# hlakula
## Xhosa
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-càkʊda (“to weed”), derived from Proto-Bantu *ìcàká (“thicket”).

### Verb

-hlákula
* to hoe

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* umhlakulo

## Zulu
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-càkʊda (“to weed”), derived from Proto-Bantu *ìcàká (“thicket”).

### Verb

-hlakula
* (transitive) to weed

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuhlakula |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuhlakula | ukungahlakuli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | hlakula | -hlakule |
| Plural | hlakulani | -hlakuleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyahlakula, ngihlakula | engihlakulayo, engihlakula | ngihlakula | angihlakuli | engingahlakuli | ngingahlakuli |
| 2nd singular | uyahlakula, uhlakula | ohlakulayo, ohlakula | uhlakula | awuhlakuli | ongahlakuli | ungahlakuli |
| 1st plural | siyahlakula, sihlakula | esihlakulayo, esihlakula | sihlakula | asihlakuli | esingahlakuli | singahlakuli |
| 2nd plural | niyahlakula, nihlakula | enihlakulayo, enihlakula | nihlakula | anihlakuli | eningahlakuli | ningahlakuli |
| Class 1 | uyahlakula, uhlakula | ohlakulayo, ohlakula | ehlakula | akahlakuli | ongahlakuli | engahlakuli |
| Class 2 | bayahlakula, bahlakula | abahlakulayo, abahlakula | behlakula | abahlakuli | abangahlakuli | bengahlakuli |
| Class 3 | uyahlakula, uhlakula | ohlakulayo, ohlakula | uhlakula | awuhlakuli | ongahlakuli | ungahlakuli |
| Class 4 | iyahlakula, ihlakula | ehlakulayo, ehlakula | ihlakula | ayihlakuli | engahlakuli | ingahlakuli |
| Class 5 | liyahlakula, lihlakula | elihlakulayo, elihlakula | lihlakula | alihlakuli | elingahlakuli | lingahlakuli |
| Class 6 | ayahlakula, ahlakula | ahlakulayo, ahlakula | ehlakula | awahlakuli | angahlakuli | engahlakuli |
| Class 7 | siyahlakula, sihlakula | esihlakulayo, esihlakula | sihlakula | asihlakuli | esingahlakuli | singahlakuli |
| Class 8 | ziyahlakula, zihlakula | ezihlakulayo, ezihlakula | zihlakula | azihlakuli | ezingahlakuli | zingahlakuli |
| Class 9 | iyahlakula, ihlakula | ehlakulayo, ehlakula | ihlakula | ayihlakuli | engahlakuli | ingahlakuli |
| Class 10 | ziyahlakula, zihlakula | ezihlakulayo, ezihlakula | zihlakula | azihlakuli | ezingahlakuli | zingahlakuli |
| Class 11 | luyahlakula, luhlakula | oluhlakulayo, oluhlakula | luhlakula | aluhlakuli | olungahlakuli | lungahlakuli |
| Class 14 | buyahlakula, buhlakula | obuhlakulayo, obuhlakula | buhlakula | abuhlakuli | obungahlakuli | bungahlakuli |
| Class 15 | kuyahlakula, kuhlakula | okuhlakulayo, okuhlakula | kuhlakula | akuhlakuli | okungahlakuli | kungahlakuli |
| Class 17 | kuyahlakula, kuhlakula | okuhlakulayo, okuhlakula | kuhlakula | akuhlakuli | okungahlakuli | kungahlakuli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngihlakulile, ngihlakulē | engihlakulile, engihlakulē | ngihlakulile, ngihlakulē | angihlakulanga | engingahlakulanga | ngingahlakulanga |
| 2nd singular | uhlakulile, uhlakulē | ohlakulile, ohlakulē | uhlakulile, uhlakulē | awuhlakulanga | ongahlakulanga | ungahlakulanga |
| 1st plural | sihlakulile, sihlakulē | esihlakulile, esihlakulē | sihlakulile, sihlakulē | asihlakulanga | esingahlakulanga | singahlakulanga |
| 2nd plural | nihlakulile, nihlakulē | enihlakulile, enihlakulē | nihlakulile, nihlakulē | anihlakulanga | eningahlakulanga | ningahlakulanga |
| Class 1 | uhlakulile, uhlakulē | ohlakulile, ohlakulē | ehlakulile, ehlakulē | akahlakulanga | ongahlakulanga | engahlakulanga |
| Class 2 | bahlakulile, bahlakulē | abahlakulile, abahlakulē | behlakulile, behlakulē | abahlakulanga | abangahlakulanga | bengahlakulanga |
| Class 3 | uhlakulile, uhlakulē | ohlakulile, ohlakulē | uhlakulile, uhlakulē | awuhlakulanga | ongahlakulanga | ungahlakulanga |
| Class 4 | ihlakulile, ihlakulē | ehlakulile, ehlakulē | ihlakulile, ihlakulē | ayihlakulanga | engahlakulanga | ingahlakulanga |
| Class 5 | lihlakulile, lihlakulē | elihlakulile, elihlakulē | lihlakulile, lihlakulē | alihlakulanga | elingahlakulanga | lingahlakulanga |
| Class 6 | ahlakulile, ahlakulē | ahlakulile, ahlakulē | ehlakulile, ehlakulē | awahlakulanga | angahlakulanga | engahlakulanga |
| Class 7 | sihlakulile, sihlakulē | esihlakulile, esihlakulē | sihlakulile, sihlakulē | asihlakulanga | esingahlakulanga | singahlakulanga |
| Class 8 | zihlakulile, zihlakulē | ezihlakulile, ezihlakulē | zihlakulile, zihlakulē | azihlakulanga | ezingahlakulanga | zingahlakulanga |
| Class 9 | ihlakulile, ihlakulē | ehlakulile, ehlakulē | ihlakulile, ihlakulē | ayihlakulanga | engahlakulanga | ingahlakulanga |
| Class 10 | zihlakulile, zihlakulē | ezihlakulile, ezihlakulē | zihlakulile, zihlakulē | azihlakulanga | ezingahlakulanga | zingahlakulanga |
| Class 11 | luhlakulile, luhlakulē | oluhlakulile, oluhlakulē | luhlakulile, luhlakulē | aluhlakulanga | olungahlakulanga | lungahlakulanga |
| Class 14 | buhlakulile, buhlakulē | obuhlakulile, obuhlakulē | buhlakulile, buhlakulē | abuhlakulanga | obungahlakulanga | bungahlakulanga |
| Class 15 | kuhlakulile, kuhlakulē | okuhlakulile, okuhlakulē | kuhlakulile, kuhlakulē | akuhlakulanga | okungahlakulanga | kungahlakulanga |
| Class 17 | kuhlakulile, kuhlakulē | okuhlakulile, okuhlakulē | kuhlakulile, kuhlakulē | akuhlakulanga | okungahlakulanga | kungahlakulanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāhlakula | engāhlakula | ngāhlakula | angihlakulanga | engingahlakulanga | ngingahlakulanga |
| 2nd singular | wāhlakula | owāhlakula | wāhlakula | awuhlakulanga | ongahlakulanga | ungahlakulanga |
| 1st plural | sāhlakula | esāhlakula | sāhlakula | asihlakulanga | esingahlakulanga | singahlakulanga |
| 2nd plural | nāhlakula | enāhlakula | nāhlakula | anihlakulanga | eningahlakulanga | ningahlakulanga |
| Class 1 | wāhlakula | owāhlakula | āhlakula | akahlakulanga | ongahlakulanga | engahlakulanga |
| Class 2 | bāhlakula | abāhlakula | bāhlakula | abahlakulanga | abangahlakulanga | bengahlakulanga |
| Class 3 | wāhlakula | owāhlakula | wāhlakula | awuhlakulanga | ongahlakulanga | ungahlakulanga |
| Class 4 | yāhlakula | eyāhlakula | yāhlakula | ayihlakulanga | engahlakulanga | ingahlakulanga |
| Class 5 | lāhlakula | elāhlakula | lāhlakula | alihlakulanga | elingahlakulanga | lingahlakulanga |
| Class 6 | āhlakula | āhlakula | āhlakula | awahlakulanga | angahlakulanga | engahlakulanga |
| Class 7 | sāhlakula | esāhlakula | sāhlakula | asihlakulanga | esingahlakulanga | singahlakulanga |
| Class 8 | zāhlakula | ezāhlakula | zāhlakula | azihlakulanga | ezingahlakulanga | zingahlakulanga |
| Class 9 | yāhlakula | eyāhlakula | yāhlakula | ayihlakulanga | engahlakulanga | ingahlakulanga |
| Class 10 | zāhlakula | ezāhlakula | zāhlakula | azihlakulanga | ezingahlakulanga | zingahlakulanga |
| Class 11 | lwāhlakula | olwāhlakula | lwāhlakula | aluhlakulanga | olungahlakulanga | lungahlakulanga |
| Class 14 | bāhlakula | obāhlakula | bāhlakula | abuhlakulanga | obungahlakulanga | bungahlakulanga |
| Class 15 | kwāhlakula | okwāhlakula | kwāhlakula | akuhlakulanga | okungahlakulanga | kungahlakulanga |
| Class 17 | kwāhlakula | okwāhlakula | kwāhlakula | akuhlakulanga | okungahlakulanga | kungahlakulanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingahlakula | — | ngingahlakula | ngingehlakule | — | ngingehlakule |
| 2nd singular | ungahlakula | — | ungahlakula | ungehlakule | — | ungehlakule |
| 1st plural | singahlakula | — | singahlakula | singehlakule | — | singehlakule |
| 2nd plural | ningahlakula | — | ningahlakula | ningehlakule | — | ningehlakule |
| Class 1 | angahlakula | — | engahlakula | angehlakule | — | engehlakule |
| Class 2 | bangahlakula | — | bengahlakula | bangehlakule | — | bengehlakule |
| Class 3 | ungahlakula | — | ungahlakula | ungehlakule | — | ungehlakule |
| Class 4 | ingahlakula | — | ingahlakula | ingehlakule | — | ingehlakule |
| Class 5 | lingahlakula | — | lingahlakula | lingehlakule | — | lingehlakule |
| Class 6 | angahlakula | — | engahlakula | angehlakule | — | engehlakule |
| Class 7 | singahlakula | — | singahlakula | singehlakule | — | singehlakule |
| Class 8 | zingahlakula | — | zingahlakula | zingehlakule | — | zingehlakule |
| Class 9 | ingahlakula | — | ingahlakula | ingehlakule | — | ingehlakule |
| Class 10 | zingahlakula | — | zingahlakula | zingehlakule | — | zingehlakule |
| Class 11 | lungahlakula | — | lungahlakula | lungehlakule | — | lungehlakule |
| Class 14 | bungahlakula | — | bungahlakula | bungehlakule | — | bungehlakule |
| Class 15 | kungahlakula | — | kungahlakula | kungehlakule | — | kungehlakule |
| Class 17 | kungahlakula | — | kungahlakula | kungehlakule | — | kungehlakule |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizohlakula | engizohlakula | ngizohlakula | angizuhlakula | engingezuhlakula | ngingezuhlakula |
| 2nd singular | uzohlakula | ozohlakula | uzohlakula | awuzuhlakula | ongezuhlakula | ungezuhlakula |
| 1st plural | sizohlakula | esizohlakula | sizohlakula | asizuhlakula | esingezuhlakula | singezuhlakula |
| 2nd plural | nizohlakula | enizohlakula | nizohlakula | anizuhlakula | eningezuhlakula | ningezuhlakula |
| Class 1 | uzohlakula | ozohlakula | ezohlakula | akazuhlakula | ongezuhlakula | engezuhlakula |
| Class 2 | bazohlakula | abazohlakula | bezohlakula | abazuhlakula | abangezuhlakula | bengezuhlakula |
| Class 3 | uzohlakula | ozohlakula | uzohlakula | awuzuhlakula | ongezuhlakula | ungezuhlakula |
| Class 4 | izohlakula | ezohlakula | izohlakula | ayizuhlakula | engezuhlakula | ingezuhlakula |
| Class 5 | lizohlakula | elizohlakula | lizohlakula | alizuhlakula | elingezuhlakula | lingezuhlakula |
| Class 6 | azohlakula | azohlakula | ezohlakula | awazuhlakula | angezuhlakula | engezuhlakula |
| Class 7 | sizohlakula | esizohlakula | sizohlakula | asizuhlakula | esingezuhlakula | singezuhlakula |
| Class 8 | zizohlakula | ezizohlakula | zizohlakula | azizuhlakula | ezingezuhlakula | zingezuhlakula |
| Class 9 | izohlakula | ezohlakula | izohlakula | ayizuhlakula | engezuhlakula | ingezuhlakula |
| Class 10 | zizohlakula | ezizohlakula | zizohlakula | azizuhlakula | ezingezuhlakula | zingezuhlakula |
| Class 11 | luzohlakula | oluzohlakula | luzohlakula | aluzuhlakula | olungezuhlakula | lungezuhlakula |
| Class 14 | buzohlakula | obuzohlakula | buzohlakula | abuzuhlakula | obungezuhlakula | bungezuhlakula |
| Class 15 | kuzohlakula | okuzohlakula | kuzohlakula | akuzuhlakula | okungezuhlakula | kungezuhlakula |
| Class 17 | kuzohlakula | okuzohlakula | kuzohlakula | akuzuhlakula | okungezuhlakula | kungezuhlakula |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyohlakula | engiyohlakula | ngiyohlakula | angiyuhlakula | engingeyuhlakula | ngingeyuhlakula |
| 2nd singular | uyohlakula | oyohlakula | uyohlakula | awuyuhlakula | ongeyuhlakula | ungeyuhlakula |
| 1st plural | siyohlakula | esiyohlakula | siyohlakula | asiyuhlakula | esingeyuhlakula | singeyuhlakula |
| 2nd plural | niyohlakula | eniyohlakula | niyohlakula | aniyuhlakula | eningeyuhlakula | ningeyuhlakula |
| Class 1 | uyohlakula | oyohlakula | eyohlakula | akayuhlakula | ongeyuhlakula | engeyuhlakula |
| Class 2 | bayohlakula | abayohlakula | beyohlakula | abayuhlakula | abangeyuhlakula | bengeyuhlakula |
| Class 3 | uyohlakula | oyohlakula | uyohlakula | awuyuhlakula | ongeyuhlakula | ungeyuhlakula |
| Class 4 | iyohlakula | eyohlakula | iyohlakula | ayiyuhlakula | engeyuhlakula | ingeyuhlakula |
| Class 5 | liyohlakula | eliyohlakula | liyohlakula | aliyuhlakula | elingeyuhlakula | lingeyuhlakula |
| Class 6 | ayohlakula | ayohlakula | eyohlakula | awayuhlakula | angeyuhlakula | engeyuhlakula |
| Class 7 | siyohlakula | esiyohlakula | siyohlakula | asiyuhlakula | esingeyuhlakula | singeyuhlakula |
| Class 8 | ziyohlakula | eziyohlakula | ziyohlakula | aziyuhlakula | ezingeyuhlakula | zingeyuhlakula |
| Class 9 | iyohlakula | eyohlakula | iyohlakula | ayiyuhlakula | engeyuhlakula | ingeyuhlakula |
| Class 10 | ziyohlakula | eziyohlakula | ziyohlakula | aziyuhlakula | ezingeyuhlakula | zingeyuhlakula |
| Class 11 | luyohlakula | oluyohlakula | luyohlakula | aluyuhlakula | olungeyuhlakula | lungeyuhlakula |
| Class 14 | buyohlakula | obuyohlakula | buyohlakula | abuyuhlakula | obungeyuhlakula | bungeyuhlakula |
| Class 15 | kuyohlakula | okuyohlakula | kuyohlakula | akuyuhlakula | okungeyuhlakula | kungeyuhlakula |
| Class 17 | kuyohlakula | okuyohlakula | kuyohlakula | akuyuhlakula | okungeyuhlakula | kungeyuhlakula |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngihlakule | ngingahlakuli |
| 2nd singular | uhlakule | ungahlakuli |
| 1st plural | sihlakule | singahlakuli |
| 2nd plural | nihlakule | ningahlakuli |
| Class 1 | ahlakule | angahlakuli |
| Class 2 | bahlakule | bangahlakuli |
| Class 3 | uhlakule | ungahlakuli |
| Class 4 | ihlakule | ingahlakuli |
| Class 5 | lihlakule | lingahlakuli |
| Class 6 | ahlakule | angahlakuli |
| Class 7 | sihlakule | singahlakuli |
| Class 8 | zihlakule | zingahlakuli |
| Class 9 | ihlakule | ingahlakuli |
| Class 10 | zihlakule | zingahlakuli |
| Class 11 | luhlakule | lungahlakuli |
| Class 14 | buhlakule | bungahlakuli |
| Class 15 | kuhlakule | kungahlakuli |
| Class 17 | kuhlakule | kungahlakuli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngahlakula | ngangahlakula, angahlakula, angangahlakula |
| 2nd singular | wahlakula | wangahlakula, awahlakula, awangahlakula |
| 1st plural | sahlakula | sangahlakula, asahlakula, asangahlakula |
| 2nd plural | nahlakula | nangahlakula, anahlakula, anangahlakula |
| Class 1 | wahlakula | wangahlakula, akahlakula, akangahlakula |
| Class 2 | bahlakula | bangahlakula, abahlakula, abangahlakula |
| Class 3 | wahlakula | wangahlakula, awahlakula, awangahlakula |
| Class 4 | yahlakula | yangahlakula, ayahlakula, ayangahlakula |
| Class 5 | lahlakula | langahlakula, alahlakula, alangahlakula |
| Class 6 | ahlakula | angahlakula, awahlakula, awangahlakula |
| Class 7 | sahlakula | sangahlakula, asahlakula, asangahlakula |
| Class 8 | zahlakula | zangahlakula, azahlakula, azangahlakula |
| Class 9 | yahlakula | yangahlakula, ayahlakula, ayangahlakula |
| Class 10 | zahlakula | zangahlakula, azahlakula, azangahlakula |
| Class 11 | lwahlakula | lwangahlakula, alwahlakula, alwangahlakula |
| Class 14 | bahlakula | bangahlakula, abahlakula, abangahlakula |
| Class 15 | kwahlakula | kwangahlakula, akwahlakula, akwangahlakula |
| Class 17 | kwahlakula | kwangahlakula, akwahlakula, akwangahlakula |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hlakula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlakula (3.2.9)”