# 滂沱
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pāngtuó, pángtuó
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄤ ㄊㄨㄛˊ, ㄆㄤˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pong$^1$ to$^4$ / pong$^4$ to$^4$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): pang$^5$ to$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pāngtuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄤ ㄊㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pangtuó
*** Wade–Giles: pʻang$^1$-tʻo$^2$
*** Yale: pāng-twó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pangtwo
*** Palladius: панто (panto)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, common variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pángtuó
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄤˊ ㄊㄨㄛˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pángtuó
*** Wade–Giles: pʻang$^2$-tʻo$^2$
*** Yale: páng-twó
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parngtwo
*** Palladius: панто (panto)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑŋ³⁵ tʰu̯ɔ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pong$^1$ to$^4$ / pong$^4$ to$^4$
*** Yale: pōng tòh / pòhng tòh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pong$^1$ to$^4$ / pong$^4$ to$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pong$^1$ to$^4$ / pong$^4$ to$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰɔː²¹/, /pʰɔːŋ²¹ tʰɔː²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pang$^5$ to$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phâng thô
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰo⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: phang da
Rime :
| Character | 滂 | 沱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 普郎切 | 徒河切 |
| Baxter | phang | da |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰɑŋ/ | /dɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰɑŋ/ | /dɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰɑŋ/ | /dɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰaŋ/ | /da/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰɑŋ/ | /dɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰɑŋ/ | /dɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pʰɑŋ/ | /dʱɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pāng | tuó |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pong$^1$ | to$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːŋ l'aːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 滂 | 沱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| No. | 2997 | 12218 |
| Phonetic component | 方 | 它 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 滂 | 駝 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰaːŋ/ | /*l'aːl/ |

### Adjective

滂沱
* (ideophonic, of rain) pouring; torrential; raining heavily
** c. 11th century BCE - 7th century BCE, unknown, 詩經 [Classic of Poetry]:
       Yuè lí yú Bì, bǐ pāngtuó yǐ. [Pinyin]
       The moon also is in the Hyades, Which will bring still greater rain.
** 2015, “《天光》”, performed by C AllStar:
       zi$^2$ si$^6$ naa$^5$ jau$^6$ syun$^3$ lau$^6$ ngo$^5$, dou$^3$ ngo$^5$ ceot$^1$ cau$^2$, jau$^4$ jyu$^4$ daai$^6$ jyu$^5$ zoi$^6$ pong$^1$ to$^4$. [Jyutping]
       But how would they forget to count me in; when it is my turn to make a fool of myself, it is like rain pouring down heavily.
* (ideophonic, of tears) streaming down; in streams; crying profusely
** c. 11th century BCE - 7th century BCE, unknown, 詩經 [Classic of Poetry]:
       Bǐ zé zhī bēi, yǒu pú yǔ hé. Yǒu měi yī rén, shāng rú zhī hé. Wùmèi wúwéi, tìsì pāngtuó. [Pinyin]
       By the shores of that marsh, There are rushes and lotus plants. There is the beautiful lady; - I am tortured for her, but what avails it? Waking or sleeping, I do nothing; From my eyes and nose the water streams.
** c. 4th century BCE - 2nd century C.E., various authors, compiled by 劉向 [Liu Xiang], 楚辭 [The Verses of Chu]:
       Huángù shìsú xī, huàibài wǎng luó. Juǎn pèi jiāng shì xī, tì liú pāngtuó. [Pinyin]
       I turned and looked back at the foolish world, lost in destruction's nets. I twisted my girdle, preparing to depart, and my tears fell in streams.
** c. 4th century BCE - 2nd century C.E., various authors, compiled by 劉向 [Liu Xiang], 楚辭 [The Verses of Chu]:
       Chē yuè zhé xī mǎ huǐtuí, chǔn chàng lì xī tì pāngtuó. [Pinyin]
       My chariot-bar broke and my horses sank exhausted; Stricken I stood then, my face bathed in tears.
** Tang dynasty, Han Yu, 《石鼓歌》 [A Poem on the Stone Drums]:
       Kǒngzǐ xīxíng bù dào Qín, jǐzhí xīngxiù yí Xī'é. Jiē yú hàogǔ shēng kǔ wǎn, duì cǐ tìlèi shuāng pāngtuó. [Pinyin]
       Confucius journeyed in the west, but not to the Qin Kingdom, He chose our planet and our stars but missed the sun and moon; I who am fond of antiquity, was born too late, And, thinking of these wonderful things, cannot hold back my tears...
** 1992, “紅日”, 李克勤 [Hacken Lee] (lyrics), 立川俊之 (music), performed by 李克勤 [Hacken Lee]:
       zoi$^6$ mau$^5$ nin$^4$, naa$^5$ jau$^3$ siu$^2$ dik$^1$ ngo$^5$, dit$^3$ dou$^2$ gwo$^3$ gei$^2$ do$^1$ gei$^2$ do$^1$ lok$^6$ leoi$^6$ zoi$^6$ jyu$^5$ je$^6$ pong$^4$ to$^4$ [Jyutping]
       At that year, that young me had fallen many many times and cried profusely in rainy nights
* (ideophonic, literary) vast; plentiful; overflowing
* (ideophonic, literary) rich in variety; sumptuous; lavish
* (ideophonic, literary, of water) flowing far and wide

#### Derived terms

* 大雨滂沱 (dàyǔpāngtuó)
* 涕泗滂沱
* 滂沱大雨 (pāngtuódàyǔ)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 滂沱(ぼうだ) (bōda)
* → Korean: 방타(滂沱) (bangta)

#### See also

* 滂沛
* 滂滂
* 瀢沱／𬉋沱 (duìduò)