# ⲓⲣⲓ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲉⲓⲣⲉ (eire) — Sahidic, Akhmimic, Lycopolitan
* ⲓⲗⲓ (ili) — Fayyumic
* ⲓⲣⲉ (ire) — Lycopolitan

### Verb

ⲓⲣⲓ • (iri) (nominal state ⲉⲣ-, pronominal state ⲁⲓ⸗, stative ⲟⲓ⸗)
* (Bohairic) to make
* (Bohairic) to do

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲓⲣⲓ iri | imperative | affirmative | ⲓⲣⲓ iri |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲣⲓ štemiri | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲓⲣⲓ m̀periri |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲓⲣⲓ tiiri | ⲭⲓⲣⲓ khiri | ⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ teiri | ϥⲓⲣⲓ firi | ⲥⲓⲣⲓ siri | ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ teniri | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ teteniri | ⲥⲉⲓⲣⲓ seiri | ⲓⲣⲓ iri |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲓⲣⲓ eiiri | ⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ ekhiri | ⲉⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ ereiri | ⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ efiri | ⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ esiri | ⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ eniri | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ ereteniri | ⲉⲩⲓⲣⲓ euiri | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ ere- iri |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲓⲣⲓ etiiri | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ etekhiri | ⲉⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ eteiri | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ etefiri | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ etesiri | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ eteniri | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ eteteniri | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ etouiri | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ ete- iri |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ naiiri | ⲛⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ nakhiri | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ nareiri | ⲛⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ nafiri | ⲛⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ nasiri | ⲛⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ naniri | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nareteniri | ⲛⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ nauiri | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ nare- iri |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ aiiri | ⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ akhiri | ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ areiri | ⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ afiri | ⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ asiri | ⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ aniri | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ areteniri | ⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ auiri | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ are- iri |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ tinairi | ⲭⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ khnairi | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲓⲣⲓ terairi | ϥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ fnairi | ⲥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ snairi | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ tennairi | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ tetennairi | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ senairi | ⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nairi |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ einairi | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ekhnairi | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ erenairi | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ efnairi | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ esnairi | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ennairi | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ eretennairi | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ eunairi | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ere- nairi |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etinairi | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etekhnairi | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etenairi | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etefnairi | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etesnairi | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etennairi | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etetennairi | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ etounairi | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ete- nairi |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nainairi | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nakhnairi | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ narenairi | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nafnairi | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nasnairi | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nannairi | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ naretennairi | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ naunairi | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ nare- nairi |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ainairi | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ akhnairi | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ arenairi | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ afnairi | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ asnairi | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ annairi | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ aretennairi | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ aunairi | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ are- nairi |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ aiiri | ⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ akhiri | ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ areiri | ⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ afiri | ⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ asiri | ⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ aniri | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ ateteniri | ⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ auiri | ⲁ- ⲓⲣⲓ a- iri |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲣⲓ m̀piiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ m̀pekhiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓⲣⲓ m̀peiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ m̀pefiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ m̀pesiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ m̀peniri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ m̀peteniri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ m̀pouiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ m̀pe- iri |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ eaiiri | ⲉⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ eakhiri | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ eareiri | ⲉⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ eafiri | ⲉⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ easiri | ⲉⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ eaniri | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ eateteniri | ⲉⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ eauiri | ⲉⲁ- ⲓⲣⲓ ea- iri |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲣⲓ em̀piiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ em̀pekhiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓⲣⲓ em̀peiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ em̀pefiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ em̀pesiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ em̀peniri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ em̀peteniri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ em̀pouiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ em̀pe- iri |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ etaiiri | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ etakhiri | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ etareiri | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ etafiri | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ etasiri | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ etaniri | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ etareteniri | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ etauiri | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲓⲣⲓ eta- iri |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲣⲓ etm̀piiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pekhiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓⲣⲓ etm̀peiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pefiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pesiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ etm̀peniri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ etm̀peteniri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pouiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pe- iri |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ neaiiri | ⲛⲉⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ neakhiri | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ neareiri | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ neafiri | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ neasiri | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ neaniri | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ neateteniri | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ neauiri | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲓⲣⲓ nea- iri |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲣⲓ nem̀piiri | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ nem̀pekhiri | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓⲣⲓ nem̀peiri | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ nem̀pefiri | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ nem̀pesiri | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nem̀peniri | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nem̀peteniri | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ nem̀pouiri | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ nem̀pe- iri |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ etaiiri | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ etakhiri | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ etareiri | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ etafiri | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ etasiri | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ etaniri | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ etareteniri | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ etauiri | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲓⲣⲓ eta- iri |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲓⲣⲓ m̀patiiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ m̀patekhiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ m̀pateiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ m̀patefiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ m̀patesiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ m̀pateniri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ m̀pateteniri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ m̀patouiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ m̀pate- iri |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲓⲣⲓ em̀patiiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ em̀patekhiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ em̀pateiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ em̀patefiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ em̀patesiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ em̀pateniri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ em̀pateteniri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ em̀patouiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ em̀pate- iri |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲓⲣⲓ etm̀patiiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ etm̀patekhiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pateiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ etm̀patefiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ etm̀patesiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pateniri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pateteniri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ etm̀patouiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pate- iri |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲓⲣⲓ nam̀patiiri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ nam̀patekhiri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ nam̀pateiri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ nam̀patefiri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ nam̀patesiri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nam̀pateniri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nam̀pateteniri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ nam̀patouiri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ nam̀pate- iri |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ šaiiri | ϣⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ šakhiri | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ šareiri | ϣⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ šafiri | ϣⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ šasiri | ϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ šaniri | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ šateteniri | ϣⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ šauiri | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ šare- iri |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ m̀paiiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ m̀pakhiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ m̀pareiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ m̀pafiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ m̀pasiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ m̀paniri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ m̀pareteniri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ m̀pauiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ m̀pare- iri |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ ešaiiri | ⲉϣⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ ešakhiri | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ ešareiri | ⲉϣⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ ešafiri | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ ešasiri | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ ešaniri | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ ešateteniri | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ ešauiri | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ ešare- iri |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ em̀paiiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ em̀pakhiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ em̀pareiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ em̀pafiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ em̀pasiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ em̀paniri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ em̀pareteniri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ em̀pauiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ em̀pare- iri |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ etšaiiri | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ etšakhiri | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ etšareiri | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ etšafiri | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ etšasiri | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ etšaniri | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ etšateteniri | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ etšauiri | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ etšare- iri |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ etm̀paiiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pakhiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pareiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pafiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pasiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ etm̀paniri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pareteniri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pauiri | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ etm̀pare- iri |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ našaiiri | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ našakhiri | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ našareiri | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ našafiri | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ našasiri | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ našaniri | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ našateteniri | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ našauiri | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ našare- iri |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ nam̀paiiri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ nam̀pakhiri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ nam̀pareiri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ nam̀pafiri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ nam̀pasiri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ nam̀paniri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ nam̀pareteniri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ nam̀pauiri | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ nam̀pare- iri |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ em̀paiiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ em̀pakhiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ em̀pareiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ em̀pafiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ em̀pasiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ em̀paniri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ em̀pareteniri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ em̀pauiri | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ em̀pare- iri |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲓⲣⲓ eieiri | ⲉⲕⲉⲓⲣⲓ ekeiri | ⲉⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ ereiri | ⲉϥⲉⲓⲣⲓ efeiri | ⲉⲥⲉⲓⲣⲓ eseiri | ⲉⲛⲉⲓⲣⲓ eneiri | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲓⲣⲓ ereteneiri | ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲣⲓ eueiri | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ ere- iri |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲓⲣⲓ ǹnairi | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ ǹnekhiri | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲓⲣⲓ ǹneiri | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ ǹnefiri | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ ǹnesiri | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ ǹneniri | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ ǹneteniri | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ ǹnouiri | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ ǹne- iri |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲓⲣⲓ mariiri | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ marefiri | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ maresiri | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ mareniri | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ marouiri | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ mare- iri |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲓⲣⲓ m̀penthriiri | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ m̀penthrefiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ m̀penthresiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ m̀penthreniri | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲓⲣⲓ m̀penthreuiri | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ m̀penthre- iri |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲓⲣⲓ ǹtairi | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ ǹtekhiri | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ ǹteiri | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ ǹtefiri | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ ǹtesiri | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ ǹteniri | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ ǹteteniri | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲓⲣⲓ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ ǹseiri, ǹtouiri | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ ǹte- iri |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲓⲣⲓ tariiri | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ tarekhiri | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ tareiri | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ tarefiri | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ taresiri | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ tareniri | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ tareteniri | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ tarouiri | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ tare- iri |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲓⲣⲓ šatiiri | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲣⲓ šatekhiri | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲓⲣⲓ šateiri | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲣⲓ šatefiri | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲣⲓ šatesiri | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ šateniri | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ šateteniri | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲣⲓ šatouiri | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ šate- iri |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ aišaniri | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ akšaniri | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ arešaniri | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ afšaniri | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ asšaniri | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ anšaniri | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ aretenšaniri | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ aušaniri | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲓⲣⲓ arešan- iri |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲓⲣⲓ aiiri | ⲁⲭⲓⲣⲓ akhiri | ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲣⲓ areiri | ⲁϥⲓⲣⲓ afiri | ⲁⲥⲓⲣⲓ asiri | ⲁⲛⲓⲣⲓ aniri | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲣⲓ areteniri | ⲁⲩⲓⲣⲓ auiri | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲣⲓ are- iri |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 48
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 83