# gourmand
## English
### Alternative forms

* gormand

### Etymology

From Middle English gourmaunt, gormond, gromonde, from Old French gormant (“a glutton”, noun), from gormant (“gluttonous”, adjective), of uncertain origin.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɡʊə.mənd/, /ˈɡʊʁmɑ̃/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (US) IPA: /ɡɔɹˈmɑnd/, /ˈɡʊɹ.mɑnd/
* Rhymes: (US) -ɑnd

### Noun

gourmand (plural gourmands)
* A person given to excess in the consumption of food and drink; a greedy or ravenous eater.
** 1603 (first performance; published 1605), Beniamin Ionson [i.e., Ben Jonson], “Seianus his Fall. A Tragœdie. […]”, in The Workes of Beniamin Ionson (First Folio), London: […] Will[iam] Stansby, published 1616, →OCLC, Act I, page 365:I knew him, at Caivs trencher, when for hyre, / He proſtituted his abuſed body / To that great gourmond, fat Apicivs;
** 1908, W[illiam] B[lair] M[orton] Ferguson, chapter I, in Zollenstein, New York, N.Y.: D. Appleton & Company, →OCLC, page 5:The colonel and his sponsor made a queer contrast: Greystone [the sponsor] long and stringy, with a face that seemed as if a cold wind was eternally playing on it. […] But there was not a more lascivious reprobate and gourmand in all London than this same Greystone.
* A person who appreciates good food.
** 2000, Endymion Wilkinson, “Agriculture, Food, and the Environment”, in Chinese History: A New Manual‎, Rev. & enl. edition, Harvard University Press, →ISBN, →LCCN, →OCLC, page 636:The third key was the number of demands from different patrons or groups for their own specialized cuisines. Such patrons included the court, rich households, and scholar-gourmands. Buddhists and Muslims also elaborated their own cuisines (sucai 素菜 and qingzhen 清真).

#### Synonyms

* (person given to excess consumption): glutton, trencherman, see also Thesaurus:glutton
* (person who appreciates food): chowhound, gastronaut, gourmet
* (person with a special interest or knowledge of food): foodie

#### Derived terms

* gourmandise
* gourmandism

#### Translations
### See also

* gourmet

## French
### Etymology

From Middle French gourmant (“glutton”), originally an adjectival form, from Old French, where it had the sense of trencherman, but of uncertain ultimate origin.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɡuʁ.mɑ̃/
* Audio (Paris):(file)
* Homophone: gourmands
* Hyphenation: gour‧mand

### Adjective

gourmand (feminine gourmande, masculine plural gourmands, feminine plural gourmandes)
* eating a lot
* (more recently) having a love for good food, demanding of food quality

### Noun

gourmand m (plural gourmands, feminine gourmande)
* a person who eats a lot, or who has refined tastes in food

#### Usage notes

The French and English usages of this word are false friends. While the English word has evolved to emphasize the excesses of a gourmand, the French word has become more associated with refined tastes in food. See also gourmet, which has considerable overlap with this word.

#### Descendants

* → Czech: gurmán
* → Portuguese: gourmand
* → Romanian: gurmand

### Further reading

* “gourmand”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

## Norman
### Etymology

From Old French, where it had the sense of trencherman, but of uncertain ultimate origin.

### Adjective

gourmand m
* (Jersey) greedy

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Unadapted borrowing from French gourmand.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ɡuʁˈmɐ̃/

### Noun

gourmand m or f by sense (plural gourmands)
* gourmand (person who appreciates good food)
* gourmand (person who eats too much)
    Synonym: comilão

### Further reading

* “gourmand”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

## Swedish
### Noun

gourmand c
* someone who enjoys eating a lot of (good) food; a gourmand

#### See also

* frossare (“glutton”)
* gourmet
* matvrak (“a voracious eater”)

#### References

* gourmand in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* gourmand in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* gourmand in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)