# تعهد
## Arabic

* Root
* ع ه د (ʕ h d)
* 9 terms

### Etymology 1.1
#### Verb

تَعَهَّدَ • (taʕahhada) V (non-past يَتَعَهَّدُ (yataʕahhadu), verbal noun تَعَهُّد (taʕahhud))
* to advocate, to support (a cause, a position)
* (transitive) to pay attention to, to keep in mind
* (transitive) to care for, to maintain
* to assume (a burden)
* to pledge, to commit, to promise [with لِ (li) ‘to someone’, along with بِ (bi) or عَلَى أَن (ʕalā ʔan, + subjunctive clause) ‘to do something’]
* to know from experience, to know directly [with accusative or بِ (bi) ‘something’]

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ta.ʕah.hud/

#### Noun

تَعَهُّد • (taʕahhud) m
* verbal noun of تَعَهَّدَ (taʕahhada) (form V)
* pledge, guarantee
* affidavit

##### Descendants

* → Persian: تعهد
* → Ottoman Turkish: تعهد
** Turkish: taahhüt

### Etymology 1.3
#### Verb

تعهد (form I)
* تَعْهَدُ (taʕhadu) /taʕ.ha.du/: inflection of عَهِدَ (ʕahida):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active indicative
** third-person feminine singular non-past active indicative
* تُعْهَدُ (tuʕhadu) /tuʕ.ha.du/: inflection of عَهِدَ (ʕahida):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive indicative
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive indicative
* تَعْهَدَ (taʕhada) /taʕ.ha.da/: inflection of عَهِدَ (ʕahida):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active subjunctive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active subjunctive
* تُعْهَدَ (tuʕhada) /tuʕ.ha.da/: inflection of عَهِدَ (ʕahida):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive subjunctive
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive subjunctive
* تَعْهَدْ (taʕhad) /taʕ.had/: inflection of عَهِدَ (ʕahida):
** second-person masculine singular non-past active jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past active jussive
* تُعْهَدْ (tuʕhad) /tuʕ.had/: inflection of عَهِدَ (ʕahida):
** second-person masculine singular non-past passive jussive
** third-person feminine singular non-past passive jussive

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic تَعَهُّد (taʕahhud), verbal noun of تَعَهَّدَ (taʕahhada).

### Noun

تعهد • (ta'ahhüd) (plural تعهدات)
* obligation, promise, engagement

#### Descendants

* Turkish: taahhüt

### References

* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تعهد”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 383
* Avery, Robert et al., editors (2013), “taahhüd”, in The Redhouse Dictionary Turkish/Ottoman English, 21st edition, Istanbul: Sev Yayıncılık, →ISBN

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic تَعَهُّد (taʕahhud).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [ta.ʔah.ˈhuð]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰä.ʔäɦ.hʊ́d̪]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰä.ʔäɦ.hʊ́d̪]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [t̪ʰɑːɑːʊ́d̪]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [t̪ʰɔːɔːúd̪̥]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰæ.ʔæɦ.hód̪̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [t̪ʰä.ʔäɦ.húd̪]

### Noun

تعهد • (ta'ahhod) (plural تعهدات (ta'ahhodât))
* commitment, obligation
    تعهدات بین المللی ― ta'ahhodât-e beyn-ol-melali ― international commitments
* (obsolete) looking after, attending to
** c. 1075, Abu'l-Fażl Muḥammad ibn Ḥusayn Bayhaqī, تاریخ بیهقی [Tārīkh-i Bayhaqī]:و روز آدینه نیمه ذی الحجّه این سال نامه رسید که سلیمانی رسول بشبورقان‌ رسید و از ری تا آنجا ولات و عمال و گماشتگان سلطان سخت نیکو تعهّد کردند و رسم استقبال را بجا آوردند.u rōz-i ādēna nīma-yi ḏī-l-hijja-yi īn sāl nāma rasīd ki sulaymanī rasūl ba šabūrqān rasīd u az rayy tā ānjā wulāt u ummāl u gumāštagān-i sultān saxt nēkū ta'ahhud kardand u rasm-i istiqbāl rā ba jā āwardand.And on Friday, the fifteenth of the month of Dhū al-Ḥijja of this year, a letter came saying that Sulaymanī had come as an envoy towards Shabūrqān, and from Rayy up to there, the sultan's governors, agents, and deputies attended to him very well and carried out the welcome ceremonies.(Classical Persian transliteration)

### Further reading

* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “تعهد”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “تعهد”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim