# thenga
## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-thénga
* to buy, to purchase

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Southern Ndebele
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-thénga
* to buy, to purchase

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-thénga
* (transitive) to buy, to purchase

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-thênga
* (transitive) to buy, to purchase
* (transitive) to pay for
* (intransitive) to shop, to go shopping

#### Inflection

Tone HH :
| Infinitive | ukuthenga |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuthenga | ukungathengi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | thenga | -thenge |
| Plural | thengani | -thengeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyathenga, ngithenga | engithengayo, engithenga | ngithenga | angithengi | engingathengi | ngingathengi |
| 2nd singular | uyathenga, uthenga | othengayo, othenga | uthenga | awuthengi | ongathengi | ungathengi |
| 1st plural | siyathenga, sithenga | esithengayo, esithenga | sithenga | asithengi | esingathengi | singathengi |
| 2nd plural | niyathenga, nithenga | enithengayo, enithenga | nithenga | anithengi | eningathengi | ningathengi |
| Class 1 | uyathenga, uthenga | othengayo, othenga | ethenga | akathengi | ongathengi | engathengi |
| Class 2 | bayathenga, bathenga | abathengayo, abathenga | bethenga | abathengi | abangathengi | bengathengi |
| Class 3 | uyathenga, uthenga | othengayo, othenga | uthenga | awuthengi | ongathengi | ungathengi |
| Class 4 | iyathenga, ithenga | ethengayo, ethenga | ithenga | ayithengi | engathengi | ingathengi |
| Class 5 | liyathenga, lithenga | elithengayo, elithenga | lithenga | alithengi | elingathengi | lingathengi |
| Class 6 | ayathenga, athenga | athengayo, athenga | ethenga | awathengi | angathengi | engathengi |
| Class 7 | siyathenga, sithenga | esithengayo, esithenga | sithenga | asithengi | esingathengi | singathengi |
| Class 8 | ziyathenga, zithenga | ezithengayo, ezithenga | zithenga | azithengi | ezingathengi | zingathengi |
| Class 9 | iyathenga, ithenga | ethengayo, ethenga | ithenga | ayithengi | engathengi | ingathengi |
| Class 10 | ziyathenga, zithenga | ezithengayo, ezithenga | zithenga | azithengi | ezingathengi | zingathengi |
| Class 11 | luyathenga, luthenga | oluthengayo, oluthenga | luthenga | aluthengi | olungathengi | lungathengi |
| Class 14 | buyathenga, buthenga | obuthengayo, obuthenga | buthenga | abuthengi | obungathengi | bungathengi |
| Class 15 | kuyathenga, kuthenga | okuthengayo, okuthenga | kuthenga | akuthengi | okungathengi | kungathengi |
| Class 17 | kuyathenga, kuthenga | okuthengayo, okuthenga | kuthenga | akuthengi | okungathengi | kungathengi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngithengile, ngithengē | engithengile, engithengē | ngithengile, ngithengē | angithenganga | engingathenganga | ngingathenganga |
| 2nd singular | uthengile, uthengē | othengile, othengē | uthengile, uthengē | awuthenganga | ongathenganga | ungathenganga |
| 1st plural | sithengile, sithengē | esithengile, esithengē | sithengile, sithengē | asithenganga | esingathenganga | singathenganga |
| 2nd plural | nithengile, nithengē | enithengile, enithengē | nithengile, nithengē | anithenganga | eningathenganga | ningathenganga |
| Class 1 | uthengile, uthengē | othengile, othengē | ethengile, ethengē | akathenganga | ongathenganga | engathenganga |
| Class 2 | bathengile, bathengē | abathengile, abathengē | bethengile, bethengē | abathenganga | abangathenganga | bengathenganga |
| Class 3 | uthengile, uthengē | othengile, othengē | uthengile, uthengē | awuthenganga | ongathenganga | ungathenganga |
| Class 4 | ithengile, ithengē | ethengile, ethengē | ithengile, ithengē | ayithenganga | engathenganga | ingathenganga |
| Class 5 | lithengile, lithengē | elithengile, elithengē | lithengile, lithengē | alithenganga | elingathenganga | lingathenganga |
| Class 6 | athengile, athengē | athengile, athengē | ethengile, ethengē | awathenganga | angathenganga | engathenganga |
| Class 7 | sithengile, sithengē | esithengile, esithengē | sithengile, sithengē | asithenganga | esingathenganga | singathenganga |
| Class 8 | zithengile, zithengē | ezithengile, ezithengē | zithengile, zithengē | azithenganga | ezingathenganga | zingathenganga |
| Class 9 | ithengile, ithengē | ethengile, ethengē | ithengile, ithengē | ayithenganga | engathenganga | ingathenganga |
| Class 10 | zithengile, zithengē | ezithengile, ezithengē | zithengile, zithengē | azithenganga | ezingathenganga | zingathenganga |
| Class 11 | luthengile, luthengē | oluthengile, oluthengē | luthengile, luthengē | aluthenganga | olungathenganga | lungathenganga |
| Class 14 | buthengile, buthengē | obuthengile, obuthengē | buthengile, buthengē | abuthenganga | obungathenganga | bungathenganga |
| Class 15 | kuthengile, kuthengē | okuthengile, okuthengē | kuthengile, kuthengē | akuthenganga | okungathenganga | kungathenganga |
| Class 17 | kuthengile, kuthengē | okuthengile, okuthengē | kuthengile, kuthengē | akuthenganga | okungathenganga | kungathenganga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāthenga | engāthenga | ngāthenga | angithenganga | engingathenganga | ngingathenganga |
| 2nd singular | wāthenga | owāthenga | wāthenga | awuthenganga | ongathenganga | ungathenganga |
| 1st plural | sāthenga | esāthenga | sāthenga | asithenganga | esingathenganga | singathenganga |
| 2nd plural | nāthenga | enāthenga | nāthenga | anithenganga | eningathenganga | ningathenganga |
| Class 1 | wāthenga | owāthenga | āthenga | akathenganga | ongathenganga | engathenganga |
| Class 2 | bāthenga | abāthenga | bāthenga | abathenganga | abangathenganga | bengathenganga |
| Class 3 | wāthenga | owāthenga | wāthenga | awuthenganga | ongathenganga | ungathenganga |
| Class 4 | yāthenga | eyāthenga | yāthenga | ayithenganga | engathenganga | ingathenganga |
| Class 5 | lāthenga | elāthenga | lāthenga | alithenganga | elingathenganga | lingathenganga |
| Class 6 | āthenga | āthenga | āthenga | awathenganga | angathenganga | engathenganga |
| Class 7 | sāthenga | esāthenga | sāthenga | asithenganga | esingathenganga | singathenganga |
| Class 8 | zāthenga | ezāthenga | zāthenga | azithenganga | ezingathenganga | zingathenganga |
| Class 9 | yāthenga | eyāthenga | yāthenga | ayithenganga | engathenganga | ingathenganga |
| Class 10 | zāthenga | ezāthenga | zāthenga | azithenganga | ezingathenganga | zingathenganga |
| Class 11 | lwāthenga | olwāthenga | lwāthenga | aluthenganga | olungathenganga | lungathenganga |
| Class 14 | bāthenga | obāthenga | bāthenga | abuthenganga | obungathenganga | bungathenganga |
| Class 15 | kwāthenga | okwāthenga | kwāthenga | akuthenganga | okungathenganga | kungathenganga |
| Class 17 | kwāthenga | okwāthenga | kwāthenga | akuthenganga | okungathenganga | kungathenganga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingathenga | — | ngingathenga | ngingethenge | — | ngingethenge |
| 2nd singular | ungathenga | — | ungathenga | ungethenge | — | ungethenge |
| 1st plural | singathenga | — | singathenga | singethenge | — | singethenge |
| 2nd plural | ningathenga | — | ningathenga | ningethenge | — | ningethenge |
| Class 1 | angathenga | — | engathenga | angethenge | — | engethenge |
| Class 2 | bangathenga | — | bengathenga | bangethenge | — | bengethenge |
| Class 3 | ungathenga | — | ungathenga | ungethenge | — | ungethenge |
| Class 4 | ingathenga | — | ingathenga | ingethenge | — | ingethenge |
| Class 5 | lingathenga | — | lingathenga | lingethenge | — | lingethenge |
| Class 6 | angathenga | — | engathenga | angethenge | — | engethenge |
| Class 7 | singathenga | — | singathenga | singethenge | — | singethenge |
| Class 8 | zingathenga | — | zingathenga | zingethenge | — | zingethenge |
| Class 9 | ingathenga | — | ingathenga | ingethenge | — | ingethenge |
| Class 10 | zingathenga | — | zingathenga | zingethenge | — | zingethenge |
| Class 11 | lungathenga | — | lungathenga | lungethenge | — | lungethenge |
| Class 14 | bungathenga | — | bungathenga | bungethenge | — | bungethenge |
| Class 15 | kungathenga | — | kungathenga | kungethenge | — | kungethenge |
| Class 17 | kungathenga | — | kungathenga | kungethenge | — | kungethenge |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizothenga | engizothenga | ngizothenga | angizuthenga | engingezuthenga | ngingezuthenga |
| 2nd singular | uzothenga | ozothenga | uzothenga | awuzuthenga | ongezuthenga | ungezuthenga |
| 1st plural | sizothenga | esizothenga | sizothenga | asizuthenga | esingezuthenga | singezuthenga |
| 2nd plural | nizothenga | enizothenga | nizothenga | anizuthenga | eningezuthenga | ningezuthenga |
| Class 1 | uzothenga | ozothenga | ezothenga | akazuthenga | ongezuthenga | engezuthenga |
| Class 2 | bazothenga | abazothenga | bezothenga | abazuthenga | abangezuthenga | bengezuthenga |
| Class 3 | uzothenga | ozothenga | uzothenga | awuzuthenga | ongezuthenga | ungezuthenga |
| Class 4 | izothenga | ezothenga | izothenga | ayizuthenga | engezuthenga | ingezuthenga |
| Class 5 | lizothenga | elizothenga | lizothenga | alizuthenga | elingezuthenga | lingezuthenga |
| Class 6 | azothenga | azothenga | ezothenga | awazuthenga | angezuthenga | engezuthenga |
| Class 7 | sizothenga | esizothenga | sizothenga | asizuthenga | esingezuthenga | singezuthenga |
| Class 8 | zizothenga | ezizothenga | zizothenga | azizuthenga | ezingezuthenga | zingezuthenga |
| Class 9 | izothenga | ezothenga | izothenga | ayizuthenga | engezuthenga | ingezuthenga |
| Class 10 | zizothenga | ezizothenga | zizothenga | azizuthenga | ezingezuthenga | zingezuthenga |
| Class 11 | luzothenga | oluzothenga | luzothenga | aluzuthenga | olungezuthenga | lungezuthenga |
| Class 14 | buzothenga | obuzothenga | buzothenga | abuzuthenga | obungezuthenga | bungezuthenga |
| Class 15 | kuzothenga | okuzothenga | kuzothenga | akuzuthenga | okungezuthenga | kungezuthenga |
| Class 17 | kuzothenga | okuzothenga | kuzothenga | akuzuthenga | okungezuthenga | kungezuthenga |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyothenga | engiyothenga | ngiyothenga | angiyuthenga | engingeyuthenga | ngingeyuthenga |
| 2nd singular | uyothenga | oyothenga | uyothenga | awuyuthenga | ongeyuthenga | ungeyuthenga |
| 1st plural | siyothenga | esiyothenga | siyothenga | asiyuthenga | esingeyuthenga | singeyuthenga |
| 2nd plural | niyothenga | eniyothenga | niyothenga | aniyuthenga | eningeyuthenga | ningeyuthenga |
| Class 1 | uyothenga | oyothenga | eyothenga | akayuthenga | ongeyuthenga | engeyuthenga |
| Class 2 | bayothenga | abayothenga | beyothenga | abayuthenga | abangeyuthenga | bengeyuthenga |
| Class 3 | uyothenga | oyothenga | uyothenga | awuyuthenga | ongeyuthenga | ungeyuthenga |
| Class 4 | iyothenga | eyothenga | iyothenga | ayiyuthenga | engeyuthenga | ingeyuthenga |
| Class 5 | liyothenga | eliyothenga | liyothenga | aliyuthenga | elingeyuthenga | lingeyuthenga |
| Class 6 | ayothenga | ayothenga | eyothenga | awayuthenga | angeyuthenga | engeyuthenga |
| Class 7 | siyothenga | esiyothenga | siyothenga | asiyuthenga | esingeyuthenga | singeyuthenga |
| Class 8 | ziyothenga | eziyothenga | ziyothenga | aziyuthenga | ezingeyuthenga | zingeyuthenga |
| Class 9 | iyothenga | eyothenga | iyothenga | ayiyuthenga | engeyuthenga | ingeyuthenga |
| Class 10 | ziyothenga | eziyothenga | ziyothenga | aziyuthenga | ezingeyuthenga | zingeyuthenga |
| Class 11 | luyothenga | oluyothenga | luyothenga | aluyuthenga | olungeyuthenga | lungeyuthenga |
| Class 14 | buyothenga | obuyothenga | buyothenga | abuyuthenga | obungeyuthenga | bungeyuthenga |
| Class 15 | kuyothenga | okuyothenga | kuyothenga | akuyuthenga | okungeyuthenga | kungeyuthenga |
| Class 17 | kuyothenga | okuyothenga | kuyothenga | akuyuthenga | okungeyuthenga | kungeyuthenga |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngithenge | ngingathengi |
| 2nd singular | uthenge | ungathengi |
| 1st plural | sithenge | singathengi |
| 2nd plural | nithenge | ningathengi |
| Class 1 | athenge | angathengi |
| Class 2 | bathenge | bangathengi |
| Class 3 | uthenge | ungathengi |
| Class 4 | ithenge | ingathengi |
| Class 5 | lithenge | lingathengi |
| Class 6 | athenge | angathengi |
| Class 7 | sithenge | singathengi |
| Class 8 | zithenge | zingathengi |
| Class 9 | ithenge | ingathengi |
| Class 10 | zithenge | zingathengi |
| Class 11 | luthenge | lungathengi |
| Class 14 | buthenge | bungathengi |
| Class 15 | kuthenge | kungathengi |
| Class 17 | kuthenge | kungathengi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngathenga | ngangathenga, angathenga, angangathenga |
| 2nd singular | wathenga | wangathenga, awathenga, awangathenga |
| 1st plural | sathenga | sangathenga, asathenga, asangathenga |
| 2nd plural | nathenga | nangathenga, anathenga, anangathenga |
| Class 1 | wathenga | wangathenga, akathenga, akangathenga |
| Class 2 | bathenga | bangathenga, abathenga, abangathenga |
| Class 3 | wathenga | wangathenga, awathenga, awangathenga |
| Class 4 | yathenga | yangathenga, ayathenga, ayangathenga |
| Class 5 | lathenga | langathenga, alathenga, alangathenga |
| Class 6 | athenga | angathenga, awathenga, awangathenga |
| Class 7 | sathenga | sangathenga, asathenga, asangathenga |
| Class 8 | zathenga | zangathenga, azathenga, azangathenga |
| Class 9 | yathenga | yangathenga, ayathenga, ayangathenga |
| Class 10 | zathenga | zangathenga, azathenga, azangathenga |
| Class 11 | lwathenga | lwangathenga, alwathenga, alwangathenga |
| Class 14 | bathenga | bangathenga, abathenga, abangathenga |
| Class 15 | kwathenga | kwangathenga, akwathenga, akwangathenga |
| Class 17 | kwathenga | kwangathenga, akwathenga, akwangathenga |

#### Derived terms

* -thengisa

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thenga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thenga (3.9)”
* Khumalo, J. S. M. (1987). An autosegmental account of Zulu phonology (Ph.D. Thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg).