# 燃

| 燃 | U+71C3, &#29123; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-71C3 |
| ← 燂 [U+71C2] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 燄 → [U+71C4] |

## Translingual
### Han character

燃 (Kangxi radical 86, 火+12, 16 strokes, cangjie input 火月大火 (FBKF), four-corner 9383$_3$, composition ⿰火然)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 682, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 19394
* Dae Jaweon: page 1094, character 6
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2235, character 11
* Unihan data for U+71C3

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 嘫 | *rneːn |
| 然 | *njen |
| 肰 | *njen |
| 繎 | *njon, *njen |
| 燃 | *njen |
| 蹨 | *njenʔ, *neːnʔ |
| 橪 | *njenʔ, *ʔneːn |
| 撚 | *neːnʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *njen) : semantic 火 (“fire”) + phonetic 然 (OC *njen) – burn with fire. Originally 然 (OC *njen), but because it was phonetically borrowed for abstract senses, 火 (huǒ) was added for differentiation.

### Etymology

Probably Sino-Tibetan; compare Jingpho nan (“to light”), shanan (“torch”) (Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): rán (ran$^2$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄖㄢˊ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): ran$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): jin$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): ngen$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): len$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): yèn / yàn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): yan$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ran$^1$ / ran$^2$
* Northern Min (KCR): ǐng
* Eastern Min (BUC): iòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): liân / jiân
    (Teochew, Peng'im): riang$^5$ / riêng$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$zoe
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): yenn$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rán
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rán
*** Wade–Giles: jan$^2$
*** Yale: rán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ran
*** Palladius: жань (žanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐän³⁵/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: ran$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: rhan
*** Sinological IPA : /zan²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jin$^4$
*** Yale: yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiːn²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: ngen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ᵑɡen²²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: len$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɛn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yèn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ien$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯en¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yàn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)ian$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯an¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: yan$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ian¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ran$^1$ / ran$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʐæ̃¹¹/, /ʐæ̃⁵³/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: ǐng
*** Sinological IPA : /iŋ²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: iòng
*** Sinological IPA : /yoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liân
*** Tâi-lô: liân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lieen
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɛn²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: jiân
*** Tâi-lô: jiân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: jieen
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ziɛn²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /d͡ziɛn¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: riang$^5$ / riêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: jiâng / jiêng
*** Sinological IPA : /d͡ziaŋ⁵⁵/, /d͡zieŋ⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$zoe
*** MiniDict: zoe$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$zoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /zø²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: yenn$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /y̯ẽ¹³/
* Middle Chinese: nyen
Rime :
| Character | 燃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如延切 |
| Baxter | nyen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵian/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.na[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njen/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 燃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyen › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.na[n]/ |
| English | burn |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 燃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10759 |
| Phonetic component | 肰 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 然 |
| Old Chinese | /*njen/ |
| Notes | 俗然字，轉註 |

#### Definitions

燃
* to burn; to be alight
* to ignite; to light
* to spark off (hopes); to start (debate); to raise (hopes)
* (neologism, slang) lit; awesome; cool; uplifting
* (neologism, slang) pumped up; hyper; stoked

##### Synonyms

* (to burn): 焚燒／焚烧 (fénshāo)
* (to ignite):
* 放
* 炳 (bǐng) (literary)
* 發火／发火 (fāhuǒ)
* 點燃／点燃 (diǎnrán)
* 點著／点着 (diǎnzháo)

#### Compounds

* 內燃機／内燃机 (nèiránjī)
* 助燃
* 可燃性 (kěránxìng)
* 可燃物 (kěránwù)
* 外燃機／外燃机
* 完全燃燒／完全燃烧
* 引燃 (yǐnrán)
* 斷臂燃身／断臂燃身
* 核子燃料
* 核燃料 (héránliào)
* 死灰復燃／死灰复燃 (sǐhuīfùrán)
* 沈燃
* 洞燃
* 淨化燃煤／净化燃煤
* 煮豆燃萁 (zhǔdòuránqí)
* 燃指
* 燃放 (ránfàng)
* 燃料 (ránliào)
* 燃料油 (ránliàoyóu)
* 燃料礦物／燃料矿物
* 燃氣輪機／燃气轮机
* 燃火
* 燃灰
* 燃灼
* 燃燒／燃烧 (ránshāo)
* 燔燃
* 燃燈佛／燃灯佛
* 燃燒彈／燃烧弹 (ránshāodàn)
* 燃犀
* 燃犀溫嶠／燃犀温峤
* 燃眉
* 燃眉之急 (ránméizhījí)
* 燃石
* 燃糠
* 燃糠照薪
* 燃糠自照
* 燃肉身燈／燃肉身灯
* 燃膏繼晷／燃膏继晷 (rángāojìguǐ)
* 燃臍／燃脐
* 燃萁之敏
* 燃萁煮豆
* 燃萁煎豆
* 燃藜
* 燃頂／燃顶
* 燃點／燃点 (rándiǎn)
* 燃鼎
* 燼燃／烬燃
* 犀燃
* 犀燃燭照／犀燃烛照
* 臍燃／脐燃
* 自燃 (zìrán)
* 豆萁燃豆
* 點燃／点燃 (diǎnrán)

### Pronunciation 2

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hiâⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hian$^5$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiâⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: hiânn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hviaa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiã²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiã²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiã¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiã²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiã²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hian$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiâⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /hĩã⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nyen
Rime :
| Character | 燃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 如延切 |
| Baxter | nyen |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ȵiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȵʑjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ȵian/ |
| Li Rong | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /ȵʑĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȵʑi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | rán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.na[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*njen/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 燃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | rán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nyen › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.na[n]/ |
| English | burn |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 燃 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 10759 |
| Phonetic component | 肰 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 然 |
| Old Chinese | /*njen/ |
| Notes | 俗然字，轉註 |

#### Definitions

燃
* (Hokkien, Teochew, Hainanese) to burn (wood, coal, etc.)
* (Hokkien, Teochew) to heat up; to boil (a liquid)
    燃水 [Hokkien] ― hiâⁿ-chúi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to heat up water; to boil water

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)
* Burn, blaze, glow

#### Readings

* Go-on: ねん (nen, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: ぜん (zen)
* Kun: もえる (moeru, 燃える, Jōyō)、もす (mosu, 燃す, Jōyō)、もやす (moyasu, 燃やす, Jōyō)

## Korean
### Hanja

燃 (eumhun 탈 연 (tal yeon))
* hanja form of 연 (“burn, light fire, ignite”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

燃: Hán Nôm readings: nhiên, nhen
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.