# 滿洲
## Chinese
### Etymology

Phono-semantic matching of Manchu ᠮᠠᠨᠵᡠ (manju).
It was originally the name for the Manchu people and not a geographical term, as stated by the Qianlong Emperor in the Researches on Manchu Origins [1777]. Its later usage as a geographical term (i.e. as Manchuria) was influenced by Japanese 満(まん)洲(しゅう) (Manshū) and Western languages.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Mǎnzhōu
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄢˇ ㄓㄡ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mun$^5$ zau$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): Mân-chû
* Eastern Min (BUC): Muāng-ciŭ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): Boán-chiu
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$moe-tseu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Mǎnzhōu
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄢˇ ㄓㄡ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Mǎnjhou
*** Wade–Giles: Man$^3$-chou$^1$
*** Yale: Mǎn-jōu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Maanjou
*** Palladius: Маньчжоу (Manʹčžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /män²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mun$^5$ zau$^1$
*** Yale: múhn jāu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mun$^5$ dzau$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mun$^5$ zeo$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /muːn¹³ t͡sɐu̯⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: Mân-chû
*** Hakka Romanization System: man$^ˊ$ zu$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: man$^1$ zu$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /man²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡su²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Muāng-ciŭ
*** Sinological IPA : /muaŋ³³⁻²¹ $^{(t͡s-)}$ʒieu⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Boán-chiu
*** Tâi-lô: Buán-tsiu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boafnciw
*** IPA (Xiamen): /buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /buan⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡siu³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /buan⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /buan⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡siu⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$moe-tseu
*** MiniDict: moe$^去$ tseu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$moe-tseu
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /mø²² t͡sɤ⁴⁴/

### Noun

滿洲
* (literary, collective) Manchu (people)

#### Synonyms

* 滿人／满人 (mǎnrén)
* 滿族／满族 (Mǎnzú)
* 滿洲人／满洲人 (Mǎnzhōurén)
* 滿洲族／满洲族 (mǎnzhōuzú)

### Proper noun

滿洲
* (historical) (～地區, ～地方, ～地域) Manchuria

#### Usage notes

The use of 滿洲／满洲 (Mǎnzhōu) to refer to the region of Northeast China is now strongly discouraged as it is strongly associated with Japanese imperialism and the Japanese puppet state of Manchukuo.

#### Synonyms

* 東北／东北 (Dōngběi)
* 東三省／东三省 (Dōngsānshěng)

#### Derived terms

* 大滿洲帝國／大满洲帝国
* 滿洲人／满洲人 (Mǎnzhōurén)
* 滿洲國／满洲国 (Mǎnzhōuguó)
* 滿洲帝國／满洲帝国
* 滿洲族／满洲族 (mǎnzhōuzú)
* 滿洲棋／满洲棋 (mǎnzhōuqí)
* 滿洲話／满洲话 (mǎnzhōuhuà)
* 滿洲語／满洲语
* 滿洲象棋／满洲象棋 (mǎnzhōu xiàngqí)
* 滿洲里 (Mǎnzhōulǐ)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 満州(まんしゅう) (manshū)
* → Korean: 만주(滿洲) (manju)
* → Vietnamese: Mãn Châu (滿洲)

### References

* 小川尚義 (OGAWA Naoyoshi), editor (1931–1932), “滿洲”, in 臺日大辭典 [Taiwanese-Japanese Dictionary]‎ (overall work in Hokkien and Japanese), Taihoku: Government-General of Taiwan, →OCLC

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 滿 | 洲 |
| まん Hyōgai | しゅう Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 滿洲 – see the following entry. :
| 【満州まんしゅう】 | [proper noun] Manchuria Alternative spelling 満洲 |
(This term, 滿洲, is the kyūjitai of an alternative spelling (満洲) of the above term.) :

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 滿 | 洲 |

### Proper noun

滿洲 • (Manju) (hangeul 만주)
* hanja form of 만주 (“Manchuria”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 滿 | 洲 |

### Proper noun

滿洲
* chữ Hán form of Mãn Châu (“Manchuria”).