# gwrando
## Welsh
### Etymology

From gwar- (“super-”) +‎ andaw (“listen”), either from (or equivalent to) an- (“intensive prefix”) +‎ taw (“silence”) or by metathesis from Middle Welsh *adnaw (“attend to”) cognate with Latin navus (“active, busy”).

### Pronunciation

* (North Wales) IPA: /ˈɡwrandɔ/
* (South Wales, standard, colloquial) IPA: /ˈɡwrandɔ/
** (South Wales, colloquial) IPA: /ˈɡrandɔ/, /ˈɡrɪndɔ/
* Rhymes: -andɔ

### Verb

gwrando (first-person singular present gwrandawaf)
* to listen
    Dw i’n gwrando ar y radio.I’m listening to the radio.

#### Conjugation

| | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | impersonal | impersonal |
| | first | second | third | first | second | third | impersonal | impersonal |
| present indicative/future | gwrandawaf | gwarandewi | gwrendy | gwrandawn | gwarandewch | gwrandawant | gwarandewir |
| imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/conditional | gwrandawn | gwrandawit | gwrandawai | gwrandawem | gwrandawech | gwrandawent | gwarandewid |
| preterite | gwarandewais | gwarandewaist | gwrandawodd | gwrandawsom | gwrandawsoch | gwrandawsant | gwrandawyd |
| pluperfect | gwrandawswn | gwrandawsit | gwrandawsai | gwrandawsem | gwrandawsech | gwrandawsent | gwrandawsid, gwarandewsid |
| present subjunctive | gwrandawyf | gwarandewych | gwrandawo | gwrandawom | gwrandawoch | gwrandawont | gwrandawer |
| imperative | — | gwrando | gwrandawed | gwrandawn | gwarandewch | gwrandawent | gwrandawer |
| verbal noun | gwrando | gwrando | gwrando | gwrando | gwrando | gwrando | gwrando |
| verbal adjectives | gwrandawedig gwrandawadwy | gwrandawedig gwrandawadwy | gwrandawedig gwrandawadwy | gwrandawedig gwrandawadwy | gwrandawedig gwrandawadwy | gwrandawedig gwrandawadwy | gwrandawedig gwrandawadwy |
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| Inflected colloquial forms | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| future | gwrandawa i, gwrandawaf i | gwrandawi di | gwrandawith o/e/hi, gwrandawiff e/hi | gwrandawn ni | gwrandewch chi | gwrandawan nhw |
| conditional | gwrandawn i, gwrandawswn i | gwrandawet ti, gwrandawset ti | gwrandawai fo/fe/hi, gwrandawsai fo/fe/hi | gwrandawen ni, gwrandawsen ni | gwrandawech chi, gwrandawsech chi | gwrandawen nhw, gwrandawsen nhw |
| preterite | gwrandawais i, gwrandawes i | gwrandawaist ti, gwrandawest ti | gwrandawodd o/e/hi | gwrandawon ni | gwrandawoch chi | gwrandawon nhw |
| imperative | — | gwranda | — | — | gwrandewch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |||||||
| Inflected colloquial forms | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| Inflected colloquial forms | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| future | gwranda i, gwrandaf i | gwrandi di | gwrandith o/e/hi, gwrandiff e/hi | gwrandwn ni | gwrandwch chi | gwrandan nhw |
| conditional | gwrandwn i, gwrandswn i | gwrandet ti, gwrandset ti | gwrandai fo/fe/hi, gwrandsai fo/fe/hi | gwranden ni, gwrandsen ni | gwrandech chi, gwrandsech chi | gwranden nhw, gwrandsen nhw |
| preterite | gwrandais i, gwrandes i | gwrandaist ti, gwrandest ti | gwrandodd o/e/hi | gwrandon ni | gwrandoch chi | gwrandon nhw |
| imperative | — | gwranda | — | — | gwrandwch | — |
| Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |||||||

### References

* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “gwrando”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “andaw”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies
* ↑ Morris Jones, John (1913) A Welsh Grammar, Historical and Comparative, Oxford: Clarendon Press, § 76 iii 1