# ⲕⲁϯ
## Coptic
### Pronunciation

* (Old Bohairic) IPA: /ˈkʼaʔtə/
* (Late Bohairic) IPA: /ˈɡaʔda/
* (Greco-Bohairic pronunciation) IPA: /ˈkati/

### Verb

ⲕⲁϯ • (kati)
* (Bohairic) to understand

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲕⲁϯ kati | imperative | affirmative | ⲕⲁϯ kati |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϯ štemkati | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲕⲁϯ m̀perkati |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲕⲁϯ tikati | ⲭⲕⲁϯ khkati | ⲧⲉⲕⲁϯ tekati | ϥⲕⲁϯ fkati | ⲥⲕⲁϯ skati | ⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ tenkati | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ tetenkati | ⲥⲉⲕⲁϯ sekati | ⲕⲁϯ kati |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲕⲁϯ eikati | ⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ ekhkati | ⲉⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ erekati | ⲉϥⲕⲁϯ efkati | ⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ eskati | ⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ enkati | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ eretenkati | ⲉⲩⲕⲁϯ eukati | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ ere- kati |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲕⲁϯ etikati | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ etekhkati | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲁϯ etekati | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲕⲁϯ etefkati | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ eteskati | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ etenkati | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ etetenkati | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ etoukati | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ ete- kati |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ naikati | ⲛⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ nakhkati | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ narekati | ⲛⲁϥⲕⲁϯ nafkati | ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ naskati | ⲛⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ nankati | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ naretenkati | ⲛⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ naukati | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ nare- kati |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ aikati | ⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ akhkati | ⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ arekati | ⲁϥⲕⲁϯ afkati | ⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ askati | ⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ ankati | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ aretenkati | ⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ aukati | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ are- kati |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ tinakati | ⲭⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ khnakati | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲕⲁϯ terakati | ϥⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ fnakati | ⲥⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ snakati | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ tennakati | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ tetennakati | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ senakati | ⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ nakati |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ einakati | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ ekhnakati | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ erenakati | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ efnakati | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ esnakati | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ ennakati | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ eretennakati | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ eunakati | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ ere- nakati |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ etinakati | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ etekhnakati | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ etenakati | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ etefnakati | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ etesnakati | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ etennakati | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ etetennakati | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ etounakati | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ ete- nakati |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ nainakati | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ nakhnakati | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ narenakati | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ nafnakati | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ nasnakati | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ nannakati | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ naretennakati | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ naunakati | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ nare- nakati |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ ainakati | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ akhnakati | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ arenakati | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ afnakati | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ asnakati | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ annakati | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ aretennakati | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ aunakati | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ are- nakati |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ aikati | ⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ akhkati | ⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ arekati | ⲁϥⲕⲁϯ afkati | ⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ askati | ⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ ankati | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ atetenkati | ⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ aukati | ⲁ- ⲕⲁϯ a- kati |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲕⲁϯ m̀pikati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ m̀pekhkati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲁϯ m̀pekati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲕⲁϯ m̀pefkati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ m̀peskati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ m̀penkati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ m̀petenkati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ m̀poukati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ m̀pe- kati |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ eaikati | ⲉⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ eakhkati | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ earekati | ⲉⲁϥⲕⲁϯ eafkati | ⲉⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ easkati | ⲉⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ eankati | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ eatetenkati | ⲉⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ eaukati | ⲉⲁ- ⲕⲁϯ ea- kati |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲕⲁϯ em̀pikati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ em̀pekhkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲁϯ em̀pekati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲕⲁϯ em̀pefkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ em̀peskati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ em̀penkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ em̀petenkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ em̀poukati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ em̀pe- kati |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ etaikati | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ etakhkati | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ etarekati | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲕⲁϯ etafkati | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ etaskati | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ etankati | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ etaretenkati | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ etaukati | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲕⲁϯ eta- kati |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲕⲁϯ etm̀pikati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ etm̀pekhkati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲁϯ etm̀pekati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲕⲁϯ etm̀pefkati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ etm̀peskati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ etm̀penkati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ etm̀petenkati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ etm̀poukati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ etm̀pe- kati |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ neaikati | ⲛⲉⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ neakhkati | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ nearekati | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲕⲁϯ neafkati | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ neaskati | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ neankati | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ neatetenkati | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ neaukati | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲕⲁϯ nea- kati |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲕⲁϯ nem̀pikati | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ nem̀pekhkati | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲁϯ nem̀pekati | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲕⲁϯ nem̀pefkati | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ nem̀peskati | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ nem̀penkati | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ nem̀petenkati | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ nem̀poukati | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ nem̀pe- kati |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ etaikati | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ etakhkati | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ etarekati | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲕⲁϯ etafkati | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ etaskati | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ etankati | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ etaretenkati | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ etaukati | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲕⲁϯ eta- kati |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲕⲁϯ m̀patikati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ m̀patekhkati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁϯ m̀patekati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲁϯ m̀patefkati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ m̀pateskati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ m̀patenkati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ m̀patetenkati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ m̀patoukati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ m̀pate- kati |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲕⲁϯ em̀patikati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ em̀patekhkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁϯ em̀patekati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲁϯ em̀patefkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ em̀pateskati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ em̀patenkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ em̀patetenkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ em̀patoukati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ em̀pate- kati |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲕⲁϯ etm̀patikati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ etm̀patekhkati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁϯ etm̀patekati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲁϯ etm̀patefkati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ etm̀pateskati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ etm̀patenkati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ etm̀patetenkati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ etm̀patoukati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ etm̀pate- kati |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲕⲁϯ nam̀patikati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ nam̀patekhkati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁϯ nam̀patekati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲁϯ nam̀patefkati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ nam̀pateskati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ nam̀patenkati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ nam̀patetenkati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ nam̀patoukati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ nam̀pate- kati |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ šaikati | ϣⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ šakhkati | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ šarekati | ϣⲁϥⲕⲁϯ šafkati | ϣⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ šaskati | ϣⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ šankati | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ šatetenkati | ϣⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ šaukati | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ šare- kati |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ m̀paikati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ m̀pakhkati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ m̀parekati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲕⲁϯ m̀pafkati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ m̀paskati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ m̀pankati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ m̀paretenkati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ m̀paukati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ m̀pare- kati |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ ešaikati | ⲉϣⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ ešakhkati | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ ešarekati | ⲉϣⲁϥⲕⲁϯ ešafkati | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ ešaskati | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ ešankati | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ ešatetenkati | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ ešaukati | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ ešare- kati |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ em̀paikati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ em̀pakhkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ em̀parekati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲕⲁϯ em̀pafkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ em̀paskati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ em̀pankati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ em̀paretenkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ em̀paukati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ em̀pare- kati |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ etšaikati | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ etšakhkati | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ etšarekati | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲕⲁϯ etšafkati | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ etšaskati | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ etšankati | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ etšatetenkati | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ etšaukati | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ etšare- kati |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ etm̀paikati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ etm̀pakhkati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ etm̀parekati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲕⲁϯ etm̀pafkati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ etm̀paskati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ etm̀pankati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ etm̀paretenkati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ etm̀paukati | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ etm̀pare- kati |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ našaikati | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ našakhkati | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ našarekati | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲕⲁϯ našafkati | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ našaskati | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ našankati | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ našatetenkati | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ našaukati | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ našare- kati |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ nam̀paikati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ nam̀pakhkati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ nam̀parekati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲕⲁϯ nam̀pafkati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ nam̀paskati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ nam̀pankati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ nam̀paretenkati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ nam̀paukati | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ nam̀pare- kati |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ em̀paikati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ em̀pakhkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ em̀parekati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲕⲁϯ em̀pafkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ em̀paskati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ em̀pankati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ em̀paretenkati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ em̀paukati | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ em̀pare- kati |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲕⲁϯ eiekati | ⲉⲕⲉⲕⲁϯ ekekati | ⲉⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ erekati | ⲉϥⲉⲕⲁϯ efekati | ⲉⲥⲉⲕⲁϯ esekati | ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲁϯ enekati | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲕⲁϯ eretenekati | ⲉⲩⲉⲕⲁϯ euekati | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ ere- kati |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲕⲁϯ ǹnakati | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ ǹnekhkati | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲁϯ ǹnekati | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲕⲁϯ ǹnefkati | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ ǹneskati | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ ǹnenkati | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ ǹnetenkati | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ ǹnoukati | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ ǹne- kati |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲕⲁϯ marikati | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲕⲁϯ marefkati | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ mareskati | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ marenkati | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ maroukati | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ mare- kati |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲕⲁϯ m̀penthrikati | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲕⲁϯ m̀penthrefkati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ m̀penthreskati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ m̀penthrenkati | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲕⲁϯ m̀penthreukati | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ m̀penthre- kati |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲕⲁϯ ǹtakati | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ ǹtekhkati | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲁϯ ǹtekati | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲕⲁϯ ǹtefkati | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ ǹteskati | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ ǹtenkati | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ ǹtetenkati | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲕⲁϯ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ ǹsekati, ǹtoukati | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ ǹte- kati |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲕⲁϯ tarikati | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ tarekhkati | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ tarekati | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲕⲁϯ tarefkati | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ tareskati | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ tarenkati | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ taretenkati | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ taroukati | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ tare- kati |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲕⲁϯ šatikati | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲭⲕⲁϯ šatekhkati | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁϯ šatekati | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲁϯ šatefkati | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲁϯ šateskati | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ šatenkati | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ šatetenkati | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲁϯ šatoukati | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ šate- kati |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ aišankati | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ akšankati | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ arešankati | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ afšankati | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ asšankati | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ anšankati | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ aretenšankati | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ aušankati | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲕⲁϯ arešan- kati |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲕⲁϯ aikati | ⲁⲭⲕⲁϯ akhkati | ⲁⲣⲉⲕⲁϯ arekati | ⲁϥⲕⲁϯ afkati | ⲁⲥⲕⲁϯ askati | ⲁⲛⲕⲁϯ ankati | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲁϯ aretenkati | ⲁⲩⲕⲁϯ aukati | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲕⲁϯ are- kati |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### References

* Vycichl, Werner (1983) Dictionnaire Étymologique de la Langue Copte, Leuven: Peeters, →ISBN, page 89
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 123