# سخل
## Arabic
### Etymology

As in some Bedouin dialects also with the first consonant emphatic (صَحَل (ṣaḥal), maybe from Sanskrit छागल (chāgala), छाग (chāga, “goat”), but in an original meaning of a newborn kid, with the meanings of “imperfect” dates or anything imperfect transferred, and from the brutal process of birth a denominal verb “taking or driving out by force”; though Freytag compares to خَسَلَ (ḵasala, “to reject, to cast out”), خُسَّل (ḵussal, “debile, vile”), which he relates further to حِسْل (ḥisl, “young of a spiny tailed lizard”), حَسِيل (ḥasīl, “bull calves; flock of cows”), حَسَلَ (ḥasala, “to propel vehemently”), which also contains a shape حُسَالَة (ḥusāla, “rejected or filed off things; dregs”) mirroring سُخَالَة (suḵāla, “rejected parts of things”), over which he leads us to well-known حُثَالَة (ḥuṯāla, “dregs, refuse of any crop”), Jewish Babylonian Aramaic מַתְחֲלָא (maṯḥălā, “calyx surrounding the date in its early state, or spathe of a date-palm”), Ancient Greek μᾰσχᾰ́λη (maskhálē, “axil, hollow at the base of a shoot; branch, young palm twig”). In view of خ ث ث (ḵ-ṯ-ṯ) there could be an original biconsonantal base.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /saxl/

### Noun

سَخْل • (saḵl) m (collective, singulative سَخْلَة f (saḵla), plural سِخَال (siḵāl) or سُخْلَان (suḵlān) or سِخَلَة (siḵala))
* offspring of a sheep or (more widely) a goat; lamb or kid
** 7th century CE, Sunan Abī Dāwud, 1:142:بَيْنَا نَحْنُ مَعَ رَسُولِ ٱللّٰهِ صَلَّى ٱللّٰهُ عَلَيْهِ وَسَلَّمَ جُلُوسٌ إِذْ دَفَعَ الرَّاعِي غَنَمَهُ إِلَى الْمُرَاحِ وَمَعَهُ سَخْلَةٌ تَيْعَرُbaynā naḥnu maʕa rasūli llāhi ṣallā llāhu ʕalayhi wasallama julūsun ʔiḏ dafaʕa r-rāʕī ḡanamahu ʔilā l-murāḥi wa-maʕa-hū saḵlatun tayʕaruWe were sitting in the company of the Messenger of God (PBUH) when we saw that a shepherd was driving a herd of sheep to their fold. He had with him a newly-born lamb that was crying.
* (Iraq, Khuzistan) goat

#### Declension
### Verb

سَخَلَ • (saḵala) I (non-past يَسْخَلُ (yasḵalu), verbal noun سَخْل (saḵl)) (obsolete)
* to repel, to drive away, to banish
* to take by deceit or by seizure

#### Conjugation
### Noun

سُخَّل • (suḵḵal) m
* weak dates, dates feeble in the stones and/or flesh, dates which are imperfect as incomplete
    Synonym: شِيص (šīṣ)

#### Declension
### Adjective

سُخَّل • (suḵḵal) (common plural سُخَّل (suḵḵal))
* feeble, weak, imperfect or incomplete
* low, ignoble, mean, base, vile

#### Alternative forms

* سُخَّال (suḵḵāl)

### References

* Behnstedt, Peter, Woidich, Manfred (2010) Wortatlas der arabischen Dialekte – Band I: Mensch, Natur, Fauna und Flora (Handbook of Oriental Studies – Handbuch der Orientalistik; 100) (in German), Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 266–276
* Freytag, Georg (1833) “سخل”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 2, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 296
* Kazimirski, Albin de Biberstein (1860) “سخل”, in Dictionnaire arabe-français contenant toutes les racines de la langue arabe, leurs dérivés, tant dans l’idiome vulgaire que dans l’idiome littéral, ainsi que les dialectes d’Alger et de Maroc‎ (in French), volume 1, Paris: Maisonneuve et C$^{ie}$, page 1066
* Lane, Edward William (1863) “سخل”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate, pages 1325b–1325a