# 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From 𐌰𐍄- (at-) +‎ 𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 (nēƕjan).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /atˈneːʍjan/

### Verb

𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (atnēƕjan) (perfective)
* (sometimes reflexive) to arrive; (in the past tense) to be at hand
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 1:15:
    𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐌼𐌴𐌻 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍃𐌹𐌺 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌹 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃: 𐌹𐌳𐍂𐌴𐌹𐌲𐍉𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌴𐌻𐌾𐍉𐌽.qiþands þatei usfullnōda þata mēl jah atnēƕida sik þiudangardi gudis: idreigōþ jah galaubeiþ in aiwaggēljōn.And saying, The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand: repent ye, and believe the gospel. (KJV)
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Mark 14:42:
    𐌿𐍂𐍂𐌴𐌹𐍃𐌹𐌸, 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌼! 𐍃𐌰𐌹, 𐍃𐌰 𐌻𐌴𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐌼𐌹𐌺 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌰.urreisiþ, gaggam! sai, sa lēwjands mik atnēƕida.Rise up, let us go; lo, he that betrayeth me is at hand. (KJV)
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Romans 13:12:
    𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌼𐌹𐍃 𐌲𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹𐌸, 𐌹𐌸 𐌳𐌰𐌲𐍃 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌰; 𐌿𐍃𐍅𐌰𐌹𐍂𐍀𐌰𐌼 𐌽𐌿 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌰𐌼 𐍂𐌹𐌵𐌹𐌶𐌹𐍃, 𐌹𐌸 𐌲𐌰𐍅𐌰𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐍃𐌰𐍂𐍅𐌰𐌼 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐌷𐌰𐌳𐌹𐍃.nahts framis galaiþ, iþ dags atnēƕida; uswairpam nu waurstwam riqizis, iþ gawasjam sarwam liuhadis.The night is far spent, the day is at hand: let us therefore cast off the works of darkness, and let us put on the armour of light. (KJV)
* (sometimes reflexive) to approach, come near, be near
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Luke 10:9–11:
    𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌹𐌽𐍉𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌹𐌽 𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌹𐌿𐌺𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌹𐌸 𐌳𐌿 𐌹𐌼: 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌹 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃. 𐌹𐌸 𐌹𐌽 𐌸𐍉𐌴𐌹 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲𐌴 𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌸 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐌽𐌹 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌽𐌹𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃, 𐌿𐍃𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍆𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌾𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍉𐍃 𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌰𐌹𐌸: 𐌾𐌰𐌷 𐍃𐍄𐌿𐌱𐌾𐌿 𐌸𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌲𐌰𐌷𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌹𐍃 𐌿𐍃 𐌸𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌹 𐌱𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌲 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐍆𐍉𐍄𐌿𐌽𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐍃𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌽𐍃 𐌰𐍆𐌷𐍂𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌼 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃; 𐍃𐍅𐌴𐌸𐌰𐌿𐌷 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌰 𐍅𐌹𐍄𐌴𐌹𐌸 𐌸𐌰𐍄𐌴𐌹 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌰 𐍃𐌹𐌺 𐌰𐌽𐌰 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐌸𐌹𐌿𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌲𐌰𐍂𐌳𐌹 𐌲𐌿𐌳𐌹𐍃.jah lēkinōþ þans in izai siukans jah qiþiþ du im: atnēƕida ana izwis þiudangardi gudis. iþ in þōei baurgē inngaggaiþ jah ni andnimaina izwis, usgaggandans ana fauradaurja izōs qiþaiþ: jah stubju þana gahaftnandan unsis us þizai baurg izwarai ana fōtuns unsarans afhrisjam izwis; swēþauh þata witeiþ þatei atnēƕida sik ana izwis þiudangardi gudis.And heal the sick that are therein, and say unto them, The kingdom of God is come nigh unto you. But into whatsoever city ye enter, and they receive you not, go your ways out into the streets of the same, and say, Even the very dust of your city, which cleaveth on us, we do wipe off against you: notwithstanding be ye sure of this, that the kingdom of God is come nigh unto you. (KJV)
** 4th century C.E., Wulfila (attributed), Gothic Bible, Philippians 2:30:
    𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌴 𐌹𐌽 𐍅𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐍄𐍅𐌹𐍃 𐍇𐍂𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍃 𐌿𐌽𐌳 𐌳𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌿 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌰, 𐌿𐍆𐌰𐍂𐌼𐌿𐌽𐌽𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 𐍃𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌰𐌹 𐍃𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰𐌹, 𐌴𐌹 𐌿𐍃𐍆𐌿𐌻𐌻𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 𐌹𐌶𐍅𐌰𐍂 𐌲𐌰𐌹𐌳𐍅 𐌱𐌹 𐌼𐌴𐌹𐌽 𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌱𐌰𐌷𐍄𐌹.untē in waurstwis xristaus und dauþu atnēƕida, ufarmunnōnds saiwalai seinai, ei usfullidēdi izwar gaidw bi mein andbahti.Because for the work of Christ he was nigh unto death, not regarding his life, to supply your lack of service toward me. (KJV)

#### Conjugation

Class 1 weak :
| Infinitive | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 atnēƕjan | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 atnēƕjan | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽 atnēƕjan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰 atnēƕja | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌰 atnēƕida | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 atnēƕjada |
| 2nd singular | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌴𐌹𐍃 atnēƕeis | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 atnēƕidēs | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 atnēƕjaza |
| 3rd singular | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌸 atnēƕeiþ | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌰 atnēƕida | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 atnēƕjada |
| 1st dual | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐍉𐍃 atnēƕjōs | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 atnēƕidēdu | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 atnēƕjats | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 atnēƕidēduts | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌼 atnēƕjam | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 atnēƕidēdum | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 atnēƕjanda |
| 2nd plural | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌸 atnēƕeiþ | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 atnēƕidēduþ | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 atnēƕjanda |
| 3rd plural | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 atnēƕjand | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 atnēƕidēdun | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 atnēƕjanda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌿 atnēƕjau | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 atnēƕidēdjau | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 atnēƕjaidau |
| 2nd singular | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 atnēƕjais | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 atnēƕidēdeis | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 atnēƕjaizau |
| 3rd singular | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹 atnēƕjai | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 atnēƕidēdi | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 atnēƕjaidau |
| 1st dual | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 atnēƕjaiwa | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 atnēƕidēdeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 atnēƕjaits | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 atnēƕidēdeits | — |
| 1st plural | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 atnēƕjaima | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 atnēƕidēdeima | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 atnēƕjaindau |
| 2nd plural | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 atnēƕjaiþ | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 atnēƕidēdeiþ | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 atnēƕjaindau |
| 3rd plural | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 atnēƕjaina | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 atnēƕidēdeina | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 atnēƕjaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌴𐌹 atnēƕei | | |
| 3rd singular | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 atnēƕjadau | | |
| 2nd dual | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 atnēƕjats | | |
| 2nd plural | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌴𐌹𐌸 atnēƕeiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 atnēƕjandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 atnēƕjands | 𐌰𐍄𐌽𐌴𐍈𐌹𐌸𐍃 atnēƕiþs | |

### Further reading

* Streitberg, Wilhelm (1910). Die gotische Bibel. Zweiter Teil: Gotisch-griechisch-deutsches Wörterbuch. Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, p. 100