# 神州
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shénzhōu
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄣˊ ㄓㄡ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): san$^4$ zau$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Sṳ̀n-chû
* Eastern Min (BUC): Sìng-cĭu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Sîn-chiu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sêng$^5$ ziu$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zen-tseu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shénzhōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄣˊ ㄓㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shénjhou
*** Wade–Giles: shên$^2$-chou$^1$
*** Yale: shén-jōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shernjou
*** Palladius: шэньчжоу (šɛnʹčžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: san$^4$ zau$^1$
*** Yale: sàhn jāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: san$^4$ dzau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sen$^4$ zeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɐn²¹ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Sṳ̀n-chû
*** Hakka Romanization System: siin$^ˇ$ zu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sin$^2$ zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /sɨn¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Sìng-cĭu
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒieu⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sîn-chiu
*** Tâi-lô: Sîn-tsiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sinciw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sin²⁴⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sin²⁴⁻²² t͡siu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin¹³⁻²² t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sin²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sin²³⁻³³ t͡siu⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sêng$^5$ ziu$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sêng tsiu
*** Sinological IPA : /seŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡siu³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zen-tseu
*** MiniDict: zen$^去$ tseu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zen-tseu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zən²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: zyin tsyuw
Rime :
| Character | 神 | 州 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 船 (27) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 食鄰切 | 職流切 |
| Baxter | zyin | tsyuw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʑiɪn/ | /t͡ɕɨu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʑin/ | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʑjen/ | /t͡ɕiəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʑin/ | /cuw/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʑiĕn/ | /t͡ɕiu/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʑĭĕn/ | /t͡ɕĭəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡ʑʰi̯ĕn/ | /t͡ɕi̯ə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shén | zhōu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | san$^4$ | zau$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.li[n] tu/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hlin tju/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 神 | 州 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | shén | zhōu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ zyin › | ‹ tsyuw › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.li[n]/ | /*tu/ |
| English | spirit | islet in stream; province |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 神 | 州 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11245 | 17493 |
| Phonetic component | 申 | 州 |
| Rime group | 眞 | 幽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 神 | 周 |
| Old Chinese | /*hlin/ | /*tju/ |

### Proper noun

神州
* (literary) the Divine Land (Central Plain or China)
    From: Liu Yiqing (editor), A New Account of the Tales of the World, 5th century CE
    Wéi Wáng chéngxiàng qiǎorán biànsè yuē: “Dāng gòng lùlì wángshì, kèfù Shénzhōu, hé zhì zuò Chǔqiú xiàngduì!” [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: c. 1205, Xin Qiji (辛棄疾), 南鄉子·登京口北固亭有懷
    Héchù wàng Shénzhōu? Mǎnyǎn fēngguāng Běigùlóu. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: c. 1217, 劉克莊, 冶城
    Shénzhōu zhǐ zài lángān běi, dù dù lái shí pà shàng lóu. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* 中 (abbreviation)
* 中原 (Zhōngyuán)
* 中國／中国 (Zhōngguó)
* 中華／中华 (Zhōnghuá)
* 九州 (Jiǔzhōu) (literary)
* 唐山 (Tángshān)
* 域中 (yùzhōng) (literary, figurative)
* 天下 (tiānxià) (lofty)
* 天朝 (Tiāncháo) (historical or Internet slang)
* 契弟 (qìdì) (Internet slang, derogatory)
* 支那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete, now usually derogatory or offensive)
* 桃花石 (Táohuāshí) (obsolete)
* 猜拿 (Cāiná) (transliteration of English China)
* 神州 (Shénzhōu) (literary)
* 種花家／种花家 (Zhònghuājiā) (slang, humorous)
* 脂那 (Zhīnà) (obsolete)
* 至那 (Zhìnà) (obsolete)
* 華／华 (abbreviation)
* 華夏／华夏 (Huáxià)
* 諸夏／诸夏 (Zhūxià)
* 諸華／诸华 (Zhūhuá)
* 赤縣／赤县 (Chìxiàn) (literary)
* 赤縣神州／赤县神州 (Chìxiàn Shénzhōu) (literary)
* 震旦 (Zhèndàn) (archaic)

### Noun

神州
* (literary) capital city (of a country)

#### Synonyms

* 上國／上国 (shàngguó) (literary)
* 京城 (jīngchéng) (literary)
* 京師／京师 (jīngshī) (literary)
* 京華／京华 (jīnghuá) (literary)
* 京邑 (jīngyì) (literary)
* 京都 (jīngdū) (literary)
* 國家／国家 (guójiā) (Classical Chinese)
* 國都／国都 (guódū)
* 帝都 (dìdū) (imperial capital)
* 王京 (wángjīng) (literary, royal capital)
* 王都 (wángdū) (formal, royal capital)
* 皇州 (huángzhōu) (literary, imperial capital)
* 都城 (dūchéng)
* 都邑 (dūyì) (literary)
* 都門／都门 (dūmén) (literary)
* 鎬京／镐京 (hàojīng) (literary)
* 長安／长安 (cháng'ān) (literary, figurative)
* 首都 (shǒudū)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 神 | 州 |
| しん Grade: 3 | しゅう Grade: 3 |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 神州 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕĩɰ̃ɕɨː]

### Proper noun

神(しん)州(しゅう) • (Shinshū)
* land of the gods; Japan; China
    Synonym: 神国 (Shinkoku)
    神(しん)州(しゅう)不(ふ)滅(めつ)
       Shinshū Fumetsu
       Immortal Country of Gods (World War II propaganda slogan)

#### Usage notes

During the twentieth century, especially from the Russo-Japanese War (1904) through World War II (1945), the term was frequently used to refer to Japan in patriotic or propaganda messages. In earlier centuries, it was sometimes used to refer to China or to Japan. Use of the term is associated both with Emperor worship and with Shintoism.