# 進貢
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìngòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zeon$^3$ gung$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): din$^1$ guung$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chin-kung
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chìn-kòng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìngòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄣˋ ㄍㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìngòng
*** Wade–Giles: chin$^4$-kung$^4$
*** Yale: jìn-gùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jinngonq
*** Palladius: цзиньгун (czinʹgun)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕin⁵¹⁻⁵³ kʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zeon$^3$ gung$^3$
*** Yale: jeun gung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoen$^3$ gung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zên$^3$ gung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵn³³ kʊŋ³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: din$^1$ guung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tin³³ kɵŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chin-kung
*** Hakka Romanization System: jin gung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: jin$^4$ gung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sin⁵⁵ kuŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chìn-kòng
*** Tâi-lô: tsìn-kòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cienkoxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sin¹¹⁻⁵³ kɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sin²¹⁻⁴¹ kɔŋ²¹/

### Verb

進貢
* to offer tribute (to a suzerain or emperor); to pay tribute that a vassal owes to his suzerain
* to grease or oil somebody's palm

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 進 | 貢 |
| しん Grade: 3 | こう Grade: S |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しんこー [shìńkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɕĩŋko̞ː]

### Noun

進(しん)貢(こう) • (shinkō)
* paying tribute

#### Derived terms

* 進(しん)貢(こう)船(せん) (shinkōsen)

#### Related terms

* 朝(ちょう)貢(こう) (chōkō)

### Verb

進(しん)貢(こう)する • (shinkō suru) intransitive suru (stem 進(しん)貢(こう)し (shinkō shi), past 進(しん)貢(こう)した (shinkō shita))
* to pay tribute

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 進貢し | しんこうし | shinkō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 進貢し | しんこうし | shinkō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 進貢する | しんこうする | shinkō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 進貢する | しんこうする | shinkō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 進貢すれ | しんこうすれ | shinkō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 進貢せよ¹ 進貢しろ² | しんこうせよ¹ しんこうしろ² | shinkō seyo¹ shinkō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 進貢される | しんこうされる | shinkō sareru |
| Causative | 進貢させる 進貢さす | しんこうさせる しんこうさす | shinkō saseru shinkō sasu |
| Potential | 進貢できる | しんこうできる | shinkō dekiru |
| Volitional | 進貢しよう | しんこうしよう | shinkō shiyō |
| Negative | 進貢しない | しんこうしない | shinkō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 進貢せず | しんこうせず | shinkō sezu |
| Formal | 進貢します | しんこうします | shinkō shimasu |
| Perfective | 進貢した | しんこうした | shinkō shita |
| Conjunctive | 進貢して | しんこうして | shinkō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 進貢すれば | しんこうすれば | shinkō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 進 | 貢 |

### Noun

進貢 • (jin'gong) (hangeul 진공)
* hanja form of 진공