# 輾轉
## Chinese
### Etymology 1

A retrogressive ablaut reduplication of 轉 (OC *tonʔ, “to turn”) in Old Chinese (Sun, 2003; Hsu, 2009):
    轉 (OC *tonʔ, “to turn”) → 輾轉 (OC *tenʔ tonʔ, “to toss and turn”)

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhǎnzhuǎn
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄢˇ ㄓㄨㄢˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zin$^2$ zyun$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tián-choán
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsoe-tsoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎnzhuǎn [Phonetic: zhánzhuǎn]
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄢˇ ㄓㄨㄢˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎnjhuǎn
*** Wade–Giles: chan$^3$-chuan$^3$
*** Yale: jǎn-jwǎn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaanjoan
*** Palladius: чжаньчжуань (čžanʹčžuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂän²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯än²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zin$^2$ zyun$^2$
*** Yale: jín jyún
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzin$^2$ dzyn$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jin$^2$ jun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siːn³⁵ t͡syːn³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tián-choán
*** Tâi-lô: tián-tsuán
*** Phofsit Daibuun: diefnzoarn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡suan⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tiɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ t͡suan⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡suan⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tiɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ t͡suan⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tiɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ t͡suan⁴¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$tsoe-tsoe
*** MiniDict: tsoe$^去$ tsoe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$tsoe-tsoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡sø³³ t͡sø⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: trjenX trjwenX
Rime :
| Character | 輾 | 轉 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 知 (9) |
| Final (韻) | 仙 (79) | 仙 (80) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 知演切 | 陟兖切 |
| Baxter | trjenX | trjwenX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈˠiᴇn$^X$/ | /ʈˠiuᴇn$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈᵚiɛn$^X$/ | /ʈʷᵚiɛn$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶiæn$^X$/ | /ȶiuæn$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈian$^X$/ | /ʈwian$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶjɛn$^X$/ | /ȶjuɛn$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶĭɛn$^X$/ | /ȶĭwɛn$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶi̯ɛn$^X$/ | /ȶi̯wɛn$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhǎn | zhuǎn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zin$^2$ | zyun$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tre[n]ʔ tronʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tenʔ tonʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 輾 | 轉 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhǎn | zhuǎn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trjen$^X$ › | ‹ trjwen$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tre[n]ʔ/ | /*tronʔ/ |
| English | 輾轉 toss and turn (Ode 1.2, 145.3) | 輾轉 toss and turn ((Ode 1.2, 145.3) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 輾 | 轉 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/2 |
| No. | 16783 | 17674 |
| Phonetic component | 展 | 專 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 展 | 轉 |
| Old Chinese | /*tenʔ/ | /*tonʔ/ |

#### Verb

輾轉
* to toss and turn (in bed)
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Yǒu měi yī rén, shuòdà qiě yǎn. Wùmèi wúwéi, zhǎnzhuǎn fúzhěn. [Pinyin]
    There is the beautiful lady; Tall and large, and majestic. Waking or sleeping, I do nothing; On my side, on my back, with my face on the pillow, I lie.
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Qiú zhī bù dé, wùmèi sīfú. Yōuzāi yōuzāi, zhǎnzhuǎn fǎncè. [Pinyin]
    He sought her and found her not, And waking and sleeping he thought about her. Long he thought; oh! long and anxiously; On his side, on his back, he turned, and back again.
* to pass through many hands or places

##### Synonyms

* 宛轉

##### Derived terms

* 輾轉不寐／辗转不寐
* 輾轉伏枕／辗转伏枕
* 輾轉反側／辗转反侧 (zhǎnzhuǎnfǎncè)
* 輾轉思念／辗转思念
* 輾轉推託／辗转推托
* 輾轉相傳／辗转相传
* 輾轉相除法／辗转相除法 (zhǎnzhuǎnxiāngchúfǎ)

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lúnzhuàn
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄨㄢˋ
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lìn-tńg / lìn-túiⁿ / liàn-tńg / lián-tńg
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lúnzhuàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄨㄣˊ ㄓㄨㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lúnjhuàn
*** Wade–Giles: lun$^2$-chuan$^4$
*** Yale: lwún-jwàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: luenjuann
*** Palladius: луньчжуань (lunʹčžuanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /lu̯ən³⁵ ʈ͡ʂu̯än⁵¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lìn-tńg
*** Tâi-lô: lìn-tńg
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liend'ngr
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lin²¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lin¹¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lin⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tŋ̍⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lin²¹⁻⁴¹ tŋ̍⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lìn-túiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: lìn-tuínn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liendvuie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lin²¹⁻⁵³ tuĩ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liàn-tńg
*** Tâi-lô: liàn-tńg
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liernd'ngr
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɛn¹¹⁻⁵³ tŋ̍⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn²¹⁻⁴¹ tŋ̍⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lián-tńg
*** Tâi-lô: lián-tńg
*** Phofsit Daibuun: liefnd'ngr
*** IPA (Taipei): /liɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tŋ̍⁴¹/

#### Adjective

輾轉
* (Southern Min; or Taiwanese Mandarin in reference to Taiwanese proficiency) fluent; smooth
    不輪轉的台語／不轮转的台语 [Taiwanese Mandarin] ― bù lúnzhuàn de táiyǔ [Pinyin] ― non-fluent Taiwanese

#### Classifier

輾轉
* (Mainland China Hokkien) Classifier for small rotations.

#### Derived terms

* 反輾轉／反辗转
* 四箍輾轉／四箍辗转
* 踅輾轉／踅辗转

### References

* “Entry #12463”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.