# 窄める
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 窄
* すぼ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
Japanese verb pair :
| active | 窄(すぼ)める |
| mediopassive | 窄(すぼ)まる |

### Etymology 1

The transitive form of 窄む (subomu, “to become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up”), from the adjective 窄い (suboi, “tapered, pulled together, scrunched up”) + verb suffix む (mu, “to be like, to become like”).
Root stem /subo-/ is semantically and phonetically similar to root /ɕibo/ (a pucker or wrinkle; see 皺 (shibo)).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) すぼめる [sùbómérú] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) すぼめる [sùbóméꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [sɨbo̞me̞ɾɯ̟]

#### Verb

窄(すぼ)める • (subomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 窄(すぼ)め (subome), past 窄(すぼ)めた (subometa))
* to make something become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up:
** to shut or fold (an umbrella)
** to shrug (one's shoulders)
** to pucker or purse (one's lips)

##### Usage notes

/subomeru/ and /tsubomeru/ are mostly identical, differing in connotation: /subomeru/ implies bringing together or scrunching up something that was broad and spreading, as in cloth or one's mouth; whereas /tsubomeru/ implies closing down or narrowing something that was open wide, as an umbrella. This distinction is minor, however.

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 窄め | すぼめ | subome |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 窄め | すぼめ | subome |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 窄める | すぼめる | subomeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 窄める | すぼめる | subomeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 窄めれ | すぼめれ | subomere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 窄めよ¹ 窄めろ² | すぼめよ¹ すぼめろ² | subomeyo¹ subomero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 窄められる | すぼめられる | subomerareru |
| Causative | 窄めさせる 窄めさす | すぼめさせる すぼめさす | subomesaseru subomesasu |
| Potential | 窄められる 窄めれる³ | すぼめられる すぼめれる³ | subomerareru subomereru³ |
| Volitional | 窄めよう | すぼめよう | subomeyō |
| Negative | 窄めない 窄めぬ 窄めん | すぼめない すぼめぬ すぼめん | subomenai subomenu subomen |
| Negative continuative | 窄めず | すぼめず | subomezu |
| Formal | 窄めます | すぼめます | subomemasu |
| Perfective | 窄めた | すぼめた | subometa |
| Conjunctive | 窄めて | すぼめて | subomete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 窄めれば | すぼめれば | subomereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

##### See also

* 窄(すぼ)まる (subomaru): to become tapered, pulled together, scrunched up

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 窄
* つぼ Jinmeiyō
* kun'yomi
Japanese verb pair :
| active | 窄(つぼ)める |
| mediopassive | 窄(つぼ)まる |
The transitive form of 窄む (tsubomu, “to be narrowed, scrunched up”), probably as a shift from /subomu/ influenced by 蕾む / 莟む (tsubomu, “to form a bud”), ultimately from root /t͡subo/ (a container, a vessel)　+ verb suffix む (mu, “to be like, to become like”): see 壺 (tsubo, “a vessel, a basin, a container”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つぼめる [tsùbómérú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨbo̞me̞ɾɯ̟]

#### Verb

窄(つぼ)める • (tsubomeru) transitive ichidan (stem 窄(つぼ)め (tsubome), past 窄(つぼ)めた (tsubometa))
* to narrow something, to scrunch something up:
** to shut or fold (an umbrella)
** to shrug (one's shoulders)
** to pucker or purse (one's lips)

##### Usage notes

/subomeru/ and /tsubomeru/ are mostly identical, differing in connotation: /subomeru/ implies bringing together or scrunching up something that was broad and spreading, as in cloth or one's mouth; whereas /tsubomeru/ implies closing down or narrowing something that was open wide, as an umbrella. This distinction is minor, however.

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 窄め | つぼめ | tsubome |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 窄め | つぼめ | tsubome |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 窄める | つぼめる | tsubomeru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 窄める | つぼめる | tsubomeru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 窄めれ | つぼめれ | tsubomere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 窄めよ¹ 窄めろ² | つぼめよ¹ つぼめろ² | tsubomeyo¹ tsubomero² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 窄められる | つぼめられる | tsubomerareru |
| Causative | 窄めさせる 窄めさす | つぼめさせる つぼめさす | tsubomesaseru tsubomesasu |
| Potential | 窄められる 窄めれる³ | つぼめられる つぼめれる³ | tsubomerareru tsubomereru³ |
| Volitional | 窄めよう | つぼめよう | tsubomeyō |
| Negative | 窄めない 窄めぬ 窄めん | つぼめない つぼめぬ つぼめん | tsubomenai tsubomenu tsubomen |
| Negative continuative | 窄めず | つぼめず | tsubomezu |
| Formal | 窄めます | つぼめます | tsubomemasu |
| Perfective | 窄めた | つぼめた | tsubometa |
| Conjunctive | 窄めて | つぼめて | tsubomete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 窄めれば | つぼめれば | tsubomereba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential ||||

##### See also

* 窄(つぼ)まる (tsubomaru): to become narrowed, pulled together, scrunched up

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN