# 以怨報德
## Chinese

| | | to use; according to; so as toto use; according to; so as to; in order to; by; with; because; Israel (abbrev.) | blame; complain | to repay someone's kindness |
| trad. (以怨報德) | trad. (以怨報德) | 以 | 怨 | 報德 |
| simp. (以怨报德) | simp. (以怨报德) | 以 | 怨 | 报德 |
| anagram | anagram | 以德報怨／以德报怨 | 以德報怨／以德报怨 | 以德報怨／以德报怨 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǐyuànbàodé
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˇ ㄩㄢˋ ㄅㄠˋ ㄉㄜˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^5$ jyun$^3$ bou$^3$ dak$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǐyuànbàodé
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˇ ㄩㄢˋ ㄅㄠˋ ㄉㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǐyuànbàodé
*** Wade–Giles: i$^3$-yüan$^4$-pao$^4$-tê$^2$
*** Yale: yǐ-ywàn-bàu-dé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiiyuannbawder
*** Palladius: июаньбаодэ (ijuanʹbaodɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /i²¹⁴⁻²¹ ɥɛn⁵¹⁻⁵³ pɑʊ̯⁵¹ tɤ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^5$ jyun$^3$ bou$^3$ dak$^1$
*** Yale: yíh yun bou dāk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^5$ jyn$^3$ bou$^3$ dak$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^5$ yun$^3$ bou$^3$ deg$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː¹³ jyːn³³ pou̯³³ tɐk̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: yiX 'jwon|'jwonH pawH tok
Rime :
| Character | 以 | 怨 | 怨 | 報 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 影 (34) | 影 (34) | 幫 (1) | 端 (5) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 元 (66) | 元 (66) | 豪 (89) | 德 (131) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed | Closed | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | I | I |
| Fanqie | 羊己切 | 於袁切 | 於願切 | 博耗切 | 多則切 |
| Baxter | yiX | 'jwon | 'jwonH | pawH | tok |
| Reconstructions ||||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨ$^X$/ | /ʔʉɐn/ | /ʔʉɐn$^H$/ | /pɑu$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jɨ$^X$/ | /ʔʷiɐn/ | /ʔʷiɐn$^H$/ | /pɑu$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ie$^X$/ | /ʔiuɐn/ | /ʔiuɐn$^H$/ | /pɑu$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /jɨ$^X$/ | /ʔuan/ | /ʔuan$^H$/ | /paw$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Li Rong | /iə$^X$/ | /ʔiuɐn/ | /ʔiuɐn$^H$/ | /pɑu$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭə$^X$/ | /ĭwɐn/ | /ĭwɐn$^H$/ | /pɑu$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i$^X$/ | /ʔi̯wɐn/ | /ʔi̯wɐn$^H$/ | /pɑu$^H$/ | /tək̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yǐ | yuān | yuàn | bào | de |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^5$ | jyun$^1$ | jyun$^3$ | bou$^3$ | dak$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ləʔ [ʔ]o[r]-s pˤuk-s tˤək/
    (Zhengzhang): /*lɯʔ qon|qons puːɡs tɯːɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 以 | 怨 | 報 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yǐ | yuàn | bào | dé |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ yi$^X$ › | ‹ ʔjwon$^H$ › | ‹ paw$^H$ › | ‹ tok › |
| Old Chinese | /*ləʔ/ | /*[ʔ]o[r]-s/ | /*pˁuk-s/ | /*tˁək/ |
| English | take, use | resentment | repay | virtue |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 以 | 怨 | 怨 | 報 | 德 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 14929 | 16286 | 16305 | 329 | 17266 |
| Phonetic component | 以 | 夗 | 夗 | 報 | 直 |
| Rime group | 之 | 元 | 元 | 奧 | 職 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 以 | 鴛 | 怨 | 報 | 德 |
| Old Chinese | /*lɯʔ/ | /*qon/ | /*qons/ | /*puːɡs/ | /*tɯːɡ/ |

### Idiom

以怨報德
* to return evil for good; to return injury for kindness; to bite the hand that feeds one
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zǐ yuē: “Yǐ dé bào yuàn, zé kuānshēn zhī rén yě; yǐ yuàn bào dé, zé xínglù zhī mín yě.” [Pinyin]
    The Master said, ‘They who return kindness for injury are such as have a regard for their own persons. They who return injury for kindness are men to be punished and put to death.’

#### Synonyms

* 恩將仇報／恩将仇报 (ēnjiāngchóubào)

#### See also

* 以德報怨／以德报怨 (yǐdébàoyuàn)