# ϩⲱⲡ
## Coptic
### Verb

ϩⲱⲡ • (hōp) (nominal state ϩⲉⲡ-, pronominal state ϩⲟⲡ⸗, stative ϩⲏⲡ)
* (Bohairic, Sahidic, transitive) to hide, to conceal something
* (Bohairic, Sahidic, intransitive) to hide, to become hidden, to become secret

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲱⲡ hōp | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲱⲡ hōp |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϩⲱⲡ štemhōp | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϩⲱⲡ m̀perhōp |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲱⲡ tihōp | ⲕϩⲱⲡ khōp | ⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ tehōp | ϥϩⲱⲡ fhōp | ⲥϩⲱⲡ shōp | ⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ tenhōp | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ tetenhōp | ⲥⲉϩⲱⲡ sehōp | ϩⲱⲡ hōp |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϩⲱⲡ eihōp | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ ekhōp | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ erehōp | ⲉϥϩⲱⲡ efhōp | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ eshōp | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ enhōp | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ eretenhōp | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲡ euhōp | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ ere- hōp |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲱⲡ etihōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ etekhōp | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ etehōp | ⲉⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲡ etefhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ eteshōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ etenhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ etetenhōp | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ etouhōp | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ ete- hōp |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ naihōp | ⲛⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ nakhōp | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ narehōp | ⲛⲁϥϩⲱⲡ nafhōp | ⲛⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ nashōp | ⲛⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ nanhōp | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ naretenhōp | ⲛⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ nauhōp | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ nare- hōp |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ aihōp | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ akhōp | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ arehōp | ⲁϥϩⲱⲡ afhōp | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ ashōp | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ anhōp | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ aretenhōp | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ auhōp | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ are- hōp |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ tinahōp | ⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ khnahōp | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϩⲱⲡ terahōp | ϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ fnahōp | ⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ snahōp | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ tennahōp | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ tetennahōp | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ senahōp | ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nahōp |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ einahōp | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ ekhnahōp | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ erenahōp | ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ efnahōp | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ esnahōp | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ ennahōp | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ eretennahōp | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ eunahōp | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ ere- nahōp |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etinahōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etekhnahōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etenahōp | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etefnahōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etesnahōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etennahōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etetennahōp | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etounahōp | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ ete- nahōp |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nainahōp | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nakhnahōp | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ narenahōp | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nafnahōp | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nasnahōp | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nannahōp | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ naretennahōp | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ naunahōp | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nare- nahōp |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ ainahōp | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ akhnahōp | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ arenahōp | ⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ afnahōp | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ asnahōp | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ annahōp | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ aretennahōp | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ aunahōp | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ are- nahōp |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ aihōp | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ akhōp | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ arehōp | ⲁϥϩⲱⲡ afhōp | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ ashōp | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ anhōp | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ atetenhōp | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ auhōp | ⲁ- ϩⲱⲡ a- hōp |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲱⲡ m̀pihōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ m̀pekhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲱⲡ m̀pehōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲡ m̀pefhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ m̀peshōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ m̀penhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ m̀petenhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ m̀pouhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ m̀pe- hōp |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ eaihōp | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ eakhōp | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ earehōp | ⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲡ eafhōp | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ eashōp | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ eanhōp | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ eatetenhōp | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ eauhōp | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲡ ea- hōp |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲱⲡ em̀pihōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ em̀pekhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲱⲡ em̀pehōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲡ em̀pefhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ em̀peshōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ em̀penhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ em̀petenhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ em̀pouhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ em̀pe- hōp |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ etaihōp | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ etakhōp | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ etarehōp | ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲡ etafhōp | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ etashōp | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ etanhōp | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ etaretenhōp | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ etauhōp | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲡ eta- hōp |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲱⲡ etm̀pihōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ etm̀pekhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲱⲡ etm̀pehōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲡ etm̀pefhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ etm̀peshōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ etm̀penhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ etm̀petenhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ etm̀pouhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ etm̀pe- hōp |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ neaihōp | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ neakhōp | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ nearehōp | ⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲡ neafhōp | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ neashōp | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ neanhōp | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ neatetenhōp | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ neauhōp | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲡ nea- hōp |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲱⲡ nem̀pihōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ nem̀pekhōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲱⲡ nem̀pehōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲡ nem̀pefhōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ nem̀peshōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ nem̀penhōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ nem̀petenhōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ nem̀pouhōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ nem̀pe- hōp |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ etaihōp | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ etakhōp | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ etarehōp | ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲡ etafhōp | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ etashōp | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ etanhōp | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ etaretenhōp | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ etauhōp | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲡ eta- hōp |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲡ m̀patihōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ m̀patekhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ m̀patehōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲡ m̀patefhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ m̀pateshōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ m̀patenhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ m̀patetenhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ m̀patouhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ m̀pate- hōp |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲡ em̀patihōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ em̀patekhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ em̀patehōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲡ em̀patefhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ em̀pateshōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ em̀patenhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ em̀patetenhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ em̀patouhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ em̀pate- hōp |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲡ etm̀patihōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ etm̀patekhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ etm̀patehōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲡ etm̀patefhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ etm̀pateshōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ etm̀patenhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ etm̀patetenhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ etm̀patouhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ etm̀pate- hōp |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲡ nam̀patihōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ nam̀patekhōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ nam̀patehōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲡ nam̀patefhōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ nam̀pateshōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ nam̀patenhōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ nam̀patetenhōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ nam̀patouhōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ nam̀pate- hōp |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ šaihōp | ϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ šakhōp | ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ šarehōp | ϣⲁϥϩⲱⲡ šafhōp | ϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ šashōp | ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ šanhōp | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ šatetenhōp | ϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ šauhōp | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ šare- hōp |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ m̀paihōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ m̀pakhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ m̀parehōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲡ m̀pafhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ m̀pashōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ m̀panhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ m̀paretenhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ m̀pauhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ m̀pare- hōp |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ ešaihōp | ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ ešakhōp | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ ešarehōp | ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲡ ešafhōp | ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ ešashōp | ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ ešanhōp | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ ešatetenhōp | ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ ešauhōp | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ ešare- hōp |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ em̀paihōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ em̀pakhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ em̀parehōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲡ em̀pafhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ em̀pashōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ em̀panhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ em̀paretenhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ em̀pauhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ em̀pare- hōp |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ etšaihōp | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ etšakhōp | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ etšarehōp | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϩⲱⲡ etšafhōp | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ etšashōp | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ etšanhōp | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ etšatetenhōp | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ etšauhōp | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ etšare- hōp |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ etm̀paihōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ etm̀pakhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ etm̀parehōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲡ etm̀pafhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ etm̀pashōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ etm̀panhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ etm̀paretenhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ etm̀pauhōp | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ etm̀pare- hōp |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ našaihōp | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ našakhōp | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ našarehōp | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϩⲱⲡ našafhōp | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ našashōp | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ našanhōp | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ našatetenhōp | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ našauhōp | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ našare- hōp |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ nam̀paihōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ nam̀pakhōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ nam̀parehōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲡ nam̀pafhōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ nam̀pashōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ nam̀panhōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ nam̀paretenhōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ nam̀pauhōp | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ nam̀pare- hōp |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ em̀paihōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ em̀pakhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ em̀parehōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲡ em̀pafhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ em̀pashōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ em̀panhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ em̀paretenhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ em̀pauhōp | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ em̀pare- hōp |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϩⲱⲡ eiehōp | ⲉⲕⲉϩⲱⲡ ekehōp | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ erehōp | ⲉϥⲉϩⲱⲡ efehōp | ⲉⲥⲉϩⲱⲡ esehōp | ⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲡ enehōp | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲡ eretenehōp | ⲉⲩⲉϩⲱⲡ euehōp | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ ere- hōp |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ ǹnahōp | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ ǹnekhōp | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϩⲱⲡ ǹnehōp | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲡ ǹnefhōp | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ ǹneshōp | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ ǹnenhōp | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ ǹnetenhōp | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ ǹnouhōp | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ ǹne- hōp |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲡ marihōp | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲡ marefhōp | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ mareshōp | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ marenhōp | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ marouhōp | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ mare- hōp |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϩⲱⲡ m̀penthrihōp | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲡ m̀penthrefhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ m̀penthreshōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ m̀penthrenhōp | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϩⲱⲡ m̀penthreuhōp | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ m̀penthre- hōp |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϩⲱⲡ ǹtahōp | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ ǹtekhōp | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ ǹtehōp | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲡ ǹtefhōp | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ ǹteshōp | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ ǹtenhōp | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ ǹtetenhōp | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ ǹsehōp, ǹtouhōp | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ ǹte- hōp |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲡ tarihōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ tarekhōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ tarehōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲡ tarefhōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ tareshōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ tarenhōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ taretenhōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ tarouhōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ tare- hōp |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϩⲱⲡ šatihōp | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ šatekhōp | ϣⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ šatehōp | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲡ šatefhōp | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ šateshōp | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ šatenhōp | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ šatetenhōp | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ šatouhōp | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ šate- hōp |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ aišanhōp | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ akšanhōp | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ arešanhōp | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ afšanhōp | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ asšanhōp | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ anšanhōp | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ aretenšanhōp | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ aušanhōp | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲱⲡ arešan- hōp |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲡ aihōp | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ akhōp | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ arehōp | ⲁϥϩⲱⲡ afhōp | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ ashōp | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ anhōp | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ aretenhōp | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ auhōp | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ are- hōp |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲱⲡ hōp | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲱⲡ hōp |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ϩⲱⲡ tm̄hōp | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲡ m̄pr̄hōp |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲱⲡ tihōp | ⲕϩⲱⲡ khōp | ⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ tehōp | ϥϩⲱⲡ fhōp | ⲥϩⲱⲡ shōp | ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ tn̄hōp | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ tetn̄hōp | ⲥⲉϩⲱⲡ sehōp | ϩⲱⲡ hōp |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ eïhōp | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ ekhōp | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ erehōp | ⲉϥϩⲱⲡ efhōp | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ eshōp | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ enhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ etetn̄hōp | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲡ euhōp | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ ere- hōp |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲱⲡ etihōp | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲡ etk̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ etehōp, eterehōp | ⲉⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲡ etf̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲡ ets̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ etn̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ etetn̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ etouhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ etere- hōp |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ neïhōp | ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ nekhōp | ⲛⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ nerehōp | ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲡ nefhōp | ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ neshōp | ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ nenhōp | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ netetn̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲩϩⲱⲡ neuhōp | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ nere- hōp |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ tinahōp | ⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ knahōp | ⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ tenahōp | ϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ fnahōp | ⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ snahōp | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ tn̄nahōp | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ tetnahōp | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ senahōp | ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nahōp |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ eïnahōp | ⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ eknahōp | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ erenahōp | ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ efnahōp | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ esnahōp | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ ennahōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etetnahōp | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ eunahōp | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ ere- nahōp |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etinahōp | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etk̄nahōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etenahōp, eterenahōp | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etf̄nahōp | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ ets̄nahōp | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etn̄nahōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etetnahōp | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etounahōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ etere- nahōp |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ neïnahōp | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ neknahōp | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nerenahōp | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nefnahōp | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nesnahōp | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nennahōp | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ netetnahōp | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ neunahōp | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ nere- nahōp |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ aïhōp | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ akhōp | ⲁϩⲱⲡ, ⲁⲣϩⲱⲡ, ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ ahōp, arhōp, arehōp | ⲁϥϩⲱⲡ afhōp | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ ashōp | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ anhōp | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ atetn̄hōp | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ auhōp | ⲁ- ϩⲱⲡ a- hōp |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲡ m̄pihōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲡ m̄pk̄hōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲡ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲡ m̄pehōp, m̄pr̄hōp | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲡ m̄pf̄hōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲡ m̄ps̄hōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ m̄pn̄hōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ m̄petn̄hōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ m̄pouhōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ m̄pe- hōp |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ eaïhōp | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ eakhōp | ⲉⲁϩⲱⲡ, ⲉⲁⲣϩⲱⲡ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ eahōp, earhōp, earehōp | ⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲡ eafhōp | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ eashōp | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ eanhōp | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ eatetn̄hōp | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ eauhōp | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲡ ea- hōp |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲡ em̄pihōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲡ em̄pk̄hōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲡ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲡ em̄pehōp, em̄pr̄hōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲡ em̄pf̄hōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲡ em̄ps̄hōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ em̄pn̄hōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ em̄petn̄hōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ em̄pouhōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ em̄pe- hōp |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ entaïhōp, n̄taïhōp | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ entakhōp, n̄takhōp | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲡ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲡ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ entahōp, n̄tahōp, entarhōp, n̄tarhōp, entarehōp, n̄tarehōp | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲡ entafhōp, n̄tafhōp | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ entashōp, n̄tashōp | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ entanhōp, n̄tanhōp | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ entatetn̄hōp, n̄tatetn̄hōp | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ entauhōp, n̄tauhōp | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲡ enta- hōp, n̄ta- hōp |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲡ etem̄pihōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲡ etem̄pk̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲡ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲡ etem̄pehōp, etem̄pr̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲡ etem̄pf̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲡ etem̄ps̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ etem̄pn̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ etem̄petn̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ etem̄pouhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ etem̄pe- hōp |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ neaïhōp | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ neakhōp | ⲛⲉⲁϩⲱⲡ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣϩⲱⲡ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ neahōp, nearhōp, nearehōp | ⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲡ neafhōp | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ neashōp | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ neanhōp | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ neatetn̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ neauhōp | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲡ nea- hōp |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓϩⲱⲡ nem̄pihōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ϩⲱⲡ nem̄pk̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉϩⲱⲡ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ϩⲱⲡ nem̄pehōp, nem̄pr̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ϩⲱⲡ nem̄pf̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ϩⲱⲡ nem̄ps̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ nem̄pn̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ nem̄petn̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ nem̄pouhōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ nem̄pe- hōp |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ n̄taïhōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ n̄takhōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ n̄tahōp, n̄tarhōp, n̄tarehōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲡ n̄tafhōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ n̄tashōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ n̄tanhōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ n̄tatetn̄hōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ n̄tauhōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲡ n̄ta- hōp |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲡ m̄patihōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲡ m̄patk̄hōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ m̄patehōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲡ m̄patf̄hōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲡ m̄pats̄hōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ m̄patn̄hōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ m̄patetn̄hōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ m̄patouhōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ m̄pate- hōp |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲡ em̄patihōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲡ em̄patk̄hōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ em̄patehōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲡ em̄patf̄hōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲡ em̄pats̄hōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ em̄patn̄hōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ em̄patetn̄hōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ em̄patouhōp | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ em̄pate- hōp |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲡ etem̄patihōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲡ etem̄patk̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ etem̄patehōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲡ etem̄patf̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲡ etem̄pats̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ etem̄patn̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ etem̄patetn̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ etem̄patouhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ etem̄pate- hōp |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲡ nem̄patihōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲡ nem̄patk̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ nem̄patehōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲡ nem̄patf̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲡ nem̄pats̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ nem̄patn̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ nem̄patetn̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ nem̄patouhōp | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ nem̄pate- hōp |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ šaïhōp | ϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ šakhōp | ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ šarehōp | ϣⲁϥϩⲱⲡ šafhōp | ϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ šashōp | ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ šanhōp | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ šatetn̄hōp | ϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ šauhōp | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ šare- hōp |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ meïhōp | ⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ mekhōp | ⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ merehōp | ⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲡ mefhōp | ⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ meshōp | ⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ menhōp | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ metetn̄hōp | ⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲡ meuhōp | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ mere- hōp |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ ešaïhōp | ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ ešakhōp | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ ešarehōp | ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲡ ešafhōp | ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ ešashōp | ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ ešanhōp | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ ešatetn̄hōp | ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ ešauhōp | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ ešare- hōp |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ emeïhōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ emekhōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ emerehōp | ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲡ emefhōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ emeshōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ emenhōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ emetetn̄hōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲡ emeuhōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ emere- hōp |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ etešaïhōp, ešaïhōp | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ, ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ etešakhōp, ešakhōp | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ etešarehōp, ešarehōp | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲡ, ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲡ etešafhōp, ešafhōp | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ, ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ etešashōp, ešashōp | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ, ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ etešanhōp, ešanhōp | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ etešatetn̄hōp, ešatetn̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ, ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ etešauhōp, ešauhōp | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ etešare- hōp, ešare- hōp |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ etemeïhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ etemekhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ etemerehōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲡ etemefhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ etemeshōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ etemenhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ etemetetn̄hōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲡ etemeuhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ etemere- hōp |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ nešaïhōp | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲡ nešakhōp | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ nešarehōp | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲡ nešafhōp | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲡ nešashōp | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ nešanhōp | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ nešatetn̄hōp | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲡ nešauhōp | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ nešare- hōp |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ nemeïhōp | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ nemekhōp | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ nemerehōp | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲡ nemefhōp | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ nemeshōp | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ nemenhōp | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ nemetetn̄hōp | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲡ nemeuhōp | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ nemere- hōp |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ emeïhōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ emekhōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ emerehōp | ⲉⲙⲉϥϩⲱⲡ emefhōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ emeshōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ emenhōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ emetetn̄hōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲩϩⲱⲡ emeuhōp | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ emere- hōp |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉϩⲱⲡ eïehōp | ⲉⲕⲉϩⲱⲡ ekehōp | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ erehōp | ⲉϥⲉϩⲱⲡ efehōp | ⲉⲥⲉϩⲱⲡ esehōp | ⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲡ enehōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉϩⲱⲡ etetnehōp | ⲉⲩⲉϩⲱⲡ euehōp | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ ere- hōp |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁϩⲱⲡ n̄nahōp | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ n̄nekhōp | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϩⲱⲡ n̄nehōp | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲡ n̄nefhōp | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ n̄neshōp | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ n̄nenhōp | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ n̄netn̄hōp | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩϩⲱⲡ n̄neuhōp | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ n̄ne- hōp |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲡ marihōp | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲡ marefhōp | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ mareshōp | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ marn̄hōp | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ marouhōp | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ mare- hōp |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁϩⲱⲡ m̄pr̄trahōp | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲡ m̄pr̄trefhōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ m̄pr̄treshōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ m̄pr̄trenhōp | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩϩⲱⲡ m̄pr̄treuhōp | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ m̄pr̄tre- hōp |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϩⲱⲡ, ⲧⲁϩⲱⲡ n̄tahōp, tahōp | ⲛ̄ⲅϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲕϩⲱⲡ n̄ghōp, n̄khōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ n̄tehōp | ⲛ̄ϥϩⲱⲡ n̄fhōp | ⲛ̄ⲥϩⲱⲡ n̄shōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ n̄tn̄hōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ n̄tetn̄hōp | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉϩⲱⲡ n̄sehōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ n̄te- hōp |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲡ tarihōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ tarekhōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ tarehōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲡ tarefhōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ tareshōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ tarn̄hōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ taretn̄hōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ tarouhōp | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ tare- hōp |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓϩⲱⲡ n̄terihōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ n̄terekhōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣϩⲱⲡ n̄terehōp, n̄tererhōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲡ n̄terefhōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ n̄tereshōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ n̄tern̄hōp, n̄terenhōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ n̄teretn̄hōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ n̄terouhōp | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ n̄tere- hōp |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯϩⲱⲡ šantihōp | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ϩⲱⲡ šantk̄hōp | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϩⲱⲡ šantehōp | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ϩⲱⲡ šantf̄hōp | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ϩⲱⲡ šants̄hōp | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ šantn̄hōp | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ šantetn̄hōp | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲡ šantouhōp | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ šante- hōp |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ eïšanhōp | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ ekšanhōp | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ eršanhōp, erešanhōp | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ efšanhōp | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ esšanhōp | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ enšanhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ etetn̄šanhōp | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲡ eušanhōp | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲱⲡ eršan- hōp |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ϩⲱⲡ eïhōp | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲡ ekhōp | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲡ erehōp | ⲉϥϩⲱⲡ efhōp | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲡ eshōp | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲡ enhōp | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϩⲱⲡ etetn̄hōp | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲡ euhōp | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲡ ere- hōp |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 290
* Lambdin, Thomas Oden (1983) Introduction to Sahidic Coptic, Macon, Georgia: Mercer University Press, →ISBN, page 336