# 出馬
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chūmǎ
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄨ ㄇㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ceot$^1$ maa$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhut-má / chhut-bé
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chūmǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄨ ㄇㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chumǎ
*** Wade–Giles: chʻu$^1$-ma$^3$
*** Yale: chū-mǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chumaa
*** Palladius: чума (čuma)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵ mä²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ceot$^1$ maa$^5$
*** Yale: chēut máh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsoet$^7$ maa$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cêd$^1$ ma$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɵt̚⁵ maː¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-má
*** Tâi-lô: tshut-má
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhutmar
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ mã⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ mã⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁵ mã⁵³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhut-bé
*** Tâi-lô: tshut-bé
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhutbea
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ be⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰut̚³²⁻⁴ be⁴¹/

### Verb

出馬
* (formal, literally) to take to the field on horseback; to ride out onto the battlefield
* (formal, figuratively) to take charge; to go into action

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 出 | 馬 |
| しゅつ Grade: 1 | ば Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

出(しゅつ)馬(ば) • (shutsuba)
* riding out on a horse; often to a battlefield
* coming forward, especially by running as a candidate in an election

### Verb

出(しゅつ)馬(ば)する • (shutsuba suru) suru (stem 出(しゅつ)馬(ば)し (shutsuba shi), past 出(しゅつ)馬(ば)した (shutsuba shita))
* ride out on horseback, often to battle
* come forward, typically to run as a candidate for an election
    党公認(とうこうにん)で出馬(しゅつば)する
       tōkōnin de shutsuba suru
       run as a candidate with party support

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 出馬し | しゅつばし | shutsuba shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 出馬し | しゅつばし | shutsuba shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 出馬する | しゅつばする | shutsuba suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 出馬する | しゅつばする | shutsuba suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 出馬すれ | しゅつばすれ | shutsuba sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 出馬せよ¹ 出馬しろ² | しゅつばせよ¹ しゅつばしろ² | shutsuba seyo¹ shutsuba shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 出馬される | しゅつばされる | shutsuba sareru |
| Causative | 出馬させる 出馬さす | しゅつばさせる しゅつばさす | shutsuba saseru shutsuba sasu |
| Potential | 出馬できる | しゅつばできる | shutsuba dekiru |
| Volitional | 出馬しよう | しゅつばしよう | shutsuba shiyō |
| Negative | 出馬しない | しゅつばしない | shutsuba shinai |
| Negative continuative | 出馬せず | しゅつばせず | shutsuba sezu |
| Formal | 出馬します | しゅつばします | shutsuba shimasu |
| Perfective | 出馬した | しゅつばした | shutsuba shita |
| Conjunctive | 出馬して | しゅつばして | shutsuba shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 出馬すれば | しゅつばすれば | shutsuba sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.
* Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN