# ⲧⲱⲡⲉ
## Coptic
### Verb

ⲧⲱⲡⲉ • (tōpe) (nominal state ⲧⲱⲡ- or ⲧⲉⲡ-, pronominal state ⲧⲱⲡ⸗ or ⲧⲟⲡ⸗)
* (Sahidic, intransitive) to taste
    Synonym: ϫⲓϯⲡⲉ (čitipe)

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲡⲉ tōpe | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲡⲉ tōpe |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ tm̄tōpe | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pr̄tōpe |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲱⲡⲉ titōpe | ⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ ktōpe | ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ tetōpe | ϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ ftōpe | ⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ stōpe | ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ tn̄tōpe | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ tetn̄tōpe | ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ setōpe | ⲧⲱⲡⲉ tōpe |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ eïtōpe | ⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ ektōpe | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ eretōpe | ⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ eftōpe | ⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ estōpe | ⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ entōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etetn̄tōpe | ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ eutōpe | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ ere- tōpe |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲱⲡⲉ etitōpe | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etk̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ etetōpe, eteretōpe | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etf̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ ets̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etn̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etetn̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ etoutōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etere- tōpe |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ neïtōpe | ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ nektōpe | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ neretōpe | ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ neftōpe | ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ nestōpe | ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ nentōpe | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ netetn̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ neutōpe | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nere- tōpe |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ tinatōpe | ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ knatōpe | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ tenatōpe | ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ fnatōpe | ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ snatōpe | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ tn̄natōpe | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ tetnatōpe | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ senatōpe | ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ natōpe |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ eïnatōpe | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ eknatōpe | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ erenatōpe | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ efnatōpe | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ esnatōpe | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ ennatōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ etetnatōpe | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ eunatōpe | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ ere- natōpe |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ etinatōpe | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ etk̄natōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ etenatōpe, eterenatōpe | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ etf̄natōpe | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ ets̄natōpe | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ etn̄natōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ etetnatōpe | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ etounatōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ etere- natōpe |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ neïnatōpe | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ neknatōpe | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ nerenatōpe | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ nefnatōpe | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ nesnatōpe | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ nennatōpe | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ netetnatōpe | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ neunatōpe | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ nere- natōpe |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ aïtōpe | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ aktōpe | ⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲁⲣⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ atōpe, artōpe, aretōpe | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ aftōpe | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ astōpe | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ antōpe | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ atetn̄tōpe | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ autōpe | ⲁ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ a- tōpe |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pitōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pk̄tōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄petōpe, m̄pr̄tōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pf̄tōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄ps̄tōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pn̄tōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄petn̄tōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄poutōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pe- tōpe |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ eaïtōpe | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ eaktōpe | ⲉⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ eatōpe, eartōpe, earetōpe | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ eaftōpe | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ eastōpe | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ eantōpe | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ eatetn̄tōpe | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ eautōpe | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ ea- tōpe |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄pitōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄pk̄tōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄petōpe, em̄pr̄tōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄pf̄tōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄ps̄tōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄pn̄tōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄petn̄tōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄poutōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄pe- tōpe |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ entaïtōpe, n̄taïtōpe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ entaktōpe, n̄taktōpe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ entatōpe, n̄tatōpe, entartōpe, n̄tartōpe, entaretōpe, n̄taretōpe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ entaftōpe, n̄taftōpe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ entastōpe, n̄tastōpe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ entantōpe, n̄tantōpe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ entatetn̄tōpe, n̄tatetn̄tōpe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ entautōpe, n̄tautōpe | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ enta- tōpe, n̄ta- tōpe |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pitōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pk̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄petōpe, etem̄pr̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pf̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄ps̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pn̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄petn̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄poutōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pe- tōpe |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ neaïtōpe | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ neaktōpe | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ neatōpe, neartōpe, nearetōpe | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ neaftōpe | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ neastōpe | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ neantōpe | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ neatetn̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ neautōpe | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nea- tōpe |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pitōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pk̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄petōpe, nem̄pr̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pf̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄ps̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pn̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄petn̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄poutōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pe- tōpe |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄taïtōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄taktōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄tatōpe, n̄tartōpe, n̄taretōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄taftōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄tastōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄tantōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄tatetn̄tōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄tautōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄ta- tōpe |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄patitōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄patk̄tōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄patetōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄patf̄tōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pats̄tōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄patn̄tōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄patetn̄tōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄patoutōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pate- tōpe |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄patitōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄patk̄tōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄patetōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄patf̄tōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄pats̄tōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄patn̄tōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄patetn̄tōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄patoutōpe | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ em̄pate- tōpe |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patitōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patk̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patetōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patf̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pats̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patn̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patetn̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄patoutōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etem̄pate- tōpe |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patitōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patk̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patetōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patf̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pats̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patn̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patetn̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄patoutōpe | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nem̄pate- tōpe |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ šaïtōpe | ϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ šaktōpe | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ šaretōpe | ϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ šaftōpe | ϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ šastōpe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ šantōpe | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ šatetn̄tōpe | ϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ šautōpe | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ šare- tōpe |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ meïtōpe | ⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ mektōpe | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ meretōpe | ⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ meftōpe | ⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ mestōpe | ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ mentōpe | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ metetn̄tōpe | ⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ meutōpe | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ mere- tōpe |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ ešaïtōpe | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ ešaktōpe | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ ešaretōpe | ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ ešaftōpe | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ ešastōpe | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ ešantōpe | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ ešatetn̄tōpe | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ ešautōpe | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ ešare- tōpe |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ emeïtōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ emektōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ emeretōpe | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ emeftōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ emestōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ ementōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ emetetn̄tōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ emeutōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ emere- tōpe |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etešaïtōpe, ešaïtōpe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ etešaktōpe, ešaktōpe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ etešaretōpe, ešaretōpe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ etešaftōpe, ešaftōpe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ etešastōpe, ešastōpe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ etešantōpe, ešantōpe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etešatetn̄tōpe, ešatetn̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ etešautōpe, ešautōpe | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etešare- tōpe, ešare- tōpe |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etemeïtōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ etemektōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ etemeretōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ etemeftōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ etemestōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ etementōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etemetetn̄tōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ etemeutōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etemere- tōpe |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nešaïtōpe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ nešaktōpe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ nešaretōpe | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ nešaftōpe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ nešastōpe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ nešantōpe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nešatetn̄tōpe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ nešautōpe | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nešare- tōpe |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nemeïtōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ nemektōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ nemeretōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ nemeftōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ nemestōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ nementōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nemetetn̄tōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ nemeutōpe | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ nemere- tōpe |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ emeïtōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ emektōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ emeretōpe | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ emeftōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ emestōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ ementōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ emetetn̄tōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ emeutōpe | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ emere- tōpe |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ eïetōpe | ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ eketōpe | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ eretōpe | ⲉϥⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ efetōpe | ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ esetōpe | ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ enetōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ etetnetōpe | ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ euetōpe | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ ere- tōpe |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄natōpe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄nektōpe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄netōpe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄neftōpe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄nestōpe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄nentōpe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄netn̄tōpe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄neutōpe | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄ne- tōpe |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲡⲉ maritōpe | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ mareftōpe | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ marestōpe | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ marn̄tōpe | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ maroutōpe | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ mare- tōpe |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pr̄tratōpe | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pr̄treftōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pr̄trestōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pr̄trentōpe | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pr̄treutōpe | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ m̄pr̄tre- tōpe |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄tatōpe, tatōpe | ⲛ̄ⲅⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄gtōpe, n̄ktōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄tetōpe | ⲛ̄ϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄ftōpe | ⲛ̄ⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄stōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄tn̄tōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄tetn̄tōpe | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄setōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄te- tōpe |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲡⲉ taritōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ tarektōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ taretōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ tareftōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ tarestōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ tarn̄tōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ taretn̄tōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ taroutōpe | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ tare- tōpe |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄teritōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄terektōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄teretōpe, n̄terertōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄tereftōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄terestōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄tern̄tōpe, n̄terentōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄teretn̄tōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄teroutōpe | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ n̄tere- tōpe |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲧⲱⲡⲉ šantitōpe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ šantk̄tōpe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ šantetōpe | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ šantf̄tōpe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ šants̄tōpe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ šantn̄tōpe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ šantetn̄tōpe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ šantoutōpe | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ šante- tōpe |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ eïšantōpe | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ ekšantōpe | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ eršantōpe, erešantōpe | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ efšantōpe | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ esšantōpe | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ enšantōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ etetn̄šantōpe | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ eušantōpe | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ eršan- tōpe |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲡⲉ eïtōpe | ⲉⲕⲧⲱⲡⲉ ektōpe | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲡⲉ eretōpe | ⲉϥⲧⲱⲡⲉ eftōpe | ⲉⲥⲧⲱⲡⲉ estōpe | ⲉⲛⲧⲱⲡⲉ entōpe | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲡⲉ etetn̄tōpe | ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲡⲉ eutōpe | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲡⲉ ere- tōpe |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### References

* TLA lemma no. C4418 (ⲧⲱⲡⲉ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA), (accessed 2024-09-12).
* Marcion Coptic dictionary