# ethwasa
## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

IPA: /etʰwaːsa/

### Verb

-ethwása
* to emerge anew (of a season, new moon, or personal state)

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukwethwasa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukwethwasa | ukungethwasi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | yethwasa | -ethwase |
| Plural | yethwasani | -ethwaseni |
| | Stative | Stative | Stative | Stative | Stative | Stative |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngethwese | engethwese | ngethwese | angethwese | engingethwese | ngingethwese |
| 2nd singular | wethwese | owethwese | wethwese | awethwese | ongethwese | ungethwese |
| 1st plural | sethwese | esethwese | sethwese | asethwese | esingethwese | singethwese |
| 2nd plural | nethwese | enethwese | nethwese | anethwese | eningethwese | ningethwese |
| Class 1 | wethwese | owethwese | ethwese | akethwese | ongethwese | engethwese |
| Class 2 | bethwese | abethwese | bethwese | abethwese | abangethwese | bengethwese |
| Class 3 | wethwese | owethwese | wethwese | awethwese | ongethwese | ongethwese |
| Class 4 | yethwese | eyethwese | yethwese | ayethwese | engethwese | ingethwese |
| Class 5 | lethwese | elethwese | lethwese | alethwese | elingethwese | lingethwese |
| Class 6 | ethwese | ethwese | ethwese | awethwese | angethwese | engethwese |
| Class 7 | sethwese | esethwese | sethwese | asethwese | esingethwese | singethwese |
| Class 8 | zethwese | ezethwese | zethwese | azethwese | ezingethwese | zingethwese |
| Class 9 | yethwese | eyethwese | yethwese | ayethwese | engethwese | ingethwese |
| Class 10 | zethwese | ezethwese | zethwese | azethwese | ezingethwese | zingethwese |
| Class 11 | lwethwese | olwethwese | lwethwese | alwethwese | olungethwese | lungethwese |
| Class 14 | bethwese | obethwese | bethwese | abethwese | obungethwese | bungethwese |
| Class 15 | kwethwese | okwethwese | kwethwese | akwethwese | okungethwese | kungethwese |
| Class 17 | kwethwese | okwethwese | kwethwese | akwethwese | okungethwese | kungethwese |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyethwasa, ngethwasa | engethwasayo, engethwasa | ngethwasa | angethwasi | engingethwasi | ngingethwasi |
| 2nd singular | uyethwasa, wethwasa | owethwasayo, owethwasa | wethwasa | awethwasi | ongethwasi | ungethwasi |
| 1st plural | siyethwasa, sethwasa | esethwasayo, esethwasa | sethwasa | asethwasi | esingethwasi | singethwasi |
| 2nd plural | niyethwasa, nethwasa | enethwasayo, enethwasa | nethwasa | anethwasi | eningethwasi | ningethwasi |
| Class 1 | uyethwasa, wethwasa | owethwasayo, owethwasa | ethwasa | akethwasi | ongethwasi | engethwasi |
| Class 2 | bayethwasa, bethwasa | abethwasayo, abethwasa | bethwasa | abethwasi | abangethwasi | bengethwasi |
| Class 3 | uyethwasa, wethwasa | owethwasayo, owethwasa | wethwasa | awethwasi | ongethwasi | ungethwasi |
| Class 4 | iyethwasa, yethwasa | eyethwasayo, eyethwasa | yethwasa | ayethwasi | engethwasi | ingethwasi |
| Class 5 | liyethwasa, lethwasa | elethwasayo, elethwasa | lethwasa | alethwasi | elingethwasi | lingethwasi |
| Class 6 | ayethwasa, ethwasa | ethwasayo, ethwasa | ethwasa | awethwasi | angethwasi | engethwasi |
| Class 7 | siyethwasa, sethwasa | esethwasayo, esethwasa | sethwasa | asethwasi | esingethwasi | singethwasi |
| Class 8 | ziyethwasa, zethwasa | ezethwasayo, ezethwasa | zethwasa | azethwasi | ezingethwasi | zingethwasi |
| Class 9 | iyethwasa, yethwasa | eyethwasayo, eyethwasa | yethwasa | ayethwasi | engethwasi | ingethwasi |
| Class 10 | ziyethwasa, zethwasa | ezethwasayo, ezethwasa | zethwasa | azethwasi | ezingethwasi | zingethwasi |
| Class 11 | luyethwasa, lwethwasa | olwethwasayo, olwethwasa | lwethwasa | alwethwasi | olungethwasi | lungethwasi |
| Class 14 | buyethwasa, bethwasa | obethwasayo, obethwasa | bethwasa | abethwasi | obungethwasi | bungethwasi |
| Class 15 | kuyethwasa, kwethwasa | okwethwasayo, okwethwasa | kwethwasa | akwethwasi | okungethwasi | kungethwasi |
| Class 17 | kuyethwasa, kwethwasa | okwethwasayo, okwethwasa | kwethwasa | akwethwasi | okungethwasi | kungethwasi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngethwasile, ngethwasē | engethwasile, engethwasē | ngethwasile, ngethwasē | angethwasanga | engingethwasanga | ngingethwasanga |
| 2nd singular | wethwasile, wethwasē | owethwasile, owethwasē | wethwasile, wethwasē | awethwasanga | ongethwasanga | ungethwasanga |
| 1st plural | sethwasile, sethwasē | esethwasile, esethwasē | sethwasile, sethwasē | asethwasanga | esingethwasanga | singethwasanga |
| 2nd plural | nethwasile, nethwasē | enethwasile, enethwasē | nethwasile, nethwasē | anethwasanga | eningethwasanga | ningethwasanga |
| Class 1 | wethwasile, wethwasē | owethwasile, owethwasē | ethwasile, ethwasē | akethwasanga | ongethwasanga | engethwasanga |
| Class 2 | bethwasile, bethwasē | abethwasile, abethwasē | bethwasile, bethwasē | abethwasanga | abangethwasanga | bengethwasanga |
| Class 3 | wethwasile, wethwasē | owethwasile, owethwasē | wethwasile, wethwasē | awethwasanga | ongethwasanga | ungethwasanga |
| Class 4 | yethwasile, yethwasē | eyethwasile, eyethwasē | yethwasile, yethwasē | ayethwasanga | engethwasanga | ingethwasanga |
| Class 5 | lethwasile, lethwasē | elethwasile, elethwasē | lethwasile, lethwasē | alethwasanga | elingethwasanga | lingethwasanga |
| Class 6 | ethwasile, ethwasē | ethwasile, ethwasē | ethwasile, ethwasē | awethwasanga | angethwasanga | engethwasanga |
| Class 7 | sethwasile, sethwasē | esethwasile, esethwasē | sethwasile, sethwasē | asethwasanga | esingethwasanga | singethwasanga |
| Class 8 | zethwasile, zethwasē | ezethwasile, ezethwasē | zethwasile, zethwasē | azethwasanga | ezingethwasanga | zingethwasanga |
| Class 9 | yethwasile, yethwasē | eyethwasile, eyethwasē | yethwasile, yethwasē | ayethwasanga | engethwasanga | ingethwasanga |
| Class 10 | zethwasile, zethwasē | ezethwasile, ezethwasē | zethwasile, zethwasē | azethwasanga | ezingethwasanga | zingethwasanga |
| Class 11 | lwethwasile, lwethwasē | olwethwasile, olwethwasē | lwethwasile, lwethwasē | alwethwasanga | olungethwasanga | lungethwasanga |
| Class 14 | bethwasile, bethwasē | obethwasile, obethwasē | bethwasile, bethwasē | abethwasanga | obungethwasanga | bungethwasanga |
| Class 15 | kwethwasile, kwethwasē | okwethwasile, okwethwasē | kwethwasile, kwethwasē | akwethwasanga | okungethwasanga | kungethwasanga |
| Class 17 | kwethwasile, kwethwasē | okwethwasile, okwethwasē | kwethwasile, kwethwasē | akwethwasanga | okungethwasanga | kungethwasanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngēthwasa | engēthwasa | ngēthwasa | angethwasanga | engingethwasanga | ngingethwasanga |
| 2nd singular | wēthwasa | owēthwasa | wēthwasa | awethwasanga | ongethwasanga | ungethwasanga |
| 1st plural | sēthwasa | esēthwasa | sēthwasa | asethwasanga | esingethwasanga | singethwasanga |
| 2nd plural | nēthwasa | enēthwasa | nēthwasa | anethwasanga | eningethwasanga | ningethwasanga |
| Class 1 | wēthwasa | owēthwasa | ēthwasa | akethwasanga | ongethwasanga | engethwasanga |
| Class 2 | bēthwasa | abēthwasa | bēthwasa | abethwasanga | abangethwasanga | bengethwasanga |
| Class 3 | wēthwasa | owēthwasa | wēthwasa | awethwasanga | ongethwasanga | ungethwasanga |
| Class 4 | yēthwasa | eyēthwasa | yēthwasa | ayethwasanga | engethwasanga | ingethwasanga |
| Class 5 | lēthwasa | elēthwasa | lēthwasa | alethwasanga | elingethwasanga | lingethwasanga |
| Class 6 | ēthwasa | ēthwasa | ēthwasa | awethwasanga | angethwasanga | engethwasanga |
| Class 7 | sēthwasa | esēthwasa | sēthwasa | asethwasanga | esingethwasanga | singethwasanga |
| Class 8 | zēthwasa | ezēthwasa | zēthwasa | azethwasanga | ezingethwasanga | zingethwasanga |
| Class 9 | yēthwasa | eyēthwasa | yēthwasa | ayethwasanga | engethwasanga | ingethwasanga |
| Class 10 | zēthwasa | ezēthwasa | zēthwasa | azethwasanga | ezingethwasanga | zingethwasanga |
| Class 11 | lwēthwasa | olwēthwasa | lwēthwasa | alwethwasanga | olungethwasanga | lungethwasanga |
| Class 14 | bēthwasa | obēthwasa | bēthwasa | abethwasanga | obungethwasanga | bungethwasanga |
| Class 15 | kwēthwasa | okwēthwasa | kwēthwasa | akwethwasanga | okungethwasanga | kungethwasanga |
| Class 17 | kwēthwasa | okwēthwasa | kwēthwasa | akwethwasanga | okungethwasanga | kungethwasanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingethwasa | — | ngingethwasa | ngingethwase | — | ngingethwase |
| 2nd singular | ungethwasa | — | ungethwasa | ungethwase | — | ungethwase |
| 1st plural | singethwasa | — | singethwasa | singethwase | — | singethwase |
| 2nd plural | ningethwasa | — | ningethwasa | ningethwase | — | ningethwase |
| Class 1 | angethwasa | — | engethwasa | angethwase | — | engethwase |
| Class 2 | bangethwasa | — | bengethwasa | bangethwase | — | bengethwase |
| Class 3 | ungethwasa | — | ungethwasa | ungethwase | — | ungethwase |
| Class 4 | ingethwasa | — | ingethwasa | ingethwase | — | ingethwase |
| Class 5 | lingethwasa | — | lingethwasa | lingethwase | — | lingethwase |
| Class 6 | angethwasa | — | engethwasa | angethwase | — | engethwase |
| Class 7 | singethwasa | — | singethwasa | singethwase | — | singethwase |
| Class 8 | zingethwasa | — | zingethwasa | zingethwase | — | zingethwase |
| Class 9 | ingethwasa | — | ingethwasa | ingethwase | — | ingethwase |
| Class 10 | zingethwasa | — | zingethwasa | zingethwase | — | zingethwase |
| Class 11 | lungethwasa | — | lungethwasa | lungethwase | — | lungethwase |
| Class 14 | bungethwasa | — | bungethwasa | bungethwase | — | bungethwase |
| Class 15 | kungethwasa | — | kungethwasa | kungethwase | — | kungethwase |
| Class 17 | kungethwasa | — | kungethwasa | kungethwase | — | kungethwase |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizokwethwasa | engizokwethwasa | ngizokwethwasa | angizukwethwasa | engingezukwethwasa | ngingezukwethwasa |
| 2nd singular | uzokwethwasa | ozokwethwasa | uzokwethwasa | awuzukwethwasa | ongezukwethwasa | ungezukwethwasa |
| 1st plural | sizokwethwasa | esizokwethwasa | sizokwethwasa | asizukwethwasa | esingezukwethwasa | singezukwethwasa |
| 2nd plural | nizokwethwasa | enizokwethwasa | nizokwethwasa | anizukwethwasa | eningezukwethwasa | ningezukwethwasa |
| Class 1 | uzokwethwasa | ozokwethwasa | ezokwethwasa | akazukwethwasa | ongezukwethwasa | engezukwethwasa |
| Class 2 | bazokwethwasa | abazokwethwasa | bezokwethwasa | abazukwethwasa | abangezukwethwasa | bengezukwethwasa |
| Class 3 | uzokwethwasa | ozokwethwasa | uzokwethwasa | awuzukwethwasa | ongezukwethwasa | ungezukwethwasa |
| Class 4 | izokwethwasa | ezokwethwasa | izokwethwasa | ayizukwethwasa | engezukwethwasa | ingezukwethwasa |
| Class 5 | lizokwethwasa | elizokwethwasa | lizokwethwasa | alizukwethwasa | elingezukwethwasa | lingezukwethwasa |
| Class 6 | azokwethwasa | azokwethwasa | ezokwethwasa | awazukwethwasa | angezukwethwasa | engezukwethwasa |
| Class 7 | sizokwethwasa | esizokwethwasa | sizokwethwasa | asizukwethwasa | esingezukwethwasa | singezukwethwasa |
| Class 8 | zizokwethwasa | ezizokwethwasa | zizokwethwasa | azizukwethwasa | ezingezukwethwasa | zingezukwethwasa |
| Class 9 | izokwethwasa | ezokwethwasa | izokwethwasa | ayizukwethwasa | engezukwethwasa | ingezukwethwasa |
| Class 10 | zizokwethwasa | ezizokwethwasa | zizokwethwasa | azizukwethwasa | ezingezukwethwasa | zingezukwethwasa |
| Class 11 | luzokwethwasa | oluzokwethwasa | luzokwethwasa | aluzukwethwasa | olungezukwethwasa | lungezukwethwasa |
| Class 14 | buzokwethwasa | obuzokwethwasa | buzokwethwasa | abuzukwethwasa | obungezukwethwasa | bungezukwethwasa |
| Class 15 | kuzokwethwasa | okuzokwethwasa | kuzokwethwasa | akuzukwethwasa | okungezukwethwasa | kungezukwethwasa |
| Class 17 | kuzokwethwasa | okuzokwethwasa | kuzokwethwasa | akuzukwethwasa | okungezukwethwasa | kungezukwethwasa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyokwethwasa | engiyokwethwasa | ngiyokwethwasa | angiyukwethwasa | engingeyukwethwasa | ngingeyukwethwasa |
| 2nd singular | uyokwethwasa | oyokwethwasa | uyokwethwasa | awuyukwethwasa | ongeyukwethwasa | ungeyukwethwasa |
| 1st plural | siyokwethwasa | esiyokwethwasa | siyokwethwasa | asiyukwethwasa | esingeyukwethwasa | singeyukwethwasa |
| 2nd plural | niyokwethwasa | eniyokwethwasa | niyokwethwasa | aniyukwethwasa | eningeyukwethwasa | ningeyukwethwasa |
| Class 1 | uyokwethwasa | oyokwethwasa | eyokwethwasa | akayukwethwasa | ongeyukwethwasa | engeyukwethwasa |
| Class 2 | bayokwethwasa | abayokwethwasa | beyokwethwasa | abayukwethwasa | abangeyukwethwasa | bengeyukwethwasa |
| Class 3 | uyokwethwasa | oyokwethwasa | uyokwethwasa | awuyukwethwasa | ongeyukwethwasa | ungeyukwethwasa |
| Class 4 | iyokwethwasa | eyokwethwasa | iyokwethwasa | ayiyukwethwasa | engeyukwethwasa | ingeyukwethwasa |
| Class 5 | liyokwethwasa | eliyokwethwasa | liyokwethwasa | aliyukwethwasa | elingeyukwethwasa | lingeyukwethwasa |
| Class 6 | ayokwethwasa | ayokwethwasa | eyokwethwasa | awayukwethwasa | angeyukwethwasa | engeyukwethwasa |
| Class 7 | siyokwethwasa | esiyokwethwasa | siyokwethwasa | asiyukwethwasa | esingeyukwethwasa | singeyukwethwasa |
| Class 8 | ziyokwethwasa | eziyokwethwasa | ziyokwethwasa | aziyukwethwasa | ezingeyukwethwasa | zingeyukwethwasa |
| Class 9 | iyokwethwasa | eyokwethwasa | iyokwethwasa | ayiyukwethwasa | engeyukwethwasa | ingeyukwethwasa |
| Class 10 | ziyokwethwasa | eziyokwethwasa | ziyokwethwasa | aziyukwethwasa | ezingeyukwethwasa | zingeyukwethwasa |
| Class 11 | luyokwethwasa | oluyokwethwasa | luyokwethwasa | aluyukwethwasa | olungeyukwethwasa | lungeyukwethwasa |
| Class 14 | buyokwethwasa | obuyokwethwasa | buyokwethwasa | abuyukwethwasa | obungeyukwethwasa | bungeyukwethwasa |
| Class 15 | kuyokwethwasa | okuyokwethwasa | kuyokwethwasa | akuyukwethwasa | okungeyukwethwasa | kungeyukwethwasa |
| Class 17 | kuyokwethwasa | okuyokwethwasa | kuyokwethwasa | akuyukwethwasa | okungeyukwethwasa | kungeyukwethwasa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngethwase | ngingethwasi |
| 2nd singular | wethwase | ungethwasi |
| 1st plural | sethwase | singethwasi |
| 2nd plural | nethwase | ningethwasi |
| Class 1 | ethwase | angethwasi |
| Class 2 | bethwase | bangethwasi |
| Class 3 | wethwase | ungethwasi |
| Class 4 | yethwase | ingethwasi |
| Class 5 | lethwase | lingethwasi |
| Class 6 | ethwase | angethwasi |
| Class 7 | sethwase | singethwasi |
| Class 8 | zethwase | zingethwasi |
| Class 9 | yethwase | ingethwasi |
| Class 10 | zethwase | zingethwasi |
| Class 11 | lwethwase | lungethwasi |
| Class 14 | bethwase | bungethwasi |
| Class 15 | kwethwase | kungethwasi |
| Class 17 | kwethwase | kungethwasi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngethwasa | ngangethwasa, angethwasa, angangethwasa |
| 2nd singular | wethwasa | wangethwasa, awethwasa, awangethwasa |
| 1st plural | sethwasa | sangethwasa, asethwasa, asangethwasa |
| 2nd plural | nethwasa | nangethwasa, anethwasa, anangethwasa |
| Class 1 | wethwasa | wangethwasa, akethwasa, akangethwasa |
| Class 2 | bethwasa | bangethwasa, abethwasa, abangethwasa |
| Class 3 | wethwasa | wangethwasa, awethwasa, awangethwasa |
| Class 4 | yethwasa | yangethwasa, ayethwasa, ayangethwasa |
| Class 5 | lethwasa | langethwasa, alethwasa, alangethwasa |
| Class 6 | ethwasa | angethwasa, awethwasa, awangethwasa |
| Class 7 | sethwasa | sangethwasa, asethwasa, asangethwasa |
| Class 8 | zethwasa | zangethwasa, azethwasa, azangethwasa |
| Class 9 | yethwasa | yangethwasa, ayethwasa, ayangethwasa |
| Class 10 | zethwasa | zangethwasa, azethwasa, azangethwasa |
| Class 11 | lwethwasa | lwangethwasa, alwethwasa, alwangethwasa |
| Class 14 | bethwasa | bangethwasa, abethwasa, abangethwasa |
| Class 15 | kwethwasa | kwangethwasa, akwethwasa, akwangethwasa |
| Class 17 | kwethwasa | kwangethwasa, akwethwasa, akwangethwasa |

#### Related terms

* -thwasa

### References

C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “ethwasa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “ethwasa (3.2.9)”