# 無禮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wúlǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄌㄧˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mou$^4$ lai$^5$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ù-lā̤
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bô-lé
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wúlǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄌㄧˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wúlǐ
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^2$-li$^3$
*** Yale: wú-lǐ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wulii
*** Palladius: ули (uli)
*** Sinological IPA : /u³⁵ li²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$無理／无理 無禮／无礼
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mou$^4$ lai$^5$
*** Yale: mòuh láih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mou$^4$ lai$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mou$^4$ lei$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /mou̯²¹ lɐi̯¹³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ù-lā̤
*** Sinological IPA : /u⁵³⁻³³ l̃ɛ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bô-lé
*** Tâi-lô: bô-lé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boilea
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bo²⁴⁻²² le⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bo²⁴⁻²² le⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bo¹³⁻²² le⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bo²⁴⁻¹¹ le⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɤ²³⁻³³ le⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: mju lejX
Rime :
| Character | 無 | 禮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 齊 (39) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 武夫切 | 盧啓切 |
| Baxter | mju | lejX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨo/ | /lei$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mio/ | /lei$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mio/ | /lɛi$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muə̆/ | /lɛj$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /mio/ | /lei$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭu/ | /liei$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯u/ | /liei$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wú | lǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^4$ | lai$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ma|mo [r]ˤijʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ma riːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 無 | 無 | 無 | 禮 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wú | wú | wú | lǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mju › | ‹ mju › | ‹ mju › | ‹ lej$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ | /*ma/ | /*mo/ | /*[r]ˁijʔ/ |
| English | not have | volitional prefix | don’t | propriety, ceremony |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 無 | 禮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13117 | 7839 |
| Phonetic component | 無 | 豊 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 無 | 禮 |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ | /*riːʔ/ |

### Verb

無禮
* (formal) to lack courtesy; to show disrespect
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE, translation from Zuozhuan: Commentary on the "Spring and Autumn Annals" (2017), by Stephen Durrant, Wai-yee Li and David Schaberg
    Jìnrén jù qí wúlǐ yú gōng yě, qǐng gǎi méng. Gōng rú Jìn, jí Jìnhóu méng. [Pinyin]
    The Jin leaders were afraid they had not behaved with the proper ritual toward our lord and asked to change the covenant. Our lord went to Jin and swore a covenant with the Prince of Jin.

### Adjective

無禮
* (formal) impolite; discourteous; disrespectful
    傲慢無禮／傲慢无礼 ― àomàn wúlǐ ― to be arrogant and disrespectful
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Xiàng shǔ yǒu tǐ, rén ér wúlǐ; rén ér wúlǐ, hú bù chuán sǐ? [Pinyin]
    Look at a rat, - it has its limbs; But a man shall be without any rules of propriety. If a man observe no rules of propriety, Why does he not quickly die?

#### Synonyms

* 不敬 (bùjìng)

#### Antonyms

* 有禮／有礼 (yǒulǐ)

### Derived terms

* 傲慢無禮／傲慢无礼 (àomànwúlǐ)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 無 | 禮 |

### Noun

無禮 • (murye) (hangeul 무례)
* hanja form of 무례 (“impoliteness, rudeness, disrespect”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 無 | 禮 |

### Noun

無禮
* chữ Hán form of vô lễ (“impoliteness, disrespect”).