# 惡意
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): èyì
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ ㄧˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ok$^3$ ji$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ok-yi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ok-ì
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ag$^4$ i$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: èyì
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄧˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: èyì
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$-i$^4$
*** Yale: è-yì
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ehyih
*** Palladius: эи (ei)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹⁻⁵³ i⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$惡意／恶意 遏抑
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ok$^3$ ji$^3$
*** Yale: ok yi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ok$^8$ ji$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: og$^3$ yi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔːk̚³ jiː³³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ok-yi
*** Hakka Romanization System: og$^ˋ$ i
*** Hagfa Pinyim: og$^5$ yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ok̚² i⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ok-yi
*** Hakka Romanization System: og$^ˋ$ (r)i
*** Hagfa Pinyim: og$^5$ yi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ok̚² (j)i⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ok-ì
*** Tâi-lô: ok-ì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ok'ix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ i²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɔk̚⁵⁻²⁴ i⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁵ i²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ i¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɔk̚³²⁻⁴ i²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ag$^4$ i$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ak ì
*** Sinological IPA : /ak̚²⁻⁴ i²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: 'ak 'iH
Rime :
| Character | 惡 | 意 |
| Reading # | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 烏各切 | 於記切 |
| Baxter | 'ak | 'iH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɑk̚/ | /ʔɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɑk̚/ | /ʔɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɑk̚/ | /ʔie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔak̚/ | /ʔɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɑk̚/ | /ʔiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɑk̚/ | /ĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔɑk̚/ | /ʔi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | e | yì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ok$^3$ | ji$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔˤak ʔ(r)ək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qaːɡ qɯɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 惡 | 意 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | è | yì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔak › | ‹ ʔi$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔˁak/ | /*ʔ(r)ək-s/ |
| English | bad, ugly | thought (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 惡 | 意 |
| Reading # | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14220 | 15153 |
| Phonetic component | 亞 | 意 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 惡 | 意 |
| Old Chinese | /*qaːɡ/ | /*qɯɡs/ |

### Noun

惡意
* malice; ill will
    懷有惡意／怀有恶意 ― huáiyǒu èyì ― to harbor malice
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Mǎng Hóu qī jí, jiàn qí shū, dànù, yí Lín yǒu èyì, bù lìng dé huìsāng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Antonyms

* 好心 (hǎoxīn)

#### Derived terms

* 惡意收購／恶意收购 (èyì shōugòu)
* 惡意軟件／恶意软件 (èyì ruǎnjiàn)
* 惡意軟體／恶意软体 (èyì ruǎntǐ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 悪(あく)意(い) (akui)
* → Korean: 악의(惡意) (agui)
* → Vietnamese: ác ý (惡意)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 惡 | 意 |
| あく Jinmeiyō | い Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 惡意 – see the following entry. :
| 【悪意あくい】 | [noun] malice [noun] a bad meaning |
(This term, 惡意, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 惡 | 意 |

### Noun

惡意 • (agui) (hangeul 악의)
* hanja form of 악의 (“malice”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 惡 | 意 |

### Noun

惡意
* chữ Hán form of ác ý (“malice”).