# els
## English
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛlz/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛlz

#### Noun

els
* plural of el

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈɛls/
** Audio (Southern England):(file)
* Rhymes: -ɛls

#### Adjective

els (not comparable)
* Obsolete form of else.
** c. 1522 (date written), Thomas More, “A Treatyce (Vnfynyshed) vppon These Wordes of Holye Scrypture, Memorare Nouissima, & Ineternum non Peccabis, Remember the Last Thynges, and Thou shalt Neuer Synne. […]”, in Wyllyam Rastell [i.e., William Rastell], editor, The Workes of Sir Thomas More Knyght, […], London: […] Iohn Cawod, Iohn Waly, and Richarde Tottell, published 30 April 1557, →OCLC, book I, page 80, column 1:Now if ye felt your belly in ſuche caſe, that ye muſt be fayne al daye to tende it with warme clothes, oꝛ els ye were not able to abide the payne, would ye recken your belly ſicke oꝛ whole? I wene ye would recken your belly not in good quart.
** c. 1691, John Aubrey, Naturall Historie of Wiltshire:We have a custome, that when one sneezes, every one els putts off his hatt, and bowes, and cries God bless ye Sir.

### Anagrams

* -les-, ESL, LES, LSE, Les, LαEs, SEL, SLE, les

## Aragonese
### Etymology

From Latin illos (“those ones”). Akin to Spanish ellos and Portuguese eles.

### Pronoun

els
* they (third-person plural masculine pronoun)

#### Synonyms

* ellos

## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin illōs, from ille.

### Pronunciation

* (Balearic, Central) IPA: /əls/, (before voiced sound) /əlz/
* (Valencia) IPA: /els/, (before voiced sound) /elz/
* Audio:(file)

### Article

els m pl (feminine plural les, masculine singular el, feminine singular la)
* the; masculine plural definite article

### Pronoun

els (proclitic, enclitic los, contracted enclitic 'ls)
* them (masculine, direct or indirect object)
    Els visitaré. ― I'll visit them.
    Els donaré una moneda. ― I'll give them a coin.
* them (feminine, indirect object only)
    Els diré la veritat. ― I'll tell them the truth.

#### Usage notes

* els is the reinforced (reforçada) form of the pronoun. It is used before verbs.

#### Declension

| | strong/subject | weak (direct object) | weak (direct object) | weak (indirect object) | weak (indirect object) | possessive |
| singular | | proclitic | enclitic | proclitic | enclitic | |
| 1st person | jo, mi$^3$ | em, m’ | -me, ’m | em, m’ | -me, ’m | meu |
| 1st person majestic$^1$ | nós | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre |
| 2nd person | tu | et, t’ | -te, ’t | et, t’ | -te, ’t | teu |
| 2nd person formal$^1$ | vós | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre |
| 2nd person very formal$^2$ | vostè | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu |
| 3rd person masculine | ell | el, l’ | -lo, ’l | li | -li | seu |
| 3rd person feminine | ella | la, l’$^4$ | -la | li | -li | seu |
| 3rd person neuter | | ho | -ho | li | -li | seu |
| 3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu |
| plural | | | | | | |
| 1st person | nosaltres | ens | -nos, ’ns | ens | -nos, ’ns | nostre |
| 2nd person | vosaltres | us | -vos, -us | us | -vos, -us | vostre |
| 2nd person formal$^2$ | vostès | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu |
| 3rd person masculine | ells | els | -los, ’ls | els | -los, ’ls | seu |
| 3rd person feminine | elles | les | -les | els | -los, ’ls | seu |
| 3rd person reflexive | si | es, s’ | -se, ’s | es, s’ | -se, ’s | seu |
| adverbial | | | | | | |
| ablative/genitive | | en, n’ | -ne, ’n | | | |
| locative | | hi | -hi | | | |
| $^{1)}$ Behaves grammatically as plural. $^{2)}$ Behaves grammatically as third person. | $^{1)}$ Behaves grammatically as plural. $^{2)}$ Behaves grammatically as third person. | $^{1)}$ Behaves grammatically as plural. $^{2)}$ Behaves grammatically as third person. | $^{3)}$ Only as object of a preposition. $^{4)}$ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. | $^{3)}$ Only as object of a preposition. $^{4)}$ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. | $^{3)}$ Only as object of a preposition. $^{4)}$ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. | $^{3)}$ Only as object of a preposition. $^{4)}$ Not before unstressed (h)i-, (h)u-. |

## Danish
### Noun

els c
* indefinite genitive singular of el

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛls/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: els
* Rhymes: -ɛls

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch else, from Old Dutch *alisa, from Frankish *alisu, from Proto-Germanic *alisō, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂élis-.
Compare German Erle, English alder, Danish el, Norwegian older, Icelandic elri.

#### Noun

els m (plural elzen, diminutive elsje n)
* alder, tree of the genus Alnus

##### Derived terms

* elzenfeetiran
* elzenkatje

##### Descendants

* → Papiamentu: èls

### Etymology 2

From Middle Dutch elsene, from Old Dutch [Term?], from Proto-Germanic *alisnō, *alusnō. Related to *ēlō, whence Dutch aal, German Ahle, English awl.

#### Noun

els f (plural elzen, diminutive elsje n)
* (leather working) awl
* (printing) bodkin

##### Descendants

* → Papiamentu: èls

### Anagrams

* les

## Franco-Provençal
### Etymology

Inherited from Latin illās.

### Pronoun

els f pl (postpositive -els) (ORB, broad)
* they (third-person plural feminine nominative)

#### See also

| singular | nominative | accusative | dative | tonic$^1$ | possessive$^2$ |
| 1st person | jo | mè | mè | mè | min |
| 2nd person | te | tè | tè | tè | tin |
| 3rd person masculine | il | lo / le | lui | lui | sin |
| 3rd person feminine | el | la | lyé | lyé | | sin |
| 3rd person neuter | o | o | y | — | sin |
| 3rd person reflexive | — | sè | sè | sè | | | sin |
| plural | nominative | accusative | dative | tonic$^1$ | possessive$^2$ |
| 1st person | nos | nos | nos | nos | noutro |
| 2nd person | vos | vos | vos | vos | voutro |
| 3rd person masculine | ils | los / les | lor | lor | lor |
| 3rd person feminine | els | les | lor / lyés | lor / lyés | | lor |
| 3rd person reflexive | — | sè | sè | sè | | | lor |
| $^1$ Disjunctive or object of a preposition. | $^1$ Disjunctive or object of a preposition. | $^2$ Generally preceded by a definite article. | $^2$ Generally preceded by a definite article. | $^2$ Generally preceded by a definite article. | $^2$ Generally preceded by a definite article. |

### References

* els in Lo trèsor Arpitan – on arpitan.eu

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch *elles, genitive of *elli (Middle Dutch el), from Proto-West Germanic *alljas.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /els/

### Adverb

els
* elsewhere

### Further reading

* “el, els”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
* Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “els”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN

## Romansch
### Etymology

From Latin illōs, from ille.

### Pronoun

els
* they (masculine, common, and indeterminate gender)

## Swedish
### Noun

els
* indefinite genitive singular of el

### Anagrams

* -sel

## Volapük
### Article

els
* nominative plural of el