# 壏

| 壏 | U+58CF, &#22735; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58CF |
| ← 壎 [U+58CE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 壐 → [U+58D0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

壏 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 土尸戈廿 (GSIT), four-corner 4811$_7$, composition ⿰土監)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 241, character 4
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5550
* Dae Jaweon: page 480, character 26
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 496, character 1
* Unihan data for U+58CF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 藍 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 襤 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 籃 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 懢 | *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms |
| 儖 | *ɡ·raːm |
| 蘫 | *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms |
| 攬 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 欖 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 覽 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 爁 | *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams |
| 擥 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 灠 | *ɡ·raːmʔ |
| 濫 | *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ |
| 嚂 | *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ |
| 纜 | *ɡ·raːms |
| 監 | *kraːm, *kraːms |
| 礛 | *kraːm |
| 鑑 | *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms |
| 艦 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 檻 | *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms |
| 壏 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 轞 | *ɡraːmʔ |
| 鹽 | *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɡraːmʔ) : semantic 土 + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hǎn, làn (han$^3$, lan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄢˇ, ㄌㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haam$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hǎn
*** Wade–Giles: han$^3$
*** Yale: hǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: haan
*** Palladius: хань (xanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xän²¹⁴/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: làn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: làn
*** Wade–Giles: lan$^4$
*** Yale: làn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lann
*** Palladius: лань (lanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /län⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haam$^5$
*** Yale: háahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haam$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ham$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːm¹³/
* Middle Chinese: haemX
Rime :
| Character | 壏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 銜 (149) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 胡黤切 |
| Baxter | haemX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦˠam$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦᵚam$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣam$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦaɨm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣam$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣam$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɣam$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haam$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɡraːmʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 壏 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6111 |
| Phonetic component | 監 |
| Rime group | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 檻 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɡraːmʔ/ |
| Notes | 見管子 |

### Definitions

壏
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): nā
    (Teochew, Peng'im): na$^7$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: nā
*** Tâi-lô: nā
*** Phofsit Daibuun: na
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /nã⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /nã²²/
*** IPA (Singapore): /na²²/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /nã³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: na$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: nā
*** Sinological IPA : /na¹¹/

#### Definitions

壏
* (Hokkien) to stay; to reside (temporarily); to wait at a place
* (Hokkien, Teochew) at; in

##### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 住, 居住 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 住 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 住 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 住 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 住 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 住 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 住 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 住 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 住 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 住 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 住 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 歇, 蹛 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 歇, 蹛 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 蹛 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 蹛, 歇 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 蹛 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 蹛 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 住 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 歇 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 徛, 蹛, 徛起, 徛跤, 壏 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 徛, 蹛, 徛起, 徛跤, 壏 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 徛, 蹛, 徛起, 徛跤 |
| Southern Min | Dongshan | 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 蹛, 徛起 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 徛, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 徛, 徛起 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 徛 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 徛起, 住 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 徛起, 徛, 住 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 徛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 徛, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 徛 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 徛 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 徛 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 徛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 徛 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 住 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 住 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 住 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Yuhang) | 蹲 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 於 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 在, 挨, 跟, 的 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 在 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 在 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 在, 從 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 在 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 在 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 在 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 在 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 在 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Rugao | 吖 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 在 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 喺, 在 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 響, 喺 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 響, 揀 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 揀 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 喺 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 到, 響 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 到, 響 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 到, 響 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 響 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 響, 在, 喺 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 在 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 在 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 喺, 響 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 喺 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 在 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 在 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 在 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 嗨 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 在 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 在 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 在 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 在 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 在 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 在 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 在 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 在 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 在 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 在 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 在 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 在 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 在 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 在 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 在 |
| Hakka | Singapore (Dabu) | 在 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 在 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 在 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 到 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 著, 在, 洽 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 著, 洽 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 著 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 佇, 踮, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 佇, 踮, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 佇, 咧, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 佇, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 佇 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 佇, 踮, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 佇, 蹛 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 佇, 壏 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 佇, 踮 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 在 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 在 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 在, 壏, 放 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 著 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 在 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 在, 壏 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 佇, 放 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 佇 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 佇 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 在 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 垃, 垃垃, 垃拉, 垃海, 垃該, 垃浪 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Xinzhuang, Minhang) | 垃該, 拉 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 立垃, 勒嵌 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chuansha, Pudong) | 垃, 垃垃 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Nanhui, Pudong) | 垃該 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Fengxian) | 垃該 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jinshan) | 有垃, 垃該 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Qingpu) | 勒拉 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Jiading) | 勒, 浪, 勒浪, 勒搭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 勒勒, 勒 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 勒, 勒勒, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒篤 |
| Wu | Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) | 勒, 勒海, 勒拉, 勒浪 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 勒, 來勒, 勒娘, 勒裡 |
| Wu | Changshu | 勒笃, 勒裡, 勒海, 勒浪 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 勒, 勒浪, 勒海 |
| Wu | Qidong | 勒 |
| Wu | Qidong (Lüsi) | 在, 來, 來該 |
| Wu | Nantong (Haimen) | 勒, 勒特, 勒海, 勒勒 |
| Wu | Haimen (Sijia) | 來, 來到 |
| Wu | Rudong | 勒, 勒勒 |
| Wu | Pinghu | 勒, 勒海, 勒浪, 勒化, 來, 來海, 來浪, 來化 |
| Wu | Haining (Xiashi) | 有起霍, 有起, 有垃, 起勒, 起, 勒, 起霍 |
| Wu | Haiyan | 勒, 勒勒 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 勒, 勒蕩, 勒娘, 勒頭, 漏 |
| Wu | Liyang | 立 |
| Wu | Changzhou (Jintan) | 在, 則 |
| Wu | Danyang | 在, 則 |
| Wu | Jingjiang | 來, 勒 |
| Wu | Jiangyin | 勒, 勒勒 |
| Wu | Nanjing (Gaochun) | 來, 拉, 垃, 得, 擱 |
| Wu | Huzhou | 拉 |
| Wu | Deqing | 垃, 垃好, 來該, 來東, 拉好, 有好 |
| Wu | Deqing (Geting) | 拉 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 勒, 勒哈, 來搭, 來東, 在 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Lin'an) | 來, 來埭, 來同 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Fuyang) | 勒, 勒裡, 勒帶, 勒底 |
| Wu | Hangzhou (Xiaoshan) | 來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯 |
| Wu | Tonglu | 來, 來裡, 來夯 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 來帶, 來埭, 來東, 來同, 來夯, 帶, 埭, 東, 同, 夯 |
| Wu | Shaoxing (Keqiao) | 來帶, 來東, 來夯, 帶, 東, 夯 |
| Wu | Zhuji | 來克, 來客, 勒克, 勒客, 克, 客 |
| Wu | Shengzhou | 來, 來帶, 來東, 來夯 |
| Wu | Xinchang | 來固, 來蒙, 來頭 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 來, 來勒, 來的, 來對, 來東, 來當, 來該 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Zhenhai) | 來 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Beilun) | 來, 來該, 來的, 來對, 來當 |
| Wu | Ningbo (Yinzhou) | 立該, 來, 來的, 來該 |
| Wu | Yuyao | 來, 得, 來浪 |
| Wu | Ninghai | 來的 |
| Wu | Zhoushan (Dinghai) | 勒 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 是 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 在 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 在 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 在 |

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かん (kan)、おん (on)