# -end
## English
### Alternative forms

* -and

### Etymology

From Latin -endus, a gerundive ending, related to -andus.

### Suffix

-end
* Forming nouns denoting patients or recipients of actions.
    addend, subtrahend, dividend

#### Synonyms

* (a patient): -and, -ee, -ed

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “a patient”): -er, -or, -ing

#### Derived terms
### Anagrams

* DEN, DNE, Den, Den., NDE, NED, Ned, den, edn., ned

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German -ende, from Old High German -enti, -anti, from Proto-West Germanic *-andī, from Proto-Germanic *-andz (present participle ending). Cognate with Dutch -end, Old English -ende. See English -and, -ing for more.
The gerundive use of the present participle goes back to the dative form of the Middle High German infinitive, which was sometimes enhanced with -d- through interaction with the present participle: ze lesene → ze lesende (“to read”). Placed before the noun, this construction was then reinterpreted as actually involving a participle, which lead to grammatical agreement: das zu lesende Buch, and thus by analogy ein zu lesendes Buch (“a book to [be] read”). Compare the etymologically correct construction in Dutch het/een te lezen boek.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ənt/
* Audio:(file)

### Suffix

-end
* A suffix forming the present participle of German verbs, analogous to English -ing.
    Weinend rief sie bei mir an. ― Crying, she called me [on the telephone].
    Die tanzenden Mädchen sind hübsch. ― The dancing girls are pretty.
    Er inseriert die zu vermietende Wohnung. (Gerundive use, cf. etymology above) ― He places an advert for the flat to be let out.

## Hungarian
### Etymology

From -amod / -emed.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɛnd]

### Suffix

-end
* (instantaneous suffix, rare) Added to a stem to form a verb with an instantaneous meaning.
    ör(öm) (“joy”), ör(ül) (“to be glad”) → örvend (“to rejoice at something”)
* (personal suffix, archaic) Added to a verb to form the future tense.
    Synonyms: majd, fog + infinitive
    te(nni) (“to do or put”) → teend (“s/he will do or put [something]”)
    le(nni) (“to be”) → leend (“s/he will be”)

#### Usage notes

* (both senses) Variants:
    -and is added to back-vowel verbs
    -end is added to front-vowel verbs

#### Derived terms

* -endő

### References

* ↑ -end in Zaicz, Gábor (ed.). Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (‘Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN. (See also its 2nd edition.)
* ↑ Kiss, Jenő and Ferenc Pusztai (eds.). A magyar nyelvtörténet kézikönyve (’A Handbook of Hungarian Linguistic History’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2018, page 145, section 3.2., →ISBN

## Ojibwe
### Final

-end
* act by thought on
* perceive by thought
* feel in the mind

#### Derived terms

* andawendan (“need, want”)
* ganawendan (“take care of, protect, keep”)
* gikendan (“know, realize, find out”)
* inendam (“think, decide, agree, consent”)
* maamakaadendaagwad (“be amazing, astonishing”)
* maanendam (“feel bad, depressed”)
* minwendam (“be happy, joyous, have a good time”)

### References

* The Ojibwe People's Dictionary https://ojibwe.lib.umn.edu/word-part/end-final

## Old English
### Alternative forms

* -and, -nd

### Etymology

From Proto-West Germanic *-andi, from Proto-Germanic *-andz, taken from the present participle form of verbs. See -ende.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /end/

### Suffix

-end
* suffix denoting the agent of an action; -er
    ‎āgan (“to own”) + ‎-end → ‎āgend (“owner”)
    ‎hǣlan (“to save”) + ‎-end → ‎hǣlend (“savior”)
    ‎lufian (“to love”) + ‎-end → ‎lufiend (“lover”)
    ‎sċildan (“to protect”) + ‎-end → ‎sċildend (“protector”)
    ‎timbran (“to build”) + ‎-end → ‎timbrend (“builder”)

#### Synonyms

* -a
* -ere