OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 光光荡荡
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 光光荡荡 – see 光光蕩蕩 (“completely empty”). (This term is the simplified form of 光光蕩蕩).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.
# ژیگولو
## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French gigolo.

### Noun

ژیگولو • (žigulu) (plural ژیگولوها (žigulu-hâ))
* gigolo
    Synonym: ژیگولت (žigolet)

#### Derived terms

* ژیگول (žigul) (colloquial)
# kutsuna
## Finnish
### Noun

kutsuna
* essive singular of kutsu
# nonshrinkable
## English
### Etymology

From non- +‎ shrinkable.

### Adjective

nonshrinkable (not comparable)
* Synonym of unshrinkable.
# مۇتەپەككۇر
## Uyghur
### Etymology

From Arabic مُتَفَكِّر (mutafakkir).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mutɛpɛkkur/

### Noun

مۇتەپەككۇر • (mutepekkur) (plural مۇتەپەككۇرلار (mutepekkurlar))
* thinker
# puumat
## Finnish
### Noun

puumat
* nominative plural of puuma
# 光光
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guāngguāng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄤ ㄍㄨㄤ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwong$^1$ gwong$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guāngguāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄤ ㄍㄨㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guangguang
*** Wade–Giles: kuang$^1$-kuang$^1$
*** Yale: gwāng-gwāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guangguang
*** Palladius: гуангуан (guanguan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵ ku̯ɑŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwong$^1$ gwong$^1$
*** Yale: gwōng gwōng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwong$^1$ gwong$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guong$^1$ guong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵ kʷɔːŋ⁵⁵/

### Adjective

光光
* bright
* bare; bald; naked
* without anything, not a cent left

#### Derived terms

* 亮光光
* 光光蕩蕩／光光荡荡 (guāngguāng dàngdàng)
* 脫光光／脱光光 (tuōguāngguāng)
* 風風光光／风风光光 (fēngfēngguāngguāng)
# nonsenators
## English
### Noun

nonsenators
* plural of nonsenator
# permutavas
## Portuguese
### Verb

permutavas
* second-person singular imperfect indicative of permutar
# precedono
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /preˈt͡ʃɛ.do.no/
* Rhymes: -ɛdono
* Hyphenation: pre‧cè‧do‧no

### Verb

precedono
* third-person plural present indicative of precedere
# precedió
## Spanish
### Verb

precedió
* third-person singular preterite indicative of preceder
# جھلیکون
## Ushojo
### Verb

جھلیکون (jhalekōn)
* to click
# جھنڈبون
## Ushojo
### Verb

جھنڈبون (jhanḍbōn)
* to swoop down
# جھنگوی
## Punjabi
### Etymology

Derived from جھَنگ (jhang).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t͡ʃə̀ŋɡᵊʋiː]

### Proper noun

جھَنگوِی • (jhangvī) ? (Gurmukhi spelling ਝੰਗਵੀ)
* A dialect of Punjabi spoken in Punjab, Pakistan.

#### Descendants

* → English: Jhangvi
# pernitreuse
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /pɛʁ.ni.tʁøz/

### Adjective

pernitreuse
* feminine singular of pernitreux
# pernitrate
## English
### Etymology

From per- +‎ nitrate.

### Noun

pernitrate (plural pernitrates)
* (chemistry) A compound of nitric acid with the peroxide of a metal.
# مۇخالىپ
## Uyghur
### Etymology

From Arabic مُخَالِف (muḵālif).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /muχɑlip/

### Noun

مۇخالىپ • (muxalip) (plural مۇخالىپلار (muxaliplar))
* antagonist
* (politics) opposition

### Further reading

* Schwarz, Henry G. (1992) An Uyghur-English Dictionary (East Asian Research Aids & Translations; 3), Bellingham, Washington: Center for East Asian Studies, Western Washington University, →ISBN
# kòngzhìtǎ
## Mandarin
### Romanization

kòngzhìtǎ (Zhuyin ㄎㄨㄥˋ ㄓˋ ㄊㄚˇ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 控制塔
# lactocele
## English
### Etymology

From lacto- +‎ -cele.

### Noun

lactocele (plural lactoceles)
* (medicine) Galactocele.
# planifico
## Catalan
### Verb

planifico
* first-person singular present indicative of planificar

## Portuguese
### Verb

planifico
* first-person singular present indicative of planificar

## Spanish
### Verb

planifico
* first-person singular present indicative of planificar
# lactobioză
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French lactobiose.

### Noun

lactobioză f (plural lactobioze)
* lactobiose, lactose
# planificavas
## Portuguese
### Verb

planificavas
* second-person singular imperfect indicative of planificar
# lactescence
## English
### Etymology

Compare French lactescence.

### Noun

lactescence (countable and uncountable, plural lactescences)
* The quality or state of producing milk, or milky sap.
* Resemblance to milk; a milky colour.
** 1664, Robert Boyle, “Experiment XII”, in Experiments and Considerations Touching Colours. […], 2nd edition, London: […] Henry Herringman […], published 1670, →OCLC, part II (Of the Nature of Whiteness and Blackness), page 169:[T]his Lacteſcence, if I may ſo call it, does alſo commonly enſue vvhen […] fair VVater is ſuddenly pour'd upon the Tincture or Solution.
* (botany) The latex of certain plants.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “lactescence”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

## French
### Noun

lactescence f (plural lactescences)
* lactescence

### Further reading

* “lactescence”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# plakken
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈplɑ.kə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: plak‧ken
* Rhymes: -ɑkən

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch placken, further etymology unknown. Cognates are found only in Middle Low German placken. See French plaquer.

#### Verb

plakken
* (intransitive) to stick
* (transitive) to glue, to paste
* (transitive, computing) to paste (insert an item previously saved to memory)

##### Derived terms

* aanplakken
* achter het behang kunnen plakken
* afplakken
* beplakken
* bijplakken
* inplakken
* omplakken
* opplakken
* overplakken

##### Descendants

* → Aukan: palaki
* → Caribbean Javanese: plag, ngeplag
* → Papiamentu: plak

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

plakken
* plural of plak

### Further reading

* van der Sijs, Nicoline, editor (2010), “plak”, in Etymologiebank, Meertens Institute

## West Frisian
### Noun

plakken
* plural of plak
# خانم‌ها و آقایان
## Persian
### Noun

خانم‌ها و آقایان • (xânom-hâ va âqâyân)
* ladies and gentlemen
# plakkie
## English
### Noun

plakkie (plural plakkies)
* (South Africa) Kalanchoe thyrsiflora, Kalanchoe luciae, and related plants.
* (South Africa) Cotyledon orbiculata.
# preagrupamientos
## Spanish
### Noun

preagrupamientos m pl
* plural of preagrupamiento
# nonthing
## English
### Etymology

From non- +‎ thing.

### Noun

nonthing (plural nonthings)
* (philosophy) That which is not a thing.
# mėėt
## Chuukese
### Adjective

mėėt
* full (from eating)
# nonthinkers
## English
### Noun

nonthinkers
* plural of nonthinker
# قووموا
## Arabic
### Verb

قُووِمُوا • (qūwimū) (form III) /quː.wi.muː/
* third-person masculine plural past passive of قَاوَمَ (qāwama)
# nonthinker
## English
### Etymology

From non- +‎ thinker.

### Noun

nonthinker (plural nonthinkers)
* One who is not a thinker.
# قووماق
## Khalaj
### Verb

قوُوْماق (qûomaq)
* Arabic spelling of qûomaq (“to put”)
# दबनेवाला
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /d̪əb.neː.ʋɑː.lɑː/, [d̪ɐb.neː.ʋäː.läː]

### Verb

दबनेवाला • (dabnevālā)
* direct masculine singular prospective/agentive participle of दबना (dabnā)
# pleuvoir des hallebardes
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plœ.vwaʁ de al.baʁd/
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

pleuvoir des hallebardes
* to rain heavily; to rain cats and dogs
    Synonym: pleuvoir des cordes

#### Conjugation

* see pleuvoir
# laboratorians
## English
### Noun

laboratorians
* plural of laboratorian
# laboratorierna
## Swedish
### Noun

laboratorierna
* definite plural of laboratorium
# Թորգոմա
## Old Armenian
### Proper noun

Թորգոմա • (Tʻorgoma)
* Alternative form of Թորգոմ (Tʻorgom)

#### Declension
### References

* Ačaṙyan, Hračʻya (1942–1962) “Թորգոմ”, in Hayocʻ anjnanunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Personal Names of Armenians] (in Armenian), Yerevan: University Press
# laboratoriene
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Alternative forms

* laboratoria

### Noun

laboratoriene n
* definite plural of laboratorium
# laboratoriami
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /labɔratɔˈrjami/
* Rhymes: -ami
* Syllabification: la‧bo‧ra‧to‧ria‧mi

### Noun

laboratoriami
* instrumental plural of laboratorium
# Թովմասյան
## Armenian
### Alternative forms

* Թովմասեան (Tʻovmasean) — traditional orthography

### Etymology

Թովմաս (Tʻovmas) +‎ -յան (-yan)

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /tʰovmɑˈsjɑn/, [tʰovmɑsjɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /tovmɑˈsjɑn/, [tʰovmɑsjɑ́n]

### Proper noun

Թովմասյան • (Tʻovmasyan)
* a surname originating as a patronymic, Tovmasyan, Tovmasian, Tovmassian

#### Declension

i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian) :
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | Թովմասյան (Tʻovmasyan) | Թովմասյաններ (Tʻovmasyanner) |
| dative | Թովմասյանի (Tʻovmasyani) | Թովմասյանների (Tʻovmasyanneri) |
| ablative | Թովմասյանից (Tʻovmasyanicʻ) | Թովմասյաններից (Tʻovmasyannericʻ) |
| instrumental | Թովմասյանով (Tʻovmasyanov) | Թովմասյաններով (Tʻovmasyannerov) |
| locative | — | — |
| | definite forms | definite forms |
| nominative | Թովմասյանը/Թովմասյանն (Tʻovmasyanə/Tʻovmasyann) | Թովմասյանները/Թովմասյաններն (Tʻovmasyannerə/Tʻovmasyannern) |
| dative | Թովմասյանին (Tʻovmasyanin) | Թովմասյաններին (Tʻovmasyannerin) |
| | 1st person possessive forms (my) | 1st person possessive forms (my) |
| nominative | Թովմասյանս (Tʻovmasyans) | Թովմասյաններս (Tʻovmasyanners) |
| dative | Թովմասյանիս (Tʻovmasyanis) | Թովմասյաններիս (Tʻovmasyanneris) |
| ablative | Թովմասյանիցս (Tʻovmasyanicʻs) | Թովմասյաններիցս (Tʻovmasyannericʻs) |
| instrumental | Թովմասյանովս (Tʻovmasyanovs) | Թովմասյաններովս (Tʻovmasyannerovs) |
| locative | — | — |
| | 2nd person possessive forms (your) | 2nd person possessive forms (your) |
| nominative | Թովմասյանդ (Tʻovmasyand) | Թովմասյաններդ (Tʻovmasyannerd) |
| dative | Թովմասյանիդ (Tʻovmasyanid) | Թովմասյաններիդ (Tʻovmasyannerid) |
| ablative | Թովմասյանիցդ (Tʻovmasyanicʻd) | Թովմասյաններիցդ (Tʻovmasyannericʻd) |
| instrumental | Թովմասյանովդ (Tʻovmasyanovd) | Թովմասյաններովդ (Tʻovmasyannerovd) |
| locative | — | — |

#### Related terms

* Թոմասյան (Tʻomasyan)

### Further reading

* Avetisyan, Tigran (2000) “Թովմասյան”, in V. M. Grigoryan, Ṙ. L. Uṙutyan, editors, Hayocʻ azganunneri baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Surnames] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Van Aryan, →ISBN
# pregastrulation
## English
### Etymology

From pre- +‎ gastrulation.

### Adjective

pregastrulation (not comparable)
* Prior to gastrulation
# pregati
## Italian
### Participle

pregati m pl
* masculine plural of pregato
# predeterminavi
## Italian
### Verb

predeterminavi
* second-person singular imperfect indicative of predeterminare
# nachverhandeln
## German
### Etymology

nach- +‎ verhandeln

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnaːxfɛɐ̯ˌhandl̩n/
* Hyphenation: nach‧ver‧han‧deln
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

nachverhandeln (weak, third-person singular present verhandelt nach, past tense verhandelte nach, past participle nachverhandelt, auxiliary haben)
* to renegotiate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

### Further reading

* “nachverhandeln” in Duden online
# predetermination
## English
### Etymology

From pre- +‎ determination.

### Noun

predetermination (countable and uncountable, plural predeterminations)
* The act of determining beforehand.
* Something that has been decided in advance.

#### Related terms

* predetermine
* predeterminer
# त्रावुन
## Kashmiri

* Kashmiri verb set
* त्रावुन (trāwun)
* त्रावॖनावुन (trāwụnāwun)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [t̪ɾɑːʋun]

### Verb

त्रावुन • (trāwun) (Perso-Arabic تۯاوُن)
* (transitive) to drop
# kiểm duyệt
## Vietnamese
### Etymology

Sino-Vietnamese word from 檢閱.

### Pronunciation

* (Hà Nội) IPA: [kiəm˧˩ zwiət̚˧˨ʔ]
* (Huế) IPA: [kiəm˧˨ jwiək̚˨˩ʔ]
* (Saigon) IPA: [kim˨˩˦ j⁽ʷ⁾iək̚˨˩˨]

### Verb

kiểm duyệt
* to censor

### Noun

kiểm duyệt
* censorship
# paninflammatory
## English
### Adjective

paninflammatory (not comparable)
* (medicine) Characterised by widespread or fulminant inflammation.
# klañvdi
## Breton
### Etymology

Cognate with Welsh clafdy.

### Noun

klañvdi m (plural klañvdioù)
* hospital.

#### Inflection

Breton consonant mutation :
| | unmutated | soft | aspirate | hard |
| singular | klañvdi | glañvdi | c'hlañvdi | unchanged |
| plural | klañvdioù | glañvdioù | c'hlañvdioù | unchanged |

#### Synonyms

* klinikenn
* ospital
# klaĉantoj
## Esperanto
### Noun

klaĉantoj
* plural present nominal active participle of klaĉi
# त्राण
## Marathi
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Marathi त्राण (trāṇa), from Sanskrit त्राण (trāṇa).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /t̪ɾaɳ/

### Noun

त्राण • (trāṇ) n
* strength, stamina
    Synonyms: शक्ती (śaktī), बळ (baḷ)
* (obsolete) protection, preservation

#### Declension
### References

* Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983) “त्राण”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
* Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911) “त्राण”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press
* Tulpule, Shankar Gopal; Feldhaus, Anne, “त्राण”, in A Dictionary of Old Marathi, Mumbai: Popular Prakashan, 1999.

## Sanskrit
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /tɾɑː.ɳɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈt̪ɾɑː.ɳɐ/

### Adjective

त्राण • (trāṇa) stem
* protected

#### Declension
### Noun

त्राण • (trāṇa) stem, n
* protecting, preserving, protection, defence, shelter, help
* protection for the body, armour, helmet

#### Descendants

* Old Marathi: त्राण (trāṇa)
** Marathi: त्राण (trāṇ)
# klaĉante
## Esperanto
### Adverb

klaĉante
* present adverbial active participle of klaĉi
# prefiksante
## Esperanto
### Adverb

prefiksante
* present adverbial active participle of prefiksi
# pandemas
## Latin
### Adjective

pandēmās
* accusative feminine plural of pandēmus
# prefiksantaj
## Esperanto
### Adjective

prefiksantaj
* plural present active participle of prefiksi
# prefiksantajn
## Esperanto
### Adjective

prefiksantajn
* accusative plural present active participle of prefiksi
# predicate nouns
## English
### Noun

predicate nouns
* plural of predicate noun
# predicatele
## Italian
### Verb

predicatele
* compound of predicate, the second-person plural (voi) imperative form of predicare, with le

### Anagrams

* telepredica
# nonhallucinations
## English
### Noun

nonhallucinations
* plural of nonhallucination
# kirjokerttu
## Finnish
### Etymology

kirjo +‎ kerttu

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈkirjoˌkertːu/, [ˈk̟irjo̞ˌk̟e̞rt̪ːu]
* Rhymes: -ertːu
* Syllabification: kir‧jo‧kert‧tu

### Noun

kirjokerttu
* barred warbler (Sylvia nisoria)

#### Declension

Possessive forms of kirjokerttu (Kotus type 1*C/valo, tt-t gradation) :
# nonhalogens
## English
### Noun

nonhalogens
* plural of nonhalogen
# kirjojen
## Finnish
### Etymology 1
#### Alternative forms

* kirjain

#### Noun

kirjojen
* genitive plural of kirja

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

kirjojen
* genitive plural of kirjo
# lafazi
## Hausa
### Etymology

From Arabic لَفْظ (lafẓ).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lá.fà.zíː/
** (Standard Kano Hausa) IPA: [lə́.ɸə̀.zíː]

### Noun

lafàzī m (possessed form lafàzin)
* speech, pronunciation
# ասսամի
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Russian ассами (assami).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /ɑssɑˈmi/, [ɑsːɑmí]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɑssɑˈmi/, [ɑsːɑmí]
* Audio (Eastern Armenian):(file)

### Noun

ասսամի • (assami)
* Assamese (language)

#### Declension

i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian) :
| | singular (singulare tantum) | singular (singulare tantum) |
| nominative | ասսամի (assami) |
| dative | ասսամիի (assamii) |
| ablative | ասսամիից (assamiicʻ) |
| instrumental | ասսամիով (assamiov) |
| locative | ասսամիում (assamium) |
| | definite forms | definite forms | definite forms | definite forms |
| nominative | ասսամին (assamin) |
| dative | ասսամիին (assamiin) |
| | 1st person possessive forms (my) | 1st person possessive forms (my) | 1st person possessive forms (my) | 1st person possessive forms (my) |
| nominative | ասսամիս (assamis) |
| dative | ասսամիիս (assamiis) |
| ablative | ասսամիիցս (assamiicʻs) |
| instrumental | ասսամիովս (assamiovs) |
| locative | ասսամիումս (assamiums) |
| | 2nd person possessive forms (your) | 2nd person possessive forms (your) | 2nd person possessive forms (your) | 2nd person possessive forms (your) |
| nominative | ասսամիդ (assamid) |
| dative | ասսամիիդ (assamiid) |
| ablative | ասսամիիցդ (assamiicʻd) |
| instrumental | ասսամիովդ (assamiovd) |
| locative | ասսամիումդ (assamiumd) |

### References

* Petrosyan, H. Z., Galstyan, S. A., Ġaragulyan, Tʻ. A. (1975) “ասսամի”, in Aġayan Ē. B., editor, Lezvabanakan baṙaran [Linguistic Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Academy Press, page 30b
# lafayette
## English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˌlæfaɪˈɛt/, /ˌlæfeɪˈɛt/

### Noun

lafayette (plural lafayettes)
* The dollarfish.
* A fish, the goody or spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), of the southern coast of the United States.

### References

* “lafayette”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
# mįslingesniąsias
## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mʲiːsʲlʲɪnʲɡʲɛsʲˈnʲæːsʲɛs]

### Adjective

mįslingesnią́sias f pl
* pronominal accusative feminine plural comparative degree of mįslingas
# lafaz
## Indonesian
### Etymology

From Arabic لَفْظ (lafẓ, “pronunciation”). Doublet of lafal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlafaz]
* Rhymes: -faz, -az, -z
* Hyphenation: la‧faz

### Noun

lafaz (plural lafaz-lafaz, first-person possessive lafazku, second-person possessive lafazmu, third-person possessive lafaznya)
* pronunciation

#### Usage notes

* Only used in Islamic context (Quranic verse, hadith, etc).

### References

* ↑ Erwina Burhanuddin, Abdul Gaffar Ruskhan, R.B. Chrismanto (1993) Penelitian kosakata bahasa Arab dalam bahasa Indonesia [Research on Arabic vocabulary in Indonesian]‎, Jakarta: Pusat Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Bahasa, Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, →ISBN, →OCLC

### Further reading

* “lafaz” in Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, Jakarta: Agency for Language Development and Cultivation – Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of the Republic of Indonesia, 2016.
# plantație
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French plantation. Equivalent to planta +‎ -ție.

### Noun

plantație f (plural plantații)
* plantation
# lafe
## Middle English
### Noun

lafe
* (Early Middle English) Alternative form of love (“remainder”)

## Old English
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɑː.fe/, [ˈlɑː.ve]

### Noun

lāfe
* inflection of lāf:
** nominative plural
** accusative/dative singular
# plantca
## Tarifit
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish plancha (“clothes iron”).

### Noun

plantca f (Tifinagh spelling ⵒⵍⴰⵏⵜⵛⴰ, plural plantcat)
* clothes iron
# حلقه به گوش
## Persian
### Alternative forms

* حلقه بگوش (halqe be guš)

### Etymology

حلقه (halqe, “ring, hoop”) +‎ به (be, “on”) +‎ گوش (guš, “ear”), literally “ring-on-the-ear”. In ancient and medieval Persia, slaves were marked by earrings bearing their owner’s name.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [hal.qa ba ɡoːʃ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [häl.qä bä ɡoːʃ]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [häl.qä bä ɡoːʃ]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔäl.qä bä ɡoːʃ]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔäl.qä bä ɡʊːʃ]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hæl.ɢe be ɡ̥uːʃ]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [häl.qä bä ɡɵʃ]

### Noun

حلقه به گوش • (halqe be guš)
* (metonymically) slave; bondsman
    Synonyms: بنده (bande), غلام (ğolâm)
** c. 1390, Hafez, “Ghazal 317”, in دیوان حافظ [The Divān of Hafez]‎:تا شدم حلقه به گوشِ درِ میخانهٔ عشق هر دم آید غمی از نو به مبارکبادمtâ šudam halqa ba gôš-i dar-i mayxâna-yi išq har dam âyad ğammî az naw ba mubârakbâd-amSince I became a slave to the door of love’s tavern A sorrow comes every moment to congratulate me anew.(romanization in Classical Persian)

### Adjective

حلقه به گوش • (halqe be guš)
* (figurative) obedient; submissive; slavish
# plante efferalgan
## French
### Etymology

plante +‎ Efferalgan. So named because the plant is used as a febrifuge.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /plɑ̃t e.fʁal.ɡɑ̃/

### Noun

plante efferalgan f (plural plantes efferalgan)
* (Réunion) blue coleus (Coleus neochilus (Schltr.) Codd)
    Synonyms: (Réunion) plante doliprane, (Réunion) [Term?]
* (Réunion) Synonym of gros thym (“Indian borage”) (Coleus amboinicus)

### References

* ↑ Dominique Martiré (2021) Faune et flore de La Réunion (in French), Paris: Delachaux et Niestlé, →ISBN, page 120: “À La Réunion, la Plante efferalgan est souvent plantée dans les jardins créoles, en tant que plante médicinale et est fréquemment vendue sur les marchés sous le nom d’Efferalgan ou Doliprane pour soulager la fièvre.”
* ↑ Dominique Martiré (2021) Faune et flore de La Réunion, Paris: Delachaux et Niestlé, →ISBN, p. 120 (as Plectranthus neochilus Schltr.).
* 1 2 Marion Lecas (2022 July 1) “Sur la trace des plantes « doliprane » et « efferalgan »”, in Plantes & Santé‎ (in French), Paris: “Un consensus toutefois relatif, puisqu’à La Réunion, où Plectranthus grandis n’existe pas, on appelle « plante efferalgan » Plectranthus neochilus, mais aussi Plectranthus amboinicus, révèle la docteure en pharmacie Jessica Nakab, auteur d’une thèse sur ce sujet.”
# labourant
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /la.bu.ʁɑ̃/

### Participle

labourant
* present participle of labourer
# labouratory
## English
### Noun

labouratory
* Misspelling of laboratory.
# معاف کرنا
## Urdu
### Verb

معاف کرنا • (mu'āf karnā) (Hindi spelling मुआफ़ करना or माफ़ करना)
* to forgive

#### Usage notes

Although معاف کیجئے (mu'āf kījie) and other معاف (mu'āf) + imperative combinations are often translated as "sorry" or "excuse me", it should be noted that افسوس (afsos), in the form مجھے افسوس ہے (mujhe afsos hai) as well as the Anglicism سوری (saurī) are also commonly used.
# पेंच
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Classical Persian پیچ (pēč).

### Noun

पेंच • (pẽc)
* screw
# معاصرون
## Arabic
### Adjective

مُعَاصِرُون • (muʕāṣirūn) m pl
* masculine plural of مُعَاصِر (muʕāṣir)
# رففتن
## Arabic
### Verb

رَفَفْتُنَّ • (rafaftunna) (form I) /ra.faf.tun.na/
* second-person feminine plural past active of رَفَّ (raffa)
# معاقبة
## Arabic

* Root
* ع ق ب (ʕ q b)
* 14 terms

### Etymology

Verbal noun of عَاقَبَ (ʕāqaba).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /mu.ʕaː.qa.ba/

### Noun

مُعَاقَبَة • (muʕāqaba) f
* verbal noun of عَاقَبَ (ʕāqaba) (form III)
* punishing, penalization, castigating
* alternation, alternating
* succeeding, succession

#### Descendants

* → Ottoman Turkish: معاقبه (muâkabe)

### Adjective

مُعَاقِبَة • (muʕāqiba)
* feminine singular of مُعَاقِب (muʕāqib)

### Adjective

مُعَاقَبَة • (muʕāqaba) f
* feminine singular of مُعَاقَب (muʕāqab)
# رفعنا
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

رفعنا (form I)
* رَفَعْنَا (rafaʕnā) /ra.faʕ.naː/: first-person plural past active of رَفَعَ (rafaʕa)
* رُفِعْنَا (rufiʕnā) /ru.fiʕ.naː/: first-person plural past passive of رَفَعَ (rafaʕa)
* رَفُعْنَا (rafuʕnā) /ra.fuʕ.naː/: first-person plural past active of رَفُعَ (rafuʕa)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

رفعنا (form II)
* رَفَّعْنَا (raffaʕnā) /raf.faʕ.naː/: first-person plural past active of رَفَّعَ (raffaʕa)
* رُفِّعْنَا (ruffiʕnā) /ruf.fiʕ.naː/: first-person plural past passive of رَفَّعَ (raffaʕa)
# धोइये
## Hindi
### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /d̪ʱoː.ɪ.jeː/, [d̪ʱoː.i.jeː]

### Verb

धोइये • (dhoiye)
* inflection of धोना (dhonā):
** third-person plural present imperative
** second-person formal present imperative
# plantíos
## Spanish
### Noun

plantíos m pl
* plural of plantío
# körts
## Swedish
### Verb

körts
* passive supine of köra

### Anagrams

* rökts, skröt, skört, strök
# nacíais
## Galician
### Verb

nacíais
* (reintegrationist norm, less recommended) second-person plural imperfect indicative of nacer

## Spanish
### Verb

nacíais
* second-person plural imperfect indicative of nacer