# चतुर
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit चतुर (catura).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /t͡ʃə.t̪ʊɾ/, [t͡ʃɐ.t̪ʊɾ]

### Adjective

चतुर • (catur) (indeclinable)
* smart
* shrewd, intelligent
* clever, astute, sensible
* ingenious, skilled, capable
* dexterous, nimble
* clear-sighted

#### Derived terms

* चतुराई (caturāī)

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* চতুৰ (Assamese script)
* ᬘᬢᬸᬭ (Balinese script)
* চতুর (Bengali script)
* 𑰓𑰝𑰲𑰨 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀘𑀢𑀼𑀭 (Brahmi script)
* စတုရ (Burmese script)
* ચતુર (Gujarati script)
* ਚਤੁਰ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌚𑌤𑍁𑌰 (Grantha script)
* ꦕꦠꦸꦫ (Javanese script)
* 𑂒𑂞𑂳𑂩 (Kaithi script)
* ಚತುರ (Kannada script)
* ចតុរ (Khmer script)
* ຈຕຸຣ (Lao script)
* ചതുര (Malayalam script)
* ᢜᠠᢠᡠᡵᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘓𑘝𑘳𑘨 (Modi script)
* ᢋᠠᢐᠤᠷᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦳𑦽𑧔𑧈 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐔𑐟𑐸𑐬 (Newa script)
* ଚତୁର (Odia script)
* ꢗꢡꢸꢬ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆖𑆠𑆶𑆫 (Sharada script)
* 𑖓𑖝𑖲𑖨 (Siddham script)
* චතුර (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩡𑩫𑩒𑩼 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚏𑚙𑚰𑚤 (Takri script)
* சதுர (Tamil script)
* చతుర (Telugu script)
* จตุร (Thai script)
* ཙ་ཏུ་ར (Tibetan script)
* 𑒔𑒞𑒳𑒩 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨣𑨙𑨃𑨫 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Of unclear origin.
Traditionally derived from चतुर् (catur, “four”), with an interpretation of "having the four"; the four in question are folk-etymologically interpreted as the Vedas.
An alternative theory considers the word a Dravidian borrowing; compare Tamil சதுர் (catur, “ability, skill, dexterity”) and Telugu చదువు (caduvu, “to read, study”). In light of the exact phonetic and semantic match as well as the word's lack of attestation in Vedic, this derivation is quite likely. However, it is also possible that the Dravidian terms are borrowed from Indo-Aryan rather than the other way around.
The relation to words like चटुल (caṭula, “trembling, unsteady, fine”), चटु (caṭu, “kind or flattering words”), and चाटु (cāṭu, “pleasing words, flattery”) is unclear and uncertain.

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /t͡ɕɐ.tu.ɾɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈt͡ɕɐ.t̪u.ɾɐ/

### Adjective

चतुर • (catura)
* dexterous, clever, ingenious, shrewd
* charming, agreeable

#### Declension
### Noun

चतुर • (catura) stem, m
* a round pillow
* Labeo rohita, a fish of the carp family Cyprinidae, found in the Ganges river

#### Declension
### Noun

चतुर • (catura) stem, n
* an elephant's stable

#### Derived terms

* चातुर्य (cāturya)

#### Descendants

* → Hindi: चतुर (catur) (learned)
* → Punjabi: ਚਤਰ (catar) (learned)
* → Telugu: చతుర (catura)

### References

* Monier Williams (1899) “चतुर”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 386/1.
* Sanskrit Dictionary for Spoken Sanskrit
* 1 2 Mayrhofer, Manfred (2001) Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎ (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 178
* ↑ Burrow, T., Emeneau, M. B. (1984) “catur”, in A Dravidian etymological dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 205.
* 1 2 Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎ (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 370-1