# 英雄
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yīngxióng
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄥ ㄒㄩㄥˊ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): йинщүн (yinxün, I-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jing$^1$ hung$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yîn-hiùng
* Eastern Min (BUC): ĭng-hṳ̀ng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): eng-hiông
    (Teochew, Peng'im): êng$^1$ hiong$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$in-yon$_6$ / $^1$in-yon$_2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīngxióng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄥ ㄒㄩㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yingsyóng
*** Wade–Giles: ying$^1$-hsiung$^2$
*** Yale: yīng-syúng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ingshyong
*** Palladius: инсюн (insjun)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵ ɕi̯ʊŋ³⁵/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: йинщүн (yinxün, I-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ²⁴ ɕyŋ²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jing$^1$ hung$^4$
*** Yale: yīng hùhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jing$^1$ hung$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ying$^1$ hung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɪŋ⁵⁵ hʊŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-hiùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: in$^ˊ$ hiung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^1$ hiung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /in²⁴ hi̯uŋ¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-hiùng
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)in$^ˊ$ hiung$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^1$ hiung$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴ hi̯uŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: ĭng-hṳ̀ng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ⁵⁵ $^{(h-)}$ŋyŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: eng-hiông
*** Tâi-lô: ing-hiông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: enghioong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² hiɔŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ hiɔŋ²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: êng$^1$ hiong$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: eng hiông
*** Sinological IPA : /eŋ³³⁻²³ hioŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$in-yon$_6$
*** MiniDict: in$^平$ yon$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$in-hhion$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /in⁵⁵ ɦioŋ²¹/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$in-yon$_2$
*** MiniDict: in$^平$ yon$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /in⁴⁴ ɦioŋ/
* Middle Chinese: 'jaeng hjuwng
Rime :
| Character | 英 | 雄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) | 東 (2) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於驚切 | 羽弓切 |
| Baxter | 'jaeng | hjuwng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔˠiæŋ/ | /ɦɨuŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔᵚiaŋ/ | /ɦiuŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiaŋ/ | /ɣiuŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔiajŋ/ | /ɦuwŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiɐŋ/ | /ɣiuŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭɐŋ/ | /ɣĭuŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ɐŋ/ | /i̯uŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yīng | yóng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jing$^1$ | jung$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔ<r>aŋ [ɢ]ʷəŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qraŋ ɡʷɯŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 英 | 雄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yīng | xióng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjæng › | ‹ hjuwng › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔ<r>aŋ/ | /*[ɢ]ʷəŋ/ |
| English | young grass plants | male |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 英 | 雄 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14510 | 4140 |
| Phonetic component | 央 | 厷 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 霙 | 雄 |
| Old Chinese | /*qraŋ/ | /*ɡʷɯŋ/ |

### Noun

英雄
* (literally, martial arts, figuratively) hero
    傳說中的英雄／传说中的英雄 ― chuánshuō zhōng de yīngxióng ― legendary hero
    平民英雄 ― píngmín yīngxióng ― everyday hero
    英雄豪傑／英雄豪杰 ― yīngxióng háojié ― heroes
       Rénmín yīngxióng yǒngchuíbùxiǔ. [Pinyin]
       Eternal glory to the people’s heroes.
    From: Six Secret Teachings, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on Ralph D. Sawyer's version
    Wǔwáng wèn Tàigōng yuē: “Wángzhě jǔbīng, yù jiǎnliàn yīngxióng, zhī shì zhī gāoxià, wéi zhī nàihé?” [Pinyin]
    King Wu asked the Grand Duke: “If a king wants to raise an army, how should he go about selecting and training heroes and determine their moral qualifications?”

#### Synonyms

* 俊傑／俊杰 (jùnjié)
* 好漢／好汉 (hǎohàn)
* 英豪 (yīngháo)
* 龍虎／龙虎 (lónghǔ) (figurative)

### Adjective

英雄
* (attributive) heroic
    英雄事蹟／英雄事迹 ― yīngxióng shìjì ― heroic deed
    英雄的中國人民／英雄的中国人民 ― yīngxióng de Zhōngguó rénmín ― heroic Chinese people
       Wǔhàn shì yīngxióng de chéngshì. [Pinyin]
       Wuhan is a heroic city.
    From: 1978 March 5, National anthem of the People's Republic of China (1978-1982)
    Qiánjìn, gè mínzú yīngxióng de rénmín! [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Derived terms

* 一文錢逼死英雄漢／一文钱逼死英雄汉
* 不以成敗論英雄／不以成败论英雄 (bù yǐ chéngbài lùn yīngxióng)
* 個人英雄主義／个人英雄主义 (gèrén yīngxióng zhǔyì)
* 反英雄 (fǎnyīngxióng)
* 巾幗英雄／巾帼英雄 (jīnguóyīngxióng)
* 慧眼識英雄／慧眼识英雄
* 文化英雄 (wénhuà yīngxióng)
* 時勢造英雄／时势造英雄 (shíshì zào yīngxióng)
* 民族英雄 (mínzú yīngxióng)
* 無名英雄／无名英雄 (wúmíngyīngxióng)
* 英雄主義／英雄主义
* 英雄入彀
* 英雄出少年 (yīngxióng chū shàonián)
* 英雄只怕病來磨／英雄只怕病来磨
* 英雄好漢／英雄好汉 (yīngxiónghǎohàn)
* 英雄所見略同／英雄所见略同 (yīngxióng suǒjiànlüètóng)
* 英雄本色
* 英雄末路
* 英雄樹／英雄树
* 英雄氣短／英雄气短
* 英雄無用武之地／英雄无用武之地 (yīngxióng wú yòngwǔ zhī dì)
* 英雄短氣／英雄短气
* 英雄豪傑／英雄豪杰 (yīngxióngháojié)
* 英雄難過美人關／英雄难过美人关 (yīngxióng nán guò měirén guān)
* 草莽英雄
* 超級英雄／超级英雄 (chāojí yīngxióng)
* 逞英雄 (chěng yīngxióng)

### Related terms

* 英雌 (yīngcí)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 英雄(えいゆう) (eiyū)
* → Korean: 영웅(英雄) (yeong'ung)
* → Vietnamese: anh hùng (英雄)
Others:
* → Vietnamese: yêng hùng

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 英 | 雄 |
| えい Grade: 4 | ゆう Grade: S |
| kan'on ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えーゆう [èéyúú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [e̞ːjɯ̟ː]

#### Noun

英(えい)雄(ゆう) • (eiyū)
* hero
    Synonym: ヒーロー (hīrō)

##### Derived terms

* 英(えい)雄(ゆう)時(じ)代(だい) (eiyū jidai)
* 英(えい)雄(ゆう)主(しゅ)義(ぎ) (eiyū shugi)
* 英(えい)雄(ゆう)叙(じょ)事(じ)詩(し) (eiyū jojishi)
* 英(えい)雄(ゆう)神(しん) (eiyūshin)
* 英(えい)雄(ゆう)神(しん)話(わ) (eiyū shinwa)
* 英(えい)雄(ゆう)崇(すう)拝(はい) (eiyū sūhai)
* 英(えい)雄(ゆう)譚(たん) (eiyūtan)

##### Idioms

* 英(えい)雄(ゆう)色(いろ)を好(この)む (eiyū iro o konomu)
* 英(えい)雄(ゆう)人(ひと)を欺(あざむ)く (eiyū hito o azamuku)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 英 | 雄 |
| ひで Grade: 4 | お Grade: S |
| nanori ||

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひでお [hìdéó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çide̞o̞]

#### Proper noun

英(ひで)雄(お) • (Hideo)
* a male given name

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 英 | 雄 |

### Noun

英雄 • (yeong'ung) (hangeul 영웅)
* hanja form of 영웅 (“hero”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 英 | 雄 |

### Adjective

英雄
* chữ Hán form of anh hùng (“heroic”).

### Noun

英雄
* chữ Hán form of anh hùng (“hero”).