# 開放
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kāifàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄞ ㄈㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoi$^1$ fong$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khôi-fong
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khai-hòng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kai$^1$ huang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kāifàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄞ ㄈㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kaifàng
*** Wade–Giles: kʻai$^1$-fang$^4$
*** Yale: kāi-fàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kaifanq
*** Palladius: кайфан (kajfan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaɪ̯⁵⁵ fɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoi$^1$ fong$^3$
*** Yale: hōi fong
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoi$^1$ fong$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hoi$^1$ fong$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːi̯⁵⁵ fɔːŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khôi-fong
*** Hakka Romanization System: koi$^ˊ$ fong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: koi$^1$ fong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰoi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ foŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khai-hòng
*** Tâi-lô: khai-hòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qai'hoxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai³³ hɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻²² hɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴⁴⁻³³ hɔŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kai$^1$ huang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khai huàng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰai³³⁻²³ huaŋ²¹³/

### Verb

開放
* to be open (to the public)
    正常開放／正常开放 ― zhèngcháng kāifàng ― to be open as normal
       Shīgōng qījiān, shù bù kāifàng. [Pinyin]
       Construction in progress — temporarily closed.
* to lift a ban or restriction; to liberalize
* (of a flower) to open out
* to be turned on; to be in operation
* (archaic) to set free; to release (of prisoners)

#### Synonyms

* (to open out): 放 (fàng), 開／开 (kāi)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to open”): 封閉／封闭 (fēngbì), 封鎖／封锁 (fēngsuǒ), 鎖／锁 (suǒ)

### Adjective

開放
* open
    開放存取期刊／开放存取期刊 ― kāifàng cúnqǔ qīkān ― open access journal
* public
* liberal; open-minded

#### Derived terms

* 改革開放／改革开放 (Gǎigé Kāifàng)
* 門戶開放政策／门户开放政策 (ménhù kāifàng zhèngcè)
* 開放式／开放式 (kāifàngshì)
* 開放時間／开放时间 (kāifàng shíjiān)
* 開放獲取／开放获取 (kāifàng huòqǔ)
* 開放系統／开放系统 (kāifàng xìtǒng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 開放(かいほう) (kaihō)
* → Korean: 개방(開放) (gaebang)
* → Vietnamese: khai phóng (開放)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 開 | 放 |
| かい Grade: 3 | ほう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

開(かい)放(ほう) • (kaihō)
* openness, not being closed
* openness, allowing free entry and exit
* openness, frankness

### Verb

開(かい)放(ほう)する • (kaihō suru) suru (stem 開(かい)放(ほう)し (kaihō shi), past 開(かい)放(ほう)した (kaihō shita))
* open a door etc.
* open, allow freedom of entry and exit
* be open and frank

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 開放し | かいほうし | kaihō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 開放し | かいほうし | kaihō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 開放する | かいほうする | kaihō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 開放する | かいほうする | kaihō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 開放すれ | かいほうすれ | kaihō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 開放せよ¹ 開放しろ² | かいほうせよ¹ かいほうしろ² | kaihō seyo¹ kaihō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 開放される | かいほうされる | kaihō sareru |
| Causative | 開放させる 開放さす | かいほうさせる かいほうさす | kaihō saseru kaihō sasu |
| Potential | 開放できる | かいほうできる | kaihō dekiru |
| Volitional | 開放しよう | かいほうしよう | kaihō shiyō |
| Negative | 開放しない | かいほうしない | kaihō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 開放せず | かいほうせず | kaihō sezu |
| Formal | 開放します | かいほうします | kaihō shimasu |
| Perfective | 開放した | かいほうした | kaihō shita |
| Conjunctive | 開放して | かいほうして | kaihō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 開放すれば | かいほうすれば | kaihō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 開 | 放 |

### Noun

開放 • (gaebang) (hangeul 개방)
* hanja form of 개방 (“liberalization”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 開 | 放 |

### Adjective

開放
* chữ Hán form of khai phóng (“liberal”).