# 慷

| 慷 | U+6177, &#24951; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6177 |
| ← 慶 [U+6176] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 慸 → [U+6178] |

## Translingual
### Han character

慷 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 心戈中水 (PILE), four-corner 9003$_2$, composition ⿰忄康)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 400, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11146
* Dae Jaweon: page 740, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2347, character 10
* Unihan data for U+6177

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 唐 | *ɡl'aːŋ |
| 煻 | *l'aːŋ |
| 糖 | *l'aːŋ |
| 搪 | *l'aːŋ |
| 蓎 | *l'aːŋ |
| 瑭 | *l'aːŋ |
| 餹 | *l'aːŋ |
| 篖 | *l'aːŋ |
| 螗 | *l'aːŋ |
| 塘 | *l'aːŋ |
| 鶶 | *l'aːŋ |
| 赯 | *l'aːŋ |
| 磄 | *l'aːŋ |
| 溏 | *l'aːŋ |
| 傏 | *l'aːŋ |
| 鎕 | *l'aːŋ |
| 榶 | *l'aːŋ |
| 嵣 | *l'aːŋʔ, *l'aːŋs |
| 庚 | *kraːŋ |
| 賡 | *kraːŋ |
| 鹒 | *kraːŋ |
| 康 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 穅 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 糠 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 槺 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 漮 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 躿 | *kʰlaːŋ |
| 慷 | *kʰlaːŋʔ |
Originally written as 忼. Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kʰlaːŋʔ) : semantic 心 (“heart”) + phonetic 康 (OC *kʰlaːŋ).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kāng (kang$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hong$^2$ / kong$^2$ / hong$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khóng / không
* Eastern Min (BUC): kōng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khóng
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$khaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kang
*** Wade–Giles: kʻang$^1$
*** Yale: kāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kang
*** Palladius: кан (kan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hong$^2$ / kong$^2$ / hong$^1$
*** Yale: hóng / kóng / hōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hong$^2$ / kong$^2$ / hong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hong$^2$ / kong$^2$ / hong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔːŋ³⁵/, /kʰɔːŋ³⁵/, /hɔːŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khóng / không
*** Hakka Romanization System: kong$^ˋ$ / kong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kong$^3$ / kong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰoŋ³¹/, /kʰoŋ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: kōng
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰouŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khóng
*** Tâi-lô: khóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qorng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰɔŋ⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$khaon
*** MiniDict: khaon$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$khaan
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /kʰɑ̃⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: khangX
Rime :
| Character | 慷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦朗切 |
| Baxter | khangX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰaŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰɑŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kǎng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hong$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰlaːŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 慷 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3987 |
| Phonetic component | 庚 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 慷 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰlaːŋʔ/ |

### Definitions

慷
* Used in compounds.

### Compounds

* 悲歌慷慨
* 慨慷 (kǎikāng)
* 慷他人之慨 (kāng tārén zhī kǎi)
* 慷慨 (kāngkǎi)
* 慷慨仗義／慷慨仗义
* 慷慨悲歌
* 慷慨捐生
* 慷慨擔承／慷慨担承
* 慷慨激昂 (kāngkǎijī'áng)
* 慷慨激烈
* 慷慨解囊 (kāngkǎijiěnáng)
* 慷慨赴義／慷慨赴义
* 慷慨陳詞／慷慨陈词
* 慷愾／慷忾
* 激昂慷慨

### References

* “慷”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* generous; magnanimous

#### Readings

* Go-on: こう (kō)
* Kan-on: こう (kō)
* Kun: いきどおる (ikidōru)

## Korean
### Hanja

慷 (eum 강 (gang))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

慷: Hán Nôm readings: khảng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.