# 何等
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): héděng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ho$^4$ dang$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hò-tén
* Eastern Min (BUC): hò̤-dēng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hô-téng / hô͘-tńg
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: héděng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ ㄉㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: héděng
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$-têng$^3$
*** Yale: hé-děng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: herdeeng
*** Palladius: хэдэн (xɛdɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ho$^4$ dang$^2$
*** Yale: hòh dáng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ho$^4$ dang$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ho$^4$ deng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔː²¹ tɐŋ³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hò-tén
*** Hakka Romanization System: ho$^ˇ$ den$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ho$^2$ den$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ho¹¹ ten³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hò̤-dēng
*** Sinological IPA : /ho⁵³⁻³³ $^{(t-)}$lɛiŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô-téng
*** Tâi-lô: hô-tíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoi'deang
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ho²⁴⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ho¹³⁻²² tiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ho²⁴⁻¹¹ tiɪŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɤ²³⁻³³ tiɪŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hô͘-tńg
*** Tâi-lô: hôo-tńg
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ho'dngr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔ²⁴⁻²² tŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
* Middle Chinese: ha tongX
Rime :
| Character | 何 | 等 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) | 登 (129) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 胡歌切 | 多肯切 |
| Baxter | ha | tongX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦɑ/ | /təŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦɑ/ | /təŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣɑ/ | /təŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦa/ | /təŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɑ/ | /təŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣɑ/ | /təŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣɑ/ | /təŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hé | děng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ho$^4$ | dang$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤaj tˤəŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡaːl tɯːŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 何 | 等 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hé | děng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ha › | ‹ tong$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁaj/ | /*tˁəŋʔ/ |
| English | what | step, grade |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 何 | 等 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 7458 | 12054 |
| Phonetic component | 可 | 寺 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 何 | 等 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡaːl/ | /*tɯːŋʔ/ |

### Pronoun

何等
* (literary) what kind; what sort

#### Synonyms

* 什麼樣／什么样 (shénmeyàng)
* 何許／何许 (héxǔ) (literary)
* 啥樣／啥样 (sháyàng) (regional)

### Adverb

何等
* (literary) how; what

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 何等, 何其, 一何, 何哉, 何等也, 何則 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 多麼, 何等, 何其 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 多麼, 多 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 多麼, 多 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 多 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 多麼, 多 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 多麼, 多 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 多 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 好, 多 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 幾, 幾樣, 好 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 好 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 多 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 好 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 幾, 幾咁 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 幾, 幾咁 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 幾 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 幾 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 幾 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 多麼, 多來 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 幾多 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 若夥, 若 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 偌, 偌爾仔, 活, 活欲 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 偌, 活, 活欲 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 偌, 偌爾仔, 偌仔爾, 活, 活欲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 偌爾, 偌仔爾 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 偌爾, 偌仔爾 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 偌 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 偌 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 偌 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 若 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 若 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 幾 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 多少, 幾化 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 幾化 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 幾倈, 幾恁 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 幾, 幾多, 好 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 幾, 好 |

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 何 | 等 |
| なん Grade: 2 | ら Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 何ら
Kanji in this term :
| 何 | 等 |
| なに Grade: 2 | ら Grade: 3 |
| kun'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 何ら

### Etymology

The なんら (nanra) reading shifts from the なにら (nanira) reading.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なんら [náꜜǹrà] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) なんら [nàńrá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [nã̠n̺ɾa̠]
* (Tokyo) なにら [náꜜnìrà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [na̠ɲ̟iɾa̠]

### Adverb

何(なん)等(ら) or 何(なに)等(ら) • (nanra or nanira)
* (chiefly in the negative) (not) in any way, (none) whatsoever
    Synonyms: 何も, 少しも
    何(なん)ら関(かか)わりがない
       nanra kakawari ga nai
       not involved in any way

### References

* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN