# 人形
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): rénxíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄖㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^4$ jing$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngìn-hìn
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lâng-hêng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rénxíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rénsíng
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$-hsing$^2$
*** Yale: rén-syíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renshyng
*** Palladius: жэньсин (žɛnʹsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$人形 人行
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: rénxíngr
*** Zhuyin: ㄖㄣˊ ㄒㄧㄥˊㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: rénsíngr
*** Wade–Giles: jên$^2$-hsing$^2$-ʼrh
*** Yale: rén-syíngr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: renshyengl
*** Palladius: жэньсинр (žɛnʹsinr)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʐən³⁵ ɕiɤ̯̃ɻ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^4$ jing$^4$
*** Yale: yàhn yìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^4$ jing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^4$ ying$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn²¹ jɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngìn-hìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngin$^ˇ$ hin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngin$^2$ hin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋin¹¹ hin¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lâng-hêng
*** Tâi-lô: lâng-hîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: langheeng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /laŋ²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /laŋ²⁴⁻²² hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /laŋ¹³⁻²² hiɪŋ¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /laŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hiɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /laŋ²³⁻³³ hiɪŋ²³/

### Noun

人形
* human shape or appearance
* doll; puppet

#### Derived terms

* 人形家
* 沒人形／没人形

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 人 | 形 |
| にん Grade: 1 | ぎょう Grade: 2 |
| goon ||
From Middle Chinese compound 人形 (nyin heng, literally “person shape”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) にんぎょー [nìńgyóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɲ̟ĩŋʲɡʲo̞ː]

#### Noun

人(にん)形(ぎょう) • (ningyō)
* doll; puppet
** 2015 August 16, mothy [mothy] (lyrics and music), “バリーゾールの子供は一人っ子 [Barisol's Child is an Only Child]”:
    室(しつ)内(ない)に転(ころ)がった人(にん)形(ぎょう) 手(て)足(あし)はバラバラで温(あたた)かい
       Shitsunai ni korogatta ningyō teashi wa barabara de atatakai
       The dolls scattered inside the room, their limbs were warm and in pieces
* a picture of someone's appearance
* (figurative) a puppet, one who carries out actions for someone else
* (less common) a tailor's dummy, a mannequin

##### Usage notes

For the general sense of doll, the ningyō reading appears to be more common.

##### Coordinate terms

* 形代(かたしろ) (katashiro): a paper doll

##### Derived terms

* 人(にん)形(ぎょう)家(か) (ningyōka): a dollmaker
* 雛(ひな)人(にん)形(ぎょう) (hinaningyō): a doll displayed at Hinamatsuri
* 五(ご)月(がつ)人(にん)形(ぎょう) (gogatsuningyō): a doll displayed at the Japanese Children's Day
* 日(に)本(ほん)人(にん)形(ぎょう) (nihonningyō): a traditional Japanese doll
* からくり人(にん)形(ぎょう) (karakuriningyō): a traditional Japanese mechanized puppet
* 藁(わら)人(にん)形(ぎょう) (waraningyō): a straw doll
* 操(あやつ)り人(にん)形(ぎょう) (ayatsuriningyō): a marionette
* くるみ割(わ)り人(にん)形(ぎょう) (kurumiwariningyō): a nutcracker doll

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 人 | 形 |
| ひと Grade: 1 | かた > がた Grade: 2 |
| kun'yomi ||
Compound of 人 (hito, “person”) +‎ 形 (kata, “shape, form”). The kata changes to gata as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Alternative forms

* 人像 (less common)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ひとがた [hìtógátá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [çito̞ɡa̠ta̠]

#### Noun

人(ひと)形(がた) • (hitogata)
* a human shape
* a doll
* a tailor's dummy, a mannequin
* a proxy, a representative
* a person's appearance
* a description or sketch of a person, as in a wanted poster created by the police

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 人 | 形 |

### Noun

人形 • (inhyeong) (hangeul 인형)
* hanja form of 인형 (“doll, puppet”)