# 釀

| 釀 | U+91C0, &#37312; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-91C0 |
| ← 醿 [U+91BF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 釁 → [U+91C1] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 釀 |
| Shinjitai | 醸 |
| Simplified | 酿 |

### Han character

釀 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+17, 24 strokes, cangjie input 一田卜口女 (MWYRV), four-corner 1063$_2$, composition ⿰酉襄)

#### Derived characters

* 䖆

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1289, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40099
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3603, character 10
* Unihan data for U+91C0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 囊 | *naːŋ |
| 蠰 | *naːŋ, *sraŋ, *hnjaŋs, *njaŋʔ |
| 曩 | *naːŋʔ |
| 灢 | *naːŋʔ, *naːŋs |
| 儾 | *naːŋs |
| 孃 | *naŋ, *njaŋ |
| 瓤 | *naŋ, *njaŋ |
| 鑲 | *naŋ, *njaŋ |
| 釀 | *naŋs |
| 瓖 | *snaŋ, *snaŋ |
| 驤 | *snaŋ |
| 襄 | *snaŋ |
| 纕 | *snaŋ |
| 忀 | *snaŋ |
| 欀 | *snaŋ, *njaŋs |
| 饟 | *hnjaŋ, *hnjaŋʔ, *hnjaŋs |
| 攘 | *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ, *njaŋs |
| 禳 | *njaŋ |
| 穰 | *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ |
| 躟 | *njaŋ, *njaŋʔ |
| 瀼 | *njaŋ |
| 獽 | *njaŋ |
| 儴 | *njaŋ |
| 蘘 | *njaŋ |
| 鬤 | *njaŋ, *rnaːŋ |
| 勷 | *njaŋ |
| 壤 | *njaŋʔ |
| 嚷 | *njaŋʔ |
| 讓 | *njaŋs |
| 懹 | *njaŋs |
| 攮 | *rnoːŋʔ |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): niàng (niang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng$^6$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): ngiong
    (Meixian, Guangdong): ngiong$^4$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liōng / jiōng / liāng / lióng / jiòng / nn̄g
    (Teochew, Peng'im): riang$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gnian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niàng
*** Wade–Giles: niang$^4$
*** Yale: nyàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nianq
*** Palladius: нян (njan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯ɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joeng$^6$
*** Yale: yeuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiong
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯oŋ⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: ngiong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋiɔŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liōng
*** Tâi-lô: liōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liong
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiōng
*** Tâi-lô: jiōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jiong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liāng
*** Tâi-lô: liāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liaŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lióng
*** Tâi-lô: lióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liorng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiòng
*** Tâi-lô: jiòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jioxng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɔŋ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nn̄g
*** Tâi-lô: nn̄g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /nŋ̍²²/
* Xiamen:
** liōng - literary;
** nn̄g - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: nrjangH
Rime :
| Character | 釀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 女亮切 |
| Baxter | nrjangH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /niɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /niaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /nĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ni̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | niàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | noeng$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*naŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 釀 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13617 |
| Phonetic component | 襄 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 釀 |
| Old Chinese | /*naŋs/ |

#### Definitions

釀
* to brew; to ferment
* (of bees) to make (honey)
* to lead to; to result in
* to stuff (a stuffing made of meat, fish, shrimp, etc.) into a vegetable, tofu, etc. and fry or steam
* wine; liquor

#### Compounds

* 佳釀／佳酿
* 嘉釀／嘉酿
* 家釀／家酿
* 新釀／新酿
* 酒釀／酒酿 (jiǔniàng)
* 醞釀／酝酿 (yùnniàng)
* 釀器／酿器
* 釀成／酿成 (niàngchéng)
* 釀禍／酿祸
* 釀蜜／酿蜜 (niàngmì)
* 釀製／酿制 (niàngzhì)
* 釀豆腐／酿豆腐 (niàngdòufu)
* 釀造／酿造 (niàngzào)
* 釀酒／酿酒 (niàngjiǔ)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): niáng (niang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄤˊ
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngiòng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): nn̂g / liông
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niáng
*** Wade–Giles: niang$^2$
*** Yale: nyáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: niang
*** Palladius: нян (njan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯ɑŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngiòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngiong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngiong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi̯oŋ¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: nn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: nngg
*** IPA (Xiamen): /nŋ̍²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liông
*** Tâi-lô: liông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lioong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɔŋ²⁴/
* nn̂g - vernacular;
* liông - literary.

#### Definitions

釀
* Only used in 酒釀／酒酿 (jiǔniáng), alternative form of 酒娘

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 醸 |
| Kyūjitai | 釀 |

### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 醸)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: にょう (nyō)
* Kan-on: じょう (jō)
* Kun: かもす (kamosu, 釀す)

## Korean
### Hanja

釀 • (yang) (hangeul 양, revised yang, McCune–Reischauer yang, Yale yang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

釀: Hán Nôm readings: nhưỡng, nưỡng, nẫng, nãng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.