# 關鍵
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guānjiàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaan$^1$ gin$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): koan-kiān / koan-kiàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): guang$^1$ giang$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guānjiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄢ ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guanjiàn
*** Wade–Giles: kuan$^1$-chien$^4$
*** Yale: gwān-jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guanjiann
*** Palladius: гуаньцзянь (guanʹczjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯än⁵⁵ t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwaan$^1$ gin$^6$
*** Yale: gwāan gihn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwaan$^1$ gin$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guan$^1$ gin$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷaːn⁵⁵ kiːn²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koan-kiān
*** Tâi-lô: kuan-kiān
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koankien
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kuan⁴⁴⁻²² kiɛn²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuan³³ kiɛn⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koan-kiàn
*** Tâi-lô: kuan-kiàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koankiexn
*** IPA (Taipei): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuan⁴⁴⁻³³ kiɛn²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: guang$^1$ giang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kuang kiăng
*** Sinological IPA : /kuaŋ³³⁻²³ kiaŋ³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: kwaen gjonX
Rime :
| Character | 關 | 鍵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (70) | 元 (65) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 古還切 | 其偃切 |
| Baxter | kwaen | gjonX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠuan/ | /ɡɨɐn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷᵚan/ | /ɡiɐn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɐn/ | /ɡiɐn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwaɨn/ | /gɨan$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kuan/ | /ɡiɐn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kwan/ | /ɡĭɐn$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kwan/ | /gɨ̯ɐn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guān | jiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwaan$^1$ | gin$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kroːn ɡanʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 關 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwæn › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ˁro[n]/ |
| English | barrier |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 關 | 鍵 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| No. | 8640 | 6222 |
| Phonetic component | 卵 | 建 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 關 | 寋 |
| Old Chinese | /*kroːn/ | /*ɡanʔ/ |

### Noun

關鍵
* (literal, Classical) latch (fastening for a door); door bolt
* (figurative) crux; key element; crucial point

#### Synonyms

* (latch):
* 插關／插关 (chāguān) (regional)
* 門栓／门栓 (ménshuān)
* 門狗／门狗 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 門釦／门扣 (ménkòu)
* 門閂／门闩 (ménshuān)
* (crux):
* 支點／支点 (zhīdiǎn) (figurative)
* 牛鼻子 (niúbízi) (figurative)
* 癥結／症结 (zhēngjié) (figurative)
* 肯綮 (figurative)
* 要害 (yàohài)
* 關鍵之處／关键之处 (guānjiàn zhī chù)

### Adjective

關鍵
* (figurative) crux; key; crucial; pivotal
    一個關鍵細節／一个关键细节 ― yīge guānjiàn xìjié ― a crucial detail
    關鍵成果／关键成果 ― guānjiàn chéngguǒ ― key results

#### Synonyms

* 主要 (zhǔyào) (most important)
* 吃勁／吃劲 (chījìn) (colloquial)
* 吃緊／吃紧 (chījǐn)
* 基本 (jīběn)
* 根本 (gēnběn)
* 當家／当家 (dāngjiā) (attributive, most important)
* 要緊／要紧 (yàojǐn)
* 重大
* 重要 (zhòngyào)

#### Derived terms

* 關鍵字／关键字 (guānjiànzì)
* 關鍵幀／关键帧 (guānjiànzhēn)
* 關鍵性／关键性 (guānjiànxìng)
* 關鍵期／关键期
* 關鍵績效指標／关键绩效指标 (guānjiàn jìxiào zhǐbiāo)
* 關鍵詞／关键词 (guānjiàncí)

### Descendants

* → Korean: 관건(關鍵) (gwan'geon)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 關 | 鍵 |

### Noun

關鍵 • (gwan'geon) (hangeul 관건)
* hanja form of 관건 (“crux; key; core”)