# 滅ぶ
## Japanese

* Kanji in this term
* 滅
* ほろ Grade: S
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 亡ぶ

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほろぶ [hòróꜜbù] (Nakadaka – [2])
* (Tokyo) ほろぶ [hòróbú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ho̞ɾo̞bɯ̟]
* Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 「滅ぶ」
Source: Online Japanese Accent Dictionary :
| Stem forms ||||
| Terminal (終止形) Attributive (連体形) | 滅ぶ | ほろぶ | [hòróꜜbù] |
| Imperative (命令形) | 滅べ | ほろべ | [hòróꜜbè] |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 滅ばれる | ほろばれる | [hòróbáréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 滅ばせる | ほろばせる | [hòróbáséꜜrù] |
| Potential | - | - | - |
| Volitional | 滅ぼう | ほろぼー | [hòróbóꜜò] |
| Negative | 滅ばない | ほろばない | [hòróbáꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 滅ばなかった | ほろばなかった | [hòróbáꜜnàkàttà] |
| Formal | 滅びます | ほろびます | [hòróbímáꜜsù] |
| Perfective | 滅んだ | ほろんだ | [hòróꜜǹdà] |
| Conjunctive | 滅んで | ほろんで | [hòróꜜǹdè] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 滅べば | ほろべば | [hòróꜜbèbà] |

### Verb

滅(ほろ)ぶ • (horobu) godan (stem 滅(ほろ)び (horobi), past 滅(ほろ)んだ (horonda))
* Alternative form of 滅びる (horobiru)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 滅ば | ほろば | horoba |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 滅び | ほろび | horobi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 滅ぶ | ほろぶ | horobu |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 滅ぶ | ほろぶ | horobu |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 滅べ | ほろべ | horobe |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 滅べ | ほろべ | horobe |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 滅ばれる | ほろばれる | horobareru |
| Causative | 滅ばせる 滅ばす | ほろばせる ほろばす | horobaseru horobasu |
| Potential | 滅べる | ほろべる | horoberu |
| Volitional | 滅ぼう | ほろぼう | horobō |
| Negative | 滅ばない | ほろばない | horobanai |
| Negative continuative | 滅ばず | ほろばず | horobazu |
| Formal | 滅びます | ほろびます | horobimasu |
| Perfective | 滅んだ | ほろんだ | horonda |
| Conjunctive | 滅んで | ほろんで | horonde |
| Hypothetical conditional | 滅べば | ほろべば | horobeba |
Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 滅ば | ほろば | foroba |
| Continuative (連用形) | 滅び | ほろび | forobi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 滅ぶ | ほろぶ | forobu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 滅ぶ | ほろぶ | forobu |
| Realis (已然形) | 滅べ | ほろべ | forobe |
| Imperative (命令形) | 滅べ | ほろべ | forobe |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 滅ばず | ほろばず | forobazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 滅べど | ほろべど | forobedo |
| Causal conjunction | 滅べば | ほろべば | forobeba |
| Conditional conjunction | 滅ばば | ほろばば | forobaba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 滅びき | ほろびき | forobiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 滅びけり | ほろびけり | forobikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 滅びつ | ほろびつ | forobitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 滅びぬ | ほろびぬ | forobinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 滅べり 滅びたり | ほろべり ほろびたり | foroberi forobitari |
| Volitional | 滅ばむ | ほろばむ | forobamu |

### Verb

滅(ほろ)ぶ • (horobu) $^†$nidan
* Classical Japanese form of 滅びる (horobiru)

#### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 滅び | ほろび | forobi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 滅び | ほろび | forobi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 滅ぶ | ほろぶ | forobu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 滅ぶる | ほろぶる | foroburu |
| Realis (已然形) | 滅ぶれ | ほろぶれ | forobure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 滅びよ | ほろびよ | forobiyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 滅びず | ほろびず | forobizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 滅ぶれど | ほろぶれど | foroburedo |
| Causal conjunction | 滅ぶれば | ほろぶれば | forobureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 滅びば | ほろびば | forobiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 滅びき | ほろびき | forobiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 滅びけり | ほろびけり | forobikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 滅びつ | ほろびつ | forobitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 滅びぬ | ほろびぬ | forobinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 滅びたり | ほろびたり | forobitari |
| Volitional | 滅びむ | ほろびむ | forobimu |

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN