# 譖

| 譖 | U+8B56, &#35670; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8B56 |
| ← 譕 [U+8B55] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 譗 → [U+8B57] |

## Translingual
### Han character

譖 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+12, 19 strokes, cangjie input 卜口一山日 (YRMUA), four-corner 0566$_1$, composition ⿰訁朁)
* to slander

#### Derived characters

* 𥸄

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1181, character 15
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35972
* Dae Jaweon: page 1644, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4018, character 6
* Unihan data for U+8B56

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 譖
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 簪 | *ʔsɯːm, *ʔsrɯm |
| 撍 | *ʔsluːm, *ʔsluːmʔ, *ʔsluːms, *ʔsrum |
| 鐕 | *ʔsluːm |
| 憯 | *sʰluːmʔ, *sʰlɯːmʔ |
| 噆 | *sʰluːmʔ, *ʔsluːb |
| 朁 | *sʰlɯːmʔ, *zlam |
| 蠶 | *zluːm |
| 蚕 | *zluːm, *hl'iːnʔ |
| 糣 | *sluːmʔ |
| 熸 | *ʔslom |
| 鬵 | *zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm |
| 灊 | *zlam, *zɯm, *ljɯm |
| 潛 | *zlom, *zloms |
| 僭 | *ʔslɯːms |
| 兓 | *sl'ɯm |
| 嶜 | *zlum |
| 兂 | *ʔsrɯm |
| 譖 | *ʔsrums |

### Etymology 1

Compare perhaps 針 (OC *kjum, *kjums, “needle”) (STEDT).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zèn (zen$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zam$^3$ / cam$^6$ / cam$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zèn
*** Wade–Giles: tsên$^4$
*** Yale: dzèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzenn
*** Palladius: цзэнь (czɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zam$^3$ / cam$^6$ / cam$^3$
*** Yale: jam / chahm / cham
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzam$^3$ / tsam$^6$ / tsam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zem$^3$ / cem$^6$ / cem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐm³³/, /t͡sʰɐm²²/, /t͡sʰɐm³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsrimH
Rime :
| Character | 譖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) |
| Final (韻) | 侵 (140) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 莊蔭切 |
| Baxter | tsrimH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃˠiɪm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂᵚim$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃiem$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂjim$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃjəm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃĭĕm$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂi̯əm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zam$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]r[ə]m-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsrums/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 譖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zèn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrim$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]r[ə]m-s/ |
| English | accuse |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 譖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6722 |
| Phonetic component | 兓 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 譖 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsrums/ |

#### Definitions

譖
* (literary) to slander

#### Compounds

* 媒譖／媒谮
* 掇蜂譖子／掇蜂谮子
* 浸潤之譖／浸润之谮
* 譖人／谮人
* 譖害／谮害
* 譖言／谮言
* 讒譖／谗谮

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): cam$^3$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cam$^3$
*** Yale: cham
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsam$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐm³³/

#### Definitions

譖
* (Cantonese) long-winded; garrulous; unnecessarily verbose
       keoi$^5$ gong$^2$ je$^5$ jau$^6$ coeng$^4$ jau$^6$ cam$^3$. [Jyutping]
       His speaking is long-winded and garrulous.

#### Compounds

* 譖氣／谮气

### References

* “譖”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* slander

#### Readings

* Go-on: しん (shin)
* Kan-on: しん (shin)
* Kun: そしる (soshiru, 譖る)

## Korean
### Hanja

譖 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.