# 貨殖
## Chinese
### Etymology

Originally a subject-verb construct that literally means "the goods multiply", "the wealth grows", etc., that has become idiomatic as compound. The appearance of the noun sense ("merchant") was likely influenced by the chapter title 《貨殖列傳》, a biography of entrepreneurs in the Records of the Grand Historian.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huòzhí
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄓˊ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huòzhí
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄛˋ ㄓˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huòjhíh
*** Wade–Giles: huo$^4$-chih$^2$
*** Yale: hwò-jŕ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: huohjyr
*** Palladius: хочжи (xočži)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯ɔ⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩³⁵/
* Middle Chinese: xwaH dzyik
Rime :
| Character | 貨 | 殖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 職 (134) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 呼臥切 | 常職切 |
| Baxter | xwaH | dzyik |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /huɑ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑɨk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /huɑ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑɨk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuɑ$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiek̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwa$^H$/ | /d͡ʑik̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xuɑ$^H$/ | /ʑiək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xuɑ$^H$/ | /ʑĭək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xuɑ$^H$/ | /ʑi̯ək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huò | shí |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fo$^3$ | sik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʷʰˁaj-s N-tək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hŋʷaːls djɯɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 貨 | 殖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huò | zhí |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwa$^H$ › | ‹ dzyik › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʷʰˁaj-s/ | /*N-tək/ |
| English | (movable) property, goods | grow, flourish (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 貨 | 殖 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 5325 | 17272 |
| Phonetic component | 化 | 直 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 貨 | 寔 |
| Old Chinese | /*hŋʷaːls/ | /*djɯɡ/ |

### Verb

貨殖
* (archaic) to make a fortune; to profit
    From: The Analects of Confucius, c. 475 – 221 BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ yuē: “Huí yě qí shù hū, lǚ kōng. Cì bù shòumìng, ér huò zhí yān, yì zé lǚ zhòng.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, "There is Hui! He has nearly attained to perfect virtue. He is often in want. Ci does not acquiesce in the appointments of Heaven, and his goods are increased by him. Yet his judgments are often correct."
    From: Wang Chong, Lun Heng (Discussive Weighing), 80 CE, translated based on Alfred Forke's version
    “Cì bù shòumìng, ér huò zhí yān.” Cì běn bùshòu tiān zhī fùmìng, suǒ jiā huòcái jījù, wéi shì fùrén zhě, dé huòzhí zhī shù yě. [Pinyin]
    "Ci, though not predestined thereto, made a fortune." His capital increased without a decree from Heaven which would have him rich. The accumulation of wealth is due to the cleverness of the rich men of the time in making a fortune.
* (archaic) to engage in commerce; to do business

### Noun

貨殖
* (archaic) merchant; businessperson; entrepreneur