# かす
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Alternative spellings
* 粕 糟 滓 渣
Possibly from Old Japanese. First cited to the Wamyō Ruijushō of 934 CE.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かす [káꜜsù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ka̠sɨ]

#### Noun

かす or カス • (kasu)
* [from 934] 粕, 糟: in sake production, the dregs or lees left over after extracting the liquid from the fermented rice mash
    Synonyms: 酒粕 (sake kasu), 酒の粕 (sake no kasu)
* [from 934] 滓, 渣: the sediment, impurities, dregs, or lees on the bottom of a container after a liquid has settled
    Synonyms: 滓・澱 (ori), 澱・淀 (odomi)
* [from 1002] 滓, 渣: anything left over after everything useful or good has been extracted
    Synonyms: (waste, dross) 屑 (kuzu), (leftovers, dross) 残り屑 (nokorikuzu)
* [from 1786] 滓, 渣: (derogatory) insulting reference to a person
* [from 1786] 滓, 渣: (playing cards) in 花札 (hanafuda, “traditional Japanese flower playing cards”), a one-point card, a garbage card
    Synonym: (garbage card) かすふだ (kasufuda)
* [from 1820] 粕, 糟: (figurative) a scolding, terrible criticism (only used in this sense in the set phrase 粕(かす)を食(く)う, 糟(かす)を食(く)う (kasu o kuu, literally “to eat the dregs”))

##### Derived terms

* アメカス (amekasu): an American person
* イタカス (itakasu): an Italian person
* オラカス (orakasu): a Dutch person
* カスラック (kasurakku): Japanese Society for Rights of Authors, Composers and Publishers
* 糟(かす)を食(く)う (kasu o kuu): “to eat the dregs” → to receive a scolding, to receive terrible criticism
* ケロカス (kerokasu): a fan of the Hiroshima Toyo Carp baseball team
* スペカス (supekasu): a Spanish person
* ツイカス (tsuikasu): a Twitter user
* ナチカス (nachikasu): a Nazi; a German person
* フラカス (furakasu): a French person
* ヤニカス (yanikasu): a tobacco addict
* ブリカス (burikasu): a British person
* パチカス (pachikasu): a pachinko addict
* ポルカス (porukasu): a Portuguese person

### Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of かす – see the following entry. :
| 【貸す】 | [verb] to lend; to let someone use [verb] to lease [verb] (American English) to rent out; (British English) to hire out |
(This term, かす (kasu), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as かす, see Category:Japanese kanji read as かす.) :

### Etymology 3

Any of various Chinese-derived terms.
For pronunciation and definitions of かす – see the following entries. :
| 【化す】 | [verb] change into |
| 【科す】 | [verb] to inflict; to impose (a fine, etc.)​ |
| 【課す】 | [verb] impose, such as a tax |
(This term, かす (kasu), is the hiragana spelling of the above terms.) For a list of all kanji read as かす, see Category:Japanese kanji read as かす.) :
(The following entries are uncreated: 架す, 嫁す, 痂す, 呵す.)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN