# 巉岩
## Chinese

| | | cliff | cliff; rock |
| trad. (巉岩/巉嵒$^*$/巉巗$^*$/巉巖) | trad. (巉岩/巉嵒$^*$/巉巗$^*$/巉巖) | 巉 | 岩/嵒/巗/巖 |
| simp. (巉岩) | simp. (巉岩) | 巉 | 岩 |
| anagram | anagram | 岩巉 | 岩巉 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chányán
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˊ ㄧㄢˊ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): châm-giâm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chányán
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ ㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chányán
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^2$-yen$^2$
*** Yale: chán-yán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charnyan
*** Palladius: чаньянь (čanʹjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵ jɛn³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$讒言／谗言 饞言／馋言
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: châm-giâm
*** Tâi-lô: tsâm-giâm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zamgiaam
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sam²⁴⁻²² ɡiam²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sam²⁴⁻²² ɡiam²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sam¹³⁻²² ɡiam¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sam²⁴⁻¹¹ ɡiam²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sam²³⁻³³ ɡiam²³/
* Middle Chinese: dzraem ngaem
Rime :
| Character | 巉 | 岩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 銜 (149) | 銜 (149) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 鋤銜切 | 五銜切 |
| Baxter | dzraem | ngaem |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒˠam/ | /ŋˠam/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐᵚam/ | /ŋᵚam/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒam/ | /ŋam/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐaɨm/ | /ŋaɨm/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒam/ | /ŋam/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒam/ | /ŋam/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱam/ | /ŋam/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chán | yán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caam$^4$ | ngaam$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zraːm ŋraːm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 岩 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ngæm › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ŋ]ˁr[a]m/ (< uvular?) |
| English | rocky, lofty |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 巉 | 岩 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1233 | 3684 |
| Phonetic component | 毚 | 敢 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 巉 | 巖 |
| Old Chinese | /*zraːm/ | /*ŋraːm/ |

### Noun

巉岩
* (literary) precipitous rock

### Adjective

巉岩
* (literary) precipitous; steep
* Alternative form of 巉巖／巉岩 (chányán, “powerful and distinctive in poetic style”)

#### Synonyms

* (precipitous):
* 壁立 (bìlì) (chiefly of a mountain peak, cliff, etc.)
* 岢峨 (kě'é, “high and steep”) (literary, of a mountain)
* 岢峻 (kějùn, “high and steep”) (literary, of a mountain)
* 峭 (qiào) (in compounds)
* 峻峭 (jùnqiào, “high and steep”) (of a mountain)
* 崒 (zú) (literary)
* 崎 (qí) (literary or Southern Min)
* 嶔崟／嵚崟 (qīnyín, “dangerously steep”) (literary)
* 嶜崟 (“dangerously steep”)
* 巀嶭 (“high, lofty and steep”) (of mountains)
* 巉峻 (chánjùn) (literary)
* 巉巉 (chánchán) (literary)
* 筆陡／笔陡 (bǐdǒu)
* 陡 (dǒu)
* 陡峭 (dǒuqiào)
* 陡直 (dǒuzhí)
* 險峻／险峻 (xiǎnjùn, “dangerously steep”)
* 高峻 (gāojùn, “high and steep”) (of a mountain)