# 誇

| 誇 | U+8A87, &#35463; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A87 |
| ← 誆 [U+8A86] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 誈 → [U+8A88] |

## Translingual
### Han character

誇 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+6, 13 strokes, cangjie input 卜口大一尸 (YRKMS), four-corner 0462$_7$, composition ⿰訁夸)
* exaggerate
* brag, boast
* flaunt

#### Derived characters

* 𡀵, 𫏥

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1161, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35474
* Dae Jaweon: page 1625, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3962, character 14
* Unihan data for U+8A87

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 侉 | *qaːls |
| 夸 | *kʰʷraː |
| 姱 | *kʰʷraː |
| 胯 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 跨 | *kʰʷraː, *kʰʷraːʔ, *kʰʷraːs, *kʰʷaːs |
| 誇 | *kʰʷraː |
| 垮 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 銙 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 骻 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 咵 | *kʰʷraːʔ |
| 釫 | *ɢʷraː, *qʷaː |
| 摦 | *ɡʷraːs |
| 鮬 | *pɢʷaː, *kʰʷaː |
| 嶀 | *qʰʷl'aː |
| 扝 | *kʰʷaː, *qʷaː |
| 刳 | *kʰʷaː |
| 郀 | *kʰʷaː |
| 挎 | *kʰʷaː |
| 袴 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 絝 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 褲 | *kʰʷaːs |
| 恗 | *qʰaː |
| 洿 | *ɡʷaːʔ, *qʷaː |
| 瓠 | *ɡʷlaː, *ɡʷlaːs |
| 鄠 | *ɢʷlaːʔ |
| 污 | *qʷaː, *qʷaːs |
| 杇 | *qʷaː |
| 圬 | *qʷaː |
| 鴮 | *qʷaː |
| 盓 | *qʷaː |
| 汙 | *qʷaːs, *ɢʷa |
| 樗 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 摴 | *qʰʷl'a |
| 荂 | *pqʰʷa, *qʰʷa |
| 雩 | *qʰʷla, *ɢʷla |
| 吁 | *qʰʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 盱 | *qʰʷa |
| 訏 | *qʰʷa |
| 扜 | *qʰʷa, *qʷa |
| 旴 | *qʰʷa |
| 冔 | *qʰʷaʔ |
| 紆 | *qʷa |
| 陓 | *qʷa |
| 迂 | *qʷa, *qʷaʔ, *ɢʷa |
| 虶 | *qʷa |
| 于 | *ɢʷa |
| 盂 | *ɢʷa |
| 竽 | *ɢʷa |
| 邘 | *ɢʷa |
| 玗 | *ɢʷa |
| 芋 | *ɢʷa, *ɢʷas |
| 杅 | *ɢʷa |
| 釪 | *ɢʷa |
| 骬 | *ɢʷa |
| 謣 | *ɢʷla |
| 宇 | *ɢʷaʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰʷraː) : semantic 言 (“words, language”) + phonetic 夸 (OC *kʰʷraː)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kuā (kua$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄨㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kwaa$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khôa
* Northern Min (KCR): kuá
* Eastern Min (BUC): kuă
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khoa
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kua$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kuā
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄨㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kua
*** Wade–Giles: kʻua$^1$
*** Yale: kwā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kua
*** Palladius: куа (kua)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰu̯ä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kwaa$^1$
*** Yale: kwā
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kwaa$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kua$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷʰaː⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khôa
*** Hakka Romanization System: kua$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kua$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰu̯a²⁴/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kuá
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰua⁵⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kuă
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰua⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khoa
*** Tâi-lô: khua
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qoaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰua³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰua⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰua⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kua$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khua
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰua³³/
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit誇 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /kʰua⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /kʰua⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /kʰuɑ²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /kʰua²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /kʰua²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /kʰua²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /kʰua²¹/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /kʰua⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /kʰua⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /kʰua³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /kʰua⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /kʰua³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /kʰua⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /kʰua⁵⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /kʰua̠⁴⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /kʰuɑ³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /kʰua²¹/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /kʰua¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /kʰuɑ¹³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /kʰua³¹/ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /kʰo⁵³/ /kʰua⁵³/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /kʰo⁵⁵/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /kʰuɑ³³/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /kʰo³³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /kʰua³¹/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /kʰuːə¹¹/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /kʰua³³/ |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /kʰuɒ³³/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /kuɑ⁴²/ |
| Hakka | Meixian | /kʰua⁴⁴/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | /kʰuɑ²⁴/ |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /kʰwa⁵³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /kʰʷa⁵⁵/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /kʰwa⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /kʰua⁵⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /kʰua⁴⁴/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /kʰua⁵⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /kʰua³³/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /xua²³/ |
* Middle Chinese: khwae
Rime :
| Character | 誇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (99) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 苦瓜切 |
| Baxter | khwae |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰˠua/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰʷᵚa/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰua/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰwaɨ/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰua/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰwa/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰwa/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kuā |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | faa$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[kʷʰ]ˤra/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰʷraː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 誇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | kuā |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ khwae › |
| Old Chinese | /*[kʷʰ]ˁra/ |
| English | boast |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 誇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15652 |
| Phonetic component | 于 |
| Rime group | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 誇 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰʷraː/ |

### Definitions

誇
* to boast; to exaggerate
* to praise; to commend

#### Synonyms

* (to boast):
* 口大 (kǒudà) (obsolete)
* 吹 (chuī) (colloquial)
* 吹噓／吹嘘 (chuīxū)
* 吹水 (chuīshuǐ) (chiefly Cantonese)
* 吹牛 (chuīniú) (colloquial)
* 吹牛三 ($^1$tshy $^6$gnieu-se) (Wu)
* 吹牛屄 (chuīniúbī)
* 吹牛皮 (chuī niúpí) (colloquial)
* 呾卵話／呾卵话 (dan$^3$ lang$^6$ uê$^7$) (Teochew)
* 喝仙 (hoah-sian) (Hokkien)
* 嗙虎膦 (phâng-fú-lín) (Southern Sixian Hakka)
* 嗙雞胲／嗙鸡胲 (phâng-kiê-kôi) (Hakka)
* 好臉／好脸 (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 拉空 (la$^1$ kang$^1$) (Teochew)
* 拉誧／拉𰵩 (la$^1$ pu$^2$) (Teochew)
* 放空 (pàng-khang) (Hokkien)
* 放臭屁 (pàng-chhàu-phùi) (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 放風球／放风球 (pàng-hoang-kiû) (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 放風龜／放风龟 (pàng-hong-ku) (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 歕雞胲／𬅫鸡胲 (phùn-kiê-kôi) (Zhao'an Hakka)
* 歕雞胿／𬅫鸡胿 (pûn-ke-kui) (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 白話／白话 (báihua) (regional)
* 相空 (siàng-khang) (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 矜人 (jīnrén) (literary)
* 紅膏／红膏 (Puxian Min)
* 練扇空／练扇空 (liān-siàn-khang) (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 膨風／膨风 (phòng-hong) (Hokkien)
* 自矜 (zìjīn)
* 自誇／自夸 (zìkuā)
* 自詡／自诩 (zìxǔ)
* 表功 (biǎogōng) (to brag about one's contributions)
* 誇口／夸口 (kuākǒu)
* 誇喙／夸喙 (kuă-*chói) (Eastern Min)
* 誇耀／夸耀 (kuāyào)
* 說大話／说大话 (shuō dàhuà)
* 講嘐潲話／讲嘐潲话 (kóng hau-siâu-uē) (Hokkien)
* 講空／讲空 (kàng-khang) (Quanzhou Hokkien)
* 車大炮／车大炮 (Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew)
* 風龜／风龟 (hong-ku) (Hokkien)
* 鼓吹 (gǔchuī)
* (to praise):
* 名目 (míngmù) (Classical Chinese)
* 吹噓／吹嘘 (chuīxū)
* 吹捧 (chuīpěng)
* 咨嗟 (zījiē) (literary)
* 嘆／叹 (tàn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 嘉勉 (jiāmiǎn) (formal, to praise and encourage)
* 嘆美／叹美 (tànměi) (literary)
* 嘉許／嘉许 (jiāxǔ)
* 嘆賞／叹赏 (tànshǎng)
* 捧 (pěng)
* 揄揚／揄扬 (yúyáng) (literary)
* 禮讚／礼赞 (lǐzàn)
* 稱嘆／称叹 (chēngtàn)
* 稱揚／称扬 (chēngyáng)
* 稱美／称美 (chēngměi) (literary)
* 稱許／称许 (chēngxǔ)
* 稱謂／称谓 (chēngwèi) (literary)
* 稱譽／称誉 (chēngyù) (formal)
* 稱讚／称赞 (chēngzàn)
* 稱賞／称赏 (chēngshǎng) (formal)
* 稱道／称道 (chēngdào)
* 稱頌／称颂 (chēngsòng)
* 表彰 (biǎozhāng)
* 表揚／表扬 (biǎoyáng)
* 褒揚／褒扬 (bāoyáng)
* 誇獎／夸奖 (kuājiǎng)
* 讚嘆／赞叹 (zàntàn)
* 讚揚／赞扬 (zànyáng)
* 讚美／赞美 (zànměi)
* 讚許／赞许 (zànxǔ)
* 讚頌／赞颂 (zànsòng)
* 賞／赏 (shǎng) (literary, or in compounds)
* 頌讚／颂赞 (sòngzàn)
* 顯揚／显扬 (xiǎnyáng) (literary)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 誇獎, 稱讚, 稱許, 讚許, 嘉許, 讚揚, 誇讚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 誇, 誇獎, 稱讚 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 稱讚, 誇獎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 讚, 誇獎 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 讚 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 讚, 誇獎 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 誇, 誇獎, 稱讚 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 誇, 誇獎, 誇讚, 稱讚, 讚, 讚揚 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 阿𧩣, 誇獎, 稱讚 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 誇獎, 稱讚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 阿𧩣, 誇獎, 稱讚 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 阿𧩣, 誇獎, 稱讚 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 阿𧩣, 誇獎, 稱讚 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 安哢, 誇獎 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 呵咾 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 呵咾 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 呵咾 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 呵咾 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 呵咾 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 呵咾 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 呵咾 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 呵咾 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 呵咾 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 呵咾 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 呵咾, 誇獎, 誇, 讚揚, 稱讚 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 呵咾 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 呵咾 |

### Compounds

* 你誇我逞／你夸我逞
* 好自矜誇／好自矜夸
* 浮誇／浮夸 (fúkuā)
* 矜誇／矜夸 (jīnkuā)
* 自誇／自夸 (zìkuā)
* 自賣自誇／自卖自夸
* 誇下海口／夸下海口
* 誇勝道強／夸胜道强
* 誇口／夸口 (kuākǒu)
* 誇多鬥靡／夸多斗靡
* 誇大／夸大 (kuādà)
* 誇大不實／夸大不实
* 誇大其辭／夸大其辞 (kuādàqící)
* 誇官／夸官
* 誇張／夸张 (kuāzhāng)
* 誇張其辭／夸张其辞
* 誇張法／夸张法
* 誇強說會／夸强说会
* 誇才賣智／夸才卖智
* 誇海口／夸海口
* 誇獎／夸奖 (kuājiǎng)
* 誇示／夸示 (kuāshì)
* 誇耀／夸耀 (kuāyào)
* 誇能鬥智／夸能斗智
* 誇詡／夸诩
* 誇誇其談／夸夸其谈 (kuākuāqítán)
* 誇說／夸说
* 誇誕／夸诞
* 誇讚／夸赞 (kuāzàn)
* 誇辯／夸辩
* 誇飾／夸饰 (kuāshì)
* 逞異誇能／逞异夸能

### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: khoe

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* boast
* be proud
* pride
* triumphantly

#### Readings

* Go-on: け (ke)
* Kan-on: か (ka)
* Kan’yō-on: こ (ko, Jōyō)
* Kun: ほこる (hokoru, 誇る, Jōyō)、ほこり (hokori)

## Korean
### Hanja

誇 (eumhun 자랑할 과 (jaranghal gwa))
* hanja form of 과 (“boast, brag”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

誇: Hán Việt readings: khoa
誇: Nôm readings: khoa, khoe, sua, thua
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* ↑ Hồ (1976).
* 1 2 Trần (2004).