# رفتن
## Persian
### Etymology 1

From Middle Persian [script needed] (SGYTWN-tn' /⁠raftan⁠/, “to move, proceed”), from Proto-Iranian *Hrab- / *Hraf- (“to go”), of uncertain origin.
Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reh₁p- (“to move, crawl”), in which case compare English reptile, Latin rēpō (“I creep”), Latvian rãpât, râpt, Middle High German reben (“to move, steer”), rebe (“offshoot, bud”). Edelman reconstructs the Proto-Indo-European root as *rebʰ- (“to move, hurry”) instead, and cites the Germanic cognates listed above, as well as Old Irish rebrad (“children's game”).
Alternatively, per Cheung, perhaps a blend of Proto-Iranian *Hap/f- (“to reach, attain”) and *Har- (“to go towards, reach”), the former from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ep- (“to take, seize”) and cognate with Latin apīscor (“I try to seize”), the latter from Proto-Indo-European *h₁er- (“to go to, reach”) and cognate with Ancient Greek ἔρχομαι (érkhomai, “to go, come”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ɾaf.ˈtan]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [räf.t̪ʰǽn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [räf.t̪ʰǽn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [räf.t̪ʰǽn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [räf.t̪ʰǽn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹæf.t̪ʰǽn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [ɾäf.t̪ʰǽn]
* Audio (Iran):(file)

#### Verb

| Dari | رفتن |
| Iranian Persian | رفتن |
| Tajik | рафтан |
رَفتَن • (raftan) (present stem رو (rav))
* to go
** بیا بریم دشت از عبید زاکانی
    بیا بریم دشت. کدوم دشت؟ همون دشتی که خرگوش تاب دارهbiyâ berim dašt. kodum dašt? hamun dašti ke xarguš tâb dâre.Come, let's go to the field. Which field? The field that has rabbits.
    رفتم خونه مامانم برای جشن تولد خواهر کوچیکم.raftam xune-ye mâmânam barâ-ye jašn-e tavallod-e xâhar-e kučikam.I went to my mom's house for my little sister's birthday party.
* to leave
** 2012, Yas & Aamin, Vaghte Raftan:سخته رفتن بس که سردم من حرف دلای شکستم من با هر خاطره با غم می‍رم با اینکه وابستمsaxt-e raftan bas ke sardam man harf-e dal-a-ye šekastam man bâ har xâtere bâ ğam mi-ram bâ inke vâbastam(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* to depart
* to pass away, to die

##### Derived terms

* روا (ravâ)
* روان (ravân)
* روانه (ravâne)
* روش (raveš)
* روند (ravand)
* رونده (ravande)
* رفتار (raftâr)

##### Related terms

* (deferential) تشریف بردن (tašrif bordan)
* (antonym) آمدن (âmadan)
* (synonym) شدن (šodan)
* (reborrowing) رواج (ravâj)

#### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “SGYTWN-tn'”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 70
* ↑ Nourai, Ali (2011) An Etymological Dictionary of Persian, English and other Indo-European Languages, page 391
* ↑ Edelʹman, D. I. (2020) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 324
* ↑ Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 161-3; 163-5; 184-5

### Etymology 2

From Middle Persian [script needed] (lwp- /⁠rōb-⁠/), from Proto-Iranian *raup- (“to sweep”), itself probably a semantic specialization of Proto-Iranian *raup- (“to take away, rob”), of uncertain further origin. Perhaps related to Vedic Sanskrit योप् (yop, “to wipe out, efface, remove, erase”) and Ancient Greek γῡ́ψ (gū́ps, “vulture”), the latter which has been conjecturally analyzed as a compound from Proto-Indo-European *gʷu-yup- (“taking away cows”). Cognate with Baluchi روپگ (rópag, “to sweep, broom”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Iran, formal) IPA: [ɹof.t̪ʰǽn]

#### Verb

| Dari | روفتن |
| Iranian Persian | رفتن |
| Tajik | рӯфтан |
رُفتَن • (roftan) (present stem روب (rub))
* to sweep

##### Conjugation
#### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “lwp-”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 319-21

### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “رفتن”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

## Urdu
### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian رفتن (raftan).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɾəf.t̪ən/

#### Verb

رَفْتَن • (raftan) (Hindi spelling रफ़्तन)
* to go
* to pass away

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Classical Persian رفتن (ruftan).

#### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /ɾʊf.t̪ən/

#### Verb

رُفْتَن • (ruftan) (Hindi spelling रुफ़्तन)
* to sweep