# ⲡⲱⲣⳉ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲫⲱⲣϣ (phōrš) — Bohairic
* ⲡⲱⲣϣ (pōrš) — Sahidic, Lycopolitan, Fayyumic

### Etymology

From Egyptian prš (“to scatter”)

### Verb

ⲡⲱⲣⳉ • (pōrx) (nominal state ⲡⲣⳉ-, pronominal state ⲡⲁⲣⳉ⸗, stative ⲡⲁⲣⳉ)
* (Akhmimic, intransitive) to be spread
* (Akhmimic, transitive) to spread

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲡⲱⲣⳉ pōrx | imperative | affirmative | ⲡⲱⲣⳉ pōrx |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ tm̄pōrx, tm̄n̄pōrx | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄n̄pōrx |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲡⲱⲣⳉ tipōrx | ⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ kpōrx | ⲧⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ tepōrx | ϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ fpōrx | ⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ spōrx | ⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ tn̄pōrx | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ tetn̄pōrx | ⲥⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ sepōrx | ⲡⲱⲣⳉ pōrx |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ eïpōrx | ⲉⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ ekpōrx | ⲉⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ erepōrx | ⲉϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ efpōrx | ⲉⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ espōrx | ⲉⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ enpōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etetn̄pōrx | ⲉⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ eupōrx | ⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ e- pōrx, ere- pōrx |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲡⲱⲣⳉ etipōrx | ⲉⲧⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ etkpōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ etepōrx, eterepōrx | ⲉⲧϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ etfpōrx | ⲉⲧⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ etspōrx | ⲉⲧⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ etnpōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etetn̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ etoupōrx | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ ete- pōrx, etere- pōrx |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ naïpōrx | ⲛⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ nakpōrx | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ narepōrx | ⲛⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ nafpōrx | ⲛⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ naspōrx | ⲛⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ nanpōrx | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ natetn̄pōrx | ⲛⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ naupōrx | ⲛⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ na- pōrx, nare- pōrx |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲡⲱⲣⳉ aipōrx | ⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ akpōrx | ⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ arepōrx | ⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ afpōrx | ⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ aspōrx | ⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ anpōrx | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ aretenpōrx | ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ aupōrx | ⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲁⲣ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ a- pōrx, ar- pōrx, are- pōrx |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ tinapōrx | ⲕⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ knapōrx | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ tenapōrx | ϥⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ fnapōrx | ⲥⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ snapōrx | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ tn̄napōrx | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ tetnapōrx | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ senapōrx | ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ napōrx |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ eïnapōrx | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ eknapōrx | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ erenapōrx | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ efnapōrx | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ esnapōrx | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ ennapōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ etetnapōrx | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ eunapōrx | ⲉ- ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ e- napōrx |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ etinapōrx | ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ etknapōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ etenapōrx, eterenapōrx | ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ etfnapōrx | ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ etsnapōrx | ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ etnnapōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ etetnapōrx | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ etounapōrx | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ ete- napōrx |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ naïnapōrx | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ naknapōrx | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ narenapōrx | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ nafnapōrx | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ nasnapōrx | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ nannapōrx | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ netetnapōrx | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ naunapōrx | ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ na- napōrx |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ ainapōrx | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ aknapōrx, eknapōrx | ⲁⲣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ arapōrx | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ afnapōrx | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ asnapōrx | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ annapōrx | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ aretennapōrx | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ aunapōrx | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ a- napōrx, are- napōrx |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ aïpōrx | ⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ akpōrx | ⲁⲣⲡⲱⲣⳉ arpōrx | ⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ afpōrx | ⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ aspōrx | ⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ anpōrx | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ atetn̄pōrx | ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ aupōrx | ⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ a- pōrx |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄pipōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄pk̄pōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄pepōrx, m̄pr̄pōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄pf̄pōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄ps̄pōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄pn̄pōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄petn̄pōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄poupōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄pe- pōrx |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ eaïpōrx | ⲉⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ eakpōrx | ⲉⲁⲣⲡⲱⲣⳉ earpōrx | ⲉⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ eafpōrx | ⲉⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ easpōrx | ⲉⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ eanpōrx | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ eatetn̄pōrx | ⲉⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ eaupōrx | ⲉⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ ea- pōrx |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄pipōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄pk̄pōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄pepōrx, em̄pr̄pōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄pf̄pōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄ps̄pōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄pn̄pōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄petn̄pōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄poupōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄pe- pōrx |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etaïpōrx | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ etakpōrx | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲡⲱⲣⳉ etarpōrx | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ etafpōrx | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ etaspōrx | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ etanpōrx | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etatetn̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ etaupōrx | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ eta- pōrx |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄pipōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄pk̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄pepōrx, etem̄pr̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄pf̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄ps̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄pn̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄petn̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄poupōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄pe- pōrx |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ neaïpōrx | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ neakpōrx | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲡⲱⲣⳉ nearpōrx | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ neafpōrx | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ neaspōrx | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ neanpōrx | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ neatetn̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ neaupōrx | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nea- pōrx |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄pipōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄pk̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄pepōrx, nem̄pr̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄pf̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄ps̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄pn̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄petn̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄poupōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄pe- pōrx |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ naïpōrx | ⲛⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ nakpōrx | ⲛⲁⲣⲡⲱⲣⳉ narpōrx | ⲛⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ nafpōrx | ⲛⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ naspōrx | ⲛⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ nanpōrx | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ natetn̄pōrx | ⲛⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ naupōrx | ⲛⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ na- pōrx |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄patipōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄patk̄pōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄patepōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄patf̄pōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄pats̄pōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄patn̄pōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄patetn̄pōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄patoupōrx | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ m̄pate- pōrx |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄patipōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄patk̄pōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄patepōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄patf̄pōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄pats̄pōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄patn̄pōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄patetn̄pōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄patoupōrx | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ em̄pate- pōrx |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄patipōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄patk̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄patepōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄patf̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄pats̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄patn̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄patetn̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄patoupōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etem̄pate- pōrx |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄patipōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄patk̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄patepōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄patf̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄pats̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄patn̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄patetn̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄patoupōrx | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nem̄pate- pōrx |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ xareïpōrx | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ xarekpōrx | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ xarepōrx | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ xarefpōrx | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ xarespōrx | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ xarenpōrx | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ xaretetn̄pōrx | ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ xaroupōrx | ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ xare- pōrx |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ maïpōrx | ⲙⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ makpōrx | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ marepōrx | ⲙⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ mafpōrx | ⲙⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ maspōrx | ⲙⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ manpōrx | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ matetn̄pōrx | ⲙⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ maupōrx | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲙⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ mare- pōrx, ma- pōrx |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ exareïpōrx | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ exarekpōrx | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ exarepōrx | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ exarefpōrx | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ exarespōrx | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ exarenpōrx | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ exaretetn̄pōrx | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ exaroupōrx | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ exare- pōrx |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ emaïpōrx | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ emakpōrx | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ emarepōrx | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ emafpōrx | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ emaspōrx | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ emanpōrx | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ ematetn̄pōrx | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ emaupōrx | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ emare- pōrx, ema- pōrx |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etexareïpōrx, etxareïpōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ etexarekpōrx, etxarekpōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ etexarepōrx, etxarepōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ etexarefpōrx, etxarefpōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ etexarespōrx, etxarespōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ etexarenpōrx, etxarenpōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etexaretetn̄pōrx, etxaretetn̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ etexaroupōrx, etxaroupōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etexare- pōrx, etxare- pōrx |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etemaïpōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ etemakpōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ etemarepōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ etemafpōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ etemaspōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ etemanpōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etematetn̄pōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ etemaupōrx | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ etemare- pōrx, etema- pōrx |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nexareïpōrx | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ nexarekpōrx | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ nexarepōrx | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ nexarefpōrx | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ nexarespōrx | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ nexarenpōrx | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nexaretetn̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ nexaroupōrx | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nexare- pōrx |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nemaïpōrx | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ nemakpōrx | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ nemarepōrx | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ nemafpōrx | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ nemaspōrx | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ nemanpōrx | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nematetn̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ nemaupōrx | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ nemare- pōrx, nema- pōrx |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ amaïpōrx | ⲁⲙⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ amakpōrx | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ amarepōrx | ⲁⲙⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ amafpōrx | ⲁⲙⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ amaspōrx | ⲁⲙⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ amanpōrx | ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ amatetn̄pōrx | ⲁⲙⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ amaupōrx | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲙⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ amare- pōrx, ma- pōrx |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ aïapōrx | ⲁⲕⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ akapōrx | ⲁⲣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ arapōrx | ⲁϥⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ afapōrx | ⲁⲥⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ asapōrx | ⲁⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ anapōrx | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ atetnapōrx | ⲁⲩⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ auapōrx | ⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ a- pōrx |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲛⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ napōrx, enapōrx | ⲛⲉⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ nekpōrx, enekpōrx | ⲛⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ nepōrx, enepōrx | ⲛⲉϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ nefpōrx, enefpōrx | ⲛⲉⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ nespōrx, enespōrx | ⲛⲉⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ nenpōrx, enenpōrx | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ netn̄pōrx, enetn̄pōrx | ⲛⲉⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ neupōrx, eneupōrx | ⲛⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ ne- pōrx |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲡⲱⲣⳉ maripōrx | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ marefpōrx | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ marespōrx | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ marn̄pōrx | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ maroupōrx | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ mare- pōrx |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ mn̄tapōrx | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ mn̄tf̄pōrx | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ mn̄ts̄pōrx | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ mn̄tn̄pōrx | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ mn̄toupōrx | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ mn̄te- pōrx |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ tapōrx | ⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ kpōrx | ⲧⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ tepōrx | ϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ fpōrx, n̄tfpōrx | ⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ spōrx | ⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ tn̄pōrx | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ tetn̄pōrx | ⲥⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲥⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ sepōrx, soupōrx | ⲧⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ te- pōrx |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲡⲱⲣⳉ taripōrx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ tarekpōrx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ tarepōrx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ tarefpōrx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ tarespōrx | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ tarn̄pōrx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ taretetn̄pōrx | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ taroupōrx | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ tare- pōrx |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲡⲱⲣⳉ n̄taripōrx, taripōrx | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ n̄tarekpōrx, tarekpōrx | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ n̄tarepōrx, tarepōrx | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ n̄tarefpōrx, tarefpōrx | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ n̄tarespōrx, tarespōrx | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ n̄tarn̄pōrx, tarn̄pōrx | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ n̄taretn̄pōrx, taretn̄pōrx | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ n̄taroupōrx, taroupōrx | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ n̄tare- pōrx, tare- pōrx |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲡⲱⲣⳉ šatipōrx | ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ šatk̄pōrx | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ šatepōrx | ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ šatf̄pōrx | ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ šats̄pōrx | ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ šatn̄pōrx | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ šatetn̄pōrx | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ šatoupōrx | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ šate- pōrx |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ aïšapōrx, eïšapōrx | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ akšapōrx, ekšapōrx | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ arešapōrx, erešapōrx | ⲁϥϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉϥϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ afšapōrx, efšapōrx | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ asšapōrx, esšapōrx | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ anšapōrx, enšapōrx | ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ ašatetn̄pōrx, ešatetn̄pōrx | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⲡⲱⲣⳉ aušapōrx, eušapōrx | ⲁϣⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ aša- pōrx, eša- pōrx |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓ̈ⲡⲱⲣⳉ aïpōrx | ⲁⲕⲡⲱⲣⳉ akpōrx | ⲁⲣⲉⲡⲱⲣⳉ arepōrx | ⲁϥⲡⲱⲣⳉ afpōrx | ⲁⲥⲡⲱⲣⳉ aspōrx | ⲁⲛⲡⲱⲣⳉ anpōrx | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲡⲱⲣⳉ atetn̄pōrx | ⲁⲩⲡⲱⲣⳉ aupōrx | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲡⲱⲣⳉ are- pōrx |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- |