# 突然
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tūrán, túrán
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨ ㄖㄢˊ, ㄊㄨˊ ㄖㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dat$^6$ jin$^4$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'tiit$^6$ len$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thut-yèn / thut-yàn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tud$^6$ yan$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tu̍t-liân / tu̍t-jiân / thu̍t-jiân / thu̍t-liân
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$deq-zoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tūrán
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨ ㄖㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: turán
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^1$-jan$^2$
*** Yale: tū-rán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: turan
*** Palladius: тужань (tužanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu⁵⁵ ʐän³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: túrán
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˊ ㄖㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: túrán
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^2$-jan$^2$
*** Yale: tú-rán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: twuran
*** Palladius: тужань (tužanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu³⁵ ʐän³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$徒然 突然
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dat$^6$ jin$^4$
*** Yale: daht yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dat$^9$ jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ded$^6$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɐt̚² jiːn²¹/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'tiit$^6$ len$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈtʰɨt̚⁵ lɛn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thut-yèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: tud$^ˋ$ ien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tud$^5$ yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚² i̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thut-yàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: tud$^ˋ$ (r)ian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tud$^5$ yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚² (j)i̯an¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tud$^6$ yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰut̚⁵ ian¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t-liân
*** Tâi-lô: tu̍t-liân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dudlieen
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /tut̚⁴⁻³² liɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tut̚²⁴⁻² liɛn²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tu̍t-jiân
*** Tâi-lô: tu̍t-jiân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dudjieen
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tut̚⁴⁻³² ziɛn²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tut̚¹²¹⁻²¹ d͡ziɛn¹³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thu̍t-jiân
*** Tâi-lô: thu̍t-jiân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tudjieen
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰut̚⁴⁻³² ziɛn²³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thu̍t-liân
*** Tâi-lô: thu̍t-liân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tudlieen
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰut̚⁴⁻³² liɛn²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$deq-zoe
*** MiniDict: deh$^入$ zoe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$deq-zoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /dəʔ¹¹ zø²³/

### Adjective

突然
* sudden; abrupt

#### Synonyms

* 突兀 (tūwù)

### Adverb

突然
* suddenly; abruptly
    突然哭起來／突然哭起来 ― tūrán kū qǐlái ― to burst into tears
       Jīntiān wǒ tūrán jiù yìyù le. [Pinyin]
       Today I suddenly started feeling depressed.
       Tā tūrán jiù zhuǎnshēn zǒukāi le. [Pinyin]
       He abruptly turned on his heel and walked away.
       Wǒ tūrán fāxiàn wǒmen hǎoxiàng shàng le tā de dàng. [Pinyin]
       I suddenly discovered that we had been taken in by him.

#### Synonyms

* 一下 (yīxià)
* 一下子 (yīxiàzi)
* 一舉／一举 (yījǔ)
* 一頭／一头 (yītóu)
* 乍然 (zhàrán) (literary)
* 倏忽 (literary)
* 卒爾／卒尔 (cù'ěr) (literary)
* 忽地 (hūdì)
* 忽然 (hūrán)
* 𢫦𢫦風／𢫦𢫦风 (Hakka)
* 暫／暂 (zàn) (literary)
* 猛 (měng)
* 猝然 (cùrán)
* 猛然 (měngrán)
* 猝爾／猝尔 (cù'ěr) (literary)
* 突然間／突然间 (tūránjiān)
* 豁然 (huòrán) (literary)
* 遽然 (jùrán) (literary)
* 陡 (dǒu) (literary, or in compounds)
* 陡然 (dǒurán)
* 霍然 (huòrán)
* 頓／顿 (literary)
* 頓然／顿然 (dùnrán)
* 驀地／蓦地
* 驀然／蓦然 (mòrán) (formal)
* 驟然／骤然 (zhòurán) (literary)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 突然, 忽然, 猝然 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 突然, 忽然, 猛然, 驀地, 乍然, 倏忽, 驟然, 猝然, 突然間, 冷不防, 一下, 一下子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 忽然間, 冒猛地, 冒猛子, 冒冷子, 乍猛地, 乍乍地, 乍麼實兒, 虎拉巴兒, 一下兒, 一下子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 突然, 忽然, 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 突然, 忽然, 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 突乎其然 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 突然, 突然間, 突然之間, 失驚無神, 失驚忘神 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 突然, 突然間, 突然之間, 忽然, 忽然間, 忽然之間, 失驚無神, 失雞無神, 一下 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 忽然間 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 突然之間 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 突然 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 突然 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 玄工, 玄玄風, 突然 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 突然 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 陣時間 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 陣間 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 臨陣, 三不臨陣 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 突然, 忽然, 暴其然, 無張無持, 無張持 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 突然, 忽然, 無張無持, 無張持 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 突然, 忽然, 暴其然, 無張無持, 無張持, 喝一下 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 突然間, 忽然間, 雄雄, 無張持 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 雄險 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 突然間, 忽然間 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 忽然間 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 突然 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 突然 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 著生頭裡, 著陌生頭, 著陌生裡, 著末生頭, 辣陌生頭, 辣末生頭, 辣末生裡, 冷陌生頭, 突然之間, 突然, 忽聲能 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 單下 |

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 突然(とつぜん) (totsuzen)
* → Korean: 돌연(突然) (doryeon)
* → Vietnamese: đột nhiên (突然)

### Derived terms

* 突然襲擊／突然袭击 (tūránxíjī)

### See also

* 無緣無故／无缘无故 (wúyuánwúgù, “without cause or reason; for no reason at all”)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 突 | 然 |
| とつ Grade: S | ぜん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 突然 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とつぜん [tòtsúzéń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞t͡sɨzẽ̞ɴ]

### Adjective

突(とつ)然(ぜん) • (totsuzen) -na (adnominal 突(とつ)然(ぜん)な (totsuzen na), adverbial 突(とつ)然(ぜん)に (totsuzen ni))
* sudden

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | 突然だろ | とつぜんだろ | totsuzen daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | 突然で | とつぜんで | totsuzen de |
| Terminal (終止形) | 突然だ | とつぜんだ | totsuzen da |
| Attributive (連体形) | 突然な | とつぜんな | totsuzen na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 突然なら | とつぜんなら | totsuzen nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | 突然であれ | とつぜんであれ | totsuzen de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | 突然ではない 突然じゃない | とつぜんではない とつぜんじゃない | totsuzen de wa nai totsuzen ja nai |
| Informal past | 突然だった | とつぜんだった | totsuzen datta |
| Informal negative past | 突然ではなかった 突然じゃなかった | とつぜんではなかった とつぜんじゃなかった | totsuzen de wa nakatta totsuzen ja nakatta |
| Formal | 突然です | とつぜんです | totsuzen desu |
| Formal negative | 突然ではありません 突然じゃありません | とつぜんではありません とつぜんじゃありません | totsuzen de wa arimasen totsuzen ja arimasen |
| Formal past | 突然でした | とつぜんでした | totsuzen deshita |
| Formal negative past | 突然ではありませんでした 突然じゃありませんでした | とつぜんではありませんでした とつぜんじゃありませんでした | totsuzen de wa arimasen deshita totsuzen ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | 突然で | とつぜんで | totsuzen de |
| Conditional | 突然なら（ば） | とつぜんなら（ば） | totsuzen nara (ba) |
| Provisional | 突然だったら | とつぜんだったら | totsuzen dattara |
| Volitional | 突然だろう | とつぜんだろう | totsuzen darō |
| Adverbial | 突然に | とつぜんに | totsuzen ni |
| Degree | 突然さ | とつぜんさ | totsuzensa |

#### Synonyms

* 急(きゅう) (kyū)

### Adverb

突(とつ)然(ぜん) • (totsuzen)
* suddenly

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 突 | 然 |

### Adverb

突然 • (doryeon) (hangeul 돌연)
* hanja form of 돌연 (“suddenly; unexpectedly; abruptly; all of a sudden”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 突 | 然 |

### Adverb

突然
* chữ Hán form of đột nhiên (“suddenly”).