# hlinza
## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-hlînza
* to butcher
* to skin, to flay

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Verb

-hlínza
* (transitive) to skin
* (transitive) to murder
* (transitive) to cut open, to operate
* (transitive) to criticize severely

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuhlinza |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuhlinza | ukungahlinzi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | hlinza | -hlinze |
| Plural | hlinzani | -hlinzeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyahlinza, ngihlinza | engihlinzayo, engihlinza | ngihlinza | angihlinzi | engingahlinzi | ngingahlinzi |
| 2nd singular | uyahlinza, uhlinza | ohlinzayo, ohlinza | uhlinza | awuhlinzi | ongahlinzi | ungahlinzi |
| 1st plural | siyahlinza, sihlinza | esihlinzayo, esihlinza | sihlinza | asihlinzi | esingahlinzi | singahlinzi |
| 2nd plural | niyahlinza, nihlinza | enihlinzayo, enihlinza | nihlinza | anihlinzi | eningahlinzi | ningahlinzi |
| Class 1 | uyahlinza, uhlinza | ohlinzayo, ohlinza | ehlinza | akahlinzi | ongahlinzi | engahlinzi |
| Class 2 | bayahlinza, bahlinza | abahlinzayo, abahlinza | behlinza | abahlinzi | abangahlinzi | bengahlinzi |
| Class 3 | uyahlinza, uhlinza | ohlinzayo, ohlinza | uhlinza | awuhlinzi | ongahlinzi | ungahlinzi |
| Class 4 | iyahlinza, ihlinza | ehlinzayo, ehlinza | ihlinza | ayihlinzi | engahlinzi | ingahlinzi |
| Class 5 | liyahlinza, lihlinza | elihlinzayo, elihlinza | lihlinza | alihlinzi | elingahlinzi | lingahlinzi |
| Class 6 | ayahlinza, ahlinza | ahlinzayo, ahlinza | ehlinza | awahlinzi | angahlinzi | engahlinzi |
| Class 7 | siyahlinza, sihlinza | esihlinzayo, esihlinza | sihlinza | asihlinzi | esingahlinzi | singahlinzi |
| Class 8 | ziyahlinza, zihlinza | ezihlinzayo, ezihlinza | zihlinza | azihlinzi | ezingahlinzi | zingahlinzi |
| Class 9 | iyahlinza, ihlinza | ehlinzayo, ehlinza | ihlinza | ayihlinzi | engahlinzi | ingahlinzi |
| Class 10 | ziyahlinza, zihlinza | ezihlinzayo, ezihlinza | zihlinza | azihlinzi | ezingahlinzi | zingahlinzi |
| Class 11 | luyahlinza, luhlinza | oluhlinzayo, oluhlinza | luhlinza | aluhlinzi | olungahlinzi | lungahlinzi |
| Class 14 | buyahlinza, buhlinza | obuhlinzayo, obuhlinza | buhlinza | abuhlinzi | obungahlinzi | bungahlinzi |
| Class 15 | kuyahlinza, kuhlinza | okuhlinzayo, okuhlinza | kuhlinza | akuhlinzi | okungahlinzi | kungahlinzi |
| Class 17 | kuyahlinza, kuhlinza | okuhlinzayo, okuhlinza | kuhlinza | akuhlinzi | okungahlinzi | kungahlinzi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngihlinzile, ngihlinzē | engihlinzile, engihlinzē | ngihlinzile, ngihlinzē | angihlinzanga | engingahlinzanga | ngingahlinzanga |
| 2nd singular | uhlinzile, uhlinzē | ohlinzile, ohlinzē | uhlinzile, uhlinzē | awuhlinzanga | ongahlinzanga | ungahlinzanga |
| 1st plural | sihlinzile, sihlinzē | esihlinzile, esihlinzē | sihlinzile, sihlinzē | asihlinzanga | esingahlinzanga | singahlinzanga |
| 2nd plural | nihlinzile, nihlinzē | enihlinzile, enihlinzē | nihlinzile, nihlinzē | anihlinzanga | eningahlinzanga | ningahlinzanga |
| Class 1 | uhlinzile, uhlinzē | ohlinzile, ohlinzē | ehlinzile, ehlinzē | akahlinzanga | ongahlinzanga | engahlinzanga |
| Class 2 | bahlinzile, bahlinzē | abahlinzile, abahlinzē | behlinzile, behlinzē | abahlinzanga | abangahlinzanga | bengahlinzanga |
| Class 3 | uhlinzile, uhlinzē | ohlinzile, ohlinzē | uhlinzile, uhlinzē | awuhlinzanga | ongahlinzanga | ungahlinzanga |
| Class 4 | ihlinzile, ihlinzē | ehlinzile, ehlinzē | ihlinzile, ihlinzē | ayihlinzanga | engahlinzanga | ingahlinzanga |
| Class 5 | lihlinzile, lihlinzē | elihlinzile, elihlinzē | lihlinzile, lihlinzē | alihlinzanga | elingahlinzanga | lingahlinzanga |
| Class 6 | ahlinzile, ahlinzē | ahlinzile, ahlinzē | ehlinzile, ehlinzē | awahlinzanga | angahlinzanga | engahlinzanga |
| Class 7 | sihlinzile, sihlinzē | esihlinzile, esihlinzē | sihlinzile, sihlinzē | asihlinzanga | esingahlinzanga | singahlinzanga |
| Class 8 | zihlinzile, zihlinzē | ezihlinzile, ezihlinzē | zihlinzile, zihlinzē | azihlinzanga | ezingahlinzanga | zingahlinzanga |
| Class 9 | ihlinzile, ihlinzē | ehlinzile, ehlinzē | ihlinzile, ihlinzē | ayihlinzanga | engahlinzanga | ingahlinzanga |
| Class 10 | zihlinzile, zihlinzē | ezihlinzile, ezihlinzē | zihlinzile, zihlinzē | azihlinzanga | ezingahlinzanga | zingahlinzanga |
| Class 11 | luhlinzile, luhlinzē | oluhlinzile, oluhlinzē | luhlinzile, luhlinzē | aluhlinzanga | olungahlinzanga | lungahlinzanga |
| Class 14 | buhlinzile, buhlinzē | obuhlinzile, obuhlinzē | buhlinzile, buhlinzē | abuhlinzanga | obungahlinzanga | bungahlinzanga |
| Class 15 | kuhlinzile, kuhlinzē | okuhlinzile, okuhlinzē | kuhlinzile, kuhlinzē | akuhlinzanga | okungahlinzanga | kungahlinzanga |
| Class 17 | kuhlinzile, kuhlinzē | okuhlinzile, okuhlinzē | kuhlinzile, kuhlinzē | akuhlinzanga | okungahlinzanga | kungahlinzanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāhlinza | engāhlinza | ngāhlinza | angihlinzanga | engingahlinzanga | ngingahlinzanga |
| 2nd singular | wāhlinza | owāhlinza | wāhlinza | awuhlinzanga | ongahlinzanga | ungahlinzanga |
| 1st plural | sāhlinza | esāhlinza | sāhlinza | asihlinzanga | esingahlinzanga | singahlinzanga |
| 2nd plural | nāhlinza | enāhlinza | nāhlinza | anihlinzanga | eningahlinzanga | ningahlinzanga |
| Class 1 | wāhlinza | owāhlinza | āhlinza | akahlinzanga | ongahlinzanga | engahlinzanga |
| Class 2 | bāhlinza | abāhlinza | bāhlinza | abahlinzanga | abangahlinzanga | bengahlinzanga |
| Class 3 | wāhlinza | owāhlinza | wāhlinza | awuhlinzanga | ongahlinzanga | ungahlinzanga |
| Class 4 | yāhlinza | eyāhlinza | yāhlinza | ayihlinzanga | engahlinzanga | ingahlinzanga |
| Class 5 | lāhlinza | elāhlinza | lāhlinza | alihlinzanga | elingahlinzanga | lingahlinzanga |
| Class 6 | āhlinza | āhlinza | āhlinza | awahlinzanga | angahlinzanga | engahlinzanga |
| Class 7 | sāhlinza | esāhlinza | sāhlinza | asihlinzanga | esingahlinzanga | singahlinzanga |
| Class 8 | zāhlinza | ezāhlinza | zāhlinza | azihlinzanga | ezingahlinzanga | zingahlinzanga |
| Class 9 | yāhlinza | eyāhlinza | yāhlinza | ayihlinzanga | engahlinzanga | ingahlinzanga |
| Class 10 | zāhlinza | ezāhlinza | zāhlinza | azihlinzanga | ezingahlinzanga | zingahlinzanga |
| Class 11 | lwāhlinza | olwāhlinza | lwāhlinza | aluhlinzanga | olungahlinzanga | lungahlinzanga |
| Class 14 | bāhlinza | obāhlinza | bāhlinza | abuhlinzanga | obungahlinzanga | bungahlinzanga |
| Class 15 | kwāhlinza | okwāhlinza | kwāhlinza | akuhlinzanga | okungahlinzanga | kungahlinzanga |
| Class 17 | kwāhlinza | okwāhlinza | kwāhlinza | akuhlinzanga | okungahlinzanga | kungahlinzanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingahlinza | — | ngingahlinza | ngingehlinze | — | ngingehlinze |
| 2nd singular | ungahlinza | — | ungahlinza | ungehlinze | — | ungehlinze |
| 1st plural | singahlinza | — | singahlinza | singehlinze | — | singehlinze |
| 2nd plural | ningahlinza | — | ningahlinza | ningehlinze | — | ningehlinze |
| Class 1 | angahlinza | — | engahlinza | angehlinze | — | engehlinze |
| Class 2 | bangahlinza | — | bengahlinza | bangehlinze | — | bengehlinze |
| Class 3 | ungahlinza | — | ungahlinza | ungehlinze | — | ungehlinze |
| Class 4 | ingahlinza | — | ingahlinza | ingehlinze | — | ingehlinze |
| Class 5 | lingahlinza | — | lingahlinza | lingehlinze | — | lingehlinze |
| Class 6 | angahlinza | — | engahlinza | angehlinze | — | engehlinze |
| Class 7 | singahlinza | — | singahlinza | singehlinze | — | singehlinze |
| Class 8 | zingahlinza | — | zingahlinza | zingehlinze | — | zingehlinze |
| Class 9 | ingahlinza | — | ingahlinza | ingehlinze | — | ingehlinze |
| Class 10 | zingahlinza | — | zingahlinza | zingehlinze | — | zingehlinze |
| Class 11 | lungahlinza | — | lungahlinza | lungehlinze | — | lungehlinze |
| Class 14 | bungahlinza | — | bungahlinza | bungehlinze | — | bungehlinze |
| Class 15 | kungahlinza | — | kungahlinza | kungehlinze | — | kungehlinze |
| Class 17 | kungahlinza | — | kungahlinza | kungehlinze | — | kungehlinze |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizohlinza | engizohlinza | ngizohlinza | angizuhlinza | engingezuhlinza | ngingezuhlinza |
| 2nd singular | uzohlinza | ozohlinza | uzohlinza | awuzuhlinza | ongezuhlinza | ungezuhlinza |
| 1st plural | sizohlinza | esizohlinza | sizohlinza | asizuhlinza | esingezuhlinza | singezuhlinza |
| 2nd plural | nizohlinza | enizohlinza | nizohlinza | anizuhlinza | eningezuhlinza | ningezuhlinza |
| Class 1 | uzohlinza | ozohlinza | ezohlinza | akazuhlinza | ongezuhlinza | engezuhlinza |
| Class 2 | bazohlinza | abazohlinza | bezohlinza | abazuhlinza | abangezuhlinza | bengezuhlinza |
| Class 3 | uzohlinza | ozohlinza | uzohlinza | awuzuhlinza | ongezuhlinza | ungezuhlinza |
| Class 4 | izohlinza | ezohlinza | izohlinza | ayizuhlinza | engezuhlinza | ingezuhlinza |
| Class 5 | lizohlinza | elizohlinza | lizohlinza | alizuhlinza | elingezuhlinza | lingezuhlinza |
| Class 6 | azohlinza | azohlinza | ezohlinza | awazuhlinza | angezuhlinza | engezuhlinza |
| Class 7 | sizohlinza | esizohlinza | sizohlinza | asizuhlinza | esingezuhlinza | singezuhlinza |
| Class 8 | zizohlinza | ezizohlinza | zizohlinza | azizuhlinza | ezingezuhlinza | zingezuhlinza |
| Class 9 | izohlinza | ezohlinza | izohlinza | ayizuhlinza | engezuhlinza | ingezuhlinza |
| Class 10 | zizohlinza | ezizohlinza | zizohlinza | azizuhlinza | ezingezuhlinza | zingezuhlinza |
| Class 11 | luzohlinza | oluzohlinza | luzohlinza | aluzuhlinza | olungezuhlinza | lungezuhlinza |
| Class 14 | buzohlinza | obuzohlinza | buzohlinza | abuzuhlinza | obungezuhlinza | bungezuhlinza |
| Class 15 | kuzohlinza | okuzohlinza | kuzohlinza | akuzuhlinza | okungezuhlinza | kungezuhlinza |
| Class 17 | kuzohlinza | okuzohlinza | kuzohlinza | akuzuhlinza | okungezuhlinza | kungezuhlinza |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyohlinza | engiyohlinza | ngiyohlinza | angiyuhlinza | engingeyuhlinza | ngingeyuhlinza |
| 2nd singular | uyohlinza | oyohlinza | uyohlinza | awuyuhlinza | ongeyuhlinza | ungeyuhlinza |
| 1st plural | siyohlinza | esiyohlinza | siyohlinza | asiyuhlinza | esingeyuhlinza | singeyuhlinza |
| 2nd plural | niyohlinza | eniyohlinza | niyohlinza | aniyuhlinza | eningeyuhlinza | ningeyuhlinza |
| Class 1 | uyohlinza | oyohlinza | eyohlinza | akayuhlinza | ongeyuhlinza | engeyuhlinza |
| Class 2 | bayohlinza | abayohlinza | beyohlinza | abayuhlinza | abangeyuhlinza | bengeyuhlinza |
| Class 3 | uyohlinza | oyohlinza | uyohlinza | awuyuhlinza | ongeyuhlinza | ungeyuhlinza |
| Class 4 | iyohlinza | eyohlinza | iyohlinza | ayiyuhlinza | engeyuhlinza | ingeyuhlinza |
| Class 5 | liyohlinza | eliyohlinza | liyohlinza | aliyuhlinza | elingeyuhlinza | lingeyuhlinza |
| Class 6 | ayohlinza | ayohlinza | eyohlinza | awayuhlinza | angeyuhlinza | engeyuhlinza |
| Class 7 | siyohlinza | esiyohlinza | siyohlinza | asiyuhlinza | esingeyuhlinza | singeyuhlinza |
| Class 8 | ziyohlinza | eziyohlinza | ziyohlinza | aziyuhlinza | ezingeyuhlinza | zingeyuhlinza |
| Class 9 | iyohlinza | eyohlinza | iyohlinza | ayiyuhlinza | engeyuhlinza | ingeyuhlinza |
| Class 10 | ziyohlinza | eziyohlinza | ziyohlinza | aziyuhlinza | ezingeyuhlinza | zingeyuhlinza |
| Class 11 | luyohlinza | oluyohlinza | luyohlinza | aluyuhlinza | olungeyuhlinza | lungeyuhlinza |
| Class 14 | buyohlinza | obuyohlinza | buyohlinza | abuyuhlinza | obungeyuhlinza | bungeyuhlinza |
| Class 15 | kuyohlinza | okuyohlinza | kuyohlinza | akuyuhlinza | okungeyuhlinza | kungeyuhlinza |
| Class 17 | kuyohlinza | okuyohlinza | kuyohlinza | akuyuhlinza | okungeyuhlinza | kungeyuhlinza |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngihlinze | ngingahlinzi |
| 2nd singular | uhlinze | ungahlinzi |
| 1st plural | sihlinze | singahlinzi |
| 2nd plural | nihlinze | ningahlinzi |
| Class 1 | ahlinze | angahlinzi |
| Class 2 | bahlinze | bangahlinzi |
| Class 3 | uhlinze | ungahlinzi |
| Class 4 | ihlinze | ingahlinzi |
| Class 5 | lihlinze | lingahlinzi |
| Class 6 | ahlinze | angahlinzi |
| Class 7 | sihlinze | singahlinzi |
| Class 8 | zihlinze | zingahlinzi |
| Class 9 | ihlinze | ingahlinzi |
| Class 10 | zihlinze | zingahlinzi |
| Class 11 | luhlinze | lungahlinzi |
| Class 14 | buhlinze | bungahlinzi |
| Class 15 | kuhlinze | kungahlinzi |
| Class 17 | kuhlinze | kungahlinzi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngahlinza | ngangahlinza, angahlinza, angangahlinza |
| 2nd singular | wahlinza | wangahlinza, awahlinza, awangahlinza |
| 1st plural | sahlinza | sangahlinza, asahlinza, asangahlinza |
| 2nd plural | nahlinza | nangahlinza, anahlinza, anangahlinza |
| Class 1 | wahlinza | wangahlinza, akahlinza, akangahlinza |
| Class 2 | bahlinza | bangahlinza, abahlinza, abangahlinza |
| Class 3 | wahlinza | wangahlinza, awahlinza, awangahlinza |
| Class 4 | yahlinza | yangahlinza, ayahlinza, ayangahlinza |
| Class 5 | lahlinza | langahlinza, alahlinza, alangahlinza |
| Class 6 | ahlinza | angahlinza, awahlinza, awangahlinza |
| Class 7 | sahlinza | sangahlinza, asahlinza, asangahlinza |
| Class 8 | zahlinza | zangahlinza, azahlinza, azangahlinza |
| Class 9 | yahlinza | yangahlinza, ayahlinza, ayangahlinza |
| Class 10 | zahlinza | zangahlinza, azahlinza, azangahlinza |
| Class 11 | lwahlinza | lwangahlinza, alwahlinza, alwangahlinza |
| Class 14 | bahlinza | bangahlinza, abahlinza, abangahlinza |
| Class 15 | kwahlinza | kwangahlinza, akwahlinza, akwangahlinza |
| Class 17 | kwahlinza | kwangahlinza, akwahlinza, akwangahlinza |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hlinza”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlinza (3.9)”