# γλῶσσα
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* γλάσσᾰ (glássa) — Ionic
* γλῶττᾰ (glôtta) — Attic

### Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *glṓťťā; further etymology uncertain. Per Beekes, perhaps originally “provided with a point”, equivalent to γλῶχες (glôkhes, “beard of corn”) +‎ -ια (-ia), from Proto-Indo-European *glṓgʰs ~ *gl̥gʰós (“point”) (assuming cognacy with Proto-Slavic *glogъ (“thorn, hawthorn”), but the connection is disputed). Alternatively, related to Proto-Germanic *tulgaz (“tongue”), a poetic word, from a different Proto-Indo-European root noun *dlṓgʰs ~ *dl̥gʰós; compare γλυκύς (glukús) for the phonetics.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡlɔ̂ːs.sa/ → /ˈɣlos.sa/ → /ˈɣlo.sa/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɡlɔ̂ːs.sa/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈɡlos.sa/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈɣlos.sa/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈɣlos.sa/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈɣlo.sa/

### Noun

γλῶσσᾰ • (glôssa) f (genitive γλώσσης); first declension (Ionic)
* (anatomy) The tongue.
* A language.
* Anything shaped like the tongue:
** (music) The mouthpiece of a pipe.
** The tongue or thong of leather, shoe-latchet.
** The tongue of land.
** Ingot.
** (divination) The marking on the liver.

#### Derived terms

* ᾰ̓γκῠλόγλωσσον (ankulóglōsson)
* ᾰ̓γλωσσος (aglōssos)
* ᾰ̓λλόγλωσσος (allóglōssos)
* βᾰθῠ́γλωσσος (bathúglōssos)
* βούγλωσσον (boúglōsson)
* βρᾰδῠ́γλωσσος (bradúglōssos)
* γλῶσσαι (glôssai)
* γλώσσᾰλγος (glṓssalgos)
* γλωσσᾰ́ρῐον (glōssárion)
* γλώσσημᾰ (glṓssēma)
* γλωσσογρᾰ́φος (glōssográphos)
* γλωσσοκομεῖον (glōssokomeîon)
* γλωσσοτομέ (glōssotomé)
* γλωσσώδης (glōssṓdēs)
* δῐ́γλωσσος (díglōssos)
* ἐπῐγλωσσᾰ́ομαι (epiglōssáomai)
* ἐπῐγλωσσῐ́ς (epiglōssís)
* ἑτερόγλωσσος (heteróglōssos)
* εὔγλωσσος (eúglōssos)
* εὐθῠ́γλωσσος (euthúglōssos)
* ῐ̓δῐόγλωσσος (idióglōssos)
* ῐ̔ερόγλωσσος (hieróglōssos)
* κῠνόγλωσσος (kunóglōssos)
* μελῐ́γλωσσος (melíglōssos)
* ὁμόγλωσσος (homóglōssos)
* πᾰλῐ́γγλωσσος (palínglōssos)
* πῐκρόγλωσσος (pikróglōssos)
* πλᾰτῠ́γλωσσος (platúglōssos)
* πολῠ́γλωσσος (polúglōssos)
* πρόγλωσσος (próglōssos)
* τᾰχῠ́γλωσσος (takhúglōssos)
* ῠ̒πογλωσσί̆ς (u̒poglōssís)
* ῠ̒πόγλωσσον (u̒póglōsson)
* ῠ̒πόγλωσσος (u̒póglōssos)
* χᾰρῐτόγλωσσος (kharitóglōssos)

#### Descendants
##### Inherited

* Greek: γλώσσα (glóssa)
* Italiot Greek: glossa
* Mariupol Greek: гло́са (hlósa)
* Tsakonian: γρούσσα (groússa)

##### Borrowed

* → English: glossa
* → Latin: glossa, glōsa, gloss. (abbreviation)
** → Catalan: glossa
** → Middle English: glosse
*** English: gloss
** → Middle High German: glōse
*** German: Glosse
** Italian: chiosa, → glossa
** → Old French: glose
*** Middle French: glose
**** French: glose
*** → Czech: glosa
** → Old Irish: glúas
*** Middle Irish: glúais
**** Irish: gluais
** → Old Galician-Portuguese: glosa
*** Portuguese: glosa
** → Old Spanish: glosa
*** Spanish: glosa
** → Polish: glosa
** → Romanian: glosă

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “γλῶσσα”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 278
* ↑ Kroonen, Guus (2013) “*tulga-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 525

### Further reading

* “γλῶσσα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “γλῶσσα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “γλῶσσα”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* γλῶσσα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* γλῶσσα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* γλῶσσα in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
* “γλῶσσα”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G1100 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. brogue idem, page 100.dialect idem, page 222.language idem, page 475.mouthpiece idem, page 544.speech idem, page 800.taste idem, page 856.tongue idem, page 880.utterance idem, page 941.