# 馬頭
## Chinese
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mǎtóu
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄡˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): maa$^5$ tau$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bé-thâu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mǎtóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄚˇ ㄊㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mǎtóu
*** Wade–Giles: ma$^3$-tʻou$^2$
*** Yale: mǎ-tóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: maatour
*** Palladius: матоу (matou)
*** Sinological IPA : /mä²¹⁴⁻²¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: maa$^5$ tau$^4$
*** Yale: máh tàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: maa$^5$ tau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ma$^5$ teo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /maː¹³ tʰɐu̯²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$碼頭／码头 馬頭／马头
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bé-thâu
*** Tâi-lô: bé-thâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: beftaau
*** IPA (Xiamen): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /be⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tʰau²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /be⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /be⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tʰau²³/
* Middle Chinese: maeX duw
Rime :
| Character | 馬 | 頭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I |
| Fanqie | 莫下切 | 度侯切 |
| Baxter | maeX | duw |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mˠa$^X$/ | /dəu/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mᵚa$^X$/ | /dəu/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ma$^X$/ | /dəu/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /maɨ$^X$/ | /dəw/ |
| Li Rong | /ma$^X$/ | /du/ |
| Wang Li | /ma$^X$/ | /dəu/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ma$^X$/ | /dʱə̯u/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mǎ | tóu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | maa$^5$ | tau$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤraʔ [m-t]ˤo/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mraːʔ doː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 馬 | 頭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mǎ | tóu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mæ$^X$ › | ‹ duw › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁraʔ/ | /*[m-t]ˁo/ |
| English | horse | head |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 馬 | 頭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 8715 | 2465 |
| Phonetic component | 馬 | 豆 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 馬 | 頭 |
| Old Chinese | /*mraːʔ/ | /*doː/ |

#### Noun

馬頭
* (literal) a horse's head
* (archaic) the head of a stableboy

##### Derived terms

* 馬頭琴／马头琴 (mǎtóuqín)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 馬頭 – see 碼頭 (“pier”). (This term is a variant form of 碼頭).

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 馬 | 頭 |
| め Grade: 2 | ず Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

Calque of Sanskrit अश्वशीर्ष (aśvaśīrṣa).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) めず [méꜜzù] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [me̞zɨ]

### Proper noun

馬(め)頭(ず) • (Mezu)
* (Buddhism, Chinese mythology, Japanese mythology) Horse-Head, one of the two guardians of hell

### See also

* 牛(ご)頭(ず)馬(め)頭(ず) (Gozu Mezu)
* 牛(ご)頭(ず) (Gozu)
* 馬(ば)頭(とう)琴(きん) (batōkin)
* 馬(ば)頭(とう)星(せい)雲(うん) (Batō Seiun)
* 馬(ば)頭(とう)観(かん)音(のん) (Batō Kannon)