# 誓約
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shìyuē
    (Zhuyin): ㄕˋ ㄩㄝ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sai$^6$ joek$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sṳ-yok
* Eastern Min (BUC): siê-iók
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sè-iok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): si$^7$ ioh$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shìyuē
*** Zhuyin: ㄕˋ ㄩㄝ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shìhyue
*** Wade–Giles: shih$^4$-yüeh$^1$
*** Yale: shr̀-ywē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyhiue
*** Palladius: шиюэ (šijue)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂʐ̩⁵¹ ɥɛ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sai$^6$ joek$^3$
*** Yale: saih yeuk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sai$^6$ joek$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sei$^6$ yêg$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐi̯²² jœːk̚³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ-yok
*** Hakka Romanization System: sii iog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: si$^4$ yog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵ i̯ok̚²/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sṳ-yok
*** Hakka Romanization System: sii (r)iog$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: si$^4$ yog$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨ⁵⁵ (j)i̯ok̚²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siê-iók
*** Sinological IPA : /sie²⁴²⁻⁵³ yɔʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sè-iok
*** Tâi-lô: sè-iok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sea'iog
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /se²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /se¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: si$^7$ ioh$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sī ioh
*** Sinological IPA : /si¹¹ ioʔ²/
* Middle Chinese: dzyejH 'jak
Rime :
| Character | 誓 | 約 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 祭 (35) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 時制切 | 於略切 |
| Baxter | dzyejH | 'jak |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑiᴇi$^H$/ | /ʔɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɛi$^H$/ | /ʔiɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑjæi$^H$/ | /ʔiɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑiaj$^H$/ | /ʔɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiɛi$^H$/ | /ʔiak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭɛi$^H$/ | /ĭak̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʑi̯ɛi$^H$/ | /ʔi̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shì | yue |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sai$^6$ | joek$^3$ |

### Noun

誓約
* oath; vow; pledge; promise

### Verb

誓約
* to make a vow; to take an oath

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 誓約(せいやく) (seiyaku)
* → Korean: 서약(誓約) (seoyak)
* → Vietnamese: thệ ước (誓約)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 誓 | 約 |
| せい Grade: S | やく Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) せーやく [sèéyákú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [se̞ːja̠kɯ̟]

### Noun

誓(せい)約(やく) • (seiyaku)
* A vow, oath or pledge; an earnest and solemn promise, made to oneself, to another, or to a deity.

### Verb

誓(せい)約(やく)する • (seiyaku suru) suru (stem 誓(せい)約(やく)し (seiyaku shi), past 誓(せい)約(やく)した (seiyaku shita))
* to make a vow; to take an oath

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 誓約し | せいやくし | seiyaku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 誓約し | せいやくし | seiyaku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 誓約する | せいやくする | seiyaku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 誓約する | せいやくする | seiyaku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 誓約すれ | せいやくすれ | seiyaku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 誓約せよ¹ 誓約しろ² | せいやくせよ¹ せいやくしろ² | seiyaku seyo¹ seiyaku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 誓約される | せいやくされる | seiyaku sareru |
| Causative | 誓約させる 誓約さす | せいやくさせる せいやくさす | seiyaku saseru seiyaku sasu |
| Potential | 誓約できる | せいやくできる | seiyaku dekiru |
| Volitional | 誓約しよう | せいやくしよう | seiyaku shiyō |
| Negative | 誓約しない | せいやくしない | seiyaku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 誓約せず | せいやくせず | seiyaku sezu |
| Formal | 誓約します | せいやくします | seiyaku shimasu |
| Perfective | 誓約した | せいやくした | seiyaku shita |
| Conjunctive | 誓約して | せいやくして | seiyaku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 誓約すれば | せいやくすれば | seiyaku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 誓 | 約 |

### Noun

誓約 • (seoyak) (hangeul 서약)
* hanja form of 서약 (“vow; oath”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 誓 | 約 |

### Verb

誓約
* chữ Hán form of thệ ước (“to vow; to pledge”).

### Noun

誓約
* chữ Hán form of thệ ước (“vow; oath”).