# कार्य
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कार्य (kārya). Doublet of काज (kāj).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kɑːɾ.jᵊ/, [käːɾ.jᵊ]

### Noun

कार्य • (kārya) m (Urdu spelling کاریہ)
* work, task
    हमारा कार्य आज से शुरू होगा।hamārā kārya āj se śurū hogā.Our work will start from today.
    Synonym: काम (kām)
* action, operation
* business
* profession, job
    Synonym: नौकरी (naukrī)
* labor
* (physics) work

#### References

* Platts, John T. (1884) “कार्य”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.

## Marathi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit कार्य (kārya).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kaɾ.jə/

### Noun

कार्य • (kārya) m
* work, task (usually of greater significance than काम (kām))
* rite of passage, festal occasion
* (grammar) inflection

### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “कार्य”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Molesworth, James Thomas (1857) “कार्य”, in A dictionary, Marathi and English, Bombay: Printed for government at the Bombay Education Society's Press

## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কাৰ্য (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬵᬃᬬ (Balinese script)
* কার্য (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰯𑰨𑰿𑰧 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀸𑀭𑁆𑀬 (Brahmi script)
* ကာရျ (Burmese script)
* કાર્ય (Gujarati script)
* ਕਾਰ੍ਯ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌾𑌰𑍍𑌯 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦴꦫꦾ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂰𑂩𑂹𑂨 (Kaithi script)
* ಕಾರ್ಯ (Kannada script)
* កាយ៌ (Khmer script)
* ກາຣ຺ຍ (Lao script)
* കാര്യ (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠠ᠎᠊ᠠᡵᠶᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘰𑘨𑘿𑘧 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠠᢗᠷᠶ᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧑𑧈𑧠𑧇 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐵𑐬𑑂𑐫 (Newa script)
* କାର୍ଯ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢵꢬ꣄ꢫ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆳𑆫𑇀𑆪 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖯𑖨𑖿𑖧 (Siddham script)
* කාර්‍ය (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩛𑩼 𑪙𑩻 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚭𑚤𑚶𑚣 (Takri script)
* கார்ய (Tamil script)
* కార్య (Telugu script)
* การฺย (Thai script)
* ཀཱ་རྱ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒰𑒩𑓂𑒨 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨊𑨫𑩇𑨪 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Iranian *kā́ryas (“to be done”), from Proto-Indo-European *kʷór-yo-s, from the root *kʷer- (“to do, make”). Cognate with Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬌𐬭𐬌𐬌𐬀 (ka$^i$riia, “(that which is) to be done”).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɑː.ɾí.jɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkɑːɾ.jɐ/

### Participle

कार्य • (kāryà) (metrical Vedic kāríya)
* future passive participle of कृ (kṛ); to be made or done, to be prepared
** c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 3.24.5:शतहस्त समाहर सहस्रहस्त सं किर । कृतस्य कार्यस्य चेह स्फातिं समावह ॥śatahasta samāhara sahasrahasta saṃ kira. kṛtasya kāryasya ceha sphātiṃ samāvaha.O Hundred-handed, gather up. O Thousand-handed, pour thou forth. Bring hither the growth of the corn prepared and yet to be prepared.

### Adjective

कार्य • (kāryà) stem (metrical Vedic kāríya)
* fit to be done, proper, right

#### Declension
### Noun

कार्य • (kāryà) stem, n
* function, act, deed
* work, business, enterprise
* end, aim, result, effect
* any work or business to be done

#### Declension
### Descendants

* Gandhari: 𐨐𐨪𐨁𐨩 (kariya)
* Pali: kāriya
* Prakrit: 𑀓𑁂𑀭 (kera) (early grammaticalized possessive marker, see there for further descendants)
* Prakrit: 𑀓𑀚𑁆𑀚 (kajja)
** Magadhi Prakrit:
*** Bengali: কাজ (kaj)
*** Early Assamese: কায (kajo)
**** Assamese: কাজ (kaz)
** Maharastri Prakrit:
*** Old Marathi: काज (kāja)
** Sauraseni Prakrit:
*** Gujarati: કાજ (kāj)
*** Hindi: काज (kāj)

### Borrowed terms

* Classical Malay:
** > Malay: kerja (inherited)
*** > Indonesian: kerja, kerdja (pre-1947, 1947-1972) (inherited)
**** → As: kerja
*** → Javanese: ꦏꦼꦂꦗ (kerja)
*** → Minangkabau: karajo
* → Bengali: কার্য (karjo)
* → Hindi: कार्य (kārya)
* → Kannada: ಕಾರ್ಯ (kārya)
* → Old Javanese: kārya
** > Javanese: ꦏꦂꦪ (karya) (inherited)
*** → Malay: karya
**** > Indonesian: karya (inherited)
** → Balinese: ᬓᬃᬬ (karya)
* → Marathi: कार्य (kārya)
* → Tamil: காரியம் (kāriyam)

### Further reading

* Monier Williams (1899) “कार्य”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 276, column 1.