# 後來居上
## Chinese

| | | later; later on; afterwardslater; later on; afterwards; people with less experience; younger generation | reside | up; on; on topup; on; on top; upon; first; previous or last; upper; higher; above; previous; to climb; to go into; to go up |
| trad. (後來居上) | trad. (後來居上) | 後來 | 居 | 上 |
| simp. (后来居上) | simp. (后来居上) | 后来 | 居 | 上 |
| Literally: “late-comer is positioned above”. |||||

### Etymology

From a sarcastic comment by Ji An (汲黯) to the Emperor Wu of Han:
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Bìxià yòng qúnchén rú jīxīn ěr, hòu lái zhě jū shàng. [Pinyin]
    The way Your Majesty manages your ministers is like nothing but keeping firewood in a pile: it is the late-comers that get the top position.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hòuláijūshàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄞˊ ㄐㄩ ㄕㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hau$^6$ loi$^4$ geoi$^1$ soeng$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘-lâi-ku-siōng / hō͘-lâi-ki-siōng / āu-lâi-ki-siāng / āu-lâi-ku-siōng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hòuláijūshàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄡˋ ㄌㄞˊ ㄐㄩ ㄕㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hòuláijyushàng
*** Wade–Giles: hou$^4$-lai$^2$-chü$^1$-shang$^4$
*** Yale: hòu-lái-jyū-shàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: howlaijiushanq
*** Palladius: хоулайцзюйшан (xoulajczjujšan)
*** Sinological IPA : /xoʊ̯⁵¹ laɪ̯³⁵ t͡ɕy⁵⁵ ʂɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hau$^6$ loi$^4$ geoi$^1$ soeng$^5$
*** Yale: hauh lòih gēui séuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hau$^6$ loi$^4$ goey$^1$ soeng$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heo$^6$ loi$^4$ gêu$^1$ sêng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐu̯²² lɔːi̯²¹ kɵy̯⁵⁵ sœːŋ¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘-lâi-ku-siōng
*** Tâi-lô: hōo-lâi-ku-siōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoxlai'kusiong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔ²²⁻²¹ lai²⁴⁻²² ku⁴⁴⁻²² siɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘-lâi-ki-siōng
*** Tâi-lô: hōo-lâi-ki-siōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoxlai'kisiong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³⁻²¹ lai²³⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: āu-lâi-ki-siāng
*** Tâi-lô: āu-lâi-ki-siāng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: auxlai'kisiang
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /au³³⁻²¹ lai²³⁻³³ ki⁴⁴⁻³³ siaŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: āu-lâi-ku-siōng
*** Tâi-lô: āu-lâi-ku-siōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: auxlai'kusiong
*** IPA (Taipei): /au³³⁻¹¹ lai²⁴⁻¹¹ ku⁴⁴⁻³³ siɔŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: huwX|huwH loj kjo dzyangH
Rime :
| Character | 後 | 後 | 來 | 居 | 上 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) | 來 (37) | 見 (28) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 侯 (137) | 咍 (41) | 魚 (22) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | I | III | III |
| Fanqie | 胡口切 | 胡遘切 | 洛哀切 | 九魚切 | 時亮切 |
| Baxter | huwX | huwH | loj | kjo | dzyangH |
| Reconstructions ||||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦəu$^X$/ | /ɦəu$^H$/ | /lʌi/ | /kɨʌ/ | /d͡ʑɨɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦəu$^X$/ | /ɦəu$^H$/ | /ləi/ | /kiɔ/ | /d͡ʑiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣəu$^X$/ | /ɣəu$^H$/ | /lɒi/ | /kiɔ/ | /d͡ʑiɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦəw$^X$/ | /ɦəw$^H$/ | /ləj/ | /kɨə̆/ | /d͡ʑɨaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣu$^X$/ | /ɣu$^H$/ | /lᴀi/ | /kiɔ/ | /ʑiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣəu$^X$/ | /ɣəu$^H$/ | /lɒi/ | /kĭo/ | /ʑĭaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣə̯u$^X$/ | /ɣə̯u$^H$/ | /lɑ̆i/ | /ki̯wo/ | /ʑi̯aŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hòu | hòu | lái | jū | shàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hau$^6$ | hau$^6$ | loi$^4$ | geoi$^1$ | soeng$^6$ |

### Idiom

後來居上
* the up-and-coming youngster outstrips the older generation; the pupil surpasses the master