# 譬如
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pìrú
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧˋ ㄖㄨˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pei$^3$ jyu$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): pī-ṳ̀
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phì-lû / phì-lîr / phì-jî / phì-jû
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pi$^3$ ru$^5$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$phi-zy; $^5$phi-lu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pìrú
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧˋ ㄖㄨˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pìrú
*** Wade–Giles: pʻi$^4$-ju$^2$
*** Yale: pì-rú
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pihru
*** Palladius: пижу (pižu)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi⁵¹ ʐu³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pei$^3$ jyu$^4$
*** Yale: pei yùh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pei$^3$ jy$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: péi$^3$ yu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰei̯³³ jyː²¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: pī-ṳ̀
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi³³⁻²¹ y⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phì-lû
*** Tâi-lô: phì-lû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phieluu
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰi¹¹⁻⁵³ lu²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰi²¹⁻⁵³ lu²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phì-lîr
*** Tâi-lô: phì-lîr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ lɯ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phì-jî
*** Tâi-lô: phì-jî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phiejii
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰi²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zi¹³/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phì-jû
*** Tâi-lô: phì-jû
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phiejuu
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰi²¹⁻⁴¹ zu²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pi$^3$ ru$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phì jû
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰi²¹³⁻⁵⁵ d͡zu⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$phi-zy; $^5$phi-lu
*** MiniDict: phi$^去$ zy; phi$^去$ lu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$phi-zr; $^2$phi-lu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰi³³ zz̩⁴⁴/, /pʰi³³ lu⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: phjieH nyo|nyoH
Rime :
| Character | 譬 | 如 | 如 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) | 日 (38) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) | 魚 (22) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 匹賜切 | 人諸切 | 人恕切 |
| Baxter | phjieH | nyo | nyoH |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰiᴇ$^H$/ | /ȵɨʌ/ | /ȵɨʌ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰiɛ$^H$/ | /ȵiɔ/ | /ȵiɔ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰjɛ$^H$/ | /ȵʑiɔ/ | /ȵʑiɔ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰiə̆$^H$/ | /ȵɨə̆/ | /ȵɨə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰie$^H$/ | /ȵiɔ/ | /ȵiɔ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰǐe$^H$/ | /ȵʑĭo/ | /ȵʑĭo$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pʰie̯$^H$/ | /ȵʑi̯wo/ | /ȵʑi̯wo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pì | rú | rù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pei$^3$ | jyu$^4$ | jyu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰek-s na/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰeɡs nja|njas/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 譬 | 如 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | pì | rú |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ phjie$^H$ › | ‹ nyo › |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰek-s/ | /*na/ |
| English | example | as, like, if |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 譬 | 如 | 如 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 666 | 9623 | 9631 |
| Phonetic component | 辟 | 女 | 女 |
| Rime group | 賜 | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 譬 | 如 | 洳 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰeɡs/ | /*nja/ | /*njas/ |

### Verb

譬如
* to take for example; for example; for instance; such as
* (literary) to be similar to; to be just like
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Rén zhī xián bùxiào pìrú shǔ yǐ, zài suǒ zì chǔ ěr! [Pinyin]
    So called superiority or lowliness, for men, is just the same for mice: It simply depends on where one chooses to live!
    From: c. early 3rd century, Cao Cao (曹操), In the "Short-Metre" Style I (《短歌行其一》)
    Pìrú zhāolù, qùrì kǔ duō. [Pinyin]
    Like dewdrops under morning light, it [life] is too short for grieving days lost.
    From: Romance of the Three Kingdoms, circa 14th century CE
    Wú jiàn Cáogōng, yán yǎng jiāngjūn pìrú yǎng hǔ, dāng bǎo qí ròu; bù bǎo zé jiāng shì rén. [Pinyin]
    I met Lord Cao and told him that keeping Your Excellency at his service is like feeding a tiger. A tiger should be fed meat to its satisfaction; if not, it will devour people.

#### Synonyms

* (to take for example):
* 例如 (lìrú)
* 別作／别作 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 好比 (hǎobǐ)
* 掠作 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 比在 (Hokkien)
* 比如 (bǐrú)
* 比方 (colloquial)
* 比論／比论 (Dungan, Hakka, Hokkien)
* 若作 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 諸如／诸如 (zhūrú)
* 講比／讲比 (jiang$^3$ bi$^3$) (Sichuanese)

#### Derived terms

* 譬如話／譬如话
* 譬如說／譬如说 (pìrúshuō)
* 譬如講／譬如讲