# 輾

| 輾 | U+8F3E, &#36670; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F3E |
| ← 輽 [U+8F3D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 輿 → [U+8F3F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

輾 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+10, 17 strokes, cangjie input 十十尸廿女 (JJSTV), four-corner 5703$_2$, composition ⿰車展)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1247, character 16
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38467
* Dae Jaweon: page 1724, character 25
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3551, character 5
* Unihan data for U+8F3E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 碾 | *ndenʔ, *ndens |
| 輾 | *ndens, *tenʔ |
| 展 | *tenʔ, *tens |
| 搌 | *tenʔ, *tens, *tʰenʔ |
* Etymology 1: Corrupted from 𨋚: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ndens, *tenʔ) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 㞋.
* Etymology 2: Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ndens, *tenʔ) : semantic 車 (“cart”) + phonetic 展 (OC *tenʔ, *tens)

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): niǎn (nian$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: niǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: niǎn
*** Wade–Giles: nien$^3$
*** Yale: nyǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nean
*** Palladius: нянь (njanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ni̯ɛn²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^2$
*** Yale: jín
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: nrjenH
Rime :
| Character | 輾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (79) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 女箭切 |
| Baxter | nrjenH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳˠiᴇn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳᵚiɛn$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /niæn$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳian$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /njɛn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /nĭɛn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ni̯ɛn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | niàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nin$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ndens/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 輾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 16781 |
| Phonetic component | 展 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 輾 |
| Old Chinese | /*ndens/ |

#### Definitions

輾
* Alternative form of 碾 (niǎn, “to crush (something) flat with a wheel; to run over”)
    輾斃／辗毙 ― niǎnbì ― to run over and kill

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǎn (zhan$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chan
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liàn / lìn / tián
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎn
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^3$
*** Yale: jǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaan
*** Palladius: чжань (čžanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^2$
*** Yale: jín
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chan
*** Hakka Romanization System: zan
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zan$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡san⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liàn / lìn / tián
*** Tâi-lô: liàn / lìn / tián
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liexn, lixn, diern
*** IPA (Xiamen): /liɛn²¹/, /lin²¹/, /tiɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /liɛn⁴¹/, /lin⁴¹/, /tiɛn⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɛn²¹/, /lin²¹/, /tiɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɛn¹¹/, /lin¹¹/, /tiɛn⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn²¹/, /lin²¹/, /tiɛn⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: trjenX
Rime :
| Character | 輾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (79) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 知演切 |
| Baxter | trjenX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚiɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶjɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶi̯ɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zin$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tre[n]ʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tenʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 輾 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjen$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tre[n]ʔ/ |
| English | 輾轉 toss and turn (Ode 1.2, 145.3) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 輾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 16783 |
| Phonetic component | 展 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 展 |
| Old Chinese | /*tenʔ/ |

#### Definitions

輾
* Used in 輾轉／辗转 (zhǎnzhuǎn, “to toss and turn”).
* a surname

### Compounds

* 拋輾斗／抛辗斗 (pha-liàn-táu) (Hokkien)
* 汽輾／汽辗
* 輾轉／辗转
* 輾轉不寐／辗转不寐
* 輾轉反側／辗转反侧 (zhǎnzhuǎnfǎncè)
* 輾轉相傳／辗转相传
* 轉輾反側／转辗反侧

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A04091
* “Entry #12444”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): てん (ten)、でん (den)、ねん (nen)
* Kun: めぐる (meguru)、きしる (kishiru)

## Korean
### Hanja

輾 • (jeon) (hangeul 전, revised jeon, McCune–Reischauer chŏn, Yale cen)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.