# 養子
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yǎngzǐ
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ ㄗˇ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): yang$^3$ zi$^3$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng$^5$ zi$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yông-chṳ́
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ióng-chú / iáng-chú / iúⁿ-chú
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yan-tsy
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ian$^3$ zi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎngzǐ [Phonetic: yángzǐ]
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎngzǐh
*** Wade–Giles: yang$^3$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: yǎng-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeangtzyy
*** Palladius: янцзы (janczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻³⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: yang$^3$ zi$^3$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iangz
*** Sinological IPA : /iaŋ⁵³ t͡sz̩⁵³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joeng$^5$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: yéuhng jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joeng$^5$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêng$^5$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːŋ¹³ t͡siː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông-chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: iong$^ˊ$ zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yong$^1$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông-chṳ́
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iong$^ˊ$ zii$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yong$^1$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯oŋ²⁴ t͡sɨ³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng-chú
*** Tâi-lô: ióng-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iofngzuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáng-chú
*** Tâi-lô: iáng-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iafngzuo
*** IPA (Taipei): /iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iúⁿ-chú
*** Tâi-lô: iúnn-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: viwzuo
*** IPA (Taipei): /iũ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iũ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡su⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yan-tsy
*** MiniDict: yan$^去$ tsy
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhian-tsr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiã²² t͡sz̩⁴⁴/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: ian$^3$ zi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /i̯æn⁴¹ t͡si⁴¹/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /i̯æn⁴¹ t͡ɕi⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: yangX tsiX
Rime :
| Character | 養 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 餘兩切 | 即里切 |
| Baxter | yangX | tsiX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨɐŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiɐŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iɑŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨaŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /iaŋ$^X$/ | /t͡siə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭaŋ$^X$/ | /t͡sĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯aŋ$^X$/ | /t͡si$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǎng | zǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | joeng$^5$ | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]aŋʔ tsəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*laŋʔ ʔslɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 養 | 子 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǎng | zǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yang$^X$ › | ‹ tsi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]aŋʔ/ | /*tsəʔ/ |
| English | nourish, raise | child; gentleman, master |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 養 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14613 | 17857 |
| Phonetic component | 養 | 子 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 養 | 子 |
| Old Chinese | /*laŋʔ/ | /*ʔslɯʔ/ |
| Notes | 說文羊聲 | |

### Noun

養子
* adopted child; foster child

#### Synonyms

* 螟蛉子 (mínglíngzǐ)
* 螟蛉 (mínglíng)
* (Sichuan) 抱子
* (Eastern Min) 乞養囝／乞养囝
* (Hokkien) 螟蛉仔囝
* (Wu) 領來兒子／领来儿子, 嗣子
* (Xiang) 抱者個／抱者个, 帶者個／带者个

#### See also

* 被收養人／被收养人 (bèishōuyǎngrén)

### Verb

養子
* (literary or Hakka) to rear a child

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 養 | 子 |
| よう Grade: 4 | し Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

養(よう)子(し) • (yōshi)
* foster child
* A person who was adopted as a child.