# 吐血
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tùxuè, tùxuě, tùxiě
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨˋ ㄒㄩㄝˋ, ㄊㄨˋ ㄒㄩㄝˇ, ㄊㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄝˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tou$^3$ hyut$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): tu$^3$ xyot$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thò͘-huih / thò͘-hoeh / thò͘-hiat
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tou$^3$ huêh$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tùxuè
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˋ ㄒㄩㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tùsyuè
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^4$-hsüeh$^4$
*** Yale: tù-sywè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuhshiueh
*** Palladius: тусюэ (tusjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu⁵¹⁻⁵³ ɕy̯ɛ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tùxuě
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˋ ㄒㄩㄝˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tùsyuě
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^4$-hsüeh$^3$
*** Yale: tù-sywě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuhsheue
*** Palladius: тусюэ (tusjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu⁵¹ ɕy̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; colloquial in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tùxiě
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨˋ ㄒㄧㄝˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tùsiě
*** Wade–Giles: tʻu$^4$-hsieh$^3$
*** Yale: tù-syě
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tuhshiee
*** Palladius: тусе (tuse)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu⁵¹ ɕi̯ɛ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tou$^3$ hyut$^3$
*** Yale: tou hyut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tou$^3$ hyt$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tou$^3$ hüd$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou̯³³ hyːt̚³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: tu$^3$ xyot$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰu²¹³⁻¹³ ɕyɵt̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen, Taipei, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thò͘-huih
*** Tâi-lô: thòo-huih
*** Phofsit Daibuun: torhuiq
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ huiʔ³²/
*** IPA (Singapore): /tʰɔ²¹⁻⁴² huiʔ³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ huiʔ³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ huiʔ⁵/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thò͘-hoeh
*** Tâi-lô: thòo-hueh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: torhoeq
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ hueʔ³²/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tʰɔ²¹⁻⁵³ hueʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thò͘-hiat
*** Tâi-lô: thòo-hiat
*** Phofsit Daibuun: torhiad
*** IPA (Taipei): /tʰɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ hiɛt̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tʰɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ hiɛt̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: tou$^3$ huêh$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: thòu hueh
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰou²¹³⁻⁵⁵ hueʔ²/

### Verb

吐血
* (medicine) to vomit blood
* (figurative) to be very excited, angry or frustrated
* (Mainland China Hokkien) to be exasperating; to be utterly helpless

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 吐血, 嘔血 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 吐血 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 吐血 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 吐血 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 嘔血 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 嘔血 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 嘔血 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 吐血 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 吐血 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 嘔血, 翻血 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 嘔血 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 嘔血, 翻血 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 嘔血 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 嘔血, 翻血 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 嘔血 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 吐血 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 嘔血 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 吐血, 呸血, 咯紅, 霂血 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 吐血, 呸血, 咯紅, 霂血 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 吐血, 呸血 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 吐血, 呸血 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 嘔紅, 嘔血, 呸血, 咯血 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 吐血 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 吐血, 呸血 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 嘔血, 吐血 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 吐血 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 嘔血, 吐血 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 吐血 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 吐血 |
* (to be exasperating): (Hokkien) 呸血, 吐血吐沱

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 吐 | 血 |
| と Grade: S | けつ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とけつ [tòkétsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ke̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

吐(と)血(けつ) • (toketsu)
* vomiting of blood, hematemesis
    Synonym: 喀血

### Verb

吐(と)血(けつ)する • (toketsu suru) suru (stem 吐(と)血(けつ)し (toketsu shi), past 吐(と)血(けつ)した (toketsu shita))
* to vomit blood

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 吐血し | とけつし | toketsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 吐血し | とけつし | toketsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 吐血する | とけつする | toketsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 吐血する | とけつする | toketsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 吐血すれ | とけつすれ | toketsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 吐血せよ¹ 吐血しろ² | とけつせよ¹ とけつしろ² | toketsu seyo¹ toketsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 吐血される | とけつされる | toketsu sareru |
| Causative | 吐血させる 吐血さす | とけつさせる とけつさす | toketsu saseru toketsu sasu |
| Potential | 吐血できる | とけつできる | toketsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 吐血しよう | とけつしよう | toketsu shiyō |
| Negative | 吐血しない | とけつしない | toketsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 吐血せず | とけつせず | toketsu sezu |
| Formal | 吐血します | とけつします | toketsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 吐血した | とけつした | toketsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 吐血して | とけつして | toketsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 吐血すれば | とけつすれば | toketsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 吐 | 血 |

### Noun

吐血 • (tohyeol) (hangeul 토혈)
* hanja form of 토혈 (“vomiting of blood; hematemesis”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 吐 | 血 |

### Verb

吐血
* chữ Hán form of thổ huyết (“to vomit blood”).