# esfolar
## Galician
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese esfolar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria). From es- (“ex-”) +‎ fol (“hide, skin, bag”) +‎ -ar. Cognate with Portuguese esfolar and Asturian esfollar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esfoˈlaɾ/

### Verb

esfolar (first-person singular present esfolo, first-person singular preterite esfolei, past participle esfolado)
* to flay
** 1409, J. L. Pensado Tomé, editor, Rufus, Jordanus: Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 121:Auen aas uezes que eno collo et eno rrabo do Cauallo fazese sarna et proido que lle arriga da Reiz os cabellos et tanto o faz esfregar que se esfolla en todo.Sometimes in the neck and the tail of the horse there is scabies and itch that tear up the hairs by the roots, and made him rub so much that he even flays himself
* to skin
    Synonym: pelar
** 1458, X. Ferro Couselo, editor, A vida e a fala dos devanceiros. Escolma de documentos en galego dos séculos XIII ao XVI, Vigo: Galaxia, page 347:Que lle tomaran mays hun esqeiro et hun coytello desfollar e huun pente e hua chaue, que jurou que valía todo XXV mrsthat they also took from him a tinderbox and a knife for skinning and a comb and a key, and he swore that all that was worth 25 maravedis
* to fleece (con or trick out of money)
** 1907, Luís Otero Pimentel, Lama dos preitos:—Xantar, xantaredes vosoutros, que tedes con que; pois a min xa me tedes esfolado — dixo polo baixo o labrego, saíndo da escribanía."Lunch... you'll have lunch, since you have what to; as for me, you already have fleeced me", said the peasant under his breath while leaving the notary's office.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* esfolador
* esfoladura
* esfolagatos

#### Related terms

* fol

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “esfolar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “esfol”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “esfolar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “esfolar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “esfolar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “esfolar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese esfolar (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from Vulgar Latin *exfollāre. By surface analysis, es- (“ex-”) +‎ fol (“hide, skin, bag”) +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /is.foˈla(ʁ)/ [is.foˈla(h)], /es.foˈla(ʁ)/ [es.foˈla(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /is.foˈla(ʁ)/ [is.foˈla(h)], /es.foˈla(ʁ)/ [es.foˈla(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /is.foˈla(ɾ)/, /es.foˈla(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃ.foˈla(ʁ)/ [iʃ.foˈla(χ)], /eʃ.foˈla(ʁ)/ [eʃ.foˈla(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /es.foˈla(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.fuˈlaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.fuˈlaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.fuˈla.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: es‧fo‧lar

### Verb

esfolar (first-person singular present esfolo, first-person singular preterite esfolei, past participle esfolado)
* (transitive) to flay
* (pronominal) to scrape (to injure by scraping)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

### Further reading

* “esfolar”, in iDicionário Aulete (in Portuguese), Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon Editora Digital, 2008–2024
* “esfolar”, in Dicionário inFormal (in Portuguese), 2006–2024
* “esfolar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “esfolar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
* “esfolar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
* “esfolar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024