# 礤

| 礤 | U+7924, &#31012; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7924 |
| ← 礣 [U+7923] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 礥 → [U+7925] |

## Translingual
### Han character

礤 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+14, 19 strokes, cangjie input 一口廿月火 (MRTBF), four-corner 1469$_1$, composition ⿰石蔡)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 838, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24555
* Dae Jaweon: page 1255, character 15
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2461, character 2
* Unihan data for U+7924

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 蔡 | *sʰlaːds |
| 瘵 | *ʔsreːds |
| 祭 | *ʔsreːds, *ʔsleds |
| 際 | *ʔsleds |
| 穄 | *ʔsleds |
| 鰶 | *ʔsleds |
| 傺 | *hr'eds |
| 摖 | *sʰleːds |
| 擦 | *sʰlaːd |
| 攃 | *sʰlaːd, *saːd |
| 礤 | *sʰlaːd |
| 察 | *sʰreːd |
| 詧 | *sʰreːd, *sʰeːd |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cǎ, cā (ca$^3$, ca$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄚˇ, ㄘㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caat$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhoah / chhat
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cǎ
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻa$^3$
*** Yale: tsǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaa
*** Palladius: ца (ca)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰä²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cā
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ca
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻa$^1$
*** Yale: tsā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsa
*** Palladius: ца (ca)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caat$^3$
*** Yale: chaat
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaat$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cad$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːt̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhoah / chhat
*** Tâi-lô: tshuah / tshat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoaq, zhad
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰuaʔ³²/, /t͡sʰat̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰuaʔ⁵/, /t͡sʰat̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰuaʔ³²/, /t͡sʰat̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰuaʔ³²/, /t͡sʰat̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰuaʔ³²/, /t͡sʰat̚³²/
* chhoah - “grater; to grate” (colloquial);
* chhat - (literary).
* Middle Chinese: tshat
Rime :
| Character | 礤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 曷 (63) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 七曷切 |
| Baxter | tshat |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ca |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caat$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰlaːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 礤 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5847 |
| Phonetic component | 祭 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 攃 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰlaːd/ |
| Notes | 集韻同攃 |

### Definitions

礤
* grater; shredder; grindstone (kitchen implement for grating fruits and vegetables)
* to rub; to grate; to wipe; to scrape
* (literary) coarse stone

#### Compounds

* 冰礤 (Min Nan)
* 礤仔 (Min Nan)
* 礤冰 (Min Nan)
* 礤床 (cǎchuáng)
* 礤床兒／礤床儿 (cǎchuángr)
* 礤簽／礤签 (Min Nan)
* 礤霜 (Min Nan)
* 簽礤／签礤 (Min Nan)
* 菜礤 (Min Nan)
* 霜礤 (Min Nan)

### References

* “Entry #12985”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
* 周长楫 [Zhou, Changji], editor (2006), “礤 [tshuah$^8$]”, in 闽南方言大词典 MINNAN FANGYAN DA CIDIAN [Dictionary of Southern Min dialects] (overall work in Hokkien and Mandarin), Fuzhou: 福建人民出版社 [Fujian People's Publishing House], →ISBN, page 671.
* 郭于中 (host) (2019 June 5) 台視台語新聞逐工一字 介紹「礤」（tshuah）‎ (in Min Nan), 台視新聞.