# 引用
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǐnyòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣˇ ㄩㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^5$ jung$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yín-yung
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ín-iōng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǐnyòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣˇ ㄩㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǐnyòng
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^3$-yung$^4$
*** Yale: yǐn-yùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiinyonq
*** Palladius: иньюн (inʹjun)
*** Sinological IPA : /in²¹⁴⁻²¹ jʊŋ⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$引用 飲用／饮用
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^5$ jung$^6$
*** Yale: yáhn yuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^5$ jung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^5$ yung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn¹³ jʊŋ²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yín-yung
*** Hakka Romanization System: in$^ˋ$ iung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^3$ yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /in³¹ i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yín-yung
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)in$^ˋ$ (r)iung
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^3$ yung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)in³¹ (j)i̯uŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ín-iōng
*** Tâi-lô: ín-iōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: yn'iong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /in⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ iɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /in⁵³⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ iɔŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: yinX|yinH yowngH
Rime :
| Character | 引 | 引 | 用 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 以 (36) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 眞 (43) | 眞 (43) | 鍾 (7) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 余忍切 | 羊晉切 | 余頌切 |
| Baxter | yinX | yinH | yowngH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jiɪn$^X$/ | /jiɪn$^H$/ | /jɨoŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jin$^X$/ | /jin$^H$/ | /jioŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /jen$^X$/ | /jen$^H$/ | /ioŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jin$^X$/ | /jin$^H$/ | /juawŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iĕn$^X$/ | /iĕn$^H$/ | /ioŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭĕn$^X$/ | /jĭĕn$^H$/ | /jĭwoŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯ĕn$^X$/ | /i̯ĕn$^H$/ | /i̯woŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǐn | yìn | yòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jan$^5$ | jan$^6$ | jung$^6$ |

### Verb

引用
* to quote; to cite
* (Classical) to recommend and appoint
    From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
    Gù yǐnyòng tiānxià míngshì. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* (to quote):
* 引證／引证 (yǐnzhèng)
* 徵引／征引 (zhēngyǐn)
* 援引 (yuányǐn)
* 援用 (yuányòng)
* 據／据 (literary)
* 稱引／称引 (chēngyǐn) (literary)
* (to recommend and appoint):
* 任命 (rènmìng)
* 任用 (rènyòng)
* 委任 (wěirèn)
* 委派 (wěipài)
* 委用 (wěiyòng) (formal)
* 錄用／录用 (lùyòng)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 引用(いんよう) (in'yō)
* → Korean: 인용(引用) (inyong)

### Noun

引用
* (programming) reference
    引用類型／引用类型 ― yǐnyòng lèixíng ― reference type

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 引 | 用 |
| いん Grade: 2 | よう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

引(いん)用(よう) • (in'yō)
* quotation
* citation

#### Derived terms

* 引用符

### Verb

引(いん)用(よう)する • (in'yō suru) transitive suru (stem 引(いん)用(よう)し (in'yō shi), past 引(いん)用(よう)した (in'yō shita))
* quote, cite

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 引用し | いんようし | in'yō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 引用し | いんようし | in'yō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 引用する | いんようする | in'yō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 引用する | いんようする | in'yō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 引用すれ | いんようすれ | in'yō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 引用せよ¹ 引用しろ² | いんようせよ¹ いんようしろ² | in'yō seyo¹ in'yō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 引用される | いんようされる | in'yō sareru |
| Causative | 引用させる 引用さす | いんようさせる いんようさす | in'yō saseru in'yō sasu |
| Potential | 引用できる | いんようできる | in'yō dekiru |
| Volitional | 引用しよう | いんようしよう | in'yō shiyō |
| Negative | 引用しない | いんようしない | in'yō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 引用せず | いんようせず | in'yō sezu |
| Formal | 引用します | いんようします | in'yō shimasu |
| Perfective | 引用した | いんようした | in'yō shita |
| Conjunctive | 引用して | いんようして | in'yō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 引用すれば | いんようすれば | in'yō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* Kitahara, Yasuo, editor (2002), 明鏡国語辞典 [Meikyō Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Taishūkan Shoten, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.