# 解放
## Chinese

* 解放 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 解放區 (Cantonese)
* Kái-hòng (Southern Min)

### Etymology

Wasei kango (和製漢語), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 解放(かいほう) (kaihō)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiěfàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄈㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaai$^2$ fong$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kié-fong / kiái-fong
* Eastern Min (BUC): gāi-huóng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kái-hòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): goi$^2$ huang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$cia-faon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiěfàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˇ ㄈㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiěfàng
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^3$-fang$^4$
*** Yale: jyě-fàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieefanq
*** Palladius: цзефан (czefan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹ fɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaai$^2$ fong$^3$
*** Yale: gáai fong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaai$^2$ fong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gai$^2$ fong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːi̯³⁵ fɔːŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kié-fong
*** Hakka Romanization System: gie$^ˋ$ fong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gie$^3$ fong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯e³¹ foŋ⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiái-fong
*** Hakka Romanization System: giai$^ˋ$ fong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giai$^3$ fong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯ai̯³¹ foŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gāi-huóng
*** Sinological IPA : /kai³³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(h-)}$uɔŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kái-hòng
*** Tâi-lô: kái-hòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kay'hoxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kai⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hɔŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: goi$^2$ huang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kói huàng
*** Sinological IPA : /koi⁵²⁻³⁵ huaŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cia-faon
*** MiniDict: cia$^去$ faon
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$jia-faan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕia³³ fɑ̃⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: keaX pjangH
Rime :
| Character | 解 | 放 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 佳 (31) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 佳買切 | 甫妄切 |
| Baxter | keaX | pjangH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠɛ$^X$/ | /pʉɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚæ$^X$/ | /pʷiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kæi$^X$/ | /piuɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨj$^X$/ | /puaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kɛ$^X$/ | /piuaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kai$^X$/ | /pĭwaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kai$^X$/ | /piwaŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiǎ | fàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaai$^2$ | fong$^3$ |

### Verb

解放
* (ergative) to liberate; to emancipate; to free
    思想解放 ― sīxiǎng jiěfàng ― ideological emancipation
* (Mainland China, specifically, of the People's Republic of China) to overthrow Kuomintang rule on October 1, 1949
    From: 1952, 改革和發展建築業的新動力, in 《蘇長有先進砌磚法及其他》, page 5, originally published in 《工人日報》 (Workers' Daily)
    Yǐzhì quánguó jiěfàng le liǎng nián yǐhòu de jīntiān, háiyǒu xǔduō fēngjiàn cányú shìlì, zhàn zài jiànzhù gōngrén qúnzhòng tóushang, zuòwēizuòfú. [Pinyin]
    Such that even two years after the national liberation, many remaining feudal factions are still able to abuse their power on the masses and the workers.
    From: 1957, 杨兆龙, 我国重要法典何以迟迟还不颁布——社会主义建设中的立法问题, in 《政法界右派分子谬论汇集》, page 60, originally published in 《新闻日报》
    bǎ jiěfàng le bā nián de zhōngguó hái dāngzuò yī ge jīběnshàng méiyǒu shàngguǐdào de, xūyào yòng shénme tèbié fāngshì lái zhìlǐ de guójiā [Pinyin]
    Treating China liberated after 8 years as a country basically not on track, and should be governed by some special methods.
    From: 1983, 朱宜初, 谈民族民间文学的人民性和民族性, in 《云南少数民族文学论集》, page 40
    Wǒguó yǒu wǔshí duō ge shǎoshù mínzú, jiěfàng qián, tāmen de shèhuì fāzhǎn jiēduàn shì bùtóng de [Pinyin]
    China has over fifty ethnic minorities. Before Liberation, they differed in their stages of social development
    From: 2011, 谭松, 因真话惹祸，靠假话获益——金践之, in 《长寿湖——一九五七年重庆長寿湖右派采访录》, page 138
    Jiěfàng nà nián wǒ jìn le gòngchǎndǎng de zhuānzhèng bùmén — gōng'ānjú. [Pinyin]
    During the year of liberation, I entered the Communist Party's totalitarian agency — the public security bureau

### Proper noun

解放
* (～區) Jiefang (a district of Jiaozuo, Henan, China)
* (～社區) Jiefang (a residential community of Lucheng, Yidu, Yichang, Hubei, China)

### Derived terms

* 動物解放／动物解放 (dòngwù jiěfàng)
* 性解放 (xìngjiěfàng)
* 解放區／解放区 (jiěfàngqū)
* 解放戰爭／解放战争 (Jiěfàng Zhànzhēng)
* 解放神學／解放神学 (jiěfàngshénxué)
* 解放路 (Jiěfànglù)
* 解放軍／解放军 (jiěfàngjūn)
* 解放鞋 (jiěfàngxié)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 解放(かいほう) (kaihō)
* → Korean: 해방(解放) (haebang)
* → Vietnamese: giải phóng (解放)
Others:
* → Zhuang: gaijfang

### See also

* 敁放

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 解 | 放 |
| かい Grade: 5 | ほう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かいほー [kàíhóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠iho̞ː]

### Noun

解(かい)放(ほう) • (kaihō)
* liberation, absolution

#### Antonyms

* 束縛(そくばく) (sokubaku): restraint
* 制約(せいやく) (seiyaku): limit

### Verb

解(かい)放(ほう)する • (kaihō suru) transitive suru (stem 解(かい)放(ほう)し (kaihō shi), past 解(かい)放(ほう)した (kaihō shita))
* to release, to unleash, to set free, to absolve
    ストレスから解放(かいほう)される
       sutoresu kara kaihō sareru
       be released from stress

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 解放し | かいほうし | kaihō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 解放し | かいほうし | kaihō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 解放する | かいほうする | kaihō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 解放する | かいほうする | kaihō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 解放すれ | かいほうすれ | kaihō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 解放せよ¹ 解放しろ² | かいほうせよ¹ かいほうしろ² | kaihō seyo¹ kaihō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 解放される | かいほうされる | kaihō sareru |
| Causative | 解放させる 解放さす | かいほうさせる かいほうさす | kaihō saseru kaihō sasu |
| Potential | 解放できる | かいほうできる | kaihō dekiru |
| Volitional | 解放しよう | かいほうしよう | kaihō shiyō |
| Negative | 解放しない | かいほうしない | kaihō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 解放せず | かいほうせず | kaihō sezu |
| Formal | 解放します | かいほうします | kaihō shimasu |
| Perfective | 解放した | かいほうした | kaihō shita |
| Conjunctive | 解放して | かいほうして | kaihō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 解放すれば | かいほうすれば | kaihō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 解 | 放 |

### Noun

解放 • (haebang) (hangeul 해방)
* hanja form of 해방 (“liberation; independence”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 解 | 放 |

### Verb

解放
* chữ Hán form of giải phóng (“to liberate; to free; to emancipate”).