# 緘

| 緘 | U+7DD8, &#32216; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7DD8 |
| ← 緗 [U+7DD7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 緙 → [U+7DD9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

緘 (Kangxi radical 120, 糸+9, 15 strokes, cangjie input 女火戈竹口 (VFIHR), four-corner 2395$_0$, composition ⿰糹咸)
* seal, close
* bind
* letter

#### Derived characters

* 𦆃, 𧁺, 𥶳

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 930, character 2
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27638
* Dae Jaweon: page 1368, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3424, character 3
* Unihan data for U+7DD8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 感 | *kɯːmʔ |
| 鱤 | *kɯːmʔ |
| 顑 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *ŋɡrɯːms |
| 轗 | *kʰɯːmʔ, *kʰɯːms |
| 撼 | *ɡɯːmʔ |
| 憾 | *ɡɯːms |
| 喊 | *qʰaːmʔ, *qʰrɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
| 緘 | *krɯːm |
| 瑊 | *krɯːm, *kjum |
| 黬 | *krɯːm, *ŋɡrɯːm |
| 減 | *krɯːmʔ, *ɡrɯːmʔ |
| 羬 | *ŋɡrɯːm, *ɡram |
| 麙 | *ŋɡrɯːm |
| 咸 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 鹹 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 醎 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 諴 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 椷 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 輱 | *ɡrɯːm |
| 鍼 | *ɡam, *ɡram, *kjɯm |
| 箴 | *kjɯm |
| 葴 | *kjɯm |
| 鱵 | *kjum |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiān (jian$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaam$^1$ / zin$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jian
*** Wade–Giles: chien$^1$
*** Yale: jyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jian
*** Palladius: цзянь (czjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaam$^1$ / zin$^1$
*** Yale: gāam / jīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaam$^1$ / dzin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gam$^1$ / jin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːm⁵⁵/, /t͡siːn⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: keam
Rime :
| Character | 緘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 咸 (151) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 古咸切 |
| Baxter | keam |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠɛm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚæm/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɐm/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəɨm/ |
| Li Rong | /kɐm/ |
| Wang Li | /kɐm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kăm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*krɯːm/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 緘 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 13506 |
| Phonetic component | 咸 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 緘 |
| Old Chinese | /*krɯːm/ |

### Definitions

緘
* seal

#### Compounds

* 三緘其口／三缄其口 (sānjiānqíkǒu)
* 寶緘／宝缄
* 封緘器／封缄器
* 機緘／机缄
* 瑤緘／瑶缄
* 緘口／缄口
* 緘口不言／缄口不言
* 緘口如瓶／缄口如瓶
* 緘口無言／缄口无言
* 緘口結舌／缄口结舌
* 緘札／缄札
* 緘舌閉口／缄舌闭口
* 緘默／缄默 (jiānmò)
* 緘默權／缄默权 (jiānmòquán)
* 金人緘口／金人缄口

### References

* “緘”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)

#### Readings

* Go-on: けん (ken)
* Kan-on: かん (kan)
* Kun: とじる (tojiru, 緘じる)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 緘
* かん Hyōgai
* on'yomi
From Middle Chinese 緘 (MC keam).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かん [káꜜǹ] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kã̠ɴ]

### Affix

緘(かん) • (kan)
* shut; close; seal

### Noun

緘(かん) • (kan)
* seam; seal (of an envelope)
* writing on the seal of an envelope

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

緘 • (ham) (hangeul 함)
* seal, close
* bind
* letter