# 酣

| 酣 | U+9163, &#37219; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9163 |
| ← 酢 [U+9162] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 酤 → [U+9164] |

## Translingual
### Han character

酣 (Kangxi radical 164, 酉+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一田廿一 (MWTM), four-corner 1467$_0$, composition ⿰酉甘)
* rapturous, rapturously, soundly and comfortably
* (in connection with the drinking of alcohol) intoxicated, tipsy, drunk
* enjoying intoxicants

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1282, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 39825
* Dae Jaweon: page 1782, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3577, character 9
* Unihan data for U+9163

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 酣 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 紺 | *kɯːms |
| 姏 | *mɡaːm |
| 嵌 | *sɡaːmʔ, *kʰraːm |
| 甘 | *kaːm |
| 柑 | *kaːm |
| 苷 | *kaːm |
| 泔 | *kaːm |
| 坩 | *kaːm, *kʰaːm |
| 蚶 | *ɢaːm, *ɢaːm |
| 酣 | *ɢaːm |
| 甝 | *ɢaːm |
| 魽 | *ɢaːm |
| 邯 | *ɡaːm, *ɡaːm |
| 鉗 | *ɡram |
| 箝 | *ɡram |
| 黚 | *ɡram, *ɡrɯm |
| 拑 | *ɡram |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢaːm) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 酉 (“alcohol”) + phonetic 甘 (OC *kaːm).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hān (han$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ham$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hâm
* Northern Min (KCR): háng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ham
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hān
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: han
*** Wade–Giles: han$^1$
*** Yale: hān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: han
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ham$^4$
*** Yale: hàhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ham$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hem$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐm²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hâm
*** Hakka Romanization System: ham$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ham$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ham²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: háng
*** Sinological IPA : /xaŋ⁵⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ham
*** Tâi-lô: ham
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hafm
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ham³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ham⁴⁴/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit酣 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /xan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /xan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /xan²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /xã²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /xã⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /xan²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /xã²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /xã⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /xan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /xɛ̃n⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /xan⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /xan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /xan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /xan⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /xã̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /xaŋ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /xæ̃²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /xæ̃¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /xɑŋ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /xæ̃³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /hø⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /hø⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /hẽ̞³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /hø³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /xɛ⁴⁴/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | |
| Xiang | Changsha | /xan³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /han³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | |
| Hakka | Meixian | |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /t͡sʰiɑm⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /hɐm²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /hɐm²¹/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /hɐm²¹/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /ham³⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /haŋ⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /xaŋ⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /ham³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /kam²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: ham
Rime :
| Character | 酣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡甘切 |
| Baxter | ham |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɑm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦɑm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɑm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦam/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɑm/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɑm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣɑm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ham$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤam/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢaːm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 酣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ham › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁam/ |
| English | half-drunk |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 酣 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3659 |
| Phonetic component | 甘 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 酣 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢaːm/ |

### Definitions

酣
* to drink alcohol to one's heart's content
* to enjoy drinking alcohol
* in a carefree manner; to the fullest and joyfully
    酣飲／酣饮 ― hānyǐn ― to drink to one's heart's content
    酣笑 ― hānxiào ― to laugh to the fullest
* (of a fight) intense; fierce
    酣鬥／酣斗 ― hāndòu ― to fight intensely
    From: 1979, 郭廷以 (Kuo Ting-yee), 《近代中國史綱》 (A Short History of Modern China)
    Shí fǎn Jiǎng zhànzhēng fāng hān, Sū'é yǒuyì guānwàng. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Compounds

* 半酣 (bànhān)
* 酒酣 (jiǔhān)
* 酣戰／酣战 (hānzhàn)
* 酣暢／酣畅 (hānchàng)
* 酣睡 (hānshuì, “fast asleep”)
* 酣醉 (hānzuì)
* 酣鬥／酣斗 (hāndòu)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: がん (gan)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* On: こん (kon)
* Kun: たけなわ (takenawa)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 酣
* たけなわ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 酣 – see the following entry. :
| 【たけなわ】 | [noun] heights; full swing Alternative spelling 闌 |
(This term, 酣, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

## Korean
### Hanja

酣 • (geom) (hangeul 검, revised geom, McCune–Reischauer kŏm, Yale kem)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

酣: Hán Nôm readings: hàm, ham