# 向上
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.
* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàngshàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄕㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hoeng$^3$ soeng$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiong-song
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hiòng-siōng / hiàng-siāng / hiàng-siōng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàngshàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˋ ㄕㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàngshàng
*** Wade–Giles: hsiang$^4$-shang$^4$
*** Yale: syàng-shàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shianqshanq
*** Palladius: сяншан (sjanšan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hoeng$^3$ soeng$^6$
*** Yale: heung seuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hoeng$^3$ soeng$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hêng$^3$ sêng$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hœːŋ³³ sœːŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiong-song
*** Hakka Romanization System: hiong song
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hiong$^4$ song$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯oŋ⁵⁵ soŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiòng-siōng
*** Tâi-lô: hiòng-siōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiorngsiong
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàng-siāng
*** Tâi-lô: hiàng-siāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiarngsiang
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ siaŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiaŋ²¹⁻⁵³ siaŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiàng-siōng
*** Tâi-lô: hiàng-siōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hiarngsiong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiaŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ siɔŋ³³/

### Verb

向上
* to go forward; to advance
* to try to improve oneself; to make progress

#### Synonyms

* (to go forward): 上進／上进 (shàngjìn)
* (to try to improve oneself):
* 上進／上进 (shàngjìn)
* 進取／进取 (jìnqǔ)
* 長俊／长俊 (zhǎngjùn) (literary)
* 長進／长进 (zhǎngjìn)

### Adverb

向上
* upward; up

### Derived terms

* 向上爬
* 好好學習，天天向上／好好学习，天天向上
* 引體向上／引体向上 (yǐntǐ xiàngshàng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 向 | 上 |
| こう Grade: 3 | じょう Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

向(こう)上(じょう) • (kōjō)
* improvement, progress

### Verb

向(こう)上(じょう)する • (kōjō suru) suru (stem 向(こう)上(じょう)し (kōjō shi), past 向(こう)上(じょう)した (kōjō shita))
* improve, rise

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 向上し | こうじょうし | kōjō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 向上し | こうじょうし | kōjō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 向上する | こうじょうする | kōjō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 向上する | こうじょうする | kōjō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 向上すれ | こうじょうすれ | kōjō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 向上せよ¹ 向上しろ² | こうじょうせよ¹ こうじょうしろ² | kōjō seyo¹ kōjō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 向上される | こうじょうされる | kōjō sareru |
| Causative | 向上させる 向上さす | こうじょうさせる こうじょうさす | kōjō saseru kōjō sasu |
| Potential | 向上できる | こうじょうできる | kōjō dekiru |
| Volitional | 向上しよう | こうじょうしよう | kōjō shiyō |
| Negative | 向上しない | こうじょうしない | kōjō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 向上せず | こうじょうせず | kōjō sezu |
| Formal | 向上します | こうじょうします | kōjō shimasu |
| Perfective | 向上した | こうじょうした | kōjō shita |
| Conjunctive | 向上して | こうじょうして | kōjō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 向上すれば | こうじょうすれば | kōjō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||