# cumprir
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* comprir

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese comprir (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *complīre, from Latin complēre. The retention of /pl/ is unusual and perhaps reflects some form of conservative tendency. Cf. encher < implēre for the more usual outcome. Compare Portuguese cumprir, Spanish cumplir.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kumˈpɾiɾ/

### Verb

cumprir (first-person singular present cumpro, first-person singular preterite cumprín, past participle cumprido) cumprir (first-person singular present cumpro, first-person singular preterite cumprim or cumpri, past participle cumprido, reintegrationist norm)
* (transitive or intransitive) to carry out, to do, to perform [transitive or with (somewhat formal) con ‘a task’]
* (transitive) to fulfil
* (transitive) to accomplish
* (pronominal) to come true, to be fulfilled
** 1370, R. Lorenzo, editor, Crónica troiana, A Coruña: Fundación Barrié, page 467:seméllame, fillo, que ora son cõpridos de tj os soños que eu sonaua et as uisiões que uij́a et as coytas grãdes que sofría ẽno coraçõit seems to me, my son, that by you the dreams I dreamed and the visions I envisioned are fulfilled and [finished] the big sorrows I suffered in my heart
* (transitive) to finish a period of time
** (of cows) to finish the pregnancy

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Related terms

* comprimento

### Verb

cumprir (third-person only, third-person singular present cómpre, third-person singular preterite cumpriu, past participle cumprido) cumprir (third-person only, third-person singular present cumpre, third-person singular preterite cumpriu, past participle cumprido, reintegrationist norm)
* (impersonal) to be necessary or advisable
    Cómpre que deixemos de emitir CO2 ― It is necessary that we stop emitting CO2
** 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 71:mudandolle o freo mansamente et fortemente como conprirchanging the bit gently and strongly, as needed
* (pronominal) to need, must
    Cómpreche facer exercicio ― You must exercise

#### Conjugation
### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “comprir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “conprir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “cumprir” in Xavier Varela Barreiro & Xavier Gómez Guinovart: Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval. SLI / Grupo TALG / ILG, 2006-2016.* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “cumprir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “cumprir”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “cumprir”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “cumplir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 290

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin *complīre, from Latin complēre. The retention of /pl/ is unusual and perhaps reflects some form of conservative tendency. Cf. encher < implēre for the more usual outcome. Compare Galician cumprir, Spanish cumplir.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /kũˈpɾi(ʁ)/ [kũˈpɾi(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /kũˈpɾi(ʁ)/ [kũˈpɾi(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /kũˈpɾi(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /kũˈpɾi(ʁ)/ [kũˈpɾi(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /kũˈpɾi(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kũˈpɾiɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /kũˈpɾiɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /kũˈpɾi.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: cum‧prir

### Verb

cumprir (first-person singular present cumpro, first-person singular preterite cumpri, past participle cumprido)
* (transitive or intransitive) to carry out, to do, to perform [transitive or with (somewhat formal) com ‘a task’]
    Você deveria cumprir com o seu dever.You should carry out your duty.
* (transitive) to fulfil
* (transitive) to accomplish
    Você cumpriu os seus objetivos?Did you accomplish your goals?
* (pronominal) to come true, to be fulfilled

#### Antonyms

* descumpir
* incumprir

#### Related terms

* cumprimento
* comprimento
* complemento
* completo

### References

* “cumprir”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
* “cumprir”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
* “cumprir”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1984) “cumplir”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), volumes II (Ce–F), Madrid: Gredos, →ISBN, page 290