# -ök
## Hungarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [øk]
* Rhymes: -øk

### Etymology 1

From -ö- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (plural suffix).

#### Suffix

-ök
* (plural suffix) -s, -es
    ‎kör (“circle”) + ‎-ök → ‎körök (“circles”)
    ‎bűn (“sin”) + ‎-ök → ‎bűnök (“sins”)

##### Usage notes

* (plural suffix) Variants:
    -k is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-.
       ‎nő (“woman”) + ‎-k → ‎nők (“women”)
       ‎fa (“tree”) + ‎-k → ‎fák (“trees”)
       ‎csésze (“cup”) + ‎-k → ‎csészék (“cups”)
    -ak is added to some back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
       ‎ház (“house”) + ‎-ak → ‎házak (“houses”)
    -ok is added to most back-vowel words ending in a consonant:
       ‎pad (“bench”) + ‎-ok → ‎padok (“benches”)
    -ek is added to unrounded (and some rounded) front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
       ‎kert (“garden”) + ‎-ek → ‎kertek (“gardens”)
       ‎könyv (“book”) + ‎-ek → ‎könyvek (“books”)
    -ök is added to most rounded front-vowel words ending in a consonant:
       ‎kör (“circle”) + ‎-ök → ‎körök (“circles”)
* Note that the plural form is not used after definite and indefinite numerals in Hungarian: három könyv (“three books”), néhány óra múlva (“in a few hours’ time”). There are very few (traditional, archaic) exceptions, including háromkirályok (“the Three Magi”), mindenszentek (“All Saints”), and certain archaic phrases with összes (“all”) and minden (“every”) (see their Usage notes).
* The regular plural suffix for back-vowel adjectives is -ak, for example okosak (“smart/clever ones”). On the other hand, ethnonyms take -ok (e.g. olaszok (“Italians”), see the back-vowel terms in their category), as well as some other adjectives, including privative (“…-less”) ones (formed with -talan, -atlan, or -tlan). Rounded front-vowel adjectives normally take -ek, for example zöldek (“green ones”), except for demonyms (see rounded front-vowel terms in their category).
* If a word can be both a noun and an adjective, the form of its ending gives information about its function, e.g. játékosok (“players”, noun) and játékosak (“playful”, adjective as part of a plural predicate). The same distinction also exists with words with rounded front vowels, e.g. ismerős: ismerősök (“acquaintances”, noun) and ismerősek (“familiar”, adjective as part of a plural predicate).

### Etymology 2

From -ö- (linking vowel) +‎ -k (personal suffix).

#### Suffix

-ök
* (personal suffix) Forms the first-person singular present tense of verbs (indicative mood, indefinite conjugation).
    ‎böjtöl (“to fast”) + ‎-ök → ‎böjtölök (“I fast, I am fasting”)

##### Usage notes

| Person | Person | Back vowel | Front vowel | Front vowel |
| Person | Person | Back vowel | unrounded | rounded |
| én | 1st person singular | -ok | -ek | -ök |
| én | -ik verbs (optional) | -om | -em | -öm |
| te | 2nd person singular | -sz | -sz | -sz |
| te | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -asz | -esz | -esz |
| te | after s, sz, z, dz | -ol | -el | -öl |
| ő maga ön | 3rd person singular | – | – | – |
| ő maga ön | -ik verbs | -ik | -ik | -ik |
| mi | 1st person plural | -unk | -ünk | -ünk |
| ti | 2nd person plural | -tok | -tek | -tök |
| ti | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -otok | -etek | -ötök |
| ők maguk önök | 3rd person plural | -nak | -nek | -nek |
| ők maguk önök | after two consonants or a long vowel + t | -anak | -enek | -enek |
| See also: present-tense definite-object suffixes and second-person-object suffixes for informal addressing. |||||
* (personal suffix) Variants:
    -ok is added to back-vowel verbs
    -ek is added to unrounded front-vowel verbs
    -ök is added to rounded front-vowel verbs
    -om may be added to back-vowel -ik verbs
    -em may be added to unrounded front-vowel -ik verbs
    -öm may be added to rounded front-vowel -ik verbs

### See also

* Category:Hungarian noun forms
* Category:Hungarian verb forms
* Appendix:Hungarian suffixes