# 劾

| 劾 | U+52BE, &#21182; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-52BE |
| ← 劽 [U+52BD] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 势 → [U+52BF] |

## Translingual
### Han character

劾 (Kangxi radical 19, 力+6, 8 strokes, cangjie input 卜人大尸 (YOKS), four-corner 0482$_7$, composition ⿰亥力)
* examine into
* impeach, charge

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 147, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 2342
* Dae Jaweon: page 331, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 370, character 2
* Unihan data for U+52BE

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 該 | *kɯː |
| 垓 | *kɯː |
| 賅 | *kɯː |
| 陔 | *kɯː |
| 豥 | *kɯː, *ɡɯː |
| 荄 | *kɯː, *krɯː |
| 郂 | *kɯː |
| 姟 | *kɯː |
| 絯 | *kɯː, *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 晐 | *kɯː |
| 峐 | *kɯː |
| 侅 | *kɯː, *kʰɯː, *ɡɯːʔ, *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 胲 | *kɯː |
| 頦 | *kɯːʔ, *ɡɯː |
| 奒 | *kʰɯː |
| 輆 | *kʰɯːʔ |
| 欬 | *kʰɯːɡs, *qraːds |
| 硋 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
| 閡 | *ŋɡɯːɡs |
| 咳 | *qʰɯː, *ɡɯː |
| 孩 | *ɡɯː |
| 亥 | *ɡɯːʔ |
| 劾 | *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ |
| 痎 | *krɯː |
| 烗 | *kʰrɯːɡs |
| 骸 | *ɡrɯː |
| 駭 | *ɡrɯːʔ |
| 刻 | *kʰɯːɡ |
| 餩 | *qɯːɡ |
| 核 | *ɡuːd, *ɡrɯːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡɯːɡs, *kʰrɯːɡs, *ɡɯːɡ) : phonetic 亥 (OC *ɡɯːʔ) + semantic 力 (“power”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hé (he$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hat$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hé
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hé
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$
*** Yale: hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hat$^6$
*** Yale: haht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐt̚²/
* Middle Chinese: kheajH, hojH, hok
Rime :
| Character | 劾 | 劾 | 劾 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) | 咍 (41) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I | I |
| Fanqie | 苦戒切 | 胡槩切 | 胡得切 |
| Baxter | kheajH | hojH | hok |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠɛi$^H$/ | /ɦʌi$^H$/ | /ɦək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰᵚæi$^H$/ | /ɦəi$^H$/ | /ɦək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɐi$^H$/ | /ɣɒi$^H$/ | /ɣək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəɨj$^H$/ | /ɦəj$^H$/ | /ɦək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɛi$^H$/ | /ɣᴀi$^H$/ | /ɣək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɐi$^H$/ | /ɣɒi$^H$/ | /ɣək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰăi$^H$/ | /ɣɑ̆i$^H$/ | /ɣək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiè | hài | hé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haai$^3$ | hoi$^6$ | hak$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤək-s/, /*[ɡ]ˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯːɡs/, /*kʰrɯːɡs/, /*ɡɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 劾 | 劾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hé | hé |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hoj$^H$ › | ‹ hok › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁək-s/ | /*[ɡ]ˁək/ |
| English | investigate | investigate, try (a criminal) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 劾 | 劾 | 劾 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 4829 | 4834 | 4841 |
| Phonetic component | 亥 | 亥 | 亥 |
| Rime group | 志 | 志 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 瀣 | 烗 | 劾 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡɯːɡs/ | /*kʰrɯːɡs/ | /*ɡɯːɡ/ |

### Definitions

劾
* to expose one's crimes
* (literary) to try; to convict
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Héngshān wáng rùcháo, qí yè zhě Wèi Qìng yǒu fāngshù, yù shàngshū shì tiānzǐ, wáng nù, gù hé Qìng sǐzuì. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Compounds

* 劾奏
* 劾繫／劾系
* 參劾／参劾 (cānhé)
* 彈劾／弹劾 (tánhé)
* 彈劾權／弹劾权
* 彈劾無私／弹劾无私
* 投劾
* 深文巧劾
* 舉劾／举劾

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* censure

#### Readings

* Go-on: がい (gai, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: かい (kai)
* Kun: さばく (sabaku)、しらべる (shiraberu, 劾べる)、きわめる (kiwameru)、つとめる (tsutomeru)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 劾 (MC hok).

### Hanja

Wikisource 劾 (eumhun 꾸짖을 핵 (kkujijeul haek))
* hanja form of 핵 (“scold; inquire”)

#### Compounds

* 탄핵 (彈劾, tanhaek, “impeachment”)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

劾: Hán Nôm readings: hặc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* đàn hặc (彈劾, “to impeach”)