# 節操
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiécāo
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄘㄠ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zit$^3$ cou$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chiat-chhò͘ / chiat-chhò / chiat-chho / chiat-chhau
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiécāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄘㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiécao
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^2$-tsʻao$^1$
*** Yale: jyé-tsāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyetsau
*** Palladius: цзецао (czecao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ t͡sʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zit$^3$ cou$^3$
*** Yale: jit chou
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzit$^8$ tsou$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jid$^3$ cou$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːt̚³ t͡sʰou̯³³/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$浙醋 節操／节操
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiat-chhò͘
*** Tâi-lô: tsiat-tshòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciatzhox
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ t͡sʰɔ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiat-chhò
*** Tâi-lô: tsiat-tshò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciatzhoix
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰɤ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰo¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰo²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiat-chho
*** Tâi-lô: tsiat-tsho
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciatzhoy
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁵ t͡sʰo⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiat-chhau
*** Tâi-lô: tsiat-tshau
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciatzhaw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɛt̚³²⁻⁴ t͡sʰau⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tset tshawH
Rime :
| Character | 節 | 操 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 屑 (87) | 豪 (89) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | I |
| Fanqie | 子結切 | 七到切 |
| Baxter | tset | tshawH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡set̚/ | /t͡sʰɑu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡set̚/ | /t͡sʰɑu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɛt̚/ | /t͡sʰɑu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sɛt̚/ | /t͡sʰaw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡set̚/ | /t͡sʰɑu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡siet̚/ | /t͡sʰɑu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡siet̚/ | /t͡sʰɑu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jie | cào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zit$^3$ | cou$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tsˤik [tsʰ]ˤawʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsiːɡ sʰaːws/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 節 | 操 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jié | cāo |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tset › | ‹ tshaw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tsˁik/ | /*[tsʰ]ˁawʔ-s/ |
| English | joint | (what is grasped:) principles |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 節 | 操 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| No. | 5713 | 16575 |
| Phonetic component | 即 | 喿 |
| Rime group | 質 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 節 | 操 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsiːɡ/ | /*sʰaːws/ |

### Noun

節操
* moral integrity; principles
* (neologism, slang) sense of shame; sense of decency; chastity
       Nǐ jiécāo diào le yī dì. [Pinyin]
       You have no sense of shame at all. [lit. Your integrity fell to the ground and was shattered to pieces.] (slang)

#### Synonyms

* (moral integrity): 氣節／气节 (qìjié)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 節 | 操 |
| せつ > せっ Grade: 4 | そう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 節操 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せっそー [sèssóó] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) せっそー [sèssóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [se̞sːo̞ː]

### Noun

節(せっ)操(そう) • (sessō)
* integrity; fidelity; principle; faithfulness; honor, someone who hold on and doesn't change their beliefs
    Synonyms: 操 (misao), 忠誠, 忠信
    節操(せっそう)のない男(おとこ)
       sessō no nai otoko
       an unprincipled man

#### Derived terms

* 無節操(むせっそう) (musessō)
* 節操(せっそう)がない (sessōganai)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN