# 累積
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lěijī
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄟˇ ㄐㄧ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): leoi$^6$ zik$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): lûi-chit
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lúi-chek / lúi-chit / lūi-chek / lūi-che̍k
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lěijī
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄟˇ ㄐㄧ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lěiji
*** Wade–Giles: lei$^3$-chi$^1$
*** Yale: lěi-jī
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: leeiji
*** Palladius: лэйцзи (lɛjczi)
*** Sinological IPA : /leɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: leoi$^6$ zik$^1$
*** Yale: leuih jīk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loey$^6$ dzik$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêu$^6$ jig$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɵy̯²² t͡sɪk̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lûi-chit
*** Hakka Romanization System: lui$^ˊ$ jid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: lui$^1$ jid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /lu̯i²⁴ t͡sit̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lúi-chek
*** Tâi-lô: luí-tsik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: luyzeg
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lui⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Taipei): /lui⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lúi-chit
*** Tâi-lô: luí-tsit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: luycid
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lui⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sit̚⁵/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūi-chek
*** Tâi-lô: luī-tsik
*** Phofsit Daibuun: luixzeg
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lui³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lui³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lūi-che̍k
*** Tâi-lô: luī-tsi̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: luixzek
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lui³³⁻²¹ t͡siɪk̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lui³³⁻¹¹ t͡siɪk̚⁴/

### Verb

累積
* to accumulate; to gather; to build up; to clock up
    累積頻數／累积频数 ― lěijī pínshù ― cumulative frequency

#### Synonyms

* 攢／攒
* 沉積／沉积 (chénjī) (figurative)
* 疊／叠 (dié)
* 積累／积累 (jīlěi)
* 積聚／积聚 (jījù)
* 累加 (lěijiā)

### References

* “Entry #7796”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 累 | 積 |
| るい Grade: S | せき Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɾɯ̟ise̞kʲi]

### Noun

累(るい)積(せき) • (ruiseki)
* accumulation

#### Synonyms

* 積(つ)み重(かさ)なる (tsumikasanaru)
* 集積(しゅうせき) (shūseki)

### Verb

累(るい)積(せき)する • (ruiseki suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 累(るい)積(せき)し (ruiseki shi), past 累(るい)積(せき)した (ruiseki shita))
* accumulate

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 累積し | るいせきし | ruiseki shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 累積し | るいせきし | ruiseki shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 累積する | るいせきする | ruiseki suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 累積する | るいせきする | ruiseki suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 累積すれ | るいせきすれ | ruiseki sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 累積せよ¹ 累積しろ² | るいせきせよ¹ るいせきしろ² | ruiseki seyo¹ ruiseki shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 累積される | るいせきされる | ruiseki sareru |
| Causative | 累積させる 累積さす | るいせきさせる るいせきさす | ruiseki saseru ruiseki sasu |
| Potential | 累積できる | るいせきできる | ruiseki dekiru |
| Volitional | 累積しよう | るいせきしよう | ruiseki shiyō |
| Negative | 累積しない | るいせきしない | ruiseki shinai |
| Negative continuative | 累積せず | るいせきせず | ruiseki sezu |
| Formal | 累積します | るいせきします | ruiseki shimasu |
| Perfective | 累積した | るいせきした | ruiseki shita |
| Conjunctive | 累積して | るいせきして | ruiseki shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 累積すれば | るいせきすれば | ruiseki sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||