# 碭

| 碭 | U+78AD, &#30893; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78AD |
| ← 碬 [U+78AC] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 碮 → [U+78AE] |

## Translingual
### Han character

碭 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+9, 14 strokes, cangjie input 一口日一竹 (MRAMH), four-corner 1662$_7$, composition ⿰石昜)

#### Derived characters

* 𭄓, 𦿆

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 833, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24342
* Dae Jaweon: page 1250, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2443, character 2
* Unihan data for U+78AD

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 湯 | *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *hljaŋ |
| 踼 | *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋʔ, *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs |
| 蝪 | *l̥ʰaːŋ |
| 薚 | *l̥ʰaːŋ |
| 簜 | *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l'aːŋʔ |
| 盪 | *l̥ʰaːŋ, *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ |
| 偒 | *l̥ʰaːŋʔ |
| 蕩 | *l̥ʰaːŋs, *l'aːŋʔ |
| 燙 | *l̥ʰaːŋs |
| 啺 | *l'aːŋ |
| 碭 | *l'aːŋ, *l'aːŋs |
| 婸 | *l'aːŋʔ |
| 愓 | *l'aːŋʔ |
| 璗 | *l'aːŋʔ |
| 崵 | *l'aːŋʔ, *laŋ |
| 逿 | *l'aːŋs |
| 暢 | *l̥ʰaŋs |
| 畼 | *l̥ʰaŋs |
| 腸 | *l'aŋ |
| 場 | *l'aŋ |
| 傷 | *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs |
| 殤 | *hljaŋ |
| 觴 | *hljaŋ |
| 慯 | *hljaŋ, *hljaŋs |
| 禓 | *hljaŋ, *laŋ |
| 塲 | *hljaŋ |
| 陽 | *laŋ |
| 楊 | *laŋ |
| 揚 | *laŋ |
| 瘍 | *laŋ |
| 煬 | *laŋ, *laŋs |
| 鍚 | *laŋ |
| 暘 | *laŋ |
| 颺 | *laŋ, *laŋs |
| 昜 | *laŋ |
| 輰 | *laŋ |
| 敭 | *laŋ |
| 鰑 | *laŋ |
| 諹 | *laŋ, *laŋs |
| 瑒 | *laŋ, *rlaːŋʔ |
| 鸉 | *laŋ |
| 餳 | *ljaːŋ |

### Etymology

Possibly related to 玉 (OC *ŋoɡ, “jade”); see there for more (STEDT).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dàng (dang$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dong$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thn̄g / tōng / tǒng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dàng
*** Wade–Giles: tang$^4$
*** Yale: dàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: danq
*** Palladius: дан (dan)
*** Sinological IPA : /tɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dong$^6$
*** Yale: dohng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dong$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dong$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /tɔːŋ²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thn̄g
*** Tâi-lô: thn̄g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: tng
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰŋ̍³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰŋ̍⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tʰŋ̍²²/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tōng
*** Tâi-lô: tōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dong
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tǒng
*** Tâi-lô: tǒng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²²/
* Middle Chinese: dang, dangH
Rime :
| Character | 碭 | 碭 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 定 (7) | 定 (7) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 徒郎切 | 徒浪切 |
| Baxter | dang | dangH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /dɑŋ/ | /dɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /dɑŋ/ | /dɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /dɑŋ/ | /dɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /daŋ/ | /daŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /dɑŋ/ | /dɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /dɑŋ/ | /dɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /dʱɑŋ/ | /dʱɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | táng | dàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tong$^4$ | dong$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*lˤaŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l'aːŋ/, /*l'aːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 碭 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | dàng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dang$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*lˁaŋ-s/ |
| English | veined stone |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 碭 | 碭 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 14565 | 14574 |
| Phonetic component | 昜 | 昜 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 唐 | 宕 |
| Old Chinese | /*l'aːŋ/ | /*l'aːŋs/ |

### Definitions

碭
* (literary) brilliantly colored stone with veined patterns in it
* (literary) to overflow; to rush into; to burst into
* (literary) vast; expansive

#### Compounds

* 碭突／砀突
* 芒碭／芒砀 (Mángdàng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): とう (tō)、どう (dō)
* Kun: いし (ishi)

## Korean
### Hanja

碭 • (tang) (hangeul 탕, revised tang, McCune–Reischauer t'ang, Yale thang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

碭: Hán Nôm readings: nãng
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.