# thosa
## Zulu
### Etymology

Borrowed from English toast.

### Verb

-thósa
* (transitive) to fry, to roast, to thost

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuthosa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuthosa | ukungathosi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | thosa | -those |
| Plural | thosani | -thoseni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyathosa, ngithosa | engithosayo, engithosa | ngithosa | angithosi | engingathosi | ngingathosi |
| 2nd singular | uyathosa, uthosa | othosayo, othosa | uthosa | awuthosi | ongathosi | ungathosi |
| 1st plural | siyathosa, sithosa | esithosayo, esithosa | sithosa | asithosi | esingathosi | singathosi |
| 2nd plural | niyathosa, nithosa | enithosayo, enithosa | nithosa | anithosi | eningathosi | ningathosi |
| Class 1 | uyathosa, uthosa | othosayo, othosa | ethosa | akathosi | ongathosi | engathosi |
| Class 2 | bayathosa, bathosa | abathosayo, abathosa | bethosa | abathosi | abangathosi | bengathosi |
| Class 3 | uyathosa, uthosa | othosayo, othosa | uthosa | awuthosi | ongathosi | ungathosi |
| Class 4 | iyathosa, ithosa | ethosayo, ethosa | ithosa | ayithosi | engathosi | ingathosi |
| Class 5 | liyathosa, lithosa | elithosayo, elithosa | lithosa | alithosi | elingathosi | lingathosi |
| Class 6 | ayathosa, athosa | athosayo, athosa | ethosa | awathosi | angathosi | engathosi |
| Class 7 | siyathosa, sithosa | esithosayo, esithosa | sithosa | asithosi | esingathosi | singathosi |
| Class 8 | ziyathosa, zithosa | ezithosayo, ezithosa | zithosa | azithosi | ezingathosi | zingathosi |
| Class 9 | iyathosa, ithosa | ethosayo, ethosa | ithosa | ayithosi | engathosi | ingathosi |
| Class 10 | ziyathosa, zithosa | ezithosayo, ezithosa | zithosa | azithosi | ezingathosi | zingathosi |
| Class 11 | luyathosa, luthosa | oluthosayo, oluthosa | luthosa | aluthosi | olungathosi | lungathosi |
| Class 14 | buyathosa, buthosa | obuthosayo, obuthosa | buthosa | abuthosi | obungathosi | bungathosi |
| Class 15 | kuyathosa, kuthosa | okuthosayo, okuthosa | kuthosa | akuthosi | okungathosi | kungathosi |
| Class 17 | kuyathosa, kuthosa | okuthosayo, okuthosa | kuthosa | akuthosi | okungathosi | kungathosi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngithosile, ngithosē | engithosile, engithosē | ngithosile, ngithosē | angithosanga | engingathosanga | ngingathosanga |
| 2nd singular | uthosile, uthosē | othosile, othosē | uthosile, uthosē | awuthosanga | ongathosanga | ungathosanga |
| 1st plural | sithosile, sithosē | esithosile, esithosē | sithosile, sithosē | asithosanga | esingathosanga | singathosanga |
| 2nd plural | nithosile, nithosē | enithosile, enithosē | nithosile, nithosē | anithosanga | eningathosanga | ningathosanga |
| Class 1 | uthosile, uthosē | othosile, othosē | ethosile, ethosē | akathosanga | ongathosanga | engathosanga |
| Class 2 | bathosile, bathosē | abathosile, abathosē | bethosile, bethosē | abathosanga | abangathosanga | bengathosanga |
| Class 3 | uthosile, uthosē | othosile, othosē | uthosile, uthosē | awuthosanga | ongathosanga | ungathosanga |
| Class 4 | ithosile, ithosē | ethosile, ethosē | ithosile, ithosē | ayithosanga | engathosanga | ingathosanga |
| Class 5 | lithosile, lithosē | elithosile, elithosē | lithosile, lithosē | alithosanga | elingathosanga | lingathosanga |
| Class 6 | athosile, athosē | athosile, athosē | ethosile, ethosē | awathosanga | angathosanga | engathosanga |
| Class 7 | sithosile, sithosē | esithosile, esithosē | sithosile, sithosē | asithosanga | esingathosanga | singathosanga |
| Class 8 | zithosile, zithosē | ezithosile, ezithosē | zithosile, zithosē | azithosanga | ezingathosanga | zingathosanga |
| Class 9 | ithosile, ithosē | ethosile, ethosē | ithosile, ithosē | ayithosanga | engathosanga | ingathosanga |
| Class 10 | zithosile, zithosē | ezithosile, ezithosē | zithosile, zithosē | azithosanga | ezingathosanga | zingathosanga |
| Class 11 | luthosile, luthosē | oluthosile, oluthosē | luthosile, luthosē | aluthosanga | olungathosanga | lungathosanga |
| Class 14 | buthosile, buthosē | obuthosile, obuthosē | buthosile, buthosē | abuthosanga | obungathosanga | bungathosanga |
| Class 15 | kuthosile, kuthosē | okuthosile, okuthosē | kuthosile, kuthosē | akuthosanga | okungathosanga | kungathosanga |
| Class 17 | kuthosile, kuthosē | okuthosile, okuthosē | kuthosile, kuthosē | akuthosanga | okungathosanga | kungathosanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāthosa | engāthosa | ngāthosa | angithosanga | engingathosanga | ngingathosanga |
| 2nd singular | wāthosa | owāthosa | wāthosa | awuthosanga | ongathosanga | ungathosanga |
| 1st plural | sāthosa | esāthosa | sāthosa | asithosanga | esingathosanga | singathosanga |
| 2nd plural | nāthosa | enāthosa | nāthosa | anithosanga | eningathosanga | ningathosanga |
| Class 1 | wāthosa | owāthosa | āthosa | akathosanga | ongathosanga | engathosanga |
| Class 2 | bāthosa | abāthosa | bāthosa | abathosanga | abangathosanga | bengathosanga |
| Class 3 | wāthosa | owāthosa | wāthosa | awuthosanga | ongathosanga | ungathosanga |
| Class 4 | yāthosa | eyāthosa | yāthosa | ayithosanga | engathosanga | ingathosanga |
| Class 5 | lāthosa | elāthosa | lāthosa | alithosanga | elingathosanga | lingathosanga |
| Class 6 | āthosa | āthosa | āthosa | awathosanga | angathosanga | engathosanga |
| Class 7 | sāthosa | esāthosa | sāthosa | asithosanga | esingathosanga | singathosanga |
| Class 8 | zāthosa | ezāthosa | zāthosa | azithosanga | ezingathosanga | zingathosanga |
| Class 9 | yāthosa | eyāthosa | yāthosa | ayithosanga | engathosanga | ingathosanga |
| Class 10 | zāthosa | ezāthosa | zāthosa | azithosanga | ezingathosanga | zingathosanga |
| Class 11 | lwāthosa | olwāthosa | lwāthosa | aluthosanga | olungathosanga | lungathosanga |
| Class 14 | bāthosa | obāthosa | bāthosa | abuthosanga | obungathosanga | bungathosanga |
| Class 15 | kwāthosa | okwāthosa | kwāthosa | akuthosanga | okungathosanga | kungathosanga |
| Class 17 | kwāthosa | okwāthosa | kwāthosa | akuthosanga | okungathosanga | kungathosanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingathosa | — | ngingathosa | ngingethose | — | ngingethose |
| 2nd singular | ungathosa | — | ungathosa | ungethose | — | ungethose |
| 1st plural | singathosa | — | singathosa | singethose | — | singethose |
| 2nd plural | ningathosa | — | ningathosa | ningethose | — | ningethose |
| Class 1 | angathosa | — | engathosa | angethose | — | engethose |
| Class 2 | bangathosa | — | bengathosa | bangethose | — | bengethose |
| Class 3 | ungathosa | — | ungathosa | ungethose | — | ungethose |
| Class 4 | ingathosa | — | ingathosa | ingethose | — | ingethose |
| Class 5 | lingathosa | — | lingathosa | lingethose | — | lingethose |
| Class 6 | angathosa | — | engathosa | angethose | — | engethose |
| Class 7 | singathosa | — | singathosa | singethose | — | singethose |
| Class 8 | zingathosa | — | zingathosa | zingethose | — | zingethose |
| Class 9 | ingathosa | — | ingathosa | ingethose | — | ingethose |
| Class 10 | zingathosa | — | zingathosa | zingethose | — | zingethose |
| Class 11 | lungathosa | — | lungathosa | lungethose | — | lungethose |
| Class 14 | bungathosa | — | bungathosa | bungethose | — | bungethose |
| Class 15 | kungathosa | — | kungathosa | kungethose | — | kungethose |
| Class 17 | kungathosa | — | kungathosa | kungethose | — | kungethose |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizothosa | engizothosa | ngizothosa | angizuthosa | engingezuthosa | ngingezuthosa |
| 2nd singular | uzothosa | ozothosa | uzothosa | awuzuthosa | ongezuthosa | ungezuthosa |
| 1st plural | sizothosa | esizothosa | sizothosa | asizuthosa | esingezuthosa | singezuthosa |
| 2nd plural | nizothosa | enizothosa | nizothosa | anizuthosa | eningezuthosa | ningezuthosa |
| Class 1 | uzothosa | ozothosa | ezothosa | akazuthosa | ongezuthosa | engezuthosa |
| Class 2 | bazothosa | abazothosa | bezothosa | abazuthosa | abangezuthosa | bengezuthosa |
| Class 3 | uzothosa | ozothosa | uzothosa | awuzuthosa | ongezuthosa | ungezuthosa |
| Class 4 | izothosa | ezothosa | izothosa | ayizuthosa | engezuthosa | ingezuthosa |
| Class 5 | lizothosa | elizothosa | lizothosa | alizuthosa | elingezuthosa | lingezuthosa |
| Class 6 | azothosa | azothosa | ezothosa | awazuthosa | angezuthosa | engezuthosa |
| Class 7 | sizothosa | esizothosa | sizothosa | asizuthosa | esingezuthosa | singezuthosa |
| Class 8 | zizothosa | ezizothosa | zizothosa | azizuthosa | ezingezuthosa | zingezuthosa |
| Class 9 | izothosa | ezothosa | izothosa | ayizuthosa | engezuthosa | ingezuthosa |
| Class 10 | zizothosa | ezizothosa | zizothosa | azizuthosa | ezingezuthosa | zingezuthosa |
| Class 11 | luzothosa | oluzothosa | luzothosa | aluzuthosa | olungezuthosa | lungezuthosa |
| Class 14 | buzothosa | obuzothosa | buzothosa | abuzuthosa | obungezuthosa | bungezuthosa |
| Class 15 | kuzothosa | okuzothosa | kuzothosa | akuzuthosa | okungezuthosa | kungezuthosa |
| Class 17 | kuzothosa | okuzothosa | kuzothosa | akuzuthosa | okungezuthosa | kungezuthosa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyothosa | engiyothosa | ngiyothosa | angiyuthosa | engingeyuthosa | ngingeyuthosa |
| 2nd singular | uyothosa | oyothosa | uyothosa | awuyuthosa | ongeyuthosa | ungeyuthosa |
| 1st plural | siyothosa | esiyothosa | siyothosa | asiyuthosa | esingeyuthosa | singeyuthosa |
| 2nd plural | niyothosa | eniyothosa | niyothosa | aniyuthosa | eningeyuthosa | ningeyuthosa |
| Class 1 | uyothosa | oyothosa | eyothosa | akayuthosa | ongeyuthosa | engeyuthosa |
| Class 2 | bayothosa | abayothosa | beyothosa | abayuthosa | abangeyuthosa | bengeyuthosa |
| Class 3 | uyothosa | oyothosa | uyothosa | awuyuthosa | ongeyuthosa | ungeyuthosa |
| Class 4 | iyothosa | eyothosa | iyothosa | ayiyuthosa | engeyuthosa | ingeyuthosa |
| Class 5 | liyothosa | eliyothosa | liyothosa | aliyuthosa | elingeyuthosa | lingeyuthosa |
| Class 6 | ayothosa | ayothosa | eyothosa | awayuthosa | angeyuthosa | engeyuthosa |
| Class 7 | siyothosa | esiyothosa | siyothosa | asiyuthosa | esingeyuthosa | singeyuthosa |
| Class 8 | ziyothosa | eziyothosa | ziyothosa | aziyuthosa | ezingeyuthosa | zingeyuthosa |
| Class 9 | iyothosa | eyothosa | iyothosa | ayiyuthosa | engeyuthosa | ingeyuthosa |
| Class 10 | ziyothosa | eziyothosa | ziyothosa | aziyuthosa | ezingeyuthosa | zingeyuthosa |
| Class 11 | luyothosa | oluyothosa | luyothosa | aluyuthosa | olungeyuthosa | lungeyuthosa |
| Class 14 | buyothosa | obuyothosa | buyothosa | abuyuthosa | obungeyuthosa | bungeyuthosa |
| Class 15 | kuyothosa | okuyothosa | kuyothosa | akuyuthosa | okungeyuthosa | kungeyuthosa |
| Class 17 | kuyothosa | okuyothosa | kuyothosa | akuyuthosa | okungeyuthosa | kungeyuthosa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngithose | ngingathosi |
| 2nd singular | uthose | ungathosi |
| 1st plural | sithose | singathosi |
| 2nd plural | nithose | ningathosi |
| Class 1 | athose | angathosi |
| Class 2 | bathose | bangathosi |
| Class 3 | uthose | ungathosi |
| Class 4 | ithose | ingathosi |
| Class 5 | lithose | lingathosi |
| Class 6 | athose | angathosi |
| Class 7 | sithose | singathosi |
| Class 8 | zithose | zingathosi |
| Class 9 | ithose | ingathosi |
| Class 10 | zithose | zingathosi |
| Class 11 | luthose | lungathosi |
| Class 14 | buthose | bungathosi |
| Class 15 | kuthose | kungathosi |
| Class 17 | kuthose | kungathosi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngathosa | ngangathosa, angathosa, angangathosa |
| 2nd singular | wathosa | wangathosa, awathosa, awangathosa |
| 1st plural | sathosa | sangathosa, asathosa, asangathosa |
| 2nd plural | nathosa | nangathosa, anathosa, anangathosa |
| Class 1 | wathosa | wangathosa, akathosa, akangathosa |
| Class 2 | bathosa | bangathosa, abathosa, abangathosa |
| Class 3 | wathosa | wangathosa, awathosa, awangathosa |
| Class 4 | yathosa | yangathosa, ayathosa, ayangathosa |
| Class 5 | lathosa | langathosa, alathosa, alangathosa |
| Class 6 | athosa | angathosa, awathosa, awangathosa |
| Class 7 | sathosa | sangathosa, asathosa, asangathosa |
| Class 8 | zathosa | zangathosa, azathosa, azangathosa |
| Class 9 | yathosa | yangathosa, ayathosa, ayangathosa |
| Class 10 | zathosa | zangathosa, azathosa, azangathosa |
| Class 11 | lwathosa | lwangathosa, alwathosa, alwangathosa |
| Class 14 | bathosa | bangathosa, abathosa, abangathosa |
| Class 15 | kwathosa | kwangathosa, akwathosa, akwangathosa |
| Class 17 | kwathosa | kwangathosa, akwathosa, akwangathosa |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “thosa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “thosa (3.9)”