# qhamuka
## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-qhamuka$^?$
* (intransitive) to grow

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

From qhamu +‎ -ka.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃʰamuːɠa/

### Verb

-qhamuka
* (intransitive) to appear from, to come from
* (intransitive) to appear unexpectedly, to come suddenly into sight

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuqhamuka |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqhamuka | ukungaqhamuki |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qhamuka | -qhamuke |
| Plural | qhamukani | -qhamukeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqhamuka, ngiqhamuka | engiqhamukayo, engiqhamuka | ngiqhamuka | angiqhamuki | engingaqhamuki | ngingaqhamuki |
| 2nd singular | uyaqhamuka, uqhamuka | oqhamukayo, oqhamuka | uqhamuka | awuqhamuki | ongaqhamuki | ungaqhamuki |
| 1st plural | siyaqhamuka, siqhamuka | esiqhamukayo, esiqhamuka | siqhamuka | asiqhamuki | esingaqhamuki | singaqhamuki |
| 2nd plural | niyaqhamuka, niqhamuka | eniqhamukayo, eniqhamuka | niqhamuka | aniqhamuki | eningaqhamuki | ningaqhamuki |
| Class 1 | uyaqhamuka, uqhamuka | oqhamukayo, oqhamuka | eqhamuka | akaqhamuki | ongaqhamuki | engaqhamuki |
| Class 2 | bayaqhamuka, baqhamuka | abaqhamukayo, abaqhamuka | beqhamuka | abaqhamuki | abangaqhamuki | bengaqhamuki |
| Class 3 | uyaqhamuka, uqhamuka | oqhamukayo, oqhamuka | uqhamuka | awuqhamuki | ongaqhamuki | ungaqhamuki |
| Class 4 | iyaqhamuka, iqhamuka | eqhamukayo, eqhamuka | iqhamuka | ayiqhamuki | engaqhamuki | ingaqhamuki |
| Class 5 | liyaqhamuka, liqhamuka | eliqhamukayo, eliqhamuka | liqhamuka | aliqhamuki | elingaqhamuki | lingaqhamuki |
| Class 6 | ayaqhamuka, aqhamuka | aqhamukayo, aqhamuka | eqhamuka | awaqhamuki | angaqhamuki | engaqhamuki |
| Class 7 | siyaqhamuka, siqhamuka | esiqhamukayo, esiqhamuka | siqhamuka | asiqhamuki | esingaqhamuki | singaqhamuki |
| Class 8 | ziyaqhamuka, ziqhamuka | eziqhamukayo, eziqhamuka | ziqhamuka | aziqhamuki | ezingaqhamuki | zingaqhamuki |
| Class 9 | iyaqhamuka, iqhamuka | eqhamukayo, eqhamuka | iqhamuka | ayiqhamuki | engaqhamuki | ingaqhamuki |
| Class 10 | ziyaqhamuka, ziqhamuka | eziqhamukayo, eziqhamuka | ziqhamuka | aziqhamuki | ezingaqhamuki | zingaqhamuki |
| Class 11 | luyaqhamuka, luqhamuka | oluqhamukayo, oluqhamuka | luqhamuka | aluqhamuki | olungaqhamuki | lungaqhamuki |
| Class 14 | buyaqhamuka, buqhamuka | obuqhamukayo, obuqhamuka | buqhamuka | abuqhamuki | obungaqhamuki | bungaqhamuki |
| Class 15 | kuyaqhamuka, kuqhamuka | okuqhamukayo, okuqhamuka | kuqhamuka | akuqhamuki | okungaqhamuki | kungaqhamuki |
| Class 17 | kuyaqhamuka, kuqhamuka | okuqhamukayo, okuqhamuka | kuqhamuka | akuqhamuki | okungaqhamuki | kungaqhamuki |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqhamukile, ngiqhamukē | engiqhamukile, engiqhamukē | ngiqhamukile, ngiqhamukē | angiqhamukanga | engingaqhamukanga | ngingaqhamukanga |
| 2nd singular | uqhamukile, uqhamukē | oqhamukile, oqhamukē | uqhamukile, uqhamukē | awuqhamukanga | ongaqhamukanga | ungaqhamukanga |
| 1st plural | siqhamukile, siqhamukē | esiqhamukile, esiqhamukē | siqhamukile, siqhamukē | asiqhamukanga | esingaqhamukanga | singaqhamukanga |
| 2nd plural | niqhamukile, niqhamukē | eniqhamukile, eniqhamukē | niqhamukile, niqhamukē | aniqhamukanga | eningaqhamukanga | ningaqhamukanga |
| Class 1 | uqhamukile, uqhamukē | oqhamukile, oqhamukē | eqhamukile, eqhamukē | akaqhamukanga | ongaqhamukanga | engaqhamukanga |
| Class 2 | baqhamukile, baqhamukē | abaqhamukile, abaqhamukē | beqhamukile, beqhamukē | abaqhamukanga | abangaqhamukanga | bengaqhamukanga |
| Class 3 | uqhamukile, uqhamukē | oqhamukile, oqhamukē | uqhamukile, uqhamukē | awuqhamukanga | ongaqhamukanga | ungaqhamukanga |
| Class 4 | iqhamukile, iqhamukē | eqhamukile, eqhamukē | iqhamukile, iqhamukē | ayiqhamukanga | engaqhamukanga | ingaqhamukanga |
| Class 5 | liqhamukile, liqhamukē | eliqhamukile, eliqhamukē | liqhamukile, liqhamukē | aliqhamukanga | elingaqhamukanga | lingaqhamukanga |
| Class 6 | aqhamukile, aqhamukē | aqhamukile, aqhamukē | eqhamukile, eqhamukē | awaqhamukanga | angaqhamukanga | engaqhamukanga |
| Class 7 | siqhamukile, siqhamukē | esiqhamukile, esiqhamukē | siqhamukile, siqhamukē | asiqhamukanga | esingaqhamukanga | singaqhamukanga |
| Class 8 | ziqhamukile, ziqhamukē | eziqhamukile, eziqhamukē | ziqhamukile, ziqhamukē | aziqhamukanga | ezingaqhamukanga | zingaqhamukanga |
| Class 9 | iqhamukile, iqhamukē | eqhamukile, eqhamukē | iqhamukile, iqhamukē | ayiqhamukanga | engaqhamukanga | ingaqhamukanga |
| Class 10 | ziqhamukile, ziqhamukē | eziqhamukile, eziqhamukē | ziqhamukile, ziqhamukē | aziqhamukanga | ezingaqhamukanga | zingaqhamukanga |
| Class 11 | luqhamukile, luqhamukē | oluqhamukile, oluqhamukē | luqhamukile, luqhamukē | aluqhamukanga | olungaqhamukanga | lungaqhamukanga |
| Class 14 | buqhamukile, buqhamukē | obuqhamukile, obuqhamukē | buqhamukile, buqhamukē | abuqhamukanga | obungaqhamukanga | bungaqhamukanga |
| Class 15 | kuqhamukile, kuqhamukē | okuqhamukile, okuqhamukē | kuqhamukile, kuqhamukē | akuqhamukanga | okungaqhamukanga | kungaqhamukanga |
| Class 17 | kuqhamukile, kuqhamukē | okuqhamukile, okuqhamukē | kuqhamukile, kuqhamukē | akuqhamukanga | okungaqhamukanga | kungaqhamukanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqhamuka | engāqhamuka | ngāqhamuka | angiqhamukanga | engingaqhamukanga | ngingaqhamukanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqhamuka | owāqhamuka | wāqhamuka | awuqhamukanga | ongaqhamukanga | ungaqhamukanga |
| 1st plural | sāqhamuka | esāqhamuka | sāqhamuka | asiqhamukanga | esingaqhamukanga | singaqhamukanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqhamuka | enāqhamuka | nāqhamuka | aniqhamukanga | eningaqhamukanga | ningaqhamukanga |
| Class 1 | wāqhamuka | owāqhamuka | āqhamuka | akaqhamukanga | ongaqhamukanga | engaqhamukanga |
| Class 2 | bāqhamuka | abāqhamuka | bāqhamuka | abaqhamukanga | abangaqhamukanga | bengaqhamukanga |
| Class 3 | wāqhamuka | owāqhamuka | wāqhamuka | awuqhamukanga | ongaqhamukanga | ungaqhamukanga |
| Class 4 | yāqhamuka | eyāqhamuka | yāqhamuka | ayiqhamukanga | engaqhamukanga | ingaqhamukanga |
| Class 5 | lāqhamuka | elāqhamuka | lāqhamuka | aliqhamukanga | elingaqhamukanga | lingaqhamukanga |
| Class 6 | āqhamuka | āqhamuka | āqhamuka | awaqhamukanga | angaqhamukanga | engaqhamukanga |
| Class 7 | sāqhamuka | esāqhamuka | sāqhamuka | asiqhamukanga | esingaqhamukanga | singaqhamukanga |
| Class 8 | zāqhamuka | ezāqhamuka | zāqhamuka | aziqhamukanga | ezingaqhamukanga | zingaqhamukanga |
| Class 9 | yāqhamuka | eyāqhamuka | yāqhamuka | ayiqhamukanga | engaqhamukanga | ingaqhamukanga |
| Class 10 | zāqhamuka | ezāqhamuka | zāqhamuka | aziqhamukanga | ezingaqhamukanga | zingaqhamukanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqhamuka | olwāqhamuka | lwāqhamuka | aluqhamukanga | olungaqhamukanga | lungaqhamukanga |
| Class 14 | bāqhamuka | obāqhamuka | bāqhamuka | abuqhamukanga | obungaqhamukanga | bungaqhamukanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqhamuka | okwāqhamuka | kwāqhamuka | akuqhamukanga | okungaqhamukanga | kungaqhamukanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqhamuka | okwāqhamuka | kwāqhamuka | akuqhamukanga | okungaqhamukanga | kungaqhamukanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqhamuka | — | ngingaqhamuka | ngingeqhamuke | — | ngingeqhamuke |
| 2nd singular | ungaqhamuka | — | ungaqhamuka | ungeqhamuke | — | ungeqhamuke |
| 1st plural | singaqhamuka | — | singaqhamuka | singeqhamuke | — | singeqhamuke |
| 2nd plural | ningaqhamuka | — | ningaqhamuka | ningeqhamuke | — | ningeqhamuke |
| Class 1 | angaqhamuka | — | engaqhamuka | angeqhamuke | — | engeqhamuke |
| Class 2 | bangaqhamuka | — | bengaqhamuka | bangeqhamuke | — | bengeqhamuke |
| Class 3 | ungaqhamuka | — | ungaqhamuka | ungeqhamuke | — | ungeqhamuke |
| Class 4 | ingaqhamuka | — | ingaqhamuka | ingeqhamuke | — | ingeqhamuke |
| Class 5 | lingaqhamuka | — | lingaqhamuka | lingeqhamuke | — | lingeqhamuke |
| Class 6 | angaqhamuka | — | engaqhamuka | angeqhamuke | — | engeqhamuke |
| Class 7 | singaqhamuka | — | singaqhamuka | singeqhamuke | — | singeqhamuke |
| Class 8 | zingaqhamuka | — | zingaqhamuka | zingeqhamuke | — | zingeqhamuke |
| Class 9 | ingaqhamuka | — | ingaqhamuka | ingeqhamuke | — | ingeqhamuke |
| Class 10 | zingaqhamuka | — | zingaqhamuka | zingeqhamuke | — | zingeqhamuke |
| Class 11 | lungaqhamuka | — | lungaqhamuka | lungeqhamuke | — | lungeqhamuke |
| Class 14 | bungaqhamuka | — | bungaqhamuka | bungeqhamuke | — | bungeqhamuke |
| Class 15 | kungaqhamuka | — | kungaqhamuka | kungeqhamuke | — | kungeqhamuke |
| Class 17 | kungaqhamuka | — | kungaqhamuka | kungeqhamuke | — | kungeqhamuke |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqhamuka | engizoqhamuka | ngizoqhamuka | angizuqhamuka | engingezuqhamuka | ngingezuqhamuka |
| 2nd singular | uzoqhamuka | ozoqhamuka | uzoqhamuka | awuzuqhamuka | ongezuqhamuka | ungezuqhamuka |
| 1st plural | sizoqhamuka | esizoqhamuka | sizoqhamuka | asizuqhamuka | esingezuqhamuka | singezuqhamuka |
| 2nd plural | nizoqhamuka | enizoqhamuka | nizoqhamuka | anizuqhamuka | eningezuqhamuka | ningezuqhamuka |
| Class 1 | uzoqhamuka | ozoqhamuka | ezoqhamuka | akazuqhamuka | ongezuqhamuka | engezuqhamuka |
| Class 2 | bazoqhamuka | abazoqhamuka | bezoqhamuka | abazuqhamuka | abangezuqhamuka | bengezuqhamuka |
| Class 3 | uzoqhamuka | ozoqhamuka | uzoqhamuka | awuzuqhamuka | ongezuqhamuka | ungezuqhamuka |
| Class 4 | izoqhamuka | ezoqhamuka | izoqhamuka | ayizuqhamuka | engezuqhamuka | ingezuqhamuka |
| Class 5 | lizoqhamuka | elizoqhamuka | lizoqhamuka | alizuqhamuka | elingezuqhamuka | lingezuqhamuka |
| Class 6 | azoqhamuka | azoqhamuka | ezoqhamuka | awazuqhamuka | angezuqhamuka | engezuqhamuka |
| Class 7 | sizoqhamuka | esizoqhamuka | sizoqhamuka | asizuqhamuka | esingezuqhamuka | singezuqhamuka |
| Class 8 | zizoqhamuka | ezizoqhamuka | zizoqhamuka | azizuqhamuka | ezingezuqhamuka | zingezuqhamuka |
| Class 9 | izoqhamuka | ezoqhamuka | izoqhamuka | ayizuqhamuka | engezuqhamuka | ingezuqhamuka |
| Class 10 | zizoqhamuka | ezizoqhamuka | zizoqhamuka | azizuqhamuka | ezingezuqhamuka | zingezuqhamuka |
| Class 11 | luzoqhamuka | oluzoqhamuka | luzoqhamuka | aluzuqhamuka | olungezuqhamuka | lungezuqhamuka |
| Class 14 | buzoqhamuka | obuzoqhamuka | buzoqhamuka | abuzuqhamuka | obungezuqhamuka | bungezuqhamuka |
| Class 15 | kuzoqhamuka | okuzoqhamuka | kuzoqhamuka | akuzuqhamuka | okungezuqhamuka | kungezuqhamuka |
| Class 17 | kuzoqhamuka | okuzoqhamuka | kuzoqhamuka | akuzuqhamuka | okungezuqhamuka | kungezuqhamuka |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqhamuka | engiyoqhamuka | ngiyoqhamuka | angiyuqhamuka | engingeyuqhamuka | ngingeyuqhamuka |
| 2nd singular | uyoqhamuka | oyoqhamuka | uyoqhamuka | awuyuqhamuka | ongeyuqhamuka | ungeyuqhamuka |
| 1st plural | siyoqhamuka | esiyoqhamuka | siyoqhamuka | asiyuqhamuka | esingeyuqhamuka | singeyuqhamuka |
| 2nd plural | niyoqhamuka | eniyoqhamuka | niyoqhamuka | aniyuqhamuka | eningeyuqhamuka | ningeyuqhamuka |
| Class 1 | uyoqhamuka | oyoqhamuka | eyoqhamuka | akayuqhamuka | ongeyuqhamuka | engeyuqhamuka |
| Class 2 | bayoqhamuka | abayoqhamuka | beyoqhamuka | abayuqhamuka | abangeyuqhamuka | bengeyuqhamuka |
| Class 3 | uyoqhamuka | oyoqhamuka | uyoqhamuka | awuyuqhamuka | ongeyuqhamuka | ungeyuqhamuka |
| Class 4 | iyoqhamuka | eyoqhamuka | iyoqhamuka | ayiyuqhamuka | engeyuqhamuka | ingeyuqhamuka |
| Class 5 | liyoqhamuka | eliyoqhamuka | liyoqhamuka | aliyuqhamuka | elingeyuqhamuka | lingeyuqhamuka |
| Class 6 | ayoqhamuka | ayoqhamuka | eyoqhamuka | awayuqhamuka | angeyuqhamuka | engeyuqhamuka |
| Class 7 | siyoqhamuka | esiyoqhamuka | siyoqhamuka | asiyuqhamuka | esingeyuqhamuka | singeyuqhamuka |
| Class 8 | ziyoqhamuka | eziyoqhamuka | ziyoqhamuka | aziyuqhamuka | ezingeyuqhamuka | zingeyuqhamuka |
| Class 9 | iyoqhamuka | eyoqhamuka | iyoqhamuka | ayiyuqhamuka | engeyuqhamuka | ingeyuqhamuka |
| Class 10 | ziyoqhamuka | eziyoqhamuka | ziyoqhamuka | aziyuqhamuka | ezingeyuqhamuka | zingeyuqhamuka |
| Class 11 | luyoqhamuka | oluyoqhamuka | luyoqhamuka | aluyuqhamuka | olungeyuqhamuka | lungeyuqhamuka |
| Class 14 | buyoqhamuka | obuyoqhamuka | buyoqhamuka | abuyuqhamuka | obungeyuqhamuka | bungeyuqhamuka |
| Class 15 | kuyoqhamuka | okuyoqhamuka | kuyoqhamuka | akuyuqhamuka | okungeyuqhamuka | kungeyuqhamuka |
| Class 17 | kuyoqhamuka | okuyoqhamuka | kuyoqhamuka | akuyuqhamuka | okungeyuqhamuka | kungeyuqhamuka |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqhamuke | ngingaqhamuki |
| 2nd singular | uqhamuke | ungaqhamuki |
| 1st plural | siqhamuke | singaqhamuki |
| 2nd plural | niqhamuke | ningaqhamuki |
| Class 1 | aqhamuke | angaqhamuki |
| Class 2 | baqhamuke | bangaqhamuki |
| Class 3 | uqhamuke | ungaqhamuki |
| Class 4 | iqhamuke | ingaqhamuki |
| Class 5 | liqhamuke | lingaqhamuki |
| Class 6 | aqhamuke | angaqhamuki |
| Class 7 | siqhamuke | singaqhamuki |
| Class 8 | ziqhamuke | zingaqhamuki |
| Class 9 | iqhamuke | ingaqhamuki |
| Class 10 | ziqhamuke | zingaqhamuki |
| Class 11 | luqhamuke | lungaqhamuki |
| Class 14 | buqhamuke | bungaqhamuki |
| Class 15 | kuqhamuke | kungaqhamuki |
| Class 17 | kuqhamuke | kungaqhamuki |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqhamuka | ngangaqhamuka, angaqhamuka, angangaqhamuka |
| 2nd singular | waqhamuka | wangaqhamuka, awaqhamuka, awangaqhamuka |
| 1st plural | saqhamuka | sangaqhamuka, asaqhamuka, asangaqhamuka |
| 2nd plural | naqhamuka | nangaqhamuka, anaqhamuka, anangaqhamuka |
| Class 1 | waqhamuka | wangaqhamuka, akaqhamuka, akangaqhamuka |
| Class 2 | baqhamuka | bangaqhamuka, abaqhamuka, abangaqhamuka |
| Class 3 | waqhamuka | wangaqhamuka, awaqhamuka, awangaqhamuka |
| Class 4 | yaqhamuka | yangaqhamuka, ayaqhamuka, ayangaqhamuka |
| Class 5 | laqhamuka | langaqhamuka, alaqhamuka, alangaqhamuka |
| Class 6 | aqhamuka | angaqhamuka, awaqhamuka, awangaqhamuka |
| Class 7 | saqhamuka | sangaqhamuka, asaqhamuka, asangaqhamuka |
| Class 8 | zaqhamuka | zangaqhamuka, azaqhamuka, azangaqhamuka |
| Class 9 | yaqhamuka | yangaqhamuka, ayaqhamuka, ayangaqhamuka |
| Class 10 | zaqhamuka | zangaqhamuka, azaqhamuka, azangaqhamuka |
| Class 11 | lwaqhamuka | lwangaqhamuka, alwaqhamuka, alwangaqhamuka |
| Class 14 | baqhamuka | bangaqhamuka, abaqhamuka, abangaqhamuka |
| Class 15 | kwaqhamuka | kwangaqhamuka, akwaqhamuka, akwangaqhamuka |
| Class 17 | kwaqhamuka | kwangaqhamuka, akwaqhamuka, akwangaqhamuka |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhamuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhamuka (3.2.9)”