# gudrs
## Latvian
### Etymology

From the same stem as the verb gūt (“to gain, to obtain”) (q.v.). From a parallel form gust (< *gud-ti; compare Lithuanian gùsti (“to get accustomed; to teach oneself”), present tense gundù) came *gudras, from which gudrs (the u-stem form of the Lithuanian cognate is apparently secondary). The semantic evolution of this word was probably: “(something) caught, grabbed” > “one who by catching got used to, taught himself something” (at first applied to dogs and other animals) > “intelligent,” or then maybe: “one who catches, grabs” > “resourceful” > “smart, intelligent.” (Note that a 17th-cendury dictionary mentions modrs (“alert, vigilant”) as a synonym of gudrs.) Cognates include Lithuanian gudrùs (“intelligent, resourceful”), dialectal gùdras.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

gudrs (definite gudrais, comparative gudrāks, superlative visgudrākais, adverb gudri)
* intelligent, wise (having extensive knowledge, well-developed thinking, rich experience)
    gudrs cilvēks, ārsts ― intelligent person, doctor
    bataljona komandieris - lielisks vīrs, un gudrs: lai kādu jautājumu viņam uzprasi, visu atbildēs, izlasījis veselu bibliotēku ― the battalion commander: a great man, and intelligent: whatever question you asked him, he answered it, he has read a whole library
    vienkāršais cilvēks, visu darbu darītājs, pazīst dabas norises un parādības, darba procesus, pazīst cilvēkus, viņu dzīves daudzveidīgos sakarus un attiecības; tāds cilvēks ir gudrs ― a simple person, who does all the work, knows natural processes and phenomena, (knows) work, knows people, their lives' multifaceted connections and relations; such a person is wise
* intelligent, wise (expressing such qualities)
    gudrs skatiens ― wise, intelligent look
    gudras acis ― wise eyes
    gudra seja ― intelligent face
    kad viņš noņem cepuri, tad var redzēt, ka piere viņam augsta un gudra ― when he took his hat off, then we could see that his forehead is high and wise
* smart, clever (one who quickly understands, notices, remembers; astute)
    gudrs skolēns, māceklis ― clever student, apprentice
    māmiņa bija lepna par mums, stāstīja, cik mēs nopietni, gudri un saprātīgi bērni ― mom was proud of us, he told (everybody) how we were serious, clever, intelligent children
* (of animals) smart, clever (well trained; perceptive)
    gudrs suns, zirgs ― clever dog, horse
    gudri dzīvnieki instinktīvi jūt negaisus cilvēku attiecībās ― clever animals instinctively feel a thunderstorm in human relations (when one is happening)
    gudrais pelēcis laipoja uzmanīgi, it kā zinādams, kas viņam šodien vedams ― the smart gray (horse) maneuvered carefully, as if knowing who he would be taking today
* (figuratively, of objects) smart, intelligent
    gudrās mašīnas palīdz radīt celtnes, jūras un Visuma kuģus ― the intelligent machines help creat buildings, ships, and spaceships
* (of mental activities) intelligent, clever, wise (which exemplifies the use of intelligence, wisdom)
    gudra doma ― intelligent, wise thought
    gudrs lēmums ― wise decision
    guddra mīlestība ― wise love
    humānismam jābūt gudram ― humanism must be wise
* (of activities and their products) intelligent, wise (rich in thoughts, ideas, insights)
    gudra grāmata, runa, lekcija ― intelligent book, talk, lecture
    gudra tautas paruna: “darbs dara meistaru” ― a wise folk saying: “work makes the master”
* smart, resourceful, cunning (who quickly orients himself in many different circumstances, who can use the circumstances to his favor)
    Pēteris - tas bija gudrs: izmācījās par drēbnieku un apprecēja bagātu sievu ― Pēteris, that was a smart one: he studied to be a tailor and then married a rich wife
* wise, prudent
    tu biji gudra, mīļā dvēsele, tu gribēji sevi taupīt un sargāt ― you were wise, dear soul, you wanted to save and protect yourself
    bet arī līdzi ņemt zēnu nebija necik gudri, jo mēs varbūt jau pēc dažām stundām dosimies kaujā ― but also to take the boy along was not at all wise, because we may have already been a few hours in the battle (zone)

#### Synonyms

* (of "wise, rational"): prātīgs, saprātīgs
* (of "understanding quickly"): vērīgs, apdāvināts
* (of "smart, cunning"): viltīgs
* (of "prudent"): apdomīgs

#### Antonyms

* dumjš
* idiotisks
* muļķīgs
* neprātīgs
* stulbs

#### Derived terms

* gudrinieks, gudriniece
* gudrība
* gudrot

### References

* ↑ Karulis, Konstantīns (1992) “gudrs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca‎ (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN