# 赫然
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hèrán
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ ㄖㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haak$^1$ jin$^4$ / hak$^1$ jin$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hek-jiân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hèrán
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ ㄖㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hèrán
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^4$-jan$^2$
*** Yale: hè-rán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hehran
*** Palladius: хэжань (xɛžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ⁵¹ ʐän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haak$^1$ jin$^4$ / hak$^1$ jin$^4$
*** Yale: hāak yìhn / hāk yìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haak$^7$ jin$^4$ / hak$^7$ jin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hag$^1$ yin$^4$ / heg$^1$ yin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːk̚⁵ jiːn²¹/, /hɐk̚⁵ jiːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hek-jiân
*** Tâi-lô: hik-jiân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hekjieen
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ d͡ziɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɪk̚⁵⁻²⁴ d͡ziɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɪk̚³²⁻⁵ d͡ziɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ d͡ziɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɪk̚³²⁻⁴ ziɛn²³/
* Middle Chinese: xaek nyen
Rime :
| Character | 赫 | 然 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 陌 (113) | 仙 (77) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 呼格切 | 如延切 |
| Baxter | xaek | nyen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠæk̚/ | /ȵiᴇn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hᵚak̚/ | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xak̚/ | /ȵʑjæn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /haɨjk̚/ | /ȵian/ |
| Li Rong | /xɐk̚/ | /ȵiɛn/ |
| Wang Li | /xɐk̚/ | /ȵʑĭɛn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xɐk̚/ | /ȵʑi̯ɛn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | he | rán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hak$^1$ | jin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤrak [n]a[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰraːɡ njen/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 赫 | 然 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hè | rán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xaek › | ‹ nyen › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰˁrak/ | /*[n]a[n]/ |
| English | red, fiery | so, thus; (adv suffix) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 赫 | 然 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1474 | 10756 |
| Phonetic component | 赤 | 肰 |
| Rime group | 鐸 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 赫 | 然 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰraːɡ/ | /*njen/ |

### Adjective

赫然
* (literary) unexpected and shocking
* (literary) terribly angry

### Adverb

赫然
* (literary, of fire) brightly; ablaze; with gleaming light
    From: The Book of the Later Han, circa 5th century CE
    Huǒguāng hèrán zhǔ tiān, yǒuqǐng bùxiàn. [Pinyin]
    A fire lit brightly, as if reaching heaven, and shortly disappeared.
* (literary) shockingly; to one's horror; horribly
    From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
    Zhào Dùn jiù ér shì zhī, zé hèrán sǐrén yě. [Pinyin]
    Zhao Dun came close and took a look, and to his horror, it was a dead body.
* (literary) with great vehemence; furiously
    From: p. 73 BCE, Huan Kuan (桓寬) (editor). Discourses on Salt and Iron (《鹽鐵論》).
    Chénwáng hèrán fèn zhǎoyá wéi tiānxià shǒushì. [Pinyin]
    King Chen, with great vehemence, unleashed his armed men and arose to the world's greatest emergency.

#### Derived terms

* 赫然有聲／赫然有声