# 朝食
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhāoshí
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄠ ㄕˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhāoshí
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄠ ㄕˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhaoshíh
*** Wade–Giles: chao$^1$-shih$^2$
*** Yale: jāu-shŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaushyr
*** Palladius: чжаоши (čžaoši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ʂʐ̩³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: trjew zyik
Rime :
| Character | 朝 | 食 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (92) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 陟遙切 | 乗力切 |
| Baxter | trjew | zyik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiᴇu/ | /ʑɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚiɛu/ | /ʑɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiæu/ | /ʑiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈiaw/ | /ʑik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶjɛu/ | /d͡ʑiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭɛu/ | /d͡ʑĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶi̯ɛu/ | /d͡ʑʰi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhāo | shí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ziu$^1$ | sik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*t<r>aw mə-lək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔr'ew ɦljɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 朝 | 食 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhāo | shí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjew › | ‹ zyik › |
| Old Chinese | /*t<r>aw/ | /*mə-lək/ |
| English | morning | eat |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 朝 | 食 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1307 | 11477 |
| Phonetic component | 朝 | 食 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 朝 | |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔr'ew/ | /*ɦljɯɡ/ |
| Notes | 甲文作日月同在草中表清晨， 非舟聲 | |

### Verb

朝食
* (literary) to breakfast; to have breakfast
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Chéng wǒ shèng jū, cháoshí yú Zhū. [Pinyin]
    I will drive my team of colts, And breakfast at Zhu.
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Yú gū jiǎnmiè cǐ ér zhāoshí. [Pinyin]
    I will eliminate them before having [my] morning meal.

### Noun

朝食
* (literary) breakfast

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 朝食, 饔, 晨炊 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 早飯, 早餐 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 早飯, 早點 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 早飯, 早餐, 早點 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 早上飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 早上飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 早飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 早上飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 早上飯, 早飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 早飯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 早餐 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 早餐 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 點心 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 早飯, 早晨飯, 早點 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 朝飯兒, 早飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 清早飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 早起飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 清早起來飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 乾早飯, 早飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 早起 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 早點, 早上飯, 早飯 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 趕早飯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 早飯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 早飯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 早飯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 乾早飯, 早飯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 早飯, 早餐 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 早飯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 早飯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 早飯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 早餐, 早飯, 早點 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 早餐, 早飯, 早點 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 早飯, 點心 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 早飯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 早飯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 早飯 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 早餐, 朝早飯, 朝 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 早飯, 朝頭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 早飯, 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 粥 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 朝早飯 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 朝早飯 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 朝早飯 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 早飯 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 朝 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 朝 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 朝 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 過早 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 過早 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 早朝 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 早朝 |
| Cantonese | Danzhou | 早朝 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 早餐 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 早餐 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 早飯 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 早飯 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 早飯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 朝 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 朝 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 朝, 早餐 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Shuikou Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Hengli Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Pingshan Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Pingling Bendihua) | 早餐, 朝 |
| Hakka | Longmen (Luxi Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Boluo (Bendihua) | 早餐 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Zengcheng (Zhengguo) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Wuguishan) | 朝, 早餐 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 早餐 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Zijin (Guzhu Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Tuocheng Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Longchuan (Sidu Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Heping (Linzhai Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Zhongxin Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Lianping (Longjie Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Matou Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Xinfeng (Daxi Bendihua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 朝 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 朝 |
| Hakka | Changting | 朝 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 朝 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 天光 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 朝飯 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 晨朝 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 朝 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 朝飯 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 早晨 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 朝 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 早頓, 早, 晨早 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 朝, 朝飯 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 朝 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 朝, 早點 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 早餐 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 朝, 早餐 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 朝 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 早飯 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 早飯 |
| Huizhou | Huangshan (Tunxi) | 天光 |
| Huizhou | Xiuning | 天光 |
| Huizhou | Yixian | 天光 |
| Huizhou | Qimen | 點心 |
| Huizhou | Wuyuan | 朝飯, 朝粥 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 早清飯, 清早飯, 打早飯 |
| Jin | Pingyao | 早起飯, 早晨飯 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 打早飯, 早起飯, 早升飯 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 早飯 |
| Jin | Linhe | 早飯 |
| Jin | Jining | 早飯 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 早飯 |
| Jin | Baotou | 早飯 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 早飯 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 早點 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 早 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 早 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 飯 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 飯 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 朝 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 朝 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 早 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 飯, 早 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 飯 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 早頓, 早起頓, 早起 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 早頓, 早起頓, 早起 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 早起 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 早頓, 早起頓, 早起 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 早起頓, 早起, 早餐, 早頓 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 早餐, 早起 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 飯 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 飯 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 眠起, 早餐 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 猛早頓, 猛早, 早飯, 早糜 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 眠早 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 早餐, 早頓 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 早餐 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 早餐 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 早糜, 早 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 糜旦, 天光糜, 早 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 天光糜, 天光, 天光早糜, 天光早, 天光白糜, 天光白 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 早糜, 早餐 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 早餐 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 早餐 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 早餐 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 過早, 朝飯, 點心 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 早飯 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 早飯, 早點 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 飯 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 早飯 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 早飯, 早點 |
| Wu | Danyang | 早飯 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 早飯 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 天亮飯 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 天光 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 五更兒飯, 五更飯, 五更兒 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 五更 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 早飯 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 早飯 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 早飯, 晨飯 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 早飯 |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 朝 | 食 |
| ちょう Grade: 2 | しょく Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 朝食 (MC trjew zyik, literally “morning + eating”). Appears in 1713.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちょーしょく [chòóshókú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡ɕo̞ːɕo̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

朝(ちょう)食(しょく) • (chōshoku)
* breakfast

#### Synonyms

* 朝(あさ)ご飯(はん) (asa gohan)
* 朝餉(あさげ) (asage)
* (Kiso district) あーせ (āse)

#### Related terms

* 昼(ちゅう)食(しょく) (chūshoku, “lunch”)
* 夕(ゆう)食(しょく) (yūshoku, “supper, dinner”)
* 夜(や)食(しょく) (yashoku, “night meal, midnight snack”)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN