# 軸

| 軸 | U+8EF8, &#36600; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8EF8 |
| ← 軷 [U+8EF7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 軹 → [U+8EF9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

軸 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 十十中田 (JJLW), four-corner 5506$_0$, composition ⿰車由)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1242, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38269
* Dae Jaweon: page 1718, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3520, character 12
* Unihan data for U+8EF8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 袖 | *ljɯwɢs |
| 岫 | *ljɯwɢs |
| 牰 | *ljɯwɢs, *lɯwɢs |
| 抽 | *l̥ʰɯw |
| 妯 | *l̥ʰɯw, *l'ɯwɢ |
| 紬 | *l'ɯw |
| 怞 | *l'ɯw |
| 鮋 | *l'ɯw, *ɦljɯw, *lɯw |
| 菗 | *rlɯw |
| 宙 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 胄 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 冑 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 伷 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 駎 | *l'ɯwɢs |
| 油 | *lɯw, *lɯwɢs |
| 由 | *lɯw |
| 蚰 | *lɯw |
| 秞 | *lɯw |
| 邮 | *lɯw |
| 釉 | *lɯwɢs |
| 柚 | *lɯwɢs, *l'ɯwɢ |
| 鼬 | *lɯwɢs |
| 苖 | *l'ɯːwɢ, *l̥ʰɯwɢ |
| 笛 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 迪 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 頔 | *l'ɯːwɢ |
| 軸 | *l'ɯwɢ |
| 舳 | *l'ɯwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *l'ɯwɢ) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 車 (“cart, carriage”) + phonetic 由 (OC *lɯw, “to pass through”) — the axle that passes through a cartwheel.

### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhóu, zhú (zhou$^2$, zhu$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˊ, ㄓㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): te̍k / tia̍k / tio̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): dêg$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$jioq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhóu
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^2$
*** Yale: jóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jour
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, literary variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhú
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhú
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^2$
*** Yale: jú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jwu
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zuk$^6$
*** Yale: juhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: te̍k
*** Tâi-lô: ti̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dek
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tiɪk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tia̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tia̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diak
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiak̚²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: tio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɔk̚⁴/
* Xiamen, Quanzhou:
** te̍k - vernacular (“large, oblong banner of silk”);
** tia̍k - vernacular;
** tio̍k - literary (“large, oblong banner of silk (Zhangzhou)”).
* Middle Chinese: drjuwk
Rime :
| Character | 軸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 澄 (11) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 直六切 |
| Baxter | drjuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɖɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȡiuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖuwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ȡiuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ȡĭuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȡʱi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhú |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zuk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lruk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'ɯwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 軸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhóu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ drjuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*lruk/ |
| English | wheel-axle |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 軸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 15541 |
| Phonetic component | 由 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 逐 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'ɯwɢ/ |

#### Definitions

軸
* axle; axletree
* pivot
* axis
* spool; roller
* (Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Taiwanese Hokkien, Teochew) large, oblong banner of silk carrying an appropriate message (usually for funerals) (Classifier: 幅 mn mn-t)
* switch (of a keyboard key)
    See also: 鍵軸
    Cherry MX軸／Cherry MX轴 ― Cherry MX zhóu ― Cherry MX switch
* Classifier for rolled-up things.

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 幛子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 幛 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 軸 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 軸布 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 軸 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 軸 |

#### Compounds

* 主軸／主轴 (zhǔzhóu)
* 二軸晶／二轴晶
* 光軸／光轴 (guāngzhóu)
* 卷軸／卷轴 (juànzhóu)
* 卷軸裝／卷轴装
* 反軸心國／反轴心国
* 同軸圓／同轴圆
* 同軸電纜／同轴电缆 (tóngzhóu diànlǎn)
* 地軸／地轴 (dìzhóu)
* 坐標軸／坐标轴
* 坤軸／坤轴
* 天軸／天轴
* 掛軸／挂轴
* 插架萬軸／插架万轴
* 晶軸／晶轴
* 曲軸／曲轴 (qūzhóu)
* 杼軸／杼轴 (zhùzhóu)
* 杼軸其空／杼轴其空
* 橫軸／横轴
* 機軸／机轴 (jīzhóu)
* 牙簽犀軸／牙签犀轴
* 牙籤玉軸／牙签玉轴
* 牙籤萬軸／牙签万轴
* 牙籤錦軸／牙签锦轴
* 磁軸／磁轴 (cízhóu)
* 穗軸／穗轴
* 空氣軸承／空气轴承
* 立軸／立轴
* 線軸兒／线轴儿
* 縱軸／纵轴
* 群輕折軸／群轻折轴
* 聯軸器／联轴器 (liánzhóuqì)
* 胚軸／胚轴
* 胯骨軸兒／胯骨轴儿
* 花軸／花轴 (huāzhóu)
* 葉軸／叶轴
* 車軸／车轴 (chēzhóu)
* 車軸草／车轴草
* 軸丘／轴丘 (zhóuqiū)
* 軸心／轴心 (zhóuxīn)
* 軸心國／轴心国 (zhóuxīnguó)
* 軸承／轴承 (zhóuchéng)
* 軸根系／轴根系
* 軸突／轴突 (zhóutū)
* 軸線／轴线 (zhóuxiàn)
* 軸艫千里／轴舻千里
* 軸距／轴距
* 軸轤／轴轳 (zhúlú)
* 輪軸／轮轴 (lúnzhóu)
* 轆軸／辘轴
* 轉軸／转轴 (zhuànzhóu)
* 連軸兒轉／连轴儿转
* 鈞軸／钧轴

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhòu, zhóu
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ, ㄓㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zuk$^6$ / zau$^6$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): dêg$^8$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$jioq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^4$
*** Yale: jòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhóu
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^2$
*** Yale: jóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jour
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zuk$^6$ / zau$^6$
*** Yale: juhk / jauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk$^9$ / dzau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zug$^6$ / zeo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊk̚²/, /t͡sɐu̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: dêg$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: te̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /tek̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$jioq
*** MiniDict: jioh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$jjioq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑioʔ¹²/

#### Definitions

軸
* (theater, opera) last item on a theatrical performance

#### Compounds

* 壓軸／压轴 (yāzhòu)
* 壓軸子／压轴子 (yāzhòuzi)
* 壓軸戲／压轴戏 (yāzhòuxì)
* 大軸子／大轴子 (dàzhòuzi)
* 軸子／轴子

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* axis
* pivot

#### Readings

* Go-on: じく (jiku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ちく (chiku)
* Kun: しんぎ (shingi, 軸)、まきもの (makimono, 軸)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 軸
* じく Grade: S
* on'yomi
Derived from Middle Chinese 軸 (MC drjuwk).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じく [jìkúꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [d͡ʑikɯ̟]

### Noun

軸(じく) • (jiku)
* axis
    片足(かたあし)を軸(じく)にして回(まわ)る
       kataashi o jiku ni shite mawaru
       to spin on one foot
       (literally, “to spin with one foot as an axis”)

#### Compounds

* ペン軸

### Counter

軸(じく) • (-jiku)
* things wrapped about a central rod- scrolls, rolls of material, also yarn balls
* central axes
* favoured horses

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

軸 • (chuk) (hangeul 축)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

軸: Hán Nôm readings: trục
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.