# 保留
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǎoliú
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^2$ lau$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó-liù
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): pó-liû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bo$^2$ liu$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$pau-lieu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎoliú
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄌㄧㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎolióu
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^3$-liu$^2$
*** Yale: bǎu-lyóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baoliou
*** Palladius: баолю (baolju)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ li̯oʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^2$ lau$^4$
*** Yale: bóu làuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^2$ lau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^2$ leo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³⁵ lɐu̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-liù
*** Hakka Romanization System: bo$^ˋ$ liu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bo$^3$ liu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /po³¹ li̯u¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-liû
*** Tâi-lô: pó-liû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poyliuu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ liu²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ liu²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bo$^2$ liu$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: pó liû
*** Sinological IPA : /po⁵²⁻³⁵ liu⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$pau-lieu
*** MiniDict: pau$^去$ lieu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$pau-lieu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ³³ liɤ⁴⁴/

### Verb

保留 (transitive)
* to retain; to keep; to preserve; to hold back
    員工保留／员工保留 ― yuángōng bǎoliú ― employee retention
* to reserve
    保留權利／保留权利 ― bǎoliú quánlì ― to reserve a right
    保留意見／保留意见 ― bǎoliú yìjiàn ― to reserve an opinion (i.e. to have reservations)
       Mài ròu de shīfù háobù bǎoliú de jiǎngjiě ràng dāo fēikuài qǐlái de módāo miàozhāo. [Pinyin]
       The butcher explained without reservation how to sharpen a knife.
* to defer for future discussion
* to maintain (an original state)

#### Synonyms

* (to retain):
* 保存 (bǎocún)
* 存留 (cúnliú)

#### Derived terms

* 保留劇目／保留剧目 (bǎoliú jùmù)
* 保留字 (bǎoliúzì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 保(ほ)留(りゅう) (horyū)
* → Korean: 보류(保留) (boryu)
* → Vietnamese: bảo lưu (保留)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 保 | 留 |
| ほ Grade: 5 | りゅう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほりゅう [hòryúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ɾʲɨː]

### Noun

保(ほ)留(りゅう) • (horyū)
* hold, suspension

### Verb

保(ほ)留(りゅう)する • (horyū suru) suru (stem 保(ほ)留(りゅう)し (horyū shi), past 保(ほ)留(りゅう)した (horyū shita))
* defer, suspend

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 保留し | ほりゅうし | horyū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 保留し | ほりゅうし | horyū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 保留する | ほりゅうする | horyū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 保留する | ほりゅうする | horyū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 保留すれ | ほりゅうすれ | horyū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 保留せよ¹ 保留しろ² | ほりゅうせよ¹ ほりゅうしろ² | horyū seyo¹ horyū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 保留される | ほりゅうされる | horyū sareru |
| Causative | 保留させる 保留さす | ほりゅうさせる ほりゅうさす | horyū saseru horyū sasu |
| Potential | 保留できる | ほりゅうできる | horyū dekiru |
| Volitional | 保留しよう | ほりゅうしよう | horyū shiyō |
| Negative | 保留しない | ほりゅうしない | horyū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 保留せず | ほりゅうせず | horyū sezu |
| Formal | 保留します | ほりゅうします | horyū shimasu |
| Perfective | 保留した | ほりゅうした | horyū shita |
| Conjunctive | 保留して | ほりゅうして | horyū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 保留すれば | ほりゅうすれば | horyū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN