# ἀψίνθιον
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ἄψινθος (ápsinthos), ἀψινθία (apsinthía), ἀψινθή (apsinthḗ), ἀψίνθιν (apsínthin), ἀσπίνθιον (aspínthion)

### Etymology

The cluster -ινθ- (-inth-) suggests a Pre-Greek source, as in τέρμινθος (términthos, “terebinth”), ἐρέβινθος (erébinthos, “chickpea”), μίνθη (mínthē, “mint”), ὑάκινθος (huákinthos, “hyacinth”), πλίνθος (plínthos, “brick”), μήρινθος (mḗrinthos, “cord, line”), κήρινθος (kḗrinthos, “bee bread”), λαβύρινθος (labúrinthos, “labyrinth”). Also, the variant ἀσπίνθιον (aspínthion) with /sp/ instead of /ps/ may point to borrowing from Pre-Greek.
Related to the source of Old Armenian աւշինդր (awšindr, “wormwood”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ap.sín.tʰi.on/ → /apˈsin.θi.on/ → /apˈsin.θi.on/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ap.sín.tʰi.on/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /apˈsin.tʰi.on/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /apˈsin.θi.on/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /apˈsin.θi.on/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /apˈsin.θi.on/

### Noun

ἀψίνθιον • (apsínthion) n (genitive ἀψινθίου); second declension
* wormwood (Artemisia absinthium)
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 1.5.1:Ἐν τούτῳ δὲ τῷ τόπῳ ἦν μὲν ἡ γῆ πεδίον ἅπαν ὁμαλὲς ὥσπερ θάλαττα, ἀψινθίου δὲ πλῆρες·En toútōi dè tôi tópōi ên mèn hē gê pedíon hápan homalès hṓsper thálatta, apsinthíou dè plêres;In this region the ground was all a plain, flat like the sea, and full of wormwood.
* vermouth, wine spiced by wormwood

#### Synonyms

* ἀρτεμισίᾱ (artemisíā)

#### Derived terms

* ἀψινθίατον (apsinthíaton)
* ἀψίνθινος (apsínthinos)
* ἀψινθίτης (apsinthítēs)

#### Descendants

* Greek: αψίνθιον (apsínthion) (Katharevousa), αψινθιά (apsinthiá), αψιθιά (apsithiá)
* → Arabic: أَفْسِنْتِين (ʔafsintīn), إِفْسَنْتِين (ʔifsantīn)
** → Persian: افسنتین
*** → Gujarati: અફસંતીન (aphasantīn)
*** → Hindi: अफ़संतीन (afsantīn)
*** → Punjabi: ਅਫਸੰਤੀਨ (aphasantīn)
* → Aramaic:
    Galilean: אפסינתינון (ap̄sinṭīnōn)
    Babylonian: אפסנתין (ap̄sinṭīn)
    Syriac: ܐܦܣܢܬܝܢ (ap̄sinṭīn), ܐܦܣܢܬܝܘܢ (ap̄sinṭiōn)
** → Arabic: إِسْفِنْط (ʔisfinṭ), إِسْفَنْط (ʔisfanṭ), إِسْفِنْد (ʔisfind), إِسْفَنْد (ʔisfand)
* → Latin: absinthium (see there for further descendants)
* → Old Georgian: აფსინდი (apsindi), აფსინთი (apsinti)

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page xxxviii: “72. -ινθ-(ο-)”
* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2014) Stefan Norbruis, editor, Pre-Greek: Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 37: “81 -ινθ-(ο-)”
* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page xxvi: “6a. ψ / σπ, b. ξ / σκ.”
* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2014) Stefan Norbruis, editor, Pre-Greek: Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon, Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 18: “6. a. ψ / σπ, b. ξ / σκ.”

### Further reading

* “ἀψίνθιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἀψίνθιον”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* ἀψίνθιον in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
* ἀψίνθιον in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. wormwood idem, page 990.