# 諫

| 諫 | U+8AEB, &#35563; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8AEB |
| ← 諪 [U+8AEA] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 諬 → [U+8AEC] |

## Translingual

| Traditional | 諫 |
| Shinjitai (extended) | 諌 |
| Simplified | 谏 |

### Han character

諫 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+9, 16 strokes, cangjie input 卜口木田火 (YRDWF), four-corner 0569$_6$, composition ⿰訁柬)

#### Derived characters

* 𫋨, 𠣂

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1170, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35724
* Dae Jaweon: page 1636, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3995, character 9
* Unihan data for U+8AEB

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 諫 :
| Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 蘭 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 攔 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 欄 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 瀾 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːns |
| 讕 | *ɡ·raːn, *ɡ·raːnʔ, *ɡ·raːns |
| 闌 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 韊 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 幱 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 籣 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 躝 | *ɡ·raːn |
| 爛 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 爤 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 鑭 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 糷 | *ɡ·raːns |
| 斕 | *ɡ·reːn |
| 揀 | *kreːnʔ, *ɡ·reːns |
| 柬 | *kreːnʔ |
| 暕 | *kreːnʔ |
| 諫 | *kraːns |
| 練 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 鍊 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 煉 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 楝 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 萰 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 堜 | *ɡ·reːns |
| 湅 | *ɡ·reːns |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kraːns) : semantic 言 (“say”) + phonetic 柬 (OC *kreːnʔ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàn (jian$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaan$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gang$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$ci; $^5$e
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàn
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^4$
*** Yale: jyàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiann
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaan$^3$
*** Yale: gaan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːn³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàn
*** Tâi-lô: kàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaxn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kan²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kan⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kan²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kan¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kan²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kàng
*** Sinological IPA : /kaŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$ci; $^5$e
*** MiniDict: ci$^去$; e$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$ji; $^2$e
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕi³⁴/, /e³⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kaenH
Rime :
| Character | 諫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 刪 (69) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古晏切 |
| Baxter | kaenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠan$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚan$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɐn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kaɨn$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kan$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kan$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kan$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaan$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤranʔ(-s)/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kraːns/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 諫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiàn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kaen$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁranʔ(-s)/ (~ *kˁranʔ) |
| English | admonish |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 諫 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6140 |
| Phonetic component | 柬 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 諫 |
| Old Chinese | /*kraːns/ |

### Definitions

諫
* to remonstrate; to admonish

#### Compounds

* 主文譎諫／主文谲谏
* 兵諫／兵谏 (bīngjiàn)
* 切諫／切谏
* 勸諫／劝谏 (quànjiàn)
* 大諫／大谏
* 大諫章／大谏章
* 尸諫
* 幾諫／几谏
* 強諫／强谏
* 從諫如流／从谏如流
* 忠諫／忠谏
* 愎諫／愎谏
* 拒諫飾非／拒谏饰非
* 杜諫／杜谏
* 正言直諫／正言直谏
* 犯顏苦諫／犯颜苦谏
* 百諫圖／百谏图
* 直言極諫／直言极谏
* 直言正諫／直言正谏
* 直諫／直谏 (zhíjiàn)
* 筆諫／笔谏
* 箴諫／箴谏
* 納諫／纳谏
* 納諫如流／纳谏如流
* 苦諫／苦谏
* 規諫／规谏 (guījiàn)
* 諍諫／诤谏 (zhèngjiàn)
* 諫勸／谏劝
* 諫官／谏官
* 諫書／谏书
* 諫爭如流／谏争如流
* 諫而剖腹／谏而剖腹
* 諫臣／谏臣
* 諫草／谏草
* 諫言／谏言 (jiànyán)
* 諫訓／谏训 (jiànxùn)
* 諫諍／谏诤 (jiànzhèng)
* 諷諫／讽谏 (fěngjiàn)
* 諫議／谏议 (jiànyì)
* 諫議大夫／谏议大夫 (jiànyì dàfū)
* 諫逐客書／谏逐客书
* 諫過／谏过
* 諫阻／谏阻
* 諫院／谏院
* 諫章／谏章
* 諫鼓／谏鼓
* 譎諫／谲谏
* 進諫／进谏 (jìnjiàn)
* 飾非拒諫／饰非拒谏

### References

* “諫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese

| Shinjitai (extended) | 諌 |
| Kyūjitai | 諫 |

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 諌)

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: いさめる (isameru, 諫める)
* Nanori: いさむ (isamu)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 諫
* かん Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 諫 (MC kaenH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kã̠ɴ]

### Noun

諫(かん) • (kan)
* admonition

### Affix

諫(かん) • (kan)
* admonish
* dissuade

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

諫 (eum 간 (gan))
* remonstrate
* admonish

## Vietnamese
### Han character

諫: Hán Nôm readings: gián
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.