# 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From 𐌲𐌰- (ga-) +‎ *𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*tarhjan), derived from Proto-Germanic *tarhijaną, from Proto-Indo-European *dorḱ-éie-, *dorḱ-éye-ti (causative), from *derḱ- (“to see”).

### Verb

𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (gatarhjan) (perfective)
* to flag, mark, note
** Matthew 27:16:
    𐌷𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽𐌿𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐌽 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌰 ⟨𐌷𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌰⟩ 𐌱𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌱𐌱𐌰𐌽.habaidēdunuh þan bandjan gatarhidana ⟨haitanana⟩ barabban.And they had then a notable prisoner, called Barabbas. (KJV)
** Gothic Bible, Thessalonians II 3:14 (Codex Ambrosianus A):
    𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌱𐌰𐌹 𐍈𐌰𐍃 𐌽𐌹 𐌿𐍆𐌷𐌰𐌿𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌹 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌳𐌰 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌼𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷 𐌸𐍉𐍃 𐌱𐍉𐌺𐍉𐍃, 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸; 𐌽𐌹 𐌱𐌻𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌼𐌼𐌰, 𐌴𐌹 𐌲𐌰𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌺.iþ jabai ƕas ni ufhausjai waurda unsaramma þairh þōs bōkōs, þana gatarhjaiþ; ni blandaiþ izwis miþ imma, ei gaskamai sik.And if any man obey not our word by this epistle, note that man, and have no company with him, that he may be ashamed. (KJV)
** Colossians 2:15:
    𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌷𐌰𐌼𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍃𐌹𐌺 𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌰, 𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌾𐌰 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌳𐌿𐍆𐌽𐌾𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌱𐌰𐌻𐌸𐌰𐌱𐌰, 𐌲𐌰𐌱𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐍉 𐌱𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌷𐍄𐌰𐌱𐌰 𐌹𐌽 𐍃𐌹𐍃.andhamōnds sik leika, reikja jah waldufnja gatarhida balþaba, gablauþjands þō bairhtaba in sis.And having spoiled principalities and powers, he made a shew of them openly, triumphing over them in it. (KJV)

#### Conjugation

Class 1 weak :
| Infinitive | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 gatarhjan | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 gatarhjan | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽 gatarhjan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰 gatarhja | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌰 gatarhida | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gatarhjada |
| 2nd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌴𐌹𐍃 gatarheis | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 gatarhidēs | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 gatarhjaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌸 gatarheiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌰 gatarhida | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 gatarhjada |
| 1st dual | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐍉𐍃 gatarhjōs | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 gatarhidēdu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gatarhjats | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 gatarhidēduts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌼 gatarhjam | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 gatarhidēdum | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gatarhjanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌸 gatarheiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 gatarhidēduþ | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gatarhjanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 gatarhjand | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 gatarhidēdun | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 gatarhjanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌿 gatarhjau | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 gatarhidēdjau | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 gatarhjais | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 gatarhidēdeis | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 gatarhjaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹 gatarhjai | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 gatarhidēdi | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 gatarhjaiwa | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 gatarhidēdeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 gatarhjaits | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 gatarhidēdeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 gatarhjaima | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 gatarhidēdeima | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 gatarhjaiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 gatarhidēdeiþ | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 gatarhjaina | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 gatarhidēdeina | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌴𐌹 gatarhei | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 gatarhjats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌴𐌹𐌸 gatarheiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 gatarhjandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 gatarhjands | 𐌲𐌰𐍄𐌰𐍂𐌷𐌹𐌸𐍃 gatarhiþs | |

### Further reading

* Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 138