# قلعي
## Arabic
### Etymology

Relative adjective (nisba) composed of قَلْعَة (qalʕa, “a tin-exporting town on the Malacca Peninsula”) +‎ ـِيّ (-iyy), possibly also directly from the Malay kaleng (“tin”), but this word might be etymologically identical to the place name, if it is Kelang, meaning the largest port-town in Malaysia and heavy tin-exporter now and yore and also the whole state of Selangor.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /qal.ʕijj/
* IPA: /qa.la.ʕijj/

### Adjective

قَلْعِيّ or قَلَعِيّ • (qalʕiyy or qalaʕiyy) (feminine قَلْعِيَّة (qalʕiyya) or قَلَعِيَّة (qalaʕiyya), masculine plural قَلْعِيُّونَ (qalʕiyyūna) or قَلَعِيُّونَ (qalaʕiyyūna), feminine plural قَلْعِيَّات (qalʕiyyāt) or قَلَعِيَّات (qalaʕiyyāt)) قَلَعِيّ or قَلْعِيّ • (qalaʕiyy or qalʕiyy) (feminine قَلَعِيَّة (qalaʕiyya) or قَلْعِيَّة (qalʕiyya), masculine plural قَلَعِيُّونَ (qalaʕiyyūna) or قَلْعِيُّونَ (qalʕiyyūna), feminine plural قَلَعِيَّات (qalaʕiyyāt) or قَلْعِيَّات (qalʕiyyāt)) (obsolete)
* relating to the tin-exporting town قَلْعَة (qalʕa)
* relating to tin (رَصَاص قَلَعِيّ (raṣāṣ qalaʕiyy))
** c. 950, أبو دلف مسعر بن مهلهل [ʾAbū Dulaf Misʿar Ibn Muhalhal], edited by Kurd von Schlözer, De itinere Asiatico commentarium‎, published 1845 $^{WC}$ $^{GB}$, pages 18–19:فخرجت إلى الساحل أربد بكلة وهذا أول الهند ومنتهى مسير المراكب لا يتهيّأ لها أن يتجاوزها وألا غرقت قال فلما وصلت إلى كلة رأيته وهي عظيمة عالية السور كثيرة البساتين غزيرة الماء ووجدت بها معدن الرصاص القلعي لا يكون إلا في قلعتها في سائر الدنيا، وفي هذه القلعة تضرب السيوف القلعية، وهي الهندية العتيقة … وأهل هذه القلعة يمتنعون على ملكها إذا أرادوا يطيعونه إن أحبوا ورسمهم رسم الصين في ترك الذبائح وليس في جميع الدنيا معدن الرصاص القلعي إلا في هذه القلعة وبينهما وبين الصين ثلثمائة فرسخ وحولها مدن ورساتيق وقرى ولهم أحكام وحبوس وخبايات وأكلهم البر والتمور وبقولهم كلها تباع وزنا وأرغفة خبزهم تباع عددا ولا حمامات لهم بل عندهم عين جارية يغتسلون فيها ودرهمهم يزن ثلثي درهم ويعرف بالفهري ولهم فلوس يتعاملون بها ويلبسون كأهل الصين الإفرند الصيني المثمن وملكها دون ملك الصين ويخطب لملك الصين وقبلته إليه وبيت عبادته له.And I went off to the dusty shore of Kala, which is the first and ultimate end of India for vessels, as nobody even dares to imagine to pass by it since he would drown. When I arrived at Kala, I conned it and it is large and has high walls, many gardens and plenty of water, and I found mines of tin not found in the rest of the world but in Qalʿa, and in this Qalʿa one forges the Qalʿaite swords, the excellent Indian ones, and the populace of this Qalʿa withstands its king when it wants and abides by him when it lists, and their tradition is like the tradition of China, refraining from slaughtering beasts, and there aren’t in all the world tin mines but in this Qalʿa, and between them two and China are three-hundred parasang, and there are towns, rural districts and villages, and they have jurisdiction, jails, and corbans, and their food is wheat and dates and all their vegetables they buy by scales, and their bread is bread-rolls they buy by count. They have no baths but a running spring in which they wash, and their dirham weighs as a third-dirham and is known as Fahrī, and they have fulūs with which they commerce, and they dress like the people of China in dear Chinese silks, and their king is subordinate to the King of China, reports to the King of China, his praying direction is to him, his place of sacrifice is towards him.
* relating to a certain type of Indian swords (سَيْف قَلَعِيّ (sayf qalaʕiyy))
** c. 950, أبو دلف مسعر بن مهلهل [ʾAbū Dulaf Misʿar Ibn Muhalhal], edited by Kurd von Schlözer, De itinere Asiatico commentarium‎, published 1845 $^{WC}$ $^{GB}$, pages 18–19:فخرجت إلى الساحل أربد بكلة وهذا أول الهند ومنتهى مسير المراكب لا يتهيّأ لها أن يتجاوزها وألا غرقت قال فلما وصلت إلى كلة رأيته وهي عظيمة عالية السور كثيرة البساتين غزيرة الماء ووجدت بها معدن الرصاص القلعي لا يكون إلا في قلعتها في سائر الدنيا، وفي هذه القلعة تضرب السيوف القلعية، وهي الهندية العتيقة … وأهل هذه القلعة يمتنعون على ملكها إذا أرادوا يطيعونه إن أحبوا ورسمهم رسم الصين في ترك الذبائح وليس في جميع الدنيا معدن الرصاص القلعي إلا في هذه القلعة وبينهما وبين الصين ثلثمائة فرسخ وحولها مدن ورساتيق وقرى ولهم أحكام وحبوس وخبايات وأكلهم البر والتمور وبقولهم كلها تباع وزنا وأرغفة خبزهم تباع عددا ولا حمامات لهم بل عندهم عين جارية يغتسلون فيها ودرهمهم يزن ثلثي درهم ويعرف بالفهري ولهم فلوس يتعاملون بها ويلبسون كأهل الصين الإفرند الصيني المثمن وملكها دون ملك الصين ويخطب لملك الصين وقبلته إليه وبيت عبادته له.And I went off to the dusty shore of Kala, which is the first and ultimate end of India for vessels, as nobody even dares to imagine to pass by it since he would drown. When I arrived at Kala, I conned it and it is large and has high walls, many gardens and plenty of water, and I found mines of tin not found in the rest of the world but in Qalʿa, and in this Qalʿa one forges the Qalʿaite swords, the excellent Indian ones, and the populace of this Qalʿa withstands its king when it wants and abides by him when it lists, and their tradition is like the tradition of China, refraining from slaughtering beasts, and there aren’t in all the world tin mines but in this Qalʿa, and between them two and China are three-hundred parasang, and there are towns, rural districts and villages, and they have jurisdiction, jails, and corbans, and their food is wheat and dates and all their vegetables they buy by scales, and their bread is bread-rolls they buy by count. They have no baths but a running spring in which they wash, and their dirham weighs as a third-dirham and is known as Fahrī, and they have fulūs with which they commerce, and they dress like the people of China in dear Chinese silks, and their king is subordinate to the King of China, reports to the King of China, his praying direction is to him, his place of sacrifice is towards him.

#### Declension
### Noun

قَلْعِيّ or قَلَعِيّ • (qalʕiyy or qalaʕiyy) m (obsolete)
* tin
    Synonyms: رَصَاص قَلَعِيّ (raṣāṣ qalaʕiyy), قَصْدِير (qaṣdīr)
* a sword of a certain type considered Indian

#### Descendants

* → Middle Armenian: կլայեկ (klayek), կլայեակ (klayeak)
** Armenian: կլայեկ (klayek), կլեկ (klek), կիլեկ (kilek) — dialectal
* → Chagatai:
** Uyghur: قەلەي (qeley)
** Uzbek: qalay
* → Old French: alkalap
* → Georgian: კალა (ḳala)
** → Bats: კალ (ḳal)
** → Ossetian: къала (k’ala)
* → Kipchak: kalay / խալայ (xalay)
** North Kipchak
*** Bashkir: ҡалай (qalay)
*** Tatar: калай (qalay)
** West Kipchak
*** Crimean Tatar: qalay
*** Karachay-Balkar: къалай (qalay)
*** Karaim: къалай
*** Kumyk: къалай (qalay)
** Central Kipchak
*** Karakalpak: qalay
*** Kazakh: қалайы (qalaiy)
*** Nogai: калай (kalay)
** East Kipchak
*** Kyrgyz: калай (kalay)
*** Southern Altai: калай (kalay)
* → Pashto: قلعي (qalʿay)
* → Persian: قلعی (qal'i), قلع (qal')
** → Hindustani:
    Hindi: क़लई (qalaī)
    Urdu: قلعی (qalai), قلع
* → Portuguese: calaim, calim
** → French: calain, calin
*** → English: calin
* → Old Anatolian Turkish:
** Azerbaijani: qalay
*** → Avar: гъалай (ğalaj)
*** → Chechen: гӏели (ğeli)
*** → Dargwa: къалай (ɢalaj)
*** → Hinukh: гъалай (ġalay)
*** → Ingush: гӏаьли (ğäli)
*** → Tindi: гъале̄́
** Gagauz: kalay
** Ottoman Turkish: قالای (kalay), قلای (kalay)
*** Turkish: kalay
*** → Abkhaz: акалеи (akʼalej)
*** → Albanian: kallaj, kalaj
*** → Armenian: խալայ (xalay)
*** → Aromanian: cãláe
*** → Bulgarian: кала́й (kaláj)
*** → Greek: καλάι (kalái), καλάϊ (kaláï)
*** → Macedonian: калај (kalaj)
*** → Middle Armenian: ղալայ (ġalay)
*** → Romanian: călái
*** → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: ка̀лај
    Latin script: kàlaj
* → Turkmen: galaýy
* → Zazaki: qelay

### Further reading

* Michael, Streck (1978) “Ḳalʿī, Ḳalaʿī”, in Encyclopaedia of Islam. Second Edition, volume 4, Leiden: Brill, page 502
* Schwarzlose, Friedrich Wilhelm (1886) كتاب السلاح. Die Waffen der alten Araber aus ihren Dichtern dargestellt. Ein Beitrag zur arabischen Alterthumskunde, Synonymik und Lexicographie nebst Registern (in German), Leipzig: J. C. Hinrichs’sche Buchhandlung, pages 127 seqq. and for this word 130
* Siddiqi, Abdussattar (1919) Studien über die Persischen Fremdwörter im klassischen Arabisch (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, pages 88–91