# 涎

| 涎 | U+6D8E, &#28046; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6D8E |
| ← 涍 [U+6D8D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 涏 → [U+6D8F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

涎 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 水弓大一 (ENKM) or 水弓大女 (ENKV), four-corner 3214$_1$, composition ⿰氵延)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 626, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17536
* Dae Jaweon: page 1029, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1610, character 1
* Unihan data for U+6D8E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 唌 | *l'aːn |
| 誕 | *l'aːnʔ |
| 蜑 | *l'aːnʔ |
| 蛋 | *l'aːns |
| 硟 | *slan, *l̥ʰjans |
| 涎 | *ljan, *lans |
| 脠 | *l̥ʰan, *hljan |
| 梴 | *l̥ʰan |
| 鋋 | *ɦljan, *lan |
| 埏 | *hljan, *lan |
| 挻 | *hljan |
| 鯅 | *hljan |
| 延 | *lan, *lans |
| 筵 | *lan |
| 蜒 | *lan |
| 狿 | *lan, *lans |
| 郔 | *lan |
| 綖 | *lan |
| 莚 | *lan, *lans |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ljan, *lans) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 延 (OC *lan, *lans).

### Etymology 1

Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Chug har (“phlegm”), Lish hahal (“phlegm”), Rupa Sherdukpen nəkʰɔ̃ː (“phlegm”), Japhug tɯɴɢar (“sputum”) (Bodt, 2021). Schuessler (2007), who reconstructs the Old Chinese minimally as *(s-)lan, compares it to Tibetan ཟླན (zlan, “moisture”).
Alternatively, Schuessler (2007) relates it to Thai น้ำลาย (náam-laai), which is derived from Proto-Tai *laːjᴬ (“saliva”).
Possibly related to 羨 (OC *ljans, “to envy”) (Wang, 1982; also cf. Baxter and Sagart, 2014).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): xián (xian$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): xuan$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): yen$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): xien$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sièn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yan$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): han$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siân / iân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iêng$^6$ / iang$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yi
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): sienn$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xián
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sián
*** Wade–Giles: hsien$^2$
*** Yale: syán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyan
*** Palladius: сянь (sjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: xuan$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: xuan
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕyan²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^4$
*** Yale: yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: yen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jen²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: xien$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiɛn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sièn
*** Hakka Romanization System: xien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xian$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯en¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: han$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xæ̃¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
*** Sinological IPA : /yoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siân
*** Tâi-lô: siân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sieen
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /siɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɛn²³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iân
*** Tâi-lô: iân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ieen
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɛn²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɛn²⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iêng$^6$ / iang$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iĕng / iăng
*** Sinological IPA : /ieŋ³⁵/, /iaŋ³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yi
*** MiniDict: yi$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: sienn$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /si̯ẽ¹³/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /ɕi̯ẽ¹³/
* Middle Chinese: zjen
Rime :
| Character | 涎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 夕連切 |
| Baxter | zjen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ziᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ziɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zian/ |
| Li Rong | /ziɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /zi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s-N-qa[r]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ljan/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 涎 | 涎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xián | xián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zjen › | ‹ zjen › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-N-qa[r]/ | /*s-N-qa[r]/ |
| English | saliva (from envy?) | spittle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 涎 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 14247 |
| Phonetic component | 延 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 㳄 |
| Old Chinese | /*ljan/ |

#### Definitions

涎
* saliva

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 涎, 唾 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 唾液, 口涎, 口水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 哈喇子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 口水 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 哈喇子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 哈喇子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 唾沫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 哈喇子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 口水, 哈喇子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 吃水, 哈喇子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 口水 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 哈喇子 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 吃拉拉, 咧涎, 涎線, 哈喇子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 痴水, 痴水痘兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 涎水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 嘴水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 涎水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 涎水 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 口水, 口婁水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 涎水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 涎水, 口水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 涎水 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 涎水, 哈喇子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 口水, 憨口水, 清口水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 口水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 涎, 涎水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 口水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 口水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 口水 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 口水, 口漦 dated |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 口水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 口水 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 涎, 唾沫 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 口瀾 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 口瀾 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 口水泡 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 涎水 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 涎水, 口水 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 口水 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 口水 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 涎 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 口瀾 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 饞水 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 口瀾, 口瀾水, 口水 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 口水 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 口水 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 口水 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 嘴瀾水 |
| Hakka | Changting | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 喉瀾 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 喉瀾水 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 夫瀾水, 夫瀾 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 口瀾 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 口水 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 口瀾, 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 口瀾, 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 口水, 口瀾, 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 口瀾, 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 口瀾, 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 口瀾, 口瀾水 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 口水 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 口水 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 口水 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 口水 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 口涎, 口水 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 涎水, 唾沫, 吐沫 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 涎水 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 涎水 |
| Jin | Linhe | 涎水 |
| Jin | Jining | 涎水 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 涎拉子 |
| Jin | Baotou | 涎水 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 涎水 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 涎水 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 瀾, 瀾水 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang (Huangkeng) | 唾 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 瀾 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 瀾, 喙瀾, 津液 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 瀾, 喙瀾, 津液 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 瀾, 喙瀾, 津液 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 瀾水 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 瀾, 喙瀾 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 瀾, 瀾水 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 瀾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 瀾 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 瀾 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 瀾 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 瀾 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 瀾 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 瀾 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 瀾 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 呲嘴瀾 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 涎 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 口水 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 饞唾, 饞唾水 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 饞唾水 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 饞唾, 饞唾水 |
| Wu | Danyang | 痰吐, 涎吐, 饞吐 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 饞唾, 饞唾水兒 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 饞唾水, 饞茶水, 瀾唾水 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 口瀾水, 饞瀾, 瀾 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 口唾水 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 饞 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 痰水子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 口水, 饞 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 口水, 饞 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 口水 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 口水 |

#### Compounds

* 刮涎
* 口涎 (kǒuxián)
* 唾涎
* 嘻皮涎臉
* 垂涎 (chuíxián)
* 垂涎三尺 (chuíxiánsānchǐ)
* 垂涎欲滴 (chuíxiányùdī)
* 失涎
* 拖涎
* 染指垂涎
* 沈涎
* 流涎
* 流涎症
* 涎不癡／涎不痴
* 涎不答
* 涎利
* 涎吐
* 涎唾
* 涎尾
* 涎水 (xiánshuǐ)
* 涎沫 (xiánmò)
* 涎涎瞪瞪
* 涎涎鄧鄧／涎涎邓邓
* 涎滑
* 涎滴
* 涎漫
* 涎濊／涎𰛦
* 涎玉沫珠
* 涎皮涎臉／涎皮涎脸
* 涎皮賴臉／涎皮赖脸 (xiánpílàiliǎn)
* 涎眉鄧眼／涎眉邓眼
* 涎睨
* 涎瞪
* 涎瞪瞪
* 涎縷／涎缕
* 涎纏／涎缠
* 涎腺 (xiánxiàn)
* 涎臉／涎脸
* 涎臉涎皮／涎脸涎皮
* 涎臉餳眼／涎脸饧眼
* 涎言涎語／涎言涎语
* 涎鄧鄧／涎邓邓
* 清涎
* 漫涎
* 痰涎
* 稠涎
* 粘涎
* 蛇涎
* 蛟涎
* 蝸涎／蜗涎
* 迤涎
* 邪涎
* 野狐涎
* 頑涎／顽涎
* 飛涎／飞涎
* 饞涎／馋涎
* 饞涎欲垂／馋涎欲垂
* 饞涎欲滴／馋涎欲滴 (chánxiányùdī)
* 香涎
* 鬼狐涎
* 黏涎
* 黏涎子
* 龍涎／龙涎 (lóngxián)
* 龍涎香／龙涎香 (lóngxiánxiāng)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yàn (yan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^4$
*** Yale: yàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: yenH
Rime :
| Character | 涎 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 于線切 |
| Baxter | yenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiᴇn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɛn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jian$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭɛn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯ɛn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*lans/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 涎 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 14268 |
| Phonetic component | 延 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*lans/ |

#### Adjective

涎
* Only used in 湎涎.

### Etymology 3
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): diàn, yàn (dian$^4$, yan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄢˋ, ㄧㄢˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: diàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: diàn
*** Wade–Giles: tien$^4$
*** Yale: dyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: diann
*** Palladius: дянь (djanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti̯ɛn⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yàn
*** Wade–Giles: yen$^4$
*** Yale: yàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yann
*** Palladius: янь (janʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛn⁵¹/

#### Definitions

涎
* Only used in 涎涎.

### Etymology 4

* For pronunciation and definitions of 涎 – see 瀾 (“saliva”). (This character is a variant form of 瀾).

### References

* “涎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* drool, slobber, saliva

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぜん (zen)、えん (en)
* Kan-on: せん (sen)、えん (en)
* Kun: よだれ (yodare, 涎)、よだり (yodari, 涎)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 涎
* よだり Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 洟 (rare)
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Ultimately a compound of よ (yo, meaning uncertain) +‎ 垂り (tari, “hanging down”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of intransitive 四段 (yodan, “quadrigrade”) conjugation verb 垂る (taru, “to hang down”)). The tari changes to dari as an instance of rendaku (連濁).
Superseded by the yodare reading, once the base verb 垂る (taru, “to hang down”) had shifted from the quadrigrade conjugation pattern to the lower bigrade pattern in the 15-1600s: see modern form 垂れる (tareru).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [jo̞da̠ɾʲi]

#### Noun

涎(よだり) • (yodari)
* [720–1600s?] (archaic) snot: nasal mucus hanging or oozing out from the nose
    Synonyms: 洟垂 (hanatare, vulgar), 鼻汁 (hanajiru)
* [720–1600s?] (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth
    Synonym: 涎 (yodare, modern term)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 涎
* よだれ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Shift from earlier yodari reading, due to the base verb 垂る (taru, “to hang down”) shifting from the quadrigrade conjugation pattern to the lower bigrade pattern in the 15-1600s: see modern form 垂れる (tareru).
First attested in a dictionary from 1548.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よだれ [yòdáré] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jo̞da̠ɾe̞]

#### Noun

涎(よだれ) • (yodare)
* [from 1500s] (archaic) drool, slobber: saliva hanging or oozing out from the mouth
    Synonyms: 唾液 (daeki, “saliva”, formal), 唾 (tsubaki, “spit”, general term), (Tsugaru) びろ (biro, dialect)

##### Derived terms

* 涎掛(よだれか)け (yodarekake, “baby apron, bib”)

### References

* 1 2 “洟・涎”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* 1 2 Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* ↑ “涎”, in デジタル大辞泉 [Digital Daijisen]‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

涎 (eum 연 (yeon))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

涎: Hán Nôm readings: diên, nhiện
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation