# つぶし
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Alternative spellings
* 潰 潰し
The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of 潰す (tsubusu, “to crush”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つぶし [tsùbúshí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨbɯ̟ɕi]

#### Noun

つぶし • (tsubushi)
* 潰, 潰し: [unknown] the act of crushing
* 潰, 潰し: [from 1678] the act of melting utensils to ore
* 潰, 潰し: [from c. 1871 or 1872] Abbreviation of 潰島田 (tsubushishimada, “a type of Edo period hairdo by women”).
* 潰, 潰し: [unknown] the act of destroying; destruction
* 潰, 潰し: [from 1678] a good-for-nothing
* 潰, 潰し: [unknown] something timewasting; something time-consuming
* 潰, 潰し: [unknown] something that obstructs
* 潰, 潰し: [from 1915] (slang, used by criminals) unlicensed prostitute; vagrant
* 潰, 潰し: [from c. 1973 or 1974] (dialect, Niigata (Sado, Naka-Kubiki)) an animal such as a horse or a cow that cannot move
* 潰, 潰し: [from 1974] (dialect, Niigata (Sado)) a weight attached to a fishing line

### Etymology 2

* Alternative spelling
* 腿
First cited to a manuscript of the Ruijū Myōgishō of 1241. Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *tubusi (“knee”), whence Northern Amami Ōshima ’つぃ゚ぶし (/⁠tzˀɨbuɕi⁠/), Kikai ’とぅぶし (/⁠tˀubuɕi⁠/), Yoron ちんし (/⁠tɕìnɕì⁠/), Kunigami ’ちんし (/⁠tʑˀínɕì⁠/), Okinawan かたつぃんち (/⁠kátátsínɕí⁠/, “part of a knee”) Miyako つぃ゚ぐすぃ゚ (/⁠tsɿgusɿ⁠/), Yaeyama つぃ゚ぶすぃ゚ (/⁠tsɨ́búsɨ̀⁠/), Yonaguni んぶち (/⁠mbútɕí⁠/).
Some sources derive this from つぶぶし (tsububushi, “ankle; knee”), in turn possibly from *粒節 (tsububushi, literally “grain joint”).

#### Noun

つぶし • (tsubushi)
* (obsolete) [from 1241] thigh
* (obsolete or dialect, Tokushima, Ehime) [from mid-Muromachi period] ankle
    Synonyms: 踝 (kurubushi, standard), つぶぶし (tsububushi)
* (obsolete or dialect, Tokushima, Ehime, Kyūshū) [from 1603] knee
** 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho:
    Original text:
    Tçububuxi. Rodela do joelho. (Posi [?])o que agente popular diga, Tçububuxi.Tsububushi. The kneecap. The vernacular language uses tsubushi.
    The word highlighted in red is illegible. It looks like Posio with the si having unknown marks on it, but no such word apparently exists.
    Tçubuxi. Idem. X.Tsubushi. Same as above. Kyūshū language.
    Translated text:
    Tçububuxi. ツブブシ (つぶぶし) 膝の皿(膝蓋骨). ただし,一般の庶民は Tçubuxi (つぶし) と言う.Tsububushi. Kneecap. The vernacular language calls this tsubushi.
    Tçubuxi. ツブシ (つぶし) 上の条(Tçububuxi)に同じ. 下(X.)の語.Tsubushi. Same as tsububushi above. Kyūshū langugage.
* (dialect, Wakayama (Hidaka), obsolete?) [from 1931-1938] heel

### Etymology 3

* Alternative spelling
* 陰虱
Unknown. A surface analysis suggests a compound of tsubu + shi, as noted by the Nihon Kokugo Daijiten.
First cited to a text from 1829.

#### Noun

つぶし • (tsubushi)
* 陰虱: (obsolete) Synonym of 毛虱 (kejirami, “crab louse”)

### References

* ↑ “つぶし 【潰】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* 1 2 “つぶし 【腿】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available 【腿】 here
* ↑ “つぶし”, in 日本方言大辞典 (Nihon Hōgen Daijiten, “Nihon Hōgen Daijiten”) ‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1989, released online 2016, →ISBN
* ↑ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎ (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, page 488; right side
* ↑ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN, page 621.
* 1 2 “つぶ‐し 【陰虱】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here