# esmorecer
## Galician
### Etymology

Unknown. From Old Galician-Portuguese esmorecer (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from esmorir (“to faint”) +‎ -ecer, possibly from Vulgar Latin emorescĕre, frequentative of Latin ēmori, ēmorior (“I die (out)”), from Latin morior (“to die”), whence Galician morrer (“to die”); but note also Old English smorian (“to choke, suffocate”). Cognate to Portuguese esmorecer and Spanish esmorecer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esmoɾeˈθeɾ/, (western) /esmoɾeˈseɾ/

### Verb

esmorecer (first-person singular present esmorezo, first-person singular preterite esmorecín, past participle esmorecido) esmorecer (first-person singular present esmoreço, first-person singular preterite esmorecim or esmoreci, past participle esmorecido, reintegrationist norm)
* (intransitive) to falter, wilt
    Antonym: desesmorecer
* (intransitive) to decay, wither
* (intransitive) to faint
** c. 1350, Kelvin M. Parker (ed.), Historia Troyana. Santiago: Instituto "Padre Sarmiento", page 288:
    Et esmoresçeu en tal maneyra que pouco nẽ moyto nõ suspiraua nẽ saya d'ela folgo.And she fainted in such a way that, neither much nor little, she didn't sigh nor breathe

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “esmorecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “esmor”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “esmorecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “esmorecer”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “esmorecer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “esmorecer” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “esmorecer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin emorescĕre, frequentative of Latin ēmori, ēmorior (“to die (out)”), from Latin morior (“to die”), whence Portuguese morrer (“to die”); but note also Old English smorian (“to choke, suffocate”). Cognate to Galician and Spanish esmorecer.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /iz.mo.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [iz.mo.ɾeˈse(h)], /ez.mo.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [ez.mo.ɾeˈse(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /iz.mo.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [iz.mo.ɾeˈse(h)], /ez.mo.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [ez.mo.ɾeˈse(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /iz.mo.ɾeˈse(ɾ)/, /ez.mo.ɾeˈse(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʒ.mo.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [iʒ.mo.ɾeˈse(χ)], /eʒ.mo.ɾeˈse(ʁ)/ [eʒ.mo.ɾeˈse(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ez.mo.ɾeˈse(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʒ.mu.ɾɨˈseɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʒ.mu.ɾɨˈseɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʒ.mu.ɾɨˈse.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: es‧mo‧re‧cer

### Verb

esmorecer (first-person singular present esmoreço, first-person singular preterite esmoreci, past participle esmorecido)
* (transitive) to dishearten; discourage
    Synonym: desalentar
* (intransitive) to falter; wilt
    Synonym: desanimar

#### Conjugation
### References

* ↑ “esmorecer”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Vulgar Latin emorescĕre, frequentative of Latin ēmori, ēmorior (“to die (out)”), from Latin morior (“to die”), whence Spanish murrir (“to die”); but note also Old English smorian (“to choke, suffocate”). Cognate to Galician esmorecer and Portuguese esmorecer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /esmoɾeˈθeɾ/ [ez.mo.ɾeˈθeɾ]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /esmoɾeˈseɾ/ [ez.mo.ɾeˈseɾ]
* Rhymes: -eɾ
* Syllabification: es‧mo‧re‧cer

### Verb

esmorecer (first-person singular present esmorezco, first-person singular preterite esmorecí, past participle esmorecido)
* (intransitive, reflexive, Andalusia, Cantabria, Venezuela) to falter; wilt
    Synonyms: desfallecer, esmorecerse

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | esmorecer | esmorecer | esmorecer | esmorecer | esmorecer |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | esmoreciendo | esmoreciendo | esmoreciendo | esmoreciendo | esmoreciendo |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | esmorecido | esmorecido | esmorecida | esmorecida |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | esmorecidos | esmorecidos | esmorecidas | esmorecidas |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| indicative | present | esmorezco | esmoreces$^{tú}$ esmorecés$^{vos}$ | esmorece | esmorecemos | esmorecéis | esmorecen |
| indicative | imperfect | esmorecía | esmorecías | esmorecía | esmorecíamos | esmorecíais | esmorecían |
| indicative | preterite | esmorecí | esmoreciste | esmoreció | esmorecimos | esmorecisteis | esmorecieron |
| indicative | future | esmoreceré | esmorecerás | esmorecerá | esmoreceremos | esmoreceréis | esmorecerán |
| indicative | conditional | esmorecería | esmorecerías | esmorecería | esmoreceríamos | esmoreceríais | esmorecerían |
| subjunctive | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| subjunctive | present | esmorezca | esmorezcas$^{tú}$ esmorezcás$^{vos2}$ | esmorezca | esmorezcamos | esmorezcáis | esmorezcan |
| subjunctive | imperfect (ra) | esmoreciera | esmorecieras | esmoreciera | esmoreciéramos | esmorecierais | esmorecieran |
| subjunctive | imperfect (se) | esmoreciese | esmorecieses | esmoreciese | esmoreciésemos | esmorecieseis | esmoreciesen |
| subjunctive | future$^1$ | esmoreciere | esmorecieres | esmoreciere | esmoreciéremos | esmoreciereis | esmorecieren |
| imperative | | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes |
| imperative | affirmative | | esmorece$^{tú}$ esmorecé$^{vos}$ | esmorezca | esmorezcamos | esmoreced | esmorezcan |
| imperative | negative | | no esmorezcas | no esmorezca | no esmorezcamos | no esmorezcáis | no esmorezcan |
$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | esmorecerse | esmorecerse | esmorecerse | esmorecerse | esmorecerse |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | esmoreciéndose | esmoreciéndose | esmoreciéndose | esmoreciéndose | esmoreciéndose |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | esmorecido | esmorecido | esmorecida | esmorecida |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | esmorecidos | esmorecidos | esmorecidas | esmorecidas |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| personal non-finite | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| personal non-finite | infinitive | esmorecerme | esmorecerte | esmorecerse | esmorecernos | esmoreceros | esmorecerse |
| personal non-finite | gerund | esmoreciéndome | esmoreciéndote | esmoreciéndose | esmoreciéndonos | esmoreciéndoos | esmoreciéndose |
| indicative | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| indicative | present | me esmorezco | te esmoreces$^{tú}$ te esmorecés$^{vos}$ | se esmorece | nos esmorecemos | os esmorecéis | se esmorecen |
| indicative | imperfect | me esmorecía | te esmorecías | se esmorecía | nos esmorecíamos | os esmorecíais | se esmorecían |
| indicative | preterite | me esmorecí | te esmoreciste | se esmoreció | nos esmorecimos | os esmorecisteis | se esmorecieron |
| indicative | future | me esmoreceré | te esmorecerás | se esmorecerá | nos esmoreceremos | os esmoreceréis | se esmorecerán |
| indicative | conditional | me esmorecería | te esmorecerías | se esmorecería | nos esmoreceríamos | os esmoreceríais | se esmorecerían |
| subjunctive | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| subjunctive | present | me esmorezca | te esmorezcas$^{tú}$ te esmorezcás$^{vos2}$ | se esmorezca | nos esmorezcamos | os esmorezcáis | se esmorezcan |
| subjunctive | imperfect (ra) | me esmoreciera | te esmorecieras | se esmoreciera | nos esmoreciéramos | os esmorecierais | se esmorecieran |
| subjunctive | imperfect (se) | me esmoreciese | te esmorecieses | se esmoreciese | nos esmoreciésemos | os esmorecieseis | se esmoreciesen |
| subjunctive | future$^1$ | me esmoreciere | te esmorecieres | se esmoreciere | nos esmoreciéremos | os esmoreciereis | se esmorecieren |
| imperative | | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes |
| imperative | affirmative | | esmorécete$^{tú}$ esmorecete$^{vos}$ | esmorézcase | esmorezcámonos | esmoreceos | esmorézcanse |
| imperative | negative | | no te esmorezcas | no se esmorezca | no nos esmorezcamos | no os esmorezcáis | no se esmorezcan |
$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

### Further reading

* “esmorecer”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014