# 喪失
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sàngshī
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄤˋ ㄕ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): song$^3$ sat$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sóng-sṳt
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sòng-sit
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sang$^3$ sig$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sàngshī
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄤˋ ㄕ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sàngshih
*** Wade–Giles: sang$^4$-shih$^1$
*** Yale: sàng-shr̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sanqshy
*** Palladius: санши (sanši)
*** Sinological IPA : /sɑŋ⁵¹ ʂʐ̩⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$喪失／丧失 喪屍／丧尸
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: song$^3$ sat$^1$
*** Yale: song sāt
*** Cantonese Pinyin: song$^3$ sat$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: song$^3$ sed$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɔːŋ³³ sɐt̚⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sóng-sṳt
*** Hakka Romanization System: song$^ˋ$ siid$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^3$ sid$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ³¹ sɨt̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sòng-sit
*** Tâi-lô: sòng-sit
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sorngsid
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sit̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sit̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sɔŋ²¹⁻⁵³ sit̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /sɔŋ¹¹⁻⁵³ sit̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sɔŋ²¹⁻⁴¹ sit̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sang$^3$ sig$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: sàng sik
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ sik̚²/

### Verb

喪失
* to lose; to forfeit
    喪失尊嚴／丧失尊严 ― sàngshī zūnyán ― to lose one's dignity

#### Synonyms

* 失掉 (shīdiào)
* 損／损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 損失／损失 (sǔnshī)
* 淪亡／沦亡 (lúnwáng)
* 滅絕／灭绝 (mièjué)
* 虧／亏 (kuī)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 喪 | 失 |
| そう Grade: S | しつ Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そーしつ [sòóshítsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [so̞ːɕit͡sɨ]

### Noun

喪(そう)失(しつ) • (sōshitsu)
* forfeiture, loss
    全(ぜん)電(でん)源(げん)喪(そう)失(しつ)
       zen-dengen sōshitsu
       whole power loss

#### Derived terms

* 記(き)憶(おく)喪(そう)失(しつ) (kioku sōshitsu): amnesia

### Verb

喪(そう)失(しつ)する • (sōshitsu suru) suru (stem 喪(そう)失(しつ)し (sōshitsu shi), past 喪(そう)失(しつ)した (sōshitsu shita))
* forfeit, lose

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 喪失し | そうしつし | sōshitsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 喪失し | そうしつし | sōshitsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 喪失する | そうしつする | sōshitsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 喪失する | そうしつする | sōshitsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 喪失すれ | そうしつすれ | sōshitsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 喪失せよ¹ 喪失しろ² | そうしつせよ¹ そうしつしろ² | sōshitsu seyo¹ sōshitsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 喪失される | そうしつされる | sōshitsu sareru |
| Causative | 喪失させる 喪失さす | そうしつさせる そうしつさす | sōshitsu saseru sōshitsu sasu |
| Potential | 喪失できる | そうしつできる | sōshitsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 喪失しよう | そうしつしよう | sōshitsu shiyō |
| Negative | 喪失しない | そうしつしない | sōshitsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 喪失せず | そうしつせず | sōshitsu sezu |
| Formal | 喪失します | そうしつします | sōshitsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 喪失した | そうしつした | sōshitsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 喪失して | そうしつして | sōshitsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 喪失すれば | そうしつすれば | sōshitsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 喪 | 失 |

### Noun

喪失 • (sangsil) (hangeul 상실)
* hanja form of 상실 (“loss, forfeiture”)