# 減少
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiǎnshǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄕㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam$^2$ siu$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): kám-séu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): gam$^3$ sau$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kiám-chió / kiám-siáu
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ke-sau$_5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiǎnshǎo [Phonetic: jiánshǎo]
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˇ ㄕㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiǎnshǎo
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^3$-shao$^3$
*** Yale: jyǎn-shǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jeanshao
*** Palladius: цзяньшао (czjanʹšao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaam$^2$ siu$^2$
*** Yale: gáam síu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaam$^2$ siu$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gam$^2$ xiu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːm³⁵ siːu̯³⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$減小／减小 減少／减少
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kám-séu
*** Hakka Romanization System: gam$^ˋ$ seu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gam$^3$ seu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kam³¹ seu̯³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gam$^3$ sau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kam³¹ sau³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiám-chió
*** Tâi-lô: kiám-tsió
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiafmcioir
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /kiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sio⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɤ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiam⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sio⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiám-siáu
*** Tâi-lô: kiám-siáu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kiafmsiao
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiam⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siau⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiam⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siau⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ke-sau$_5$
*** MiniDict: ke$^去$ sau$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ke-sau$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ke³³ sɔ⁴⁴/

### Verb

減少
* to reduce; to decrease; to cut; to minimise
    減少痛苦／减少痛苦 ― jiǎnshǎo tòngkǔ ― to reduce suffering
    減少損失／减少损失 ― jiǎnshǎo sǔnshī ― to cut one's losses
    減少浪費／减少浪费 ― jiǎnshǎo làngfèi ― to reduce waste
    減少犯罪／减少犯罪 ― jiǎnshǎo fànzuì ― to reduce crime
    減少疲勞／减少疲劳 ― jiǎnshǎo píláo ― to minimise fatigue
    減少食量／减少食量 ― jiǎnshǎo shíliàng ― to reduce food intake
       jiǎnshǎo zhèngfǔ guòdù jiānguǎn [Pinyin]
       to reduce excessive government regulations
       jiǎnshǎo chǔxù, zēngjiā xiāofèi [Pinyin]
       to save less and spend more

#### Synonyms

* 削 (literary, or in compounds)
* 削減／削减 (xuējiǎn)
* 壓縮／压缩 (yāsuō)
* 損／损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 撤 (chè)
* 收縮／收缩 (shōusuō)
* 消減／消减 (xiāojiǎn)
* 減低／减低 (jiǎndī)
* 減削／减削 (jiǎnxuè)
* 減損／减损 (jiǎnsǔn)
* 減輕／减轻 (jiǎnqīng)
* 省卻／省却 (shěngquè)
* 砍 (kǎn)
* 緊縮／紧缩 (jǐnsuō)
* 縮減／缩减 (suōjiǎn)
* 耗
* 裁 (cái)
* 裁汰 (cáitài) (literary)
* 裁減／裁减 (cáijiǎn)
* 鐫汰／镌汰 (juāntài) (literary)
* 降低 (jiàngdī)

#### Antonyms

* 加多 (jiāduō)
* 加添 (jiātiān)
* 添加 (tiānjiā)
* 增多 (zēngduō)
* 增加 (zēngjiā)
* 增添 (zēngtiān)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 減 | 少 |
| げん Grade: 5 | しょう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) げんしょー [gèńshóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡẽ̞ɰ̃ɕo̞ː]

### Noun

減(げん)少(しょう) • (genshō)
* reduction, decrease, fall, decline

### Verb

減(げん)少(しょう)する • (genshō suru) suru (stem 減(げん)少(しょう)し (genshō shi), past 減(げん)少(しょう)した (genshō shita))
* come down, decrease, fall, diminish, lessen, recede, wane

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 減少し | げんしょうし | genshō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 減少し | げんしょうし | genshō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 減少する | げんしょうする | genshō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 減少する | げんしょうする | genshō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 減少すれ | げんしょうすれ | genshō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 減少せよ¹ 減少しろ² | げんしょうせよ¹ げんしょうしろ² | genshō seyo¹ genshō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 減少される | げんしょうされる | genshō sareru |
| Causative | 減少させる 減少さす | げんしょうさせる げんしょうさす | genshō saseru genshō sasu |
| Potential | 減少できる | げんしょうできる | genshō dekiru |
| Volitional | 減少しよう | げんしょうしよう | genshō shiyō |
| Negative | 減少しない | げんしょうしない | genshō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 減少せず | げんしょうせず | genshō sezu |
| Formal | 減少します | げんしょうします | genshō shimasu |
| Perfective | 減少した | げんしょうした | genshō shita |
| Conjunctive | 減少して | げんしょうして | genshō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 減少すれば | げんしょうすれば | genshō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* 減(へ)る (heru)

#### Antonyms

* 増(ふ)える (fueru)
* 増加(ぞうか) (zōka)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 減 | 少 |

### Verb

減少
* chữ Hán form of giảm thiểu.