# 邂逅
## Chinese
### Etymology

Possibly an expression reduplication in Old Chinese (Baxter and Sagart, 1998). The original meaning may be “meet; interact” or “carefree”.
Schuessler considers this a derivative of 解 (OC *kreːʔ, *kreːs, *ɡreːʔ, *ɡreːs, “to loosen”) and 懈 (OC *kreːs, “lazy, remiss”), citing the sense of “carefree and happy” in Shijing. Numerous variant forms are found throughout history.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xièhòu, xiègòu
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄡˋ, ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haai$^5$ hau$^6$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hâi-hâiu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hāi-hō͘
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hai$^6$ hou$^6$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$gha-gheu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xièhòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄏㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sièhòu
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^4$-hou$^4$
*** Yale: syè-hòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiehhow
*** Palladius: сехоу (sexou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ xoʊ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiègòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄝˋ ㄍㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siègòu
*** Wade–Giles: hsieh$^4$-kou$^4$
*** Yale: syè-gòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiehgow
*** Palladius: сегоу (segou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ koʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haai$^5$ hau$^6$
*** Yale: háaih hauh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haai$^5$ hau$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hai$^5$ heo$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːi̯¹³ hɐu̯²²/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hâi-hâiu
*** Sinological IPA : /hai²⁴²⁻⁵³ $^{(h-)}$ɑu²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hāi-hō͘
*** Tâi-lô: hāi-hōo
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haixho
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hai³³⁻²¹ hɔ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hai³³⁻¹¹ hɔ³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hai$^6$ hou$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hăi hŏu
*** Sinological IPA : /hai³⁵⁻¹¹ hou³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$gha-gheu
*** MiniDict: gha$^去$ gheu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hha-hheu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦa²² ɦɤ⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: heaH huwH
Rime :
| Character | 邂 | 逅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 佳 (31) | 侯 (137) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | I |
| Fanqie | 胡懈切 | 胡遘切 |
| Baxter | heaH | huwH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠɛ$^H$/ | /ɦəu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚæ$^H$/ | /ɦəu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣæi$^H$/ | /ɣəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨj$^H$/ | /ɦəw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣɛ$^H$/ | /ɣu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣai$^H$/ | /ɣəu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣai$^H$/ | /ɣə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xià | hòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haai$^6$ | hau$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ]ˤre-s [ɡ]ˤro-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡreːs ɡoːs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 邂 | 逅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiè | hòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hɛ$^H$ › | ‹ huw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɡ]ˁre-s/ | /*[ɡ]ˁro-s/ |
| English | 邂逅 xièhòu carefree ((Odes 94.1– 2, 118.2) | 邂逅 xièhòu carefree (Odes 94.1– 2, 118.2) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 邂 | 逅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6487 | 5171 |
| Phonetic component | 解 | 后 |
| Rime group | 支 | 侯 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 邂 | 𠋫 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡreːs/ | /*ɡoːs/ |

### Verb

邂逅
* to run into somebody by chance (usually pleasantly); to encounter coincidentally
       Děng chē de tā xièhòu le yī míng nǚhái. [Pinyin]
       He encountered a girl while waiting for a bus.
       rú yī chǎng měilì de xièhòu [Pinyin]
       as if a beautiful chance encounter
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Xièhòu xiāngyù, shì wǒ yuàn xī. [Pinyin]
    We met together accidentally, and so my desire was satisfied.

#### Derived terms

* 邂逅之緣／邂逅之缘
* 邂逅相逢
* 邂逅相遇

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 邂逅(かいこう) (kaikō)
* → Korean: 해후(邂逅) (haehu)

### Adjective

邂逅
* (literary) joyous and carefree
* (literary) accidental; coincidental; adventitious

#### Derived terms

* 邂逅不偶

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 邂 | 逅 |
| かい Hyōgai | こう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かいこー [kàíkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠iko̞ː]

### Noun

邂(かい)逅(こう) • (kaikō)
* chance encounter

### Verb

邂(かい)逅(こう)する • (kaikō suru) intransitive suru (stem 邂(かい)逅(こう)し (kaikō shi), past 邂(かい)逅(こう)した (kaikō shita))
* meet by chance
** 1905–06, Natsume Sōseki, I Am a Cat (text here):
    その後(ご)吾(わが)輩(はい)は度々黒(たびたびくろ)と邂逅(かいこう)する。
       Sono go wagahai wa tabitabi kuro to kaikō suru.
       After that, I bumped into the black cat from time to time.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 邂逅し | かいこうし | kaikō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 邂逅し | かいこうし | kaikō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 邂逅する | かいこうする | kaikō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 邂逅する | かいこうする | kaikō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 邂逅すれ | かいこうすれ | kaikō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 邂逅せよ¹ 邂逅しろ² | かいこうせよ¹ かいこうしろ² | kaikō seyo¹ kaikō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 邂逅される | かいこうされる | kaikō sareru |
| Causative | 邂逅させる 邂逅さす | かいこうさせる かいこうさす | kaikō saseru kaikō sasu |
| Potential | 邂逅できる | かいこうできる | kaikō dekiru |
| Volitional | 邂逅しよう | かいこうしよう | kaikō shiyō |
| Negative | 邂逅しない | かいこうしない | kaikō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 邂逅せず | かいこうせず | kaikō sezu |
| Formal | 邂逅します | かいこうします | kaikō shimasu |
| Perfective | 邂逅した | かいこうした | kaikō shita |
| Conjunctive | 邂逅して | かいこうして | kaikō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 邂逅すれば | かいこうすれば | kaikō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN