# 町

| 町 | U+753A, &#30010; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-753A |
| ← 甹 [U+7539] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 画 → [U+753B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

町 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+2, 7 strokes, cangjie input 田一弓 (WMN), four-corner 6102$_0$, composition ⿰田丁)
* a raised path between fields

#### Derived characters

* 𬏈, 𤨀

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 759, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21735
* Dae Jaweon: page 1169, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2528, character 5
* Unihan data for U+753A

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 町 :
| Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 圢 | *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋʔ |
| 町 | *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ, *deːŋʔ |
| 打 | *rteŋʔ, *teːŋʔ |
| 盯 | *rteŋʔ, *rdeŋ |
| 朾 | *rteːŋ, *rdeːŋ |
| 丁 | *rteːŋ, *teːŋ |
| 玎 | *rteːŋ, *teːŋ |
| 虰 | *rdeːŋ, *tʰeŋ, *teːŋ |
| 揨 | *rdeːŋ |
| 釘 | *teːŋ, *teːŋs |
| 靪 | *teːŋ, *teːŋʔ |
| 仃 | *teːŋ |
| 叮 | *teːŋ |
| 疔 | *teːŋ |
| 頂 | *teːŋʔ |
| 奵 | *teːŋʔ |
| 耵 | *teːŋʔ |
| 酊 | *teːŋʔ |
| 葶 | *teːŋʔ, *deːŋ |
| 矴 | *teːŋs |
| 訂 | *teːŋs, *tʰeːŋ, *deːŋʔ |
| 飣 | *teːŋs |
| 汀 | *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋs |
| 艼 | *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ |
| 庁 | *tʰeːŋ |
| 婷 | *deːŋ |
| 停 | *deːŋ |
| 聤 | *deːŋ |
| 渟 | *deːŋ |
| 楟 | *deːŋ |
| 亭 | *deːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *tʰeːnʔ, *tʰeːŋ, *tʰeːŋʔ, *deːŋʔ) : semantic 田 (“field”) + phonetic 丁 (OC *rteːŋ, *teːŋ)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tǐng (ting$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ting$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): théng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tǐng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tǐng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻing$^3$
*** Yale: tǐng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tiing
*** Palladius: тин (tin)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiŋ²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ting$^2$
*** Yale: tíng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ting$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ting$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɪŋ³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: théng
*** Tâi-lô: thíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: teang
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰiɪŋ⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: theng, dengX, thengX
Rime :
| Character | 町 | 町 | 町 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 定 (7) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 青 (125) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 他丁切 | 徒鼎切 | 他鼎切 |
| Baxter | theng | dengX | thengX |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰeŋ/ | /deŋ$^X$/ | /tʰeŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰeŋ/ | /deŋ$^X$/ | /tʰeŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɛŋ/ | /dɛŋ$^X$/ | /tʰɛŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰɛjŋ/ | /dɛjŋ$^X$/ | /tʰɛjŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰeŋ/ | /deŋ$^X$/ | /tʰeŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰieŋ/ | /dieŋ$^X$/ | /tʰieŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰieŋ/ | /dʱieŋ$^X$/ | /tʰieŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tīng | dìng | tǐng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ting$^1$ | ding$^6$ | ting$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tʰˤeŋʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰeːŋ/, /*tʰeːŋʔ/, /*deːŋʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 町 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tǐng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ theng$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰˁeŋʔ/ |
| English | then(g)X.thwanX "trampled (field) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 町 | 町 | 町 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| No. | 2399 | 2403 | 2413 |
| Phonetic component | 丁 | 丁 | 丁 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 汀 | 珽 | 挺 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰeːŋ/ | /*tʰeːŋʔ/ | /*deːŋʔ/ |

#### Definitions

町
* a ridge or boundary between fields
* a field

##### Compounds

* 町畦
* 町畽

### Pronunciation 2

Spelling pronunciation, as 丁 (dīng).
* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dīng (ding$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ding$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): teng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ding
*** Wade–Giles: ting$^1$
*** Yale: dīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ding
*** Palladius: дин (din)
*** Sinological IPA : /tiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ding$^1$
*** Yale: dīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ding$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ding$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: teng
*** Tâi-lô: ting
*** Phofsit Daibuun: defng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɪŋ⁴⁴/

#### Definitions

町
* a local administrative unit in Japan (see below)
* character used in placenames

##### Compounds

* 東門町／东门町
* 歌舞伎町 (Gēwǔjì Dīng)
* 畹町 (Wǎndīng)
* 西門町／西门町 (Xīméndīng)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhèng (zheng$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄥˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhèng
*** Wade–Giles: chêng$^4$
*** Yale: jèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jenq
*** Palladius: чжэн (čžɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂɤŋ⁵¹/

#### Definitions

町
* plain

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tiǎn (tian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄢˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tiǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tiǎn
*** Wade–Giles: tʻien$^3$
*** Yale: tyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tean
*** Palladius: тянь (tjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Middle Chinese: thenX
Rime :
| Character | 町 |
| Reading # | 2/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | IV |
| Fanqie | 他典切 |
| Baxter | thenX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰen$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰen$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɛn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰɛn$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰen$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰien$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰien$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tiǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tin$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰeːnʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 町 |
| Reading # | 1/4 |
| No. | 2367 |
| Phonetic component | 丁 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 腆 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰeːnʔ/ |

#### Definitions

町
* Only used in 町疃.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(First grade kyōiku kanji)
* (まち): town
* (あぜみち): path between fields

#### Readings

* Go-on: ちょう (chō, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: てい (tei)
* Kun: まち (machi, 町, Jōyō)、あぜみち (azemichi, 町)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 町
* まち Grade: 1
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 街
From Old Japanese, with the original meaning of "plot of land"; in turn, likely borrowed from an ancestor to Middle Korean 맡 (math, “field”).
All Japanese etymological theories base the etymology on the meaning of "town; section of a castle town", typically using 道 (chi, michi, “road”), but a Korean borrowing is more plausible given the earlier semantics in Old Japanese.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まち [màchíꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
* IPA: [ma̠t͡ɕi]

#### Noun

町(まち) • (machi)
* a town, a city
* a section of a palace or residence
* a section of buildings
* under the Jōbō system, a section of a castle town
* chō (unit of length, approx. 109.09 m)
* chō (unit of land area, approx. 0.99 hectares)
* a section of where someone lives
* a market
* a section of a town or city
* a fortune-telling line or shape carved or drawn on the shell or bones of turtles or deer
* grade, quality
* townspeople
* the exterior of a red-light district
* the interior of a red-light district
* tax
* a subdivision making up a city
* the local government
* (obsolete) a plot (of land)
* (obsolete) a measure (of land)

#### Proper noun

町(まち) • (Machi)
* a surname

#### Suffix

町(まち) • (-machi)
* A Machi district; more detailed than 都, 道, 府, 県.

#### See also

* 街(まち) (machi)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 町
* ちょう Grade: 1
* goon

#### Suffix

町(ちょう) • (-chō)
* A Chō district; more detailed than 市, 区.

### References

* ↑ “町”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
* ↑ Omodaka, Hisataka (1967) 時代別国語大辞典 上代編 [The dictionary of historical Japanese: Old Japanese] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN, page 680
* ↑ Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin, University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR, page 192
* 1 2 “まち 【町・街・坊】”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2000-2002, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

町 (eumhun 밭두둑 정 (batduduk jeong))
* A ridge between fields.
* A boundary.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

町: Hán Nôm readings: đinh, thĩnh
* city