# qhina
## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-qhina$^?$
* (intransitive) to be clogged

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃʰiːna/

### Verb

-qhina
* (intransitive) to plait the hair

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuqhina |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqhina | ukungaqhini |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qhina | -qhine |
| Plural | qhinani | -qhineni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqhina, ngiqhina | engiqhinayo, engiqhina | ngiqhina | angiqhini | engingaqhini | ngingaqhini |
| 2nd singular | uyaqhina, uqhina | oqhinayo, oqhina | uqhina | awuqhini | ongaqhini | ungaqhini |
| 1st plural | siyaqhina, siqhina | esiqhinayo, esiqhina | siqhina | asiqhini | esingaqhini | singaqhini |
| 2nd plural | niyaqhina, niqhina | eniqhinayo, eniqhina | niqhina | aniqhini | eningaqhini | ningaqhini |
| Class 1 | uyaqhina, uqhina | oqhinayo, oqhina | eqhina | akaqhini | ongaqhini | engaqhini |
| Class 2 | bayaqhina, baqhina | abaqhinayo, abaqhina | beqhina | abaqhini | abangaqhini | bengaqhini |
| Class 3 | uyaqhina, uqhina | oqhinayo, oqhina | uqhina | awuqhini | ongaqhini | ungaqhini |
| Class 4 | iyaqhina, iqhina | eqhinayo, eqhina | iqhina | ayiqhini | engaqhini | ingaqhini |
| Class 5 | liyaqhina, liqhina | eliqhinayo, eliqhina | liqhina | aliqhini | elingaqhini | lingaqhini |
| Class 6 | ayaqhina, aqhina | aqhinayo, aqhina | eqhina | awaqhini | angaqhini | engaqhini |
| Class 7 | siyaqhina, siqhina | esiqhinayo, esiqhina | siqhina | asiqhini | esingaqhini | singaqhini |
| Class 8 | ziyaqhina, ziqhina | eziqhinayo, eziqhina | ziqhina | aziqhini | ezingaqhini | zingaqhini |
| Class 9 | iyaqhina, iqhina | eqhinayo, eqhina | iqhina | ayiqhini | engaqhini | ingaqhini |
| Class 10 | ziyaqhina, ziqhina | eziqhinayo, eziqhina | ziqhina | aziqhini | ezingaqhini | zingaqhini |
| Class 11 | luyaqhina, luqhina | oluqhinayo, oluqhina | luqhina | aluqhini | olungaqhini | lungaqhini |
| Class 14 | buyaqhina, buqhina | obuqhinayo, obuqhina | buqhina | abuqhini | obungaqhini | bungaqhini |
| Class 15 | kuyaqhina, kuqhina | okuqhinayo, okuqhina | kuqhina | akuqhini | okungaqhini | kungaqhini |
| Class 17 | kuyaqhina, kuqhina | okuqhinayo, okuqhina | kuqhina | akuqhini | okungaqhini | kungaqhini |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqhinile, ngiqhinē | engiqhinile, engiqhinē | ngiqhinile, ngiqhinē | angiqhinanga | engingaqhinanga | ngingaqhinanga |
| 2nd singular | uqhinile, uqhinē | oqhinile, oqhinē | uqhinile, uqhinē | awuqhinanga | ongaqhinanga | ungaqhinanga |
| 1st plural | siqhinile, siqhinē | esiqhinile, esiqhinē | siqhinile, siqhinē | asiqhinanga | esingaqhinanga | singaqhinanga |
| 2nd plural | niqhinile, niqhinē | eniqhinile, eniqhinē | niqhinile, niqhinē | aniqhinanga | eningaqhinanga | ningaqhinanga |
| Class 1 | uqhinile, uqhinē | oqhinile, oqhinē | eqhinile, eqhinē | akaqhinanga | ongaqhinanga | engaqhinanga |
| Class 2 | baqhinile, baqhinē | abaqhinile, abaqhinē | beqhinile, beqhinē | abaqhinanga | abangaqhinanga | bengaqhinanga |
| Class 3 | uqhinile, uqhinē | oqhinile, oqhinē | uqhinile, uqhinē | awuqhinanga | ongaqhinanga | ungaqhinanga |
| Class 4 | iqhinile, iqhinē | eqhinile, eqhinē | iqhinile, iqhinē | ayiqhinanga | engaqhinanga | ingaqhinanga |
| Class 5 | liqhinile, liqhinē | eliqhinile, eliqhinē | liqhinile, liqhinē | aliqhinanga | elingaqhinanga | lingaqhinanga |
| Class 6 | aqhinile, aqhinē | aqhinile, aqhinē | eqhinile, eqhinē | awaqhinanga | angaqhinanga | engaqhinanga |
| Class 7 | siqhinile, siqhinē | esiqhinile, esiqhinē | siqhinile, siqhinē | asiqhinanga | esingaqhinanga | singaqhinanga |
| Class 8 | ziqhinile, ziqhinē | eziqhinile, eziqhinē | ziqhinile, ziqhinē | aziqhinanga | ezingaqhinanga | zingaqhinanga |
| Class 9 | iqhinile, iqhinē | eqhinile, eqhinē | iqhinile, iqhinē | ayiqhinanga | engaqhinanga | ingaqhinanga |
| Class 10 | ziqhinile, ziqhinē | eziqhinile, eziqhinē | ziqhinile, ziqhinē | aziqhinanga | ezingaqhinanga | zingaqhinanga |
| Class 11 | luqhinile, luqhinē | oluqhinile, oluqhinē | luqhinile, luqhinē | aluqhinanga | olungaqhinanga | lungaqhinanga |
| Class 14 | buqhinile, buqhinē | obuqhinile, obuqhinē | buqhinile, buqhinē | abuqhinanga | obungaqhinanga | bungaqhinanga |
| Class 15 | kuqhinile, kuqhinē | okuqhinile, okuqhinē | kuqhinile, kuqhinē | akuqhinanga | okungaqhinanga | kungaqhinanga |
| Class 17 | kuqhinile, kuqhinē | okuqhinile, okuqhinē | kuqhinile, kuqhinē | akuqhinanga | okungaqhinanga | kungaqhinanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqhina | engāqhina | ngāqhina | angiqhinanga | engingaqhinanga | ngingaqhinanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqhina | owāqhina | wāqhina | awuqhinanga | ongaqhinanga | ungaqhinanga |
| 1st plural | sāqhina | esāqhina | sāqhina | asiqhinanga | esingaqhinanga | singaqhinanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqhina | enāqhina | nāqhina | aniqhinanga | eningaqhinanga | ningaqhinanga |
| Class 1 | wāqhina | owāqhina | āqhina | akaqhinanga | ongaqhinanga | engaqhinanga |
| Class 2 | bāqhina | abāqhina | bāqhina | abaqhinanga | abangaqhinanga | bengaqhinanga |
| Class 3 | wāqhina | owāqhina | wāqhina | awuqhinanga | ongaqhinanga | ungaqhinanga |
| Class 4 | yāqhina | eyāqhina | yāqhina | ayiqhinanga | engaqhinanga | ingaqhinanga |
| Class 5 | lāqhina | elāqhina | lāqhina | aliqhinanga | elingaqhinanga | lingaqhinanga |
| Class 6 | āqhina | āqhina | āqhina | awaqhinanga | angaqhinanga | engaqhinanga |
| Class 7 | sāqhina | esāqhina | sāqhina | asiqhinanga | esingaqhinanga | singaqhinanga |
| Class 8 | zāqhina | ezāqhina | zāqhina | aziqhinanga | ezingaqhinanga | zingaqhinanga |
| Class 9 | yāqhina | eyāqhina | yāqhina | ayiqhinanga | engaqhinanga | ingaqhinanga |
| Class 10 | zāqhina | ezāqhina | zāqhina | aziqhinanga | ezingaqhinanga | zingaqhinanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqhina | olwāqhina | lwāqhina | aluqhinanga | olungaqhinanga | lungaqhinanga |
| Class 14 | bāqhina | obāqhina | bāqhina | abuqhinanga | obungaqhinanga | bungaqhinanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqhina | okwāqhina | kwāqhina | akuqhinanga | okungaqhinanga | kungaqhinanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqhina | okwāqhina | kwāqhina | akuqhinanga | okungaqhinanga | kungaqhinanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqhina | — | ngingaqhina | ngingeqhine | — | ngingeqhine |
| 2nd singular | ungaqhina | — | ungaqhina | ungeqhine | — | ungeqhine |
| 1st plural | singaqhina | — | singaqhina | singeqhine | — | singeqhine |
| 2nd plural | ningaqhina | — | ningaqhina | ningeqhine | — | ningeqhine |
| Class 1 | angaqhina | — | engaqhina | angeqhine | — | engeqhine |
| Class 2 | bangaqhina | — | bengaqhina | bangeqhine | — | bengeqhine |
| Class 3 | ungaqhina | — | ungaqhina | ungeqhine | — | ungeqhine |
| Class 4 | ingaqhina | — | ingaqhina | ingeqhine | — | ingeqhine |
| Class 5 | lingaqhina | — | lingaqhina | lingeqhine | — | lingeqhine |
| Class 6 | angaqhina | — | engaqhina | angeqhine | — | engeqhine |
| Class 7 | singaqhina | — | singaqhina | singeqhine | — | singeqhine |
| Class 8 | zingaqhina | — | zingaqhina | zingeqhine | — | zingeqhine |
| Class 9 | ingaqhina | — | ingaqhina | ingeqhine | — | ingeqhine |
| Class 10 | zingaqhina | — | zingaqhina | zingeqhine | — | zingeqhine |
| Class 11 | lungaqhina | — | lungaqhina | lungeqhine | — | lungeqhine |
| Class 14 | bungaqhina | — | bungaqhina | bungeqhine | — | bungeqhine |
| Class 15 | kungaqhina | — | kungaqhina | kungeqhine | — | kungeqhine |
| Class 17 | kungaqhina | — | kungaqhina | kungeqhine | — | kungeqhine |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqhina | engizoqhina | ngizoqhina | angizuqhina | engingezuqhina | ngingezuqhina |
| 2nd singular | uzoqhina | ozoqhina | uzoqhina | awuzuqhina | ongezuqhina | ungezuqhina |
| 1st plural | sizoqhina | esizoqhina | sizoqhina | asizuqhina | esingezuqhina | singezuqhina |
| 2nd plural | nizoqhina | enizoqhina | nizoqhina | anizuqhina | eningezuqhina | ningezuqhina |
| Class 1 | uzoqhina | ozoqhina | ezoqhina | akazuqhina | ongezuqhina | engezuqhina |
| Class 2 | bazoqhina | abazoqhina | bezoqhina | abazuqhina | abangezuqhina | bengezuqhina |
| Class 3 | uzoqhina | ozoqhina | uzoqhina | awuzuqhina | ongezuqhina | ungezuqhina |
| Class 4 | izoqhina | ezoqhina | izoqhina | ayizuqhina | engezuqhina | ingezuqhina |
| Class 5 | lizoqhina | elizoqhina | lizoqhina | alizuqhina | elingezuqhina | lingezuqhina |
| Class 6 | azoqhina | azoqhina | ezoqhina | awazuqhina | angezuqhina | engezuqhina |
| Class 7 | sizoqhina | esizoqhina | sizoqhina | asizuqhina | esingezuqhina | singezuqhina |
| Class 8 | zizoqhina | ezizoqhina | zizoqhina | azizuqhina | ezingezuqhina | zingezuqhina |
| Class 9 | izoqhina | ezoqhina | izoqhina | ayizuqhina | engezuqhina | ingezuqhina |
| Class 10 | zizoqhina | ezizoqhina | zizoqhina | azizuqhina | ezingezuqhina | zingezuqhina |
| Class 11 | luzoqhina | oluzoqhina | luzoqhina | aluzuqhina | olungezuqhina | lungezuqhina |
| Class 14 | buzoqhina | obuzoqhina | buzoqhina | abuzuqhina | obungezuqhina | bungezuqhina |
| Class 15 | kuzoqhina | okuzoqhina | kuzoqhina | akuzuqhina | okungezuqhina | kungezuqhina |
| Class 17 | kuzoqhina | okuzoqhina | kuzoqhina | akuzuqhina | okungezuqhina | kungezuqhina |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqhina | engiyoqhina | ngiyoqhina | angiyuqhina | engingeyuqhina | ngingeyuqhina |
| 2nd singular | uyoqhina | oyoqhina | uyoqhina | awuyuqhina | ongeyuqhina | ungeyuqhina |
| 1st plural | siyoqhina | esiyoqhina | siyoqhina | asiyuqhina | esingeyuqhina | singeyuqhina |
| 2nd plural | niyoqhina | eniyoqhina | niyoqhina | aniyuqhina | eningeyuqhina | ningeyuqhina |
| Class 1 | uyoqhina | oyoqhina | eyoqhina | akayuqhina | ongeyuqhina | engeyuqhina |
| Class 2 | bayoqhina | abayoqhina | beyoqhina | abayuqhina | abangeyuqhina | bengeyuqhina |
| Class 3 | uyoqhina | oyoqhina | uyoqhina | awuyuqhina | ongeyuqhina | ungeyuqhina |
| Class 4 | iyoqhina | eyoqhina | iyoqhina | ayiyuqhina | engeyuqhina | ingeyuqhina |
| Class 5 | liyoqhina | eliyoqhina | liyoqhina | aliyuqhina | elingeyuqhina | lingeyuqhina |
| Class 6 | ayoqhina | ayoqhina | eyoqhina | awayuqhina | angeyuqhina | engeyuqhina |
| Class 7 | siyoqhina | esiyoqhina | siyoqhina | asiyuqhina | esingeyuqhina | singeyuqhina |
| Class 8 | ziyoqhina | eziyoqhina | ziyoqhina | aziyuqhina | ezingeyuqhina | zingeyuqhina |
| Class 9 | iyoqhina | eyoqhina | iyoqhina | ayiyuqhina | engeyuqhina | ingeyuqhina |
| Class 10 | ziyoqhina | eziyoqhina | ziyoqhina | aziyuqhina | ezingeyuqhina | zingeyuqhina |
| Class 11 | luyoqhina | oluyoqhina | luyoqhina | aluyuqhina | olungeyuqhina | lungeyuqhina |
| Class 14 | buyoqhina | obuyoqhina | buyoqhina | abuyuqhina | obungeyuqhina | bungeyuqhina |
| Class 15 | kuyoqhina | okuyoqhina | kuyoqhina | akuyuqhina | okungeyuqhina | kungeyuqhina |
| Class 17 | kuyoqhina | okuyoqhina | kuyoqhina | akuyuqhina | okungeyuqhina | kungeyuqhina |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqhine | ngingaqhini |
| 2nd singular | uqhine | ungaqhini |
| 1st plural | siqhine | singaqhini |
| 2nd plural | niqhine | ningaqhini |
| Class 1 | aqhine | angaqhini |
| Class 2 | baqhine | bangaqhini |
| Class 3 | uqhine | ungaqhini |
| Class 4 | iqhine | ingaqhini |
| Class 5 | liqhine | lingaqhini |
| Class 6 | aqhine | angaqhini |
| Class 7 | siqhine | singaqhini |
| Class 8 | ziqhine | zingaqhini |
| Class 9 | iqhine | ingaqhini |
| Class 10 | ziqhine | zingaqhini |
| Class 11 | luqhine | lungaqhini |
| Class 14 | buqhine | bungaqhini |
| Class 15 | kuqhine | kungaqhini |
| Class 17 | kuqhine | kungaqhini |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqhina | ngangaqhina, angaqhina, angangaqhina |
| 2nd singular | waqhina | wangaqhina, awaqhina, awangaqhina |
| 1st plural | saqhina | sangaqhina, asaqhina, asangaqhina |
| 2nd plural | naqhina | nangaqhina, anaqhina, anangaqhina |
| Class 1 | waqhina | wangaqhina, akaqhina, akangaqhina |
| Class 2 | baqhina | bangaqhina, abaqhina, abangaqhina |
| Class 3 | waqhina | wangaqhina, awaqhina, awangaqhina |
| Class 4 | yaqhina | yangaqhina, ayaqhina, ayangaqhina |
| Class 5 | laqhina | langaqhina, alaqhina, alangaqhina |
| Class 6 | aqhina | angaqhina, awaqhina, awangaqhina |
| Class 7 | saqhina | sangaqhina, asaqhina, asangaqhina |
| Class 8 | zaqhina | zangaqhina, azaqhina, azangaqhina |
| Class 9 | yaqhina | yangaqhina, ayaqhina, ayangaqhina |
| Class 10 | zaqhina | zangaqhina, azaqhina, azangaqhina |
| Class 11 | lwaqhina | lwangaqhina, alwaqhina, alwangaqhina |
| Class 14 | baqhina | bangaqhina, abaqhina, abangaqhina |
| Class 15 | kwaqhina | kwangaqhina, akwaqhina, akwangaqhina |
| Class 17 | kwaqhina | kwangaqhina, akwaqhina, akwangaqhina |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhina”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhina (6.3)”