# 放浪
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fànglàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˋ ㄌㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^3$ long$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hòng-lōng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fànglàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˋ ㄌㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fànglàng
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^4$-lang$^4$
*** Yale: fàng-làng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fanqlanq
*** Palladius: фанлан (fanlan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ lɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^3$ long$^6$
*** Yale: fong lohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^3$ long$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^3$ long$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ³³ lɔːŋ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòng-lōng
*** Tâi-lô: hòng-lōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hornglong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ lɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ lɔŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: pjangH langH
Rime :
| Character | 放 | 浪 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 甫妄切 | 來宕切 |
| Baxter | pjangH | langH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʉɐŋ$^H$/ | /lɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʷiɐŋ$^H$/ | /lɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuɑŋ$^H$/ | /lɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puaŋ$^H$/ | /laŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /piuaŋ$^H$/ | /lɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭwaŋ$^H$/ | /lɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /piwaŋ$^H$/ | /lɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fàng | làng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^3$ | long$^6$ |

### Verb

放浪
* (literary) to be unrestrained; to be dissolute

#### Derived terms

* 放浪不羈／放浪不羁 (fànglàng bùjī)
* 放浪形骸 (fànglàng xínghái)

#### Related terms

* 放蕩／放荡 (fàngdàng)
* 放縱／放纵 (fàngzòng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 放 | 浪 |
| ほう Grade: 3 | ろう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーろー [hòóróó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ːɾo̞ː]

### Noun

放(ほう)浪(ろう) • (hōrō)
* wandering
    Synonyms: さすらい (sasurai), 流浪 (rurō)

#### Derived terms

* 放(ほう)浪(ろう)者(しゃ) (hōrōsha)
* 放(ほう)浪(ろう)生(せい)活(かつ) (hōrō seikatsu)
* 放(ほう)浪(ろう)癖(へき) (hōrōheki)

### Adjective

放(ほう)浪(ろう) • (hōrō) $^†$-nari
* acting as one's please

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 放浪なら | ほうろうなら | fourounara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 放浪に$^{[1]}$ 放浪なり$^{[2]}$ | ほうろうに ほうろうなり | fourouni fourounari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 放浪なり | ほうろうなり | fourounari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 放浪なる | ほうろうなる | fourounaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 放浪なれ | ほうろうなれ | fourounare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 放浪なれ | ほうろうなれ | fourounare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 放浪ならず | ほうろうならず | fourounarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 放浪なれど | ほうろうなれど | fourounaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 放浪なれば | ほうろうなれば | fourounareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 放浪ならば | ほうろうならば | fourounaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 放浪なりき | ほうろうなりき | fourounariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 放浪なりけり | ほうろうなりけり | fourounarikeri |
| Adverbial | 放浪に | ほうろうに | fourouni |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

### Verb

放(ほう)浪(ろう)する • (hōrō suru) intransitive suru (stem 放(ほう)浪(ろう)し (hōrō shi), past 放(ほう)浪(ろう)した (hōrō shita))
* wander
    Synonyms: さすらう (sasurau), 流浪する (rurō suru)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 放浪し | ほうろうし | hōrō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 放浪し | ほうろうし | hōrō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 放浪する | ほうろうする | hōrō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 放浪する | ほうろうする | hōrō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 放浪すれ | ほうろうすれ | hōrō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 放浪せよ¹ 放浪しろ² | ほうろうせよ¹ ほうろうしろ² | hōrō seyo¹ hōrō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 放浪される | ほうろうされる | hōrō sareru |
| Causative | 放浪させる 放浪さす | ほうろうさせる ほうろうさす | hōrō saseru hōrō sasu |
| Potential | 放浪できる | ほうろうできる | hōrō dekiru |
| Volitional | 放浪しよう | ほうろうしよう | hōrō shiyō |
| Negative | 放浪しない | ほうろうしない | hōrō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 放浪せず | ほうろうせず | hōrō sezu |
| Formal | 放浪します | ほうろうします | hōrō shimasu |
| Perfective | 放浪した | ほうろうした | hōrō shita |
| Conjunctive | 放浪して | ほうろうして | hōrō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 放浪すれば | ほうろうすれば | hōrō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 放 | 浪 |

### Noun

放浪 • (bangnang) (hangeul 방랑)
* hanja form of 방랑