# cisha
## Zulu
### Verb

-císha
* (transitive) to extinguish (fire), to put out (light), to quench
* (transitive) to assuage (thirst etc.)
* (transitive) to switch off, to turn off
    Synonym: -cima

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukucisha |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukucisha | ukungacishi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | cisha | -cishe |
| Plural | cishani | -cisheni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyacisha, ngicisha | engicishayo, engicisha | ngicisha | angicishi | engingacishi | ngingacishi |
| 2nd singular | uyacisha, ucisha | ocishayo, ocisha | ucisha | awucishi | ongacishi | ungacishi |
| 1st plural | siyacisha, sicisha | esicishayo, esicisha | sicisha | asicishi | esingacishi | singacishi |
| 2nd plural | niyacisha, nicisha | enicishayo, enicisha | nicisha | anicishi | eningacishi | ningacishi |
| Class 1 | uyacisha, ucisha | ocishayo, ocisha | ecisha | akacishi | ongacishi | engacishi |
| Class 2 | bayacisha, bacisha | abacishayo, abacisha | becisha | abacishi | abangacishi | bengacishi |
| Class 3 | uyacisha, ucisha | ocishayo, ocisha | ucisha | awucishi | ongacishi | ungacishi |
| Class 4 | iyacisha, icisha | ecishayo, ecisha | icisha | ayicishi | engacishi | ingacishi |
| Class 5 | liyacisha, licisha | elicishayo, elicisha | licisha | alicishi | elingacishi | lingacishi |
| Class 6 | ayacisha, acisha | acishayo, acisha | ecisha | awacishi | angacishi | engacishi |
| Class 7 | siyacisha, sicisha | esicishayo, esicisha | sicisha | asicishi | esingacishi | singacishi |
| Class 8 | ziyacisha, zicisha | ezicishayo, ezicisha | zicisha | azicishi | ezingacishi | zingacishi |
| Class 9 | iyacisha, icisha | ecishayo, ecisha | icisha | ayicishi | engacishi | ingacishi |
| Class 10 | ziyacisha, zicisha | ezicishayo, ezicisha | zicisha | azicishi | ezingacishi | zingacishi |
| Class 11 | luyacisha, lucisha | olucishayo, olucisha | lucisha | alucishi | olungacishi | lungacishi |
| Class 14 | buyacisha, bucisha | obucishayo, obucisha | bucisha | abucishi | obungacishi | bungacishi |
| Class 15 | kuyacisha, kucisha | okucishayo, okucisha | kucisha | akucishi | okungacishi | kungacishi |
| Class 17 | kuyacisha, kucisha | okucishayo, okucisha | kucisha | akucishi | okungacishi | kungacishi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngicishile, ngicishē | engicishile, engicishē | ngicishile, ngicishē | angicishanga | engingacishanga | ngingacishanga |
| 2nd singular | ucishile, ucishē | ocishile, ocishē | ucishile, ucishē | awucishanga | ongacishanga | ungacishanga |
| 1st plural | sicishile, sicishē | esicishile, esicishē | sicishile, sicishē | asicishanga | esingacishanga | singacishanga |
| 2nd plural | nicishile, nicishē | enicishile, enicishē | nicishile, nicishē | anicishanga | eningacishanga | ningacishanga |
| Class 1 | ucishile, ucishē | ocishile, ocishē | ecishile, ecishē | akacishanga | ongacishanga | engacishanga |
| Class 2 | bacishile, bacishē | abacishile, abacishē | becishile, becishē | abacishanga | abangacishanga | bengacishanga |
| Class 3 | ucishile, ucishē | ocishile, ocishē | ucishile, ucishē | awucishanga | ongacishanga | ungacishanga |
| Class 4 | icishile, icishē | ecishile, ecishē | icishile, icishē | ayicishanga | engacishanga | ingacishanga |
| Class 5 | licishile, licishē | elicishile, elicishē | licishile, licishē | alicishanga | elingacishanga | lingacishanga |
| Class 6 | acishile, acishē | acishile, acishē | ecishile, ecishē | awacishanga | angacishanga | engacishanga |
| Class 7 | sicishile, sicishē | esicishile, esicishē | sicishile, sicishē | asicishanga | esingacishanga | singacishanga |
| Class 8 | zicishile, zicishē | ezicishile, ezicishē | zicishile, zicishē | azicishanga | ezingacishanga | zingacishanga |
| Class 9 | icishile, icishē | ecishile, ecishē | icishile, icishē | ayicishanga | engacishanga | ingacishanga |
| Class 10 | zicishile, zicishē | ezicishile, ezicishē | zicishile, zicishē | azicishanga | ezingacishanga | zingacishanga |
| Class 11 | lucishile, lucishē | olucishile, olucishē | lucishile, lucishē | alucishanga | olungacishanga | lungacishanga |
| Class 14 | bucishile, bucishē | obucishile, obucishē | bucishile, bucishē | abucishanga | obungacishanga | bungacishanga |
| Class 15 | kucishile, kucishē | okucishile, okucishē | kucishile, kucishē | akucishanga | okungacishanga | kungacishanga |
| Class 17 | kucishile, kucishē | okucishile, okucishē | kucishile, kucishē | akucishanga | okungacishanga | kungacishanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngācisha | engācisha | ngācisha | angicishanga | engingacishanga | ngingacishanga |
| 2nd singular | wācisha | owācisha | wācisha | awucishanga | ongacishanga | ungacishanga |
| 1st plural | sācisha | esācisha | sācisha | asicishanga | esingacishanga | singacishanga |
| 2nd plural | nācisha | enācisha | nācisha | anicishanga | eningacishanga | ningacishanga |
| Class 1 | wācisha | owācisha | ācisha | akacishanga | ongacishanga | engacishanga |
| Class 2 | bācisha | abācisha | bācisha | abacishanga | abangacishanga | bengacishanga |
| Class 3 | wācisha | owācisha | wācisha | awucishanga | ongacishanga | ungacishanga |
| Class 4 | yācisha | eyācisha | yācisha | ayicishanga | engacishanga | ingacishanga |
| Class 5 | lācisha | elācisha | lācisha | alicishanga | elingacishanga | lingacishanga |
| Class 6 | ācisha | ācisha | ācisha | awacishanga | angacishanga | engacishanga |
| Class 7 | sācisha | esācisha | sācisha | asicishanga | esingacishanga | singacishanga |
| Class 8 | zācisha | ezācisha | zācisha | azicishanga | ezingacishanga | zingacishanga |
| Class 9 | yācisha | eyācisha | yācisha | ayicishanga | engacishanga | ingacishanga |
| Class 10 | zācisha | ezācisha | zācisha | azicishanga | ezingacishanga | zingacishanga |
| Class 11 | lwācisha | olwācisha | lwācisha | alucishanga | olungacishanga | lungacishanga |
| Class 14 | bācisha | obācisha | bācisha | abucishanga | obungacishanga | bungacishanga |
| Class 15 | kwācisha | okwācisha | kwācisha | akucishanga | okungacishanga | kungacishanga |
| Class 17 | kwācisha | okwācisha | kwācisha | akucishanga | okungacishanga | kungacishanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingacisha | — | ngingacisha | ngingecishe | — | ngingecishe |
| 2nd singular | ungacisha | — | ungacisha | ungecishe | — | ungecishe |
| 1st plural | singacisha | — | singacisha | singecishe | — | singecishe |
| 2nd plural | ningacisha | — | ningacisha | ningecishe | — | ningecishe |
| Class 1 | angacisha | — | engacisha | angecishe | — | engecishe |
| Class 2 | bangacisha | — | bengacisha | bangecishe | — | bengecishe |
| Class 3 | ungacisha | — | ungacisha | ungecishe | — | ungecishe |
| Class 4 | ingacisha | — | ingacisha | ingecishe | — | ingecishe |
| Class 5 | lingacisha | — | lingacisha | lingecishe | — | lingecishe |
| Class 6 | angacisha | — | engacisha | angecishe | — | engecishe |
| Class 7 | singacisha | — | singacisha | singecishe | — | singecishe |
| Class 8 | zingacisha | — | zingacisha | zingecishe | — | zingecishe |
| Class 9 | ingacisha | — | ingacisha | ingecishe | — | ingecishe |
| Class 10 | zingacisha | — | zingacisha | zingecishe | — | zingecishe |
| Class 11 | lungacisha | — | lungacisha | lungecishe | — | lungecishe |
| Class 14 | bungacisha | — | bungacisha | bungecishe | — | bungecishe |
| Class 15 | kungacisha | — | kungacisha | kungecishe | — | kungecishe |
| Class 17 | kungacisha | — | kungacisha | kungecishe | — | kungecishe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizocisha | engizocisha | ngizocisha | angizucisha | engingezucisha | ngingezucisha |
| 2nd singular | uzocisha | ozocisha | uzocisha | awuzucisha | ongezucisha | ungezucisha |
| 1st plural | sizocisha | esizocisha | sizocisha | asizucisha | esingezucisha | singezucisha |
| 2nd plural | nizocisha | enizocisha | nizocisha | anizucisha | eningezucisha | ningezucisha |
| Class 1 | uzocisha | ozocisha | ezocisha | akazucisha | ongezucisha | engezucisha |
| Class 2 | bazocisha | abazocisha | bezocisha | abazucisha | abangezucisha | bengezucisha |
| Class 3 | uzocisha | ozocisha | uzocisha | awuzucisha | ongezucisha | ungezucisha |
| Class 4 | izocisha | ezocisha | izocisha | ayizucisha | engezucisha | ingezucisha |
| Class 5 | lizocisha | elizocisha | lizocisha | alizucisha | elingezucisha | lingezucisha |
| Class 6 | azocisha | azocisha | ezocisha | awazucisha | angezucisha | engezucisha |
| Class 7 | sizocisha | esizocisha | sizocisha | asizucisha | esingezucisha | singezucisha |
| Class 8 | zizocisha | ezizocisha | zizocisha | azizucisha | ezingezucisha | zingezucisha |
| Class 9 | izocisha | ezocisha | izocisha | ayizucisha | engezucisha | ingezucisha |
| Class 10 | zizocisha | ezizocisha | zizocisha | azizucisha | ezingezucisha | zingezucisha |
| Class 11 | luzocisha | oluzocisha | luzocisha | aluzucisha | olungezucisha | lungezucisha |
| Class 14 | buzocisha | obuzocisha | buzocisha | abuzucisha | obungezucisha | bungezucisha |
| Class 15 | kuzocisha | okuzocisha | kuzocisha | akuzucisha | okungezucisha | kungezucisha |
| Class 17 | kuzocisha | okuzocisha | kuzocisha | akuzucisha | okungezucisha | kungezucisha |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyocisha | engiyocisha | ngiyocisha | angiyucisha | engingeyucisha | ngingeyucisha |
| 2nd singular | uyocisha | oyocisha | uyocisha | awuyucisha | ongeyucisha | ungeyucisha |
| 1st plural | siyocisha | esiyocisha | siyocisha | asiyucisha | esingeyucisha | singeyucisha |
| 2nd plural | niyocisha | eniyocisha | niyocisha | aniyucisha | eningeyucisha | ningeyucisha |
| Class 1 | uyocisha | oyocisha | eyocisha | akayucisha | ongeyucisha | engeyucisha |
| Class 2 | bayocisha | abayocisha | beyocisha | abayucisha | abangeyucisha | bengeyucisha |
| Class 3 | uyocisha | oyocisha | uyocisha | awuyucisha | ongeyucisha | ungeyucisha |
| Class 4 | iyocisha | eyocisha | iyocisha | ayiyucisha | engeyucisha | ingeyucisha |
| Class 5 | liyocisha | eliyocisha | liyocisha | aliyucisha | elingeyucisha | lingeyucisha |
| Class 6 | ayocisha | ayocisha | eyocisha | awayucisha | angeyucisha | engeyucisha |
| Class 7 | siyocisha | esiyocisha | siyocisha | asiyucisha | esingeyucisha | singeyucisha |
| Class 8 | ziyocisha | eziyocisha | ziyocisha | aziyucisha | ezingeyucisha | zingeyucisha |
| Class 9 | iyocisha | eyocisha | iyocisha | ayiyucisha | engeyucisha | ingeyucisha |
| Class 10 | ziyocisha | eziyocisha | ziyocisha | aziyucisha | ezingeyucisha | zingeyucisha |
| Class 11 | luyocisha | oluyocisha | luyocisha | aluyucisha | olungeyucisha | lungeyucisha |
| Class 14 | buyocisha | obuyocisha | buyocisha | abuyucisha | obungeyucisha | bungeyucisha |
| Class 15 | kuyocisha | okuyocisha | kuyocisha | akuyucisha | okungeyucisha | kungeyucisha |
| Class 17 | kuyocisha | okuyocisha | kuyocisha | akuyucisha | okungeyucisha | kungeyucisha |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngicishe | ngingacishi |
| 2nd singular | ucishe | ungacishi |
| 1st plural | sicishe | singacishi |
| 2nd plural | nicishe | ningacishi |
| Class 1 | acishe | angacishi |
| Class 2 | bacishe | bangacishi |
| Class 3 | ucishe | ungacishi |
| Class 4 | icishe | ingacishi |
| Class 5 | licishe | lingacishi |
| Class 6 | acishe | angacishi |
| Class 7 | sicishe | singacishi |
| Class 8 | zicishe | zingacishi |
| Class 9 | icishe | ingacishi |
| Class 10 | zicishe | zingacishi |
| Class 11 | lucishe | lungacishi |
| Class 14 | bucishe | bungacishi |
| Class 15 | kucishe | kungacishi |
| Class 17 | kucishe | kungacishi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngacisha | ngangacisha, angacisha, angangacisha |
| 2nd singular | wacisha | wangacisha, awacisha, awangacisha |
| 1st plural | sacisha | sangacisha, asacisha, asangacisha |
| 2nd plural | nacisha | nangacisha, anacisha, anangacisha |
| Class 1 | wacisha | wangacisha, akacisha, akangacisha |
| Class 2 | bacisha | bangacisha, abacisha, abangacisha |
| Class 3 | wacisha | wangacisha, awacisha, awangacisha |
| Class 4 | yacisha | yangacisha, ayacisha, ayangacisha |
| Class 5 | lacisha | langacisha, alacisha, alangacisha |
| Class 6 | acisha | angacisha, awacisha, awangacisha |
| Class 7 | sacisha | sangacisha, asacisha, asangacisha |
| Class 8 | zacisha | zangacisha, azacisha, azangacisha |
| Class 9 | yacisha | yangacisha, ayacisha, ayangacisha |
| Class 10 | zacisha | zangacisha, azacisha, azangacisha |
| Class 11 | lwacisha | lwangacisha, alwacisha, alwangacisha |
| Class 14 | bacisha | bangacisha, abacisha, abangacisha |
| Class 15 | kwacisha | kwangacisha, akwacisha, akwangacisha |
| Class 17 | kwacisha | kwangacisha, akwacisha, akwangacisha |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “cisha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “cisha (3.9)”