# 碳

| 碳 | U+78B3, &#30899; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78B3 |
| ← 碲 [U+78B2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 碴 → [U+78B4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

碳 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一口山大火 (MRUKF) or 一口山一火 (MRUMF), four-corner 1268$_9$, composition ⿰石炭)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 833, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24363
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2443, character 10
* Unihan data for U+78B3

## Chinese

* 碳

### Glyph origin

Ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : 石 (“(chemical nomenclature) non-metal solid”) + 炭 (“charcoal”). Also a phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) , with 炭 (tàn) as a phonetic component.

### Etymology

From 炭 (tàn, “charcoal”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tàn (tan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): taan$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): than
* Eastern Min (BUC): táng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thòaⁿ / thàn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tuan$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$the
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tàn
*** Wade–Giles: tʻan$^4$
*** Yale: tàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tann
*** Palladius: тань (tanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: taan$^3$
*** Yale: taan
*** Cantonese Pinyin: taan$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tan$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰaːn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: than
*** Hakka Romanization System: tan
*** Hagfa Pinyim: tan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /tʰan⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: táng
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɑŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thòaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: thuànn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tvoax
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰuã¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰuã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /tʰuã²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thàn
*** Tâi-lô: thàn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: taxn
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰan²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰan⁴¹/
* thòaⁿ - vernacular;
* thàn - literary.

### Definitions

碳
* (chemistry) carbon
* (ecology) carbon emissions (in the context of global warming and climate change)

### Compounds

* 一氧化碳 (yīyǎnghuàtàn)
* 中碳鋼／中碳钢
* 二氧化碳 (èryǎnghuàtàn)
* 低碳 (dītàn)
* 低碳經濟／低碳经济 (dītàn jīngjì)
* 氟碳塑膠／氟碳塑胶
* 活性碳
* 矽碳棒
* 碳化 (tànhuà)
* 碳化物 (tànhuàwù)
* 碳化硅 (tànhuàguī)
* 碳化鐵／碳化铁
* 碳循環／碳循环 (tànxúnhuán)
* 碳氫化合物／碳氢化合物 (tàn-qīng huàhéwù)
* 碳水化合物 (tànshuǐ huàhéwù)
* 碳素鋼／碳素钢
* 碳纖維／碳纤维 (tànxiānwéi)
* 碳酸 (tànsuān)
* 碳酸氣／碳酸气 (tànsuānqì)
* 碳酸氫鹽／碳酸氢盐 (tànsuān qīng yán)
* 碳酸鈣／碳酸钙 (tànsuāngài)
* 碳鋼／碳钢 (tàngāng)
* 碳黑
* 高碳鋼／高碳钢

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: たん (tan)
* Kan-on: たん (tan)

## Korean
### Hanja

碳 (eum 탄 (tan))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

碳: Hán Nôm readings: thán
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.