# करण
## Hindi
### Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit करण (karaṇa).

### Pronunciation

* (Delhi) IPA: /kə.ɾəɳ/, [kɐ.ɾɐ̃ɳ]

### Noun

करण • (karaṇ) m
* articulation
* instrument
* function; doing

#### Derived terms

* अनुकरण (anukraṇ)
* अनुलिपिकरण (anulipikraṇ)
* अलंकरण (alaṅkraṇ)
* अस्वीकरण (asvīkraṇ)
* उद्योगीकरण (udyogīkraṇ)
* एकीकरण (ekīkraṇ)
* केंन्द्रीकरण (kẽndrīkraṇ)
* नवीकरण (navīkraṇ)

### References

* McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993) “करण”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

## Pali
### Alternative forms

* karaṇa (Latin script)
* 𑀓𑀭𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* করণ (Bengali script)
* කරණ (Sinhalese script)
* ကရဏ or ၵရꧣ (Burmese script)
* กรณ or กะระณะ (Thai script)
* ᨠᩁᨱ (Tai Tham script)
* ກຣຓ or ກະຣະຓະ (Lao script)
* ករណ (Khmer script)
* 𑄇𑄢𑄕 (Chakma script)

### Noun

करण n
* Devanagari script form of karaṇa

#### Declension
## Sanskrit
### Alternative scripts

* কৰণ (Assamese script)
* ᬓᬭᬡ (Balinese script)
* করণ (Bengali script)
* 𑰎𑰨𑰜 (Bhaiksuki script)
* 𑀓𑀭𑀡 (Brahmi script)
* ကရဏ (Burmese script)
* કરણ (Gujarati script)
* ਕਰਣ (Gurmukhi script)
* 𑌕𑌰𑌣 (Grantha script)
* ꦏꦫꦟ (Javanese script)
* 𑂍𑂩𑂝 (Kaithi script)
* ಕರಣ (Kannada script)
* ករណ (Khmer script)
* ກຣຓ (Lao script)
* കരണ (Malayalam script)
* ᡬᠠᡵᠠᢏᠠ (Manchu script)
* 𑘎𑘨𑘜 (Modi script)
* ᢉᠠᠷᠠᢏᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
* 𑦮𑧈𑦼 (Nandinagari script)
* 𑐎𑐬𑐞 (Newa script)
* କରଣ (Odia script)
* ꢒꢬꢠ (Saurashtra script)
* 𑆑𑆫𑆟 (Sharada script)
* 𑖎𑖨𑖜 (Siddham script)
* කරණ (Sinhalese script)
* 𑩜𑩼𑩪 (Soyombo script)
* 𑚊𑚤𑚘 (Takri script)
* கரண (Tamil script)
* కరణ (Telugu script)
* กรณ (Thai script)
* ཀ་ར་ཎ (Tibetan script)
* 𑒏𑒩𑒝 (Tirhuta script)
* 𑨋𑨫𑨘 (Zanabazar Square script)

### Etymology

Derived from the root कृ (kṛ) +‎ -अन (-ana).

### Pronunciation

* (Vedic) IPA: /kɐ́.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/
* (Classical Sanskrit) IPA: /ˈkɐ.ɾɐ.ɳɐ/

### Adjective

करण • (karaṇa) stem
* doing, making, effecting, causing
* clever, skillful

#### Declension
### Noun

करण • (karaṇa) stem, m
* helper, companion
* a man of a mixed class
* writer, scribe
* (music) a kind of time

#### Descendants

* → Arabic: كَرَّانِيّ (karrāniyy)
** → Swahili: karani
*** → Kikuyu: karani
*** → Malagasy:
* → Malay: kerani / کراني, Malay: kerana
** Indonesian: kerani
** → Tagalog: kawaní
* → Tamil: கிரானி (kirāṉi)

### Noun

करण • (karaṇa) stem, n
* the act of making, doing, producing, effecting
* act, deed
* action, especially a religious one
* the special business of any tribe or caste
* calculation, especially an astronomical one
* an astrological division of the day
* (linguistics) pronunciation, articulation
* (grammar) a sound or word as an independent part of speech
* the posture of an ascetic
* a posture in sexual intercourse
* instrument, means of action
* an organ of sense or of speech
* (law) instrument, document, bond
* (grammar) the means or instrument by which an action is effected, the idea expressed by the instrumental case, instrumentality
* spell, charm
* rhythm, time
* body
* field
* mind, heart
* grain

#### Derived terms

* उपकरण (upakaraṇa)

#### Descendants

* → Hindi: करण (karaṇ)
* Pali: karaṇa

### References

* Potet, Jean-Paul G. (2013) Arabic and Persian Loanwords in Tagalog, Lulu Press, →ISBN, page 383
* Monier Williams (1899) “करण”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0254.

### Further reading

* Hellwig, Oliver (2010-2024) “karaṇa”, in DCS - The Digital Corpus of Sanskrit, Berlin, Germany.