# 機關
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīguān
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧ ㄍㄨㄢ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gei$^1$ gwaan$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gei$^1$ gan$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kî-kôan
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ki-koan
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gi$^1$ guang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīguān
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ ㄍㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiguan
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^1$-kuan$^1$
*** Yale: jī-gwān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiguan
*** Palladius: цзигуань (cziguanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵⁵ ku̯än⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$機關／机关 箕關／箕关 雞冠／鸡冠
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gei$^1$ gwaan$^1$
*** Yale: gēi gwāan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gei$^1$ gwaan$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: géi$^1$ guan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei̯⁵⁵ kʷaːn⁵⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gei$^1$ gan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kei³³ kan³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kî-kôan
*** Hakka Romanization System: gi$^ˊ$ guan$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gi$^1$ guan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki²⁴⁻¹¹ ku̯an²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Longyan, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ki-koan
*** Tâi-lô: ki-kuan
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ki'koafn
*** IPA (Longyan): /ki³³⁴ kuan³³⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ki³³ kuan³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /ki⁴⁴⁻³³ kuan⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ki⁴⁴⁻²² kuan⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gi$^1$ guang$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ki kuang
*** Sinological IPA : /ki³³⁻²³ kuaŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: kj+j kwaen
Rime :
| Character | 機 | 關 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (20) | 刪 (70) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | II |
| Fanqie | 居依切 | 古還切 |
| Baxter | kj+j | kwaen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɨi/ | /kˠuan/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɨi/ | /kʷᵚan/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiəi/ | /kuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɨj/ | /kwaɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /kiəi/ | /kuan/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭəi/ | /kwan/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ke̯i/ | /kwan/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jī | guān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gei$^1$ | gwaan$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kəj [k]ˤro[n]|kˤro[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kɯl kroːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 機 | 關 | 關 | 關 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jī | guān | guān | guān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjɨj › | ‹ kwæn › | ‹ kwæn › | ‹ kwæn › |
| Old Chinese | /*kəj/ | /*[k]ˁro[n]/ | /*[k]ˁro[n]/ | /*kˁro[n]/ |
| English | mechanism | barrier | 關關 kwæn.kwæn [bird’s cry] | 間關 sound of a chariot"s linchpin (Ode 218.1) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 機 | 關 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5788 | 8640 |
| Phonetic component | 幾 | 卵 |
| Rime group | 微 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 機 | 關 |
| Old Chinese | /*kɯl/ | /*kroːn/ |

### Noun

機關
* government organization; institution; institute; organ; agency; body; authority (Classifier: 個／个 m)
    金融機關／金融机关 ― jīnróng jīguān ― financial institution
    慈善機關／慈善机关 ― císhàn jīguān ― charitable organisation
    研究機關／研究机关 ― yánjiū jīguān ― research institute
    司法機關／司法机关 ― sīfǎ jīguān ― judicial authorities
    民政機關／民政机关 ― mínzhèng jīguān ― civil administration organ
    機關幹部／机关干部 ― jīguān gànbù ― government officer
    最高立法機關／最高立法机关 ― zuìgāo lìfǎ jīguān ― top legislative body
* mechanism (Classifier: 個／个 m)
    啟動機關／启动机关 ― qǐdòng jīguān ― starting mechanism
* (figurative) scheme; intrigue

#### Synonyms

* (scheme):
* 圖謀／图谋 (túmóu)
* 心機／心机 (xīnjī)
* 招 (figurative)
* 攻略 (gōnglüè)
* 機謀／机谋 (jīmóu) (formal)
* 策略 (cèlüè)
* 計策／计策 (jìcè)
* 計謀／计谋 (jìmóu)
* 謀略／谋略 (móulüè)
* 鈐／钤 (qián) (literary, or in compounds)

### Adjective

機關
* (attributive) machine-operated

### Derived terms

* 國家機關／国家机关 (guójiā jīguān)
* 外交代表機關／外交代表机关 (wàijiāo dàibiǎo jīguān)
* 機關刊物／机关刊物 (jīguān kānwù)
* 機關報／机关报 (jīguānbào)
* 機關槍／机关枪 (jīguānqiāng)
* 機關炮／机关炮 (jīguānpào)
* 機關算盡／机关算尽
* 稅務機關／税务机关 (shuìwù jīguān)
* 立法機關／立法机关 (lìfǎ jīguān)
* 自治機關／自治机关 (zìzhì jīguān)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 機(き)関(かん) (kikan)
* → Korean: 기관(機關) (gigwan)
* → Vietnamese: cơ quan (機關)
Others:
* → Zhuang: gihgvanh

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 機 | 關 |
| き Grade: 4 | かん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 機關 – see the following entry. :
| 【機関きかん】 | [noun] engine, machine [noun] body organ [noun] organization, institute, agency, authority, establishment [noun] facility |
(This term, 機關, is the kyūjitai of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 機 | 關 |

### Noun

機關 • (gigwan) (hangeul 기관)
* hanja form of 기관 (“engine; machine; agency”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 機 | 關 |

### Noun

機關
* chữ Hán form of cơ quan (“organ”).