# 衁

| 衁 | U+8841, &#34881; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8841 |
| ← 血 [U+8840] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 衂 → [U+8842] |

## Translingual
### Han character

衁 (Kangxi radical 143, 血+3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 卜女竹月廿 (YVHBT), four-corner 0010$_7$, composition ⿱亡血)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1107, character 6
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 33969
* Dae Jaweon: page 1569, character 5
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3051, character 1
* Unihan data for U+8841

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 衁
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 忙 | *maːŋ |
| 芒 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 茫 | *maːŋ |
| 恾 | *maːŋ |
| 吂 | *maːŋ, *maːŋs |
| 汒 | *maːŋ, *maŋs |
| 朚 | *maːŋ, *hmaːŋ, *maŋ, *mraːŋ, *mraːŋs |
| 邙 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 杗 | *maːŋ, *maŋ |
| 荒 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋs |
| 肓 | *hmaːŋ |
| 衁 | *hmaːŋ |
| 巟 | *hmaːŋ |
| 詤 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ, *hmaŋʔ |
| 慌 | *hmaːŋ, *hmaːŋʔ |
| 謊 | *hmaːŋʔ |
| 喪 | *smaːŋs, *smaːŋ |
| 亡 | *maŋ |
| 望 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 莣 | *maŋ |
| 朢 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 鋩 | *maŋ |
| 硭 | *maŋ |
| 忘 | *maŋ, *maŋs |
| 网 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 罔 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 蛧 | *maŋʔ |
| 網 | *mlaŋʔ |
| 輞 | *maŋʔ |
| 棢 | *maŋʔ |
| 惘 | *maŋʔ |
| 菵 | *maŋʔ |
| 誷 | *maŋʔ |
| 魍 | *maŋʔ |
| 妄 | *maŋs |
| 盲 | *mraːŋ |
| 蝱 | *mraːŋ |
| 虻 | *mraːŋ |
| 氓 | *mraːŋ |
| 甿 | *mraːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *hmaːŋ) : phonetic 亡 (OC *maŋ) + semantic 血 (“blood”).

### Etymology

Borrowed from Austroasiatic. Compare Proto-Mon-Khmer *ɟhaam ~ *ɟhiim (“blood”), whence Khmer ឈាម (chiəm, “blood”), Mon ဆီ (chim, “blood”), Proto-Bahnaric *bhaːm (“blood”), Proto-Katuic *ʔahaam (“blood”), Proto-Khmuic *maː₁m (“blood”). Chinese has final -ŋ because initial and final m are mutually exclusive (Schuessler, 2003; Schuessler, 2007).
This word's rare occurrence in a traditional saying indicates that it is not part of the active vocabulary of OC, but a survival from a substrate language.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huāng (huang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hong
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huang
*** Wade–Giles: huang$^1$
*** Yale: hwāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huang
*** Palladius: хуан (xuan)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^1$
*** Yale: fōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong
*** Tâi-lô: hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: xwang
Rime :
| Character | 衁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (102) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 呼光切 |
| Baxter | xwang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hwɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hʷɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /xuɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /xuɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xwɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hmaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 衁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huāng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwang › |
| Old Chinese | /*m̥ˁaŋ/ |
| English | blood |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 衁 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 12651 |
| Phonetic component | 亡 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 荒 |
| Old Chinese | /*hmaːŋ/ |

### Definitions

衁
* (obsolete) blood
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Qí yáo yuē: shì kuī yáng, yì wú huāng yě; nǚ chéng kuāng, yì wú kuàng yě. [Pinyin]
    The hexagram's divination reads: "A man slaughters a sheep, yet there is no blood; a woman bears a basket, yet there is no gift."
    From: 韓愈 (Han Yu), 陸渾山火和皇甫湜用其韻 "Mountain Fire of Luhun, in Response to Huangfu Shi and Using his Rhymes"; translated by Alex Yang (2007).
    Hóng wéi chì mù luó shèn pán, huāng chí bō fēng ròu líng tún. [Pinyin]
    Surrounded by red curtains and vermillion drapes they spread out the raw and cooked sacrificial meat; in a pool of blood, there were waves and winds, and the flesh piled up in a mound.

### References

* ↑ Yang, Alex (2007) Archaism in Han Yü's Poetry (MA)‎, The University of British Columbia

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* (rare) blood

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): こう (kō)
* Kun: ち (chi)