# bʾlk'
## Middle Persian
### Etymology

Nyberg connects with the root *bar- (“to bring, carry”), which in some descendants has the meaning “to ride”, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer-.
On the other hand, Ałayan derives from the homonymous root *bar- (“to move rapidly, to storm”) (in Cheung *barH-), on which see Cheung and Bartholomae. From the initial unattested meaning “fast-moving” the senses “steed” and—in the Armenian and Turkic borrowings—“hunting dog” can be easily explained.
Cognate with Manichaean Middle Persian [script needed] (bʾrg /⁠bārag⁠/, “horse, mount”), Manichaean Parthian [Manichaean needed] (bʾrg /⁠bārag⁠/, “horse, mount”).

### Noun

bʾlk' • (bārag)
* mount, horse; steed

#### Descendants

* Persian: باره (bâre, “horse”)
** → Ottoman Turkish: باره (bâre, “horse”)
* → Old Armenian: բարակ (barak, “hunting dog”)
* → Turkic:
** Chagatai: بدق (badak, “a kind of hairy dog”)
** Karakalpak: барақ (baraq, “hairy (dog, man)”)
** Kazakh: барақ (baraq, “hairy; a breed of hairy dogs”)
** Kyrgyz: барак (barak, “hairy; a breed of hunting dogs”)
** Ottoman Turkish: براق (baraq, “a kind of hunting dog”)
*** Turkish: barak (“a breed of hairy hunting dogs”)
*** → Bulgarian: бара́к (barák)
*** → Romanian: barac
*** → Serbo-Croatian: bàrak
** Uyghur: باراق (baraq, “shaggy; long-haired”)
** Uzbek: baroq (“hairy”)

#### References

* MacKenzie, D. N. (1971) “bārag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 17
* Nyberg, H. S. (1974) “²bārak”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page burtan of 44a, 50b
* Boyce, Mary (1977) “bʾrg³”, in A word-list of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Acta Iranica 9a, Série 3 – “Textes et mémoires”, vol. 2-supplément)‎, with a reverse index by Ronald Zwanziger, Leiden, Tehran-Liège: E.J. Brill, Bibliothèque Pahlavi, page 26
* Durkin-Meisterernst, Desmond (2004) “bʾrg³”, in A Dictionary of Manichaean Middle Persian and Parthian (Corpus Fontium Manichaeorum; 3.1), Turnhout: Brepols, page 104b
* Aġayan, Ēduard (1974) Baṙakʻnnakan ew stugabanakan hetazotutʻyunner [Lexicological and Etymological Studies]‎ (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 36–41
* Cheung, Johnny (2007) “*barH”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 14
* Bartholomae, Christian (1904) “²bar-”, in Altiranisches Wörterbuch [Old Iranian Dictionary]‎ (in German), Strassburg: K. J. Trübner, column 943
* Budagov, Lazarʹ (1869) Sravnitelʹnyj slovarʹ turecko-tatarskix narěčij [Comparative Dictionary of Turko-Tatar Dialects] (in Russian), volume I, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 221b
* Budagov, Lazarʹ (1869) Sravnitelʹnyj slovarʹ turecko-tatarskix narěčij [Comparative Dictionary of Turko-Tatar Dialects] (in Russian), volume I, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 248a
* Budagov, Lazarʹ (1869) Sravnitelʹnyj slovarʹ turecko-tatarskix narěčij [Comparative Dictionary of Turko-Tatar Dialects] (in Russian), volume I, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 251a
* Eren, Hasan (1999) “barak”, in Türk Dilinin Etimolojik Sözlüğü [Etymological Dictionary of the Turkish Language] (in Turkish), Ankara: Bizim Büro Basım Evi, page 39