# 가깝다
## Korean
### Alternative forms

* 가찹다 (gachapda), 가직다 (gajikda), 가적다 (gajeokda), 가죽다 (gajukda), 개직다 (gaejikda), 개작다 (gaejakda) (all dialectal)

### Etymology

First attested in the Seokbo sangjeol (釋譜詳節 / 석보상절), 1447, as Middle Korean 갓갑〯다〮 (Yale: kàskǎp-tá), most plausibly from the unattested verbal root *가ᄌᆞᆨ (Yale: *kacok-, probably "to approach") + 아ᇦ〯 (Yale: -ǎW, adjective-deriving suffix). Dialects commonly preserve the original root.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [ka̠k͈a̠p̚t͈a̠]
* Phonetic hangul: [가깝따]

### Adjective

가깝다 • (gakkapda) (irregular, infinitive 가까워, sequential 가까우니)
* to be close, to be near (in distance, time, emotional rapport, kinship, etc.)
    Antonym: 멀다 (meolda)
    가까운 친척 ― gakkaun chincheok ― close relatives
    새로 이사한 집은 학교와 가깝다.Saero isahan jib-eun hakgyo-wa gakkapda.The school is close to our new house.

#### Conjugation

North Korean Standard:
| Sentence-final forms |
| | Formal non polite (해라체) | Informal non polite (해체) | Informal polite (해요체) | Formal polite (하십시오체) |
| indicative | 가깝다 (gakkapda) past: 가까웠다 (gakkawatda) | 가까워 (gakkawa) past: 가까웠어 (gakkawasseo) | 가까워요 (gakkawayo) past: 가까웠어요 (gakkawasseoyo) | 가깝습니다 (gakkapseumnida) past: 가까웠습니다 (gakkawatseumnida) |
| interrogative | 가까우냐 (gakkaunya) past: 가까웠냐 (gakkawannya) | 가까워 (gakkawa) past: 가까웠어 (gakkawasseo) | 가까워요 (gakkawayo) past: 가까웠어요 (gakkawasseoyo) | 가깝습니까 (gakkapseumnikka) past: 가까웠습니까 (gakkawatseumnikka) |
| assertive | 가깝겠다 (gakkapgetda) | 가깝겠어 (gakkapgesseo) | 가깝겠어요 (gakkapgesseoyo) | 가깝겠습니다 (gakkapgesseumnida) |
| Connective forms |
| cause or reason | 가까워 (gakkawa) | 가까워서 (gakkawaseo) | 가까우니 (gakkauni) | 가까우니까 (gakkaunikka) |
| contrast | 가깝지만 (gakkapjiman) | 가까운데 (gakkaunde) | 가깝더니 (gakkapdeoni) | conjunction 가깝고 (gakkapgo) |
| condition | 가까우면 (gakkaumyeon) | 가까워야 (gakkawaya) | | |
| Noun and determiner forms |
| Verbal nouns | Verbal nouns | 가까움 (gakkaum) | 가깝기 (gakkapgi) | |
| Past-tense verbal nouns | Past-tense verbal nouns | 가까웠음 (gakkawasseum) | 가까웠기 (gakkawatgi) | |
| Determiners | Determiners | | present 가까운 (gakkaun) | future 가까울 (gakkaul) |
| Sentence-final forms with honorific |
| | Plain (해라체) | Informal (해체) | Polite (해요체) | Formal (하십시오체) |
| indicative | 가까우시다 (gakkausida) past: 가까우셨다 (gakkausyeotda) | 가까우셔 (gakkausyeo) past: 가까우셨어 (gakkausyeosseo) | 가까우세요 (gakkauseyo) or 가까우셔요 (gakkausyeoyo) past: 가까우셨어요 (gakkausyeosseoyo) | 가까우십니다 (gakkausimnida) past: 가까우셨습니다 (gakkausyeotseumnida) |
| interrogative | 가까우시냐 (gakkausinya) past: 가까우셨냐 (gakkausyeonnya) | 가까우셔 (gakkausyeo) past: 가까우셨어 (gakkausyeosseo) | 가까우세요 (gakkauseyo) or 가까우셔요 (gakkausyeoyo) past: 가까우셨어요 (gakkausyeosseoyo) | 가까우십니까 (gakkausimnikka) past: 가까우셨습니까 (gakkausyeotseumnikka) |
| assertive | 가까우시겠다 (gakkausigetda) | 가까우시겠어 (gakkausigesseo) | 가까우시겠어요 (gakkausigesseoyo) | 가까우시겠습니다 (gakkausigetseumnida) |
| Connective forms with honorific |
| cause or reason | 가까우셔 (gakkausyeo) | 가까우셔서 (gakkausyeoseo) | 가까우시니 (gakkausini) | 가까우시니까 (gakkausinikka) |
| contrast | 가까우시지만 (gakkausijiman) | 가까우신데 (gakkausinde) | 가까우시더니 (gakkausideoni) | conjunction 가까우시고 (gakkausigo) |
| condition | 가까우시면 (gakkausimyeon) | 가까우셔야 (gakkausyeoya) | | |
| Noun and determiner forms with honorific |
| Verbal nouns | Verbal nouns | 가까우심 (gakkausim) | 가까우시기 (gakkausigi) | |
| Past-tense verbal nouns | Past-tense verbal nouns | 가까우셨음 (gakkausyeosseum) | 가까우셨기 (gakkausyeotgi) | |
| Determiners | Determiners | | present 가까우신 (gakkausin) | future 가까우실 (gakkausil) |
South Korean Standard:

### References

* ↑ 이승재 (Yi Seung-jae) (1983) “재구와 방언분화 [jaeguwa bang'eonbunhwa, Reconstructions and dialectal divergence]”, in Gugeohak, volume 12