# ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϩⲟⲧϩⲧ (hotht) — Sahidic
* ϧⲟⲧϧⲉⲧ (xotxet) — Bohairic
* ϩⲁⲧϩⲧ (hatht) — Lycopolitan
* ⳉⲁⲧⳉⲧ (xatxt) — Akhmimic

### Verb

ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ • (hathet) (nominal state -, pronominal state ϩⲉⲧϩⲱⲧ⸗, stative -)
* (Fayyumic) to inquire, examine

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ hathet | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ hathet |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ štemhathet | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲡⲉⲗϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpelhathet, pelhathet |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ tihathet | ⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ khathet | ⲧⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ tehathet | ϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ fhathet | ⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ shathet | ⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ tenhathet | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ tetenhathet | ⲥⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ sehathet | ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ hathet |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eihathet | ⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ekhathet | ⲉⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ elehathet | ⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ efhathet | ⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eshathet | ⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ enhathet | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eletenhathet | ⲉⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ euhathet | ⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ele- hathet |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etihathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etekhathet | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etehathet | ⲉⲧⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etefhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eteshathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etenhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etetenhathet | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etouhathet | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ete- hathet, etele- hathet |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ naihathet | ⲛⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nakhathet | ⲛⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nalehathet | ⲛⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nafhathet | ⲛⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nashathet | ⲛⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nanhathet | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ naletenhathet | ⲛⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nauhathet | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nale- hathet |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aihathet | ⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ akhathet | ⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ alehathet | ⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ afhathet | ⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ashathet | ⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ anhathet | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aletenhathet | ⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ auhathet | ⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ale- hathet |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ tinehathet | ⲕⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ knehathet | ⲧⲉⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ tenehathet | ϥⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ fnehathet | ⲥⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ snehathet | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ tennehathet | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ tetennehathet | ⲥⲉⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ senehathet | ⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nehathet |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ einehathet | ⲉⲕⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eknehathet | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ elenehathet | ⲉϥⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ efnehathet | ⲉⲥⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ esnehathet | ⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ennehathet | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eletennehathet | ⲉⲩⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eunehathet | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ele- nehathet |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etinehathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eteknehathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etenehathet | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etefnehathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etesnehathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etennehathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etetennehathet | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etounehathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etele- nehathet |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nainehathet | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ naknehathet | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nalenehathet | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nafnehathet | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nasnehathet | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nannehathet | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ naletennehathet | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ naunehathet | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nale- nehathet |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ainehathet | ⲁⲕⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aknehathet | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ alenehathet | ⲁϥⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ afnehathet | ⲁⲥⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ asnehathet | ⲁⲛⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ annehathet | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aletennehathet | ⲁⲩⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aunehathet | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ale- nehathet |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aihathet | ⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ akhathet | ⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ alehathet | ⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ afhathet | ⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ashathet | ⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ anhathet | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ atetenhathet | ⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ auhathet | ⲁ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ a- hathet |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpihathet | ⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpekhathet | ⲙⲡⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpehathet | ⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpefhathet | ⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpeshathet | ⲙⲡⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpenhathet | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpetenhathet | ⲙⲡⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpouhathet | ⲙⲡⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpe- hathet |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eaihathet | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eakhathet | ⲉⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ealehathet | ⲉⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eafhathet | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eashathet | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eanhathet | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eatetenhathet | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eauhathet | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ea- hathet |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empihathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empekhathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empehathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empefhathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empeshathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empenhathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empetenhathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empouhathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empe- hathet |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntaihathet | ⲛⲧⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntakhathet | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntalehathet | ⲛⲧⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntafhathet | ⲛⲧⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntashathet | ⲛⲧⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntanhathet | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etaletenhathet | ⲛⲧⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntauhathet | ⲛⲧⲁ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nta- hathet |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempihathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempekhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempehathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempefhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempeshathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempenhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempetenhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempouhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempe- hathet |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nneaihathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nneakhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnealehathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nneafhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nneashathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nneanhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nneatetenhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nneauhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnea- hathet |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempihathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempekhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempehathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempefhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempeshathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempenhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempetenhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempouhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempe- hathet |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aaihathet | ⲁⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aakhathet | ⲁⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aalehathet | ⲁⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aafhathet | ⲁⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aashathet | ⲁⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aanhathet | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etaletenhathet | ⲁⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aauhathet | ⲁⲁ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aa- hathet |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpatihathet | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpatekhathet | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpatehathet | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpatefhathet | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpateshathet | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpatenhathet | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpatetenhathet | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpatouhathet | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpate- hathet |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empatihathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empatekhathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empatehathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empatefhathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empateshathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empatenhathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empatetenhathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empatouhathet | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ empate- hathet |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempatihathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempatekhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempatehathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempatefhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempateshathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempatenhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempatetenhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempatouhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etempate- hathet |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempatihathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempatekhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempatehathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempatefhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempateshathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempatenhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempatetenhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempatouhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnempate- hathet |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šaihathet | ϣⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šakhathet | ϣⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šalehathet | ϣⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šafhathet | ϣⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šashathet | ϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šanhathet | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šatetenhathet | ϣⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šauhathet | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šale- hathet |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ meihathet | ⲙⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mekhathet | ⲙⲉⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ melehathet | ⲙⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mefhathet | ⲙⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ meshathet | ⲙⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ menhathet | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ meletenhathet | ⲙⲉⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ meuhathet | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mele- hathet |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ešaihathet | ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ešakhathet | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ešalehathet | ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ešafhathet | ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ešashathet | ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ešanhathet | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ešatetenhathet | ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ešauhathet | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ešale- hathet |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ emeihathet | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ emekhathet | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ emelehathet | ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ emefhathet | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ emeshathet | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ emenhathet | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ emeletenhathet | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ emeuhathet | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ emele- hathet |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛϣⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etešaihathet, nšaihathet | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛϣⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etešakhathet, nšakhathet | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etešalehathet, nšalehathet | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛϣⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etešafhathet, nšafhathet | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛϣⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etešashathet, nšashathet | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etešanhathet, nšanhathet | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etešatetenhathet, nšatetenhathet | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛϣⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etešauhathet, nšauhathet | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etešale- hathet, nšale- hathet |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etemeihathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etemekhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etemelehathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etemefhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etemeshathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etemenhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etemeletenhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etemeuhathet | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ etemele- hathet |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnešaihathet | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnešakhathet | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnešalehathet | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnešafhathet | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnešashathet | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnešanhathet | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnešatetenhathet | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnešauhathet | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnešale- hathet |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnemeihathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnemekhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnemelehathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnemefhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnemeshathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnemenhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnemeletenhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnemeuhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnemele- hathet |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nmeihathet | ⲛⲙⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nmekhathet | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nmelehathet | ⲛⲙⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nmefhathet | ⲛⲙⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nmeshathet | ⲛⲙⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nmenhathet | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nmeletenhathet | ⲛⲙⲉⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nmeuhathet | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nmele- hathet |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eiehathet | ⲉⲕⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ekehathet | ⲉⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ elehathet | ⲉϥⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ efehathet | ⲉⲥⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ esehathet | ⲉⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ enehathet | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eletenehathet | ⲉⲩⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ euehathet | ⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ele- hathet |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnahathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnekhathet | ⲛⲛⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnehathet | ⲛⲛⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnefhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nneshathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnenhathet | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnetenhathet | ⲛⲛⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nnouhathet | ⲛⲛⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nne- hathet |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ malihathet | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ malefhathet | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ maleshathet | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ malenhathet | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ malouhathet | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ male- hathet |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpeltrihathet | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpeltrefhathet | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpeltreshathet | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpeltrenhathet | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpeltreuhathet | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ mpeltre- hathet |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛⲧⲁϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ tahathet, ntahathet | ⲛⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nkhathet | ⲛⲧⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntehathet | ⲛϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nfhathet | ⲛⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nshathet | ⲛⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntenhathet | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntetenhathet | ⲛⲥⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nsehathet | ⲛⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nte- hathet |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ talihathet, ntalihathet | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ talekhathet, ntalekhathet | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ talehathet, ntalehathet | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ talefhathet, ntalefhathet | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ taleshathet, ntaleshathet | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ talenhathet, ntalenhathet | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ taletenhathet, ntaletenhathet | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ talouhathet, ntalouhathet | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ tale- hathet, ntale- hathet |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntelihathet | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntelekhathet | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntelehathet | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntelefhathet | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nteleshathet | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntelenhathet | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ nteletenhathet | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntelouhathet | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ntele- hathet |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šantihathet | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šantekhathet | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šantehathet | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šantefhathet | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šanteshathet | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šantenhathet | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šantetenhathet | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šantouhathet | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ šante- hathet |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eišanhathet | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ekšanhathet | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ elešanhathet | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ efšanhathet | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ esšanhathet | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ enšanhathet | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eletenšanhathet | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ eušanhathet | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ elešan- hathet, elšan- hathet |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aihathet | ⲁⲕϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ akhathet | ⲁⲗⲉϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ alehathet | ⲁϥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ afhathet | ⲁⲥϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ashathet | ⲁⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ anhathet | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ aletenhathet | ⲁⲩϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ auhathet | ⲁⲗⲉ- ϩⲁⲧϩⲉⲧ ale- hathet |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 728
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 303