# تفنك
## Ottoman Turkish
### Alternative forms

* توفنك (tüfenk), تفك (tüfek)

### Etymology

From Old Anatolian Turkish, a Turkic onomatopoeia, Karakhanid [script needed] (tüwek) in Dīwān Luḡāt at-Turk meaning a blowpipe shooting pebbles against birds (imagined as sounding tüf!). Modern cognates include Azerbaijani tüfəng, Turkmen tüpeň and Nogai туьбек (tübek).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [tyˈfɛɲc]

### Noun

تفنك • (tüfenk) (plural تفنكلر (tüfenkler))
* rifle, fusil, musket, arquebus, tophaike
    كوچك تفنك ― küçük tüfenk ― pistol
    آت تفنگی ― at tüfengi ― pistol
    آو تفنگی ― av tüfengi ― hunting-rifle
    طبنجه تفنگی ― tabanca tüfengi ― rifle with gunlock
    طالیان تفنگی ― dalyan tüfengi ― blunderbuss
    ششخانه ناملیلیو تفنك ― şeşhane namlılü tüfenk ― rifled rifle
    تفنك ناملیسی ― tüfenk namlısı ― rifle barrel
    تفنك قونداغی ― tüfenk kundağı ― rifle butt
    تفنك قبوری ― tüfenk kuburı ― pistol holster
    تفنك فندغی ― tüfenk funduğı ― bullet, dot
    تفنك گوله‌سی / نفنك گله‌سی ― tüfenk gülesi ― bullet, dot
    تفنگڭ فالیه‌سی ― tüfengün falyası ― flash pan; touch hole
    تفنك چبوغی ― tüfenk çubuğı ― gun-stick, rod for stuffing the gun with bullets
    تفنك بورغوسی ― tüfenk burğusı ― wad-hook, packing-worm, rod for extracting bullets from the gun
    تفنگی قورمق ― tüfengi kurmak ― to load the gun, to cock the rifle
    تفنگی طولدرمق ― tüfengi doldurmak ― to load the gun, to stuff the rifle
    تفنگی آتمق ― tüfengi atmak ― to launch the gun, to shoot the rifle
    تفنگی بوشتمق ― tüfengi boşatmak ― to launch the gun, to shoot the rifle, to discharge the musket
    تفنك آتیجی ― tüfenk atıcı ― musketeer, rifleman

#### Derived terms

* تفنكجی (tüfenkçı, “musketeer, rifleman; gunsmith”)
* تفنكلمك (tüfenklemek, “to gun down, to arquebus”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: tüfek, tüfenk, tüvek (dialectal)
* → Arabic: تُفْكَة (tufka), تُفْگَه (tufga)
* → Armenian: թյուֆենկ (tʻyufenk), թյուֆենգ (tʻyufeng)
* → Middle Armenian: թուանկ (tʻuank), դֆանք (dfankʻ), թըւանկ (tʻəwank), թւանկ (tʻwank)
** Armenian: թվանք (tʻvankʻ), թվանգ (tʻvang), թիվանգ (tʻivang), թիվանք (tʻivankʻ), թրփանգ (tʻrpʻang), թֆակ (tʻfak) — dialectal, թֆանկ (tʻfank), թֆանք (tʻfankʻ), թուֆաք (tʻufakʻ), թուֆանկ (tʻufank), դֆաք (dfakʻ), թֆաք (tʻfakʻ), թըֆակ (tʻəfak), դուֆաք (dufakʻ) — obsolete, թուանք (tʻuankʻ) — traditional orthography
* → English: tophaike
* → Greek: τουφέκι (touféki), ντουφέκι (ntouféki)
* → Khowar: [script needed] (tuvek)
* Kurdish:
    → Northern Kurdish: tifing, tifek, tifeng, tivek, tiving
    → Central Kurdish: تِفەنگ (tifeng)
    → Southern Kurdish: تِفەنگ (tifeng)
* → Ladino: tufenk (“rifle”)
* → Laz: თუჶეღი (tufeği), თუჶჶეღი (tuffeği) — alternative spellings, ტუჶეღი (ťufeği) — Arkabi
* → Macedonian: туфка (tufka, “rifle”), туфек (tufek, “rifle shot”)
* → Persian: تفنگ (tofang), تفک (tofak)
** → Bakhtiari: تفنگ (tofang)
** → Bashkardi:
    Minabi: تفنگ (tofang)
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: तुफ़ंग (tufaṅg)
    Urdu: تفنگ (tufáng)
** → Kermanic:
    Abuzeydabadi: tafang
    Abyanehi: tofang
    Hanjani, Yarandi: tefeng
** → Pashto: تفنگ (tufáng), توپک (topák)
** → Parachi: تفنگ (tofang)
** → Yidgha: [script needed] (tûfuk)
* → Crimean Tatar: tüfek
* → Zazaki: tifang

### Further reading

* Doerfer, Gerhard (1965) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 19)‎ (in German), volume II, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, page 447
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “تفنك”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 387
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “تفنك”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 1296–1298
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “تفنك”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 573