# 恫

| 恫 | U+606B, &#24683; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-606B |
| ← 恪 [U+606A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 恬 → [U+606C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

恫 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 心月一口 (PBMR), four-corner 9702$_0$, composition ⿰忄同)
* in pain, sorrowful

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 385, character 13
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10594
* Dae Jaweon: page 717, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2295, character 8
* Unihan data for U+606B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 鮦 | *duʔ, *doːŋ, *doŋʔ |
| 侗 | *tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ |
| 恫 | *tʰoːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 痌 | *tʰoːŋ |
| 同 | *doːŋ |
| 仝 | *zlon, *doːŋ |
| 銅 | *doːŋ |
| 桐 | *doːŋ |
| 峒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 硐 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 筒 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 洞 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 烔 | *doːŋ |
| 挏 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 酮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ |
| 鲖 |
| 眮 | *doːŋ, *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 衕 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 哃 | *doːŋ |
| 絧 | *doːŋ, *doːŋs |
| 姛 | *doːŋʔ |
| 詷 | *doːŋʔ, *doːŋs |
| 胴 | *doːŋs |
| 駧 | *doːŋs |
| 迵 | *doːŋs |
| 戙 | *doːŋs |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dòng (dong$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dung$^6$ / tung$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dòng
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^4$
*** Yale: dùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: donq
*** Palladius: дун (dun)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^6$ / tung$^1$
*** Yale: duhng / tūng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^6$ / tung$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^6$ / tung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ²²/, /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: thuwng, duwngH
Rime :
| Character | 恫 | 恫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 東 (1) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 他紅切 | 徒弄切 |
| Baxter | thuwng | duwngH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰuŋ/ | /duŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰuŋ/ | /duŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰuŋ/ | /duŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰəwŋ/ | /dəwŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰuŋ/ | /duŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰuŋ/ | /duŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰuŋ/ | /dʱuŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tōng | dòng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^1$ | dung$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰoːŋ/, /*doːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 恫 | 恫 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 12443 | 12470 |
| Phonetic component | 同 | 同 |
| Rime group | 東 | 東 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 通 | 洞 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰoːŋ/ | /*doːŋs/ |

### Definitions

恫
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Compounds

* 哀恫
* 恫喝 (dònghè)
* 恫嚇／恫吓 (dònghè)
* 恫疑虛喝／恫疑虚喝
* 恫疑虛猲／恫疑虚猲
* 恫瘝
* 恫瘝在抱
* 恫瘝在身
* 憁恫
* 虛聲恫嚇／虚声恫吓

### References

* “恫”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* feel pain
* threaten
* groan

#### Readings

* Go-on: ず (zu)、ずう (zū)、つう (tsū)
* Kan-on: とう (tō)
* Kan’yō-on: どう (dō)
* Kun: いたむ (itamu, 恫む)

## Korean
### Hanja

恫 • (tong) (hangeul 통, revised tong, McCune–Reischauer t'ong, Yale thong)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

恫: Hán Nôm readings: động, thông
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation