# 天花板
## Chinese

* 天花板

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): tiānhuābǎn
       (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄅㄢˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): tian$^1$ hua$^1$ ban$^3$
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): тянхуабан (ti͡anhuaban, I-I-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tin$^1$ faa$^1$ baan$^2$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tien$^1$ fa ban$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): thiên-fâ-pán
    (Meixian, Guangdong): tiên$^1$ fa$^1$ ban$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): tie$^1$ hua$^1$ ban$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): tíng-huá-bǎing
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thian-hoa-pán
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): tienn$^1$ fa$^1$ ban$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiānhuābǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢ ㄏㄨㄚ ㄅㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tianhuabǎn
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^1$-hua$^1$-pan$^3$
*** Yale: tyān-hwā-bǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tianhuabaan
*** Palladius: тяньхуабань (tjanʹxuabanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ xu̯ä⁵⁵ pän²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: tian$^1$ hua$^1$ ban$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: tianxuaban
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiɛn⁵⁵ xua⁵⁵ pan⁵³/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: тянхуабан (ti͡anhuaban, I-I-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiæ̃²⁴ xua²⁴ pæ̃⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tin$^1$ faa$^1$ baan$^2$
*** Yale: tīn fā báan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tin$^1$ faa$^1$ baan$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tin$^1$ fa$^1$ ban$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiːn⁵⁵ faː⁵⁵ paːn³⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tien$^1$ fa ban$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiɛn⁴² fa² pan²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: thiên-fâ-pán
*** Hakka Romanization System: tien$^ˊ$ fa$^ˊ$ ban$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tian$^1$ fa$^1$ ban$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰi̯en²⁴⁻¹¹ fa²⁴ pan³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: tiên$^1$ fa$^1$ ban$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰiɛn⁴⁴ fa⁴⁴⁻³⁵ pan³¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: tie$^1$ hua$^1$ ban$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style, no sandhi): /tʰie¹¹ xua¹¹ pæ̃⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: tíng-huá-bǎing
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiŋ⁵⁴ xua⁵⁴ paiŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Penang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thian-hoa-pán
*** Tâi-lô: thian-hua-pán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tienhoa'parn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɛn³³ hua³³ pan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² hua⁴⁴⁻²² pan⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴⁻³³ pan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ hua⁴⁴⁻³³ pan⁵³/
*** IPA (Penang): /tʰiɛn³³⁻²¹ hua³³⁻²¹ pan⁴⁴⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: tienn$^1$ fa$^1$ ban$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ẽ³³ ɸa̠³³ pan⁴¹/

### Noun

天花板
* ceiling
       Tiānhuābǎn shàng guà zhe yī zhǎn míngguì de diàodēng. [Pinyin]
       A precious chandelier hung from the ceiling.
* (figurative) ceiling; upper limit
* (Dungan, Jin, anatomy) palate; upper jaw; maxilla

#### Synonyms

* (ceiling): (Hokkien) 天河板
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 天花板 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 天花板 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 天花板 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 天棚, 仰棚 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 天花板 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 仰塵, 頂棚, 天花板 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 仰塵, 頂棚 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 仰塵, 天花板 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 天花板, 天花板兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 天花板 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 天花板 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 天花板 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 天花板 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 天花板, 天花 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 浪層, 天花板 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 天花板 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 天花板 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 天花板 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 天花板 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 天花板, 倒板, 天棚 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 天花板 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 仰塵, 頂棚, 天花板 cement |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 幔子, 仰塵 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 天花板 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 天花板 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 天羅板, 天篷 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 天篷 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 天篷 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 天花板, 天篷 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 天篷, 天遮 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 天篷, 天遮 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 天篷 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 天篷 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 天篷 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 天花板 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 天遮 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 天花板 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 倒吊枋 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 天花板 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 天花板 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 天面 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 天花板 |
| Wu | Danyang | 天花板 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 天花板 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 天花板 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 天花板 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 天花板 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 天花板 |
* (palate): 上顎／上颚 (shàng'è), 上頜／上颌 (shànghé); (Eastern Min) 上岸; (Hokkien) 頂頷／顶颔, 上疆

#### Derived terms

* 玻璃天花板 (bōli tiānhuābǎn)

#### See also

* 地板 (dìbǎn)
* 屋頂／屋顶 (wūdǐng)