# 秫

| 秫 | U+79EB, &#31211; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-79EB |
| ← 秪 [U+79EA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 秬 → [U+79EC] |
| 秫 | U+2F957, &#194903; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-2F957 |
| ← 福 [U+2F956] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs Supplement | 䄯 → [U+2F958] |

## Translingual
### Han character

秫 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 竹木戈木 (HDID) or 竹木戈十金 (HDIJC), four-corner 2393$_4$, composition ⿰禾术(G) or ⿰禾朮(HTJKV))

#### Derived characters

* 䢤

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 852, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25001
* Dae Jaweon: page 1276, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2598, character 2
* Unihan data for U+79EB
* Unihan data for U+2F957

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 秫 :
| Shang | Warring States | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Chu slip and silk script | Qin slip script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 訹 | *slud |
| 怵 | *l̥ʰud |
| 朮 | *l'ud, *ɦljud |
| 炢 | *l'ud |
| 術 | *ɦljud |
| 述 | *ɦljud |
| 秫 | *ɦljud |
| 沭 | *ɦljud |
| 蒁 | *ɦrud |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɦljud) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 禾 (“grain”) + phonetic 朮 (OC *l'ud, *ɦljud, “glutinous millet”). Originally written 朮 (not to be confused with 术).

### Etymology 1

Area word (Schuessler, 2007); compare:
* Proto-Hmong-Mien *mblut (“glutinous; sticky”) (Sagart, 1999; Schuessler, 2007; Ratliff, 2010; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);
* Proto-Austronesian *-lit (“caulk; adhesive material”) > Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *bulit (“glue; paste; stick; caulk”) (Ratliff, 2010);
* Proto-Austronesian *puluC (“Caesar weed, a mucilaginous plant”), Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *pulut (“birdlime, sticky sap of breadfruit, etc.”) (Sagart, 1993; Ratliff, 2018).
Sagart and Baxter (2010) posit that the *m- in their Old Chinese reconstruction, based on the Hmong-Mien evidence, may be a reduced form of 米 (OC *(C.)mˤ[e]jʔ, “millet or rice grains, dehusked and polished”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shú (shu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): seot$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): sut$^5$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): sud$^6$
* Northern Min (KCR): chṳ̄
* Eastern Min (BUC): sŭk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chu̍t / su̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zug$^8$
    (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): zug$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$zeq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shú
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shú
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^2$
*** Yale: shú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwu
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seot$^6$
*** Yale: seuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soet$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêd$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵt̚²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: sut$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /sut̚³²/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: sud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /sut̚⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: chṳ̄
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰy⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sŭk
*** Sinological IPA : /suʔ⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chu̍t
*** Tâi-lô: tsu̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zut
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sut̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sut̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sut̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su̍t
*** Tâi-lô: su̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sut
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sut̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sut̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sut̚¹²¹/
* chu̍t - vernacular;
* su̍t - literary.
* Middle Chinese: zywit
Rime :
| Character | 秫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 術 (52) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 食聿切 |
| Baxter | zywit |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʑiuɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʑʷit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʑjuet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʑwit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʑiuĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʑĭuĕt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡ʑʰi̯uĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seot$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m.lut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljud/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 秫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zywit › |
| Old Chinese | /*m.lut/ (~ *mə.lut) |
| English | glutinous millet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 秫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11855 |
| Phonetic component | 术 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 術 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦljud/ |

#### Definitions

秫
* glutinous grain
** (glutinous) sorghum
** (literary) glutinous millet
** (literary or Min) glutinous rice

#### Compounds

* 洘秫秫
* 秫櫱／秫蘖
* 秫田
* 秫秫 (shúshú)
* 秫秸
* 秫稭／秫秸
* 秫稻
* 秫穀／秫谷
* 秫米 (shúmǐ)
* 秫米飯／秫米饭
* 秫粟
* 秫粞
* 秫酒
* 秫黍

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shù, shú (shu$^4$, shu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨˋ, ㄕㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seot$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shù
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shù
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^4$
*** Yale: shù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shuh
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shú
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shú
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^2$
*** Yale: shú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shwu
*** Palladius: шу (šu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seot$^6$
*** Yale: seuht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soet$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêd$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɵt̚²/
* Middle Chinese: zywit
Rime :
| Character | 秫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) |
| Final (韻) | 術 (52) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 食聿切 |
| Baxter | zywit |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʑiuɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʑʷit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʑjuet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʑwit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʑiuĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʑĭuĕt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡ʑʰi̯uĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | seot$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɦljud/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 秫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11855 |
| Phonetic component | 术 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 術 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɦljud/ |

#### Definitions

秫
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 鉥／𬬸 (“long needle”)

#### Compounds

* 秫絀／秫绌
* 秫縫／秫缝

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* a type of millet
    Synonym: 朮

#### Readings

(Can we verify this pronunciation?)
* Go-on: じゅつ (jutsu)、ずち (zuchi)
* Kan-on: しゅつ (shutsu)
* On: じょつ (jotsu)、ちゅつ (chutsu)
* Kun: もちあわ (mochiawa, 秫)

#### Compounds

* 秫(じゅっ)穀(こく) (jukkoku)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 秫 (MC zywit).

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [t͡ɕʰuɭ]
* Phonetic hangul: [출]

### Hanja

Wikisource 秫 (eumhun 차조 출 (chajo chul))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 출곡 (秫縠, chulgok)
* 출도 (秫稻, chuldo)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.