# 碰

| 碰 | U+78B0, &#30896; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78B0 |
| ← 碯 [U+78AF] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 碱 → [U+78B1] |

## Translingual
### Han character

碰 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 一口廿廿金 (MRTTC), four-corner 1861$_2$, composition ⿰石並)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 832, character 21
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24360
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2440, character 4
* Unihan data for U+78B0

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : semantic 石 (“rock”) + phonetic 並.

### Etymology

Appears in Zihui [Ming dynasty] as 掽, but only attested in literary works since Qing dynasty. Probably a recent colloquial form of 逢 (MC bjowng) (Wang, 1982; Schuessler, 2007).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): pèng (peng$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): pong$^4$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): pung$^3$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): puung$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): pung$^3$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): pung$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): peng$^3$
* Northern Min (KCR): pōng
* Eastern Min (BUC): pâung
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): phòng / pōng / phóng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): pong$^3$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$ban
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): pong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pèng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻêng$^4$
*** Yale: pèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: penq
*** Palladius: пэн (pɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɤŋ⁵¹/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: pong$^4$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: pung
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰoŋ²¹³/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pung$^3$
*** Yale: pung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pung$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰʊŋ³³/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: puung$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɵŋ³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: pung$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuŋ²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: pung$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰʊŋ⁵³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: peng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰə̃ŋ⁴⁵/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: pōng
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔŋ⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: pâung
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑuŋ²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phòng
*** Tâi-lô: phòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoxng
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰɔŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /pʰɔŋ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pōng
*** Tâi-lô: pōng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pong
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /pɔŋ³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pɔŋ²²/
** (Hokkien: Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phóng
*** Tâi-lô: phóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phorng
*** IPA (Singapore): /pʰɔŋ⁴²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: pong$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phòng
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰoŋ²¹³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ban
*** MiniDict: ban$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ban
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /bã²³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: pong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰʊŋ⁴⁵/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /pʰən⁴⁵/

### Definitions

碰
* to collide; to bump; to knock; to touch
* to meet by chance; to bump into; to come across
* to test out; to try one's luck
* to offend; to provoke
* (mahjong) to form a pung

#### Usage notes

* When playing mahjong, a player may say this word as a call when forming a pung off another player's discard

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 遇, 碰, 遭 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 遇, 碰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 遇, 碰 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 遇, 碰 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 遇, 撞 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 遇, 撞 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 遇, 撞 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 遇 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 遇, 撞 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 拄, 撞, 衝, 磅 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 拄, 撞, 衝 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 拄, 衝 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 拄, 撞, 磅 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 拄 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 拄 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 拄, 遇 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 遇, 堵 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 遇 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 遇, 堵 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 堵 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 碰 |

#### Descendants

* → English: pung, pong
* → Japanese: 碰(ポン) (pon)
* → Tagalog: pong

### Compounds

* 冒碰
* 剃頭的碰到禿子／剃头的碰到秃子
* 吃碰
* 啱啱碰著剛剛／啱啱碰着刚刚
* 四處碰壁／四处碰壁
* 心急碰上熱豆腐／心急碰上热豆腐
* 拿雞蛋往石頭上碰／拿鸡蛋往石头上碰
* 東碰西撞／东碰西撞
* 混碰
* 狗碰
* 狗碰頭／狗碰头
* 相碰
* 瞎碰
* 瞎貓碰上死耗子／瞎猫碰上死耗子 (xiāmāo pèngshàng sǐhàozi)
* 瞎貓碰到死老鼠／瞎猫碰到死老鼠
* 硬碰硬 (yìngpèngyìng)
* 碰一鼻子灰
* 碰上 (pèngshàng)
* 碰了
* 碰傷／碰伤
* 碰到 (pèngdào)
* 碰勁／碰劲
* 碰命
* 碰和
* 碰啱
* 碰埋頭／碰埋头
* 碰壁 (pèngbì)
* 碰壺／碰壶
* 碰巧 (pèngqiǎo)
* 碰彩
* 碰手
* 碰撞 (pèngzhuàng)
* 碰擊／碰击
* 碰杯 (pèngbēi)
* 碰櫃酒／碰柜酒
* 碰湖
* 碰牌
* 碰球
* 碰瓷 (pèngcí)
* 碰破頭／碰破头
* 碰硬
* 碰碰和 (pèngpènghú)
* 碰碰胡 (pèngpènghú)
* 碰碰船
* 碰碰車／碰碰车 (pèngpèngchē)
* 碰磕
* 碰股
* 碰著／碰着
* 碰蛋
* 碰見／碰见 (pèngjiàn)
* 碰觸／碰触 (pèngchù)
* 碰軟釘子／碰软钉子
* 碰運氣／碰运气 (pèng yùnqi)
* 碰釘／碰钉
* 碰釘子／碰钉子 (pèngdīngzi)
* 碰鈴／碰铃 (pènglíng)
* 碰鐘／碰钟 (pèngzhōng)
* 碰面 (pèngmiàn)
* 碰響／碰响
* 碰頭／碰头 (pèngtóu)
* 碰頭好兒／碰头好儿
* 碰頭會／碰头会
* 碰頭禮／碰头礼
* 碰鼻
* 碟大碗小磕著碰著／碟大碗小磕着碰着
* 磕碰 (kēpèng)
* 磕碰兒／磕碰儿
* 磕頭碰腦／磕头碰脑
* 腳碰腳／脚碰脚
* 處處碰壁／处处碰壁
* 衝碰／冲碰
* 觸碰／触碰 (chùpèng)
* 跌來碰去／跌来碰去
* 踢踢碰碰
* 雞蛋碰石頭／鸡蛋碰石头
* 頂碰／顶碰
* 頭頭碰著黑／头头碰着黑

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* collide, bump into

#### Readings

* Kan’yō-on: ほう (hō)
* Kun: ぶつかる (butsukaru, 碰かる)、ぶつける (butsukeru, 碰ける)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 碰
* ポン Hyōgai
* irregular
Borrowed from Mandarin 碰 (pèng).
Compare Cantonese 碰 (pung$^3$), Hokkien 碰 (phòng).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ポン [póꜜǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [põ̞ɴ]

### Noun

碰(ポン) • (pon)
* (mahjong) a call for a 明刻 (minkō, “open triplet”) from a discarded tile, compare English pung

#### Coordinate terms

* 吃(チー) (chī)
* 槓(カン) (kan)

#### Derived terms

* 双(シャン)碰(ポン) (shanpon): two-sided wait pattern, winning tile may form a triplet with one or the other pair

### See also

* 刻(コー)子(ツ) (kōtsu, “triplet”)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Vietnamese
### Han character

碰: Hán Nôm readings: bánh, bính
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.