# 竅

| 竅 | U+7AC5, &#31429; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7AC5 |
| ← 竄 [U+7AC4] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 竆 → [U+7AC6] |

## Translingual
### Han character

竅 (Kangxi radical 116, 穴+13, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十金竹尸大 (JCHSK), four-corner 3024$_8$, composition ⿱穴敫)

#### Derived characters

* 𨇶

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 869, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25680
* Dae Jaweon: page 1298, character 16
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2744, character 9
* Unihan data for U+7AC5

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 礉 | *kʰreːw, *kʰreːwɢs |
| 邀 | *qlew, *kleːw |
| 憿 | *kleːw |
| 徼 | *kleːw, *kleːwɢs |
| 儌 | *kleːwʔ, *kleːwʔ |
| 璬 | *kleːwʔ |
| 皦 | *kleːwʔ |
| 繳 | *kleːwʔ, *kljewɢ, *ɡreːɡ |
| 敫 | *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ |
| 譥 | *kleːwɢs |
| 激 | *kleːwɢs, *kleːwɢ |
| 噭 | *kleːwɢs |
| 獥 | *kleːwɢs, *kleːwɢ, *ɡleːwɢ |
| 鸄 | *kleːwɢs, *kleːwɢ, *ɡleːwɢ |
| 墽 | *kʰleːw |
| 竅 | *kʰleːwɢs |
| 覈 | *ɡleːd, *ɡreːɡ |
| 燩 | *kʰreːwɢ, *kʰleːwɢ |
| 檄 | *ɡleːwɢ |
| 薂 | *ɡleːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰleːwɢs) : semantic 穴 (“cave”) + phonetic 敫 (OC *kleːwɢs, *ɢlewɢ, *kleːwɢ).

### Etymology

Possibly Sino-Tibetan. Compare Burmese ချောက် (hkyauk, “chasm, gulf”); alternative or additionally, 竅 (OC *kʰleːwɢs) is k-prefixed nominal derivation of 窕 (OC *l'eːwʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiào (qiao$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄠˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hiu$^3$ / kiu$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khieu
* Jin (Wiktionary): qiau$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khiàu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kiao$^3$ / kiou$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciào
*** Wade–Giles: chʻiao$^4$
*** Yale: chyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiaw
*** Palladius: цяо (cjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hiu$^3$ / kiu$^3$
*** Yale: hiu / kiu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hiu$^3$ / kiu$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hiu$^3$ / kiu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiːu̯³³/, /kʰiːu̯³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khieu
*** Hakka Romanization System: kieu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kieu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯eu̯⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: qiau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰiau⁴⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiàu
*** Tâi-lô: khiàu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiaux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰiau²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰiau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiau²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰiau¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiau²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kiao$^3$ / kiou$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiàu / khiòu
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰiau²¹³/, /kʰiou²¹³/
* kiao3 - Shantou;
* kiou3 - Chaozhou.
* Middle Chinese: khewH
Rime :
| Character | 竅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 蕭 (93) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 苦弔切 |
| Baxter | khewH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰeu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰeu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰeu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰɛw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰeu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰieu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰieu$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qiào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hiu$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʰˤewk-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰleːwɢs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 竅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qiào |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khew$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ʰˁewk-s/ |
| English | hole, opening |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 竅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6399 |
| Phonetic component | 敫 |
| Rime group | 豹 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 竅 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰleːwɢs/ |

#### Definitions

竅
* hole, aperture
* idea; knack; key (to a problem)

#### Compounds

* 一竅不通／一窍不通 (yīqiàobùtōng)
* 七竅／七窍 (qīqiào)
* 七竅生煙／七窍生烟
* 不識竅／不识窍
* 中竅／中窍
* 九竅／九窍
* 孔竅／孔窍
* 得竅／得窍
* 心竅／心窍 (xīnqiào)
* 有竅／有窍
* 歸竅／归窍
* 痰迷心竅／痰迷心窍
* 知竅／知窍
* 萬竅／万窍
* 竅門／窍门 (qiàomén)
* 訣竅／诀窍 (juéqiào)
* 財迷心竅／财迷心窍 (cáimíxīnqiào)
* 迷了心竅／迷了心窍
* 通竅／通窍 (tōngqiào)
* 鑿竅／凿窍
* 開竅／开窍 (kāiqiào)
* 關竅／关窍
* 餘竅／余窍
* 鬼迷心竅／鬼迷心窍 (guǐmíxīnqiào)
* 鬼頭關竅／鬼头关窍

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khiò
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khiò
*** Tâi-lô: khiò
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qioix
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰio²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰio⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰio²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰio¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɤ²¹/

#### Definitions

竅
* (Hokkien) magic; sorcery
    做竅害儂／做窍害侬 ― chòe/chò-khiò hāi-lâng ― to harm people with sorcery
    信竅／信窍 ― sìn khiò ― to believe in magic

### References

* “竅”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): きょう (kyō)
* Kun: あな (ana)

## Korean
### Hanja

竅 • (gyu) (hangeul 규, revised gyu, McCune–Reischauer kyu, Yale kyu)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.