# 凜

| 凜 | U+51DC, &#20956; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-51DC |
| ← 凛 [U+51DB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 凝 → [U+51DD] |
| 凜 | U+F954, &#63828; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F954 |
| ← 肋 [U+F953] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 凌 → [U+F955] |

## Translingual
### Han character

凜 (Kangxi radical 15, 冫+13, 15 strokes, cangjie input 戈一卜田木 (IMYWD), four-corner 3019$_1$, composition ⿰冫稟)
* shiver with cold or fear
* fearful

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 133, character 44
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 1717
* Dae Jaweon: page 298, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 301, character 13
* Unihan data for U+51DC
* Unihan data for U+F954

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 凜
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 燷 | *b·ruːm |
| 壈 | *b·ruːmʔ |
| 燣 | *b·ruːmʔ |
| 顲 | *b·ruːmʔ, *b·ruːms, *b·rumʔ |
| 稟 | *prɯmʔ |
| 廩 | *b·rɯmʔ |
| 懍 | *b·rɯmʔ |
| 凜 | *b·rɯmʔ, *ɡrɯm |
| 癛 | *b·rɯmʔ |
| 檁 | *b·rɯmʔ |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǐn (lin$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): lam$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lím
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lǐn
*** Wade–Giles: lin$^3$
*** Yale: lǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liin
*** Palladius: линь (linʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lin²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: lam$^5$
*** Yale: láhm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: lam$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lem$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɐm¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lím
*** Tâi-lô: lím
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liem
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lim⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lim⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lim⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lim⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lim⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: gim, limX
Rime :
| Character | 凜 | 凜 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 群 (30) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 巨金切 | 力稔切 |
| Baxter | gim | limX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɡˠiɪm/ | /liɪm$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɡᵚim/ | /lim$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɡiem/ | /ljem$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /gjim/ | /lim$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɡjəm/ | /liəm$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɡĭĕm/ | /lĭĕm$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /gi̯əm/ | /li̯əm$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qín | lǐn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | kam$^4$ | lam$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[r][ə]mʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*b·rɯmʔ/, /*ɡrɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 凜 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lǐn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lim$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r][ə]mʔ/ |
| English | cold |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 凜 | 凜 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 909 | 913 |
| Phonetic component | 禀 | 禀 |
| Rime group | 侵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 廩 | 琴 |
| Old Chinese | /*b·rɯmʔ/ | /*ɡrɯm/ |

### Definitions

凜
* freezing cold
    凜冽／凛冽 ― lǐnliè ― freezing cold
* solemn
    凜然／凛然 ― lǐnrán ― stern; awe-inspiring
* (literary) fearful (Can we add an example for this sense?)

#### Compounds

* 凜冽／凛冽 (lǐnliè)
* 凜凜／凛凛 (lǐnlǐn)
* 凜凜冽冽／凛凛冽冽
* 凜慄／凛栗
* 凜然／凛然 (lǐnrán)
* 凜然難犯／凛然难犯
* 凜遵／凛遵 (lǐn zūn)
* 大義凜然／大义凛然 (dàyìlǐnrán)
* 威風凜凜／威风凛凛 (wēifēnglǐnlǐn)
* 道貌凜然／道貌凛然
* 黑凜凜／黑凛凛

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: りん (rin)
* Kan-on: りん (rin)
* Kun: きびしい (kibishii, 凜い)

### Proper noun

凜(りん) • (Rin)
* a female given name

## Korean
### Hanja

凜 (eum 름 (reum))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

凜: Hán Nôm readings: lẫm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.