# 鏟

| 鏟 | U+93DF, &#37855; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-93DF |
| ← 鏞 [U+93DE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鏠 → [U+93E0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鏟 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+11, 19 strokes, cangjie input 金卜竹一 (CYHM) or 金卜大一 (CYKM), four-corner 8011$_5$, composition ⿰釒産(GV) or ⿰釒產(HTJK))

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1320, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40810
* Dae Jaweon: page 1820, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4251, character 2
* Unihan data for U+93DF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 喭 | *ŋaːns, *ŋrans |
| 鏟 | *sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ, *sŋ̊ʰraːns |
| 産 | *sŋreːnʔ |
| 簅 | *sreːnʔ |
| 摌 | *sreːnʔ |
| 嵼 | *sŋreːnʔ |
| 滻 | *sŋreːnʔ |
| 顏 | *ŋraːn |
| 楌 | *ŋraːn |
| 偐 | *ŋraːns |
| 齴 | *ŋranʔ |
| 遃 | *ŋranʔ |
| 嵃 | *ŋranʔ |
| 彦 | *ŋrans |
| 諺 | *ŋrans |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ, *sŋ̊ʰraːns) : semantic 金 + phonetic 產 (OC *sŋreːnʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): chǎn (chan$^3$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): cuan$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caan$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chhán
    (Meixian, Guangdong): can$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): chǔing
* Eastern Min (BUC): tē̤
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhán / sán / chhián
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tshe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^3$
*** Yale: chǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chaan
*** Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän²¹⁴/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: cuan$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: cuan
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuan⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caan$^2$
*** Yale: cháan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: can$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhán
*** Hakka Romanization System: can$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: can$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰan³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: can$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰan³¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chǔing
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰuiŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: tē̤
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰœ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhán
*** Tâi-lô: tshán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zharn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /t͡sʰan⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰan⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sán
*** Tâi-lô: sán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sarn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /san⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /san⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhián
*** Tâi-lô: tshián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiern
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
* Quanzhou:
** chhán - literary;
** chhián - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsrheanX, tsrhaenH
Rime :
| Character | 鏟 | 鏟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 山 (73) | 刪 (69) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 初限切 | 初鴈切 |
| Baxter | tsrheanX | tsrhaenH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰˠɛn$^X$/ | /t͡ʃʰˠan$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæn$^X$/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚan$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰæn$^X$/ | /t͡ʃʰɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰəɨn$^X$/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰɛn$^X$/ | /t͡ʃʰan$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰæn$^X$/ | /t͡ʃʰan$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰăn$^X$/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰan$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chǎn | chàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caan$^2$ | caan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ/, /*sŋ̊ʰraːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鏟 | 鏟 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 14398 | 14404 |
| Phonetic component | 彦 | 彦 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 剗 | 鏟 |
| Old Chinese | /*sŋ̊ʰreːnʔ/ | /*sŋ̊ʰraːns/ |

### Definitions

鏟
* spade; shovel; scoop
* to shovel; to level off
* to root out; to destroy
* (Hong Kong Cantonese) to delete (data on a computer or other device)
    剷咗個app／铲咗个app [Cantonese] ― caan$^2$ zo$^2$ go$^3$ ep$^1$ [Jyutping] ― to delete the app

#### Usage notes

The traditional form 剷 is usually reserved for the verb sense.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 鍤 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 鏟子, 鐵鍬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 鏟子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 鏟子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 鏟鏟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 鏟子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 鏟鏟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 鐵鏟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 鏟子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 鐵鏟 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 鐵鏟 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 鏟子 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 鏟子 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 鐵鏟 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 砂撩 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 撩鏟, 圓筆, 砂撩 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 砂撩 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 砂撩 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 砂撩 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 鉛筆 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 鏟子 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 鏟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 拓仔, 鎙仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 拓仔, 塗挑 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 沙挑, 尖挑 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 沙挑 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 鉛筆 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 沙挑 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 鉛筆仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 塗鍤 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 塗挑 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 沙挑 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 拓仔, 鎙 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 拓仔 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 鐵鏟 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 鐵鏟, 鏟 |
| Wu | Danyang | 鏟子 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 鏟子, 洋鏟 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 鏟子 |

### Compounds

* 月牙鏟／月牙铲
* 金鐘鏟／金钟铲
* 鍋鏟／锅铲 (guōchǎn)
* 鏟土機／铲土机 (chǎntǔjī)
* 鏟子／铲子 (chǎnzi)
* 鏟幣／铲币
* 鏟平／铲平 (chǎnpíng)
* 鏟蹚／铲蹚
* 鏟除／铲除 (chǎnchú)
* 鏟雪車／铲雪车
* 鏟青／铲青
* 鏟頭／铲头

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): さん (san)、せん (sen)
* Kun: いたがね (itagane)

## Korean
### Hanja

鏟 • (san) (hangeul 산, revised san, McCune–Reischauer san, Yale san)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

鏟: Hán Việt readings: sạn, sản
鏟: Nôm readings: sản, san, sán, xẻng, sám
* chữ Hán form of sạn (“shovel”).
* Nôm form of xẻng (“shovel”).

#### References

* ↑ Nguyễn (1974).
* ↑ Thiều Chửu (1942).
* 1 2 3 4 Trần (2004).
* ↑ Trần (1999).
* ↑ Hồ (1976).