# 壑

| 壑 | U+58D1, &#22737; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-58D1 |
| ← 壐 [U+58D0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 壒 → [U+58D2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

壑 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+14, 17 strokes, cangjie input 卜水土 (YEG), four-corner 2710$_4$, composition ⿱㕡土)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 241, character 7
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5554
* Dae Jaweon: page 480, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 496, character 2
* Unihan data for U+58D1

## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hè, huò
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˋ, ㄏㄨㄛˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kok$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hag$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hè
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hè
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^4$
*** Yale: hè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: heh
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huò
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huò
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^4$
*** Yale: hwò
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huoh
*** Palladius: хо (xo)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kok$^3$
*** Yale: kok
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kok$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: kog$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɔːk̚³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hok
*** Tâi-lô: hok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hag$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hak
*** Sinological IPA : /hak̚²/
* Middle Chinese: xak
Rime :
| Character | 壑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) |
| Final (韻) | 鐸 (103) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 呵各切 |
| Baxter | xak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hɑk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hɑk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xɑk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xɑk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xɑk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | he |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | hok$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤak/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰaːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 壑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | hè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xak › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰˁak/ |
| English | moat; canal |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 壑 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5616 |
| Phonetic component | 壑 |
| Rime group | 鐸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𦞦 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰaːɡ/ |

### Definitions

壑
* mountain valley; narrow ravine; bed of torrent; gully
* hole; deep hole with water
* (biology) This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Compounds

* 一丘一壑
* 不忘溝壑／不忘沟壑
* 丘壑 (qiūhè)
* 以鄰為壑／以邻为壑 (yǐlínwéihè)
* 冰壑
* 千山萬壑／千山万壑
* 千岩萬壑／千岩万壑 (qiānyánwànhè)
* 千巖萬壑／千岩万壑
* 填溝壑／填沟壑
* 壑谷
* 大壑
* 巨壑
* 怒濤排壑／怒涛排壑
* 慾壑難填／欲壑难填
* 放情丘壑
* 林壑
* 欲壑難填／欲壑难填
* 欲壑難飽／欲壑难饱
* 欲深谿壑
* 洞壑
* 溪壑
* 溝壑／沟壑 (gōuhè)
* 澗壑／涧壑
* 萬壑／万壑
* 萬壑爭流／万壑争流
* 絕壑／绝壑
* 縱壑魚／纵壑鱼
* 老死溝壑／老死沟壑
* 聳壑昂霄／耸壑昂霄
* 胸有丘壑
* 谿壑
* 谿壑無厭／谿壑无厌
* 轉死溝壑／转死沟壑
* 邱壑

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: かく (kaku)
* Kan-on: かく (kaku)
* Kan’yō-on: がく (gaku)
* Kun: たに (tani, 壑)、あな (ana, 壑)、みぞ (mizo, 壑)

### References

* “壑”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024

## Korean
### Hanja

壑 • (hak) (hangeul 학, revised hak, McCune–Reischauer hak, Yale hak)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

壑: Hán Nôm readings: hác
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.