# 保守
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǎoshǒu
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄠˇ ㄕㄡˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bou$^2$ sau$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pó-sú
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pó-siú
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$pau-seu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǎoshǒu [Phonetic: báoshǒu]
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄠˇ ㄕㄡˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǎoshǒu
*** Wade–Giles: pao$^3$-shou$^3$
*** Yale: bǎu-shǒu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: baoshoou
*** Palladius: баошоу (baošou)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʂoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bou$^2$ sau$^2$
*** Yale: bóu sáu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bou$^2$ sau$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bou$^2$ seo$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /pou̯³⁵ sɐu̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pó-sú
*** Hakka Romanization System: bo$^ˋ$ su$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bo$^3$ su$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /po³¹ su³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pó-siú
*** Tâi-lô: pó-siú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: poysiuo
*** IPA (Xiamen): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /po⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siu⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /po⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siu⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pɤ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siu⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$pau-seu
*** MiniDict: pau$^去$ seu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$pau-seu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pɔ³³ sɤ⁴⁴/

### Verb

保守
* to keep; to guard
    保守黨的秘密／保守党的秘密 ― bǎoshǒu Dǎng de mìmì ― to protect Party secrets

#### Synonyms

* 保 (bǎo) (literary, or in compounds)
* 保持 (bǎochí)
* 守 (shǒu)
* 把牢 (bǎláo)
* 維持／维持 (wéichí)
* 維繫／维系 (wéixì)

### Adjective

保守
* conservative (tending to resist change or innovation)
    很保守的國家／很保守的国家 ― hěn bǎoshǒu de guójiā ― very conservative country

#### Synonyms

* 守舊／守旧 (shǒujiù)
* 閉塞／闭塞 (bìsè)
* 頑固／顽固 (wángù)

#### Antonyms

* 進步／进步 (jìnbù)
* 開明／开明 (kāimíng)
* 開通／开通 (kāitong)

#### Derived terms

* 保守主義／保守主义 (bǎoshǒu zhǔyì)
* 保守派 (bǎoshǒupài)
* 保守療法／保守疗法
* 保守黨／保守党 (Bǎoshǒudǎng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 保 | 守 |
| ほ Grade: 5 | しゅ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ho̞ɕɨ]

### Noun

保(ほ)守(しゅ) • (hoshu)
* maintenance; conservation
* (politics) political conservatism

#### Synonyms

* (maintenance): メンテナンス (mentenansu)

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “political conservatism”): 革新(かくしん) (kakushin, “reform”)

#### Related terms

* リベラル (riberaru, “liberal”)

### Verb

保(ほ)守(しゅ)する • (hoshu suru) transitive suru (stem 保(ほ)守(しゅ)し (hoshu shi), past 保(ほ)守(しゅ)した (hoshu shita))
* maintain

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 保守し | ほしゅし | hoshu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 保守し | ほしゅし | hoshu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 保守する | ほしゅする | hoshu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 保守する | ほしゅする | hoshu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 保守すれ | ほしゅすれ | hoshu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 保守せよ¹ 保守しろ² | ほしゅせよ¹ ほしゅしろ² | hoshu seyo¹ hoshu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 保守される | ほしゅされる | hoshu sareru |
| Causative | 保守させる 保守さす | ほしゅさせる ほしゅさす | hoshu saseru hoshu sasu |
| Potential | 保守できる | ほしゅできる | hoshu dekiru |
| Volitional | 保守しよう | ほしゅしよう | hoshu shiyō |
| Negative | 保守しない | ほしゅしない | hoshu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 保守せず | ほしゅせず | hoshu sezu |
| Formal | 保守します | ほしゅします | hoshu shimasu |
| Perfective | 保守した | ほしゅした | hoshu shita |
| Conjunctive | 保守して | ほしゅして | hoshu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 保守すれば | ほしゅすれば | hoshu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### See also

* Appendix:Gikun_Usage_in_Meiji_Version_of_Japanese_Bible/保守り

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 保 | 守 |

### Noun

保守 • (bosu) (hangeul 보수)
* hanja form of 보수 (“conservation; political conservatism”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 保 | 守 |

### Adjective

保守
* chữ Hán form of bảo thủ (“conservative”).