# 三代
## Chinese

* 三代

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sāndài
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄢ ㄉㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): saam$^1$ doi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sāndài
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄢ ㄉㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sandài
*** Wade–Giles: san$^1$-tai$^4$
*** Yale: sān-dài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sanday
*** Palladius: саньдай (sanʹdaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /sän⁵⁵ taɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saam$^1$ doi$^6$
*** Yale: sāam doih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saam$^1$ doi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sam$^1$ doi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːm⁵⁵ tɔːi̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: sam dojH
Rime :
| Character | 三 | 代 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 談 (143) | 咍 (41) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 蘇甘切 | 徒耐切 |
| Baxter | sam | dojH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sɑm/ | /dʌi$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sɑm/ | /dəi$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɑm/ | /dɒi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sam/ | /dəj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /sɑm/ | /dᴀi$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /sɑm/ | /dɒi$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /sɑm/ | /dʱɑ̆i$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sān | dài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | saam$^1$ | doi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*s.rum lˤək-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*suːm l'ɯːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 三 | 代 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sān | dài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sam › | ‹ doj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*s.rum/ (*s.r- > s-; infl. by 四 *s-?) | /*lˁək-s/ |
| English | three | replace |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 三 | 代 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 10963 | 14963 |
| Phonetic component | 三 | 弋 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 代 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 三 | 代 |
| Old Chinese | /*suːm/ | /*l'ɯːɡs/ |

### Proper noun

三代
* (historical) the Three Dynasties: a collective name for the pre-imperial dynasties of Xia, Shang and Zhou
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE
    Zì sāndài yǐxià zhě, tiānxià hé qí xiāoxiāo yě? [Pinyin]
    From the Three Dynasties up to now, how full of commotion the world has been!

#### See also

Dynasties (朝代) in Chinese history :
| Name | Time period | Divisions | Divisions |
| Xia 夏 (～朝, ～代) | 2070 – 1600 BCE | | |
| Shang 商 (～朝, ～代) 殷 (～朝, ～代) | 1600 – 1046 BCE | | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Western Zhou 西周 | |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周／东周 | Spring and Autumn period 春秋 |
| Zhou 周 (～朝, ～代) | 1046 – 256 BCE | Eastern Zhou 東周／东周 | Warring States period 戰國／战国 |
| Qin 秦 (～朝, ～代) | 221 – 206 BCE | | |
| Han 漢／汉 (～朝, ～代) | 206 BCE – 220 C.E. | Western Han 西漢／西汉 | Western Han 西漢／西汉 |
| Xin 新 (～朝) ||
| Eastern Han 東漢／东汉 ||
| Three Kingdoms 三國／三国 | 220 – 280 C.E. | Wei 魏 | Wei 魏 |
| Shu Han 蜀漢／蜀汉 ||
| Wu 吳／吴 ||
| Jin 晉／晋 (～朝, ～代) | 265 – 420 C.E. | Western Jin 西晉／西晋 | Western Jin 西晉／西晋 |
| Eastern Jin 東晉／东晋 ||
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Wei 北魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Western Wei 西魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Eastern Wei 東魏／东魏 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Zhou 北周 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Northern dynasties 北朝 | Northern Qi 北齊／北齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liu Song 劉宋／刘宋 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Southern Qi 南齊／南齐 |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Liang 梁 (～朝, ～代) |
| Southern and Northern dynasties 南北朝 | 420 – 589 C.E. | Southern dynasties 南朝 | Chen 陳／陈 (～朝, ～代) |
| Sui 隋 (～朝, ～代) | 581 – 618 C.E. | | |
| Tang 唐 (～朝, ～代) | 618 – 907 C.E. | | |
| Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms 五代十國／五代十国 | 907 – 960 C.E. | | |
| Liao 遼／辽 (～朝, ～代) | 907 – 1125 C.E. | | |
| Song 宋 (～朝, ～代) | 960 – 1279 C.E. | Northern Song 北宋 | Northern Song 北宋 |
| Southern Song 南宋 ||
| Western Xia 西夏 | 1038 – 1227 C.E. | | |
| Jin 金 (～朝, ～代) | 1115 – 1234 C.E. | | |
| Western Liao 西遼／西辽 | 1124 – 1218 C.E. | | |
| Yuan 元 (～朝, ～代) | 1271 – 1368 C.E. | | |
| Ming 明 (～朝, ～代) | 1368 – 1644 C.E. | | |
| Qing 清 (～朝, ～代) | 1636 – 1912 C.E. | | |

### Noun

三代
* three generations (of a family)
* great-grandfather, grandfather and father

#### Derived terms

* 三代同堂