# 死者
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sǐzhě
    (Zhuyin): ㄙˇ ㄓㄜˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): sei$^2$ ze$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sí-chá
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sí-chiá
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sǐzhě [Phonetic: sízhě]
*** Zhuyin: ㄙˇ ㄓㄜˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǐhjhě
*** Wade–Giles: ssŭ$^3$-chê$^3$
*** Yale: sž-jě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: syyjee
*** Palladius: сычжэ (syčžɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /sz̩²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂɤ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: sei$^2$ ze$^2$
*** Yale: séi jé
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sei$^2$ dze$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séi$^2$ zé$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /sei̯³⁵ t͡sɛː³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sí-chá
*** Hakka Romanization System: xi$^ˋ$ za$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xi$^3$ za$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /si³¹ t͡sa³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sí-chiá
*** Tâi-lô: sí-tsiá
*** Phofsit Daibuun: syciar
*** IPA (Xiamen): /si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /si⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡sia⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /si⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /si⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡sia⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: sijX tsyaeX
Rime :
| Character | 死 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (17) | 麻 (100) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 息姊切 | 章也切 |
| Baxter | sijX | tsyaeX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /sˠiɪ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /sᵚi$^X$/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /siɪ$^X$/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sji$^X$/ | /cia$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /sji$^X$/ | /t͡ɕia$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /si$^X$/ | /t͡ɕĭa$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si$^X$/ | /t͡ɕi̯a$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | sǐ | zhě |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | si$^2$ | ze$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*sijʔ tAʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hljiʔ tjaːʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 死 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | sǐ | zhě |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sij$^X$ › | ‹ tsyæ$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*sijʔ/ | /*tAʔ/ |
| English | die (v.) | (nominalizing particle) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 死 | 者 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12006 | 16960 |
| Phonetic component | 死 | 者 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 死 | 者 |
| Old Chinese | /*hljiʔ/ | /*tjaːʔ/ |
| Notes | | 說文古旅聲。甲金文象足印小坎積水， 爲瀦初文，用詹鄞鑫說 |

### Noun

死者
* the dead; the deceased; the departed
    From: The Art of War, circa 5th century BCE
    Wángguó bù kěyǐ fù cún, sǐzhě bù kěyǐ fùshēng. [Pinyin]
    The perished states cannot be refounded, and the dead cannot come back to life.

#### Synonyms

* 亡人 (wángrén) (literary)
* 亡者 (wángzhě) (literary)
* 往生者 (wǎngshēngzhě) (Buddhism, euphemism)
* 故人 (gùrén) (literary)
* 死人 (sǐrén)
* 瓜碼子／瓜码子 (gua$^1$ ma$^3$ zr) (Xiang)
* 聖人／圣人 (Hokkien, euphemism)
* 逝者 (shìzhě) (literary)

#### Antonyms

* 生者 (shēngzhě)

#### Derived terms

* 死者數／死者数 (sǐzhěshù)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 死(し)者(しゃ) (shisha)
* → Korean: 사자(死者) (saja)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 死 | 者 |
| し Grade: 3 | しゃ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 死者 (kyūjitai)

### Etymology

From Sinitic. Date of borrowing unknown. Compare modern Chinese 死者 (sǐzhě).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ししゃ [shíꜜshà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɕiɕa̠]

### Noun

死(し)者(しゃ) • (shisha)
* a dead person, the dead
    死(し)者(しゃ)の神(かみ)、エレボス
       Shisha no Kami, Erebosu
       Erebus, God of the Dead

#### Synonyms

* See Thesaurus:死人

#### See also

* 黄泉(よみ) (yomi): the land of the dead

### References

* ↑ Hirayama, Teruo, editor (1960), 全国アクセント辞典 (Zenkoku Akusento Jiten, “Nationwide Accent Dictionary”) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Tōkyōdō, →ISBN