# 教養
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jiàoyǎng
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄧㄤˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gaau$^3$ joeng$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kau-yông
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): kàu-ióng / kàu-iáng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiàoyǎng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˋ ㄧㄤˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiàoyǎng
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^4$-yang$^3$
*** Yale: jyàu-yǎng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiawyeang
*** Palladius: цзяоян (czjaojan)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹ jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaau$^3$ joeng$^5$
*** Yale: gaau yéuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaau$^3$ joeng$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gao$^3$ yêng$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːu̯³³ jœːŋ¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kau-yông
*** Hakka Romanization System: gau iong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gau$^4$ yong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau̯⁵⁵ i̯oŋ²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kau-yông
*** Hakka Romanization System: gau (r)iong$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gau$^4$ yong$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kau̯⁵⁵ (j)i̯oŋ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàu-ióng
*** Tâi-lô: kàu-ióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kao'iorng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kau²¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kau¹¹⁻⁵³ iɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau²¹⁻⁴¹ iɔŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kàu-iáng
*** Tâi-lô: kàu-iáng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kao'iarng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kau²¹⁻⁴¹ iaŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kau²¹⁻⁵³ iaŋ⁵³/

### Verb

教養
* to nurture; educate; culture

### Noun

教養
* (a good) upbringing; one's level of politeness and civility

### Derived terms

* 勞動教養／劳动教养 (láodòng jiàoyǎng)

### Related terms

* 涵養／涵养 (hányǎng)
* 教育 (jiàoyù)
* 培養／培养 (péiyǎng)
* 修養／修养 (xiūyǎng)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 教養(きょうよう) (kyōyō)
* → Korean: 교양(教養) (gyoyang)
* → Vietnamese: giáo dưỡng (教養)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 教 | 養 |
| きょう Grade: 2 | よう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

教(きょう)養(よう) • (kyōyō)
* cultivation, refinement, education

### Verb

教(きょう)養(よう)する • (kyōyō suru) suru (stem 教(きょう)養(よう)し (kyōyō shi), past 教(きょう)養(よう)した (kyōyō shita))
* to edify

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 教養し | きょうようし | kyōyō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 教養し | きょうようし | kyōyō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 教養する | きょうようする | kyōyō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 教養する | きょうようする | kyōyō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 教養すれ | きょうようすれ | kyōyō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 教養せよ¹ 教養しろ² | きょうようせよ¹ きょうようしろ² | kyōyō seyo¹ kyōyō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 教養される | きょうようされる | kyōyō sareru |
| Causative | 教養させる 教養さす | きょうようさせる きょうようさす | kyōyō saseru kyōyō sasu |
| Potential | 教養できる | きょうようできる | kyōyō dekiru |
| Volitional | 教養しよう | きょうようしよう | kyōyō shiyō |
| Negative | 教養しない | きょうようしない | kyōyō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 教養せず | きょうようせず | kyōyō sezu |
| Formal | 教養します | きょうようします | kyōyō shimasu |
| Perfective | 教養した | きょうようした | kyōyō shita |
| Conjunctive | 教養して | きょうようして | kyōyō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 教養すれば | きょうようすれば | kyōyō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 教 | 養 |

### Noun

教養 • (gyoyang) (hangeul 교양)
* Alternative form of 敎養 (“cultivation; education”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 教 | 養 |

### Verb

教養
* chữ Hán form of giáo dưỡng (“to care for and educate; to reform; to teach and bring up”).