# 哀痛
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): āitòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄞ ㄊㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): oi$^1$ tung$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ôi-thung
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ai-thòng / ai-thiàⁿ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: āitòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄞ ㄊㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: aitòng
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^1$-tʻung$^4$
*** Yale: āi-tùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: aitonq
*** Palladius: айтун (ajtun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: oi$^1$ tung$^3$
*** Yale: ōi tung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: oi$^1$ tung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: oi$^1$ tung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ɔːi̯⁵⁵ tʰʊŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ôi-thung
*** Hakka Romanization System: oi$^ˊ$ tung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: oi$^1$ tung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /oi̯²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰuŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ai-thòng
*** Tâi-lô: ai-thòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ai'toxng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ai³³ tʰɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /ai⁴⁴⁻²² tʰɔŋ²¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ai-thiàⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: ai-thiànn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ai'tviax
*** IPA (Taipei): /ai⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiã¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ai⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiã²¹/

### Adjective

哀痛
* sad; grieved

#### Synonyms

* 京京 (jīngjīng) (literary)
* 傷心／伤心 (shāngxīn)
* 傷悲／伤悲 (shāngbēi) (literary)
* 傷感／伤感 (shānggǎn)
* 傷懷／伤怀 (shānghuái) (literary)
* 傷痛／伤痛 (shāngtòng)
* 傷神／伤神 (shāngshén) (literary)
* 刺心 (cìxīn)
* 哀傷／哀伤 (āishāng)
* 哀切 (āiqiè)
* 哀怨 (āiyuàn)
* 哀悽／哀凄 (āiqī)
* 哀慟／哀恸 (āitòng)
* 哀戚 (āiqī) (literary)
* 心酸 (xīnsuān)
* 怛傷／怛伤 (dáshāng) (literary)
* 悄然 (qiǎorán) (literary)
* 情傷／情伤 (qíngshāng) (literary)
* 悲催 (bēicuī) (neologism, jocular)
* 悲傷／悲伤 (bēishāng)
* 悲切 (bēiqiè) (literary)
* 悲哀 (bēi'āi)
* 悲悽／悲凄 (bēiqī)
* 悱惻／悱恻 (fěicè) (literary)
* 悽惶／凄惶 (qīhuáng) (literary)
* 悽愴／凄怆 (qīchuàng) (literary)
* 悲愴／悲怆 (bēichuàng) (literary)
* 悲慘／悲惨 (bēicǎn)
* 悲慟／悲恸 (bēitòng)
* 悽戚／凄戚 (qīqī) (literary)
* 悲戚 (bēiqī)
* 悲摧 (bēicuī) (literary)
* 悲楚 (bēichǔ) (literary)
* 悲涼／悲凉 (bēiliáng)
* 悲痛 (bēitòng)
* 悲苦 (bēikǔ)
* 感傷／感伤 (gǎnshāng)
* 愀愴／愀怆 (qiǎochuàng)
* 愁楚 (chóuchǔ) (literary)
* 惻然／恻然 (cèrán) (literary)
* 愴然／怆然 (chuàngrán) (literary)
* 慘／惨 (cǎn)
* 憂傷／忧伤 (yōushāng)
* 慘悽／惨凄 (cǎnqī)
* 憂愁／忧愁 (yōuchóu)
* 憂戚／忧戚 (yōuqī) (literary)
* 慘淡／惨淡 (cǎndàn)
* 憯懍／憯懔 (cǎnlǐn)
* 懤懤／㤽㤽 (chóuchóu)
* 沉痛 (chéntòng)
* 淒切／凄切 (qīqiè)
* 淒惻／凄恻 (qīcè) (literary)
* 淒慘／凄惨 (qīcǎn)
* 淒楚／凄楚 (qīchǔ)
* 淒涼／凄凉 (qīliáng)
* 淒然／凄然 (qīrán) (literary)
* 痛心 (tòngxīn)
* 艱苦心／艰苦心 (Hokkien)
* 蒼涼／苍凉 (cāngliáng)
* 酸心 (suānxīn)
* 難受／难受 (nánshòu)
* 難過／难过 (nánguò)
* 青凊 (Hokkien)
* 黯然 (ànrán)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 哀 | 痛 |
| あい Grade: S | つう Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi | goon |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あいつう [àítsúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠it͡sɨː]

### Noun

哀(あい)痛(つう) • (aitsū)
* being saddened sincerely; lamenting

### Verb

哀(あい)痛(つう)する • (aitsū suru) intransitive suru (stem 哀(あい)痛(つう)し (aitsū shi), past 哀(あい)痛(つう)した (aitsū shita))
* to be saddened sincerely; to lament

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 哀痛し | あいつうし | aitsū shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 哀痛し | あいつうし | aitsū shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 哀痛する | あいつうする | aitsū suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 哀痛する | あいつうする | aitsū suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 哀痛すれ | あいつうすれ | aitsū sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 哀痛せよ¹ 哀痛しろ² | あいつうせよ¹ あいつうしろ² | aitsū seyo¹ aitsū shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 哀痛される | あいつうされる | aitsū sareru |
| Causative | 哀痛させる 哀痛さす | あいつうさせる あいつうさす | aitsū saseru aitsū sasu |
| Potential | 哀痛できる | あいつうできる | aitsū dekiru |
| Volitional | 哀痛しよう | あいつうしよう | aitsū shiyō |
| Negative | 哀痛しない | あいつうしない | aitsū shinai |
| Negative continuative | 哀痛せず | あいつうせず | aitsū sezu |
| Formal | 哀痛します | あいつうします | aitsū shimasu |
| Perfective | 哀痛した | あいつうした | aitsū shita |
| Conjunctive | 哀痛して | あいつうして | aitsū shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 哀痛すれば | あいつうすれば | aitsū sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 哀 | 痛 |

### Noun

哀痛 • (aetong) (hangeul 애통)
* hanja form of 애통