# adágathar
## Old Irish
### Alternative forms

* ad·ágadar, ad·áigethar

### Etymology

From ad- + Proto-Celtic *āgītor, originally a perfect-only verb *āgetor (“to have become afraid”) and later adapted to the weak conjugation (class A II). From Proto-Indo-European *h₂eh₂ógʰe (“to be upset, afraid”), from *h₂egʰ-. Compare Gothic 𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃 (agis), 𐍉𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ōgan); Old English eġe; Ancient Greek ἄχος (ákhos, “pain, grief”), ἄχνυμαι (ákhnumai, “I grieve”).
Forms with unpalatalized -ág- throughout the paradigm are regular, despite this verb being an A II verb. This is because the vowel á in the stem regularly suppressed word-internal non-syncope palatalization of a following consonant. The fact that this is an i-stem (A II) verb is revealed by the palatalization in the s-preterite forms. Forms with -áig- in the present indicative were palatalized analogically.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aðˈaːɣaθar/, /aðˈaːɣaðar/

### Verb

ad·ágathar (prototonic ·ágathar, verbal noun áigthiu or áigsiu)
* to fear, to dread, to stand in awe of
** For quotations using this term, see Citations:adágathar.

#### Conjugation

| | | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. |
| Present indicative | Deut. | ad·águr | | ad·ágathar, ad·ágadar, ad·áigethar | ad·ágammar | ad·áigetar | ad·áigther | |
| Present indicative | Prot. | ·águr, ·ágor | | ·ágathar, ·áigethar, ·ágether | ·ágammar | ·ágetar, ·áigetar | ·áigther | ·áigter |
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | ad·ágain, ad·ágainn | | | | | | |
| Imperfect indicative | Prot. | ·ágainn | | | | ·áigtis | | |
| Preterite | Deut. | | | ad·ágastar, ad·áigestar, ad·áig | ad·áigsem | | | |
| Preterite | Prot. | | | ·ágastar, ·áigestar, ·áig | | ·áigset, ·áigsetar | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | | | ad·ráigestar | ad·ráigsemmar | ad·ráigset, ad·ráigsetar, ad·ráichsetar | | |
| Perfect | Prot. | | | ·ráigestar | ·ráigsemmar | ·ráigset, ·ráigsetar | | |
| Future | Deut. | ad·áichfer | | ad·áichfethar, ad·áichfedar | | | | |
| Future | Prot. | ·áichfer | | ·áichfethar | | ·áichfetar | | |
| Conditional | Deut. | | | | | | | |
| Conditional | Prot. | | | | ·áichfimis | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | | ad·áigther | | | | | |
| Present subjunctive | Prot. | | ·áigther, ·áigder, ·áigither; ·ágais | ·ágathar | | ·áigset | | |
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | ad·ágainn | | | | | | |
| Past subjunctive | Prot. | ·ágainn; ·áigsinn, ·ágsainn | | ·ágsad | | | ·áigthe | |
| Imperative | Imperative | | áigthe, áig | | ágam, ágamar | ágatar | | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | áigthiu, áigsiu | | | | | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | | | | | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | | | | | | | |

#### Related terms

* ágasta, áigesta (“to be feared, fearful, dreadful”)
* áigsech, áigthech (“terrifying, dreadful”)

### References

* ↑ Schumacher, Stefan, Schulze-Thulin, Britta (2004) “*āg-/*āg-”, in Die keltischen Primärverben: ein vergleichendes, etymologisches und morphologisches Lexikon [The Celtic Primary Verbs: A comparative, etymological and morphological lexicon] (Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft; 110) (in German), Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck, →ISBN, page 206

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “ad·ágathar”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language