# ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲭⲱⲗⲉⲙ (khōlem) — Bohairic
* ⲕⲗⲁⲙ (klam), ϭⲗⲁⲙ (clam) — Lycopolitan, Sahidic

### Verb

ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ • (kōlem)
* (Fayyumic, intransitive) to hasten

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ kōlem | imperative | affirmative | ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ kōlem |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ štemkōlem | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲡⲉⲗⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpelkōlem, pelkōlem |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ tikōlem | ⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ kkōlem | ⲧⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ tekōlem | ϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ fkōlem | ⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ skōlem | ⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ tenkōlem | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ tetenkōlem | ⲥⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ sekōlem | ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ kōlem |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eikōlem | ⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ekkōlem | ⲉⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ elekōlem | ⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ efkōlem | ⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eskōlem | ⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ enkōlem | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eletenkōlem | ⲉⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eukōlem | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ele- kōlem |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etikōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etekkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etekōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etefkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eteskōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etenkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etetenkōlem | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etoukōlem | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ete- kōlem, etele- kōlem |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ naikōlem | ⲛⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nakkōlem | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nalekōlem | ⲛⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nafkōlem | ⲛⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ naskōlem | ⲛⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nankōlem | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ naletenkōlem | ⲛⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ naukōlem | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nale- kōlem |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aikōlem | ⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ akkōlem | ⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ alekōlem | ⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ afkōlem | ⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ askōlem | ⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ankōlem | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aletenkōlem | ⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aukōlem | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ale- kōlem |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ tinekōlem | ⲕⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ knekōlem | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ tenekōlem | ϥⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ fnekōlem | ⲥⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ snekōlem | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ tennekōlem | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ tetennekōlem | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ senekōlem | ⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nekōlem |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ einekōlem | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eknekōlem | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ elenekōlem | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ efnekōlem | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ esnekōlem | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ennekōlem | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eletennekōlem | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eunekōlem | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ele- nekōlem |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etinekōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eteknekōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etenekōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etefnekōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etesnekōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etennekōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etetennekōlem | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etounekōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etele- nekōlem |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nainekōlem | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ naknekōlem | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nalenekōlem | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nafnekōlem | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nasnekōlem | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nannekōlem | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ naletennekōlem | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ naunekōlem | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nale- nekōlem |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ainekōlem | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aknekōlem | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ alenekōlem | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ afnekōlem | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ asnekōlem | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ annekōlem | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aletennekōlem | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aunekōlem | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ale- nekōlem |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aikōlem | ⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ akkōlem | ⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ alekōlem | ⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ afkōlem | ⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ askōlem | ⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ankōlem | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ atetenkōlem | ⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aukōlem | ⲁ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ a- kōlem |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpikōlem | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpekkōlem | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpekōlem | ⲙⲡⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpefkōlem | ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpeskōlem | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpenkōlem | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpetenkōlem | ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpoukōlem | ⲙⲡⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpe- kōlem |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eaikōlem | ⲉⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eakkōlem | ⲉⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ealekōlem | ⲉⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eafkōlem | ⲉⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ easkōlem | ⲉⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eankōlem | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eatetenkōlem | ⲉⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eaukōlem | ⲉⲁ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ea- kōlem |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empikōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empekkōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empekōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empefkōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empeskōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empenkōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empetenkōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empoukōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empe- kōlem |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntaikōlem | ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntakkōlem | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntalekōlem | ⲛⲧⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntafkōlem | ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntaskōlem | ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntankōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etaletenkōlem | ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntaukōlem | ⲛⲧⲁ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nta- kōlem |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempikōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempekkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempekōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempefkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempeskōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempenkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempetenkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempoukōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempe- kōlem |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nneaikōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nneakkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnealekōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nneafkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nneaskōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nneankōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nneatetenkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nneaukōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnea- kōlem |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempikōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempekkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempekōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempefkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempeskōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempenkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempetenkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempoukōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempe- kōlem |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aaikōlem | ⲁⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aakkōlem | ⲁⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aalekōlem | ⲁⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aafkōlem | ⲁⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aaskōlem | ⲁⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aankōlem | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etaletenkōlem | ⲁⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aaukōlem | ⲁⲁ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aa- kōlem |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpatikōlem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpatekkōlem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpatekōlem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpatefkōlem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpateskōlem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpatenkōlem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpatetenkōlem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpatoukōlem | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpate- kōlem |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empatikōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empatekkōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empatekōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empatefkōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empateskōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empatenkōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empatetenkōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empatoukōlem | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ empate- kōlem |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempatikōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempatekkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempatekōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempatefkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempateskōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempatenkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempatetenkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempatoukōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etempate- kōlem |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempatikōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempatekkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempatekōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempatefkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempateskōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempatenkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempatetenkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempatoukōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnempate- kōlem |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šaikōlem | ϣⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šakkōlem | ϣⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šalekōlem | ϣⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šafkōlem | ϣⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šaskōlem | ϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šankōlem | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šatetenkōlem | ϣⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šaukōlem | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šale- kōlem |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ meikōlem | ⲙⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mekkōlem | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ melekōlem | ⲙⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mefkōlem | ⲙⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ meskōlem | ⲙⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ menkōlem | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ meletenkōlem | ⲙⲉⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ meukōlem | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mele- kōlem |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešaikōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešakkōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešalekōlem | ⲉϣⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešafkōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešaskōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešankōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešatetenkōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešaukōlem | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ešale- kōlem |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ emeikōlem | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ emekkōlem | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ emelekōlem | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ emefkōlem | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ emeskōlem | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ emenkōlem | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ emeletenkōlem | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ emeukōlem | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ emele- kōlem |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etešaikōlem, nšaikōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etešakkōlem, nšakkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etešalekōlem, nšalekōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etešafkōlem, nšafkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etešaskōlem, nšaskōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etešankōlem, nšankōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etešatetenkōlem, nšatetenkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etešaukōlem, nšaukōlem | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etešale- kōlem, nšale- kōlem |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etemeikōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etemekkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etemelekōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etemefkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etemeskōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etemenkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etemeletenkōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etemeukōlem | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ etemele- kōlem |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnešaikōlem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnešakkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnešalekōlem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnešafkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnešaskōlem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnešankōlem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnešatetenkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnešaukōlem | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnešale- kōlem |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnemeikōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnemekkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnemelekōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnemefkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnemeskōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnemenkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnemeletenkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnemeukōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnemele- kōlem |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nmeikōlem | ⲛⲙⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nmekkōlem | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nmelekōlem | ⲛⲙⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nmefkōlem | ⲛⲙⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nmeskōlem | ⲛⲙⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nmenkōlem | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nmeletenkōlem | ⲛⲙⲉⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nmeukōlem | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nmele- kōlem |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eiekōlem | ⲉⲕⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ekekōlem | ⲉⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ elekōlem | ⲉϥⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ efekōlem | ⲉⲥⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ esekōlem | ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ enekōlem | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eletenekōlem | ⲉⲩⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ euekōlem | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ele- kōlem |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnakōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnekkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnekōlem | ⲛⲛⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnefkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nneskōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnenkōlem | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnetenkōlem | ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nnoukōlem | ⲛⲛⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nne- kōlem |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ malikōlem | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ malefkōlem | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ maleskōlem | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ malenkōlem | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ maloukōlem | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ male- kōlem |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpeltrikōlem | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpeltrefkōlem | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpeltreskōlem | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpeltrenkōlem | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpeltreukōlem | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ mpeltre- kōlem |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ takōlem, ntakōlem | ⲛⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nkkōlem | ⲛⲧⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntekōlem | ⲛϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nfkōlem | ⲛⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nskōlem | ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntenkōlem | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntetenkōlem | ⲛⲥⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nsekōlem | ⲛⲧⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nte- kōlem |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ talikōlem, ntalikōlem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ talekkōlem, ntalekkōlem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ talekōlem, ntalekōlem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ talefkōlem, ntalefkōlem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ taleskōlem, ntaleskōlem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ talenkōlem, ntalenkōlem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ taletenkōlem, ntaletenkōlem | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ taloukōlem, ntaloukōlem | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ tale- kōlem, ntale- kōlem |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntelikōlem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntelekkōlem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntelekōlem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntelefkōlem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nteleskōlem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntelenkōlem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nteletenkōlem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ nteloukōlem | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ntele- kōlem |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šantikōlem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šantekkōlem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šantekōlem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šantefkōlem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šanteskōlem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šantenkōlem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šantetenkōlem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šantoukōlem | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ šante- kōlem |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eišankōlem | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ekšankōlem | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ elešankōlem | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ efšankōlem | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ esšankōlem | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ enšankōlem | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eletenšankōlem | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ eušankōlem | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ elešan- kōlem, elšan- kōlem |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aikōlem | ⲁⲕⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ akkōlem | ⲁⲗⲉⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ alekōlem | ⲁϥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ afkōlem | ⲁⲥⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ askōlem | ⲁⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ankōlem | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aletenkōlem | ⲁⲩⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ aukōlem | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ ale- kōlem |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

#### Synonyms

* ϣⲧⲁⲗⲧⲉⲗ (štaltel), ϣⲧⲁⲣⲧⲉⲣ (štarter)
* ϭⲉⲡⲏ (cepē)
* ⲓⲱⲥ (iōs)

### References

* Marcion Coptic dictionary
* TLA lemma no. C1168 (ⲕⲱⲗⲉⲙ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),