# xhuga
## Zulu
### Etymology

From the ideophone xhuge.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǁʰuːɡa/

### Verb

-xhuga
* (intransitive) to limp

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuxhuga |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuxhuga | ukungaxhugi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | xhuga | -xhuge |
| Plural | xhugani | -xhugeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaxhuga, ngixhuga | engixhugayo, engixhuga | ngixhuga | angixhugi | engingaxhugi | ngingaxhugi |
| 2nd singular | uyaxhuga, uxhuga | oxhugayo, oxhuga | uxhuga | awuxhugi | ongaxhugi | ungaxhugi |
| 1st plural | siyaxhuga, sixhuga | esixhugayo, esixhuga | sixhuga | asixhugi | esingaxhugi | singaxhugi |
| 2nd plural | niyaxhuga, nixhuga | enixhugayo, enixhuga | nixhuga | anixhugi | eningaxhugi | ningaxhugi |
| Class 1 | uyaxhuga, uxhuga | oxhugayo, oxhuga | exhuga | akaxhugi | ongaxhugi | engaxhugi |
| Class 2 | bayaxhuga, baxhuga | abaxhugayo, abaxhuga | bexhuga | abaxhugi | abangaxhugi | bengaxhugi |
| Class 3 | uyaxhuga, uxhuga | oxhugayo, oxhuga | uxhuga | awuxhugi | ongaxhugi | ungaxhugi |
| Class 4 | iyaxhuga, ixhuga | exhugayo, exhuga | ixhuga | ayixhugi | engaxhugi | ingaxhugi |
| Class 5 | liyaxhuga, lixhuga | elixhugayo, elixhuga | lixhuga | alixhugi | elingaxhugi | lingaxhugi |
| Class 6 | ayaxhuga, axhuga | axhugayo, axhuga | exhuga | awaxhugi | angaxhugi | engaxhugi |
| Class 7 | siyaxhuga, sixhuga | esixhugayo, esixhuga | sixhuga | asixhugi | esingaxhugi | singaxhugi |
| Class 8 | ziyaxhuga, zixhuga | ezixhugayo, ezixhuga | zixhuga | azixhugi | ezingaxhugi | zingaxhugi |
| Class 9 | iyaxhuga, ixhuga | exhugayo, exhuga | ixhuga | ayixhugi | engaxhugi | ingaxhugi |
| Class 10 | ziyaxhuga, zixhuga | ezixhugayo, ezixhuga | zixhuga | azixhugi | ezingaxhugi | zingaxhugi |
| Class 11 | luyaxhuga, luxhuga | oluxhugayo, oluxhuga | luxhuga | aluxhugi | olungaxhugi | lungaxhugi |
| Class 14 | buyaxhuga, buxhuga | obuxhugayo, obuxhuga | buxhuga | abuxhugi | obungaxhugi | bungaxhugi |
| Class 15 | kuyaxhuga, kuxhuga | okuxhugayo, okuxhuga | kuxhuga | akuxhugi | okungaxhugi | kungaxhugi |
| Class 17 | kuyaxhuga, kuxhuga | okuxhugayo, okuxhuga | kuxhuga | akuxhugi | okungaxhugi | kungaxhugi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngixhugile, ngixhugē | engixhugile, engixhugē | ngixhugile, ngixhugē | angixhuganga | engingaxhuganga | ngingaxhuganga |
| 2nd singular | uxhugile, uxhugē | oxhugile, oxhugē | uxhugile, uxhugē | awuxhuganga | ongaxhuganga | ungaxhuganga |
| 1st plural | sixhugile, sixhugē | esixhugile, esixhugē | sixhugile, sixhugē | asixhuganga | esingaxhuganga | singaxhuganga |
| 2nd plural | nixhugile, nixhugē | enixhugile, enixhugē | nixhugile, nixhugē | anixhuganga | eningaxhuganga | ningaxhuganga |
| Class 1 | uxhugile, uxhugē | oxhugile, oxhugē | exhugile, exhugē | akaxhuganga | ongaxhuganga | engaxhuganga |
| Class 2 | baxhugile, baxhugē | abaxhugile, abaxhugē | bexhugile, bexhugē | abaxhuganga | abangaxhuganga | bengaxhuganga |
| Class 3 | uxhugile, uxhugē | oxhugile, oxhugē | uxhugile, uxhugē | awuxhuganga | ongaxhuganga | ungaxhuganga |
| Class 4 | ixhugile, ixhugē | exhugile, exhugē | ixhugile, ixhugē | ayixhuganga | engaxhuganga | ingaxhuganga |
| Class 5 | lixhugile, lixhugē | elixhugile, elixhugē | lixhugile, lixhugē | alixhuganga | elingaxhuganga | lingaxhuganga |
| Class 6 | axhugile, axhugē | axhugile, axhugē | exhugile, exhugē | awaxhuganga | angaxhuganga | engaxhuganga |
| Class 7 | sixhugile, sixhugē | esixhugile, esixhugē | sixhugile, sixhugē | asixhuganga | esingaxhuganga | singaxhuganga |
| Class 8 | zixhugile, zixhugē | ezixhugile, ezixhugē | zixhugile, zixhugē | azixhuganga | ezingaxhuganga | zingaxhuganga |
| Class 9 | ixhugile, ixhugē | exhugile, exhugē | ixhugile, ixhugē | ayixhuganga | engaxhuganga | ingaxhuganga |
| Class 10 | zixhugile, zixhugē | ezixhugile, ezixhugē | zixhugile, zixhugē | azixhuganga | ezingaxhuganga | zingaxhuganga |
| Class 11 | luxhugile, luxhugē | oluxhugile, oluxhugē | luxhugile, luxhugē | aluxhuganga | olungaxhuganga | lungaxhuganga |
| Class 14 | buxhugile, buxhugē | obuxhugile, obuxhugē | buxhugile, buxhugē | abuxhuganga | obungaxhuganga | bungaxhuganga |
| Class 15 | kuxhugile, kuxhugē | okuxhugile, okuxhugē | kuxhugile, kuxhugē | akuxhuganga | okungaxhuganga | kungaxhuganga |
| Class 17 | kuxhugile, kuxhugē | okuxhugile, okuxhugē | kuxhugile, kuxhugē | akuxhuganga | okungaxhuganga | kungaxhuganga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāxhuga | engāxhuga | ngāxhuga | angixhuganga | engingaxhuganga | ngingaxhuganga |
| 2nd singular | wāxhuga | owāxhuga | wāxhuga | awuxhuganga | ongaxhuganga | ungaxhuganga |
| 1st plural | sāxhuga | esāxhuga | sāxhuga | asixhuganga | esingaxhuganga | singaxhuganga |
| 2nd plural | nāxhuga | enāxhuga | nāxhuga | anixhuganga | eningaxhuganga | ningaxhuganga |
| Class 1 | wāxhuga | owāxhuga | āxhuga | akaxhuganga | ongaxhuganga | engaxhuganga |
| Class 2 | bāxhuga | abāxhuga | bāxhuga | abaxhuganga | abangaxhuganga | bengaxhuganga |
| Class 3 | wāxhuga | owāxhuga | wāxhuga | awuxhuganga | ongaxhuganga | ungaxhuganga |
| Class 4 | yāxhuga | eyāxhuga | yāxhuga | ayixhuganga | engaxhuganga | ingaxhuganga |
| Class 5 | lāxhuga | elāxhuga | lāxhuga | alixhuganga | elingaxhuganga | lingaxhuganga |
| Class 6 | āxhuga | āxhuga | āxhuga | awaxhuganga | angaxhuganga | engaxhuganga |
| Class 7 | sāxhuga | esāxhuga | sāxhuga | asixhuganga | esingaxhuganga | singaxhuganga |
| Class 8 | zāxhuga | ezāxhuga | zāxhuga | azixhuganga | ezingaxhuganga | zingaxhuganga |
| Class 9 | yāxhuga | eyāxhuga | yāxhuga | ayixhuganga | engaxhuganga | ingaxhuganga |
| Class 10 | zāxhuga | ezāxhuga | zāxhuga | azixhuganga | ezingaxhuganga | zingaxhuganga |
| Class 11 | lwāxhuga | olwāxhuga | lwāxhuga | aluxhuganga | olungaxhuganga | lungaxhuganga |
| Class 14 | bāxhuga | obāxhuga | bāxhuga | abuxhuganga | obungaxhuganga | bungaxhuganga |
| Class 15 | kwāxhuga | okwāxhuga | kwāxhuga | akuxhuganga | okungaxhuganga | kungaxhuganga |
| Class 17 | kwāxhuga | okwāxhuga | kwāxhuga | akuxhuganga | okungaxhuganga | kungaxhuganga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaxhuga | — | ngingaxhuga | ngingexhuge | — | ngingexhuge |
| 2nd singular | ungaxhuga | — | ungaxhuga | ungexhuge | — | ungexhuge |
| 1st plural | singaxhuga | — | singaxhuga | singexhuge | — | singexhuge |
| 2nd plural | ningaxhuga | — | ningaxhuga | ningexhuge | — | ningexhuge |
| Class 1 | angaxhuga | — | engaxhuga | angexhuge | — | engexhuge |
| Class 2 | bangaxhuga | — | bengaxhuga | bangexhuge | — | bengexhuge |
| Class 3 | ungaxhuga | — | ungaxhuga | ungexhuge | — | ungexhuge |
| Class 4 | ingaxhuga | — | ingaxhuga | ingexhuge | — | ingexhuge |
| Class 5 | lingaxhuga | — | lingaxhuga | lingexhuge | — | lingexhuge |
| Class 6 | angaxhuga | — | engaxhuga | angexhuge | — | engexhuge |
| Class 7 | singaxhuga | — | singaxhuga | singexhuge | — | singexhuge |
| Class 8 | zingaxhuga | — | zingaxhuga | zingexhuge | — | zingexhuge |
| Class 9 | ingaxhuga | — | ingaxhuga | ingexhuge | — | ingexhuge |
| Class 10 | zingaxhuga | — | zingaxhuga | zingexhuge | — | zingexhuge |
| Class 11 | lungaxhuga | — | lungaxhuga | lungexhuge | — | lungexhuge |
| Class 14 | bungaxhuga | — | bungaxhuga | bungexhuge | — | bungexhuge |
| Class 15 | kungaxhuga | — | kungaxhuga | kungexhuge | — | kungexhuge |
| Class 17 | kungaxhuga | — | kungaxhuga | kungexhuge | — | kungexhuge |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoxhuga | engizoxhuga | ngizoxhuga | angizuxhuga | engingezuxhuga | ngingezuxhuga |
| 2nd singular | uzoxhuga | ozoxhuga | uzoxhuga | awuzuxhuga | ongezuxhuga | ungezuxhuga |
| 1st plural | sizoxhuga | esizoxhuga | sizoxhuga | asizuxhuga | esingezuxhuga | singezuxhuga |
| 2nd plural | nizoxhuga | enizoxhuga | nizoxhuga | anizuxhuga | eningezuxhuga | ningezuxhuga |
| Class 1 | uzoxhuga | ozoxhuga | ezoxhuga | akazuxhuga | ongezuxhuga | engezuxhuga |
| Class 2 | bazoxhuga | abazoxhuga | bezoxhuga | abazuxhuga | abangezuxhuga | bengezuxhuga |
| Class 3 | uzoxhuga | ozoxhuga | uzoxhuga | awuzuxhuga | ongezuxhuga | ungezuxhuga |
| Class 4 | izoxhuga | ezoxhuga | izoxhuga | ayizuxhuga | engezuxhuga | ingezuxhuga |
| Class 5 | lizoxhuga | elizoxhuga | lizoxhuga | alizuxhuga | elingezuxhuga | lingezuxhuga |
| Class 6 | azoxhuga | azoxhuga | ezoxhuga | awazuxhuga | angezuxhuga | engezuxhuga |
| Class 7 | sizoxhuga | esizoxhuga | sizoxhuga | asizuxhuga | esingezuxhuga | singezuxhuga |
| Class 8 | zizoxhuga | ezizoxhuga | zizoxhuga | azizuxhuga | ezingezuxhuga | zingezuxhuga |
| Class 9 | izoxhuga | ezoxhuga | izoxhuga | ayizuxhuga | engezuxhuga | ingezuxhuga |
| Class 10 | zizoxhuga | ezizoxhuga | zizoxhuga | azizuxhuga | ezingezuxhuga | zingezuxhuga |
| Class 11 | luzoxhuga | oluzoxhuga | luzoxhuga | aluzuxhuga | olungezuxhuga | lungezuxhuga |
| Class 14 | buzoxhuga | obuzoxhuga | buzoxhuga | abuzuxhuga | obungezuxhuga | bungezuxhuga |
| Class 15 | kuzoxhuga | okuzoxhuga | kuzoxhuga | akuzuxhuga | okungezuxhuga | kungezuxhuga |
| Class 17 | kuzoxhuga | okuzoxhuga | kuzoxhuga | akuzuxhuga | okungezuxhuga | kungezuxhuga |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoxhuga | engiyoxhuga | ngiyoxhuga | angiyuxhuga | engingeyuxhuga | ngingeyuxhuga |
| 2nd singular | uyoxhuga | oyoxhuga | uyoxhuga | awuyuxhuga | ongeyuxhuga | ungeyuxhuga |
| 1st plural | siyoxhuga | esiyoxhuga | siyoxhuga | asiyuxhuga | esingeyuxhuga | singeyuxhuga |
| 2nd plural | niyoxhuga | eniyoxhuga | niyoxhuga | aniyuxhuga | eningeyuxhuga | ningeyuxhuga |
| Class 1 | uyoxhuga | oyoxhuga | eyoxhuga | akayuxhuga | ongeyuxhuga | engeyuxhuga |
| Class 2 | bayoxhuga | abayoxhuga | beyoxhuga | abayuxhuga | abangeyuxhuga | bengeyuxhuga |
| Class 3 | uyoxhuga | oyoxhuga | uyoxhuga | awuyuxhuga | ongeyuxhuga | ungeyuxhuga |
| Class 4 | iyoxhuga | eyoxhuga | iyoxhuga | ayiyuxhuga | engeyuxhuga | ingeyuxhuga |
| Class 5 | liyoxhuga | eliyoxhuga | liyoxhuga | aliyuxhuga | elingeyuxhuga | lingeyuxhuga |
| Class 6 | ayoxhuga | ayoxhuga | eyoxhuga | awayuxhuga | angeyuxhuga | engeyuxhuga |
| Class 7 | siyoxhuga | esiyoxhuga | siyoxhuga | asiyuxhuga | esingeyuxhuga | singeyuxhuga |
| Class 8 | ziyoxhuga | eziyoxhuga | ziyoxhuga | aziyuxhuga | ezingeyuxhuga | zingeyuxhuga |
| Class 9 | iyoxhuga | eyoxhuga | iyoxhuga | ayiyuxhuga | engeyuxhuga | ingeyuxhuga |
| Class 10 | ziyoxhuga | eziyoxhuga | ziyoxhuga | aziyuxhuga | ezingeyuxhuga | zingeyuxhuga |
| Class 11 | luyoxhuga | oluyoxhuga | luyoxhuga | aluyuxhuga | olungeyuxhuga | lungeyuxhuga |
| Class 14 | buyoxhuga | obuyoxhuga | buyoxhuga | abuyuxhuga | obungeyuxhuga | bungeyuxhuga |
| Class 15 | kuyoxhuga | okuyoxhuga | kuyoxhuga | akuyuxhuga | okungeyuxhuga | kungeyuxhuga |
| Class 17 | kuyoxhuga | okuyoxhuga | kuyoxhuga | akuyuxhuga | okungeyuxhuga | kungeyuxhuga |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngixhuge | ngingaxhugi |
| 2nd singular | uxhuge | ungaxhugi |
| 1st plural | sixhuge | singaxhugi |
| 2nd plural | nixhuge | ningaxhugi |
| Class 1 | axhuge | angaxhugi |
| Class 2 | baxhuge | bangaxhugi |
| Class 3 | uxhuge | ungaxhugi |
| Class 4 | ixhuge | ingaxhugi |
| Class 5 | lixhuge | lingaxhugi |
| Class 6 | axhuge | angaxhugi |
| Class 7 | sixhuge | singaxhugi |
| Class 8 | zixhuge | zingaxhugi |
| Class 9 | ixhuge | ingaxhugi |
| Class 10 | zixhuge | zingaxhugi |
| Class 11 | luxhuge | lungaxhugi |
| Class 14 | buxhuge | bungaxhugi |
| Class 15 | kuxhuge | kungaxhugi |
| Class 17 | kuxhuge | kungaxhugi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaxhuga | ngangaxhuga, angaxhuga, angangaxhuga |
| 2nd singular | waxhuga | wangaxhuga, awaxhuga, awangaxhuga |
| 1st plural | saxhuga | sangaxhuga, asaxhuga, asangaxhuga |
| 2nd plural | naxhuga | nangaxhuga, anaxhuga, anangaxhuga |
| Class 1 | waxhuga | wangaxhuga, akaxhuga, akangaxhuga |
| Class 2 | baxhuga | bangaxhuga, abaxhuga, abangaxhuga |
| Class 3 | waxhuga | wangaxhuga, awaxhuga, awangaxhuga |
| Class 4 | yaxhuga | yangaxhuga, ayaxhuga, ayangaxhuga |
| Class 5 | laxhuga | langaxhuga, alaxhuga, alangaxhuga |
| Class 6 | axhuga | angaxhuga, awaxhuga, awangaxhuga |
| Class 7 | saxhuga | sangaxhuga, asaxhuga, asangaxhuga |
| Class 8 | zaxhuga | zangaxhuga, azaxhuga, azangaxhuga |
| Class 9 | yaxhuga | yangaxhuga, ayaxhuga, ayangaxhuga |
| Class 10 | zaxhuga | zangaxhuga, azaxhuga, azangaxhuga |
| Class 11 | lwaxhuga | lwangaxhuga, alwaxhuga, alwangaxhuga |
| Class 14 | baxhuga | bangaxhuga, abaxhuga, abangaxhuga |
| Class 15 | kwaxhuga | kwangaxhuga, akwaxhuga, akwangaxhuga |
| Class 17 | kwaxhuga | kwangaxhuga, akwaxhuga, akwangaxhuga |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “xhuga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “xhuga (6.3)”