# 墳墓
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): fénmù
       (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˊ ㄇㄨˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): fen$^2$ mo$^4$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fan$^4$ mou$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): fùn-mu
* Eastern Min (BUC): hùng-muó
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hûn-bōng / hûn-mō͘ / hûn-bō͘ / phûn-bōng / phûn-bō͘
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ven-mu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fénmù
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˊ ㄇㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fénmù
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^2$-mu$^4$
*** Yale: fén-mù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fernmuh
*** Palladius: фэньму (fɛnʹmu)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən³⁵ mu⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: fen$^2$ mo$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: fenmo
*** Sinological IPA : /fən²¹ mo²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^4$ mou$^6$
*** Yale: fàhn mouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^4$ mou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^4$ mou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn²¹ mou̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fùn-mu
*** Hakka Romanization System: fun$^ˇ$ mu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fun$^2$ mu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /fun¹¹ mu⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hùng-muó
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ⁵³⁻²¹ muɔ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn-bōng
*** Tâi-lô: hûn-bōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hunbong
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hun²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun²³⁻³³ bɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hun¹³⁻²² bɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn-mō͘
*** Tâi-lô: hûn-mōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hunmo
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun²⁴⁻²² mɔ̃⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hûn-bō͘
*** Tâi-lô: hûn-bōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hunbo
*** IPA (Taipei): /hun²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔ³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phûn-bōng
*** Tâi-lô: phûn-bōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phunbong
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰun²³⁻³³ bɔŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phûn-bō͘
*** Tâi-lô: phûn-bōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phunbo
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ven-mu
*** MiniDict: ven$^去$ mu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ven-mu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /vən²² mu⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: bjun muH
Rime :
| Character | 墳 | 墓 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | I |
| Fanqie | 符分切 | 莫故切 |
| Baxter | bjun | muH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bɨun/ | /muo$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /biun/ | /muo$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /biuən/ | /mo$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bun/ | /mɔ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /biuən/ | /mo$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /bĭuən/ | /mu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱi̯uən/ | /muo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fén | mù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fan$^4$ | mou$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯn maːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 墓 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mu$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.mˁak-s/ |
| English | grave (n.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 墳 | 墓 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 454 | 9250 |
| Phonetic component | 奔 | 莫 |
| Rime group | 文 | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 汾 | 暮 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯn/ | /*maːɡs/ |

### Noun

墳墓
* grave; tomb (Classifier: 座)

#### Synonyms

* 墓葬 (mùzàng)
* 墳／坟
* 墳包／坟包 (fen$^2$ bao$^1$) (Sichuanese)
* 墳塚／坟冢 (fénzhǒng) (literary)
* 宅兆 (zháizhào) (literary)
* 風水／风水 (Hakka, Hokkien, Teochew)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 墳墓, 墳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 墳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 墳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 墓, 墳墓 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 墳 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 墳 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 墳, 墳地, 塋地, 墳墓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 墳, 墓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 墳, 墓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 墳墓, 墳 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 墳塋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 墳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 墳, 墳墓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 墳, 墳墓 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 墳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 墳, 墳墓 large |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 墳 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 墳, 山 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 墳堆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 墳堆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 墳堆 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 墳 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 墳 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 墳, 墳攤, 墳攤堆子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 墳堰 |
| Mandarin | Fuzhou (Qinjiang, Changle) | 墳 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 山墳, 山, 墳 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 山墳, 墳, 墓, 墳墓 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 墳頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 墳頭 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 墳頭 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 墳墓 |
| Cantonese | Taishan (Guanghai) | 墳墓 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 墓 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 山, 墳山 |
| Cantonese | Maoming (Xinpo) | 墳山 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 墳山 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 墳山 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 墳山 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 墳山, 山 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Shatian) | 山 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 墳, 山 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Nankang) | 墳 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Yingpan) | 山, 墳山 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 墳墓, 墳頭, 墳山 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 墳墓, 墳山 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 墳墓 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 山墳, 義山 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 墳墓 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 山墳 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 墳墓 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 墳山, 墳墓 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 墳 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 墳, 墳塋 large |
| Gan | Jianning | 地 |
| Gan | Taining | 地 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 地, 墓 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 泥壠 first burial, 地 second burial |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 地 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 墳頭 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 地, 地墳 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 地 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 地墳 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 地 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 地 second burial |
| Hakka | Liannan | 墳 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 地 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 地 |
| Hakka | Pinghe (Jiufeng) | 地 |
| Hakka | Changting | 地 |
| Hakka | Shanghang | 地 |
| Hakka | Longyan (Yongding) | 地 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 地 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 地, 死佬 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 地 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 地 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 地 |
| Hakka | Qingliu | 地 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 地 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 地, 風水 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 地 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 地 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 墳, 地 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 地 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 地 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 風水 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 風水 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 風水 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 風水 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 風水 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 地, 風水 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 墳頭 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 山 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 山, 山頭 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 山地 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 墳山 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 墳地 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 墳山 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 墳地 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 墳, 墳地 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 墳, 地 without a body buried |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 墳地 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 山 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 墳, 風水, 義山 |
| Hakka | Senai (Hepo) | 墳墓, 地 dated |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 地, 地門堂 |
| Hakka | Pontianak (Meixian) | 地 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 墳, 墓 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 塚 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 塚 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 塚 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe | 塚 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 塚 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 塚 |
| Northern Min | Wuyishan | 塚 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 塚 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Lianjiang | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Pingtan | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Minqing | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 地, 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Luoyuan | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Xiapu | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Zherong | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 墓 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 墓, 墓仔, 風水 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 墓, 風水 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Nan'an | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Anxi | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Dehua | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 墓, 墓仔, 風水 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Longhai) | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou (Changtai) | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Hua'an | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Nanjing | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 墓仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangpu | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Yunxiao | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 墓, 風水 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 墓, 墓地, 公司山 dated |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 墓, 風水 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Zhangping | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 墳, 風水 |
| Southern Min | Lufeng | 風水 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 風水 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 墳, 義山 |
| Southern Min | Chiang Mai (Teochew) | 墳 |
| Southern Min | Hat Yai (Teochew) | 墳 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 墳, 義山 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 墳 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 墓 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 墓 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 墓 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 墓 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 墳 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Sanyuan) | 墳 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 墳 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shaowu | 墓 |
| Shaojiang Min | Guangze | 墓 |
| Shaojiang Min | Jiangle | 地 |
| Shaojiang Min | Mingxi | 地 |
| Shaojiang Min | Shunchang | 塚, 墳 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 墳墓, 山 |
| Shehua | Fu'an | 墓 |
| Shehua | Fuding | 墓 |
| Shehua | Luoyuan | 墳 |
| Shehua | Sanming | 墳 |
| Shehua | Shunchang | 墳 |
| Shehua | Hua'an | 墳 |
| Shehua | Guixi (Zhangping) | 墳 |
| Shehua | Cangnan | 墳 |
| Shehua | Jingning (Hexi) | 墳 |
| Shehua | Lishui | 墳 |
| Shehua | Longyou | 墳 |
| Shehua | Chaozhou | 墳 |
| Shehua | Fengshun | 墳 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 墳, 墳墓, 墓 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 墳 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 墳 |
| Wu | Danyang | 墳墓 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 墳 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 墳, 墓 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 墳 |
| Wu | Yiwu | 墳頭 |
| Wu | Pucheng | 墳 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 墳 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 墳, 墓 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 墳, 墓 |
| Xiangnan Tuhua | Jiangyong | 祖 |

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 墳(ふん)墓(ぼ) (funbo)
* → Korean: 분묘(墳墓) (bunmyo)
* → Vietnamese: phần mộ (墳墓)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 墳 | 墓 |
| ふん Grade: S | ぼ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɸɯ̟̃mbo̞]

### Noun

墳(ふん)墓(ぼ) • (funbo)
* (archaeology) grave; tomb

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 墳 | 墓 |

### Noun

墳墓 • (bunmyo) (hangeul 분묘)
* hanja form of 분묘 (“grave; tomb”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 墳 | 墓 |

### Noun

墳墓
* chữ Hán form of phần mộ (“grave; tomb”).