# 啟明
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): qǐmíng
       (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˇ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qi$^3$ min$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kai$^2$ ming$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khí-mìn
* Jin (Wiktionary): qi$^2$ ming$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): kiē-mìng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khé-bêng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$chi-min
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qǐmíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˇ ㄇㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǐmíng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^3$-ming$^2$
*** Yale: chǐ-míng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiiming
*** Palladius: цимин (cimin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi²¹⁴⁻²¹ miŋ³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: qi$^3$ min$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: kimin
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵³ min²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kai$^2$ ming$^4$
*** Yale: kái mìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kai$^2$ ming$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kei$^2$ ming$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐi̯³⁵ mɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khí-mìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ki$^ˋ$ min$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ki$^3$ min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi³¹ min¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qi$^2$ ming$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰi⁵³ mĩŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kiē-mìng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰie³³⁻²¹ miŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khé-bêng
*** Tâi-lô: khé-bîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qefbeeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰe⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰe⁵³⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰe⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ biɪŋ²³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$chi-min
*** MiniDict: chi$^去$ min
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$qi-min
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕʰi³³ min⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: khejX mjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 啟 | 明 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 康禮切 | 武兵切 |
| Baxter | khejX | mjaeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰei$^X$/ | /mˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰei$^X$/ | /mᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɛi$^X$/ | /miaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰɛj$^X$/ | /miajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰei$^X$/ | /miɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰiei$^X$/ | /mĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰiei$^X$/ | /mi̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qǐ | míng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hai$^2$ | ming$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kʰˤijʔ mraŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰeːʔ mraŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 啟 | 明 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qǐ | míng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khej$^X$ › | ‹ mjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰˁijʔ/ | /*mraŋ/ |
| English | open (v.) | bright |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 啟 | 明 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10129 | 9188 |
| Phonetic component | 啓 | 明 |
| Rime group | 支 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 啓 | 明 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰeːʔ/ | /*mraŋ/ |
| Notes | 啓通用異體見漢簡 | |

### Adjective

啟明
* (literary) enlightened; intelligent; open-minded; understanding
    From: The Book of Documents, circa 4th – 3rd century BCE
    Dì yuē: “Chóuzī ruòshí dēngyōng?” Fàngqí yuē: “Yìnzǐ Zhū qǐmíng.” Dì yuē: “Xū! Yínsòng kě hū?” [Pinyin]
    The Emperor said, “Who will search out (for me) a man according to the times, whom I can raise and employ?” Fang-qi said, “(Your) heir-son Zhu is highly intelligent.” The Emperor said, “Alas; he is insincere and quarrelsome ― can he do?”

### Noun

啟明
* (～星) (Chinese astronomy) planet Venus in the east before dawn; Lucifer
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Dōng yǒu qǐmíng, xī yǒu chánggēng. Yǒu qiú tiānbì, zài shī zhī xíng. [Pinyin]
    In the east there is Lucifer; In the west there is Hesperus; Long and curved is the Rabbit Net of the sky; - But they only occupy their places.

#### Synonyms

* 金星 (Jīnxīng)
* 太白星 (Tàibáixīng)

### Verb

啟明
* to enlighten; to edify; to educate (e.g. the blind)

#### Derived terms

* 啟明學校／启明学校