# 熯

| 熯 | U+71AF, &#29103; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71AF |
| ← 熮 [U+71AE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 熰 → [U+71B0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

熯 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+11, 15 strokes, cangjie input 火廿中人 (FTLO), four-corner 9403$_4$, composition ⿰火𦰩)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 681, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19355
* Dae Jaweon: page 1092, character 20
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2227, character 12
* Unihan data for U+71AF

## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hàn (han$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hon$^3$ / hon$^2$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): hang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hàn
*** Wade–Giles: han$^4$
*** Yale: hàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hann
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hon$^3$ / hon$^2$
*** Yale: hon / hón
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hon$^3$ / hon$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hon$^3$ / hon$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːn³³/, /hɔːn³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hàng
*** Sinological IPA : /haŋ²¹³/
* Middle Chinese: xanX, xanH
Rime :
| Character | 熯 | 熯 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 寒 (61) | 寒 (61) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 呼旱切 | 呼旰切 |
| Baxter | xanX | xanH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɑn$^X$/ | /hɑn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɑn$^X$/ | /hɑn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɑn$^X$/ | /xɑn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /han$^X$/ | /han$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xɑn$^X$/ | /xɑn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xɑn$^X$/ | /xɑn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xɑn$^X$/ | /xɑn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | hǎn | hàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hon$^2$ | hon$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*hnaːnʔ/, /*hnaːns/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 熯 | 熯 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 |
| No. | 4904 | 4907 |
| Phonetic component | 暵 | 暵 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 䍐 | 漢 |
| Old Chinese | /*hnaːnʔ/ | /*hnaːns/ |
| Notes | | 甲金文爲堇下火， 烘乾堇 |

#### Definitions

熯
* (literary) dry; arid
* (literary) to dry with fire
* (literary) to burn; to flame
* (dialectal) to bake over a slow fire
* (dialectal) to dry with little oil; to sauté
* (dialectal) to steam
* Alternative form of 焊 (hàn, “to weld; to solder”)

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 蒸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 蒸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 蒸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 蒸 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 蒸 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 蒸 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 蒸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 蒸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 蒸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 蒸 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 蒸 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 蒸 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 蒸 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 蒸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 蒸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 蒸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 蒸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 蒸 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 蒸 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 蒸 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 炊, 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 炊 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 炊 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 炊 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 炊 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 炊, 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 炊 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 炊 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 炊 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 炊 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 煮 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 蒸, 炊 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 蒸 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 蒸 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 蒸 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 蒸 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 蒸 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 蒸 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 蒸 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 蒸 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 蒸 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 蒸 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 蒸 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 蒸 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 蒸 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 炊 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 炊 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 炊 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 炊 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 蒸 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 蒸 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 蒸 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 炊 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 炊 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 炊 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 炊 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 炊 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 炊 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 炊 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 炊 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 炊 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 炊 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping (Yongfu) | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 蒸 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 炊 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 蒸 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 炊 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 炊 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 蒸 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 蒸 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 蒸 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 蒸 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 蒸 |
| Wu | Danyang | 蒸 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 熯, 蒸, 炊 rare |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 蒸, 炊 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 蒸, 熯, 炊 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 蒸 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 蒸 |

#### Compounds

* 熯天熾地／熯天炽地
* 熯焚
* 熯熱／熯热

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rǎn (ran$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jin$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rǎn
*** Wade–Giles: jan$^3$
*** Yale: rǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: raan
*** Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^5$
*** Yale: yíhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn¹³/
* Middle Chinese: nyenX
Rime :
| Character | 熯 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 人善切 |
| Baxter | nyenX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*narʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njanʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 熯 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyen$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*narʔ/ |
| English | respectful; to fear |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 熯 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 4911 |
| Phonetic component | 暵 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 蹨 |
| Old Chinese | /*njanʔ/ |

#### Definitions

熯
* (literary) deferential; respectful

### References

* “熯”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* by fire

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ぜん (zen)、ねん (nen)、がん (gan)
* Kun: がわく (gawaku)

## Korean
### Hanja

熯 • (seon) (hangeul 선, revised seon, McCune–Reischauer sŏn, Yale sen)
* by fire

## Vietnamese
### Han character

熯: Hán Việt readings: hãn, nhiễn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.