# 渾

| 渾 | U+6E3E, &#28222; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E3E |
| ← 渽 [U+6E3D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 渿 → [U+6E3F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

渾 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水月十十 (EBJJ), four-corner 3715$_6$, composition ⿰氵軍)

#### Derived characters

* 𩅴

#### Related characters

* 浑 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 635, character 23
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17800
* Dae Jaweon: page 1043, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1687, character 8
* Unihan data for U+6E3E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 渾 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 揮 | *qʰul |
| 輝 | *qʰul |
| 翬 | *qʰul |
| 暉 | *qʰul |
| 煇 | *qʰul, *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ |
| 楎 | *qʰul, *ɡuːn |
| 瀈 | *qʰul |
| 韗 | *qʰons, *ɢuns |
| 褌 | *kuːn |
| 鶤 | *kuːn, *ɢuns |
| 緷 | *kuːnʔ, *ɡuːnʔ, *ɢuns |
| 睴 | *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ |
| 璭 | *kuːns |
| 瘒 | *ŋɡuːn |
| 顐 | *ŋɡuːn, *ŋɡuːns, *ɡuːn |
| 諢 | *ŋɡuːns |
| 餫 | *ɡuːn, *ɢuns |
| 渾 | *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ |
| 琿 | *ɡuːn |
| 鼲 | *ɡuːn |
| 堚 | *ɡuːn |
| 鯶 | *ɡuːnʔ |
| 軍 | *kun |
| 皸 | *kun, *kuns |
| 齳 | *ŋɡunʔ |
| 喗 | *ŋɡunʔ |
| 葷 | *qʰun |
| 惲 | *qunʔ |
| 賱 | *qunʔ |
| 運 | *ɢuns |
| 暈 | *ɢuns |
| 鄆 | *ɢuns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ) : semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hún (hun$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wan$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): vùn
* Northern Min (KCR): ông
* Eastern Min (BUC): hùng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hûn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^6$ / hung$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hún
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hún
*** Wade–Giles: hun$^2$
*** Yale: hwún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwen
*** Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^4$
*** Yale: wàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: vùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: vun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: vun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /vun¹¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ông
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔŋ³³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn
*** Tâi-lô: hûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hun²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hung$^6$ / hung$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hŭng / hung
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ³⁵/, /huŋ³³/
* hung1 - totally;
* hung6 - other senses.
* Middle Chinese: hwon
Rime :
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 戸昆切 |
| Baxter | hwon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwən/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuən/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣuən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤ[u]r/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwon › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁ[u]r/ |
| English | chaotic |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 7321 |
| Phonetic component | 軍 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䰟 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡuːn/ |

#### Definitions

渾
* (obsolete) sound of spouting water
* muddy; turbid
* foolish; stupid
* simple and natural; unsophisticated
    渾樸／浑朴 ― húnpǔ ― simple and natural
* whole; complete
    渾身不舒服／浑身不舒服 ― húnshēn bùshūfú ― the whole body feels uncomfortable
* (literary) simply, in short
    From: 757, 杜甫 (Du Fu), 春望
    Báitóu sāo gèng duǎn, hún yù bùshèng zān. [Pinyin]
    As I scratch my white hair it gets shorter; Simply put it soon won't hold a hairpin within it.
* (literary) still
* name of several rivers
* Short for 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún).
* a surname

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 渾濁, 混濁 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 渾 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 渾 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 溷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 渾 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 渾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 渾 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 渾 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 濁 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 濁 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 濁 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 渾 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 渾 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 溷 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 渾, 濁 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 渾 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 醪, 醪濁 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 醪 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 醪 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 醪 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 渾 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 渾 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 渾 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 渾 |

#### Compounds

* 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún)
* 含渾／含浑
* 含蓄渾厚／含蓄浑厚
* 圓渾／圆浑
* 大渾家／大浑家
* 打水不渾／打水不浑
* 攪渾／搅浑 (jiǎohún)
* 渾不似／浑不似
* 渾不比／浑不比
* 渾世／浑世
* 渾人／浑人
* 渾似／浑似
* 渾倌／浑倌
* 渾全／浑全
* 渾化／浑化
* 渾厚／浑厚 (húnhòu)
* 渾可事／浑可事
* 渾噩／浑噩
* 渾圓／浑圆 (húnyuán)
* 渾家／浑家 (húnjiā)
* 渾小子／浑小子 (húnxiǎozi)
* 渾成／浑成
* 渾是／浑是
* 渾樸／浑朴 (húnpǔ)
* 渾樸自然／浑朴自然
* 渾水／浑水 (húnshuǐ)
* 渾水摸魚／浑水摸鱼 (húnshuǐmōyú)
* 渾河／浑河
* 渾涵／浑涵
* 渾渾噩噩／浑浑噩噩 (húnhún'è'è)
* 渾濁／浑浊 (húnzhuó)
* 渾然／浑然 (húnrán)
* 渾然一體／浑然一体 (húnrányītǐ)
* 渾然不知／浑然不知
* 渾然不覺／浑然不觉
* 渾然天成／浑然天成
* 渾然忘我／浑然忘我
* 渾無罣礙／浑无罣碍
* 渾箇／浑个
* 渾純／浑纯
* 渾脫／浑脱
* 渾花／浑花
* 渾蓋／浑盖
* 渾蛋／浑蛋
* 渾言／浑言
* 渾話／浑话
* 渾身／浑身 (húnshēn)
* 渾身是膽／浑身是胆
* 渾身無力／浑身无力
* 渾身發軟／浑身发软
* 渾身解數／浑身解数
* 渾身銅臭／浑身铜臭
* 渾酒／浑酒
* 渾金璞玉／浑金璞玉
* 渾閒／浑闲
* 渾閑事／浑闲事
* 渾骨丫髻／浑骨丫髻
* 璞玉渾金／璞玉浑金
* 老忘渾／老忘浑
* 谷渾／谷浑 (Yùhún)
* 質直渾厚／质直浑厚
* 踹渾水／踹浑水
* 蹚渾水／蹚浑水
* 躧渾水／𰸐浑水
* 鑿渾沌／凿浑沌
* 阿月渾子／阿月浑子 (āyuèhúnzǐ)
* 雄渾／雄浑 (xiónghún)
* 鬼打渾／鬼打浑

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hún, hùn
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wan$^6$ / wan$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hún
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hún
*** Wade–Giles: hun$^2$
*** Yale: hwún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwen
*** Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ən³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hùn
*** Wade–Giles: hun$^4$
*** Yale: hwùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huenn
*** Palladius: хунь (xunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wan$^6$ / wan$^4$
*** Yale: wahn / wàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wan$^6$ / wan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wen$^6$ / wen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐn²²/, /wɐn²¹/
* Middle Chinese: hwonX
Rime :
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡本切 |
| Baxter | hwonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuən$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuon$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuən$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwən$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuən$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuən$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣuən$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤurʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːnʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwon$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁurʔ/ |
| English | chaotic |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 7328 |
| Phonetic component | 軍 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 混 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡuːnʔ/ |

#### Definitions

渾
* large
* to mix; to muddle
* simple; plain
* pure
* Short for 渾天／浑天.
* Short for 渾天儀／浑天仪 (húntiānyí).

#### Compounds

* 分渾元／分浑元
* 打渾／打浑
* 沒渾過事／没浑过事
* 渾俗和光／浑俗和光
* 渾元／浑元
* 渾名／浑名 (húnmíng)
* 渾天／浑天
* 渾天儀／浑天仪 (húntiānyí)
* 渾敦／浑敦 (hùndùn)
* 渾殽／浑淆
* 渾沌／浑沌 (hùndùn)
* 渾淪／浑沦
* 渾渾／浑浑
* 渾球／浑球 (húnqiú)
* 渾號／浑号
* 渾賬／浑账
* 龍蛇渾雜／龙蛇浑杂

### Pronunciation 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 渾 – see 混 (“torrential; turbid; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 混).

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gǔn (gun$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwan$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gǔn
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gǔn
*** Wade–Giles: kun$^3$
*** Yale: gwǔn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goen
*** Palladius: гунь (gunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ən²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwan$^2$
*** Yale: gwán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐn³⁵/

#### Definitions

渾
* Only used in 渾渾／浑浑 (gǔngǔn, “alternative form of 滾滾; rolling along”).
* to fall

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* all
* turbidity

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: こん (kon)
* Kun: にごる (nigoru, 渾る)、すべて (subete, 渾て)、まじる (majiru, 渾じる)

## Korean
### Hanja

渾 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon, Yale hon)
* muddy, turbid
* blend, merge, mix

## Vietnamese
### Han character

渾: Hán Nôm readings: hồn, hỗn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.