# qhasha
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃʰaːʃa/

### Verb

-qhasha
* (intransitive) to chip, to flake off, to fly away (sparks etc.)
* (intransitive) to jump away
* (intransitive) to jump out

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuqhasha |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqhasha | ukungaqhashi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qhasha | -qhashe |
| Plural | qhashani | -qhasheni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqhasha, ngiqhasha | engiqhashayo, engiqhasha | ngiqhasha | angiqhashi | engingaqhashi | ngingaqhashi |
| 2nd singular | uyaqhasha, uqhasha | oqhashayo, oqhasha | uqhasha | awuqhashi | ongaqhashi | ungaqhashi |
| 1st plural | siyaqhasha, siqhasha | esiqhashayo, esiqhasha | siqhasha | asiqhashi | esingaqhashi | singaqhashi |
| 2nd plural | niyaqhasha, niqhasha | eniqhashayo, eniqhasha | niqhasha | aniqhashi | eningaqhashi | ningaqhashi |
| Class 1 | uyaqhasha, uqhasha | oqhashayo, oqhasha | eqhasha | akaqhashi | ongaqhashi | engaqhashi |
| Class 2 | bayaqhasha, baqhasha | abaqhashayo, abaqhasha | beqhasha | abaqhashi | abangaqhashi | bengaqhashi |
| Class 3 | uyaqhasha, uqhasha | oqhashayo, oqhasha | uqhasha | awuqhashi | ongaqhashi | ungaqhashi |
| Class 4 | iyaqhasha, iqhasha | eqhashayo, eqhasha | iqhasha | ayiqhashi | engaqhashi | ingaqhashi |
| Class 5 | liyaqhasha, liqhasha | eliqhashayo, eliqhasha | liqhasha | aliqhashi | elingaqhashi | lingaqhashi |
| Class 6 | ayaqhasha, aqhasha | aqhashayo, aqhasha | eqhasha | awaqhashi | angaqhashi | engaqhashi |
| Class 7 | siyaqhasha, siqhasha | esiqhashayo, esiqhasha | siqhasha | asiqhashi | esingaqhashi | singaqhashi |
| Class 8 | ziyaqhasha, ziqhasha | eziqhashayo, eziqhasha | ziqhasha | aziqhashi | ezingaqhashi | zingaqhashi |
| Class 9 | iyaqhasha, iqhasha | eqhashayo, eqhasha | iqhasha | ayiqhashi | engaqhashi | ingaqhashi |
| Class 10 | ziyaqhasha, ziqhasha | eziqhashayo, eziqhasha | ziqhasha | aziqhashi | ezingaqhashi | zingaqhashi |
| Class 11 | luyaqhasha, luqhasha | oluqhashayo, oluqhasha | luqhasha | aluqhashi | olungaqhashi | lungaqhashi |
| Class 14 | buyaqhasha, buqhasha | obuqhashayo, obuqhasha | buqhasha | abuqhashi | obungaqhashi | bungaqhashi |
| Class 15 | kuyaqhasha, kuqhasha | okuqhashayo, okuqhasha | kuqhasha | akuqhashi | okungaqhashi | kungaqhashi |
| Class 17 | kuyaqhasha, kuqhasha | okuqhashayo, okuqhasha | kuqhasha | akuqhashi | okungaqhashi | kungaqhashi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqhashile, ngiqhashē | engiqhashile, engiqhashē | ngiqhashile, ngiqhashē | angiqhashanga | engingaqhashanga | ngingaqhashanga |
| 2nd singular | uqhashile, uqhashē | oqhashile, oqhashē | uqhashile, uqhashē | awuqhashanga | ongaqhashanga | ungaqhashanga |
| 1st plural | siqhashile, siqhashē | esiqhashile, esiqhashē | siqhashile, siqhashē | asiqhashanga | esingaqhashanga | singaqhashanga |
| 2nd plural | niqhashile, niqhashē | eniqhashile, eniqhashē | niqhashile, niqhashē | aniqhashanga | eningaqhashanga | ningaqhashanga |
| Class 1 | uqhashile, uqhashē | oqhashile, oqhashē | eqhashile, eqhashē | akaqhashanga | ongaqhashanga | engaqhashanga |
| Class 2 | baqhashile, baqhashē | abaqhashile, abaqhashē | beqhashile, beqhashē | abaqhashanga | abangaqhashanga | bengaqhashanga |
| Class 3 | uqhashile, uqhashē | oqhashile, oqhashē | uqhashile, uqhashē | awuqhashanga | ongaqhashanga | ungaqhashanga |
| Class 4 | iqhashile, iqhashē | eqhashile, eqhashē | iqhashile, iqhashē | ayiqhashanga | engaqhashanga | ingaqhashanga |
| Class 5 | liqhashile, liqhashē | eliqhashile, eliqhashē | liqhashile, liqhashē | aliqhashanga | elingaqhashanga | lingaqhashanga |
| Class 6 | aqhashile, aqhashē | aqhashile, aqhashē | eqhashile, eqhashē | awaqhashanga | angaqhashanga | engaqhashanga |
| Class 7 | siqhashile, siqhashē | esiqhashile, esiqhashē | siqhashile, siqhashē | asiqhashanga | esingaqhashanga | singaqhashanga |
| Class 8 | ziqhashile, ziqhashē | eziqhashile, eziqhashē | ziqhashile, ziqhashē | aziqhashanga | ezingaqhashanga | zingaqhashanga |
| Class 9 | iqhashile, iqhashē | eqhashile, eqhashē | iqhashile, iqhashē | ayiqhashanga | engaqhashanga | ingaqhashanga |
| Class 10 | ziqhashile, ziqhashē | eziqhashile, eziqhashē | ziqhashile, ziqhashē | aziqhashanga | ezingaqhashanga | zingaqhashanga |
| Class 11 | luqhashile, luqhashē | oluqhashile, oluqhashē | luqhashile, luqhashē | aluqhashanga | olungaqhashanga | lungaqhashanga |
| Class 14 | buqhashile, buqhashē | obuqhashile, obuqhashē | buqhashile, buqhashē | abuqhashanga | obungaqhashanga | bungaqhashanga |
| Class 15 | kuqhashile, kuqhashē | okuqhashile, okuqhashē | kuqhashile, kuqhashē | akuqhashanga | okungaqhashanga | kungaqhashanga |
| Class 17 | kuqhashile, kuqhashē | okuqhashile, okuqhashē | kuqhashile, kuqhashē | akuqhashanga | okungaqhashanga | kungaqhashanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqhasha | engāqhasha | ngāqhasha | angiqhashanga | engingaqhashanga | ngingaqhashanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqhasha | owāqhasha | wāqhasha | awuqhashanga | ongaqhashanga | ungaqhashanga |
| 1st plural | sāqhasha | esāqhasha | sāqhasha | asiqhashanga | esingaqhashanga | singaqhashanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqhasha | enāqhasha | nāqhasha | aniqhashanga | eningaqhashanga | ningaqhashanga |
| Class 1 | wāqhasha | owāqhasha | āqhasha | akaqhashanga | ongaqhashanga | engaqhashanga |
| Class 2 | bāqhasha | abāqhasha | bāqhasha | abaqhashanga | abangaqhashanga | bengaqhashanga |
| Class 3 | wāqhasha | owāqhasha | wāqhasha | awuqhashanga | ongaqhashanga | ungaqhashanga |
| Class 4 | yāqhasha | eyāqhasha | yāqhasha | ayiqhashanga | engaqhashanga | ingaqhashanga |
| Class 5 | lāqhasha | elāqhasha | lāqhasha | aliqhashanga | elingaqhashanga | lingaqhashanga |
| Class 6 | āqhasha | āqhasha | āqhasha | awaqhashanga | angaqhashanga | engaqhashanga |
| Class 7 | sāqhasha | esāqhasha | sāqhasha | asiqhashanga | esingaqhashanga | singaqhashanga |
| Class 8 | zāqhasha | ezāqhasha | zāqhasha | aziqhashanga | ezingaqhashanga | zingaqhashanga |
| Class 9 | yāqhasha | eyāqhasha | yāqhasha | ayiqhashanga | engaqhashanga | ingaqhashanga |
| Class 10 | zāqhasha | ezāqhasha | zāqhasha | aziqhashanga | ezingaqhashanga | zingaqhashanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqhasha | olwāqhasha | lwāqhasha | aluqhashanga | olungaqhashanga | lungaqhashanga |
| Class 14 | bāqhasha | obāqhasha | bāqhasha | abuqhashanga | obungaqhashanga | bungaqhashanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqhasha | okwāqhasha | kwāqhasha | akuqhashanga | okungaqhashanga | kungaqhashanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqhasha | okwāqhasha | kwāqhasha | akuqhashanga | okungaqhashanga | kungaqhashanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqhasha | — | ngingaqhasha | ngingeqhashe | — | ngingeqhashe |
| 2nd singular | ungaqhasha | — | ungaqhasha | ungeqhashe | — | ungeqhashe |
| 1st plural | singaqhasha | — | singaqhasha | singeqhashe | — | singeqhashe |
| 2nd plural | ningaqhasha | — | ningaqhasha | ningeqhashe | — | ningeqhashe |
| Class 1 | angaqhasha | — | engaqhasha | angeqhashe | — | engeqhashe |
| Class 2 | bangaqhasha | — | bengaqhasha | bangeqhashe | — | bengeqhashe |
| Class 3 | ungaqhasha | — | ungaqhasha | ungeqhashe | — | ungeqhashe |
| Class 4 | ingaqhasha | — | ingaqhasha | ingeqhashe | — | ingeqhashe |
| Class 5 | lingaqhasha | — | lingaqhasha | lingeqhashe | — | lingeqhashe |
| Class 6 | angaqhasha | — | engaqhasha | angeqhashe | — | engeqhashe |
| Class 7 | singaqhasha | — | singaqhasha | singeqhashe | — | singeqhashe |
| Class 8 | zingaqhasha | — | zingaqhasha | zingeqhashe | — | zingeqhashe |
| Class 9 | ingaqhasha | — | ingaqhasha | ingeqhashe | — | ingeqhashe |
| Class 10 | zingaqhasha | — | zingaqhasha | zingeqhashe | — | zingeqhashe |
| Class 11 | lungaqhasha | — | lungaqhasha | lungeqhashe | — | lungeqhashe |
| Class 14 | bungaqhasha | — | bungaqhasha | bungeqhashe | — | bungeqhashe |
| Class 15 | kungaqhasha | — | kungaqhasha | kungeqhashe | — | kungeqhashe |
| Class 17 | kungaqhasha | — | kungaqhasha | kungeqhashe | — | kungeqhashe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqhasha | engizoqhasha | ngizoqhasha | angizuqhasha | engingezuqhasha | ngingezuqhasha |
| 2nd singular | uzoqhasha | ozoqhasha | uzoqhasha | awuzuqhasha | ongezuqhasha | ungezuqhasha |
| 1st plural | sizoqhasha | esizoqhasha | sizoqhasha | asizuqhasha | esingezuqhasha | singezuqhasha |
| 2nd plural | nizoqhasha | enizoqhasha | nizoqhasha | anizuqhasha | eningezuqhasha | ningezuqhasha |
| Class 1 | uzoqhasha | ozoqhasha | ezoqhasha | akazuqhasha | ongezuqhasha | engezuqhasha |
| Class 2 | bazoqhasha | abazoqhasha | bezoqhasha | abazuqhasha | abangezuqhasha | bengezuqhasha |
| Class 3 | uzoqhasha | ozoqhasha | uzoqhasha | awuzuqhasha | ongezuqhasha | ungezuqhasha |
| Class 4 | izoqhasha | ezoqhasha | izoqhasha | ayizuqhasha | engezuqhasha | ingezuqhasha |
| Class 5 | lizoqhasha | elizoqhasha | lizoqhasha | alizuqhasha | elingezuqhasha | lingezuqhasha |
| Class 6 | azoqhasha | azoqhasha | ezoqhasha | awazuqhasha | angezuqhasha | engezuqhasha |
| Class 7 | sizoqhasha | esizoqhasha | sizoqhasha | asizuqhasha | esingezuqhasha | singezuqhasha |
| Class 8 | zizoqhasha | ezizoqhasha | zizoqhasha | azizuqhasha | ezingezuqhasha | zingezuqhasha |
| Class 9 | izoqhasha | ezoqhasha | izoqhasha | ayizuqhasha | engezuqhasha | ingezuqhasha |
| Class 10 | zizoqhasha | ezizoqhasha | zizoqhasha | azizuqhasha | ezingezuqhasha | zingezuqhasha |
| Class 11 | luzoqhasha | oluzoqhasha | luzoqhasha | aluzuqhasha | olungezuqhasha | lungezuqhasha |
| Class 14 | buzoqhasha | obuzoqhasha | buzoqhasha | abuzuqhasha | obungezuqhasha | bungezuqhasha |
| Class 15 | kuzoqhasha | okuzoqhasha | kuzoqhasha | akuzuqhasha | okungezuqhasha | kungezuqhasha |
| Class 17 | kuzoqhasha | okuzoqhasha | kuzoqhasha | akuzuqhasha | okungezuqhasha | kungezuqhasha |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqhasha | engiyoqhasha | ngiyoqhasha | angiyuqhasha | engingeyuqhasha | ngingeyuqhasha |
| 2nd singular | uyoqhasha | oyoqhasha | uyoqhasha | awuyuqhasha | ongeyuqhasha | ungeyuqhasha |
| 1st plural | siyoqhasha | esiyoqhasha | siyoqhasha | asiyuqhasha | esingeyuqhasha | singeyuqhasha |
| 2nd plural | niyoqhasha | eniyoqhasha | niyoqhasha | aniyuqhasha | eningeyuqhasha | ningeyuqhasha |
| Class 1 | uyoqhasha | oyoqhasha | eyoqhasha | akayuqhasha | ongeyuqhasha | engeyuqhasha |
| Class 2 | bayoqhasha | abayoqhasha | beyoqhasha | abayuqhasha | abangeyuqhasha | bengeyuqhasha |
| Class 3 | uyoqhasha | oyoqhasha | uyoqhasha | awuyuqhasha | ongeyuqhasha | ungeyuqhasha |
| Class 4 | iyoqhasha | eyoqhasha | iyoqhasha | ayiyuqhasha | engeyuqhasha | ingeyuqhasha |
| Class 5 | liyoqhasha | eliyoqhasha | liyoqhasha | aliyuqhasha | elingeyuqhasha | lingeyuqhasha |
| Class 6 | ayoqhasha | ayoqhasha | eyoqhasha | awayuqhasha | angeyuqhasha | engeyuqhasha |
| Class 7 | siyoqhasha | esiyoqhasha | siyoqhasha | asiyuqhasha | esingeyuqhasha | singeyuqhasha |
| Class 8 | ziyoqhasha | eziyoqhasha | ziyoqhasha | aziyuqhasha | ezingeyuqhasha | zingeyuqhasha |
| Class 9 | iyoqhasha | eyoqhasha | iyoqhasha | ayiyuqhasha | engeyuqhasha | ingeyuqhasha |
| Class 10 | ziyoqhasha | eziyoqhasha | ziyoqhasha | aziyuqhasha | ezingeyuqhasha | zingeyuqhasha |
| Class 11 | luyoqhasha | oluyoqhasha | luyoqhasha | aluyuqhasha | olungeyuqhasha | lungeyuqhasha |
| Class 14 | buyoqhasha | obuyoqhasha | buyoqhasha | abuyuqhasha | obungeyuqhasha | bungeyuqhasha |
| Class 15 | kuyoqhasha | okuyoqhasha | kuyoqhasha | akuyuqhasha | okungeyuqhasha | kungeyuqhasha |
| Class 17 | kuyoqhasha | okuyoqhasha | kuyoqhasha | akuyuqhasha | okungeyuqhasha | kungeyuqhasha |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqhashe | ngingaqhashi |
| 2nd singular | uqhashe | ungaqhashi |
| 1st plural | siqhashe | singaqhashi |
| 2nd plural | niqhashe | ningaqhashi |
| Class 1 | aqhashe | angaqhashi |
| Class 2 | baqhashe | bangaqhashi |
| Class 3 | uqhashe | ungaqhashi |
| Class 4 | iqhashe | ingaqhashi |
| Class 5 | liqhashe | lingaqhashi |
| Class 6 | aqhashe | angaqhashi |
| Class 7 | siqhashe | singaqhashi |
| Class 8 | ziqhashe | zingaqhashi |
| Class 9 | iqhashe | ingaqhashi |
| Class 10 | ziqhashe | zingaqhashi |
| Class 11 | luqhashe | lungaqhashi |
| Class 14 | buqhashe | bungaqhashi |
| Class 15 | kuqhashe | kungaqhashi |
| Class 17 | kuqhashe | kungaqhashi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqhasha | ngangaqhasha, angaqhasha, angangaqhasha |
| 2nd singular | waqhasha | wangaqhasha, awaqhasha, awangaqhasha |
| 1st plural | saqhasha | sangaqhasha, asaqhasha, asangaqhasha |
| 2nd plural | naqhasha | nangaqhasha, anaqhasha, anangaqhasha |
| Class 1 | waqhasha | wangaqhasha, akaqhasha, akangaqhasha |
| Class 2 | baqhasha | bangaqhasha, abaqhasha, abangaqhasha |
| Class 3 | waqhasha | wangaqhasha, awaqhasha, awangaqhasha |
| Class 4 | yaqhasha | yangaqhasha, ayaqhasha, ayangaqhasha |
| Class 5 | laqhasha | langaqhasha, alaqhasha, alangaqhasha |
| Class 6 | aqhasha | angaqhasha, awaqhasha, awangaqhasha |
| Class 7 | saqhasha | sangaqhasha, asaqhasha, asangaqhasha |
| Class 8 | zaqhasha | zangaqhasha, azaqhasha, azangaqhasha |
| Class 9 | yaqhasha | yangaqhasha, ayaqhasha, ayangaqhasha |
| Class 10 | zaqhasha | zangaqhasha, azaqhasha, azangaqhasha |
| Class 11 | lwaqhasha | lwangaqhasha, alwaqhasha, alwangaqhasha |
| Class 14 | baqhasha | bangaqhasha, abaqhasha, abangaqhasha |
| Class 15 | kwaqhasha | kwangaqhasha, akwaqhasha, akwangaqhasha |
| Class 17 | kwaqhasha | kwangaqhasha, akwaqhasha, akwangaqhasha |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhasha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhasha (6.3)”