# shukuma
## Fanagalo
### Etymology

From Zulu -shukuma.

### Verb

shukuma
* to move, to stir

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-shúkuma
* (intransitive) to move, to stir

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* -shukumisa

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-shukuma$^?$
* (intransitive) to move, to stir

#### Inflection

Tone unknown :
| Infinitive | ukushukuma |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukushukuma | ukungashukumi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | shukuma | -shukume |
| Plural | shukumani | -shukumeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyashukuma, ngishukuma | engishukumayo, engishukuma | ngishukuma | angishukumi | engingashukumi | ngingashukumi |
| 2nd singular | uyashukuma, ushukuma | oshukumayo, oshukuma | ushukuma | awushukumi | ongashukumi | ungashukumi |
| 1st plural | siyashukuma, sishukuma | esishukumayo, esishukuma | sishukuma | asishukumi | esingashukumi | singashukumi |
| 2nd plural | niyashukuma, nishukuma | enishukumayo, enishukuma | nishukuma | anishukumi | eningashukumi | ningashukumi |
| Class 1 | uyashukuma, ushukuma | oshukumayo, oshukuma | eshukuma | akashukumi | ongashukumi | engashukumi |
| Class 2 | bayashukuma, bashukuma | abashukumayo, abashukuma | beshukuma | abashukumi | abangashukumi | bengashukumi |
| Class 3 | uyashukuma, ushukuma | oshukumayo, oshukuma | ushukuma | awushukumi | ongashukumi | ungashukumi |
| Class 4 | iyashukuma, ishukuma | eshukumayo, eshukuma | ishukuma | ayishukumi | engashukumi | ingashukumi |
| Class 5 | liyashukuma, lishukuma | elishukumayo, elishukuma | lishukuma | alishukumi | elingashukumi | lingashukumi |
| Class 6 | ayashukuma, ashukuma | ashukumayo, ashukuma | eshukuma | awashukumi | angashukumi | engashukumi |
| Class 7 | siyashukuma, sishukuma | esishukumayo, esishukuma | sishukuma | asishukumi | esingashukumi | singashukumi |
| Class 8 | ziyashukuma, zishukuma | ezishukumayo, ezishukuma | zishukuma | azishukumi | ezingashukumi | zingashukumi |
| Class 9 | iyashukuma, ishukuma | eshukumayo, eshukuma | ishukuma | ayishukumi | engashukumi | ingashukumi |
| Class 10 | ziyashukuma, zishukuma | ezishukumayo, ezishukuma | zishukuma | azishukumi | ezingashukumi | zingashukumi |
| Class 11 | luyashukuma, lushukuma | olushukumayo, olushukuma | lushukuma | alushukumi | olungashukumi | lungashukumi |
| Class 14 | buyashukuma, bushukuma | obushukumayo, obushukuma | bushukuma | abushukumi | obungashukumi | bungashukumi |
| Class 15 | kuyashukuma, kushukuma | okushukumayo, okushukuma | kushukuma | akushukumi | okungashukumi | kungashukumi |
| Class 17 | kuyashukuma, kushukuma | okushukumayo, okushukuma | kushukuma | akushukumi | okungashukumi | kungashukumi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngishukumile, ngishukumē | engishukumile, engishukumē | ngishukumile, ngishukumē | angishukumanga | engingashukumanga | ngingashukumanga |
| 2nd singular | ushukumile, ushukumē | oshukumile, oshukumē | ushukumile, ushukumē | awushukumanga | ongashukumanga | ungashukumanga |
| 1st plural | sishukumile, sishukumē | esishukumile, esishukumē | sishukumile, sishukumē | asishukumanga | esingashukumanga | singashukumanga |
| 2nd plural | nishukumile, nishukumē | enishukumile, enishukumē | nishukumile, nishukumē | anishukumanga | eningashukumanga | ningashukumanga |
| Class 1 | ushukumile, ushukumē | oshukumile, oshukumē | eshukumile, eshukumē | akashukumanga | ongashukumanga | engashukumanga |
| Class 2 | bashukumile, bashukumē | abashukumile, abashukumē | beshukumile, beshukumē | abashukumanga | abangashukumanga | bengashukumanga |
| Class 3 | ushukumile, ushukumē | oshukumile, oshukumē | ushukumile, ushukumē | awushukumanga | ongashukumanga | ungashukumanga |
| Class 4 | ishukumile, ishukumē | eshukumile, eshukumē | ishukumile, ishukumē | ayishukumanga | engashukumanga | ingashukumanga |
| Class 5 | lishukumile, lishukumē | elishukumile, elishukumē | lishukumile, lishukumē | alishukumanga | elingashukumanga | lingashukumanga |
| Class 6 | ashukumile, ashukumē | ashukumile, ashukumē | eshukumile, eshukumē | awashukumanga | angashukumanga | engashukumanga |
| Class 7 | sishukumile, sishukumē | esishukumile, esishukumē | sishukumile, sishukumē | asishukumanga | esingashukumanga | singashukumanga |
| Class 8 | zishukumile, zishukumē | ezishukumile, ezishukumē | zishukumile, zishukumē | azishukumanga | ezingashukumanga | zingashukumanga |
| Class 9 | ishukumile, ishukumē | eshukumile, eshukumē | ishukumile, ishukumē | ayishukumanga | engashukumanga | ingashukumanga |
| Class 10 | zishukumile, zishukumē | ezishukumile, ezishukumē | zishukumile, zishukumē | azishukumanga | ezingashukumanga | zingashukumanga |
| Class 11 | lushukumile, lushukumē | olushukumile, olushukumē | lushukumile, lushukumē | alushukumanga | olungashukumanga | lungashukumanga |
| Class 14 | bushukumile, bushukumē | obushukumile, obushukumē | bushukumile, bushukumē | abushukumanga | obungashukumanga | bungashukumanga |
| Class 15 | kushukumile, kushukumē | okushukumile, okushukumē | kushukumile, kushukumē | akushukumanga | okungashukumanga | kungashukumanga |
| Class 17 | kushukumile, kushukumē | okushukumile, okushukumē | kushukumile, kushukumē | akushukumanga | okungashukumanga | kungashukumanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāshukuma | engāshukuma | ngāshukuma | angishukumanga | engingashukumanga | ngingashukumanga |
| 2nd singular | wāshukuma | owāshukuma | wāshukuma | awushukumanga | ongashukumanga | ungashukumanga |
| 1st plural | sāshukuma | esāshukuma | sāshukuma | asishukumanga | esingashukumanga | singashukumanga |
| 2nd plural | nāshukuma | enāshukuma | nāshukuma | anishukumanga | eningashukumanga | ningashukumanga |
| Class 1 | wāshukuma | owāshukuma | āshukuma | akashukumanga | ongashukumanga | engashukumanga |
| Class 2 | bāshukuma | abāshukuma | bāshukuma | abashukumanga | abangashukumanga | bengashukumanga |
| Class 3 | wāshukuma | owāshukuma | wāshukuma | awushukumanga | ongashukumanga | ungashukumanga |
| Class 4 | yāshukuma | eyāshukuma | yāshukuma | ayishukumanga | engashukumanga | ingashukumanga |
| Class 5 | lāshukuma | elāshukuma | lāshukuma | alishukumanga | elingashukumanga | lingashukumanga |
| Class 6 | āshukuma | āshukuma | āshukuma | awashukumanga | angashukumanga | engashukumanga |
| Class 7 | sāshukuma | esāshukuma | sāshukuma | asishukumanga | esingashukumanga | singashukumanga |
| Class 8 | zāshukuma | ezāshukuma | zāshukuma | azishukumanga | ezingashukumanga | zingashukumanga |
| Class 9 | yāshukuma | eyāshukuma | yāshukuma | ayishukumanga | engashukumanga | ingashukumanga |
| Class 10 | zāshukuma | ezāshukuma | zāshukuma | azishukumanga | ezingashukumanga | zingashukumanga |
| Class 11 | lwāshukuma | olwāshukuma | lwāshukuma | alushukumanga | olungashukumanga | lungashukumanga |
| Class 14 | bāshukuma | obāshukuma | bāshukuma | abushukumanga | obungashukumanga | bungashukumanga |
| Class 15 | kwāshukuma | okwāshukuma | kwāshukuma | akushukumanga | okungashukumanga | kungashukumanga |
| Class 17 | kwāshukuma | okwāshukuma | kwāshukuma | akushukumanga | okungashukumanga | kungashukumanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingashukuma | — | ngingashukuma | ngingeshukume | — | ngingeshukume |
| 2nd singular | ungashukuma | — | ungashukuma | ungeshukume | — | ungeshukume |
| 1st plural | singashukuma | — | singashukuma | singeshukume | — | singeshukume |
| 2nd plural | ningashukuma | — | ningashukuma | ningeshukume | — | ningeshukume |
| Class 1 | angashukuma | — | engashukuma | angeshukume | — | engeshukume |
| Class 2 | bangashukuma | — | bengashukuma | bangeshukume | — | bengeshukume |
| Class 3 | ungashukuma | — | ungashukuma | ungeshukume | — | ungeshukume |
| Class 4 | ingashukuma | — | ingashukuma | ingeshukume | — | ingeshukume |
| Class 5 | lingashukuma | — | lingashukuma | lingeshukume | — | lingeshukume |
| Class 6 | angashukuma | — | engashukuma | angeshukume | — | engeshukume |
| Class 7 | singashukuma | — | singashukuma | singeshukume | — | singeshukume |
| Class 8 | zingashukuma | — | zingashukuma | zingeshukume | — | zingeshukume |
| Class 9 | ingashukuma | — | ingashukuma | ingeshukume | — | ingeshukume |
| Class 10 | zingashukuma | — | zingashukuma | zingeshukume | — | zingeshukume |
| Class 11 | lungashukuma | — | lungashukuma | lungeshukume | — | lungeshukume |
| Class 14 | bungashukuma | — | bungashukuma | bungeshukume | — | bungeshukume |
| Class 15 | kungashukuma | — | kungashukuma | kungeshukume | — | kungeshukume |
| Class 17 | kungashukuma | — | kungashukuma | kungeshukume | — | kungeshukume |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoshukuma | engizoshukuma | ngizoshukuma | angizushukuma | engingezushukuma | ngingezushukuma |
| 2nd singular | uzoshukuma | ozoshukuma | uzoshukuma | awuzushukuma | ongezushukuma | ungezushukuma |
| 1st plural | sizoshukuma | esizoshukuma | sizoshukuma | asizushukuma | esingezushukuma | singezushukuma |
| 2nd plural | nizoshukuma | enizoshukuma | nizoshukuma | anizushukuma | eningezushukuma | ningezushukuma |
| Class 1 | uzoshukuma | ozoshukuma | ezoshukuma | akazushukuma | ongezushukuma | engezushukuma |
| Class 2 | bazoshukuma | abazoshukuma | bezoshukuma | abazushukuma | abangezushukuma | bengezushukuma |
| Class 3 | uzoshukuma | ozoshukuma | uzoshukuma | awuzushukuma | ongezushukuma | ungezushukuma |
| Class 4 | izoshukuma | ezoshukuma | izoshukuma | ayizushukuma | engezushukuma | ingezushukuma |
| Class 5 | lizoshukuma | elizoshukuma | lizoshukuma | alizushukuma | elingezushukuma | lingezushukuma |
| Class 6 | azoshukuma | azoshukuma | ezoshukuma | awazushukuma | angezushukuma | engezushukuma |
| Class 7 | sizoshukuma | esizoshukuma | sizoshukuma | asizushukuma | esingezushukuma | singezushukuma |
| Class 8 | zizoshukuma | ezizoshukuma | zizoshukuma | azizushukuma | ezingezushukuma | zingezushukuma |
| Class 9 | izoshukuma | ezoshukuma | izoshukuma | ayizushukuma | engezushukuma | ingezushukuma |
| Class 10 | zizoshukuma | ezizoshukuma | zizoshukuma | azizushukuma | ezingezushukuma | zingezushukuma |
| Class 11 | luzoshukuma | oluzoshukuma | luzoshukuma | aluzushukuma | olungezushukuma | lungezushukuma |
| Class 14 | buzoshukuma | obuzoshukuma | buzoshukuma | abuzushukuma | obungezushukuma | bungezushukuma |
| Class 15 | kuzoshukuma | okuzoshukuma | kuzoshukuma | akuzushukuma | okungezushukuma | kungezushukuma |
| Class 17 | kuzoshukuma | okuzoshukuma | kuzoshukuma | akuzushukuma | okungezushukuma | kungezushukuma |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoshukuma | engiyoshukuma | ngiyoshukuma | angiyushukuma | engingeyushukuma | ngingeyushukuma |
| 2nd singular | uyoshukuma | oyoshukuma | uyoshukuma | awuyushukuma | ongeyushukuma | ungeyushukuma |
| 1st plural | siyoshukuma | esiyoshukuma | siyoshukuma | asiyushukuma | esingeyushukuma | singeyushukuma |
| 2nd plural | niyoshukuma | eniyoshukuma | niyoshukuma | aniyushukuma | eningeyushukuma | ningeyushukuma |
| Class 1 | uyoshukuma | oyoshukuma | eyoshukuma | akayushukuma | ongeyushukuma | engeyushukuma |
| Class 2 | bayoshukuma | abayoshukuma | beyoshukuma | abayushukuma | abangeyushukuma | bengeyushukuma |
| Class 3 | uyoshukuma | oyoshukuma | uyoshukuma | awuyushukuma | ongeyushukuma | ungeyushukuma |
| Class 4 | iyoshukuma | eyoshukuma | iyoshukuma | ayiyushukuma | engeyushukuma | ingeyushukuma |
| Class 5 | liyoshukuma | eliyoshukuma | liyoshukuma | aliyushukuma | elingeyushukuma | lingeyushukuma |
| Class 6 | ayoshukuma | ayoshukuma | eyoshukuma | awayushukuma | angeyushukuma | engeyushukuma |
| Class 7 | siyoshukuma | esiyoshukuma | siyoshukuma | asiyushukuma | esingeyushukuma | singeyushukuma |
| Class 8 | ziyoshukuma | eziyoshukuma | ziyoshukuma | aziyushukuma | ezingeyushukuma | zingeyushukuma |
| Class 9 | iyoshukuma | eyoshukuma | iyoshukuma | ayiyushukuma | engeyushukuma | ingeyushukuma |
| Class 10 | ziyoshukuma | eziyoshukuma | ziyoshukuma | aziyushukuma | ezingeyushukuma | zingeyushukuma |
| Class 11 | luyoshukuma | oluyoshukuma | luyoshukuma | aluyushukuma | olungeyushukuma | lungeyushukuma |
| Class 14 | buyoshukuma | obuyoshukuma | buyoshukuma | abuyushukuma | obungeyushukuma | bungeyushukuma |
| Class 15 | kuyoshukuma | okuyoshukuma | kuyoshukuma | akuyushukuma | okungeyushukuma | kungeyushukuma |
| Class 17 | kuyoshukuma | okuyoshukuma | kuyoshukuma | akuyushukuma | okungeyushukuma | kungeyushukuma |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngishukume | ngingashukumi |
| 2nd singular | ushukume | ungashukumi |
| 1st plural | sishukume | singashukumi |
| 2nd plural | nishukume | ningashukumi |
| Class 1 | ashukume | angashukumi |
| Class 2 | bashukume | bangashukumi |
| Class 3 | ushukume | ungashukumi |
| Class 4 | ishukume | ingashukumi |
| Class 5 | lishukume | lingashukumi |
| Class 6 | ashukume | angashukumi |
| Class 7 | sishukume | singashukumi |
| Class 8 | zishukume | zingashukumi |
| Class 9 | ishukume | ingashukumi |
| Class 10 | zishukume | zingashukumi |
| Class 11 | lushukume | lungashukumi |
| Class 14 | bushukume | bungashukumi |
| Class 15 | kushukume | kungashukumi |
| Class 17 | kushukume | kungashukumi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngashukuma | ngangashukuma, angashukuma, angangashukuma |
| 2nd singular | washukuma | wangashukuma, awashukuma, awangashukuma |
| 1st plural | sashukuma | sangashukuma, asashukuma, asangashukuma |
| 2nd plural | nashukuma | nangashukuma, anashukuma, anangashukuma |
| Class 1 | washukuma | wangashukuma, akashukuma, akangashukuma |
| Class 2 | bashukuma | bangashukuma, abashukuma, abangashukuma |
| Class 3 | washukuma | wangashukuma, awashukuma, awangashukuma |
| Class 4 | yashukuma | yangashukuma, ayashukuma, ayangashukuma |
| Class 5 | lashukuma | langashukuma, alashukuma, alangashukuma |
| Class 6 | ashukuma | angashukuma, awashukuma, awangashukuma |
| Class 7 | sashukuma | sangashukuma, asashukuma, asangashukuma |
| Class 8 | zashukuma | zangashukuma, azashukuma, azangashukuma |
| Class 9 | yashukuma | yangashukuma, ayashukuma, ayangashukuma |
| Class 10 | zashukuma | zangashukuma, azashukuma, azangashukuma |
| Class 11 | lwashukuma | lwangashukuma, alwashukuma, alwangashukuma |
| Class 14 | bashukuma | bangashukuma, abashukuma, abangashukuma |
| Class 15 | kwashukuma | kwangashukuma, akwashukuma, akwangashukuma |
| Class 17 | kwashukuma | kwangashukuma, akwashukuma, akwangashukuma |

#### Derived terms

* -shukumisa

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shukuma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shukuma (3.2.9)”