# քարբ
## Armenian
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Old Armenian քարբ (kʻarb).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /kʰɑɾb/, [kʰɑɾb]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /kɑɾp/, [kʰɑɾpʰ]

### Noun

քարբ • (kʻarb) (rare)
* a kind of serpent, asp, basilisk

#### Declension

i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian) :
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | քարբ (kʻarb) | քարբեր (kʻarber) |
| dative | քարբի (kʻarbi) | քարբերի (kʻarberi) |
| ablative | քարբից (kʻarbicʻ) | քարբերից (kʻarbericʻ) |
| instrumental | քարբով (kʻarbov) | քարբերով (kʻarberov) |
| locative | — | — |
| | definite forms | definite forms |
| nominative | քարբը/քարբն (kʻarbə/kʻarbn) | քարբերը/քարբերն (kʻarberə/kʻarbern) |
| dative | քարբին (kʻarbin) | քարբերին (kʻarberin) |
| | 1st person possessive forms (my) | 1st person possessive forms (my) |
| nominative | քարբս (kʻarbs) | քարբերս (kʻarbers) |
| dative | քարբիս (kʻarbis) | քարբերիս (kʻarberis) |
| ablative | քարբիցս (kʻarbicʻs) | քարբերիցս (kʻarbericʻs) |
| instrumental | քարբովս (kʻarbovs) | քարբերովս (kʻarberovs) |
| locative | — | — |
| | 2nd person possessive forms (your) | 2nd person possessive forms (your) |
| nominative | քարբդ (kʻarbd) | քարբերդ (kʻarberd) |
| dative | քարբիդ (kʻarbid) | քարբերիդ (kʻarberid) |
| ablative | քարբիցդ (kʻarbicʻd) | քարբերիցդ (kʻarbericʻd) |
| instrumental | քարբովդ (kʻarbovd) | քարբերովդ (kʻarberovd) |
| locative | — | — |

### References

* Aġayan, Ēduard (1976) “քարբ”, in Ardi hayereni bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Explanatory Dictionary of Contemporary Armenian] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Hayastan, page 1560c
* Čērēčean, Gnēl; Tōnikean, Pʻaramaz; Ter Xačʻaturean, Artašēs (1992) “քարբ”, in Hayocʻ lezui nor baṙaran [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Beirut: G. Doniguian & Fils, page 1091a
* Gabamačean, Simon (1910) “քարբ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hayerēn Lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Constantinople: R. Sakayan press, page 1368a
* Malxaseancʻ, Stepʻan (1944–1945) “քարբ”, in Hayerēn bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: State Publishing House, page 561c

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Unclear. Most likely derived from Proto-Indo-European *(s)ker- (“to cut”), but not directly inherited. A Mediterranean-Pontic substrate or an Iranian mediation is often postulated as donor: compare Ancient Greek σκορπίος (skorpíos, “scorpion; sea-fish”), Persian کروه (karva) and possibly also Latvian ķirpis (“woodboring beetle”).
Moreover, Arabic عَقْرَب (ʕaqrab, “scorpion”), Classical Syriac ܥܩܪܒܐ (‘eqarbā), Hebrew עַקְרָב (ʿaqrāḇ, “scorpion”) and Ancient Greek κάραβος (kárabos, “horned beetle; crayfish”) share phonetic similarities with this word as well. Martirosyan also finds connections with կարիճ (karič), կոր (kor) and the dialectal term քարպիճոն (kʻarpičon, “a kind of horny insect”).

### Noun

քարբ • (kʻarb)
* a kind of serpent, asp, basilisk
** 5th century, Basil of Caesarea, Yałags Vecʻawreay ararčʻutʻean [Homiliae in Hexaemeron] Homily IX: […] ո՞չ նայիցիմք ընդ առաքեալն Աստուծոյ, որպէս և գրեալ է ի պրակս առաքելոցն, թէ՝ մինչ դեռ զխռիւն ժողովէր Պաւղոս՝ իժ մի քարբ կախեցաւ զձեռանէ նորա […] […] o$^?$čʻ nayicʻimkʻ ənd aṙakʻealn Astucoy, orpēs ew greal ē i praks aṙakʻelocʻn, tʻē, minčʻ deṙ zxṙiwn žołovēr Pawłos, iž mi kʻarb kaxecʻaw zjeṙanē nora […]Translation by Robert W. ThomsonDo we not observe the Apostle of God, as is written in the Acts of the Apostles, how while Paul was gathering brushwood a scorpion hung from his hand […]

#### Derived terms

* քարբածնունդ (kʻarbacnund)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: քարբ (kʻarb) (learned), քարբի օձ (kʻarbi ōj) (dialectal)

#### See also

* իժ (iž)
* օձ (ōj)

### References

* ↑ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 101
* ↑ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979) “քարբ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, page 561a
* ↑ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010) “քարբ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 778b
* 1 2 Martirosyan, Hrach (2010) Etymological Dictionary of the Armenian Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 8), Leiden and Boston: Brill, pages 656-657
* ↑ Martirosyan, Hrach (2013) “The place of Armenian in the Indo-European language family: the relationship with Greek and Indo-Iranian”, in Journal of Language Relationship‎, number 10, page 116
* ↑ Barseġ Kesaracʻi (1984) Kim Muradyan, editor, Yałags Vecʻawreay ararčʻutʻean [Homiliae in Hexaemeron]‎, Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 313–314
* ↑ Thomson, Robert W. (2012) Saint Basil of Caesarea and Armenian Cosmology: A Study of the Armenian Version of Saint Basil's Hexaemeron and its Influence on Medieval Armenian Views about the Cosmos (Corpus scriptorum Christianorum Orientalium; 646. Subsidia; 130), Leuven: Peeters, page 241

### Further reading

* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “քարբ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 997a
* J̌axǰaxean, Manuēl (1837) “քարբ”, in Baṙgirkʻ i barbaṙ hay ew italakan [Armenian–Italian Dictionary], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 1472a
* Kʻaǰuni, Manuēl (1892) “քարբ”, in Baṙgirkʻ aruesticʻ ew gitutʻeancʻ ew gełecʻik dprutʻeancʻ [Dictionary of Arts and Sciences and Belles Lettres], volume II (overall work in Old Armenian and French), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 252
* Malxaseancʻ, Stepʻan (1945) “քարբ”, in Hayerēn bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, Yerevan: State Publishing House, page 561c
* Ġazarean, Ṙubēn (2006) “քարբ”, in Grabari homanišneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Old Armenian Synonyms], Yerevan: University Press, page 691a
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “քարբ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 747a