# ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ
## Coptic
### Verb

ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ • (ouōnh) (nominal state ⲟⲩⲉⲛϩ-, pronominal state ⲟⲩⲟⲛϩ⸗)
* (Bohairic) to appear

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ouōnh | imperative | affirmative | ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ouōnh |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ štemouōnh | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀perouōnh |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tiouōnh | ⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ khouōnh | ⲧⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ teouōnh | ϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ fouōnh | ⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ souōnh | ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tenouōnh | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tetenouōnh | ⲥⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ seouōnh | ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ouōnh |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eiouōnh | ⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ekhouōnh | ⲉⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ereouōnh | ⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ efouōnh | ⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ esouōnh | ⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ enouōnh | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eretenouōnh | ⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ euouōnh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ere- ouōnh |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etiouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etekhouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eteouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etefouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etesouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etenouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etetenouōnh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etououōnh | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ete- ouōnh |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ naiouōnh | ⲛⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nakhouōnh | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nareouōnh | ⲛⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nafouōnh | ⲛⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nasouōnh | ⲛⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nanouōnh | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ naretenouōnh | ⲛⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nauouōnh | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nare- ouōnh |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ aiouōnh | ⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ akhouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ areouōnh | ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ afouōnh | ⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ asouōnh | ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ anouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ aretenouōnh | ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ auouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ are- ouōnh |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tinaouōnh | ⲭⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ khnaouōnh | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ teraouōnh | ϥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ fnaouōnh | ⲥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ snaouōnh | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tennaouōnh | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tetennaouōnh | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ senaouōnh | ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ naouōnh |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ einaouōnh | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ekhnaouōnh | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ erenaouōnh | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ efnaouōnh | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ esnaouōnh | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ennaouōnh | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eretennaouōnh | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eunaouōnh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ere- naouōnh |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etinaouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etekhnaouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etenaouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etefnaouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etesnaouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etennaouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etetennaouōnh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etounaouōnh | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ete- naouōnh |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nainaouōnh | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nakhnaouōnh | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ narenaouōnh | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nafnaouōnh | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nasnaouōnh | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nannaouōnh | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ naretennaouōnh | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ naunaouōnh | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nare- naouōnh |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ainaouōnh | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ akhnaouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ arenaouōnh | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ afnaouōnh | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ asnaouōnh | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ annaouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ aretennaouōnh | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ aunaouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ are- naouōnh |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ aiouōnh | ⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ akhouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ areouōnh | ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ afouōnh | ⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ asouōnh | ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ anouōnh | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ atetenouōnh | ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ auouōnh | ⲁ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ a- ouōnh |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀piouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pekhouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀peouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pefouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pesouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀penouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀petenouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pououōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pe- ouōnh |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eaiouōnh | ⲉⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eakhouōnh | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eareouōnh | ⲉⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eafouōnh | ⲉⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ easouōnh | ⲉⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eanouōnh | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eatetenouōnh | ⲉⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eauouōnh | ⲉⲁ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ea- ouōnh |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀piouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pekhouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀peouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pefouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pesouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀penouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀petenouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pououōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pe- ouōnh |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etaiouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etakhouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etareouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etafouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etasouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etanouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etaretenouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etauouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eta- ouōnh |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀piouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pekhouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀peouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pefouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pesouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀penouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀petenouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pououōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pe- ouōnh |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ neaiouōnh | ⲛⲉⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ neakhouōnh | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ neareouōnh | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ neafouōnh | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ neasouōnh | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ neanouōnh | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ neatetenouōnh | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ neauouōnh | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nea- ouōnh |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nem̀piouōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nem̀pekhouōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nem̀peouōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nem̀pefouōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nem̀pesouōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nem̀penouōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nem̀petenouōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nem̀pououōnh | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nem̀pe- ouōnh |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etaiouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etakhouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etareouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etafouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etasouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etanouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etaretenouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etauouōnh | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eta- ouōnh |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀patiouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀patekhouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pateouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀patefouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀patesouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀patenouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀patetenouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀patououōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pate- ouōnh |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀patiouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀patekhouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pateouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀patefouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀patesouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀patenouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀patetenouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀patououōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pate- ouōnh |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀patiouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀patekhouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pateouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀patefouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀patesouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀patenouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀patetenouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀patououōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pate- ouōnh |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀patiouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀patekhouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀pateouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀patefouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀patesouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀patenouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀patetenouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀patououōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀pate- ouōnh |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šaiouōnh | ϣⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šakhouōnh | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šareouōnh | ϣⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šafouōnh | ϣⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šasouōnh | ϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šanouōnh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šatetenouōnh | ϣⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šauouōnh | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šare- ouōnh |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀paiouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pakhouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pareouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pafouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pasouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀panouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀paretenouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pauouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀pare- ouōnh |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ešaiouōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ešakhouōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ešareouōnh | ⲉϣⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ešafouōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ešasouōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ešanouōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ešatetenouōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ešauouōnh | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ešare- ouōnh |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀paiouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pakhouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pareouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pafouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pasouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀panouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀paretenouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pauouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pare- ouōnh |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etšaiouōnh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etšakhouōnh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etšareouōnh | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etšafouōnh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etšasouōnh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etšanouōnh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etšatetenouōnh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etšauouōnh | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etšare- ouōnh |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀paiouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pakhouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pareouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pafouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pasouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀panouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀paretenouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pauouōnh | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ etm̀pare- ouōnh |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ našaiouōnh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ našakhouōnh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ našareouōnh | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ našafouōnh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ našasouōnh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ našanouōnh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ našatetenouōnh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ našauouōnh | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ našare- ouōnh |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀paiouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀pakhouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀pareouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀pafouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀pasouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀panouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀paretenouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀pauouōnh | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ nam̀pare- ouōnh |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀paiouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pakhouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pareouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pafouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pasouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀panouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀paretenouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pauouōnh | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ em̀pare- ouōnh |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eieouōnh | ⲉⲕⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ekeouōnh | ⲉⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ereouōnh | ⲉϥⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ efeouōnh | ⲉⲥⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eseouōnh | ⲉⲛⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eneouōnh | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ereteneouōnh | ⲉⲩⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ eueouōnh | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ere- ouōnh |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹnaouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹnekhouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹneouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹnefouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹnesouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹnenouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹnetenouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹnououōnh | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹne- ouōnh |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ mariouōnh | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ marefouōnh | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ maresouōnh | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ marenouōnh | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ marououōnh | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ mare- ouōnh |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀penthriouōnh | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀penthrefouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀penthresouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀penthrenouōnh | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀penthreuouōnh | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ m̀penthre- ouōnh |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹtaouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹtekhouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹteouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹtefouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹtesouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹtenouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹtetenouōnh | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹseouōnh, ǹtououōnh | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ ǹte- ouōnh |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tariouōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tarekhouōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tareouōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tarefouōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ taresouōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tarenouōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ taretenouōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tarououōnh | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ tare- ouōnh |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šatiouōnh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šatekhouōnh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šateouōnh | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šatefouōnh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šatesouōnh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šatenouōnh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šatetenouōnh | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šatououōnh | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ šate- ouōnh |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ aišanouōnh | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ akšanouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ arešanouōnh | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ afšanouōnh | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ asšanouōnh | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ anšanouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ aretenšanouōnh | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ aušanouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ arešan- ouōnh |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ aiouōnh | ⲁⲭⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ akhouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ areouōnh | ⲁϥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ afouōnh | ⲁⲥⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ asouōnh | ⲁⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ anouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ aretenouōnh | ⲁⲩⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ auouōnh | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲟⲩⲱⲛϩ are- ouōnh |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 214
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 486