# szabad
## Hungarian
### Etymology

Borrowed from a Slavic language. Ultimately from Proto-Slavic *svoboda (“freedom”). Compare Serbo-Croatian slȍbodan, Polish swobodny, Czech svobodný.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈsɒbɒd]
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: sza‧bad
* Rhymes: -ɒd

### Adjective

szabad (comparative szabadabb, superlative legszabadabb)
* free to move or act according to one's will
    Antonyms: (both: primarily nouns) rab, fogoly
    Aki börtönben van, az nem szabad. ― One who is in prison, is not free.
    szabad akarat ― free will
* free, unoccupied, vacant, available to use
    Antonym: foglalt
    Szabad ez a hely? ― Is this seat free?
* (predicatively) allowed, permitted
    Antonyms: tilos, nem szabad
    Szabad oda bemenni? or Be szabad oda menni? ― Is it allowed to go in there?
* (predicatively, informal) free, unoccupied, available
    Synonyms: ráér, van ideje
    Antonym: elfoglalt
    Szabad vagy ma este? ― Are you free tonight?
* open, unobstructed, unhindered
    A szabad ég alatt éjszakáztak. ― They spent the night under the open sky.
* unaided, naked (eye)
    A legnagyobb sejt szabad szemmel is látható. ― The biggest cell is visible even with the naked eye.

#### Declension

or (less commonly)

#### Derived terms

* szabadalom
* szabadít
* szabadkozik
* szabadon
* szabados
* szabadság
* szabadul
* szabadcsapat
* szabaddobás
* szabadesés
* szabadgondolkodó
* szabadidő
* szabadkőműves
* szabadlábon
* szabadlábra
* szabadnap
* szabadrúgás
* szabadsoros
* szabadúszó
* szabad a vásár
* szabad szoftver
* szabad, mint a madár

#### Descendants

* → Pannonian Rusyn: (obsolete) сабат (sabat)

### Noun

szabad (countable and uncountable, plural szabadok)
* a politically free person
** 1848, Sándor Petőfi, Nemzeti dal (National Song), poem (translated by George Szirtes):Rabok legyünk vagy szabadok? / Ez a kérdés, válasszatok!Shall we be slaves or men set free? / That is the question, answer me!
* (with -ban or -ba) nature, outside (the area outside of a building; the area outside of a city, the open country, open air)
    Menjünk ki a szabadba! ― Let's go outside!

#### Declension
### Verb

szabad
* (auxiliary, impersonal) may, to be allowed
    Synonym: -hat, -het
    Szabadna megjegyeznem valamit? ― May I say something?

#### Usage notes

It can be conjugated only in 3rd person singular: szabadott, szabadna, szabadjon, occasionally szabadni (especially in the phrase szabadni szabad (“as far as being permitted is concerned, it is permitted [but……]”), and very rarely szabadhat (“it may be allowed”).
The verb form of szabad is usually avoided in formal speech and especially in writing, and can be replaced with the adjectival form of szabad (in sense 3) accompanied by a copula conjugated in the equivalent tense and mood. For example, A vonaton nem szabadott dohányozni (“It was not allowed to smoke on the train”) can be replaced with A vonaton nem volt szabad dohányozni without changing the meaning; similarly, Szabadna megjegyeznem valamit? (“May I say something?”) can be replaced with Szabad lenne megjegyeznem valamit?

### Interjection

szabad!
* Come in!
    Synonym: Tessék!

### Interjection

szabad?
* Excuse me! (requesting passage through the crowd)
    Synonym: (more polite and more unambiguous) Szabad lesz?

### See also

* Category:Hungarian auxiliary verbs

### References

* ↑ szabad in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)

### Further reading

* szabad in Bárczi, Géza and László Országh. A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára (“The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language”, abbr.: ÉrtSz.). Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1959–1962. Fifth ed., 1992: →ISBN