# ⲣϩⲓⲕ
## Coptic
### Etymology

From From ⲣ- (r-) +‎ ϩⲓⲕ (hik), literally “to do magic”.

### Verb

ⲣϩⲓⲕ • (rhik)
* (Sahidic) to bewitch, enchant

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲣϩⲓⲕ rhik | imperative | affirmative | ⲣϩⲓⲕ rhik |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ tm̄rhik | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pr̄rhik |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲣϩⲓⲕ tirhik | ⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ krhik | ⲧⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ terhik | ϥⲣϩⲓⲕ frhik | ⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ srhik | ⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ tn̄rhik | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ tetn̄rhik | ⲥⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ serhik | ⲣϩⲓⲕ rhik |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ eïrhik | ⲉⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ ekrhik | ⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ ererhik | ⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ efrhik | ⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ esrhik | ⲉⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ enrhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etetn̄rhik | ⲉⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ eurhik | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ ere- rhik |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲣϩⲓⲕ etirhik | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etk̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ eterhik, etererhik | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etf̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ ets̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etn̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etetn̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ etourhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ etere- rhik |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ neïrhik | ⲛⲉⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ nekrhik | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ nererhik | ⲛⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ nefrhik | ⲛⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ nesrhik | ⲛⲉⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ nenrhik | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ netetn̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ neurhik | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ nere- rhik |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ tinarhik | ⲕⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ knarhik | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ tenarhik | ϥⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ fnarhik | ⲥⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ snarhik | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ tn̄narhik | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ tetnarhik | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ senarhik | ⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ narhik |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ eïnarhik | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ eknarhik | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ erenarhik | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ efnarhik | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ esnarhik | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ ennarhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ etetnarhik | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ eunarhik | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ ere- narhik |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ etinarhik | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ etk̄narhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ etenarhik, eterenarhik | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ etf̄narhik | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ ets̄narhik | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ etn̄narhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ etetnarhik | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ etounarhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ etere- narhik |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ neïnarhik | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ neknarhik | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ nerenarhik | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ nefnarhik | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ nesnarhik | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ nennarhik | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ netetnarhik | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ neunarhik | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ nere- narhik |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ aïrhik | ⲁⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ akrhik | ⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲁⲣⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲁⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ arhik, arrhik, arerhik | ⲁϥⲣϩⲓⲕ afrhik | ⲁⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ asrhik | ⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ anrhik | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ atetn̄rhik | ⲁⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ aurhik | ⲁ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ a- rhik |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pirhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pk̄rhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄perhik, m̄pr̄rhik | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pf̄rhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄ps̄rhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pn̄rhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄petn̄rhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pourhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pe- rhik |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ eaïrhik | ⲉⲁⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ eakrhik | ⲉⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉⲁⲣⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ earhik, earrhik, earerhik | ⲉⲁϥⲣϩⲓⲕ eafrhik | ⲉⲁⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ easrhik | ⲉⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ eanrhik | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ eatetn̄rhik | ⲉⲁⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ eaurhik | ⲉⲁ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ ea- rhik |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄pirhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄pk̄rhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄perhik, em̄pr̄rhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄pf̄rhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄ps̄rhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄pn̄rhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄petn̄rhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄pourhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄pe- rhik |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ entaïrhik, n̄taïrhik | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ entakrhik, n̄takrhik | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ entarhik, n̄tarhik, entarrhik, n̄tarrhik, entarerhik, n̄tarerhik | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲣϩⲓⲕ entafrhik, n̄tafrhik | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ entasrhik, n̄tasrhik | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ entanrhik, n̄tanrhik | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ entatetn̄rhik, n̄tatetn̄rhik | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ entaurhik, n̄taurhik | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ enta- rhik, n̄ta- rhik |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄pirhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄pk̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄perhik, etem̄pr̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄pf̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄ps̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄pn̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄petn̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄pourhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄pe- rhik |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ neaïrhik | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ neakrhik | ⲛⲉⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ nearhik, nearrhik, nearerhik | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲣϩⲓⲕ neafrhik | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ neasrhik | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ neanrhik | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ neatetn̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ neaurhik | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ nea- rhik |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄pirhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄pk̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄perhik, nem̄pr̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄pf̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄ps̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄pn̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄petn̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄pourhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄pe- rhik |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄taïrhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄takrhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄tarhik, n̄tarrhik, n̄tarerhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄tafrhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄tasrhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄tanrhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄tatetn̄rhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄taurhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄ta- rhik |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄patirhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄patk̄rhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄paterhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄patf̄rhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pats̄rhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄patn̄rhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄patetn̄rhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄patourhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pate- rhik |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄patirhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄patk̄rhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄paterhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄patf̄rhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄pats̄rhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄patn̄rhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄patetn̄rhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄patourhik | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ em̄pate- rhik |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄patirhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄patk̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄paterhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄patf̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄pats̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄patn̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄patetn̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄patourhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ etem̄pate- rhik |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄patirhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄patk̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄paterhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄patf̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄pats̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄patn̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄patetn̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄patourhik | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ nem̄pate- rhik |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ šaïrhik | ϣⲁⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ šakrhik | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ šarerhik | ϣⲁϥⲣϩⲓⲕ šafrhik | ϣⲁⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ šasrhik | ϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ šanrhik | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ šatetn̄rhik | ϣⲁⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ šaurhik | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ šare- rhik |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ meïrhik | ⲙⲉⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ mekrhik | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ mererhik | ⲙⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ mefrhik | ⲙⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ mesrhik | ⲙⲉⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ menrhik | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ metetn̄rhik | ⲙⲉⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ meurhik | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ mere- rhik |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ ešaïrhik | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ ešakrhik | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ ešarerhik | ⲉϣⲁϥⲣϩⲓⲕ ešafrhik | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ ešasrhik | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ ešanrhik | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ ešatetn̄rhik | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ ešaurhik | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ ešare- rhik |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ emeïrhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ emekrhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ emererhik | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ emefrhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ emesrhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ emenrhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ emetetn̄rhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ emeurhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ emere- rhik |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ etešaïrhik, ešaïrhik | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ etešakrhik, ešakrhik | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ etešarerhik, ešarerhik | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲣϩⲓⲕ etešafrhik, ešafrhik | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ etešasrhik, ešasrhik | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ etešanrhik, ešanrhik | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etešatetn̄rhik, ešatetn̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ etešaurhik, ešaurhik | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ etešare- rhik, ešare- rhik |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ etemeïrhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ etemekrhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ etemererhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ etemefrhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ etemesrhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ etemenrhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etemetetn̄rhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ etemeurhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ etemere- rhik |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ nešaïrhik | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ nešakrhik | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ nešarerhik | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲣϩⲓⲕ nešafrhik | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ nešasrhik | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ nešanrhik | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nešatetn̄rhik | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ nešaurhik | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ nešare- rhik |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ nemeïrhik | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ nemekrhik | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ nemererhik | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ nemefrhik | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ nemesrhik | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ nemenrhik | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ nemetetn̄rhik | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ nemeurhik | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ nemere- rhik |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ emeïrhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ emekrhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ emererhik | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ emefrhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ emesrhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ emenrhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ emetetn̄rhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ emeurhik | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ emere- rhik |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ eïerhik | ⲉⲕⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ ekerhik | ⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ ererhik | ⲉϥⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ eferhik | ⲉⲥⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ eserhik | ⲉⲛⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ enerhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ etetnerhik | ⲉⲩⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ euerhik | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ ere- rhik |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄narhik | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄nekrhik | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄nerhik | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄nefrhik | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄nesrhik | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄nenrhik | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄netn̄rhik | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄neurhik | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄ne- rhik |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲣϩⲓⲕ marirhik | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ marefrhik | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ maresrhik | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ marn̄rhik | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ marourhik | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ mare- rhik |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pr̄trarhik | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pr̄trefrhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pr̄tresrhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pr̄trenrhik | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pr̄treurhik | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ m̄pr̄tre- rhik |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲧⲁⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄tarhik, tarhik | ⲛ̄ⲅⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄grhik, n̄krhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄terhik | ⲛ̄ϥⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄frhik | ⲛ̄ⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄srhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄tn̄rhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄tetn̄rhik | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄serhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄te- rhik |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲣϩⲓⲕ tarirhik | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ tarekrhik | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ tarerhik | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ tarefrhik | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ taresrhik | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ tarn̄rhik | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ taretn̄rhik | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ tarourhik | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ tare- rhik |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄terirhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄terekrhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄tererhik, n̄tererrhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄terefrhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄teresrhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄tern̄rhik, n̄terenrhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄teretn̄rhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄terourhik | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ n̄tere- rhik |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲣϩⲓⲕ šantirhik | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ šantk̄rhik | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ šanterhik | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ šantf̄rhik | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ šants̄rhik | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ šantn̄rhik | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ šantetn̄rhik | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ šantourhik | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ šante- rhik |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ eïšanrhik | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ ekšanrhik | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ eršanrhik, erešanrhik | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ efšanrhik | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ esšanrhik | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ enšanrhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ etetn̄šanrhik | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ eušanrhik | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ eršan- rhik |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲣϩⲓⲕ eïrhik | ⲉⲕⲣϩⲓⲕ ekrhik | ⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲓⲕ ererhik | ⲉϥⲣϩⲓⲕ efrhik | ⲉⲥⲣϩⲓⲕ esrhik | ⲉⲛⲣϩⲓⲕ enrhik | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲣϩⲓⲕ etetn̄rhik | ⲉⲩⲣϩⲓⲕ eurhik | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲣϩⲓⲕ ere- rhik |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### References

* TLA lemma no. C6472 (ⲣϩⲓⲕ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), (accessed 2024-09-17).