# 垠

| 垠 | U+57A0, &#22432; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-57A0 |
| ← 垟 [U+579F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 垡 → [U+57A1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

垠 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 土日女 (GAV), four-corner 4713$_2$, composition ⿰土艮)
* boundary, bank of stream or river

#### Derived characters

* 𭈷

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 228, character 14
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5054
* Dae Jaweon: page 464, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 442, character 7
* Unihan data for U+57A0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 艱 | *krɯːn |
| 齦 | *kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn |
| 眼 | *ŋrɯːnʔ |
| 蛝 | *ɡrɯːn |
| 限 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 硍 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 豤 | *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn |
| 詪 | *ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns |
| 根 | *kɯːn |
| 跟 | *kɯːn |
| 珢 | *kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn |
| 艮 | *kɯːns |
| 茛 | *kɯːns |
| 墾 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 懇 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 垠 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn |
| 泿 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn |
| 痕 | *ɡɯːn |
| 拫 | *ɡɯːn |
| 鞎 | *ɡɯːn |
| 很 | *ɡɯːnʔ |
| 恨 | *ɡɯːns |
| 銀 | *ŋrɯn |
| 檭 | *ŋrɯn |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn) : semantic 土 (“soil”) + phonetic 艮 (OC *kɯːns)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yín (yin$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngan$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gûn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yín
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yín
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^2$
*** Yale: yín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yn
*** Palladius: инь (inʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /in³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngan$^4$
*** Yale: ngàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gûn
*** Tâi-lô: gûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: guun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡun²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡun²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡun¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡun²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡun²³/
* Middle Chinese: ngin, ngj+n, ngon
Rime :
| Character | 垠 | 垠 | 垠 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 疑 (31) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (44) | 欣 (57) | 痕 (53) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | I |
| Fanqie | 語巾切 | 語斤切 | 五根切 |
| Baxter | ngin | ngj+n | ngon |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋˠiɪn/ | /ŋɨn/ | /ŋən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋᵚin/ | /ŋɨn/ | /ŋən/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋien/ | /ŋiən/ | /ŋən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋjin/ | /ŋɨn/ | /ŋən/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋjĕn/ | /ŋiən/ | /ŋən/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋǐĕn/ | /ŋĭən/ | /ŋən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋi̯ĕn/ | /ŋi̯ən/ | /ŋən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yín | yín | én |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngan$^4$ | ngan$^4$ | ngan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ŋ]ər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ŋɯːn/, /*ŋrɯn/, /*ŋɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 垠 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yín |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngjɨn › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ]ər/ |
| English | raised border, dike |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 垠 | 垠 | 垠 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 3932 | 3940 | 3944 |
| Phonetic component | 艮 | 艮 | 艮 |
| Rime group | 文 | 文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 垠 | 銀 | 䖐 |
| Old Chinese | /*ŋɯːn/ | /*ŋrɯn/ | /*ŋɯn/ |
| Notes | | | 同圻 |

### Definitions

垠
* boundary; limit
* dike; riverbank; raised border

### Compounds

* 九垠
* 八垠
* 地垠
* 垠垠
* 朕垠
* 朱垠
* 沂垠
* 涯垠
* 無垠／无垠 (wúyín)
* 絕垠／绝垠
* 邊垠／边垠

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* limit
* boundary

#### Readings

* Go-on: ごん (gon)
* Kan-on: ぎん (gin)
* Kun: さかい (sakai, 垠い)、きし (kishi, 垠)

## Korean
### Hanja

垠 • (eun) (hangeul 은)
* boundary
* bank of stream or river

## Vietnamese
### Han character

垠: Hán Nôm readings: hằn, ngăn, ngấn, ngân, ngần
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.