# 名字
## Chinese
### Etymology

Combination of 名 (míng, “given name”) and 字 (zì, “courtesy name, given to an individual at adulthood”). Originally two different types of names in ancient China, in modern Chinese the two characters form a single word.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): míngzi, míngzì
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ ˙ㄗ, ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄗˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): минзы (minzɨ, I-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ming$^4$ zi$^6$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'miang$^4$ ci$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): miàng-sṳ
* Northern Min (KCR): miâng-cī
* Eastern Min (BUC): miàng-cê
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): miâ-lī / miâ-jī
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mian$^5$ ri$^7$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$min-zy$_6$ / $^2$min-zy$_6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland, variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: míngzi
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ˙ㄗ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: míngzi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^2$-tzŭ$^5$
*** Yale: míng-dz
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ming.tzy
*** Palladius: минцзы (minczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³⁵ d͡z̥z̩³/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$名字 明子
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: míngzì
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄗˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: míngzìh
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^2$-tzŭ$^4$
*** Yale: míng-dz̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingtzyh
*** Palladius: минцзы (minczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³⁵ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: минзы (minzɨ, I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ²⁴ t͡sz̩⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ming$^4$ zi$^6$
*** Yale: mìhng jih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ming$^4$ dzi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ming$^4$ ji$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɪŋ²¹ t͡siː²²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$名字 明治
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'miang$^4$ ci$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈmiaŋ³⁵ t͡sʰz̩¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miàng-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: miang$^ˇ$ sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: miang$^2$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi̯aŋ¹¹ sɨ⁵⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: miâng-cī
*** Sinological IPA : /miaŋ³³ t͡si⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: miàng-cê
*** Sinological IPA : /miaŋ⁵³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒɛi²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: miâ-lī
*** Tâi-lô: miâ-lī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: miali
*** IPA (Xiamen): /miã²⁴⁻²² li²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /miã²⁴⁻¹¹ li³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /miã²⁴⁻²² li⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: miâ-jī
*** Tâi-lô: miâ-jī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: miaji
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /miã²³⁻³³ zi³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /miã¹³⁻²² d͡zi²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mian$^5$ ri$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miâⁿ jī
*** Sinological IPA : /mĩã⁵⁵⁻¹¹ d͡zi¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$min-zy$_6$
*** MiniDict: min$^去$ zy$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$min-zr$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²² zz̩⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^2$min-zy$_6$
*** MiniDict: min$^平$ zy$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /min¹³ zz̩³¹/

### Noun

名字
* name
    起名字 ― qǐ míngzi ― to come up with a name
* full name (of a person)
    你叫什麼名字？／你叫什么名字？ ― Nǐ jiào shénme míngzi? ― What's your name?
* given name
       Tā xìng chén, míngzi jiào huá qīng. [Pinyin]
       His last name is Chen, and his given name is Huaqing.
       Wǒ wàngjì zěnme pīnxiě nǐ de míngzì láizhe. [Pinyin]
       I've forgotten how to spell your name.

#### Synonyms

* (name):
* 叫法 (jiàofǎ)
* 名 (míng)
* 名兒／名儿 (míngr)
* 名目 (míngmù)
* 名稱／名称 (míngchēng)
* 名色 (míngsè) (literary)
* 名號／名号 (mínghào) (literary)
* 命名 (mìngmíng)
* 稱呼／称呼 (chēnghū)
* 稱號／称号 (chēnghào) (usually a complementary one)
* 稱謂／称谓 (chēngwèi)
* 題目／题目 (tímù) (archaic)
* (full name): (literary or Min Nan, Hakka) 名姓 (míngxìng), 全名 (quánmíng), 姓名 (xìngmíng)
* (given name): 名 (míng)

#### Descendants

* Wutunhua: minze

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 名 | 字 |
| みょう Grade: 1 | じ Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 苗字

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) みょーじ [myóꜜòjì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [mʲo̞ːʑi]

### Noun

名(みょう)字(じ) • (myōji)
* surname, family name

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 名 | 字 |

### Noun

名字 • (myeongja) (hangeul 명자)
* hanja form of 명자 (“the characters of one's name, fame”)

## Okinawan
### Etymology

Kanji in this term :
| 名 | 字 |
| のー Grade: 1 | じ Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
Kanji in this term :
| 名 | 字 |
| みょー Grade: 1 | じ Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 苗字
Cognate to Japanese 名字 (みょうじ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mjoːd͡ʑi/, /noːd͡ʑi/

### Noun

名(みょー)字(じ) or 名(のー)字(じ) (myōji or nōji)
* surname, family name, last name

### References

* “みょーじ【名字・苗字】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
* “のーじ【名字・苗字】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.
* “ミョージ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).
* “ノージ” in Okinawa Center of Language Study, Shuri-Naha Dialect Dictionary (archived; reopens 2024).