# 泥土
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nítǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): nai$^4$ tou$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): nài-thú
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): nî-thó͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ni$^5$ tou$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nítǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧˊ ㄊㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nítǔ
*** Wade–Giles: ni$^2$-tʻu$^3$
*** Yale: ní-tǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nituu
*** Palladius: ниту (nitu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni³⁵ tʰu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: nai$^4$ tou$^2$
*** Yale: nàih tóu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: nai$^4$ tou$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nei$^4$ tou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɐi̯²¹ tʰou̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: nài-thú
*** Hakka Romanization System: nai$^ˇ$ tu$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: nai$^2$ tu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /nai̯¹¹ tʰu³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nî-thó͘
*** Tâi-lô: nî-thóo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ni'tor
*** IPA (Xiamen): /nĩ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /nĩ²⁴⁻²² tʰɔ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /nĩ¹³⁻²² tʰɔ⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ni$^5$ tou$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nî thóu
*** Sinological IPA : /ni⁵⁵⁻¹¹ tʰou⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: nej thuX
Rime :
| Character | 泥 | 土 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | I |
| Fanqie | 奴低切 | 他魯切 |
| Baxter | nej | thuX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nei/ | /tʰuo$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nei/ | /tʰuo$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nɛi/ | /tʰo$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nɛj/ | /tʰɔ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /nei/ | /tʰo$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /niei/ | /tʰu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /niei/ | /tʰuo$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | ní | tǔ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nai$^4$ | tou$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.nˤ[əj] tʰˤaʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*niːl l̥ʰaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 泥 | 土 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | ní | tǔ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nej › | ‹ thu$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.nˁ[əj]/ | /*tʰˁaʔ/ |
| English | mud | earth |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 泥 | 土 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| No. | 9417 | 12499 |
| Phonetic component | 尼 | 土 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 泥 | 土 |
| Old Chinese | /*niːl/ | /*l̥ʰaːʔ/ |

### Noun

泥土
* earth; soil
* clay

#### Synonyms

* (earth; soil): (Hokkien, Teochew) 塗

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 泥(でい)土(ど) (deido)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 泥 | 土 |
| でい Grade: S | ど Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [de̞ːdo̞]

### Noun

泥(でい)土(ど) • (deido)
* mud
** 1941, 徳永直, こんにゃく売り:
    私(わたし)は着物(きもの)についた泥土(でいど)をはらって、もう一度(いちど)お辞儀(じぎ)した。
       Watashi wa kimono ni tsuita deido o haratte, mō ichi do o-jigi shita.
       I brushed off some mud stuck to my kimono and bowed once more.