# 粢

| 粢 | U+7CA2, &#31906; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CA2 |
| ← 粡 [U+7CA1] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 粣 → [U+7CA3] |

## Translingual
### Han character

粢 (Kangxi radical 119, 米+6, 12 strokes, cangjie input 戈人火木 (IOFD) or 一人火木 (MOFD), four-corner 3790$_4$, composition ⿱次米)
* grain offered in ritual sacrifice
* millet

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 908, character 29
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26932
* Dae Jaweon: page 1334, character 23
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3148, character 4
* Unihan data for U+7CA2

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 粢
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 咨 | *ʔsli |
| 資 | *ʔsli |
| 姿 | *ʔsli |
| 粢 | *ʔsli |
| 諮 | *ʔsli |
| 恣 | *ʔslis |
| 澬 | *ʔsli, *zli |
| 趑 | *sʰli |
| 蠀 | *sʰli |
| 次 | *sn̥ʰis |
| 佽 | *sl̥ʰis |
| 絘 | *sl̥ʰis |
| 薋 | *zli |
| 瓷 | *zli |
| 茨 | *zli |
| 餈 | *zli |
| 垐 | *zli, *zlɯɡ |
| 楶 | *ʔsliːɡ |

### Etymology 1

from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzəy (“seed, testicle, round object”). Cognate with Burmese အစေ့ (a.ce., “seed”) (STEDT).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zī (zi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$tsy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zī
*** Zhuyin: ㄗ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zih
*** Wade–Giles: tzŭ$^1$
*** Yale: dz̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzy
*** Palladius: цзы (czy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^1$
*** Yale: jī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$tsy
*** MiniDict: tsy$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$tsr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sz̩⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: tsij
Rime :
| Character | 粢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 脂 (15) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 即夷切 |
| Baxter | tsij |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡siɪ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡si/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sjɪ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡si/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡si/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡si/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡si/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zī |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ij/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsli/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 粢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zī |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsij › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ij/ |
| English | Setaria italica |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 粢 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 1788 |
| Phonetic component | 次 |
| Rime group | 脂 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 咨 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsli/ |

#### Definitions

粢
* millet
* a specific grain used in ritual sacrifice

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cí (ci$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄘˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ci$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tshy; $^1$tshy
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cí
*** Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
*** Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ$^2$
*** Yale: tsź
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
*** Palladius: цы (cy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ci$^1$
*** Yale: chī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsi$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: qi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰiː⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tshy; $^1$tshy
*** MiniDict: tshy$^去$; tshy$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tshr; $^1$tshr
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sʰz̩³⁴/, /t͡sʰz̩⁵³/

#### Definitions

粢
* Alternative form of 餈／糍 (cí, “glutinous rice cakes”)

### Compounds

* 粢盛
* 粢粑 (cíbā)
* 粢醍
* 粢飯／粢饭 (cífàn)
* 粢飯糕／粢饭糕 (cīfàngāo)
* 粢飯糰／粢饭团 (cífàntuán)
* 糲粢／粝粢

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* Shinto rice cake.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): し (shi)、せい (sei)
* Kun: きび (kibi)、しとぎ (shitogi)、もち (mochi)

### Etymology

Compare Middle Korean ᄯᅥᆨ〮 (sték, “rice cake”, whence Korean 떡 (tteok))) and Ainu シト (sito, “dumpling made from rice or millet”) which might be cognate.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) しとぎ [shìtógí] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) しとぎ [shìtóꜜgì] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [ɕito̞ɡʲi]

### Noun

粢(しとぎ) • (shitogi)
* an ancient type of rice cake made from raw rice mainly used in Shinto ceremony

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

粢 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.