# 懇

| 懇 | U+61C7, &#25031; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-61C7 |
| ← 懆 [U+61C6] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 懈 → [U+61C8] |

## Translingual
### Han character

懇 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+13, 17 strokes, cangjie input 月女心 (BVP), four-corner 2733$_3$, composition ⿱貇心)

#### Derived characters

* 𡄩, 𧄅

#### Related characters

* 恳 (Simplified Chinese)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 405, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 11326
* Dae Jaweon: page 745, character 28
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2358, character 12
* Unihan data for U+61C7

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 艱 | *krɯːn |
| 齦 | *kʰrɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *ŋɯn |
| 眼 | *ŋrɯːnʔ |
| 蛝 | *ɡrɯːn |
| 限 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 硍 | *ɡrɯːnʔ |
| 豤 | *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰɯːnʔ, *kʰuːn |
| 詪 | *ɡlɯːnʔ, *kɯːnʔ, *kɯːns |
| 根 | *kɯːn |
| 跟 | *kɯːn |
| 珢 | *kɯːn, *kɯːns, *ŋrɯn |
| 艮 | *kɯːns |
| 茛 | *kɯːns |
| 墾 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 懇 | *kʰɯːnʔ |
| 垠 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn, *ŋɯn |
| 泿 | *ŋɯːn, *ŋrɯn |
| 痕 | *ɡɯːn |
| 拫 | *ɡɯːn |
| 鞎 | *ɡɯːn |
| 很 | *ɡɯːnʔ |
| 恨 | *ɡɯːns |
| 銀 | *ŋrɯn |
| 檭 | *ŋrɯn |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kěn (ken$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): han$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): khién
    (Meixian, Guangdong): kên$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khún
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kěn
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kěn
*** Wade–Giles: kʻên$^3$
*** Yale: kěn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: keen
*** Palladius: кэнь (kɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰən²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: han$^2$
*** Yale: hán
*** Cantonese Pinyin: han$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hen$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khién
*** Hakka Romanization System: kien$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: kian$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯en³¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: kên$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kʰɛn³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khún
*** Tâi-lô: khún
*** Phofsit Daibuun: quon
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰun⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰun⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰun⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: khonX
Rime :
| Character | 懇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 痕 (53) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 康很切 |
| Baxter | khonX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰən$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kěn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | han$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰɯːnʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 懇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 3931 |
| Phonetic component | 艮 |
| Rime group | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 墾 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰɯːnʔ/ |
| Notes | 見通俗文 |

### Definitions

懇
* sincere; earnest; cordial
* to beg; to request

### Compounds

* 乞懇／乞恳
* 勤懇／勤恳 (qínkěn)
* 哀懇／哀恳
* 奉懇／奉恳
* 婚姻懇談／婚姻恳谈
* 情詞懇切／情词恳切
* 懇切／恳切 (kěnqiè)
* 懇到／恳到
* 懇悃／恳悃
* 懇惻／恳恻
* 懇愊／恳愊
* 懇懇／恳恳
* 懇摯／恳挚 (kěnzhì)
* 懇求／恳求 (kěnqiú)
* 懇至／恳至
* 懇親／恳亲
* 懇親會／恳亲会
* 懇言／恳言
* 懇託／恳托
* 懇談／恳谈 (kěntán)
* 懇請／恳请 (kěnqǐng)
* 懇辭／恳辞
* 懇願／恳愿 (kěnyuàn)
* 拜懇／拜恳
* 敬懇者／敬恳者
* 精懇／精恳
* 累懇／累恳
* 茲懇者／兹恳者
* 誠懇／诚恳 (chéngkěn)
* 諄懇／谆恳

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* earnest, sincere

#### Readings

* Go-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: こん (kon, Jōyō)
* Kun: ねんごろ (nengoro, 懇ろ, Jōyō)

## Korean
### Hanja

懇 • (gan) (hangeul 간, revised gan, McCune–Reischauer kan, Yale kan)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

懇: Hán Nôm readings: khấn
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.