# 巉

| 巉 | U+5DC9, &#24009; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5DC9 |
| ← 巈 [U+5DC8] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 巊 → [U+5DCA] |

## Translingual
### Han character

巉 (Kangxi radical 46, 山+17, 20 strokes, cangjie input 山弓口戈 (UNRI), four-corner 2771$_6$, composition ⿰山毚)
* steep, rugged, jagged, precipitous

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 322, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 8618
* Dae Jaweon: page 622, character 36
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 806, character 15
* Unihan data for U+5DC9

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 纔 | *zlɯː, *zlɯːs, *sraːm |
| 讒 | *zrɯːm, *zraːms |
| 饞 | *zrɯːm |
| 毚 | *zrɯːm, *zraːm |
| 欃 | *zrɯːm, *zraːms |
| 攙 | *zrɯːm, *sʰraːm |
| 儳 | *zrɯːm, *zrɯːms, *sʰraːms |
| 酁 | *zrɯːm |
| 瀺 | *zrɯːmʔ |
| 嚵 | *sʰraːms, *zraːm, *zlamʔ |
| 巉 | *zraːm, *zraːmʔ |
| 劖 | *zraːm |
| 艬 | *zraːm, *zraːms |
| 鑱 | *zraːm, *zraːms |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chán (chan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caam$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chán
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chán
*** Wade–Giles: chʻan$^2$
*** Yale: chán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: charn
*** Palladius: чань (čanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰän³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caam$^4$
*** Yale: chàahm
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaam$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cam$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaːm²¹/
* Middle Chinese: dzraem, dzraemX
Rime :
| Character | 巉 | 巉 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 崇 (20) | 崇 (20) |
| Final (韻) | 銜 (149) | 銜 (149) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 鋤銜切 | 仕檻切 |
| Baxter | dzraem | dzraemX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡ʒˠam/ | /d͡ʒˠam$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɖ͡ʐᵚam/ | /ɖ͡ʐᵚam$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ʒam/ | /d͡ʒam$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɖ͡ʐaɨm/ | /ɖ͡ʐaɨm$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ʒam/ | /d͡ʒam$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ʒam/ | /d͡ʒam$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɖ͡ʐʱam/ | /ɖ͡ʐʱam$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chán | zhàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caam$^4$ | zaam$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zraːm/, /*zraːmʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 巉 | 巉 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 1233 | 1239 |
| Phonetic component | 毚 | 毚 |
| Rime group | 談 | 談 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 巉 | 巉 |
| Old Chinese | /*zraːm/ | /*zraːmʔ/ |

### Definitions

巉
* precipitous; steep
* jagged; towering; overlapping

#### Compounds

* 嵌巉
* 巉岏
* 巉岩 (chányán)
* 巉峭
* 巉峻 (chánjùn)
* 巉崖
* 巉嶮／巉崄
* 巉巉 (chánchán)
* 巉巖／巉岩 (chányán)
* 巖巉／岩巉 (yánchán)
* 靜巉巉／静巉巉

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B00908

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* rugged, steep, jagged (as of a mountain range)

#### Readings

* Go-on: ぜん (zen)
* Kan-on: さん (san)
* Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 巉
* ざん Hyōgai
* kan'yōon
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 巉 (MC dzraem|dzraemX).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [d͡zã̠ɴ]

### Affix

巉(ざん) • (zan)
* (rare) rugged, steep, jagged (as of a mountain range)

#### Derived terms

* 巉巌(ざんがん) (zangan, “jagged and steep”, said of a mountain)
    Listed as a -na adjective, but only observed in use as an adverb using particle に (ni).
* 巉岸(ざんがん) (zangan, “a jagged and steep bank or shore”)

### References

* ↑ “巉巖”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006

## Korean
### Hanja

巉 (eum 참 (cham))
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.