# 渾渾
## Chinese
### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): húnhún
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: húnhún
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: húnhún
*** Wade–Giles: hun$^2$-hun$^2$
*** Yale: hwún-hwún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwenhwen
*** Palladius: хуньхунь (xunʹxunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ən³⁵ xu̯ən³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: hwon hwon
Rime :
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 戸昆切 |
| Baxter | hwon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuən/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuon/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwən/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuən/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣuən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hún |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤ[u]r [ɡ]ˤ[u]r/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːn ɡuːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwon › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁ[u]r/ |
| English | chaotic |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 7321 |
| Phonetic component | 軍 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䰟 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡuːn/ |

#### Adjective

渾渾
* (literary) ignorant
* (literary) simple and honest

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): húnhún, hùnhùn
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ, ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄣˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: húnhún
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˊ ㄏㄨㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: húnhún
*** Wade–Giles: hun$^2$-hun$^2$
*** Yale: hwún-hwún
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hwenhwen
*** Palladius: хуньхунь (xunʹxunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ən³⁵ xu̯ən³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hùnhùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄣˋ ㄏㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hùnhùn
*** Wade–Giles: hun$^4$-hun$^4$
*** Yale: hwùn-hwùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huennhuenn
*** Palladius: хуньхунь (xunʹxunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ən⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ən⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: hwonX hwonX
Rime :
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 魂 (55) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 胡本切 |
| Baxter | hwonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦuən$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦuon$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣuən$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦwən$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣuən$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣuən$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣuən$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hùn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | wan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤurʔ [ɡ]ˤurʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡuːnʔ ɡuːnʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hún |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hwon$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁurʔ/ |
| English | chaotic |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 渾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 7328 |
| Phonetic component | 軍 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 混 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡuːnʔ/ |

#### Adjective

渾渾
* (literary) large
* (literary) numerous and disorderly

### Pronunciation 3

* For pronunciation and definitions of 渾渾 – see 滾滾 (“rolling along; billowing; churning; etc.”). (This term is a variant form of 滾滾).

### See also

* 混混 (hùnhun)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 渾 | 渾 |
| こん Jinmeiyō | こん Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 渾渾 – see the following entry. :
| 【滾々こんこん】 | [adnominal] (of fluids) copiously flowing; actively and continuously flowing [adnominal] (figurative, by extension) inexhaustible; continuous [adnominal] jumbled, thoroughly and irretrievably mixed; disordered; in a chaotic state [adnominal] tumbling, rolling Alternative spellings 滾滾, 渾々, 混々, 混混, コンコン |
(This term, 渾渾, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :