# 栽培
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zāipéi
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄞ ㄆㄟˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zoi$^1$ pui$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): châi-phì
* Eastern Min (BUC): căi-buòi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chai-pôe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zai$^1$ buê$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zāipéi
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄞ ㄆㄟˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zaipéi
*** Wade–Giles: tsai$^1$-pʻei$^2$
*** Yale: dzāi-péi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzaipeir
*** Palladius: цзайпэй (czajpɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saɪ̯⁵⁵ pʰeɪ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zoi$^1$ pui$^4$
*** Yale: jōi pùih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzoi$^1$ pui$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zoi$^1$ pui$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɔːi̯⁵⁵ pʰuːi̯²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: châi-phì
*** Hakka Romanization System: zai$^ˊ$ pi$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zai$^1$ pi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sai̯²⁴ pʰi¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: căi-buòi
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai⁵⁵ $^{(p-)}$βui⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chai-pôe
*** Tâi-lô: tsai-puê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zai'poee
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² pue²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sai³³ pue²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻²² pue¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻³³ pue²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sai⁴⁴⁻³³ pue²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zai$^1$ buê$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsai puê
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sai³³⁻²³ pue⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: tsoj bwoj
Rime :
| Character | 栽 | 培 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 咍 (41) | 灰 (42) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 祖才切 | 薄回切 |
| Baxter | tsoj | bwoj |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʌi/ | /buʌi/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡səi/ | /buoi/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sɒi/ | /buɒi/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡səj/ | /bwəj/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sᴀi/ | /buᴀi/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sɒi/ | /buɒi/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sɑ̆i/ | /bʱuɑ̆i/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zāi | péi |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoi$^1$ | pui$^4$ |

### Verb

栽培
* to cultivate (plants); to grow
* to foster (talent); to nurture; to train
* to advance someone's career; to patronize

#### Synonyms

* (to cultivate):
* 培植 (péizhí)
* 栽
* 栽植 (zāizhí) (chiefly to transplant)
* 栽種／栽种 (zāizhòng)
* 植 (zhí) (literary, or in compounds)
* 樹／树 (shù) (obsolete)
* 盤栽／盘栽 (Xiamen Hokkien, chiefly to transplant, Zhangzhou Hokkien, chiefly to transplant)
* 移栽 (yízāi) (chiefly to transplant)
* 種／种 (zhòng)
* 種植／种植 (zhòngzhí)
* 種樹／种树 (zhòngshù) (Classical Chinese)
* (to foster): 哺育 (bǔyù), (literary, or in compounds) 培 (péi), 培養／培养 (péiyǎng), 培育 (péiyù)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 栽培(さいばい) (saibai)
* → Korean: 재배(栽培) (jaebae)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 栽 | 培 |
| さい Grade: S | ばい Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さいばい [sàíbáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sa̠iba̠i]

### Noun

栽(さい)培(ばい) • (saibai)
* cultivation, culture

#### Derived terms

* 葡萄栽培(ぶどうさいばい) (budō saibai, “viticulture”)

### Verb

栽(さい)培(ばい)する • (saibai suru) transitive suru (stem 栽(さい)培(ばい)し (saibai shi), past 栽(さい)培(ばい)した (saibai shita))
* cultivate, grow plants
    畑(はたけ)で栽培(さいばい)するのが望(のぞ)ましい。
       Hatake de saibai suru no ga nozomashii.
       It's preferable to grow them in a field.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 栽培し | さいばいし | saibai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 栽培し | さいばいし | saibai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 栽培する | さいばいする | saibai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 栽培する | さいばいする | saibai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 栽培すれ | さいばいすれ | saibai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 栽培せよ¹ 栽培しろ² | さいばいせよ¹ さいばいしろ² | saibai seyo¹ saibai shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 栽培される | さいばいされる | saibai sareru |
| Causative | 栽培させる 栽培さす | さいばいさせる さいばいさす | saibai saseru saibai sasu |
| Potential | 栽培できる | さいばいできる | saibai dekiru |
| Volitional | 栽培しよう | さいばいしよう | saibai shiyō |
| Negative | 栽培しない | さいばいしない | saibai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 栽培せず | さいばいせず | saibai sezu |
| Formal | 栽培します | さいばいします | saibai shimasu |
| Perfective | 栽培した | さいばいした | saibai shita |
| Conjunctive | 栽培して | さいばいして | saibai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 栽培すれば | さいばいすれば | saibai sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 栽 | 培 |

### Noun

栽培 • (jaebae) (hangeul 재배)
* hanja form of 재배