# gi-
## Cebuano
### Etymology

Apparently from an older form gina-. Compare Hiligaynon gina- and dialectal Tagalog ina- which also mark the perfective aspect in non-agent triggers.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɡi/ [ˈɡi]

### Prefix

gi- (Badlit spelling ᜄᜒ)
* forms the complete aspect in all triggers except the active trigger
    Gikaon nako ang mangga (patient trigger)I ate the mango (mango is focused)
    Giadtoan nako ang merkado (locative trigger)We went to the market (market is focused)

### References

* John U. Wolff (1972) A dictionary of Cebuano Visayan‎ (overall work in Cebuano and English), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press

## Ojibwe
### Alternative forms

* g-
* gid-
* gido-
* giy-

### Prefix

gi-
* A prefix denoting the second person

#### Usage notes

gi- is the unmarked form, and appears before stems that begin with a consonant.

#### Related terms

* giin
* giinawaa
* giinawind

#### See also

| | | stem begins with... | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| Consonants | Consonants | p t k h ch m n s sh w y | ni- | gi- | o- |
| Consonants | Consonants | d g ' j z zh | nin- | gi- | o- |
| Consonants | Consonants | b | nim- | gi- | o- |
| Vowels | Vowels | o | nindo- | gido- | odo- |
| Vowels | Vowels | a aa e i | nind- | gid- | od- |
| Vowels | Vowels | oo | n- | g- | od- |
| Vowels | Vowels | ii | n- | g- | w- |

### References

* The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/main-entry/gi-pf

## Old Dutch
### Alternative forms

* ge-

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.

### Prefix

gi-
* Used for forming the past participle.
* Forms perfective verbs from other verbs with a sense of completeness, or simply as an intensifier.
* Forms collective nouns.

#### Descendants

* Middle Dutch: ghe-, ge-, (West-Flanders) i-, y-
** Dutch: ge-
*** Afrikaans: ge-
** West Flemish: ge-, e-

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ji/

### Prefix

ġi-
* Alternative form of ġe-

## Old High German
### Alternative forms

* ga-, ki-, ka-

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.

### Prefix

gi-
* Used for forming the past participle.
* Forms perfective verbs from other verbs with a sense of completeness, or simply as an intensifier.
* Forms collective nouns.

#### Descendants

* Middle High German: ge-
** Alemannic German: g- or ge- (euphonic)
** Bavarian: g-
** German: ge-
** Luxembourgish: ge-
** Vilamovian: gy-
** Yiddish: גע־ (ge-)

## Old Saxon
### Alternative forms

* i-, ge-, ga-

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Germanic *ga-, from Proto-Indo-European *ḱóm.

### Prefix

gi-
* Used for forming the past participle.
    giboran (“born”)
    gifundan (“found”)
    gihētan (“called”)
    githāht (“thought”)
    gialdrod (“aged”)
* Forms perfective verbs from other verbs with a sense of completeness, or simply as an intensifier.
    gidōmian (“to doom”)
    gibrengian (“to accomplish”)
    gidēlian (“to distribute”)
    gifāhan (“to catch”)
    gifremmian (“to accomplish”)
    gifregnan (“to experience”)
    gifullian (“to fulfill”)
    gigarwian (“to prepare”)
    gigirnian (“to acquire”)
    gihaldan (“to keep”)
    gihalon (“to acquire”)
    gihētan (“to promise”)
    gihuggian (“to remember”)
    gimanagfaldon (“to multiply”)
* Forms collective nouns.
    gibūr (“neighbour”)
    gibrōthar (“brothers”)
    gisunfadar (“father and son”)
    giswestar (“siblings”)

#### Descendants

* Middle Low German: ge-
** Low German: ge-, e-, je-

## Phuthi
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *ngi-.

#### Prefix

gi-
* I; first-person singular subject concord.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *ngí-.

#### Prefix

gi-
* me; first-person singular object concord.

## Tagalog
### Etymology

From clipping of gitna.

### Pronunciation

* (Standard Tagalog) IPA: /ɡi/ [ɡɪ]
* Syllabification: gi-

### Prefix

gi- (Baybayin spelling ᜄᜒ)
* Alternative form of git-

#### Usage notes

* Used for roots starting in letter ⟨t⟩.