# 瞑目
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): míngmù
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ming$^4$ muk$^6$ / ming$^5$ muk$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: míngmù
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄇㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: míngmù
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^2$-mu$^4$
*** Yale: míng-mù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingmuh
*** Palladius: минму (minmu)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ³⁵ mu⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$名目 明目 瞑目
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ming$^4$ muk$^6$ / ming$^5$ muk$^6$
*** Yale: mìhng muhk / míhng muhk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ming$^4$ muk$^9$ / ming$^5$ muk$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ming$^4$ mug$^6$ / ming$^5$ mug$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɪŋ²¹ mʊk̚²/, /mɪŋ¹³ mʊk̚²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$明目 瞑目

### Verb

瞑⫽目 (verb-object) (intransitive)
* to close one's eyes in death; to die content

#### Synonyms

* (literary) 合目 (hémù)

#### Derived terms

* 死不瞑目 (sǐbùmíngmù)
* 死亦瞑目 (sǐyìmíngmù)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 瞑 | 目 |
| めい Hyōgai | もく Grade: 1 |
| kan'on | goon |

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese compound 瞑目 (meng? mjuwk, literally “closed eyes + eye”).
A mixed reading, using the kan'on for 瞑 (mei) and the goon for 目 (moku), so the reading likely shifted after the initial borrowing.
First cited to a work from 857.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) めーもく [mèémókú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [me̞ːmo̞kɯ̟]

### Noun

瞑(めい)目(もく) • (meimoku)
* [from 1422] closing of the eyes
* [from 857] a peaceful death
    Synonyms: 永眠 (eimin, literally “eternal sleep”), 自然死 (shizen shi, literally “natural death”)
    Antonyms: 横死 (ōshi, literally, “sideways death”, not dying on the straight path), 変死 (henshi, literally “strange/abnormal death”)

### Verb

瞑(めい)目(もく)する • (meimoku suru) intransitive suru (stem 瞑(めい)目(もく)し (meimoku shi), past 瞑(めい)目(もく)した (meimoku shita))
* to close one's eyes
    Synonyms: 瞑る (tsumuru), 瞑る (tsuburu)
* to die peacefully
    我(われ)死(し)すとも瞑目(めいもく)せず。
       Ware shisu tomo meimoku sezu.
       Even if I die, I cannot die peacefully.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 瞑目し | めいもくし | meimoku shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 瞑目し | めいもくし | meimoku shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 瞑目する | めいもくする | meimoku suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 瞑目する | めいもくする | meimoku suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 瞑目すれ | めいもくすれ | meimoku sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 瞑目せよ¹ 瞑目しろ² | めいもくせよ¹ めいもくしろ² | meimoku seyo¹ meimoku shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 瞑目される | めいもくされる | meimoku sareru |
| Causative | 瞑目させる 瞑目さす | めいもくさせる めいもくさす | meimoku saseru meimoku sasu |
| Potential | 瞑目できる | めいもくできる | meimoku dekiru |
| Volitional | 瞑目しよう | めいもくしよう | meimoku shiyō |
| Negative | 瞑目しない | めいもくしない | meimoku shinai |
| Negative continuative | 瞑目せず | めいもくせず | meimoku sezu |
| Formal | 瞑目します | めいもくします | meimoku shimasu |
| Perfective | 瞑目した | めいもくした | meimoku shita |
| Conjunctive | 瞑目して | めいもくして | meimoku shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 瞑目すれば | めいもくすれば | meimoku sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Synonyms

* (to die peacefully): 死(し)に切(き)る (shinikiru)

### References

* ↑ “瞑目”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN