# 隴

| 隴 | U+96B4, &#38580; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96B4 |
| ← 隳 [U+96B3] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 隵 → [U+96B5] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 隴 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 𨻫 |
| Simplified | 陇 |

### Han character

隴 (Kangxi radical 170, 阜+16, 19 strokes, cangjie input 弓中卜月心 (NLYBP), four-corner 7121$_1$, composition ⿰阝龍)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1363, character 8
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 41904
* Dae Jaweon: page 1866, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4164, character 16
* Unihan data for U+96B4

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 驡 | *ʔslaːŋʔ, *roŋ |
| 龐 | *broːŋ |
| 瀧 | *rroːŋ, *sroːŋ, *roːŋ |
| 籠 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *roŋ |
| 豅 | *roːŋ |
| 朧 | *roːŋ, *roŋs |
| 龓 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ |
| 聾 | *roːŋ |
| 礱 | *roːŋ, *roːŋs |
| 嚨 | *roːŋ |
| 蘢 | *roːŋ, *roŋ |
| 櫳 | *roːŋ |
| 襱 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ, *r'oŋʔ |
| 瓏 | *roːŋ |
| 曨 | *roːŋ, *roːŋʔ |
| 鸗 | *roːŋ, *roŋ |
| 蠪 | *roːŋ |
| 巃 | *roːŋʔ |
| 竉 | *roːŋʔ |
| 攏 | *roːŋʔ |
| 儱 | *roːŋʔ, *roŋs |
| 龍 | *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ |
| 躘 | *roŋ, *roŋs |
| 隴 | *roŋʔ |
| 壠 | *roŋʔ |
| 壟 | *roŋʔ |
| 寵 | *r̥ʰoŋʔ |
| 龏 | *kloŋ, *kloŋs, *qroːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *roŋʔ) : semantic 阝 + phonetic 龍 (OC *b·roŋ, *mroːŋ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǒng (long$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lung$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lóng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lêng$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǒng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lǒng
*** Wade–Giles: lung$^3$
*** Yale: lǔng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: loong
*** Palladius: лун (lun)
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lung$^5$
*** Yale: lúhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lung$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lung$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lʊŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lóng
*** Tâi-lô: lóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lorng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lêng$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: léng
*** Sinological IPA : /leŋ⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: ljowngX
Rime :
| Character | 隴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 力踵切 |
| Baxter | ljowngX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /lɨoŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /lioŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /lioŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /luawŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /lioŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /lĭwoŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /li̯woŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | lǒng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | lung$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r]oŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*roŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 隴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lǒng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ljowng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]oŋʔ/ |
| English | mound |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 隴 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 8442 |
| Phonetic component | 龍 |
| Rime group | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 隴 |
| Old Chinese | /*roŋʔ/ |

#### Definitions

隴
* (～山) Mount Long, a mountain in Gansu, China
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Fú Guānzhōng zuǒ Xiáo Hán, yòu Lǒng Shǔ, wòyě qiānlǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (～縣) Long County (a county of Shaanxi, China)
* Alternative name for 甘肅／甘肃 (Gānsù, “Gansu”).
    隴海鐵路／陇海铁路 ― Lǒng Hǎi Tiělù ― Longhai railway (a railway running from Lanzhou, Gansu to Lianyungang, Jiangsu)
* Alternative form of 壟／垄 (lǒng, “mound; ridge; grave”)
* (literary, obsolete) to flourish
* a surname

##### Descendants

* → English: Long, Lung

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 隴 – see 壟 (“grave; mound; raised path between fields; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 壟).

### Compounds

* 丘隴／丘陇
* 平隴望蜀／平陇望蜀
* 得隴望蜀／得陇望蜀 (délǒngwàngshǔ)
* 隴上／陇上 (Lǒngshàng)
* 隴右／陇右 (Lǒngyòu)
* 隴山／陇山 (Lǒngshān)
* 隴斷／陇断
* 隴海鐵路／陇海铁路
* 隴畝／陇亩 (lǒngmǔ)
* 隴種／陇种
* 隴西／陇西 (Lǒngxī)
* 隴西行／陇西行
* 隴頭音信／陇头音信
* 隴鳥／陇鸟
* 麥隴／麦陇 (màilǒng)

### References

* “隴”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

| Shinjitai (extended) | 𨻫 |
| Kyūjitai | 隴 |
(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 𨻫)
* hill
* mound

#### Readings

* Go-on: りゅう (ryū)
* Kan-on: りょう (ryō)
* Kan’yō-on: ろう (rō)
* Kun: うね (une, 隴)、おか (oka, 隴)

## Korean
### Hanja

隴 • (rong>nong) (hangeul 롱>농, revised rong>nong, McCune–Reischauer rong>nong, Yale long>nong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

隴: Hán Nôm readings: luống, lủng, lũng, lõng, lúng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.