# fustigar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin fustigāre, from Latin fustis.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [fus.tiˈɣa]
* IPA: (Valencia) [fus.tiˈɣaɾ]

### Verb

fustigar (first-person singular present fustigo, first-person singular preterite fustiguí, past participle fustigat)
* (transitive) to flog, whip, lash, beat with force
    Synonym: assotar

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | fustigar | fustigar | fustigar | fustigar | fustigar |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | fustigant | fustigant | fustigant | fustigant | fustigant |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | fustigat | fustigat | fustigada | fustigada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | fustigats | fustigats | fustigades | fustigades |
| person | person | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| person | person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| indicative | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| indicative | present | fustigo | fustigues | fustiga | fustiguem | fustigueu | fustiguen |
| indicative | imperfect | fustigava | fustigaves | fustigava | fustigàvem | fustigàveu | fustigaven |
| indicative | future | fustigaré | fustigaràs | fustigarà | fustigarem | fustigareu | fustigaran |
| indicative | preterite | fustiguí | fustigares | fustigà | fustigàrem | fustigàreu | fustigaren |
| indicative | conditional | fustigaria | fustigaries | fustigaria | fustigaríem | fustigaríeu | fustigarien |
| subjunctive | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| subjunctive | present | fustigui | fustiguis | fustigui | fustiguem | fustigueu | fustiguin |
| subjunctive | imperfect | fustigués | fustiguessis | fustigués | fustiguéssim | fustiguéssiu | fustiguessin |
| imperative | | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès |
| imperative | affirmative | — | fustiga | fustigui | fustiguem | fustigueu | fustiguin |
| imperative | negative (no) | — | no fustiguis | no fustigui | no fustiguem | no fustigueu | no fustiguin |

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Learned borrowing from Late Latin fūstīgāre, from Latin fūstis.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /fus.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ʁ)/ [fus.t͡ʃiˈɡa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /fus.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ʁ)/ [fus.t͡ʃiˈɡa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /fus.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /fuʃ.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ʁ)/ [fuʃ.t͡ʃiˈɡa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /fus.t͡ʃiˈɡa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /fuʃ.tiˈɡaɾ/ [fuʃ.tiˈɣaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /fuʃ.tiˈɡaɾ/ [fuʃ.tiˈɣaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /fuʃ.tiˈɡa.ɾi/ [fuʃ.tiˈɣa.ɾi]
* Hyphenation: fus‧ti‧gar

### Verb

fustigar (first-person singular present fustigo, first-person singular preterite fustiguei, past participle fustigado)
* (transitive) to flog, whip, lash, beat with force
    Synonym: açoitar

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

### Further reading

* “fustigar” in Dicionário Aberto based on Novo Diccionário da Língua Portuguesa de Cândido de Figueiredo, 1913
* “fustigar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024
* “fustigar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Late Latin fustigāre, from Latin fustis. Compare the inherited doublet hostigar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fustiˈɡaɾ/ [fus.t̪iˈɣ̞aɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: fus‧ti‧gar

### Verb

fustigar (first-person singular present fustigo, first-person singular preterite fustigué, past participle fustigado)
* (transitive) to whip

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | fustigar | fustigar | fustigar | fustigar | fustigar |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | fustigando | fustigando | fustigando | fustigando | fustigando |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | fustigado | fustigado | fustigada | fustigada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | fustigados | fustigados | fustigadas | fustigadas |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| indicative | present | fustigo | fustigas$^{tú}$ fustigás$^{vos}$ | fustiga | fustigamos | fustigáis | fustigan |
| indicative | imperfect | fustigaba | fustigabas | fustigaba | fustigábamos | fustigabais | fustigaban |
| indicative | preterite | fustigué | fustigaste | fustigó | fustigamos | fustigasteis | fustigaron |
| indicative | future | fustigaré | fustigarás | fustigará | fustigaremos | fustigaréis | fustigarán |
| indicative | conditional | fustigaría | fustigarías | fustigaría | fustigaríamos | fustigaríais | fustigarían |
| subjunctive | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| subjunctive | present | fustigue | fustigues$^{tú}$ fustigués$^{vos2}$ | fustigue | fustiguemos | fustiguéis | fustiguen |
| subjunctive | imperfect (ra) | fustigara | fustigaras | fustigara | fustigáramos | fustigarais | fustigaran |
| subjunctive | imperfect (se) | fustigase | fustigases | fustigase | fustigásemos | fustigaseis | fustigasen |
| subjunctive | future$^1$ | fustigare | fustigares | fustigare | fustigáremos | fustigareis | fustigaren |
| imperative | | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes |
| imperative | affirmative | | fustiga$^{tú}$ fustigá$^{vos}$ | fustigue | fustiguemos | fustigad | fustiguen |
| imperative | negative | | no fustigues | no fustigue | no fustiguemos | no fustiguéis | no fustiguen |
$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

### Further reading

* “fustigar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014