# hlinzeka
## Zulu
### Etymology

From -hlinza +‎ -eka.

### Verb

-hlinzeka$^?$
* (intransitive) to get skinned
* (intransitive) to get murdered
* (intransitive) to get cut open, to get operated upon
* (intransitive) to get criticized severely

#### Inflection

Tone unknown :
| Infinitive | ukuhlinzeka |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuhlinzeka | ukungahlinzeki |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | hlinzeka | -hlinzeke |
| Plural | hlinzekani | -hlinzekeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyahlinzeka, ngihlinzeka | engihlinzekayo, engihlinzeka | ngihlinzeka | angihlinzeki | engingahlinzeki | ngingahlinzeki |
| 2nd singular | uyahlinzeka, uhlinzeka | ohlinzekayo, ohlinzeka | uhlinzeka | awuhlinzeki | ongahlinzeki | ungahlinzeki |
| 1st plural | siyahlinzeka, sihlinzeka | esihlinzekayo, esihlinzeka | sihlinzeka | asihlinzeki | esingahlinzeki | singahlinzeki |
| 2nd plural | niyahlinzeka, nihlinzeka | enihlinzekayo, enihlinzeka | nihlinzeka | anihlinzeki | eningahlinzeki | ningahlinzeki |
| Class 1 | uyahlinzeka, uhlinzeka | ohlinzekayo, ohlinzeka | ehlinzeka | akahlinzeki | ongahlinzeki | engahlinzeki |
| Class 2 | bayahlinzeka, bahlinzeka | abahlinzekayo, abahlinzeka | behlinzeka | abahlinzeki | abangahlinzeki | bengahlinzeki |
| Class 3 | uyahlinzeka, uhlinzeka | ohlinzekayo, ohlinzeka | uhlinzeka | awuhlinzeki | ongahlinzeki | ungahlinzeki |
| Class 4 | iyahlinzeka, ihlinzeka | ehlinzekayo, ehlinzeka | ihlinzeka | ayihlinzeki | engahlinzeki | ingahlinzeki |
| Class 5 | liyahlinzeka, lihlinzeka | elihlinzekayo, elihlinzeka | lihlinzeka | alihlinzeki | elingahlinzeki | lingahlinzeki |
| Class 6 | ayahlinzeka, ahlinzeka | ahlinzekayo, ahlinzeka | ehlinzeka | awahlinzeki | angahlinzeki | engahlinzeki |
| Class 7 | siyahlinzeka, sihlinzeka | esihlinzekayo, esihlinzeka | sihlinzeka | asihlinzeki | esingahlinzeki | singahlinzeki |
| Class 8 | ziyahlinzeka, zihlinzeka | ezihlinzekayo, ezihlinzeka | zihlinzeka | azihlinzeki | ezingahlinzeki | zingahlinzeki |
| Class 9 | iyahlinzeka, ihlinzeka | ehlinzekayo, ehlinzeka | ihlinzeka | ayihlinzeki | engahlinzeki | ingahlinzeki |
| Class 10 | ziyahlinzeka, zihlinzeka | ezihlinzekayo, ezihlinzeka | zihlinzeka | azihlinzeki | ezingahlinzeki | zingahlinzeki |
| Class 11 | luyahlinzeka, luhlinzeka | oluhlinzekayo, oluhlinzeka | luhlinzeka | aluhlinzeki | olungahlinzeki | lungahlinzeki |
| Class 14 | buyahlinzeka, buhlinzeka | obuhlinzekayo, obuhlinzeka | buhlinzeka | abuhlinzeki | obungahlinzeki | bungahlinzeki |
| Class 15 | kuyahlinzeka, kuhlinzeka | okuhlinzekayo, okuhlinzeka | kuhlinzeka | akuhlinzeki | okungahlinzeki | kungahlinzeki |
| Class 17 | kuyahlinzeka, kuhlinzeka | okuhlinzekayo, okuhlinzeka | kuhlinzeka | akuhlinzeki | okungahlinzeki | kungahlinzeki |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngihlinzekile, ngihlinzekē | engihlinzekile, engihlinzekē | ngihlinzekile, ngihlinzekē | angihlinzekanga | engingahlinzekanga | ngingahlinzekanga |
| 2nd singular | uhlinzekile, uhlinzekē | ohlinzekile, ohlinzekē | uhlinzekile, uhlinzekē | awuhlinzekanga | ongahlinzekanga | ungahlinzekanga |
| 1st plural | sihlinzekile, sihlinzekē | esihlinzekile, esihlinzekē | sihlinzekile, sihlinzekē | asihlinzekanga | esingahlinzekanga | singahlinzekanga |
| 2nd plural | nihlinzekile, nihlinzekē | enihlinzekile, enihlinzekē | nihlinzekile, nihlinzekē | anihlinzekanga | eningahlinzekanga | ningahlinzekanga |
| Class 1 | uhlinzekile, uhlinzekē | ohlinzekile, ohlinzekē | ehlinzekile, ehlinzekē | akahlinzekanga | ongahlinzekanga | engahlinzekanga |
| Class 2 | bahlinzekile, bahlinzekē | abahlinzekile, abahlinzekē | behlinzekile, behlinzekē | abahlinzekanga | abangahlinzekanga | bengahlinzekanga |
| Class 3 | uhlinzekile, uhlinzekē | ohlinzekile, ohlinzekē | uhlinzekile, uhlinzekē | awuhlinzekanga | ongahlinzekanga | ungahlinzekanga |
| Class 4 | ihlinzekile, ihlinzekē | ehlinzekile, ehlinzekē | ihlinzekile, ihlinzekē | ayihlinzekanga | engahlinzekanga | ingahlinzekanga |
| Class 5 | lihlinzekile, lihlinzekē | elihlinzekile, elihlinzekē | lihlinzekile, lihlinzekē | alihlinzekanga | elingahlinzekanga | lingahlinzekanga |
| Class 6 | ahlinzekile, ahlinzekē | ahlinzekile, ahlinzekē | ehlinzekile, ehlinzekē | awahlinzekanga | angahlinzekanga | engahlinzekanga |
| Class 7 | sihlinzekile, sihlinzekē | esihlinzekile, esihlinzekē | sihlinzekile, sihlinzekē | asihlinzekanga | esingahlinzekanga | singahlinzekanga |
| Class 8 | zihlinzekile, zihlinzekē | ezihlinzekile, ezihlinzekē | zihlinzekile, zihlinzekē | azihlinzekanga | ezingahlinzekanga | zingahlinzekanga |
| Class 9 | ihlinzekile, ihlinzekē | ehlinzekile, ehlinzekē | ihlinzekile, ihlinzekē | ayihlinzekanga | engahlinzekanga | ingahlinzekanga |
| Class 10 | zihlinzekile, zihlinzekē | ezihlinzekile, ezihlinzekē | zihlinzekile, zihlinzekē | azihlinzekanga | ezingahlinzekanga | zingahlinzekanga |
| Class 11 | luhlinzekile, luhlinzekē | oluhlinzekile, oluhlinzekē | luhlinzekile, luhlinzekē | aluhlinzekanga | olungahlinzekanga | lungahlinzekanga |
| Class 14 | buhlinzekile, buhlinzekē | obuhlinzekile, obuhlinzekē | buhlinzekile, buhlinzekē | abuhlinzekanga | obungahlinzekanga | bungahlinzekanga |
| Class 15 | kuhlinzekile, kuhlinzekē | okuhlinzekile, okuhlinzekē | kuhlinzekile, kuhlinzekē | akuhlinzekanga | okungahlinzekanga | kungahlinzekanga |
| Class 17 | kuhlinzekile, kuhlinzekē | okuhlinzekile, okuhlinzekē | kuhlinzekile, kuhlinzekē | akuhlinzekanga | okungahlinzekanga | kungahlinzekanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāhlinzeka | engāhlinzeka | ngāhlinzeka | angihlinzekanga | engingahlinzekanga | ngingahlinzekanga |
| 2nd singular | wāhlinzeka | owāhlinzeka | wāhlinzeka | awuhlinzekanga | ongahlinzekanga | ungahlinzekanga |
| 1st plural | sāhlinzeka | esāhlinzeka | sāhlinzeka | asihlinzekanga | esingahlinzekanga | singahlinzekanga |
| 2nd plural | nāhlinzeka | enāhlinzeka | nāhlinzeka | anihlinzekanga | eningahlinzekanga | ningahlinzekanga |
| Class 1 | wāhlinzeka | owāhlinzeka | āhlinzeka | akahlinzekanga | ongahlinzekanga | engahlinzekanga |
| Class 2 | bāhlinzeka | abāhlinzeka | bāhlinzeka | abahlinzekanga | abangahlinzekanga | bengahlinzekanga |
| Class 3 | wāhlinzeka | owāhlinzeka | wāhlinzeka | awuhlinzekanga | ongahlinzekanga | ungahlinzekanga |
| Class 4 | yāhlinzeka | eyāhlinzeka | yāhlinzeka | ayihlinzekanga | engahlinzekanga | ingahlinzekanga |
| Class 5 | lāhlinzeka | elāhlinzeka | lāhlinzeka | alihlinzekanga | elingahlinzekanga | lingahlinzekanga |
| Class 6 | āhlinzeka | āhlinzeka | āhlinzeka | awahlinzekanga | angahlinzekanga | engahlinzekanga |
| Class 7 | sāhlinzeka | esāhlinzeka | sāhlinzeka | asihlinzekanga | esingahlinzekanga | singahlinzekanga |
| Class 8 | zāhlinzeka | ezāhlinzeka | zāhlinzeka | azihlinzekanga | ezingahlinzekanga | zingahlinzekanga |
| Class 9 | yāhlinzeka | eyāhlinzeka | yāhlinzeka | ayihlinzekanga | engahlinzekanga | ingahlinzekanga |
| Class 10 | zāhlinzeka | ezāhlinzeka | zāhlinzeka | azihlinzekanga | ezingahlinzekanga | zingahlinzekanga |
| Class 11 | lwāhlinzeka | olwāhlinzeka | lwāhlinzeka | aluhlinzekanga | olungahlinzekanga | lungahlinzekanga |
| Class 14 | bāhlinzeka | obāhlinzeka | bāhlinzeka | abuhlinzekanga | obungahlinzekanga | bungahlinzekanga |
| Class 15 | kwāhlinzeka | okwāhlinzeka | kwāhlinzeka | akuhlinzekanga | okungahlinzekanga | kungahlinzekanga |
| Class 17 | kwāhlinzeka | okwāhlinzeka | kwāhlinzeka | akuhlinzekanga | okungahlinzekanga | kungahlinzekanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingahlinzeka | — | ngingahlinzeka | ngingehlinzeke | — | ngingehlinzeke |
| 2nd singular | ungahlinzeka | — | ungahlinzeka | ungehlinzeke | — | ungehlinzeke |
| 1st plural | singahlinzeka | — | singahlinzeka | singehlinzeke | — | singehlinzeke |
| 2nd plural | ningahlinzeka | — | ningahlinzeka | ningehlinzeke | — | ningehlinzeke |
| Class 1 | angahlinzeka | — | engahlinzeka | angehlinzeke | — | engehlinzeke |
| Class 2 | bangahlinzeka | — | bengahlinzeka | bangehlinzeke | — | bengehlinzeke |
| Class 3 | ungahlinzeka | — | ungahlinzeka | ungehlinzeke | — | ungehlinzeke |
| Class 4 | ingahlinzeka | — | ingahlinzeka | ingehlinzeke | — | ingehlinzeke |
| Class 5 | lingahlinzeka | — | lingahlinzeka | lingehlinzeke | — | lingehlinzeke |
| Class 6 | angahlinzeka | — | engahlinzeka | angehlinzeke | — | engehlinzeke |
| Class 7 | singahlinzeka | — | singahlinzeka | singehlinzeke | — | singehlinzeke |
| Class 8 | zingahlinzeka | — | zingahlinzeka | zingehlinzeke | — | zingehlinzeke |
| Class 9 | ingahlinzeka | — | ingahlinzeka | ingehlinzeke | — | ingehlinzeke |
| Class 10 | zingahlinzeka | — | zingahlinzeka | zingehlinzeke | — | zingehlinzeke |
| Class 11 | lungahlinzeka | — | lungahlinzeka | lungehlinzeke | — | lungehlinzeke |
| Class 14 | bungahlinzeka | — | bungahlinzeka | bungehlinzeke | — | bungehlinzeke |
| Class 15 | kungahlinzeka | — | kungahlinzeka | kungehlinzeke | — | kungehlinzeke |
| Class 17 | kungahlinzeka | — | kungahlinzeka | kungehlinzeke | — | kungehlinzeke |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizohlinzeka | engizohlinzeka | ngizohlinzeka | angizuhlinzeka | engingezuhlinzeka | ngingezuhlinzeka |
| 2nd singular | uzohlinzeka | ozohlinzeka | uzohlinzeka | awuzuhlinzeka | ongezuhlinzeka | ungezuhlinzeka |
| 1st plural | sizohlinzeka | esizohlinzeka | sizohlinzeka | asizuhlinzeka | esingezuhlinzeka | singezuhlinzeka |
| 2nd plural | nizohlinzeka | enizohlinzeka | nizohlinzeka | anizuhlinzeka | eningezuhlinzeka | ningezuhlinzeka |
| Class 1 | uzohlinzeka | ozohlinzeka | ezohlinzeka | akazuhlinzeka | ongezuhlinzeka | engezuhlinzeka |
| Class 2 | bazohlinzeka | abazohlinzeka | bezohlinzeka | abazuhlinzeka | abangezuhlinzeka | bengezuhlinzeka |
| Class 3 | uzohlinzeka | ozohlinzeka | uzohlinzeka | awuzuhlinzeka | ongezuhlinzeka | ungezuhlinzeka |
| Class 4 | izohlinzeka | ezohlinzeka | izohlinzeka | ayizuhlinzeka | engezuhlinzeka | ingezuhlinzeka |
| Class 5 | lizohlinzeka | elizohlinzeka | lizohlinzeka | alizuhlinzeka | elingezuhlinzeka | lingezuhlinzeka |
| Class 6 | azohlinzeka | azohlinzeka | ezohlinzeka | awazuhlinzeka | angezuhlinzeka | engezuhlinzeka |
| Class 7 | sizohlinzeka | esizohlinzeka | sizohlinzeka | asizuhlinzeka | esingezuhlinzeka | singezuhlinzeka |
| Class 8 | zizohlinzeka | ezizohlinzeka | zizohlinzeka | azizuhlinzeka | ezingezuhlinzeka | zingezuhlinzeka |
| Class 9 | izohlinzeka | ezohlinzeka | izohlinzeka | ayizuhlinzeka | engezuhlinzeka | ingezuhlinzeka |
| Class 10 | zizohlinzeka | ezizohlinzeka | zizohlinzeka | azizuhlinzeka | ezingezuhlinzeka | zingezuhlinzeka |
| Class 11 | luzohlinzeka | oluzohlinzeka | luzohlinzeka | aluzuhlinzeka | olungezuhlinzeka | lungezuhlinzeka |
| Class 14 | buzohlinzeka | obuzohlinzeka | buzohlinzeka | abuzuhlinzeka | obungezuhlinzeka | bungezuhlinzeka |
| Class 15 | kuzohlinzeka | okuzohlinzeka | kuzohlinzeka | akuzuhlinzeka | okungezuhlinzeka | kungezuhlinzeka |
| Class 17 | kuzohlinzeka | okuzohlinzeka | kuzohlinzeka | akuzuhlinzeka | okungezuhlinzeka | kungezuhlinzeka |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyohlinzeka | engiyohlinzeka | ngiyohlinzeka | angiyuhlinzeka | engingeyuhlinzeka | ngingeyuhlinzeka |
| 2nd singular | uyohlinzeka | oyohlinzeka | uyohlinzeka | awuyuhlinzeka | ongeyuhlinzeka | ungeyuhlinzeka |
| 1st plural | siyohlinzeka | esiyohlinzeka | siyohlinzeka | asiyuhlinzeka | esingeyuhlinzeka | singeyuhlinzeka |
| 2nd plural | niyohlinzeka | eniyohlinzeka | niyohlinzeka | aniyuhlinzeka | eningeyuhlinzeka | ningeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 1 | uyohlinzeka | oyohlinzeka | eyohlinzeka | akayuhlinzeka | ongeyuhlinzeka | engeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 2 | bayohlinzeka | abayohlinzeka | beyohlinzeka | abayuhlinzeka | abangeyuhlinzeka | bengeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 3 | uyohlinzeka | oyohlinzeka | uyohlinzeka | awuyuhlinzeka | ongeyuhlinzeka | ungeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 4 | iyohlinzeka | eyohlinzeka | iyohlinzeka | ayiyuhlinzeka | engeyuhlinzeka | ingeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 5 | liyohlinzeka | eliyohlinzeka | liyohlinzeka | aliyuhlinzeka | elingeyuhlinzeka | lingeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 6 | ayohlinzeka | ayohlinzeka | eyohlinzeka | awayuhlinzeka | angeyuhlinzeka | engeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 7 | siyohlinzeka | esiyohlinzeka | siyohlinzeka | asiyuhlinzeka | esingeyuhlinzeka | singeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 8 | ziyohlinzeka | eziyohlinzeka | ziyohlinzeka | aziyuhlinzeka | ezingeyuhlinzeka | zingeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 9 | iyohlinzeka | eyohlinzeka | iyohlinzeka | ayiyuhlinzeka | engeyuhlinzeka | ingeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 10 | ziyohlinzeka | eziyohlinzeka | ziyohlinzeka | aziyuhlinzeka | ezingeyuhlinzeka | zingeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 11 | luyohlinzeka | oluyohlinzeka | luyohlinzeka | aluyuhlinzeka | olungeyuhlinzeka | lungeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 14 | buyohlinzeka | obuyohlinzeka | buyohlinzeka | abuyuhlinzeka | obungeyuhlinzeka | bungeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 15 | kuyohlinzeka | okuyohlinzeka | kuyohlinzeka | akuyuhlinzeka | okungeyuhlinzeka | kungeyuhlinzeka |
| Class 17 | kuyohlinzeka | okuyohlinzeka | kuyohlinzeka | akuyuhlinzeka | okungeyuhlinzeka | kungeyuhlinzeka |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngihlinzeke | ngingahlinzeki |
| 2nd singular | uhlinzeke | ungahlinzeki |
| 1st plural | sihlinzeke | singahlinzeki |
| 2nd plural | nihlinzeke | ningahlinzeki |
| Class 1 | ahlinzeke | angahlinzeki |
| Class 2 | bahlinzeke | bangahlinzeki |
| Class 3 | uhlinzeke | ungahlinzeki |
| Class 4 | ihlinzeke | ingahlinzeki |
| Class 5 | lihlinzeke | lingahlinzeki |
| Class 6 | ahlinzeke | angahlinzeki |
| Class 7 | sihlinzeke | singahlinzeki |
| Class 8 | zihlinzeke | zingahlinzeki |
| Class 9 | ihlinzeke | ingahlinzeki |
| Class 10 | zihlinzeke | zingahlinzeki |
| Class 11 | luhlinzeke | lungahlinzeki |
| Class 14 | buhlinzeke | bungahlinzeki |
| Class 15 | kuhlinzeke | kungahlinzeki |
| Class 17 | kuhlinzeke | kungahlinzeki |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngahlinzeka | ngangahlinzeka, angahlinzeka, angangahlinzeka |
| 2nd singular | wahlinzeka | wangahlinzeka, awahlinzeka, awangahlinzeka |
| 1st plural | sahlinzeka | sangahlinzeka, asahlinzeka, asangahlinzeka |
| 2nd plural | nahlinzeka | nangahlinzeka, anahlinzeka, anangahlinzeka |
| Class 1 | wahlinzeka | wangahlinzeka, akahlinzeka, akangahlinzeka |
| Class 2 | bahlinzeka | bangahlinzeka, abahlinzeka, abangahlinzeka |
| Class 3 | wahlinzeka | wangahlinzeka, awahlinzeka, awangahlinzeka |
| Class 4 | yahlinzeka | yangahlinzeka, ayahlinzeka, ayangahlinzeka |
| Class 5 | lahlinzeka | langahlinzeka, alahlinzeka, alangahlinzeka |
| Class 6 | ahlinzeka | angahlinzeka, awahlinzeka, awangahlinzeka |
| Class 7 | sahlinzeka | sangahlinzeka, asahlinzeka, asangahlinzeka |
| Class 8 | zahlinzeka | zangahlinzeka, azahlinzeka, azangahlinzeka |
| Class 9 | yahlinzeka | yangahlinzeka, ayahlinzeka, ayangahlinzeka |
| Class 10 | zahlinzeka | zangahlinzeka, azahlinzeka, azangahlinzeka |
| Class 11 | lwahlinzeka | lwangahlinzeka, alwahlinzeka, alwangahlinzeka |
| Class 14 | bahlinzeka | bangahlinzeka, abahlinzeka, abangahlinzeka |
| Class 15 | kwahlinzeka | kwangahlinzeka, akwahlinzeka, akwangahlinzeka |
| Class 17 | kwahlinzeka | kwangahlinzeka, akwahlinzeka, akwangahlinzeka |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hlinzeka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlinzeka (3.2.9)”