# չաման
## Armenian
### Etymology

From Old Armenian չաման (čʻaman). In some dialects, reborrowed from Ottoman Turkish چمن (çemen). Doublet of քիմիոն (kʻimion).

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃʰɑˈmɑn/, [t͡ʃʰɑmɑ́n]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /t͡ʃɑˈmɑn/, [t͡ʃʰɑmɑ́n]

### Noun

չաման • (čʻaman)
* cumin, Cuminum cyminum (plant, seed and paste made from seeds)
    Synonyms: քիմիոն (kʻimion), հոռոմ չաման (hoṙom čʻaman)
* caraway, Carum gen. et spp. (plant, seed and paste made from seeds)
    Synonym: հայոց չաման (hayocʻ čʻaman)
* fenugreek, Trigonella foenum-graecum (plant, seed and paste made from seeds)
    Synonyms: հացհամեմ (hacʻhamem), թուրք չաման (tʻurkʻ čʻaman)

#### Usage notes

* Armenians prepare a paste from čʻaman seeds and garlic, and coat with it the outside of բաստուրմա (basturma).
* Three Carum species are found in the territory of the Republic of Armenia—Carum caucasicum, Carum carvi and Carum komarovii.

#### Declension

i-type, inanimate (Eastern Armenian) :
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | չաման (čʻaman) | չամաններ (čʻamanner) |
| dative | չամանի (čʻamani) | չամանների (čʻamanneri) |
| ablative | չամանից (čʻamanicʻ) | չամաններից (čʻamannericʻ) |
| instrumental | չամանով (čʻamanov) | չամաններով (čʻamannerov) |
| locative | չամանում (čʻamanum) | չամաններում (čʻamannerum) |
| | definite forms | definite forms |
| nominative | չամանը/չամանն (čʻamanə/čʻamann) | չամանները/չամաններն (čʻamannerə/čʻamannern) |
| dative | չամանին (čʻamanin) | չամաններին (čʻamannerin) |
| | 1st person possessive forms (my) | 1st person possessive forms (my) |
| nominative | չամանս (čʻamans) | չամաններս (čʻamanners) |
| dative | չամանիս (čʻamanis) | չամաններիս (čʻamanneris) |
| ablative | չամանիցս (čʻamanicʻs) | չամաններիցս (čʻamannericʻs) |
| instrumental | չամանովս (čʻamanovs) | չամաններովս (čʻamannerovs) |
| locative | չամանումս (čʻamanums) | չամաններումս (čʻamannerums) |
| | 2nd person possessive forms (your) | 2nd person possessive forms (your) |
| nominative | չամանդ (čʻamand) | չամաններդ (čʻamannerd) |
| dative | չամանիդ (čʻamanid) | չամաններիդ (čʻamannerid) |
| ablative | չամանիցդ (čʻamanicʻd) | չամաններիցդ (čʻamannericʻd) |
| instrumental | չամանովդ (čʻamanovd) | չամաններովդ (čʻamannerovd) |
| locative | չամանումդ (čʻamanumd) | չամաններումդ (čʻamannerumd) |

#### Alternative forms

* չամոն (čʻamon), չա̈մա̈ն (čʻämän), չեմեն (čʻemen) — dialectal

#### Descendants

* → Azerbaijani: çəmən
* → Karaim: чаман
* → Ottoman Turkish: چمن (çemen)
** → Turkish: çemen
* → Russian: чама́н (čamán)

### References

* ↑ Роллов, А. Х. (1908) “Carum carvi”, in Дикорастущие растения Кавказа, их распространение, свойства и применение (С обозначением туземных названий растений) [Wild plants of the Caucasus, their distribution, properties and uses (Containing the native names of the plants)]‎ (in Russian), Тифлис: тип. К.П. Козловского, page 556, misspelling as чамакъ (čamak)
* ↑ Malxaseancʻ, Stepʻan (1945) “չաման”, in Hayerēn bacʻatrakan baṙaran [Armenian Explanatory Dictionary] (in Armenian), volume IV, Yerevan: State Publishing House, page 9a, identified by the pharmacist Sepetčean
* ↑ Adamyan, Vahagn, Babayan, Žasmen (2015) “չաման”, in Haykakan xohanocʻi baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Cuisine] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, Yerevan: self-published, page 323
* ↑ Taxtadžjan A. L., editor (1973), Flora Armenii [The Flora of Armenia] (in Russian), volume 6, Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 352–353

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1902) “չէմէն”, in Tʻurkʻerēni azdecʻutʻiwnə hayerēni vray ew tʻurkʻerēnē pʻoxaṙeal baṙerə Pōlsi hay žoġovrdakan lezuin mēǰ hamematutʻeamb Vani, Ġarabaġi ew Nor-Naxiǰewani barbaṙnerun [The influence of Turkish on Armenian, and the Turkish borrowings in the vernacular Armenian of Constantinople in comparison with the dialects of Van, Karabakh and Nor Nakhichevan] (Ēminean azgagrakan žoġovacu; 3) (in Armenian), Moscow and Vagharshapat: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 271
* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “չաման”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 622–623
* Bussmann, Rainer W., editor (2017), Ethnobotany of the Caucasus (European Ethnobotany), Springer, pages 171–176
* Mkrtčjan, N. A. (1983) “Субстратные названия растений в армянском языке [Substratum Plant Names in Armenian]”, in Древний Восток‎ (in Russian), number 4, Yerevan: Academy Press, pages 36–37
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben (1981) “չաման”, in Busanunneri hayeren-latineren-ṙuseren-angleren-franseren-germaneren baṙaran [Armenian–Latin–Russian–English–French–German Dictionary of Plant Names], Yerevan: University Press, § 964, page 77a

## Old Armenian
### Etymology

Borrowed from an unidentified member of the family of Akkadian 𒌑𒁷𒊺𒉪 (Ú.GAMUN /⁠kamūnu⁠/), in Nuzi also 𒌑𒁷𒊺𒉪 (Ú.GAMUN /⁠kamannu⁠/), Aramaic כמונא (kammōnā), Arabic كَمُّون (kammūn), Sumerian 𒁷𒊺𒉪 (gamun), Hittite 𒆏𒉺𒀀𒉌 (kap-pa-a-ni /⁠kappani⁠/), Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon) etc. The correspondence of չ- (čʻ-) to Semitic k- is also seen in չամիչ (čʻamičʻ).

### Noun

չաման • (čʻaman)
* cumin, Cuminum cyminum
** 5th century, Bible, Matthew 23.23:Վա՜յ ձեզ դպրաց եւ փարիսեցւոց կեղծաւորաց․ զի տասանորդէ՛ք զանանուխ եւ զսամիթ եւ զչաման, եւ թողէք զծանր ծանր օրինացն՝ զդատաստան, եւ զողորմութիւն եւ զհաւատս․ զայս արժա՛ն էր առնել՝ եւ զայն՝ չթողո՛ւլ։Va$^!$y jez dpracʻ ew pʻarisecʻwocʻ kełcaworacʻ; zi tasanordḗkʻ zananux ew zsamitʻ ew zčʻaman, ew tʻołēkʻ zcanr canr ōrinacʻn, zdatastan, ew zołormutʻiwn ew zhawats; zays aržán ēr aṙnel, ew zayn, čʻtʻołúl.Translation by King James VersionWoe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye pay tithe of mint and anise and cummin, and have omitted the weightier [matters] of the law, judgment, mercy, and faith: these ought ye to have done, and not to leave the other undone.

#### Usage notes

In the Bible, translates Ancient Greek κύμινον (kúminon).

#### Derived terms

* չամանուկ (čʻamanuk)
* չամանջուր (čʻamanǰur)

#### Descendants

* Armenian: չաման (čʻaman)
** → Azerbaijani: çəmən
** → Karaim: чаман
** → Ottoman Turkish: چمن (çemen)
*** → Turkish: çemen
** → Russian: чама́н (čamán)

### See also

* ճապուռ (čapuṙ)

### References

* ↑ Zōhrapean, Yovhannēs, editor (1805), Astuacašunčʻ matean Hin ew Nor Ktakaranacʻ [Bible: Scriptures of the Old and New Testaments], volume IV, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 52

### Further reading

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1977) “չաման”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume III, Yerevan: University Press, pages 622–623
* Ališan, Ġewond (1895) “չաման”, in Haybusak kam haykakan busabaṙutʻiwn [Armenian Botany] (in Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, § 2437, pages 513–514
* Awetikʻean, G., Siwrmēlean, X., Awgerean, M. (1837) “չաման”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), volume II, Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy, page 562b
* Greppin, John A. C. (1987) “Some Early Botanical Loan Words Shared by Armenian and Semitic”, in Annual of Armenian linguistics‎, number 8, page 78 of 73–82
* Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 394
* Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 936
* Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879) “չաման”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
* Rosół, Rafał (2013) Frühe Semitische Lehnwörter im Griechischen (in German), Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, pages 55–56