# 餓死
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): èsǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ ㄙˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngo$^6$ sei$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngo-sí
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): gō--sí
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: èsǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ ㄙˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: èsǐh
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$-ssŭ$^3$
*** Yale: è-sž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ehsyy
*** Palladius: эсы (esy)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹ sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngo$^6$ sei$^2$
*** Yale: ngoh séi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngo$^6$ sei$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngo$^6$ séi$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɔː²² sei̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngo-sí
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngo xi$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngo$^4$ xi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋo⁵⁵ si³¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gō--sí
*** Tâi-lô: gō--sí

### Verb

餓⫽死 (verb-complement)
* (intransitive, transitive) to starve to death; to die of starvation
    From: Tang Dynasty, 李紳 [Li Shen], 憫農 [Pitying the Farmer]
    Sìhǎi wú xián tián, nóngfū yóu èsǐ. [Pinyin]
    Not a field in the land is dormant, yet farmers still starve to death.
* (intransitive) to be extremely hungry

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 殍 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 餓死 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 餓死 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 餓死 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 餓死 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 餓死 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 餓死 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 餓死 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 餓死 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 餓死 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 餓死 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 餓死 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 餓死, 枵死 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 枵死 |

#### Derived terms

* 餓死事小，失節事大／饿死事小，失节事大 (èsǐ shì xiǎo, shījié shì dà)
* 餓死鬼投胎／饿死鬼投胎

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 餓 | 死 |
| が Grade: S | し Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) がし [gáꜜshì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡa̠ɕi]

### Noun

餓(が)死(し) • (gashi)
* starvation
* death from starvation

### Verb

餓(が)死(し)する • (gashi suru) intransitive suru (stem 餓(が)死(し)し (gashi shi), past 餓(が)死(し)した (gashi shita))
* to starve
* to starve to death
* to die from hunger/starvation

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 餓死し | がしし | gashi shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 餓死し | がしし | gashi shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 餓死する | がしする | gashi suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 餓死する | がしする | gashi suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 餓死すれ | がしすれ | gashi sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 餓死せよ¹ 餓死しろ² | がしせよ¹ がししろ² | gashi seyo¹ gashi shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 餓死される | がしされる | gashi sareru |
| Causative | 餓死させる 餓死さす | がしさせる がしさす | gashi saseru gashi sasu |
| Potential | 餓死できる | がしできる | gashi dekiru |
| Volitional | 餓死しよう | がししよう | gashi shiyō |
| Negative | 餓死しない | がししない | gashi shinai |
| Negative continuative | 餓死せず | がしせず | gashi sezu |
| Formal | 餓死します | がしします | gashi shimasu |
| Perfective | 餓死した | がしした | gashi shita |
| Conjunctive | 餓死して | がしして | gashi shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 餓死すれば | がしすれば | gashi sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 餓 | 死 |

### Noun

餓死 • (asa) (hangeul 아사)
* hanja form of 아사 (“death from starvation”)