# abstinens
## Latin
### Etymology

Present active participle of abstineō (“abstain”)

### Participle

abstinēns (genitive abstinentis, adverb abstinenter); third-declension one-termination participle
* abstaining
* abstinent

#### Declension

Third-declension participle.
$^1$When used purely as an adjective.

#### Derived terms

* abstinentia

#### Descendants

* Catalan: abstinent
* English: abstinent
* French: abstinent
* Italian: astinente
* → Norwegian Bokmål: abstinent
* Portuguese: abstinente
* Romanian: abstinent
* Spanish: abstinente

### References

* “abstinens”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “abstinens”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* abstinens in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Etymology

From Latin abstinentia (“abstinence, self-restraint; fasting”), from abstinēns (“abstraining, abstinent”), present participle of abstineō (“I withhold”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abstɪˈnɛns/, /apstɪˈnɛns/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛns
* Hyphenation: ab‧sti‧nens

### Noun

abstinens m (definite singular abstinensen, indefinite plural abstinenser, definite plural abstinensene)
* abstinence (the act or practice of abstaining, refraining from indulging a desire or appetite)
** 1900, Hans E. Kinck, Fru Anny Porse, page 89:nøisomhed og abstinensfrugality and abstinence
    Synonyms: avhold, avholdenhet
** specifically, the practice of abstaining from intoxicating/alcoholic beverages; teetotalism
** specifically, the practice of abstaining from drugs and narcotic substances, as well as tobacco
** (ecclesiastical) abstention from certain foods on days of penitential observance
    Synonym: abstinensdag
* withdrawal (a type of metabolic shock the body undergoes when a substance, usually a toxin such as heroin, to which a patient is dependent is withheld)
** 1974, Jens Bjørneboe, Haiene, page 211:han lallet, når han snakket, og han skalv på hendene som en dranker i abstinenshe whimpered as he spoke, and he shook his hands like a drunkard in withdrawal
** 2011 March 25, Adresseavisen, page 14:det nyfødte barnet ble behandlet for abstinens på grunn av morens rusmisbrukthe newborn baby was treated for withdrawal due to the mother's substance abuse
    ha symptom på abstinens
       have symptoms of withdrawal
* (colloquial, humorous) withdrawal symptoms in a humorous sense or the feeling of longing for something one is used to doing
    han fikk abstinenser da sommerjobben var over
       he got withdrawal symptoms when the summer job was over
** 2000 August 24, Dagbladet, page 38:– Jeg klarer ikke å ha ferie. Jeg hadde tenkt at dette skulle bli et hvileår, men fikk abstinens, sier [forfatter Ingvar] Ambjørnsen, som allerede er i gang med en ny roman- I can not have a holiday. I had thought that this would be a year of rest, but got withdrawal symptoms, says [author Ingvar] Ambjørnsen, who is already working on a new novel

#### Derived terms

* abstinensdag
* abstinenssymptom
* abstinent
* abstinere

### References

* “abstinens” in The Bokmål Dictionary.
* “abstinens” in Det Norske Akademis ordbok (NAOB).
* “abstinens (rusmidler)” in Store medisinske leksikon
* “abstinens (religion)” in Store norske leksikon

## Swedish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /abːstɪˈnɛnːs/

### Noun

abstinens c
* withdrawal (metabolic shock)

#### Synonyms

* abstinensbesvär

### Anagrams

* absintens