# ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϩⲱⲧⲉⲃ (hōteb) — Fayyumic
* ϩⲟⲧⲉⲃ (hoteb) — Fayyumic
* ϩⲱⲧⲃ (hōtb) — Sahidic
* ϩⲱⲧⲃⲉ (hōtbe) — Lycopolitan
* ⳉⲱⲧⲃⲉ (xōtbe) — Akhmimic

### Etymology

Inherited from Demotic ẖtb (“to kill”), from Egyptian ẖdb (“to kill”).

### Pronunciation

* (Old Bohairic) IPA: /ˈxoːtəb/
* (Late Bohairic) IPA: /ˈxudab/
* (Greco-Bohairic) IPA: /ˈxoteb/

### Verb

ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ • (xōteb) (nominal state ϧⲉⲧⲉⲃ- or ϧⲁⲧⲉⲃ-, pronominal state ϧⲟⲑⲃ⸗, conjunct participle ϧⲁⲑⲉⲃ-)
* (Bohairic, transitive, intransitive) to kill

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ xōteb | imperative | affirmative | ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ xōteb |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ štemxōteb | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀perxōteb |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tixōteb | ⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ kxōteb | ⲧⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ texōteb | ϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ fxōteb | ⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ sxōteb | ⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tenxōteb | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tetenxōteb | ⲥⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ sexōteb | ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ xōteb |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eixōteb | ⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ekxōteb | ⲉⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ erexōteb | ⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ efxōteb | ⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ esxōteb | ⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ enxōteb | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eretenxōteb | ⲉⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ euxōteb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ere- xōteb |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etixōteb | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etekxōteb | ⲉⲧⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etexōteb | ⲉⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etefxōteb | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etesxōteb | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etenxōteb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etetenxōteb | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etouxōteb | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ete- xōteb |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ naixōteb | ⲛⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nakxōteb | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ narexōteb | ⲛⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nafxōteb | ⲛⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nasxōteb | ⲛⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nanxōteb | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ naretenxōteb | ⲛⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nauxōteb | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nare- xōteb |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ aixōteb | ⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ akxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ arexōteb | ⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ afxōteb | ⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ asxōteb | ⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ anxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ aretenxōteb | ⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ auxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ are- xōteb |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tinaxōteb | ⲭⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ khnaxōteb | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ teraxōteb | ϥⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ fnaxōteb | ⲥⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ snaxōteb | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tennaxōteb | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tetennaxōteb | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ senaxōteb | ⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ naxōteb |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ einaxōteb | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ekhnaxōteb | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ erenaxōteb | ⲉϥⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ efnaxōteb | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ esnaxōteb | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ennaxōteb | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eretennaxōteb | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eunaxōteb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ere- naxōteb |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etinaxōteb | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etekhnaxōteb | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etenaxōteb | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etefnaxōteb | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etesnaxōteb | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etennaxōteb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etetennaxōteb | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etounaxōteb | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ete- naxōteb |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nainaxōteb | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nakhnaxōteb | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ narenaxōteb | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nafnaxōteb | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nasnaxōteb | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nannaxōteb | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ naretennaxōteb | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ naunaxōteb | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nare- naxōteb |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ainaxōteb | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ akhnaxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ arenaxōteb | ⲁϥⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ afnaxōteb | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ asnaxōteb | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ annaxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ aretennaxōteb | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ aunaxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ are- naxōteb |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ aixōteb | ⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ akxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ arexōteb | ⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ afxōteb | ⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ asxōteb | ⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ anxōteb | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ atetenxōteb | ⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ auxōteb | ⲁ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ a- xōteb |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pixōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pekxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pexōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pefxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pesxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀penxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀petenxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pouxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pe- xōteb |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eaixōteb | ⲉⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eakxōteb | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ earexōteb | ⲉⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eafxōteb | ⲉⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ easxōteb | ⲉⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eanxōteb | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eatetenxōteb | ⲉⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eauxōteb | ⲉⲁ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ea- xōteb |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pixōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pekxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pexōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pefxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pesxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀penxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀petenxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pouxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pe- xōteb |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etaixōteb | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etakxōteb | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etarexōteb | ⲉⲧⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etafxōteb | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etasxōteb | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etanxōteb | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etaretenxōteb | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etauxōteb | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eta- xōteb |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pixōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pekxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pexōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pefxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pesxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀penxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀petenxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pouxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pe- xōteb |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ neaixōteb | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ neakxōteb | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nearexōteb | ⲛⲉⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ neafxōteb | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ neasxōteb | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ neanxōteb | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ neatetenxōteb | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ neauxōteb | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nea- xōteb |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nem̀pixōteb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nem̀pekxōteb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nem̀pexōteb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nem̀pefxōteb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nem̀pesxōteb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nem̀penxōteb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nem̀petenxōteb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nem̀pouxōteb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nem̀pe- xōteb |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etaixōteb | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etakxōteb | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etarexōteb | ⲉⲧⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etafxōteb | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etasxōteb | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etanxōteb | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etaretenxōteb | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etauxōteb | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eta- xōteb |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀patixōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀patekxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀patexōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀patefxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀patesxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀patenxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀patetenxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀patouxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pate- xōteb |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀patixōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀patekxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀patexōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀patefxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀patesxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀patenxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀patetenxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀patouxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pate- xōteb |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀patixōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀patekxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀patexōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀patefxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀patesxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀patenxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀patetenxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀patouxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pate- xōteb |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀patixōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀patekxōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀patexōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀patefxōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀patesxōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀patenxōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀patetenxōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀patouxōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀pate- xōteb |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šaixōteb | ϣⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šakxōteb | ϣⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šarexōteb | ϣⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šafxōteb | ϣⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šasxōteb | ϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šanxōteb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šatetenxōteb | ϣⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šauxōteb | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šare- xōteb |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀paixōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pakxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀parexōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pafxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pasxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀panxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀paretenxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pauxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀pare- xōteb |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ešaixōteb | ⲉϣⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ešakxōteb | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ešarexōteb | ⲉϣⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ešafxōteb | ⲉϣⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ešasxōteb | ⲉϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ešanxōteb | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ešatetenxōteb | ⲉϣⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ešauxōteb | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ešare- xōteb |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀paixōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pakxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀parexōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pafxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pasxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀panxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀paretenxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pauxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pare- xōteb |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etšaixōteb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etšakxōteb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etšarexōteb | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etšafxōteb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etšasxōteb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etšanxōteb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etšatetenxōteb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etšauxōteb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etšare- xōteb |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀paixōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pakxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀parexōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pafxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pasxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀panxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀paretenxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pauxōteb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ etm̀pare- xōteb |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ našaixōteb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ našakxōteb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ našarexōteb | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ našafxōteb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ našasxōteb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ našanxōteb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ našatetenxōteb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ našauxōteb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ našare- xōteb |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀paixōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀pakxōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀parexōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀pafxōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀pasxōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀panxōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀paretenxōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀pauxōteb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ nam̀pare- xōteb |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀paixōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pakxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀parexōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pafxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pasxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀panxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀paretenxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pauxōteb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ em̀pare- xōteb |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eiexōteb | ⲉⲕⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ekexōteb | ⲉⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ erexōteb | ⲉϥⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ efexōteb | ⲉⲥⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ esexōteb | ⲉⲛⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ enexōteb | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ eretenexōteb | ⲉⲩⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ euexōteb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ere- xōteb |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹnaxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹnekxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹnexōteb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹnefxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹnesxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹnenxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹnetenxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹnouxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹne- xōteb |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ marixōteb | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ marefxōteb | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ maresxōteb | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ marenxōteb | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ marouxōteb | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ mare- xōteb |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀penthrixōteb | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀penthrefxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀penthresxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀penthrenxōteb | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀penthreuxōteb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ m̀penthre- xōteb |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹtaxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹtekxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹtexōteb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹtefxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹtesxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹtenxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹtetenxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹsexōteb, ǹtouxōteb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ ǹte- xōteb |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tarixōteb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tarekxōteb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tarexōteb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tarefxōteb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ taresxōteb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tarenxōteb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ taretenxōteb | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tarouxōteb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ tare- xōteb |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šatixōteb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šatekxōteb | ϣⲁⲧⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šatexōteb | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šatefxōteb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šatesxōteb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šatenxōteb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šatetenxōteb | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šatouxōteb | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ šate- xōteb |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ aišanxōteb | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ akšanxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ arešanxōteb | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ afšanxōteb | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ asšanxōteb | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ anšanxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ aretenšanxōteb | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ aušanxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ arešan- xōteb |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ aixōteb | ⲁⲕϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ akxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ arexōteb | ⲁϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ afxōteb | ⲁⲥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ asxōteb | ⲁⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ anxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ aretenxōteb | ⲁⲩϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ auxōteb | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ are- xōteb |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### Noun

ϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ • (xōteb) m
* (Bohairic) murder

#### Derived terms

* ⲣⲉϥϧⲱⲧⲉⲃ (refxōteb, “murderer”)

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN