# 執事
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhíshì
    (Zhuyin): ㄓˊ ㄕˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zap$^1$ si$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chṳp-sṳ
* Jin (Wiktionary): zeh$^4$ si$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chip-sū / chip-sīr
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhíshì
*** Zhuyin: ㄓˊ ㄕˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhíhshìh
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^2$-shih$^4$
*** Yale: jŕ-shr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyrshyh
*** Palladius: чжиши (čžiši)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$執事／执事 直視／直视
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zap$^1$ si$^6$
*** Yale: jāp sih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzap$^7$ si$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zeb$^1$ xi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐp̚⁵ siː²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chṳp-sṳ
*** Hakka Romanization System: ziib$^ˋ$ sii
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zib$^5$ si$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sɨp̚² sɨ⁵⁵/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: zeh$^4$ si$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡səʔ² sz̩⁴⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chip-sū
*** Tâi-lô: tsip-sū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: cipsu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sip̚³²⁻⁴ su²²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sip̚³²⁻⁵ su²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sip̚³²⁻⁴ su³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chip-sīr
*** Tâi-lô: tsip-sīr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sip̚⁵⁻²⁴ sɯ⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: tsyip dzriH
Rime :
| Character | 執 | 事 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 緝 (141) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 之入切 | 鉏吏切 |
| Baxter | tsyip | dzriH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕiɪp̚/ | /d͡ʒɨ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕip̚/ | /ɖ͡ʐɨ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕjep̚/ | /d͡ʒie$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cip̚/ | /ɖ͡ʐɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiəp̚/ | /d͡ʒiə$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭĕp̚/ | /d͡ʒĭə$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯əp̚/ | /ɖ͡ʐʱi$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhi | zhì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zap$^1$ | zi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]ip [m-s-]rəʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjib zrɯs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 執 | 事 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhí | shì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyip › | ‹ dzri$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t]ip/ | /*[m-s-]rəʔ-s/ |
| English | seize | serve; service, affair |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 執 | 事 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| No. | 17290 | 11486 |
| Phonetic component | 執 | 史 |
| Rime group | 緝 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 執 | 事 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjib/ | /*zrɯs/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象梏人雙手， 幸象梏非聲 | 史吏轉註字 |

### Noun

執事
* (Christianity) deacon
* (literary) attendant
* (literary) your Excellency
* (literary) job; duties

#### Synonyms

* (job):
* 工作 (gōngzuò)
* 差事 (chāishi)
* 差使 (chāishi)
* 活
* 穡頭／穑头 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 職務／职务 (zhíwù)
* 頭路／头路 (Hakka, Hokkien)

### Verb

執事
* (literary) to perform one's job

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 執 | 事 |
| しつ Grade: S | じ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しつじ [shìtsúꜜjì] (Nakadaka –)
* (Tokyo) しつじ [shíꜜtsùjì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕi̥t͡sɨʑi]

### Noun

執(しつ)事(じ) • (shitsuji)
* Steward; butler.
* Court official.
* Deacon (Anglican, Lutheran, etc.).

#### Coordinate terms

* (butler): メイド (meido, “maid”)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN