# nqaba
## Xhosa
### Verb

-nqâba
* (intransitive) to be scarce

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ᵑǃâːɓa/

### Verb

-nqâba
* (transitive) to disallow, to refuse, to forbid, to prohibit, to decline, to reject
* (intransitive) to be brilliant, to be excellent, to be superb, to be unsurpassed

#### Inflection

Tone HH :
| Infinitive | ukunqaba |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukunqaba | ukunganqabi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | nqaba | -nqabe |
| Plural | nqabani | -nqabeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyanqaba, nginqaba | enginqabayo, enginqaba | nginqaba | anginqabi | enginganqabi | nginganqabi |
| 2nd singular | uyanqaba, unqaba | onqabayo, onqaba | unqaba | awunqabi | onganqabi | unganqabi |
| 1st plural | siyanqaba, sinqaba | esinqabayo, esinqaba | sinqaba | asinqabi | esinganqabi | singanqabi |
| 2nd plural | niyanqaba, ninqaba | eninqabayo, eninqaba | ninqaba | aninqabi | eninganqabi | ninganqabi |
| Class 1 | uyanqaba, unqaba | onqabayo, onqaba | enqaba | akanqabi | onganqabi | enganqabi |
| Class 2 | bayanqaba, banqaba | abanqabayo, abanqaba | benqaba | abanqabi | abanganqabi | benganqabi |
| Class 3 | uyanqaba, unqaba | onqabayo, onqaba | unqaba | awunqabi | onganqabi | unganqabi |
| Class 4 | iyanqaba, inqaba | enqabayo, enqaba | inqaba | ayinqabi | enganqabi | inganqabi |
| Class 5 | liyanqaba, linqaba | elinqabayo, elinqaba | linqaba | alinqabi | elinganqabi | linganqabi |
| Class 6 | ayanqaba, anqaba | anqabayo, anqaba | enqaba | awanqabi | anganqabi | enganqabi |
| Class 7 | siyanqaba, sinqaba | esinqabayo, esinqaba | sinqaba | asinqabi | esinganqabi | singanqabi |
| Class 8 | ziyanqaba, zinqaba | ezinqabayo, ezinqaba | zinqaba | azinqabi | ezinganqabi | zinganqabi |
| Class 9 | iyanqaba, inqaba | enqabayo, enqaba | inqaba | ayinqabi | enganqabi | inganqabi |
| Class 10 | ziyanqaba, zinqaba | ezinqabayo, ezinqaba | zinqaba | azinqabi | ezinganqabi | zinganqabi |
| Class 11 | luyanqaba, lunqaba | olunqabayo, olunqaba | lunqaba | alunqabi | olunganqabi | lunganqabi |
| Class 14 | buyanqaba, bunqaba | obunqabayo, obunqaba | bunqaba | abunqabi | obunganqabi | bunganqabi |
| Class 15 | kuyanqaba, kunqaba | okunqabayo, okunqaba | kunqaba | akunqabi | okunganqabi | kunganqabi |
| Class 17 | kuyanqaba, kunqaba | okunqabayo, okunqaba | kunqaba | akunqabi | okunganqabi | kunganqabi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | nginqabile, nginqabē | enginqabile, enginqabē | nginqabile, nginqabē | anginqabanga | enginganqabanga | nginganqabanga |
| 2nd singular | unqabile, unqabē | onqabile, onqabē | unqabile, unqabē | awunqabanga | onganqabanga | unganqabanga |
| 1st plural | sinqabile, sinqabē | esinqabile, esinqabē | sinqabile, sinqabē | asinqabanga | esinganqabanga | singanqabanga |
| 2nd plural | ninqabile, ninqabē | eninqabile, eninqabē | ninqabile, ninqabē | aninqabanga | eninganqabanga | ninganqabanga |
| Class 1 | unqabile, unqabē | onqabile, onqabē | enqabile, enqabē | akanqabanga | onganqabanga | enganqabanga |
| Class 2 | banqabile, banqabē | abanqabile, abanqabē | benqabile, benqabē | abanqabanga | abanganqabanga | benganqabanga |
| Class 3 | unqabile, unqabē | onqabile, onqabē | unqabile, unqabē | awunqabanga | onganqabanga | unganqabanga |
| Class 4 | inqabile, inqabē | enqabile, enqabē | inqabile, inqabē | ayinqabanga | enganqabanga | inganqabanga |
| Class 5 | linqabile, linqabē | elinqabile, elinqabē | linqabile, linqabē | alinqabanga | elinganqabanga | linganqabanga |
| Class 6 | anqabile, anqabē | anqabile, anqabē | enqabile, enqabē | awanqabanga | anganqabanga | enganqabanga |
| Class 7 | sinqabile, sinqabē | esinqabile, esinqabē | sinqabile, sinqabē | asinqabanga | esinganqabanga | singanqabanga |
| Class 8 | zinqabile, zinqabē | ezinqabile, ezinqabē | zinqabile, zinqabē | azinqabanga | ezinganqabanga | zinganqabanga |
| Class 9 | inqabile, inqabē | enqabile, enqabē | inqabile, inqabē | ayinqabanga | enganqabanga | inganqabanga |
| Class 10 | zinqabile, zinqabē | ezinqabile, ezinqabē | zinqabile, zinqabē | azinqabanga | ezinganqabanga | zinganqabanga |
| Class 11 | lunqabile, lunqabē | olunqabile, olunqabē | lunqabile, lunqabē | alunqabanga | olunganqabanga | lunganqabanga |
| Class 14 | bunqabile, bunqabē | obunqabile, obunqabē | bunqabile, bunqabē | abunqabanga | obunganqabanga | bunganqabanga |
| Class 15 | kunqabile, kunqabē | okunqabile, okunqabē | kunqabile, kunqabē | akunqabanga | okunganqabanga | kunganqabanga |
| Class 17 | kunqabile, kunqabē | okunqabile, okunqabē | kunqabile, kunqabē | akunqabanga | okunganqabanga | kunganqabanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngānqaba | engānqaba | ngānqaba | anginqabanga | enginganqabanga | nginganqabanga |
| 2nd singular | wānqaba | owānqaba | wānqaba | awunqabanga | onganqabanga | unganqabanga |
| 1st plural | sānqaba | esānqaba | sānqaba | asinqabanga | esinganqabanga | singanqabanga |
| 2nd plural | nānqaba | enānqaba | nānqaba | aninqabanga | eninganqabanga | ninganqabanga |
| Class 1 | wānqaba | owānqaba | ānqaba | akanqabanga | onganqabanga | enganqabanga |
| Class 2 | bānqaba | abānqaba | bānqaba | abanqabanga | abanganqabanga | benganqabanga |
| Class 3 | wānqaba | owānqaba | wānqaba | awunqabanga | onganqabanga | unganqabanga |
| Class 4 | yānqaba | eyānqaba | yānqaba | ayinqabanga | enganqabanga | inganqabanga |
| Class 5 | lānqaba | elānqaba | lānqaba | alinqabanga | elinganqabanga | linganqabanga |
| Class 6 | ānqaba | ānqaba | ānqaba | awanqabanga | anganqabanga | enganqabanga |
| Class 7 | sānqaba | esānqaba | sānqaba | asinqabanga | esinganqabanga | singanqabanga |
| Class 8 | zānqaba | ezānqaba | zānqaba | azinqabanga | ezinganqabanga | zinganqabanga |
| Class 9 | yānqaba | eyānqaba | yānqaba | ayinqabanga | enganqabanga | inganqabanga |
| Class 10 | zānqaba | ezānqaba | zānqaba | azinqabanga | ezinganqabanga | zinganqabanga |
| Class 11 | lwānqaba | olwānqaba | lwānqaba | alunqabanga | olunganqabanga | lunganqabanga |
| Class 14 | bānqaba | obānqaba | bānqaba | abunqabanga | obunganqabanga | bunganqabanga |
| Class 15 | kwānqaba | okwānqaba | kwānqaba | akunqabanga | okunganqabanga | kunganqabanga |
| Class 17 | kwānqaba | okwānqaba | kwānqaba | akunqabanga | okunganqabanga | kunganqabanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | nginganqaba | — | nginganqaba | ngingenqabe | — | ngingenqabe |
| 2nd singular | unganqaba | — | unganqaba | ungenqabe | — | ungenqabe |
| 1st plural | singanqaba | — | singanqaba | singenqabe | — | singenqabe |
| 2nd plural | ninganqaba | — | ninganqaba | ningenqabe | — | ningenqabe |
| Class 1 | anganqaba | — | enganqaba | angenqabe | — | engenqabe |
| Class 2 | banganqaba | — | benganqaba | bangenqabe | — | bengenqabe |
| Class 3 | unganqaba | — | unganqaba | ungenqabe | — | ungenqabe |
| Class 4 | inganqaba | — | inganqaba | ingenqabe | — | ingenqabe |
| Class 5 | linganqaba | — | linganqaba | lingenqabe | — | lingenqabe |
| Class 6 | anganqaba | — | enganqaba | angenqabe | — | engenqabe |
| Class 7 | singanqaba | — | singanqaba | singenqabe | — | singenqabe |
| Class 8 | zinganqaba | — | zinganqaba | zingenqabe | — | zingenqabe |
| Class 9 | inganqaba | — | inganqaba | ingenqabe | — | ingenqabe |
| Class 10 | zinganqaba | — | zinganqaba | zingenqabe | — | zingenqabe |
| Class 11 | lunganqaba | — | lunganqaba | lungenqabe | — | lungenqabe |
| Class 14 | bunganqaba | — | bunganqaba | bungenqabe | — | bungenqabe |
| Class 15 | kunganqaba | — | kunganqaba | kungenqabe | — | kungenqabe |
| Class 17 | kunganqaba | — | kunganqaba | kungenqabe | — | kungenqabe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizonqaba | engizonqaba | ngizonqaba | angizunqaba | engingezunqaba | ngingezunqaba |
| 2nd singular | uzonqaba | ozonqaba | uzonqaba | awuzunqaba | ongezunqaba | ungezunqaba |
| 1st plural | sizonqaba | esizonqaba | sizonqaba | asizunqaba | esingezunqaba | singezunqaba |
| 2nd plural | nizonqaba | enizonqaba | nizonqaba | anizunqaba | eningezunqaba | ningezunqaba |
| Class 1 | uzonqaba | ozonqaba | ezonqaba | akazunqaba | ongezunqaba | engezunqaba |
| Class 2 | bazonqaba | abazonqaba | bezonqaba | abazunqaba | abangezunqaba | bengezunqaba |
| Class 3 | uzonqaba | ozonqaba | uzonqaba | awuzunqaba | ongezunqaba | ungezunqaba |
| Class 4 | izonqaba | ezonqaba | izonqaba | ayizunqaba | engezunqaba | ingezunqaba |
| Class 5 | lizonqaba | elizonqaba | lizonqaba | alizunqaba | elingezunqaba | lingezunqaba |
| Class 6 | azonqaba | azonqaba | ezonqaba | awazunqaba | angezunqaba | engezunqaba |
| Class 7 | sizonqaba | esizonqaba | sizonqaba | asizunqaba | esingezunqaba | singezunqaba |
| Class 8 | zizonqaba | ezizonqaba | zizonqaba | azizunqaba | ezingezunqaba | zingezunqaba |
| Class 9 | izonqaba | ezonqaba | izonqaba | ayizunqaba | engezunqaba | ingezunqaba |
| Class 10 | zizonqaba | ezizonqaba | zizonqaba | azizunqaba | ezingezunqaba | zingezunqaba |
| Class 11 | luzonqaba | oluzonqaba | luzonqaba | aluzunqaba | olungezunqaba | lungezunqaba |
| Class 14 | buzonqaba | obuzonqaba | buzonqaba | abuzunqaba | obungezunqaba | bungezunqaba |
| Class 15 | kuzonqaba | okuzonqaba | kuzonqaba | akuzunqaba | okungezunqaba | kungezunqaba |
| Class 17 | kuzonqaba | okuzonqaba | kuzonqaba | akuzunqaba | okungezunqaba | kungezunqaba |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyonqaba | engiyonqaba | ngiyonqaba | angiyunqaba | engingeyunqaba | ngingeyunqaba |
| 2nd singular | uyonqaba | oyonqaba | uyonqaba | awuyunqaba | ongeyunqaba | ungeyunqaba |
| 1st plural | siyonqaba | esiyonqaba | siyonqaba | asiyunqaba | esingeyunqaba | singeyunqaba |
| 2nd plural | niyonqaba | eniyonqaba | niyonqaba | aniyunqaba | eningeyunqaba | ningeyunqaba |
| Class 1 | uyonqaba | oyonqaba | eyonqaba | akayunqaba | ongeyunqaba | engeyunqaba |
| Class 2 | bayonqaba | abayonqaba | beyonqaba | abayunqaba | abangeyunqaba | bengeyunqaba |
| Class 3 | uyonqaba | oyonqaba | uyonqaba | awuyunqaba | ongeyunqaba | ungeyunqaba |
| Class 4 | iyonqaba | eyonqaba | iyonqaba | ayiyunqaba | engeyunqaba | ingeyunqaba |
| Class 5 | liyonqaba | eliyonqaba | liyonqaba | aliyunqaba | elingeyunqaba | lingeyunqaba |
| Class 6 | ayonqaba | ayonqaba | eyonqaba | awayunqaba | angeyunqaba | engeyunqaba |
| Class 7 | siyonqaba | esiyonqaba | siyonqaba | asiyunqaba | esingeyunqaba | singeyunqaba |
| Class 8 | ziyonqaba | eziyonqaba | ziyonqaba | aziyunqaba | ezingeyunqaba | zingeyunqaba |
| Class 9 | iyonqaba | eyonqaba | iyonqaba | ayiyunqaba | engeyunqaba | ingeyunqaba |
| Class 10 | ziyonqaba | eziyonqaba | ziyonqaba | aziyunqaba | ezingeyunqaba | zingeyunqaba |
| Class 11 | luyonqaba | oluyonqaba | luyonqaba | aluyunqaba | olungeyunqaba | lungeyunqaba |
| Class 14 | buyonqaba | obuyonqaba | buyonqaba | abuyunqaba | obungeyunqaba | bungeyunqaba |
| Class 15 | kuyonqaba | okuyonqaba | kuyonqaba | akuyunqaba | okungeyunqaba | kungeyunqaba |
| Class 17 | kuyonqaba | okuyonqaba | kuyonqaba | akuyunqaba | okungeyunqaba | kungeyunqaba |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | nginqabe | nginganqabi |
| 2nd singular | unqabe | unganqabi |
| 1st plural | sinqabe | singanqabi |
| 2nd plural | ninqabe | ninganqabi |
| Class 1 | anqabe | anganqabi |
| Class 2 | banqabe | banganqabi |
| Class 3 | unqabe | unganqabi |
| Class 4 | inqabe | inganqabi |
| Class 5 | linqabe | linganqabi |
| Class 6 | anqabe | anganqabi |
| Class 7 | sinqabe | singanqabi |
| Class 8 | zinqabe | zinganqabi |
| Class 9 | inqabe | inganqabi |
| Class 10 | zinqabe | zinganqabi |
| Class 11 | lunqabe | lunganqabi |
| Class 14 | bunqabe | bunganqabi |
| Class 15 | kunqabe | kunganqabi |
| Class 17 | kunqabe | kunganqabi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | nganqaba | nganganqaba, anganqaba, anganganqaba |
| 2nd singular | wanqaba | wanganqaba, awanqaba, awanganqaba |
| 1st plural | sanqaba | sanganqaba, asanqaba, asanganqaba |
| 2nd plural | nanqaba | nanganqaba, ananqaba, ananganqaba |
| Class 1 | wanqaba | wanganqaba, akanqaba, akanganqaba |
| Class 2 | banqaba | banganqaba, abanqaba, abanganqaba |
| Class 3 | wanqaba | wanganqaba, awanqaba, awanganqaba |
| Class 4 | yanqaba | yanganqaba, ayanqaba, ayanganqaba |
| Class 5 | lanqaba | langanqaba, alanqaba, alanganqaba |
| Class 6 | anqaba | anganqaba, awanqaba, awanganqaba |
| Class 7 | sanqaba | sanganqaba, asanqaba, asanganqaba |
| Class 8 | zanqaba | zanganqaba, azanqaba, azanganqaba |
| Class 9 | yanqaba | yanganqaba, ayanqaba, ayanganqaba |
| Class 10 | zanqaba | zanganqaba, azanqaba, azanganqaba |
| Class 11 | lwanqaba | lwanganqaba, alwanqaba, alwanganqaba |
| Class 14 | banqaba | banganqaba, abanqaba, abanganqaba |
| Class 15 | kwanqaba | kwanganqaba, akwanqaba, akwanganqaba |
| Class 17 | kwanqaba | kwanganqaba, akwanqaba, akwanganqaba |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “nqaɓa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “nqaɓa (3.9)”