# 嘗

| 嘗 | U+5617, &#22039; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5617 |
| ← 嘖 [U+5616] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 嘘 → [U+5618] |

## Translingual
### Han character

嘗 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+11, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火月口心日 (FBRPA), four-corner 9060$_1$, composition ⿱𫩠旨)

#### Derived characters

* 嚐, 鱨(鲿)

#### Related characters

* 尝 (Simplified Chinese)
* 嚐, 甞 (Variant forms)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 206, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4205
* Dae Jaweon: page 429, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1529, character 9
* Unihan data for U+5617

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 嘗 :
| Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 當 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 襠 | *taːŋ |
| 鐺 | *taːŋ, *sʰraːŋ |
| 簹 | *taːŋ |
| 璫 | *taːŋ |
| 檔 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 儅 | *taːŋ, *taːŋs |
| 蟷 | *taːŋ |
| 擋 | *taːŋʔ, *taːŋs |
| 黨 | *taːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 讜 | *taːŋʔ |
| 欓 | *taːŋʔ |
| 譡 | *taːŋs |
| 闣 | *taːŋs |
| 瓽 | *taːŋs |
| 鏜 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 闛 | *tʰaːŋ, *daːŋ |
| 鼞 | *tʰaːŋ |
| 曭 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 儻 | *tʰaːŋʔ, *tʰaːŋs |
| 戃 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 矘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 爣 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 攩 | *hl'aːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋʔ, *ɦʷlaːŋs |
| 淌 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 倘 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 躺 | *tʰaːŋʔ |
| 趟 | *tʰaːŋs, *rtaːŋ, *rtaːŋs |
| 堂 | *daːŋ |
| 坣 | *daːŋ |
| 棠 | *daːŋ |
| 糛 | *daːŋ |
| 螳 | *daːŋ |
| 隚 | *daːŋ |
| 橖 | *daːŋ |
| 掌 | *tjaŋʔ |
| 廠 | *tʰjaŋʔ, *tʰjaŋs |
| 敞 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 僘 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 氅 | *tʰjaŋʔ |
| 常 | *djaŋ |
| 嘗 | *djaŋ |
| 裳 | *djaŋ |
| 徜 | *djaŋ |
| 尚 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 甞 | *djaŋ |
| 鋿 | *djaŋ |
| 嫦 | *djaŋ |
| 償 | *djaŋ, *djaŋs |
| 賞 | *hjaŋʔ |
| 瞠 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 撐 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 樘 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 橕 | *rtʰaːŋ |
| 牚 | *rtʰaːŋs |
| 埫 | *tʰoŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *djaŋ) : phonetic 尚 (OC *djaŋ, *djaŋs) + semantic 旨 (“will; intention”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cháng (chang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): soeng$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sòng
* Eastern Min (BUC): siòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): siông / siâng / chn̂g / sióng / siáng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sion$^5$ / siên$^5$ / siang$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$zaon / $^2$zan; $^2$zaon
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cháng
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cháng
*** Wade–Giles: chʻang$^2$
*** Yale: cháng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charng
*** Palladius: чан (čan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: soeng$^4$
*** Yale: sèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: soeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: sêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /sœːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: song$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: song$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /soŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: siòng
*** Sinological IPA : /suoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siông
*** Tâi-lô: siông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioong
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /siɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɔŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siâng
*** Tâi-lô: siâng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siaang
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chn̂g
*** Tâi-lô: tsn̂g
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zngg
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /t͡sŋ̍²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sŋ̍²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sŋ̍¹³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sióng
*** Tâi-lô: sióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siorng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /siɔŋ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: siáng
*** Tâi-lô: siáng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: siarng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /siaŋ⁵³/
* siông/siâng - literary;
* chn̂g - vernacular;
* sióng/siáng - vernacular (俗).
* Middle Chinese: dzyang
Rime :
| Character | 嘗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 市羊切 |
| Baxter | dzyang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʑɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ʑiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʑiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡ʑɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /ʑiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /ʑĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʑi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cháng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | soeng$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*Cə.daŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*djaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 嘗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cháng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzyang › |
| Old Chinese | /*Cə.daŋ/ |
| English | taste (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 嘗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11153 |
| Phonetic component | 尚 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 常 |
| Old Chinese | /*djaŋ/ |
| Notes | 同甞 |

### Definitions

嘗
* to taste; to try the flavour
    alt. forms: 嚐／尝 (cháng)
       Lái cháng cháng zhège dàngāo ba. [Pinyin]
       Come and have a taste of this cake.
    From: Shi Nai'an, Water Margin, circa 14th century CE
    Nǐ qiě duō yī píng yùjiǔ guòlái, wǒ xiān cháng yī cháng zīwèi. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* to attempt; to try
* to experience
    嘗到甜頭／尝到甜头 ― cháng dào tiántóu ― to come to know the benefits
    嘗盡辛酸／尝尽辛酸 ― cháng jìn xīnsuān ― to experience all kinds of hardship
* (literary) ever; once
    何嘗／何尝 ― hécháng ― ever so
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Wú cháng zhōngrì ér sī yǐ, bùrú xūyú zhī suǒ xué yě. [Pinyin]
    I have once engaged in thinking for the whole day, and it cannot compare with a moment of learning.
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Wáng Huān zhāomù xiàn, fǎn Qí Téng zhī lù, wèicháng yǔ zhī yán xíngshì yě. [Pinyin]
    Wang Huan, morning and evening, waited upon Mencius, who, during all the way to Teng and back, never spoke to him about the business of their mission.
* a surname

#### Synonyms

* (to taste):
* 品味 (pǐnwèi)
* 品嘗／品尝 (pǐncháng)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 嘗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 嘗 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 嘗 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 嘗 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 嘗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 嘗 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 嘗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 嘗 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 嘗 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 試 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 試 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 試, 嘗 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 嘗 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 嘗 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 嘗 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 嘗 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 嘗, 咂, 試 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 試, 啖 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 試, 嘗 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 嘗 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 嘗 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 試 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 試, 嘗 |
* (to attempt):
* 企圖／企图 (qǐtú)
* 嘗試／尝试 (chángshì)
* 希圖／希图 (xītú)
* 筶 (Sichuanese)
* 試／试 (shì)
* 試圖／试图 (shìtú)
* 試試／试试 (shìshi) (colloquial)
* (to experience): 感受 (gǎnshòu)
* (ever):
* 上早 (Hakka)
* 以前 (yǐqián)
* 先前 (xiānqián)
* 先行 (xiānxíng) (literary)
* 其先 (qíxiān) (literary)
* 前往 (qiánwǎng) (literary)
* 原在 (Hakka)
* 古者 (gǔzhě) (archaic)
* 向來／向来 (xiànglái) (archaic)
* 在前 (zàiqián)
* 家先 (Hakka)
* 往擺／往摆 (Hakka, Hokkien)
* 往擺仔／往摆仔 (Hokkien)
* 往者 (wǎngzhě) (literary)
* 往過／往过 (Hokkien)
* 往過仔／往过仔 (Hokkien)
* 從前／从前 (cóngqián)
* 早先 (zǎoxiān)
* 早年所 (Hokkien)
* 早時／早时 (Hokkien)
* 昔日 (xīrì) (literary)
* 昔時／昔时 (xīshí) (literary)
* 曾
* 曾經／曾经 (céngjīng)
* 當初／当初 (dāngchū)
* 舊擺／旧摆 (Singapore Hokkien)
* 舊早／旧早 (Singapore Hokkien)
* 過前／过前 (Hainanese)

### Compounds

* 何嘗／何尝 (hécháng)
* 佐饔得嘗／佐饔得尝
* 備嘗憂患／备尝忧患
* 備嘗艱苦／备尝艰苦
* 備嘗辛苦／备尝辛苦
* 品嘗／品尝 (pǐncháng)
* 嘗嘗／尝尝
* 嘗巧／尝巧
* 嘗敵／尝敌
* 嘗新／尝新 (chángxīn)
* 嘗湯戲／尝汤戏
* 嘗甜頭／尝甜头
* 嘗膳／尝膳
* 嘗膽／尝胆
* 嘗膽臥薪／尝胆卧薪
* 嘗草／尝草
* 嘗藥／尝药
* 嘗試／尝试 (chángshì)
* 嘗酸／尝酸
* 嘗鼎一臠／尝鼎一脔 (chángdǐngyīluán)
* 坐薪嘗膽／坐薪尝胆
* 奉蒸嘗／奉蒸尝
* 孟嘗君／孟尝君
* 得未嘗有／得未尝有
* 未嘗／未尝 (wèicháng)
* 未嘗不可／未尝不可 (wèichángbùkě)
* 枕戈嘗膽／枕戈尝胆
* 淺嘗／浅尝
* 淺嘗則止／浅尝则止
* 淺嘗輒止／浅尝辄止 (qiǎnchángzhézhǐ)
* 烝嘗／烝尝
* 臥薪嘗膽／卧薪尝胆 (wòxīnchángdǎn)
* 越王嘗蓼／越王尝蓼

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jinmeiyō kanji)
* once
* before
* formerly
* ever
* never
* ex-
* lick
* lap up
* burn up
* taste
* undergo
* underrate
* despise

#### Readings

* Go-on: じょう (jō)
* Kan-on: しょう (shō)
* Kun: なめる (nameru, 嘗める)、こころみる (kokoromiru, 嘗みる)、かつて (katsute, 嘗て)、にえ (nie, 嘗)

## Korean
### Hanja

嘗 • (sang) (hangeul 상, revised sang, McCune–Reischauer sang)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

嘗: Hán Nôm readings: thường
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.