# خربزه
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* خربز (xarboz), خربوزه (xarbuze), خربیزه (xarbize) (dialectal)

### Etymology

From Middle Persian [script needed] (hlbyck' /⁠xarbīzag⁠/, “watermelon”), of unclear origin:
* According to Horn, the latter is formed as 𐮴𐮹 (xar, “ass, donkey”) +‎ 𐮱𐮵𐮿𐮵𐮰 (bwcnʾ /⁠bōzīnʾ⁠/, “cucumber; citron”). The first part is from Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰáras, and the second part is probably related to Proto-Semitic *būṣ-. However, this is considered a folk etymology by Nişanyan.
* According to Pelliot, a reshaping of Sanskrit त्रपुस (trapusa, “the fruit of colocynth”) by popular etymology.
Forms with t- are attested in Persian: تربزه (tarboze), تربز (tarboz, “watermelon”). Akin to Middle Armenian խարպիզակ (xarpizak), խարբզակ (xarbzak), Georgian ხაბურზაკი (xaburzaḳi), ხარბუზაკი (xarbuzaḳi), Iranian borrowings.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [xaɾ.bu.ˈza]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xäɾ.bʊ.zǽ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xäɾ.bʊ.zǽ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [xäɾ.bʊ.zǽ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [xäɾ.bu.zǽ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xæɹ.bo.zé]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χäɾ.bu.zǽ]

### Noun

| Dari | خَربُوزَه |
| Iranian Persian | خَربُزِه |
| Tajik | харбуза |
خَربُزِه • (xarboze) (plural خربزه‌ها (xarboze-hâ))
* (Iran or nonstandard) melon
    Synonym: بطیخ (batix)

#### Descendants

* → Abaza: харбыз (xarbəz)
* → Adyghe: къэпраз (qɛpraz)
* → Arabic: خِرْبِز (ḵirbiz, “honeydew melon”)
* → Chechen: хорбаз (xorbaz)
* → Gujarati: ખરભુજા (kharbhujā), ખરબૂજા (kharbūjā)
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: ख़रबूज़ा (xarbūzā)
    Urdu: خربوزہ (xarbūzā)
* → Ingush: харбаз (xarbaz)
* → Kabardian: хъарбыз (χarbəz)
* → Ossetian: харбыз (xarbyz)
* → Ottoman Turkish: خربز (harbüz), خربزه (harbüze)
** → Old East Slavic: арбузъ (arbuzŭ)
*** Russian: арбу́з (arbúz)
**** → Buryat: арбуз (arbuz)
**** → Estonian: arbuus
**** → Latvian: arbūzs
**** → Lithuanian: arbūzas
**** → Polish: arbuz
**** → Volga German: Erbus
** → Ukrainian: гарбу́з (harbúz, “pumpkin”)
*** → Belarusian: гарбу́з (harbúz)
*** → Latgalian: garbuzs, Latgalian: garbūzs
*** → Polish: harbuz
*** → Romanian: harbuz
* → Turkic: (taking Persian as representative for all Iranian)
** Azerbaijani: qarpız
*** → Persian: قارپوز (qârpuz)
** Bashkir: ҡарбуз (qarbuz)
** Crimean Tatar: qarpız
** Karachay-Balkar: харбыз (xarbız)
** Kazakh: қарбыз (qarbyz)
** Kipchak: قربز (karbız)
** Ottoman Turkish: قارپوز (karpuz), գարփուզ (karpuz) — Armeno-Turkish
*** Turkish: karpuz
*** → Abkhaz: а-карпы́жә (a-kʼarpʼə́ẑʷ)
*** → Adyghe: хъырбыдз (χərbədz)
*** → Albanian: karpuz
*** → Bulgarian: карпу́за (karpúza)
*** → Greek: καρπούζι (karpoúzi)
*** → Kabardian: хъарбыз (χarbəz)
*** → Ladino: karpus
*** → Serbo-Croatian: kàrpuza / ка̀рпуза
** Tatar: карбыз (qarbız)
** Turkmen: garpyz
* → Sanskrit: खर्बूज (kharbūja)

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1973) “խարպիզակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume II, Yerevan: University Press, page 348b
* Doerfer, Gerhard (1967) Türkische und mongolische Elemente im Neupersischen [Turkic and Mongolian Elements in New Persian] (Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur: Veröffentlichungen der Orientalischen Kommission; 20)‎ (in German), volume III, Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, § 1590
* Horn, Paul (1893) “xerbuze”, in Grundriss der neupersischen Etymologie (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 105
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “karpuz”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Vasmer, Max (1964–1973) “арбуз”, in Oleg Trubachyov, transl., Этимологический словарь русского языка [Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language] (in Russian), Moscow: Progress