# quadragesima
## Italian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin quadrāgēsima (“the fortieth part; Lent”), substantive of quadrāgēsimus (“fortieth”). Doublet of the inherited quaresima.

### Noun

quadragesima f (plural quadragesime)
* Quadragesima

#### Related terms

* quaresima

## Latin
### Etymology

From quadragesimus (“fortieth”), from quadraginta (“forty”).

### Noun

quadrāgēsima f (genitive quadrāgēsimae); first declension
* Lent, Christian fast of forty days

#### Declension

First-declension noun.
| Case | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | quadrāgēsima | quadrāgēsimae |
| Genitive | quadrāgēsimae | quadrāgēsimārum |
| Dative | quadrāgēsimae | quadrāgēsimīs |
| Accusative | quadrāgēsimam | quadrāgēsimās |
| Ablative | quadrāgēsimā | quadrāgēsimīs |
| Vocative | quadrāgēsima | quadrāgēsimae |

#### Derived terms

* Quadragesima Sancti Martini (“Saint Martin's Lent”)

#### Descendants

Many reflect an early shortening to *quarēsima. Compare the reflexes of quadrāgintā 'forty'.
* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: preasinj, pãreasinj
** Romanian: păresimi, Păresimi
* Italo-Romance:
** Italian: Quaresima
*** →? Sicilian: Quarèsima
** Neapolitan: Quarajesima, Corajesima
** Sicilian: Quarìsima
* Northern Italian:
** Friulian: cresime, coresime
** Ladin: carëisema
** Romansch: curaisma, cureisma, curesma, quaraisma
** Venetian: cuaréxema
* Gallo-Romance:
** Franco-Provençal: Carêma
** Old French: caresme, quaresme
*** French: carême
*** Norman: Carême, Tchithême (Jersey)
*** Picard: carème, carinme (Amiens), cwarème (Lille/Hainaut) ⇒ carémieu, carimeu, coérémieu
*** Walloon: cwareme
* Occitano-Romance:
** Aragonese: cuaresma
** Catalan: quaresma, coresma
** Occitan: caresma
* West Iberian:
** Asturian: Cuaresma
** Old Galician-Portuguese: quaraesma, quareesma, coresma
*** Galician: coresma
*** Portuguese: quaresma
** Old Spanish: quaraesma
*** Spanish: Cuaresma
* Insular Romance:
** Sardinian: caresima
* Ancient borrowings:
** → Albanian: kreshmë
** → Basque: garizuma
** → Proto-Brythonic: *Karaɣuɨs
*** Middle Breton: hoarais, hoarays, *coarais
**** Breton: Koraiz
*** Middle Welsh: garawys
**** Welsh: Garawys, Grawys
** → Old Irish: Corgus
*** Irish: Carghas
*** Scottish Gaelic: Carghas
** → Serbo-Croatian: korizma
* Learned borrowings:
** → French: quadragésime
** → Italian: quadragesima
** → Portuguese: quadragésima
** → Spanish: cuadragésima

### References

* AIS: Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Südschweiz [Linguistic and Ethnographic Atlas of Italy and Southern Switzerland] – map 775: “la quaresima” – on navigais-web.pd.istc.cnr.it
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “quadragesima”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 2: C Q K, page 1389

### Further reading

* quadragesima in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
* quadragesima in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “quadragesima”, in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898), Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
* quadragesima in Ramminger, Johann (2016 July 16 (last accessed)) Neulateinische Wortliste: Ein Wörterbuch des Lateinischen von Petrarca bis 1700‎, pre-publication website, 2005-2016
* “quadragesima”, in William Smith et al., editor (1890), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin