# 憤懣
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fènmèn
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ㄇㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^5$ mun$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fènmèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ㄇㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fènmèn
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^4$-mên$^4$
*** Yale: fèn-mèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fennmenn
*** Palladius: фэньмэнь (fɛnʹmɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵¹⁻⁵³ mən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^5$ mun$^6$
*** Yale: fáhn muhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^5$ mun$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^5$ mun$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn¹³ muːn²²/

### Adjective

憤懣
* resentful; discontented; indignant
* furious; indignant

#### Synonyms

* (resentful):
* 低沉 (dīchén)
* 低落 (dīluò)
* 冷館／冷馆 (Xiamen Hokkien)
* 喪氣／丧气
* 壓抑／压抑 (yāyì)
* 失望 (shīwàng)
* 失落 (shīluò)
* 寡歡／寡欢 (guǎhuān)
* 幽鬱／幽郁 (yōuyù) (archaic)
* 悒鬱／悒郁 (yìyù) (literary)
* 悒鬱寡歡／悒郁寡欢 (yìyùguǎhuān)
* 愁悶／愁闷 (chóumèn)
* 憂悶／忧闷 (yōumèn)
* 慘沮／惨沮 (cǎnjǔ) (literary)
* 憂鬱／忧郁 (yōuyù)
* 憋悶／憋闷
* 懊喪／懊丧 (àosàng)
* 抑鬱／抑郁 (yìyù)
* 沉悶／沉闷 (chénmèn)
* 沉抑 (chényì)
* 沉鬱／沉郁 (chényù) (literary)
* 沮喪／沮丧 (jǔsàng)
* 消極／消极 (xiāojí)
* 消沉 (xiāochén)
* 灰 (huī) (literary, or in compounds)
* 灰心 (huīxīn)
* 灰心喪氣／灰心丧气 (huīxīnsàngqì)
* 煩悶／烦闷 (fánmèn)
* 神傷／神伤 (shénshāng) (literary)
* 索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
* 苦悶／苦闷 (kǔmèn)
* 萎靡
* 陰暗／阴暗 (yīn'àn)
* 陰沉／阴沉 (yīnchén)
* 頹唐／颓唐 (tuítáng)
* 頹喪／颓丧 (tuísàng)
* 頹廢／颓废 (tuífèi)
* 鬱悶／郁闷 (yùmèn)
* 鬱鬱／郁郁 (yùyù) (literary)
* 鬱鬱不樂／郁郁不乐 (yùyùbùlè)
* 鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
* 鬱鬱寡歡／郁郁寡欢 (yùyùguǎhuān)
* 齪嘈／龊嘈 (Hokkien)
* (furious):
* 不平 (bùpíng)
* 不滿／不满 (bùmǎn)
* 受氣／受气 (siū-khì) (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 嬲 (Cantonese)
* 嬲爆爆 (nau$^1$ baau$^3$ baau$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 怒 (nù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 怒憤／怒愤 (nùfèn) (literary)
* 悻悻 (xìngxìng) (literary)
* 悻然 (xìngrán) (literary)
* 憤怒／愤怒 (fènnù)
* 憤慨／愤慨 (fènkǎi)
* 氣呼呼／气呼呼 (qìhūhū)
* 氣奪奪／气夺夺 (Hokkien)
* 氣怫怫／气怫怫 (Hokkien)
* 氣憤／气愤 (qìfèn)
* 氣掣掣／气掣掣 (Hokkien)
* 氣沖沖／气冲冲 (qìchōngchōng)
* 激心 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 火大 (huǒdà)
* 生氣／生气 (shēngqì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 憤 | 懣 |
| ふん Grade: S | まん Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 忿懣

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ふんまん [fùńmáń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɸɯ̟̃mːã̠ɴ]

### Noun

憤(ふん)懣(まん) • (funman)
* resentment, indignation (anger aroused by some perceived offense or injustice)

### Verb

憤(ふん)懣(まん)する • (funman suru) suru (stem 憤(ふん)懣(まん)し (funman shi), past 憤(ふん)懣(まん)した (funman shita))
* resent

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 憤懣し | ふんまんし | funman shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 憤懣し | ふんまんし | funman shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 憤懣する | ふんまんする | funman suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 憤懣する | ふんまんする | funman suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 憤懣すれ | ふんまんすれ | funman sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 憤懣せよ¹ 憤懣しろ² | ふんまんせよ¹ ふんまんしろ² | funman seyo¹ funman shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 憤懣される | ふんまんされる | funman sareru |
| Causative | 憤懣させる 憤懣さす | ふんまんさせる ふんまんさす | funman saseru funman sasu |
| Potential | 憤懣できる | ふんまんできる | funman dekiru |
| Volitional | 憤懣しよう | ふんまんしよう | funman shiyō |
| Negative | 憤懣しない | ふんまんしない | funman shinai |
| Negative continuative | 憤懣せず | ふんまんせず | funman sezu |
| Formal | 憤懣します | ふんまんします | funman shimasu |
| Perfective | 憤懣した | ふんまんした | funman shita |
| Conjunctive | 憤懣して | ふんまんして | funman shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 憤懣すれば | ふんまんすれば | funman sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 憤 | 懣 |

### Noun

憤懣 • (bunman) (hangeul 분만)
* hanja form of 분만 (“resentment”)