# hlaba
## Lala (South Africa)
### Noun

hlâba
* earth

## Northern Sotho
### Verb

hlaba
* to stab

## Phuthi
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-hlaba
* to stab

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Sotho
### Verb

hlaba
* to stab

## Southern Ndebele
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-hlaba
* to stab, to slaughter

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Verb

-hlába
* to stab

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-hlaba
* (transitive) to pierce, to stick, to stab, to prick
* (transitive) to kill, to slaughter (an animal)
* (transitive) to cause sharp stabbing pains to
* (transitive) to hurt emotionally
* (transitive) to do perfectly

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuhlaba |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuhlaba | ukungahlabi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | hlaba | -hlabe |
| Plural | hlabani | -hlabeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyahlaba, ngihlaba | engihlabayo, engihlaba | ngihlaba | angihlabi | engingahlabi | ngingahlabi |
| 2nd singular | uyahlaba, uhlaba | ohlabayo, ohlaba | uhlaba | awuhlabi | ongahlabi | ungahlabi |
| 1st plural | siyahlaba, sihlaba | esihlabayo, esihlaba | sihlaba | asihlabi | esingahlabi | singahlabi |
| 2nd plural | niyahlaba, nihlaba | enihlabayo, enihlaba | nihlaba | anihlabi | eningahlabi | ningahlabi |
| Class 1 | uyahlaba, uhlaba | ohlabayo, ohlaba | ehlaba | akahlabi | ongahlabi | engahlabi |
| Class 2 | bayahlaba, bahlaba | abahlabayo, abahlaba | behlaba | abahlabi | abangahlabi | bengahlabi |
| Class 3 | uyahlaba, uhlaba | ohlabayo, ohlaba | uhlaba | awuhlabi | ongahlabi | ungahlabi |
| Class 4 | iyahlaba, ihlaba | ehlabayo, ehlaba | ihlaba | ayihlabi | engahlabi | ingahlabi |
| Class 5 | liyahlaba, lihlaba | elihlabayo, elihlaba | lihlaba | alihlabi | elingahlabi | lingahlabi |
| Class 6 | ayahlaba, ahlaba | ahlabayo, ahlaba | ehlaba | awahlabi | angahlabi | engahlabi |
| Class 7 | siyahlaba, sihlaba | esihlabayo, esihlaba | sihlaba | asihlabi | esingahlabi | singahlabi |
| Class 8 | ziyahlaba, zihlaba | ezihlabayo, ezihlaba | zihlaba | azihlabi | ezingahlabi | zingahlabi |
| Class 9 | iyahlaba, ihlaba | ehlabayo, ehlaba | ihlaba | ayihlabi | engahlabi | ingahlabi |
| Class 10 | ziyahlaba, zihlaba | ezihlabayo, ezihlaba | zihlaba | azihlabi | ezingahlabi | zingahlabi |
| Class 11 | luyahlaba, luhlaba | oluhlabayo, oluhlaba | luhlaba | aluhlabi | olungahlabi | lungahlabi |
| Class 14 | buyahlaba, buhlaba | obuhlabayo, obuhlaba | buhlaba | abuhlabi | obungahlabi | bungahlabi |
| Class 15 | kuyahlaba, kuhlaba | okuhlabayo, okuhlaba | kuhlaba | akuhlabi | okungahlabi | kungahlabi |
| Class 17 | kuyahlaba, kuhlaba | okuhlabayo, okuhlaba | kuhlaba | akuhlabi | okungahlabi | kungahlabi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngihlabile, ngihlabē | engihlabile, engihlabē | ngihlabile, ngihlabē | angihlabanga | engingahlabanga | ngingahlabanga |
| 2nd singular | uhlabile, uhlabē | ohlabile, ohlabē | uhlabile, uhlabē | awuhlabanga | ongahlabanga | ungahlabanga |
| 1st plural | sihlabile, sihlabē | esihlabile, esihlabē | sihlabile, sihlabē | asihlabanga | esingahlabanga | singahlabanga |
| 2nd plural | nihlabile, nihlabē | enihlabile, enihlabē | nihlabile, nihlabē | anihlabanga | eningahlabanga | ningahlabanga |
| Class 1 | uhlabile, uhlabē | ohlabile, ohlabē | ehlabile, ehlabē | akahlabanga | ongahlabanga | engahlabanga |
| Class 2 | bahlabile, bahlabē | abahlabile, abahlabē | behlabile, behlabē | abahlabanga | abangahlabanga | bengahlabanga |
| Class 3 | uhlabile, uhlabē | ohlabile, ohlabē | uhlabile, uhlabē | awuhlabanga | ongahlabanga | ungahlabanga |
| Class 4 | ihlabile, ihlabē | ehlabile, ehlabē | ihlabile, ihlabē | ayihlabanga | engahlabanga | ingahlabanga |
| Class 5 | lihlabile, lihlabē | elihlabile, elihlabē | lihlabile, lihlabē | alihlabanga | elingahlabanga | lingahlabanga |
| Class 6 | ahlabile, ahlabē | ahlabile, ahlabē | ehlabile, ehlabē | awahlabanga | angahlabanga | engahlabanga |
| Class 7 | sihlabile, sihlabē | esihlabile, esihlabē | sihlabile, sihlabē | asihlabanga | esingahlabanga | singahlabanga |
| Class 8 | zihlabile, zihlabē | ezihlabile, ezihlabē | zihlabile, zihlabē | azihlabanga | ezingahlabanga | zingahlabanga |
| Class 9 | ihlabile, ihlabē | ehlabile, ehlabē | ihlabile, ihlabē | ayihlabanga | engahlabanga | ingahlabanga |
| Class 10 | zihlabile, zihlabē | ezihlabile, ezihlabē | zihlabile, zihlabē | azihlabanga | ezingahlabanga | zingahlabanga |
| Class 11 | luhlabile, luhlabē | oluhlabile, oluhlabē | luhlabile, luhlabē | aluhlabanga | olungahlabanga | lungahlabanga |
| Class 14 | buhlabile, buhlabē | obuhlabile, obuhlabē | buhlabile, buhlabē | abuhlabanga | obungahlabanga | bungahlabanga |
| Class 15 | kuhlabile, kuhlabē | okuhlabile, okuhlabē | kuhlabile, kuhlabē | akuhlabanga | okungahlabanga | kungahlabanga |
| Class 17 | kuhlabile, kuhlabē | okuhlabile, okuhlabē | kuhlabile, kuhlabē | akuhlabanga | okungahlabanga | kungahlabanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāhlaba | engāhlaba | ngāhlaba | angihlabanga | engingahlabanga | ngingahlabanga |
| 2nd singular | wāhlaba | owāhlaba | wāhlaba | awuhlabanga | ongahlabanga | ungahlabanga |
| 1st plural | sāhlaba | esāhlaba | sāhlaba | asihlabanga | esingahlabanga | singahlabanga |
| 2nd plural | nāhlaba | enāhlaba | nāhlaba | anihlabanga | eningahlabanga | ningahlabanga |
| Class 1 | wāhlaba | owāhlaba | āhlaba | akahlabanga | ongahlabanga | engahlabanga |
| Class 2 | bāhlaba | abāhlaba | bāhlaba | abahlabanga | abangahlabanga | bengahlabanga |
| Class 3 | wāhlaba | owāhlaba | wāhlaba | awuhlabanga | ongahlabanga | ungahlabanga |
| Class 4 | yāhlaba | eyāhlaba | yāhlaba | ayihlabanga | engahlabanga | ingahlabanga |
| Class 5 | lāhlaba | elāhlaba | lāhlaba | alihlabanga | elingahlabanga | lingahlabanga |
| Class 6 | āhlaba | āhlaba | āhlaba | awahlabanga | angahlabanga | engahlabanga |
| Class 7 | sāhlaba | esāhlaba | sāhlaba | asihlabanga | esingahlabanga | singahlabanga |
| Class 8 | zāhlaba | ezāhlaba | zāhlaba | azihlabanga | ezingahlabanga | zingahlabanga |
| Class 9 | yāhlaba | eyāhlaba | yāhlaba | ayihlabanga | engahlabanga | ingahlabanga |
| Class 10 | zāhlaba | ezāhlaba | zāhlaba | azihlabanga | ezingahlabanga | zingahlabanga |
| Class 11 | lwāhlaba | olwāhlaba | lwāhlaba | aluhlabanga | olungahlabanga | lungahlabanga |
| Class 14 | bāhlaba | obāhlaba | bāhlaba | abuhlabanga | obungahlabanga | bungahlabanga |
| Class 15 | kwāhlaba | okwāhlaba | kwāhlaba | akuhlabanga | okungahlabanga | kungahlabanga |
| Class 17 | kwāhlaba | okwāhlaba | kwāhlaba | akuhlabanga | okungahlabanga | kungahlabanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingahlaba | — | ngingahlaba | ngingehlabe | — | ngingehlabe |
| 2nd singular | ungahlaba | — | ungahlaba | ungehlabe | — | ungehlabe |
| 1st plural | singahlaba | — | singahlaba | singehlabe | — | singehlabe |
| 2nd plural | ningahlaba | — | ningahlaba | ningehlabe | — | ningehlabe |
| Class 1 | angahlaba | — | engahlaba | angehlabe | — | engehlabe |
| Class 2 | bangahlaba | — | bengahlaba | bangehlabe | — | bengehlabe |
| Class 3 | ungahlaba | — | ungahlaba | ungehlabe | — | ungehlabe |
| Class 4 | ingahlaba | — | ingahlaba | ingehlabe | — | ingehlabe |
| Class 5 | lingahlaba | — | lingahlaba | lingehlabe | — | lingehlabe |
| Class 6 | angahlaba | — | engahlaba | angehlabe | — | engehlabe |
| Class 7 | singahlaba | — | singahlaba | singehlabe | — | singehlabe |
| Class 8 | zingahlaba | — | zingahlaba | zingehlabe | — | zingehlabe |
| Class 9 | ingahlaba | — | ingahlaba | ingehlabe | — | ingehlabe |
| Class 10 | zingahlaba | — | zingahlaba | zingehlabe | — | zingehlabe |
| Class 11 | lungahlaba | — | lungahlaba | lungehlabe | — | lungehlabe |
| Class 14 | bungahlaba | — | bungahlaba | bungehlabe | — | bungehlabe |
| Class 15 | kungahlaba | — | kungahlaba | kungehlabe | — | kungehlabe |
| Class 17 | kungahlaba | — | kungahlaba | kungehlabe | — | kungehlabe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizohlaba | engizohlaba | ngizohlaba | angizuhlaba | engingezuhlaba | ngingezuhlaba |
| 2nd singular | uzohlaba | ozohlaba | uzohlaba | awuzuhlaba | ongezuhlaba | ungezuhlaba |
| 1st plural | sizohlaba | esizohlaba | sizohlaba | asizuhlaba | esingezuhlaba | singezuhlaba |
| 2nd plural | nizohlaba | enizohlaba | nizohlaba | anizuhlaba | eningezuhlaba | ningezuhlaba |
| Class 1 | uzohlaba | ozohlaba | ezohlaba | akazuhlaba | ongezuhlaba | engezuhlaba |
| Class 2 | bazohlaba | abazohlaba | bezohlaba | abazuhlaba | abangezuhlaba | bengezuhlaba |
| Class 3 | uzohlaba | ozohlaba | uzohlaba | awuzuhlaba | ongezuhlaba | ungezuhlaba |
| Class 4 | izohlaba | ezohlaba | izohlaba | ayizuhlaba | engezuhlaba | ingezuhlaba |
| Class 5 | lizohlaba | elizohlaba | lizohlaba | alizuhlaba | elingezuhlaba | lingezuhlaba |
| Class 6 | azohlaba | azohlaba | ezohlaba | awazuhlaba | angezuhlaba | engezuhlaba |
| Class 7 | sizohlaba | esizohlaba | sizohlaba | asizuhlaba | esingezuhlaba | singezuhlaba |
| Class 8 | zizohlaba | ezizohlaba | zizohlaba | azizuhlaba | ezingezuhlaba | zingezuhlaba |
| Class 9 | izohlaba | ezohlaba | izohlaba | ayizuhlaba | engezuhlaba | ingezuhlaba |
| Class 10 | zizohlaba | ezizohlaba | zizohlaba | azizuhlaba | ezingezuhlaba | zingezuhlaba |
| Class 11 | luzohlaba | oluzohlaba | luzohlaba | aluzuhlaba | olungezuhlaba | lungezuhlaba |
| Class 14 | buzohlaba | obuzohlaba | buzohlaba | abuzuhlaba | obungezuhlaba | bungezuhlaba |
| Class 15 | kuzohlaba | okuzohlaba | kuzohlaba | akuzuhlaba | okungezuhlaba | kungezuhlaba |
| Class 17 | kuzohlaba | okuzohlaba | kuzohlaba | akuzuhlaba | okungezuhlaba | kungezuhlaba |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyohlaba | engiyohlaba | ngiyohlaba | angiyuhlaba | engingeyuhlaba | ngingeyuhlaba |
| 2nd singular | uyohlaba | oyohlaba | uyohlaba | awuyuhlaba | ongeyuhlaba | ungeyuhlaba |
| 1st plural | siyohlaba | esiyohlaba | siyohlaba | asiyuhlaba | esingeyuhlaba | singeyuhlaba |
| 2nd plural | niyohlaba | eniyohlaba | niyohlaba | aniyuhlaba | eningeyuhlaba | ningeyuhlaba |
| Class 1 | uyohlaba | oyohlaba | eyohlaba | akayuhlaba | ongeyuhlaba | engeyuhlaba |
| Class 2 | bayohlaba | abayohlaba | beyohlaba | abayuhlaba | abangeyuhlaba | bengeyuhlaba |
| Class 3 | uyohlaba | oyohlaba | uyohlaba | awuyuhlaba | ongeyuhlaba | ungeyuhlaba |
| Class 4 | iyohlaba | eyohlaba | iyohlaba | ayiyuhlaba | engeyuhlaba | ingeyuhlaba |
| Class 5 | liyohlaba | eliyohlaba | liyohlaba | aliyuhlaba | elingeyuhlaba | lingeyuhlaba |
| Class 6 | ayohlaba | ayohlaba | eyohlaba | awayuhlaba | angeyuhlaba | engeyuhlaba |
| Class 7 | siyohlaba | esiyohlaba | siyohlaba | asiyuhlaba | esingeyuhlaba | singeyuhlaba |
| Class 8 | ziyohlaba | eziyohlaba | ziyohlaba | aziyuhlaba | ezingeyuhlaba | zingeyuhlaba |
| Class 9 | iyohlaba | eyohlaba | iyohlaba | ayiyuhlaba | engeyuhlaba | ingeyuhlaba |
| Class 10 | ziyohlaba | eziyohlaba | ziyohlaba | aziyuhlaba | ezingeyuhlaba | zingeyuhlaba |
| Class 11 | luyohlaba | oluyohlaba | luyohlaba | aluyuhlaba | olungeyuhlaba | lungeyuhlaba |
| Class 14 | buyohlaba | obuyohlaba | buyohlaba | abuyuhlaba | obungeyuhlaba | bungeyuhlaba |
| Class 15 | kuyohlaba | okuyohlaba | kuyohlaba | akuyuhlaba | okungeyuhlaba | kungeyuhlaba |
| Class 17 | kuyohlaba | okuyohlaba | kuyohlaba | akuyuhlaba | okungeyuhlaba | kungeyuhlaba |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngihlabe | ngingahlabi |
| 2nd singular | uhlabe | ungahlabi |
| 1st plural | sihlabe | singahlabi |
| 2nd plural | nihlabe | ningahlabi |
| Class 1 | ahlabe | angahlabi |
| Class 2 | bahlabe | bangahlabi |
| Class 3 | uhlabe | ungahlabi |
| Class 4 | ihlabe | ingahlabi |
| Class 5 | lihlabe | lingahlabi |
| Class 6 | ahlabe | angahlabi |
| Class 7 | sihlabe | singahlabi |
| Class 8 | zihlabe | zingahlabi |
| Class 9 | ihlabe | ingahlabi |
| Class 10 | zihlabe | zingahlabi |
| Class 11 | luhlabe | lungahlabi |
| Class 14 | buhlabe | bungahlabi |
| Class 15 | kuhlabe | kungahlabi |
| Class 17 | kuhlabe | kungahlabi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngahlaba | ngangahlaba, angahlaba, angangahlaba |
| 2nd singular | wahlaba | wangahlaba, awahlaba, awangahlaba |
| 1st plural | sahlaba | sangahlaba, asahlaba, asangahlaba |
| 2nd plural | nahlaba | nangahlaba, anahlaba, anangahlaba |
| Class 1 | wahlaba | wangahlaba, akahlaba, akangahlaba |
| Class 2 | bahlaba | bangahlaba, abahlaba, abangahlaba |
| Class 3 | wahlaba | wangahlaba, awahlaba, awangahlaba |
| Class 4 | yahlaba | yangahlaba, ayahlaba, ayangahlaba |
| Class 5 | lahlaba | langahlaba, alahlaba, alangahlaba |
| Class 6 | ahlaba | angahlaba, awahlaba, awangahlaba |
| Class 7 | sahlaba | sangahlaba, asahlaba, asangahlaba |
| Class 8 | zahlaba | zangahlaba, azahlaba, azangahlaba |
| Class 9 | yahlaba | yangahlaba, ayahlaba, ayangahlaba |
| Class 10 | zahlaba | zangahlaba, azahlaba, azangahlaba |
| Class 11 | lwahlaba | lwangahlaba, alwahlaba, alwangahlaba |
| Class 14 | bahlaba | bangahlaba, abahlaba, abangahlaba |
| Class 15 | kwahlaba | kwangahlaba, akwahlaba, akwangahlaba |
| Class 17 | kwahlaba | kwangahlaba, akwahlaba, akwangahlaba |

#### Derived terms

* inhlaba

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hlaɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlaɓa (6.3)”