# 鐔

| 鐔 | U+9414, &#37908; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9414 |
| ← 鐓 [U+9413] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 鐕 → [U+9415] |

## Translingual
### Han character

鐔 (Kangxi radical 167, 金+12, 20 strokes, cangjie input 金一田十 (CMWJ), four-corner 8114$_6$, composition ⿰釒覃)
* dagger
* small sword

### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1322, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 40893
* Dae Jaweon: page 1822, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4255, character 1
* Unihan data for U+9414

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 鐔 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 鷣 | *luː, *lɯm |
| 撢 | *l̥ʰɯːm, *l'ɯːms, *lɯm, *ʔl'aːnʔ |
| 憛 | *l̥ʰɯːms |
| 潭 | *l'ɯːm, *lɯmʔ |
| 譚 | *l'ɯːm, *l'ɯːmʔ |
| 覃 | *l'ɯːm |
| 鐔 | *l'ɯːm, *ljɯm, *lɯm |
| 藫 | *l'ɯːm |
| 橝 | *l'ɯːm, *l'ɯːmʔ |
| 蟫 | *l'ɯːm, *lɯm |
| 燂 | *l'ɯːm, *zlom, *ljum |
| 醰 | *l'ɯːm, *l'ɯːmʔ, *l'ɯːms |
| 禫 | *l'ɯːmʔ |
| 嘾 | *l'ɯːmʔ |
| 贉 | *l'ɯːmʔ, *l'ɯːms |
| 瞫 | *l'ɯːms, *hljɯmʔ |
| 蕈 | *zlɯmʔ |
| 鱏 | *ljɯm, *lɯm |
| 簟 | *l'ɯːmʔ |
| 驔 | *l'ɯːmʔ |
| 磹 | *l'ɯːms |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tán, xín (tan$^2$, xin$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˊ, ㄒㄧㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taam$^4$ / cam$^4$ / jam$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tán
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tán
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^2$
*** Yale: tán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tarn
*** Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xín
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sín
*** Wade–Giles: hsin$^2$
*** Yale: syín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyn
*** Palladius: синь (sinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕin³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taam$^4$ / cam$^4$ / jam$^4$
*** Yale: tàahm / chàhm / yàhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taam$^4$ / tsam$^4$ / jam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tam$^4$ / cem$^4$ / yem$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːm²¹/, /t͡sʰɐm²¹/, /jɐm²¹/
* Middle Chinese: zim, yim, dom
Rime :
| Character | 鐔 | 鐔 | 鐔 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 邪 (17) | 以 (36) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (139) | 侵 (139) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | I |
| Fanqie | 徐林切 | 餘針切 | 徒含切 |
| Baxter | zim | yim | dom |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ziɪm/ | /jiɪm/ | /dʌm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /zim/ | /jim/ | /dəm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /zjem/ | /jem/ | /dɒm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /zim/ | /jim/ | /dəm/ |
| Li Rong | /ziəm/ | /iəm/ | /dᴀm/ |
| Wang Li | /zĭĕm/ | /jĭĕm/ | /dɒm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /zi̯əm/ | /i̯əm/ | /dʱăm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xín | yín | tán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cam$^4$ | jam$^4$ | taam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯːm/, /*ljɯm/, /*lɯm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 鐔 | 鐔 | 鐔 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 12321 | 12337 | 12344 |
| Phonetic component | 覃 | 覃 | 覃 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 覃 | 尋 | 淫 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'ɯːm/ | /*ljɯm/ | /*lɯm/ |

### Definitions

鐔
* (historical) pommel; guard (often round and with holes)
* (historical) dagger; small sword
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 星鐔／星镡
* 鱗鋏星鐔／鳞铗星镡

### References

* “鐔”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: じん (jin)
* Kan-on: しん (shin)
* Kun: つば (tsuba, 鐔)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 鐔
* つば Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 鍔
/tumipa/ → /tumʉpa/ → /tunba/ → /t͡suba/
First attested in the late 12th century.
Shift from tsumiha or tsumiba below.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つば [tsúꜜbà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [t͡sɨba̠]

#### Noun

鐔(つば) • (tsuba)
* the guard at the end of the grip of a sword or polearm
** 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho, page 620:
    Tçuba. ツバ (鍔・鐔) 刀 (Catana)の鍔, すなわち, 刀の柄（つか）に密着している, 銅やその他の金属製の円いある種の輪.Tsuba - the guard of a katana; that is, a circular ring made of copper or other metal with a design stuck to the katana.
* the brim or visor (of a hat, for example)
* the brim of a kettle

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 鐔
* つみば Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Kanji in this term
* 鐔
* つみは Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 鍔
⟨tumi$_1$pa⟩ → */tumʲipa/ → /t͡sumiɸa/ → /t͡sumiha/
Possibly from Old Japanese.
(Can this etymology be sourced?)
Usually pronounced with rendaku (連濁), as tsumiba.

#### Noun

鐔(つみは) or 鐔(つみば) • (tsumiha or tsumiba)
* (obsolete) the guard at the end of the grip of a sword or polearm
** 938, Minamoto no Shitagō, Wamyō Ruijushō, volume 13:鐔　唐韻云：鐔、音尋、一音潭。［和名：都美波］Guard - according to the Tangyun: the sound of 鐔 (MC zim|yim|dom) has the same pronunciation as 尋 (MC zim), another being 潭 (MC dom). (Japanese name: tsumiha)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN.

## Korean
### Hanja

鐔 • (sim) (hangeul 심, revised sim, McCune–Reischauer sim, Yale sim)
* dagger
* small sword