# 姑蘇
## Chinese

* 姑蘇 (Written Standard Chinese)
* Gusu District (English)

### Etymology

From the nearby Mount Gusu, likely loaned phonetically from an earlier Wu placename. Variously attested as 姑胥 (OC *kaː sŋa) in later writings that referred to the Kingdom of Wu era, possibly with Tai links (Zhengzhang, 1991).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Gūsū
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨ ㄙㄨ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gu$^1$ sou$^1$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^1$ku-su$_1$ / $^1$kou-sou$_1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Gūsū
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨ ㄙㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Gusu
*** Wade–Giles: Ku$^1$-su$^1$
*** Yale: Gū-sū
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Gusu
*** Palladius: Гусу (Gusu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku⁵⁵ su⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gu$^1$ sou$^1$
*** Yale: gū sōu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gu$^1$ sou$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gu$^1$ sou$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kuː⁵⁵ sou̯⁵⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$ku-su$_1$
*** MiniDict: ku$^平$ su$^平$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$ku-su$_1$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ku⁵⁵ su²¹/
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^1$kou-sou$_1$
*** MiniDict: kou$^平$ sou$^平$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /kəu⁴⁴ səu/
* Middle Chinese: ku su
Rime :
| Character | 姑 | 蘇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 模 (23) | 模 (23) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古胡切 | 素姑切 |
| Baxter | ku | su |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kuo/ | /suo/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kuo/ | /suo/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ko/ | /so/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kɔ/ | /sɔ/ |
| Li Rong | /ko/ | /so/ |
| Wang Li | /ku/ | /su/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kuo/ | /suo/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gū | sū |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gu$^1$ | sou$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤa s-ŋˤa/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaː sŋaː/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 姑 | 蘇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | gū | sū |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ku › | ‹ su › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁa/ | /*s-ŋˁa/ |
| English | father"s sister | revive |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 姑 | 蘇 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 4212 | 15937 |
| Phonetic component | 古 | 魚 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孤 | 蘇 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaː/ | /*sŋaː/ |

### Proper noun

姑蘇
* (～城) (historical) The capital of the state of Wu during the Zhou dynasty; a former city located at the site of present-day Suzhou
    From: Xunzi, c. 3rd century BCE
    Rǔ yǐ jiàn zhě wéi bì yòng yé? Wú Zǐxū bù zhé Gūsū dōngmén wài hū! [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (～區) Gusu, a district of modern Suzhou, established in 2012 and comprising the Old City and downtown
* (～山) Mount Gusu, a mountain near Suzhou
* (～臺) Gusu Tower, a tower on Mount Gusu believed to have been built by King Fuchai of Wu
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Jū jūn sān nián, Wú shī zì kuì. Wú wáng shuài qí xiánliáng, yǔ qí zhònglù, yǐ shàng Gūsū. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (by metonymy, literary) Suzhou itself
    From: c. 8th century, Zhang Ji, 楓橋夜泊 (A Night Mooring Near Maple Bridge), translation based on Witter Bynner's translation
    Gūsū chéng wài Hánshān Sì, yèbàn zhōngshēng dào kèchuán. [Pinyin]
    And I hear, from beyond Suzhou, from the temple on Cold Mountain, Ringing for me, here in my boat, the midnight bell.

#### Synonyms

* (Suzhou City): 蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu)

#### Derived terms

* 姑蘇島／姑苏岛 (Gūsūdǎo)
* 姑蘇臺／姑苏台
* 蘇州／苏州 (Sūzhōu, “Suzhou”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 姑 | 蘇 |

### Proper noun

姑蘇
* chữ Hán form of Cô Tô.