# 憤慨
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fènkǎi
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ㄎㄞˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^5$ koi$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hùn-khài / hún-khài
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^3$ kai$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fènkǎi
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ㄎㄞˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fènkǎi
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^4$-kʻai$^3$
*** Yale: fèn-kǎi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fennkae
*** Palladius: фэнькай (fɛnʹkaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵¹ kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^5$ koi$^3$
*** Yale: fáhn koi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^5$ koi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^5$ koi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn¹³ kʰɔːi̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hùn-khài
*** Tâi-lô: hùn-khài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huonqaix
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰai⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hun¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰai¹¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun²¹⁻⁵³ kʰai²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰai²¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hún-khài
*** Tâi-lô: hún-khài
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hwnqaix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ kʰai²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hung$^3$ kai$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hùng khài
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰai²¹³/

### Verb

憤慨
* to hate; to resent

#### Synonyms

* 仇恨 (chóuhèn)
* 作嘔／作呕 (zuò'ǒu) (figurative)
* 厭恨／厌恨 (yànhèn)
* 厭惡／厌恶 (yànwù)
* 唾棄／唾弃 (tuòqì)
* 嫌惡／嫌恶 (xiánwù)
* 嫌憎 (xiánzēng)
* 怨恨 (yuànhèn)
* 恨怒 (hènnù) (literary)
* 恚恨 (huìhèn) (literary)
* 惡嫌／恶嫌 (wùxián) (literary)
* 悵恨／怅恨 (chànghèn) (literary, to be disappointed and resentful)
* 慍恚／愠恚 (yùnhuì) (literary)
* 憤恨／愤恨 (fènhèn)
* 憎恨 (zēnghèn)
* 憎惡／憎恶
* 憤毒／愤毒 (fèndú) (literary)
* 煩惡／烦恶 (fánwù)
* 痛恨 (tònghèn)
* 討厭／讨厌 (tǎoyàn)
* 鄙棄／鄙弃 (bǐqì)

### Adjective

憤慨
* resentful; indignant

#### Synonyms

* 不平 (bùpíng)
* 不滿／不满 (bùmǎn)
* 受氣／受气 (siū-khì) (Hokkien, Teochew)
* 嬲 (Cantonese)
* 嬲爆爆 (nau$^1$ baau$^3$ baau$^3$) (Cantonese)
* 怒 (nù) (literary, or in compounds)
* 怒憤／怒愤 (nùfèn) (literary)
* 悻悻 (xìngxìng) (literary)
* 悻然 (xìngrán) (literary)
* 憤怒／愤怒 (fènnù)
* 憤懣／愤懑 (fènmèn)
* 氣呼呼／气呼呼 (qìhūhū)
* 氣奪奪／气夺夺 (Hokkien)
* 氣怫怫／气怫怫 (Hokkien)
* 氣憤／气愤 (qìfèn)
* 氣掣掣／气掣掣 (Hokkien)
* 氣沖沖／气冲冲 (qìchōngchōng)
* 激心 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 火大 (huǒdà)
* 生氣／生气 (shēngqì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 憤 | 慨 |
| ふん Grade: S | がい Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 憤慨 (kyūjitai)

### Noun

憤(ふん)慨(がい) • (fungai)
* resentment, indignation

### Verb

憤(ふん)慨(がい)する • (fungai suru) suru (stem 憤(ふん)慨(がい)し (fungai shi), past 憤(ふん)慨(がい)した (fungai shita))
* to resent

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 憤慨し | ふんがいし | fungai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 憤慨し | ふんがいし | fungai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 憤慨する | ふんがいする | fungai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 憤慨する | ふんがいする | fungai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 憤慨すれ | ふんがいすれ | fungai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 憤慨せよ¹ 憤慨しろ² | ふんがいせよ¹ ふんがいしろ² | fungai seyo¹ fungai shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 憤慨される | ふんがいされる | fungai sareru |
| Causative | 憤慨させる 憤慨さす | ふんがいさせる ふんがいさす | fungai saseru fungai sasu |
| Potential | 憤慨できる | ふんがいできる | fungai dekiru |
| Volitional | 憤慨しよう | ふんがいしよう | fungai shiyō |
| Negative | 憤慨しない | ふんがいしない | fungai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 憤慨せず | ふんがいせず | fungai sezu |
| Formal | 憤慨します | ふんがいします | fungai shimasu |
| Perfective | 憤慨した | ふんがいした | fungai shita |
| Conjunctive | 憤慨して | ふんがいして | fungai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 憤慨すれば | ふんがいすれば | fungai sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 憤 | 慨 |

### Noun

憤慨 • (bun'gae) (hangeul 분개)
* hanja form of 분개 (“resentment, indignation”)