# 欱

| 欱 | U+6B31, &#27441; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6B31 |
| ← 欰 [U+6B30] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 欲 → [U+6B32] |

## Translingual
### Han character

欱 (Kangxi radical 76, 欠+6, 10 strokes, cangjie input 人口弓人 (ORNO), four-corner 8768$_2$, composition ⿰合欠)
* to drink

#### Derived characters

* 𣹱

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 567, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16071
* Dae Jaweon: page 956, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2138, character 18
* Unihan data for U+6B31

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 欱
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 龕 | *kʰuːm |
| 媕 | *quːm, *qromʔ, *qɯːm, *qramʔ, *qɯːb |
| 頜 | *ɡuːmʔ, *kuːb |
| 答 | *tkuːb |
| 畣 | *tkuːb |
| 荅 | *tkuːb |
| 嗒 | *tuːb, *tʰoːb |
| 褡 | *tuːb, *toːb |
| 撘 | *tuːb |
| 搭 | *tuːb, *tʰoːb |
| 榙 | *tkuːb, *ɡuːb |
| 佮 | *tkʰuːb, *kuːb, *quːb, *quːb |
| 蛤 | *kuːb |
| 鴿 | *kuːb |
| 合 | *kuːb, *ɡuːb |
| 郃 | *kuːb, *ɡuːb |
| 匌 | *kuːb, *kʰuːb |
| 鉿 | *kuːb |
| 閤 | *kuːb |
| 鞈 | *kuːb, *kruːb |
| 韐 | *kuːb, *kruːb |
| 鮯 | *kuːb |
| 哈 | *ŋɡuːb |
| 姶 | *quːb, *quːb |
| 欱 | *qʰuːb, *qʰruːb |
| 盒 | *ɡuːb |
| 耠 | *ɡuːb |
| 詥 | *ɡuːb |
| 塔 | *tʰuːb |
| 鞳 | *tʰoːb |
| 劄 | *rtuːb |
| 跲 | *kruːb, *kob, *ɡob |
| 袷 | *kruːb, *ŋkob |
| 餄 | *kruːb |
| 恰 | *kʰruːb |
| 帢 | *kʰruːb |
| 洽 | *ɡruːb |
| 祫 | *ɡruːb |
| 珨 | *ɡruːb |
| 烚 | *ɡruːb |
| 歙 | *qʰjob, *qʰrub |
| 湁 | *tkʰub |
| 拾 | *ɡjub |
| 給 | *krub |
| 翕 | *qʰrub |
| 噏 | *qʰrub |
| 潝 | *qʰrub |
| 熻 | *qʰrub |
| 嬆 | *qʰrub |
| 翖 | *qʰrub |
| 闟 | *qʰrub |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hē, xiá (he$^1$, xia$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜ, ㄒㄧㄚˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hot$^3$ / hap$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hap
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hē
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: he
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^1$
*** Yale: hē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: he
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiá
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄚˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siá
*** Wade–Giles: hsia$^2$
*** Yale: syá
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shya
*** Palladius: ся (sja)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ä³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hot$^3$ / hap$^6$
*** Yale: hot / hahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hot$^8$ / hap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hod$^3$ / heb$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːt̚³/, /hɐp̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hap
*** Tâi-lô: hap
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hab
*** IPA (Jinjiang, Philippines): /hap̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou): /hap̚³²/
* Middle Chinese: xop, xeap
Rime :
| Character | 欱 | 欱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 合 (160) | 洽 (152) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 呼合切 | 呼洽切 |
| Baxter | xop | xeap |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hʌp̚/ | /hˠɛp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /həp̚/ | /hᵚæp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɒp̚/ | /xɐp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /həp̚/ | /həɨp̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xᴀp̚/ | /xɐp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xɒp̚/ | /xɐp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xăp̚/ | /xăp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | he | xia |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hap$^3$ | haap$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤ[ə]p/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰuːb/, /*qʰruːb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 欱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hē |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xop › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰˁ[ə]p/ |
| English | sip, drink |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 欱 | 欱 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 4969 | 4991 |
| Phonetic component | 合 | 合 |
| Rime group | 緝 | 緝 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 欱 | 䶎 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰuːb/ | /*qʰruːb/ |

### Definitions

欱
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) feeling tight and uncomfortably squeezed (due to a small space)
* (Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien) to frighten or deceive by means of fabrication or exaggeration
* (Xiamen and Taiwanese Hokkien) to eat in a big mouthful
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to press from both sides; to place in between
** (Taiwanese Hokkien) to capture with both hands together
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) clip; clamp
    欱仔 [Hokkien] ― hap-á [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― tongs; peg
* (Zhangzhou Hokkien) to be weighed down by a heavy object
* (Taiwanese Hokkien) to place (a cup, bowl, etc.) upside down to catch something
* (Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, figurative) to overpower someone and to have someone within one's control
* (Jinjiang and Philippine Hokkien) to take a picture

#### Synonyms

* (to press from both sides): 夾／夹 (jiā)

#### Compounds

* 掌甲欱仔
* 欱仙
* 欱仔
* 欱像
* 欱價／欱价

### Further reading

* “欱”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Vietnamese
### Han character

欱: Hán Nôm readings: hát
* Nôm form of hát (“to sing”).

#### References

* Nom Foundation