# ϩⲱⲧⲃ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ (xōteb) — Bohairic
* ϩⲱⲧⲉⲃ (hōteb) — Fayyumic
* ϩⲟⲧⲉⲃ (hoteb) — Fayyumic
* ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ (hōtbe) — Lycopolitan
* ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ (xōtbe) — Akhmimic

### Etymology

Inherited from Demotic ẖtb (“to kill”), from Egyptian ẖdb (“to kill”).

### Verb

ϩⲱⲧⲃ • (hōtb) (nominal state ϩⲉⲧⲃ-, pronominal state ϩⲟⲧⲃ⸗, stative ϩⲟⲧⲃ+, conjunct participle ϩⲁⲧⲃ-)
* (Sahidic, transitive, intransitive) to kill

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲱⲧⲃ hōtb | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲱⲧⲃ hōtb |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ tm̄hōtb | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄hōtb |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲱⲧⲃ tihōtb | ⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ khōtb | ⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ tehōtb | ϥϩⲱⲧⲃ fhōtb | ⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ shōtb | ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ tn̄hōtb | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ tetn̄hōtb | ⲥⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ sehōtb | ϩⲱⲧⲃ hōtb |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ eïhōtb | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ ekhōtb | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ erehōtb | ⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ efhōtb | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ eshōtb | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ enhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etetn̄hōtb | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ euhōtb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ ere- hōtb |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲱⲧⲃ etihōtb | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etk̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ etehōtb, eterehōtb | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etf̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ ets̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etn̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etetn̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ etouhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ etere- hōtb |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ neïhōtb | ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ nekhōtb | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ nerehōtb | ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ nefhōtb | ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ neshōtb | ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ nenhōtb | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ netetn̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ neuhōtb | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ nere- hōtb |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ tinahōtb | ⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ knahōtb | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ tenahōtb | ϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ fnahōtb | ⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ snahōtb | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ tn̄nahōtb | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ tetnahōtb | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ senahōtb | ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ nahōtb |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ eïnahōtb | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ eknahōtb | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ erenahōtb | ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ efnahōtb | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ esnahōtb | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ ennahōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etetnahōtb | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ eunahōtb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ ere- nahōtb |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etinahōtb | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etk̄nahōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etenahōtb, eterenahōtb | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etf̄nahōtb | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ ets̄nahōtb | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etn̄nahōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etetnahōtb | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etounahōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ etere- nahōtb |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ neïnahōtb | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ neknahōtb | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ nerenahōtb | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ nefnahōtb | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ nesnahōtb | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ nennahōtb | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ netetnahōtb | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ neunahōtb | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ nere- nahōtb |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ aïhōtb | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ akhōtb | ⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲁⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ ahōtb, arhōtb, arehōtb | ⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ afhōtb | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ ashōtb | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ anhōtb | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ atetn̄hōtb | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ auhōtb | ⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ a- hōtb |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pihōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pk̄hōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pehōtb, m̄pr̄hōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pf̄hōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄ps̄hōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pn̄hōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄petn̄hōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pouhōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pe- hōtb |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ eaïhōtb | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ eakhōtb | ⲉⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲁⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ eahōtb, earhōtb, earehōtb | ⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ eafhōtb | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ eashōtb | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ eanhōtb | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ eatetn̄hōtb | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ eauhōtb | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ ea- hōtb |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pihōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pk̄hōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pehōtb, em̄pr̄hōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pf̄hōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄ps̄hōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pn̄hōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄petn̄hōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pouhōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pe- hōtb |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ entaïhōtb, n̄taïhōtb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ entakhōtb, n̄takhōtb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ entahōtb, n̄tahōtb, entarhōtb, n̄tarhōtb, entarehōtb, n̄tarehōtb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ entafhōtb, n̄tafhōtb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ entashōtb, n̄tashōtb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ entanhōtb, n̄tanhōtb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ entatetn̄hōtb, n̄tatetn̄hōtb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ entauhōtb, n̄tauhōtb | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ enta- hōtb, n̄ta- hōtb |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pihōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pk̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pehōtb, etem̄pr̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pf̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄ps̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pn̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄petn̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pouhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pe- hōtb |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ neaïhōtb | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ neakhōtb | ⲛⲉⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ neahōtb, nearhōtb, nearehōtb | ⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ neafhōtb | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ neashōtb | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ neanhōtb | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ neatetn̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ neauhōtb | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ nea- hōtb |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pihōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pk̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pehōtb, nem̄pr̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pf̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄ps̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pn̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄petn̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pouhōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pe- hōtb |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄taïhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄takhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tahōtb, n̄tarhōtb, n̄tarehōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tafhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tashōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tanhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tatetn̄hōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tauhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄ta- hōtb |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patihōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patk̄hōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patehōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patf̄hōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pats̄hōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patn̄hōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patetn̄hōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄patouhōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pate- hōtb |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patihōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patk̄hōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patehōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patf̄hōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pats̄hōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patn̄hōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patetn̄hōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄patouhōtb | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ em̄pate- hōtb |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patihōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patk̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patehōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patf̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pats̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patn̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patetn̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄patouhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ etem̄pate- hōtb |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patihōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patk̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patehōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patf̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pats̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patn̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patetn̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄patouhōtb | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ nem̄pate- hōtb |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ šaïhōtb | ϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ šakhōtb | ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ šarehōtb | ϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ šafhōtb | ϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ šashōtb | ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ šanhōtb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ šatetn̄hōtb | ϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ šauhōtb | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ šare- hōtb |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ meïhōtb | ⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ mekhōtb | ⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ merehōtb | ⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ mefhōtb | ⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ meshōtb | ⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ menhōtb | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ metetn̄hōtb | ⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ meuhōtb | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ mere- hōtb |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ ešaïhōtb | ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ ešakhōtb | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ ešarehōtb | ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ ešafhōtb | ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ ešashōtb | ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ ešanhōtb | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ ešatetn̄hōtb | ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ ešauhōtb | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ ešare- hōtb |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ emeïhōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ emekhōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ emerehōtb | ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ emefhōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ emeshōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ emenhōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ emetetn̄hōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ emeuhōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ emere- hōtb |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ etešaïhōtb, ešaïhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ etešakhōtb, ešakhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ etešarehōtb, ešarehōtb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ etešafhōtb, ešafhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ etešashōtb, ešashōtb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ etešanhōtb, ešanhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etešatetn̄hōtb, ešatetn̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ etešauhōtb, ešauhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ etešare- hōtb, ešare- hōtb |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ etemeïhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ etemekhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ etemerehōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ etemefhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ etemeshōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ etemenhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etemetetn̄hōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ etemeuhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ etemere- hōtb |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ nešaïhōtb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ nešakhōtb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ nešarehōtb | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲧⲃ nešafhōtb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ nešashōtb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ nešanhōtb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nešatetn̄hōtb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ nešauhōtb | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ nešare- hōtb |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ nemeïhōtb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ nemekhōtb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ nemerehōtb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ nemefhōtb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ nemeshōtb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ nemenhōtb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ nemetetn̄hōtb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ nemeuhōtb | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ nemere- hōtb |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ emeïhōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ emekhōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ emerehōtb | ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ emefhōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ emeshōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ emenhōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ emetetn̄hōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ emeuhōtb | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ emere- hōtb |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ eïehōtb | ⲉⲕⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ ekehōtb | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ erehōtb | ⲉϥⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ efehōtb | ⲉⲥⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ esehōtb | ⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ enehōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ etetnehōtb | ⲉⲩⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ euehōtb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ ere- hōtb |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄nahōtb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄nekhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄nehōtb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄nefhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄neshōtb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄nenhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄netn̄hōtb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄neuhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄ne- hōtb |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ marihōtb | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ marefhōtb | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ mareshōtb | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ marn̄hōtb | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ marouhōtb | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ mare- hōtb |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄trahōtb | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄trefhōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄treshōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄trenhōtb | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄treuhōtb | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ m̄pr̄tre- hōtb |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲧⲁϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tahōtb, tahōtb | ⲛ̄ⲅϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄ghōtb, n̄khōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tehōtb | ⲛ̄ϥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄fhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄shōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tn̄hōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tetn̄hōtb | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄sehōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄te- hōtb |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ tarihōtb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ tarekhōtb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ tarehōtb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ tarefhōtb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ tareshōtb | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ tarn̄hōtb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ taretn̄hōtb | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ tarouhōtb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ tare- hōtb |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄terihōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄terekhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄terehōtb, n̄tererhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄terefhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tereshōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tern̄hōtb, n̄terenhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄teretn̄hōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄terouhōtb | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ n̄tere- hōtb |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϩⲱⲧⲃ šantihōtb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ šantk̄hōtb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ šantehōtb | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ šantf̄hōtb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ šants̄hōtb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ šantn̄hōtb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ šantetn̄hōtb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ šantouhōtb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ šante- hōtb |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ eïšanhōtb | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ ekšanhōtb | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ eršanhōtb, erešanhōtb | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ efšanhōtb | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ esšanhōtb | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ enšanhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ etetn̄šanhōtb | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ eušanhōtb | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ eršan- hōtb |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲧⲃ eïhōtb | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲧⲃ ekhōtb | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲧⲃ erehōtb | ⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ efhōtb | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲧⲃ eshōtb | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲧⲃ enhōtb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲧⲃ etetn̄hōtb | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲧⲃ euhōtb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲧⲃ ere- hōtb |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Noun

ϩⲱⲧⲃ • (hōtb) m
* (Sahidic) murder

#### Derived terms

* ϩⲁⲧⲃⲉⲥ (hatbes), ϩⲟⲧⲃⲉⲥ (hotbes, “slaughter”)
* ⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲧⲃ (refhōtb, “slayer, murderer”)

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN