# 禁錮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìngù
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄍㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gam$^3$ gu$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kìm-kò͘
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìngù
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄍㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìngù
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$-ku$^4$
*** Yale: jìn-gù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinnguh
*** Palladius: цзиньгу (czinʹgu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ ku⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gam$^3$ gu$^3$
*** Yale: gam gu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gam$^3$ gu$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gem$^3$ gu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɐm³³ kuː³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kìm-kò͘
*** Tâi-lô: kìm-kòo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiemkox
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kim²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kim⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kim²¹⁻⁵³ kɔ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kim¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kim²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔ²¹/

### Verb

禁錮
* to imprison
* (literally, figuratively) to confine; to shackle
* (archaic) to ban a person from government service

#### Synonyms

* (to imprison):
* 囚困 (qiúkùn)
* 囚禁 (qiújìn)
* 拘押 (jūyā)
* 監押／监押 (jiānyā)
* 監禁／监禁 (jiānjìn)
* 軟禁／软禁 (ruǎnjìn)
* 關押／关押 (guānyā)
* (to confine):
* 主宰 (zhǔzǎi)
* 主張／主张 (zhǔzhāng) (archaic)
* 克制 (kèzhì)
* 克治 (kèzhì) (literary)
* 制禦／制御 (zhìyù) (literary)
* 制約／制约 (zhìyuē)
* 君 (jūn) (literary)
* 執掌／执掌 (zhízhǎng)
* 壓制／压制 (yāzhì)
* 壓抑／压抑 (yāyì)
* 局 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 局限 (júxiàn)
* 左右 (zuǒyòu)
* 把
* 抑制 (yìzhì)
* 把持 (bǎchí)
* 把控 (bǎkòng)
* 把攬／把揽 (bǎlǎn)
* 抵制 (dǐzhì)
* 拘束 (jūshù)
* 按 (àn)
* 按捺 (ànnà) (usually in the negative)
* 控 (literary, or in compounds)
* 控制 (kòngzhì)
* 掌控 (zhǎngkòng)
* 掌握 (zhǎngwò)
* 提控 (tíkòng) (literary)
* 撥弄／拨弄 (bōnòng)
* 撙節／撙节 (zǔnjié)
* 操控 (cāokòng)
* 操縱／操纵 (cāozòng)
* 擺佈／摆布 (bǎibù)
* 擺治／摆治 (bǎizhì) (regional)
* 支配 (zhīpèi)
* 收斂／收敛 (shōuliǎn)
* 束 (literary, or in compounds)
* 束縛／束缚 (shùfù)
* 柄 (literary, or in compounds)
* 框 (kuàng)
* 積壓／积压 (jīyā) (figurative)
* 節制／节制 (jiézhì)
* 節撙／节撙 (Quanzhou Hokkien, Xiamen Hokkien)
* 管制 (guǎnzhì)
* 管束 (guǎnshù)
* 約束／约束 (yuēshù)
* 統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
* 統治／统治 (tǒngzhì)
* 羈束／羁束 (jīshù) (literary)
* 裁 (cái) (literary, or in compounds)
* 遏抑 (èyì) (literary)
* 鎮／镇 (zhèn)
* 限 (xiàn)
* 限乏 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 限制 (xiànzhì)
* 駕／驾 (jià)
* 駕馭／驾驭 (jiàyù) (figurative)

#### Derived terms

* 非法禁錮／非法禁锢 (fēifǎ jìngù)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 禁 | 錮 |
| きん Grade: 5 | こ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spellings
* 禁固 禁こ

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きんこ [kíꜜǹkò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲĩŋko̞]

### Noun

禁(きん)錮(こ) • (kinko)
* imprisonment without labor

### Verb

禁(きん)錮(こ)する • (kinko suru) suru (stem 禁(きん)錮(こ)し (kinko shi), past 禁(きん)錮(こ)した (kinko shita))
* to imprison without labor

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 禁錮し | きんこし | kinko shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 禁錮し | きんこし | kinko shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 禁錮する | きんこする | kinko suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 禁錮する | きんこする | kinko suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 禁錮すれ | きんこすれ | kinko sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 禁錮せよ¹ 禁錮しろ² | きんこせよ¹ きんこしろ² | kinko seyo¹ kinko shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 禁錮される | きんこされる | kinko sareru |
| Causative | 禁錮させる 禁錮さす | きんこさせる きんこさす | kinko saseru kinko sasu |
| Potential | 禁錮できる | きんこできる | kinko dekiru |
| Volitional | 禁錮しよう | きんこしよう | kinko shiyō |
| Negative | 禁錮しない | きんこしない | kinko shinai |
| Negative continuative | 禁錮せず | きんこせず | kinko sezu |
| Formal | 禁錮します | きんこします | kinko shimasu |
| Perfective | 禁錮した | きんこした | kinko shita |
| Conjunctive | 禁錮して | きんこして | kinko shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 禁錮すれば | きんこすれば | kinko sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN