# ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ
## Coptic
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Noun

ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ • (hōlem) m
* (Sahidic) rapine, spoil

### Verb

ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ • (hōlem) (nominal state ϩⲉⲗⲉⲙ-, pronominal state ϩⲟⲗⲙ⸗)
* (Bohairic) to seize

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ hōlem | imperative | affirmative | ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ hōlem |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ štemhōlem | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀perhōlem |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tihōlem | ⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ khōlem | ⲧⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tehōlem | ϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ fhōlem | ⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ shōlem | ⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tenhōlem | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tetenhōlem | ⲥⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ sehōlem | ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ hōlem |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eihōlem | ⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ekhōlem | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ erehōlem | ⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ efhōlem | ⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eshōlem | ⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ enhōlem | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eretenhōlem | ⲉⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ euhōlem | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ere- hōlem |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etihōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etekhōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etehōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etefhōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eteshōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etenhōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etetenhōlem | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etouhōlem | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ete- hōlem |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ naihōlem | ⲛⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nakhōlem | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ narehōlem | ⲛⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nafhōlem | ⲛⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nashōlem | ⲛⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nanhōlem | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ naretenhōlem | ⲛⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nauhōlem | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nare- hōlem |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ aihōlem | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ akhōlem | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ arehōlem | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ afhōlem | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ashōlem | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ anhōlem | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ aretenhōlem | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ auhōlem | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ are- hōlem |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tinahōlem | ⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ khnahōlem | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ terahōlem | ϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ fnahōlem | ⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ snahōlem | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tennahōlem | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tetennahōlem | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ senahōlem | ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nahōlem |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ einahōlem | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ekhnahōlem | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ erenahōlem | ⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ efnahōlem | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ esnahōlem | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ennahōlem | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eretennahōlem | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eunahōlem | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ere- nahōlem |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etinahōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etekhnahōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etenahōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etefnahōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etesnahōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etennahōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etetennahōlem | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etounahōlem | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ete- nahōlem |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nainahōlem | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nakhnahōlem | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ narenahōlem | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nafnahōlem | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nasnahōlem | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nannahōlem | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ naretennahōlem | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ naunahōlem | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nare- nahōlem |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ainahōlem | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ akhnahōlem | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ arenahōlem | ⲁϥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ afnahōlem | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ asnahōlem | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ annahōlem | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ aretennahōlem | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ aunahōlem | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ are- nahōlem |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ aihōlem | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ akhōlem | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ arehōlem | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ afhōlem | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ashōlem | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ anhōlem | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ atetenhōlem | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ auhōlem | ⲁ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ a- hōlem |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pihōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pekhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pehōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pefhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀peshōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀penhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀petenhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pouhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pe- hōlem |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eaihōlem | ⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eakhōlem | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ earehōlem | ⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eafhōlem | ⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eashōlem | ⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eanhōlem | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eatetenhōlem | ⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eauhōlem | ⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ea- hōlem |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pihōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pekhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pehōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pefhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀peshōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀penhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀petenhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pouhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pe- hōlem |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etaihōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etakhōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etarehōlem | ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etafhōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etashōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etanhōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etaretenhōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etauhōlem | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eta- hōlem |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pihōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pekhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pehōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pefhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀peshōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀penhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀petenhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pouhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pe- hōlem |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ neaihōlem | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ neakhōlem | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nearehōlem | ⲛⲉⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ neafhōlem | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ neashōlem | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ neanhōlem | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ neatetenhōlem | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ neauhōlem | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nea- hōlem |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nem̀pihōlem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nem̀pekhōlem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nem̀pehōlem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nem̀pefhōlem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nem̀peshōlem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nem̀penhōlem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nem̀petenhōlem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nem̀pouhōlem | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nem̀pe- hōlem |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etaihōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etakhōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etarehōlem | ⲉⲧⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etafhōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etashōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etanhōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etaretenhōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etauhōlem | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eta- hōlem |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀patihōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀patekhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀patehōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀patefhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pateshōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀patenhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀patetenhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀patouhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pate- hōlem |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀patihōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀patekhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀patehōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀patefhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pateshōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀patenhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀patetenhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀patouhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pate- hōlem |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀patihōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀patekhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀patehōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀patefhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pateshōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀patenhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀patetenhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀patouhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pate- hōlem |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀patihōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀patekhōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀patehōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀patefhōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀pateshōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀patenhōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀patetenhōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀patouhōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀pate- hōlem |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šaihōlem | ϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šakhōlem | ϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šarehōlem | ϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šafhōlem | ϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šashōlem | ϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šanhōlem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šatetenhōlem | ϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šauhōlem | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šare- hōlem |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀paihōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pakhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀parehōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pafhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pashōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀panhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀paretenhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pauhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀pare- hōlem |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešaihōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešakhōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešarehōlem | ⲉϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešafhōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešashōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešanhōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešatetenhōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešauhōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešare- hōlem |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀paihōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pakhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀parehōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pafhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pashōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀panhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀paretenhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pauhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pare- hōlem |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etšaihōlem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etšakhōlem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etšarehōlem | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etšafhōlem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etšashōlem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etšanhōlem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etšatetenhōlem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etšauhōlem | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etšare- hōlem |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀paihōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pakhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀parehōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pafhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pashōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀panhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀paretenhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pauhōlem | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ etm̀pare- hōlem |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ našaihōlem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ našakhōlem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ našarehōlem | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ našafhōlem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ našashōlem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ našanhōlem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ našatetenhōlem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ našauhōlem | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ našare- hōlem |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀paihōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀pakhōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀parehōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀pafhōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀pashōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀panhōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀paretenhōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀pauhōlem | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ nam̀pare- hōlem |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀paihōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pakhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀parehōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pafhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pashōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀panhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀paretenhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pauhōlem | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ em̀pare- hōlem |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eiehōlem | ⲉⲕⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ekehōlem | ⲉⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ erehōlem | ⲉϥⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ efehōlem | ⲉⲥⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ esehōlem | ⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ enehōlem | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ eretenehōlem | ⲉⲩⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ euehōlem | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ere- hōlem |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹnahōlem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹnekhōlem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹnehōlem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹnefhōlem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹneshōlem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹnenhōlem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹnetenhōlem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹnouhōlem | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹne- hōlem |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ marihōlem | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ marefhōlem | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ mareshōlem | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ marenhōlem | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ marouhōlem | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ mare- hōlem |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀penthrihōlem | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀penthrefhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀penthreshōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀penthrenhōlem | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀penthreuhōlem | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ m̀penthre- hōlem |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹtahōlem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹtekhōlem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹtehōlem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹtefhōlem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹteshōlem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹtenhōlem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹtetenhōlem | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹsehōlem, ǹtouhōlem | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ǹte- hōlem |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tarihōlem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tarekhōlem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tarehōlem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tarefhōlem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tareshōlem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tarenhōlem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ taretenhōlem | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tarouhōlem | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ tare- hōlem |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šatihōlem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šatekhōlem | ϣⲁⲧⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šatehōlem | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šatefhōlem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šateshōlem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šatenhōlem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šatetenhōlem | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šatouhōlem | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ šate- hōlem |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ aišanhōlem | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ akšanhōlem | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ arešanhōlem | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ afšanhōlem | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ asšanhōlem | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ anšanhōlem | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ aretenšanhōlem | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ aušanhōlem | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ arešan- hōlem |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ aihōlem | ⲁⲕϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ akhōlem | ⲁⲣⲉϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ arehōlem | ⲁϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ afhōlem | ⲁⲥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ ashōlem | ⲁⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ anhōlem | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ aretenhōlem | ⲁⲩϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ auhōlem | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ are- hōlem |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

#### Derived terms

* ⲣⲉϥϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ (refhōlem)

### References

* TLA lemma no. C6556 (ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
* TLA lemma no. C6557 (ϩⲱⲗⲉⲙ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
* Marcion Coptic dictionary