# ⲙⲕⲁϩ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ (emkah) — Bohairic
* ⲙⲕⲉϩ (mkeh), ⲉⲙⲕⲉϩ (emkeh) — Fayyumic

### Pronunciation

* (Old Bohairic) IPA: /əmˈkʼah/
* (Late Bohairic) IPA: /amˈkah/
* (Greco-Bohairic) IPA: /emˈka(h)/

### Verb

ⲙ̀ⲕⲁϩ • (m̀kah) (stative (S, B) ⲙⲟⲕϩ, (A) ⲙⲁⲕϩ)
* (Bohairic, Sahidic, Akhmimic) to work, to toil, to labor
* (Bohairic, Sahidic, Akhmimic, intransitive) to be painful, difficult, be grieved

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲙⲕⲁϩ mkah | imperative | affirmative | ⲙⲕⲁϩ mkah |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ tm̄mkah, tm̄n̄mkah | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄n̄mkah |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲙⲕⲁϩ timkah | ⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ kmkah | ⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ temkah | ϥⲙⲕⲁϩ fmkah | ⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ smkah | ⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ tn̄mkah | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ tetn̄mkah | ⲥⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ semkah | ⲙⲕⲁϩ mkah |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ eïmkah | ⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ ekmkah | ⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ eremkah | ⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ efmkah | ⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ esmkah | ⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ enmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etetn̄mkah | ⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ eumkah | ⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ e- mkah, ere- mkah |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲙⲕⲁϩ etimkah | ⲉⲧⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ etkmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etemkah, eteremkah | ⲉⲧϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etfmkah | ⲉⲧⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etsmkah | ⲉⲧⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etnmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etetn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etoumkah | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ete- mkah, etere- mkah |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ naïmkah | ⲛⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ nakmkah | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ naremkah | ⲛⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ nafmkah | ⲛⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ nasmkah | ⲛⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nanmkah | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ natetn̄mkah | ⲛⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ naumkah | ⲛⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ na- mkah, nare- mkah |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ aimkah | ⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ akmkah | ⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ aremkah | ⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ afmkah | ⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ asmkah | ⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ anmkah | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ aretenmkah | ⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ aumkah | ⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲁⲣ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ a- mkah, ar- mkah, are- mkah |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ tinamkah | ⲕⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ knamkah | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ tenamkah | ϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ fnamkah | ⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ snamkah | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ tn̄namkah | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ tetnamkah | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ senamkah | ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ namkah |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ eïnamkah | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ eknamkah | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ erenamkah | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ efnamkah | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ esnamkah | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ennamkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etetnamkah | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ eunamkah | ⲉ- ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ e- namkah |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etinamkah | ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etknamkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etenamkah, eterenamkah | ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etfnamkah | ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etsnamkah | ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etnnamkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etetnamkah | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etounamkah | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ete- namkah |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ naïnamkah | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ naknamkah | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ narenamkah | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nafnamkah | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nasnamkah | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nannamkah | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ netetnamkah | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ naunamkah | ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ na- namkah |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ainamkah | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ aknamkah, eknamkah | ⲁⲣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ aramkah | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ afnamkah | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ asnamkah | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ annamkah | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ aretennamkah | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ aunamkah | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ a- namkah, are- namkah |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ aïmkah | ⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ akmkah | ⲁⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ armkah | ⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ afmkah | ⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ asmkah | ⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ anmkah | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ atetn̄mkah | ⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ aumkah | ⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ a- mkah |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pimkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pk̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pemkah, m̄pr̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pf̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄ps̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pn̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄petn̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄poumkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pe- mkah |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ eaïmkah | ⲉⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ eakmkah | ⲉⲁⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ earmkah | ⲉⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ eafmkah | ⲉⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ easmkah | ⲉⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ eanmkah | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ eatetn̄mkah | ⲉⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ eaumkah | ⲉⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ea- mkah |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pimkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pk̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pemkah, em̄pr̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pf̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄ps̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pn̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄petn̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄poumkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pe- mkah |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ etaïmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ etakmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ etarmkah | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etafmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etasmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etanmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etatetn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etaumkah | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ eta- mkah |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pimkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pk̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pemkah, etem̄pr̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pf̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄ps̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄petn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄poumkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pe- mkah |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ neaïmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ neakmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ nearmkah | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ neafmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ neasmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ neanmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ neatetn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ neaumkah | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nea- mkah |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pimkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pk̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pemkah, nem̄pr̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pf̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄ps̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄petn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄poumkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pe- mkah |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ naïmkah | ⲛⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ nakmkah | ⲛⲁⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ narmkah | ⲛⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ nafmkah | ⲛⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ nasmkah | ⲛⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nanmkah | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ natetn̄mkah | ⲛⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ naumkah | ⲛⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ na- mkah |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patimkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patk̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patemkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patf̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pats̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patn̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patetn̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patoumkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pate- mkah |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patimkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patk̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patemkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patf̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pats̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patn̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patetn̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patoumkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pate- mkah |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patimkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patk̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patemkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patf̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pats̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patetn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patoumkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pate- mkah |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patimkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patk̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patemkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patf̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pats̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patetn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patoumkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pate- mkah |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ xareïmkah | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ xarekmkah | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ xaremkah | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ xarefmkah | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ xaresmkah | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ xarenmkah | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ xaretetn̄mkah | ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ xaroumkah | ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ xare- mkah |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ maïmkah | ⲙⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ makmkah | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ maremkah | ⲙⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ mafmkah | ⲙⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ masmkah | ⲙⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ manmkah | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ matetn̄mkah | ⲙⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ maumkah | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲙⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ mare- mkah, ma- mkah |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ exareïmkah | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ exarekmkah | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ exaremkah | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ exarefmkah | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ exaresmkah | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ exarenmkah | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ exaretetn̄mkah | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ exaroumkah | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ exare- mkah |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ emaïmkah | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ emakmkah | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ emaremkah | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ emafmkah | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ emasmkah | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ emanmkah | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ ematetn̄mkah | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ emaumkah | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ emare- mkah, ema- mkah |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ etexareïmkah, etxareïmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ etexarekmkah, etxarekmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etexaremkah, etxaremkah | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etexarefmkah, etxarefmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etexaresmkah, etxaresmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etexarenmkah, etxarenmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etexaretetn̄mkah, etxaretetn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etexaroumkah, etxaroumkah | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etexare- mkah, etxare- mkah |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ etemaïmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ etemakmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etemaremkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etemafmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etemasmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etemanmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etematetn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etemaumkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etemare- mkah, etema- mkah |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ nexareïmkah | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ nexarekmkah | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ nexaremkah | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ nexarefmkah | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ nexaresmkah | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nexarenmkah | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nexaretetn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ nexaroumkah | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nexare- mkah |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ nemaïmkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ nemakmkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ nemaremkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ nemafmkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ nemasmkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nemanmkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nematetn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ nemaumkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nemare- mkah, nema- mkah |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ amaïmkah | ⲁⲙⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ amakmkah | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ amaremkah | ⲁⲙⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ amafmkah | ⲁⲙⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ amasmkah | ⲁⲙⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ amanmkah | ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ amatetn̄mkah | ⲁⲙⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ amaumkah | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲙⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ amare- mkah, ma- mkah |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ aïamkah | ⲁⲕⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ akamkah | ⲁⲣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ aramkah | ⲁϥⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ afamkah | ⲁⲥⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ asamkah | ⲁⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ anamkah | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ atetnamkah | ⲁⲩⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ auamkah | ⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ a- mkah |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ namkah, enamkah | ⲛⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ nekmkah, enekmkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲛⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ nemkah, enemkah | ⲛⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ nefmkah, enefmkah | ⲛⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ nesmkah, enesmkah | ⲛⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nenmkah, enenmkah | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ netn̄mkah, enetn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ neumkah, eneumkah | ⲛⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ne- mkah |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ marimkah | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ marefmkah | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ maresmkah | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ marn̄mkah | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ maroumkah | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ mare- mkah |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ mn̄tamkah | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ mn̄tf̄mkah | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ mn̄ts̄mkah | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ mn̄tn̄mkah | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ mn̄toumkah | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ mn̄te- mkah |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ tamkah | ⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ kmkah | ⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ temkah | ϥⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⲙⲕⲁϩ fmkah, n̄tfmkah | ⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ smkah | ⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ tn̄mkah | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ tetn̄mkah | ⲥⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲥⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ semkah, soumkah | ⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ te- mkah |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ tarimkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ tarekmkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ taremkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ tarefmkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ taresmkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ tarn̄mkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ taretetn̄mkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ taroumkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ tare- mkah |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tarimkah, tarimkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tarekmkah, tarekmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄taremkah, taremkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tarefmkah, tarefmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄taresmkah, taresmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tarn̄mkah, tarn̄mkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄taretn̄mkah, taretn̄mkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄taroumkah, taroumkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tare- mkah, tare- mkah |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ šatimkah | ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ šatk̄mkah | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ šatemkah | ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ šatf̄mkah | ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ šats̄mkah | ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ šatn̄mkah | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ šatetn̄mkah | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ šatoumkah | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ šate- mkah |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ aïšamkah, eïšamkah | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ akšamkah, ekšamkah | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ arešamkah, erešamkah | ⲁϥϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉϥϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ afšamkah, efšamkah | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ asšamkah, esšamkah | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ anšamkah, enšamkah | ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ ašatetn̄mkah, ešatetn̄mkah | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ aušamkah, eušamkah | ⲁϣⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ aša- mkah, eša- mkah |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ aïmkah | ⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ akmkah | ⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ aremkah | ⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ afmkah | ⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ asmkah | ⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ anmkah | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ atetn̄mkah | ⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ aumkah | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ are- mkah |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲙⲕⲁϩ mkah | imperative | affirmative | ⲙⲕⲁϩ mkah |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲙⲕⲁϩ štemmkah | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀permkah |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲙⲕⲁϩ timkah | ⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ khmkah | ⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ temkah | ϥⲙⲕⲁϩ fmkah | ⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ smkah | ⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ tenmkah | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ tetenmkah | ⲥⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ semkah | ⲙⲕⲁϩ mkah |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ eimkah | ⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ ekhmkah | ⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ eremkah | ⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ efmkah | ⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ esmkah | ⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ enmkah | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ eretenmkah | ⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ eumkah | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ere- mkah |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲙⲕⲁϩ etimkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ etekhmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etemkah | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etefmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etesmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etenmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etetenmkah | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etoumkah | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ete- mkah |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ naimkah | ⲛⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ nakhmkah | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ naremkah | ⲛⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ nafmkah | ⲛⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ nasmkah | ⲛⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nanmkah | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ naretenmkah | ⲛⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ naumkah | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nare- mkah |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ aimkah | ⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ akhmkah | ⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ aremkah | ⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ afmkah | ⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ asmkah | ⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ anmkah | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ aretenmkah | ⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ aumkah | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ are- mkah |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ tinamkah | ⲭⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ khnamkah | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ teramkah | ϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ fnamkah | ⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ snamkah | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ tennamkah | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ tetennamkah | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ senamkah | ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ namkah |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ einamkah | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ekhnamkah | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ erenamkah | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ efnamkah | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ esnamkah | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ennamkah | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ eretennamkah | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ eunamkah | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ere- namkah |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etinamkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etekhnamkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etenamkah | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etefnamkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etesnamkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etennamkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etetennamkah | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etounamkah | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ete- namkah |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nainamkah | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nakhnamkah | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ narenamkah | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nafnamkah | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nasnamkah | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nannamkah | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ naretennamkah | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ naunamkah | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nare- namkah |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ainamkah | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ akhnamkah | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ arenamkah | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ afnamkah | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ asnamkah | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ annamkah | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ aretennamkah | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ aunamkah | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ are- namkah |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ aimkah | ⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ akhmkah | ⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ aremkah | ⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ afmkah | ⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ asmkah | ⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ anmkah | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ atetenmkah | ⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ aumkah | ⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ a- mkah |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀pimkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀pekhmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀pemkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀pefmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀pesmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀penmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀petenmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀poumkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀pe- mkah |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ eaimkah | ⲉⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ eakhmkah | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ earemkah | ⲉⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ eafmkah | ⲉⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ easmkah | ⲉⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ eanmkah | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ eatetenmkah | ⲉⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ eaumkah | ⲉⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ea- mkah |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pimkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pekhmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pemkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pefmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pesmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀penmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀petenmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀poumkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pe- mkah |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ etaimkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ etakhmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etaremkah | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etafmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etasmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etanmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etaretenmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etaumkah | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ eta- mkah |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀pimkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀pekhmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀pemkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀pefmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀pesmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀penmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀petenmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀poumkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀pe- mkah |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ neaimkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ neakhmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ nearemkah | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ neafmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ neasmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ neanmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ neatetenmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ neaumkah | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nea- mkah |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̀pimkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̀pekhmkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̀pemkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̀pefmkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̀pesmkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̀penmkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̀petenmkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̀poumkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̀pe- mkah |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ etaimkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ etakhmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etaremkah | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etafmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etasmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etanmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etaretenmkah | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etaumkah | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ eta- mkah |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀patimkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀patekhmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀patemkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀patefmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀patesmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀patenmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀patetenmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀patoumkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀pate- mkah |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀patimkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀patekhmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀patemkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀patefmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀patesmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀patenmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀patetenmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀patoumkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pate- mkah |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀patimkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀patekhmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀patemkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀patefmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀patesmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀patenmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀patetenmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀patoumkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀pate- mkah |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀patimkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀patekhmkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀patemkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀patefmkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀patesmkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀patenmkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀patetenmkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀patoumkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀pate- mkah |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ šaimkah | ϣⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ šakhmkah | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ šaremkah | ϣⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ šafmkah | ϣⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ šasmkah | ϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ šanmkah | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ šatetenmkah | ϣⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ šaumkah | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ šare- mkah |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀paimkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀pakhmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀paremkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀pafmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀pasmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀panmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀paretenmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀paumkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀pare- mkah |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ ešaimkah | ⲉϣⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ ešakhmkah | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ ešaremkah | ⲉϣⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ ešafmkah | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ ešasmkah | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ ešanmkah | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ ešatetenmkah | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ ešaumkah | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ešare- mkah |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀paimkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pakhmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀paremkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pafmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pasmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀panmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀paretenmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀paumkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pare- mkah |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ etšaimkah | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ etšakhmkah | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etšaremkah | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etšafmkah | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etšasmkah | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etšanmkah | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etšatetenmkah | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etšaumkah | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etšare- mkah |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀paimkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀pakhmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀paremkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀pafmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀pasmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀panmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀paretenmkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀paumkah | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etm̀pare- mkah |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ našaimkah | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ našakhmkah | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ našaremkah | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ našafmkah | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ našasmkah | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ našanmkah | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ našatetenmkah | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ našaumkah | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ našare- mkah |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀paimkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀pakhmkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀paremkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀pafmkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀pasmkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀panmkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀paretenmkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀paumkah | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nam̀pare- mkah |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀paimkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pakhmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀paremkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pafmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pasmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀panmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀paretenmkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀paumkah | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̀pare- mkah |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ eiemkah | ⲉⲕⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ ekemkah | ⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ eremkah | ⲉϥⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ efemkah | ⲉⲥⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ esemkah | ⲉⲛⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ enemkah | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ eretenemkah | ⲉⲩⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ euemkah | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ere- mkah |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹnamkah | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹnekhmkah | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹnemkah | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹnefmkah | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹnesmkah | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹnenmkah | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹnetenmkah | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹnoumkah | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹne- mkah |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ marimkah | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ marefmkah | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ maresmkah | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ marenmkah | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ maroumkah | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ mare- mkah |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀penthrimkah | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀penthrefmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀penthresmkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀penthrenmkah | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀penthreumkah | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̀penthre- mkah |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹtamkah | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹtekhmkah | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹtemkah | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹtefmkah | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹtesmkah | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹtenmkah | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹtetenmkah | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹsemkah, ǹtoumkah | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ǹte- mkah |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ tarimkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ tarekhmkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ taremkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ tarefmkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ taresmkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ tarenmkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ taretenmkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ taroumkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ tare- mkah |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ šatimkah | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ šatekhmkah | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ šatemkah | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ šatefmkah | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ šatesmkah | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ šatenmkah | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ šatetenmkah | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ šatoumkah | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ šate- mkah |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ aišanmkah | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ akšanmkah | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ arešanmkah | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ afšanmkah | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ asšanmkah | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ anšanmkah | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ aretenšanmkah | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ aušanmkah | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ arešan- mkah |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ aimkah | ⲁⲭⲙⲕⲁϩ akhmkah | ⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ aremkah | ⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ afmkah | ⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ asmkah | ⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ anmkah | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ aretenmkah | ⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ aumkah | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ are- mkah |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲙⲕⲁϩ mkah | imperative | affirmative | ⲙⲕⲁϩ mkah |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ tm̄mkah | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pr̄mkah |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲙⲕⲁϩ timkah | ⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ kmkah | ⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ temkah | ϥⲙⲕⲁϩ fmkah | ⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ smkah | ⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ tn̄mkah | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ tetn̄mkah | ⲥⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ semkah | ⲙⲕⲁϩ mkah |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ eïmkah | ⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ ekmkah | ⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ eremkah | ⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ efmkah | ⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ esmkah | ⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ enmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etetn̄mkah | ⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ eumkah | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ere- mkah |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲙⲕⲁϩ etimkah | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etk̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etemkah, eteremkah | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etf̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ ets̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etetn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etoumkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etere- mkah |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ neïmkah | ⲛⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ nekmkah | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ neremkah | ⲛⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ nefmkah | ⲛⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ nesmkah | ⲛⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nenmkah | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ netetn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ neumkah | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nere- mkah |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ tinamkah | ⲕⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ knamkah | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ tenamkah | ϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ fnamkah | ⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ snamkah | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ tn̄namkah | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ tetnamkah | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ senamkah | ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ namkah |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ eïnamkah | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ eknamkah | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ erenamkah | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ efnamkah | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ esnamkah | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ennamkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etetnamkah | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ eunamkah | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ere- namkah |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etinamkah | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etk̄namkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etenamkah, eterenamkah | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etf̄namkah | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ ets̄namkah | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etn̄namkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etetnamkah | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etounamkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ etere- namkah |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ neïnamkah | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ neknamkah | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nerenamkah | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nefnamkah | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nesnamkah | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nennamkah | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ netetnamkah | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ neunamkah | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ nere- namkah |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ aïmkah | ⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ akmkah | ⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲁⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ amkah, armkah, aremkah | ⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ afmkah | ⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ asmkah | ⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ anmkah | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ atetn̄mkah | ⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ aumkah | ⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ a- mkah |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pimkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pk̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pemkah, m̄pr̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pf̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄ps̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pn̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄petn̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄poumkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pe- mkah |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ eaïmkah | ⲉⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ eakmkah | ⲉⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲁⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ eamkah, earmkah, earemkah | ⲉⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ eafmkah | ⲉⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ easmkah | ⲉⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ eanmkah | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ eatetn̄mkah | ⲉⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ eaumkah | ⲉⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ea- mkah |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pimkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pk̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pemkah, em̄pr̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pf̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄ps̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pn̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄petn̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄poumkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pe- mkah |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ entaïmkah, n̄taïmkah | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ entakmkah, n̄takmkah | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ entamkah, n̄tamkah, entarmkah, n̄tarmkah, entaremkah, n̄taremkah | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ entafmkah, n̄tafmkah | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ entasmkah, n̄tasmkah | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ entanmkah, n̄tanmkah | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ entatetn̄mkah, n̄tatetn̄mkah | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ entaumkah, n̄taumkah | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ enta- mkah, n̄ta- mkah |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pimkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pk̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pemkah, etem̄pr̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pf̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄ps̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄petn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄poumkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pe- mkah |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ neaïmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ neakmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ neamkah, nearmkah, nearemkah | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ neafmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ neasmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ neanmkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ neatetn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ neaumkah | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nea- mkah |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pimkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pk̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pemkah, nem̄pr̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pf̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄ps̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄petn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄poumkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pe- mkah |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄taïmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄takmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tamkah, n̄tarmkah, n̄taremkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tafmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tasmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tanmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tatetn̄mkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄taumkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄ta- mkah |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patimkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patk̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patemkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patf̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pats̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patn̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patetn̄mkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄patoumkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pate- mkah |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patimkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patk̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patemkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patf̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pats̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patn̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patetn̄mkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄patoumkah | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ em̄pate- mkah |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patimkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patk̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patemkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patf̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pats̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patetn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄patoumkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etem̄pate- mkah |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patimkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patk̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patemkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patf̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pats̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patetn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄patoumkah | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nem̄pate- mkah |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ šaïmkah | ϣⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ šakmkah | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ šaremkah | ϣⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ šafmkah | ϣⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ šasmkah | ϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ šanmkah | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ šatetn̄mkah | ϣⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ šaumkah | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ šare- mkah |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ meïmkah | ⲙⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ mekmkah | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ meremkah | ⲙⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ mefmkah | ⲙⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ mesmkah | ⲙⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ menmkah | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ metetn̄mkah | ⲙⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ meumkah | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ mere- mkah |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ ešaïmkah | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ ešakmkah | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ ešaremkah | ⲉϣⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ ešafmkah | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ ešasmkah | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ ešanmkah | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ ešatetn̄mkah | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ ešaumkah | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ešare- mkah |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ emeïmkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ emekmkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ emeremkah | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ emefmkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ emesmkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ emenmkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ emetetn̄mkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ emeumkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ emere- mkah |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ etešaïmkah, ešaïmkah | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ etešakmkah, ešakmkah | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etešaremkah, ešaremkah | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etešafmkah, ešafmkah | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etešasmkah, ešasmkah | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etešanmkah, ešanmkah | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etešatetn̄mkah, ešatetn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etešaumkah, ešaumkah | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etešare- mkah, ešare- mkah |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ etemeïmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ etemekmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etemeremkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ etemefmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ etemesmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etemenmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etemetetn̄mkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ etemeumkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ etemere- mkah |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ nešaïmkah | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ nešakmkah | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ nešaremkah | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲙⲕⲁϩ nešafmkah | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ nešasmkah | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nešanmkah | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nešatetn̄mkah | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ nešaumkah | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nešare- mkah |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ nemeïmkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ nemekmkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ nemeremkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ nemefmkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ nemesmkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ nemenmkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ nemetetn̄mkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ nemeumkah | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ nemere- mkah |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ emeïmkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ emekmkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ emeremkah | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ emefmkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ emesmkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ emenmkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ emetetn̄mkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ emeumkah | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ emere- mkah |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ eïemkah | ⲉⲕⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ ekemkah | ⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ eremkah | ⲉϥⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ efemkah | ⲉⲥⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ esemkah | ⲉⲛⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ enemkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ etetnemkah | ⲉⲩⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ euemkah | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ere- mkah |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄namkah | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄nekmkah | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄nemkah | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄nefmkah | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄nesmkah | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄nenmkah | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄netn̄mkah | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄neumkah | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄ne- mkah |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ marimkah | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ marefmkah | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ maresmkah | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ marn̄mkah | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ maroumkah | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ mare- mkah |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pr̄tramkah | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pr̄trefmkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pr̄tresmkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pr̄trenmkah | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pr̄treumkah | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ m̄pr̄tre- mkah |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲧⲁⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tamkah, tamkah | ⲛ̄ⲅⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄gmkah, n̄kmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄temkah | ⲛ̄ϥⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄fmkah | ⲛ̄ⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄smkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tn̄mkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tetn̄mkah | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄semkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄te- mkah |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ tarimkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ tarekmkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ taremkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ tarefmkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ taresmkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ tarn̄mkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ taretn̄mkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ taroumkah | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ tare- mkah |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄terimkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄terekmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄teremkah, n̄terermkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄terefmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄teresmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tern̄mkah, n̄terenmkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄teretn̄mkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄teroumkah | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ n̄tere- mkah |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲙⲕⲁϩ šantimkah | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ šantk̄mkah | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ šantemkah | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ šantf̄mkah | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ šants̄mkah | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ šantn̄mkah | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ šantetn̄mkah | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ šantoumkah | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ šante- mkah |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ eïšanmkah | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ ekšanmkah | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ eršanmkah, erešanmkah | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ efšanmkah | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ esšanmkah | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ enšanmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ etetn̄šanmkah | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ eušanmkah | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ eršan- mkah |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲙⲕⲁϩ eïmkah | ⲉⲕⲙⲕⲁϩ ekmkah | ⲉⲣⲉⲙⲕⲁϩ eremkah | ⲉϥⲙⲕⲁϩ efmkah | ⲉⲥⲙⲕⲁϩ esmkah | ⲉⲛⲙⲕⲁϩ enmkah | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲙⲕⲁϩ etetn̄mkah | ⲉⲩⲙⲕⲁϩ eumkah | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲙⲕⲁϩ ere- mkah |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

#### Derived terms

* ϣⲉⲡⲙⲕⲁϩ (šepmkah)