# 欺瞞
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīmán
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ ㄇㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hei$^1$ mun$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khi-môa
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīmán
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ ㄇㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cimán
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^1$-man$^2$
*** Yale: chī-mán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiman
*** Palladius: цимань (cimanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ män³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hei$^1$ mun$^4$
*** Yale: hēi mùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hei$^1$ mun$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: héi$^1$ mun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /hei̯⁵⁵ muːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khi-môa
*** Tâi-lô: khi-muâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qimoaa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰi⁴⁴⁻²² muã²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰi³³ muã²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰi⁴⁴⁻²² muã¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰi⁴⁴⁻³³ muã²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰi⁴⁴⁻³³ muã²³/

### Verb

欺瞞
* to deceive; to dupe

#### Synonyms

* 作假 (zuòjiǎ)
* 作偽／作伪 (zuòwěi)
* 使手路 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 創戇／创戆 (Hokkien)
* 創戇仔／创戆仔 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 哄騙／哄骗 (hǒngpiàn)
* 壅蔽 (yōngbì) (literary)
* 打哄 (da$^3$ hong$^3$) (Xiang)
* 拆白 (chāibái) (dialectal)
* 拐騙／拐骗 (guǎipiàn)
* 日哄 (reh$^4$ hung$^2$) (Jin)
* 梟人／枭人 (Hakka)
* 欺詐／欺诈 (qīzhà)
* 欺騙／欺骗 (qīpiàn)
* 瞞／瞒 (mán) (to hide the truth)
* 瞞哄／瞒哄 (mánhǒng)
* 瞞騙／瞒骗 (mánpiàn)
* 矇人／蒙人 (mēngrén)
* 矇混／蒙混 (ménghùn)
* 矇蔽／蒙蔽 (méngbì)
* 矇騙／蒙骗 (mēngpiàn)
* 糊弄 (hùnong) (colloquial)
* 耍花招 (shuǎ huāzhāo)
* 脫人／脱人 (tŏ̤-nêng) (Northern Min)
* 行騙／行骗 (xíngpiàn)
* 訛詐／讹诈 (ézhà)
* 詐騙／诈骗 (zhàpiàn)
* 誆騙／诓骗 (kuāngpiàn)
* 誑／诳 (kuáng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 誑騙／诳骗 (kuángpiàn)
* 誘騙／诱骗 (yòupiàn)
* 變戲法／变戏法 (biàn xìfǎ) (figurative)
* 賺／赚 (zuàn) (colloquial)
* 騙／骗 (piàn)
* 騙人／骗人 (piànrén)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 欺 | 瞞 |
| ぎ Grade: S | まん Hyōgai |
| kan'yōon | goon |
* Alternative spellings
* 欺𥈞 (extended shinjitai) 欺謾 (rare)

### Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese compound 欺瞞 (MC khi man, literally “cheat, bully + lie, conceal”).
First cited to a text from 1477.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎまん [gìmáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡʲimã̠ɴ]

### Noun

欺(ぎ)瞞(まん) • (giman)
* [from 1477] deception, deceit
    欺(ぎ)瞞(まん)の神(かみ)、フィナックス
       Giman no Kami, Finakkusu
       Phenax, God of Deception

### Verb

欺(ぎ)瞞(まん)する • (giman suru) suru (stem 欺(ぎ)瞞(まん)し (giman shi), past 欺(ぎ)瞞(まん)した (giman shita))
* [from 1477] to deceive, to dupe

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 欺瞞し | ぎまんし | giman shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 欺瞞し | ぎまんし | giman shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 欺瞞する | ぎまんする | giman suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 欺瞞する | ぎまんする | giman suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 欺瞞すれ | ぎまんすれ | giman sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 欺瞞せよ¹ 欺瞞しろ² | ぎまんせよ¹ ぎまんしろ² | giman seyo¹ giman shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 欺瞞される | ぎまんされる | giman sareru |
| Causative | 欺瞞させる 欺瞞さす | ぎまんさせる ぎまんさす | giman saseru giman sasu |
| Potential | 欺瞞できる | ぎまんできる | giman dekiru |
| Volitional | 欺瞞しよう | ぎまんしよう | giman shiyō |
| Negative | 欺瞞しない | ぎまんしない | giman shinai |
| Negative continuative | 欺瞞せず | ぎまんせず | giman sezu |
| Formal | 欺瞞します | ぎまんします | giman shimasu |
| Perfective | 欺瞞した | ぎまんした | giman shita |
| Conjunctive | 欺瞞して | ぎまんして | giman shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 欺瞞すれば | ぎまんすれば | giman sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 欺 | 瞞 |

### Noun

欺瞞 • (giman) (hangeul 기만)
* hanja form of 기만 (“deception, deceit, humblebrag”)