# sebenza
## Fanagalo
### Etymology

From Zulu -sebenza.

### Verb

sebenza
* to work

## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-sébénza
* to work

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Southern Ndebele
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-sébénza
* to work

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [seɓeːⁿd̥za̤]

### Verb

-sébénza
* (intransitive) to work

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

#### Derived terms

* -sebenzisa
* umsebenzi

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

IPA: /seɓéːnza/

### Verb

-sebénza
* (intransitive) to work
* (intransitive) to function, to operate

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukusebenza |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukusebenza | ukungasebenzi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | sebenza | -sebenze |
| Plural | sebenzani | -sebenzeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyasebenza, ngisebenza | engisebenzayo, engisebenza | ngisebenza | angisebenzi | engingasebenzi | ngingasebenzi |
| 2nd singular | uyasebenza, usebenza | osebenzayo, osebenza | usebenza | awusebenzi | ongasebenzi | ungasebenzi |
| 1st plural | siyasebenza, sisebenza | esisebenzayo, esisebenza | sisebenza | asisebenzi | esingasebenzi | singasebenzi |
| 2nd plural | niyasebenza, nisebenza | enisebenzayo, enisebenza | nisebenza | anisebenzi | eningasebenzi | ningasebenzi |
| Class 1 | uyasebenza, usebenza | osebenzayo, osebenza | esebenza | akasebenzi | ongasebenzi | engasebenzi |
| Class 2 | bayasebenza, basebenza | abasebenzayo, abasebenza | besebenza | abasebenzi | abangasebenzi | bengasebenzi |
| Class 3 | uyasebenza, usebenza | osebenzayo, osebenza | usebenza | awusebenzi | ongasebenzi | ungasebenzi |
| Class 4 | iyasebenza, isebenza | esebenzayo, esebenza | isebenza | ayisebenzi | engasebenzi | ingasebenzi |
| Class 5 | liyasebenza, lisebenza | elisebenzayo, elisebenza | lisebenza | alisebenzi | elingasebenzi | lingasebenzi |
| Class 6 | ayasebenza, asebenza | asebenzayo, asebenza | esebenza | awasebenzi | angasebenzi | engasebenzi |
| Class 7 | siyasebenza, sisebenza | esisebenzayo, esisebenza | sisebenza | asisebenzi | esingasebenzi | singasebenzi |
| Class 8 | ziyasebenza, zisebenza | ezisebenzayo, ezisebenza | zisebenza | azisebenzi | ezingasebenzi | zingasebenzi |
| Class 9 | iyasebenza, isebenza | esebenzayo, esebenza | isebenza | ayisebenzi | engasebenzi | ingasebenzi |
| Class 10 | ziyasebenza, zisebenza | ezisebenzayo, ezisebenza | zisebenza | azisebenzi | ezingasebenzi | zingasebenzi |
| Class 11 | luyasebenza, lusebenza | olusebenzayo, olusebenza | lusebenza | alusebenzi | olungasebenzi | lungasebenzi |
| Class 14 | buyasebenza, busebenza | obusebenzayo, obusebenza | busebenza | abusebenzi | obungasebenzi | bungasebenzi |
| Class 15 | kuyasebenza, kusebenza | okusebenzayo, okusebenza | kusebenza | akusebenzi | okungasebenzi | kungasebenzi |
| Class 17 | kuyasebenza, kusebenza | okusebenzayo, okusebenza | kusebenza | akusebenzi | okungasebenzi | kungasebenzi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngisebenzile, ngisebenzē | engisebenzile, engisebenzē | ngisebenzile, ngisebenzē | angisebenzanga | engingasebenzanga | ngingasebenzanga |
| 2nd singular | usebenzile, usebenzē | osebenzile, osebenzē | usebenzile, usebenzē | awusebenzanga | ongasebenzanga | ungasebenzanga |
| 1st plural | sisebenzile, sisebenzē | esisebenzile, esisebenzē | sisebenzile, sisebenzē | asisebenzanga | esingasebenzanga | singasebenzanga |
| 2nd plural | nisebenzile, nisebenzē | enisebenzile, enisebenzē | nisebenzile, nisebenzē | anisebenzanga | eningasebenzanga | ningasebenzanga |
| Class 1 | usebenzile, usebenzē | osebenzile, osebenzē | esebenzile, esebenzē | akasebenzanga | ongasebenzanga | engasebenzanga |
| Class 2 | basebenzile, basebenzē | abasebenzile, abasebenzē | besebenzile, besebenzē | abasebenzanga | abangasebenzanga | bengasebenzanga |
| Class 3 | usebenzile, usebenzē | osebenzile, osebenzē | usebenzile, usebenzē | awusebenzanga | ongasebenzanga | ungasebenzanga |
| Class 4 | isebenzile, isebenzē | esebenzile, esebenzē | isebenzile, isebenzē | ayisebenzanga | engasebenzanga | ingasebenzanga |
| Class 5 | lisebenzile, lisebenzē | elisebenzile, elisebenzē | lisebenzile, lisebenzē | alisebenzanga | elingasebenzanga | lingasebenzanga |
| Class 6 | asebenzile, asebenzē | asebenzile, asebenzē | esebenzile, esebenzē | awasebenzanga | angasebenzanga | engasebenzanga |
| Class 7 | sisebenzile, sisebenzē | esisebenzile, esisebenzē | sisebenzile, sisebenzē | asisebenzanga | esingasebenzanga | singasebenzanga |
| Class 8 | zisebenzile, zisebenzē | ezisebenzile, ezisebenzē | zisebenzile, zisebenzē | azisebenzanga | ezingasebenzanga | zingasebenzanga |
| Class 9 | isebenzile, isebenzē | esebenzile, esebenzē | isebenzile, isebenzē | ayisebenzanga | engasebenzanga | ingasebenzanga |
| Class 10 | zisebenzile, zisebenzē | ezisebenzile, ezisebenzē | zisebenzile, zisebenzē | azisebenzanga | ezingasebenzanga | zingasebenzanga |
| Class 11 | lusebenzile, lusebenzē | olusebenzile, olusebenzē | lusebenzile, lusebenzē | alusebenzanga | olungasebenzanga | lungasebenzanga |
| Class 14 | busebenzile, busebenzē | obusebenzile, obusebenzē | busebenzile, busebenzē | abusebenzanga | obungasebenzanga | bungasebenzanga |
| Class 15 | kusebenzile, kusebenzē | okusebenzile, okusebenzē | kusebenzile, kusebenzē | akusebenzanga | okungasebenzanga | kungasebenzanga |
| Class 17 | kusebenzile, kusebenzē | okusebenzile, okusebenzē | kusebenzile, kusebenzē | akusebenzanga | okungasebenzanga | kungasebenzanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāsebenza | engāsebenza | ngāsebenza | angisebenzanga | engingasebenzanga | ngingasebenzanga |
| 2nd singular | wāsebenza | owāsebenza | wāsebenza | awusebenzanga | ongasebenzanga | ungasebenzanga |
| 1st plural | sāsebenza | esāsebenza | sāsebenza | asisebenzanga | esingasebenzanga | singasebenzanga |
| 2nd plural | nāsebenza | enāsebenza | nāsebenza | anisebenzanga | eningasebenzanga | ningasebenzanga |
| Class 1 | wāsebenza | owāsebenza | āsebenza | akasebenzanga | ongasebenzanga | engasebenzanga |
| Class 2 | bāsebenza | abāsebenza | bāsebenza | abasebenzanga | abangasebenzanga | bengasebenzanga |
| Class 3 | wāsebenza | owāsebenza | wāsebenza | awusebenzanga | ongasebenzanga | ungasebenzanga |
| Class 4 | yāsebenza | eyāsebenza | yāsebenza | ayisebenzanga | engasebenzanga | ingasebenzanga |
| Class 5 | lāsebenza | elāsebenza | lāsebenza | alisebenzanga | elingasebenzanga | lingasebenzanga |
| Class 6 | āsebenza | āsebenza | āsebenza | awasebenzanga | angasebenzanga | engasebenzanga |
| Class 7 | sāsebenza | esāsebenza | sāsebenza | asisebenzanga | esingasebenzanga | singasebenzanga |
| Class 8 | zāsebenza | ezāsebenza | zāsebenza | azisebenzanga | ezingasebenzanga | zingasebenzanga |
| Class 9 | yāsebenza | eyāsebenza | yāsebenza | ayisebenzanga | engasebenzanga | ingasebenzanga |
| Class 10 | zāsebenza | ezāsebenza | zāsebenza | azisebenzanga | ezingasebenzanga | zingasebenzanga |
| Class 11 | lwāsebenza | olwāsebenza | lwāsebenza | alusebenzanga | olungasebenzanga | lungasebenzanga |
| Class 14 | bāsebenza | obāsebenza | bāsebenza | abusebenzanga | obungasebenzanga | bungasebenzanga |
| Class 15 | kwāsebenza | okwāsebenza | kwāsebenza | akusebenzanga | okungasebenzanga | kungasebenzanga |
| Class 17 | kwāsebenza | okwāsebenza | kwāsebenza | akusebenzanga | okungasebenzanga | kungasebenzanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingasebenza | — | ngingasebenza | ngingesebenze | — | ngingesebenze |
| 2nd singular | ungasebenza | — | ungasebenza | ungesebenze | — | ungesebenze |
| 1st plural | singasebenza | — | singasebenza | singesebenze | — | singesebenze |
| 2nd plural | ningasebenza | — | ningasebenza | ningesebenze | — | ningesebenze |
| Class 1 | angasebenza | — | engasebenza | angesebenze | — | engesebenze |
| Class 2 | bangasebenza | — | bengasebenza | bangesebenze | — | bengesebenze |
| Class 3 | ungasebenza | — | ungasebenza | ungesebenze | — | ungesebenze |
| Class 4 | ingasebenza | — | ingasebenza | ingesebenze | — | ingesebenze |
| Class 5 | lingasebenza | — | lingasebenza | lingesebenze | — | lingesebenze |
| Class 6 | angasebenza | — | engasebenza | angesebenze | — | engesebenze |
| Class 7 | singasebenza | — | singasebenza | singesebenze | — | singesebenze |
| Class 8 | zingasebenza | — | zingasebenza | zingesebenze | — | zingesebenze |
| Class 9 | ingasebenza | — | ingasebenza | ingesebenze | — | ingesebenze |
| Class 10 | zingasebenza | — | zingasebenza | zingesebenze | — | zingesebenze |
| Class 11 | lungasebenza | — | lungasebenza | lungesebenze | — | lungesebenze |
| Class 14 | bungasebenza | — | bungasebenza | bungesebenze | — | bungesebenze |
| Class 15 | kungasebenza | — | kungasebenza | kungesebenze | — | kungesebenze |
| Class 17 | kungasebenza | — | kungasebenza | kungesebenze | — | kungesebenze |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizosebenza | engizosebenza | ngizosebenza | angizusebenza | engingezusebenza | ngingezusebenza |
| 2nd singular | uzosebenza | ozosebenza | uzosebenza | awuzusebenza | ongezusebenza | ungezusebenza |
| 1st plural | sizosebenza | esizosebenza | sizosebenza | asizusebenza | esingezusebenza | singezusebenza |
| 2nd plural | nizosebenza | enizosebenza | nizosebenza | anizusebenza | eningezusebenza | ningezusebenza |
| Class 1 | uzosebenza | ozosebenza | ezosebenza | akazusebenza | ongezusebenza | engezusebenza |
| Class 2 | bazosebenza | abazosebenza | bezosebenza | abazusebenza | abangezusebenza | bengezusebenza |
| Class 3 | uzosebenza | ozosebenza | uzosebenza | awuzusebenza | ongezusebenza | ungezusebenza |
| Class 4 | izosebenza | ezosebenza | izosebenza | ayizusebenza | engezusebenza | ingezusebenza |
| Class 5 | lizosebenza | elizosebenza | lizosebenza | alizusebenza | elingezusebenza | lingezusebenza |
| Class 6 | azosebenza | azosebenza | ezosebenza | awazusebenza | angezusebenza | engezusebenza |
| Class 7 | sizosebenza | esizosebenza | sizosebenza | asizusebenza | esingezusebenza | singezusebenza |
| Class 8 | zizosebenza | ezizosebenza | zizosebenza | azizusebenza | ezingezusebenza | zingezusebenza |
| Class 9 | izosebenza | ezosebenza | izosebenza | ayizusebenza | engezusebenza | ingezusebenza |
| Class 10 | zizosebenza | ezizosebenza | zizosebenza | azizusebenza | ezingezusebenza | zingezusebenza |
| Class 11 | luzosebenza | oluzosebenza | luzosebenza | aluzusebenza | olungezusebenza | lungezusebenza |
| Class 14 | buzosebenza | obuzosebenza | buzosebenza | abuzusebenza | obungezusebenza | bungezusebenza |
| Class 15 | kuzosebenza | okuzosebenza | kuzosebenza | akuzusebenza | okungezusebenza | kungezusebenza |
| Class 17 | kuzosebenza | okuzosebenza | kuzosebenza | akuzusebenza | okungezusebenza | kungezusebenza |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyosebenza | engiyosebenza | ngiyosebenza | angiyusebenza | engingeyusebenza | ngingeyusebenza |
| 2nd singular | uyosebenza | oyosebenza | uyosebenza | awuyusebenza | ongeyusebenza | ungeyusebenza |
| 1st plural | siyosebenza | esiyosebenza | siyosebenza | asiyusebenza | esingeyusebenza | singeyusebenza |
| 2nd plural | niyosebenza | eniyosebenza | niyosebenza | aniyusebenza | eningeyusebenza | ningeyusebenza |
| Class 1 | uyosebenza | oyosebenza | eyosebenza | akayusebenza | ongeyusebenza | engeyusebenza |
| Class 2 | bayosebenza | abayosebenza | beyosebenza | abayusebenza | abangeyusebenza | bengeyusebenza |
| Class 3 | uyosebenza | oyosebenza | uyosebenza | awuyusebenza | ongeyusebenza | ungeyusebenza |
| Class 4 | iyosebenza | eyosebenza | iyosebenza | ayiyusebenza | engeyusebenza | ingeyusebenza |
| Class 5 | liyosebenza | eliyosebenza | liyosebenza | aliyusebenza | elingeyusebenza | lingeyusebenza |
| Class 6 | ayosebenza | ayosebenza | eyosebenza | awayusebenza | angeyusebenza | engeyusebenza |
| Class 7 | siyosebenza | esiyosebenza | siyosebenza | asiyusebenza | esingeyusebenza | singeyusebenza |
| Class 8 | ziyosebenza | eziyosebenza | ziyosebenza | aziyusebenza | ezingeyusebenza | zingeyusebenza |
| Class 9 | iyosebenza | eyosebenza | iyosebenza | ayiyusebenza | engeyusebenza | ingeyusebenza |
| Class 10 | ziyosebenza | eziyosebenza | ziyosebenza | aziyusebenza | ezingeyusebenza | zingeyusebenza |
| Class 11 | luyosebenza | oluyosebenza | luyosebenza | aluyusebenza | olungeyusebenza | lungeyusebenza |
| Class 14 | buyosebenza | obuyosebenza | buyosebenza | abuyusebenza | obungeyusebenza | bungeyusebenza |
| Class 15 | kuyosebenza | okuyosebenza | kuyosebenza | akuyusebenza | okungeyusebenza | kungeyusebenza |
| Class 17 | kuyosebenza | okuyosebenza | kuyosebenza | akuyusebenza | okungeyusebenza | kungeyusebenza |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngisebenze | ngingasebenzi |
| 2nd singular | usebenze | ungasebenzi |
| 1st plural | sisebenze | singasebenzi |
| 2nd plural | nisebenze | ningasebenzi |
| Class 1 | asebenze | angasebenzi |
| Class 2 | basebenze | bangasebenzi |
| Class 3 | usebenze | ungasebenzi |
| Class 4 | isebenze | ingasebenzi |
| Class 5 | lisebenze | lingasebenzi |
| Class 6 | asebenze | angasebenzi |
| Class 7 | sisebenze | singasebenzi |
| Class 8 | zisebenze | zingasebenzi |
| Class 9 | isebenze | ingasebenzi |
| Class 10 | zisebenze | zingasebenzi |
| Class 11 | lusebenze | lungasebenzi |
| Class 14 | busebenze | bungasebenzi |
| Class 15 | kusebenze | kungasebenzi |
| Class 17 | kusebenze | kungasebenzi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngasebenza | ngangasebenza, angasebenza, angangasebenza |
| 2nd singular | wasebenza | wangasebenza, awasebenza, awangasebenza |
| 1st plural | sasebenza | sangasebenza, asasebenza, asangasebenza |
| 2nd plural | nasebenza | nangasebenza, anasebenza, anangasebenza |
| Class 1 | wasebenza | wangasebenza, akasebenza, akangasebenza |
| Class 2 | basebenza | bangasebenza, abasebenza, abangasebenza |
| Class 3 | wasebenza | wangasebenza, awasebenza, awangasebenza |
| Class 4 | yasebenza | yangasebenza, ayasebenza, ayangasebenza |
| Class 5 | lasebenza | langasebenza, alasebenza, alangasebenza |
| Class 6 | asebenza | angasebenza, awasebenza, awangasebenza |
| Class 7 | sasebenza | sangasebenza, asasebenza, asangasebenza |
| Class 8 | zasebenza | zangasebenza, azasebenza, azangasebenza |
| Class 9 | yasebenza | yangasebenza, ayasebenza, ayangasebenza |
| Class 10 | zasebenza | zangasebenza, azasebenza, azangasebenza |
| Class 11 | lwasebenza | lwangasebenza, alwasebenza, alwangasebenza |
| Class 14 | basebenza | bangasebenza, abasebenza, abangasebenza |
| Class 15 | kwasebenza | kwangasebenza, akwasebenza, akwangasebenza |
| Class 17 | kwasebenza | kwangasebenza, akwasebenza, akwangasebenza |

#### Derived terms

* -sebenzisa
* isisebenzi
* umsebenzi

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “seɓenza”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “seɓenza (3.2.9)”