# 屈辱
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qūrǔ, qūrù
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄩ ㄖㄨˇ, ㄑㄩ ㄖㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wat$^1$ juk$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khut-lio̍k / khut-jio̍k
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kug$^4$ rog$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qūrǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ ㄖㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyurǔ
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^1$-ju$^3$
*** Yale: chyū-rǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuruu
*** Palladius: цюйжу (cjujžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʐu²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qūrù
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄩ ㄖㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cyurù
*** Wade–Giles: chʻü$^1$-ju$^4$
*** Yale: chyū-rù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chiuruh
*** Palladius: цюйжу (cjujžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰy⁵⁵ ʐu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wat$^1$ juk$^6$
*** Yale: wāt yuhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wat$^7$ juk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wed$^1$ yug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /wɐt̚⁵ jʊk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khut-lio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: khut-lio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qutliok
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰut̚⁵⁻²⁴ liɔk̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ liɔk̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khut-jio̍k
*** Tâi-lô: khut-jio̍k
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qutjiok
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰut̚³²⁻⁵ d͡ziɔk̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰut̚³²⁻⁴ ziɔk̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kug$^4$ rog$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khuk jo̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰuk̚²⁻⁴ d͡zok̚⁴/

### Verb

屈辱
* to humiliate; to demean

### Noun

屈辱
* humiliation; mortification

#### Synonyms

* 恥辱／耻辱 (chǐrǔ)
* 羞恥／羞耻 (xiūchǐ)
* 羞辱 (xiūrǔ)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 屈 | 辱 |
| くつ Grade: S | じょく Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くつじょく [kùtsújókú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kɯ̟t͡sɨʑo̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

屈(くつ)辱(じょく) • (kutsujoku)
* humiliation, mortification
    人(ひと)に屈辱(くつじょく)を与(あた)える
       hito ni kutsujoku o ataeru
       to humiliate a person

### Verb

屈(くつ)辱(じょく)する • (kutsujoku suru) transitive suru (stem 屈(くつ)辱(じょく)し (kutsujoku shi), past 屈(くつ)辱(じょく)した (kutsujoku shita))
* humiliate, mortify, demean

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 屈辱し | くつじょくし | kutsujoku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 屈辱し | くつじょくし | kutsujoku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 屈辱する | くつじょくする | kutsujoku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 屈辱する | くつじょくする | kutsujoku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 屈辱すれ | くつじょくすれ | kutsujoku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 屈辱せよ¹ 屈辱しろ² | くつじょくせよ¹ くつじょくしろ² | kutsujoku seyo¹ kutsujoku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 屈辱される | くつじょくされる | kutsujoku sareru |
| Causative | 屈辱させる 屈辱さす | くつじょくさせる くつじょくさす | kutsujoku saseru kutsujoku sasu |
| Potential | 屈辱できる | くつじょくできる | kutsujoku dekiru |
| Volitional | 屈辱しよう | くつじょくしよう | kutsujoku shiyō |
| Negative | 屈辱しない | くつじょくしない | kutsujoku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 屈辱せず | くつじょくせず | kutsujoku sezu |
| Formal | 屈辱します | くつじょくします | kutsujoku shimasu |
| Perfective | 屈辱した | くつじょくした | kutsujoku shita |
| Conjunctive | 屈辱して | くつじょくして | kutsujoku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 屈辱すれば | くつじょくすれば | kutsujoku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Derived terms

* 屈辱的(くつじょくてき) (kutsujokuteki)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 屈 | 辱 |

### Noun

屈辱 • (guryok) (hangeul 굴욕)
* hanja form of 굴욕 (“humiliation”)