# 知性
## Chinese

* 知性

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhīxìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄓ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^1$ sing$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): ti-sèng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhīxìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄓ ㄒㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhihsìng
*** Wade–Giles: chih$^1$-hsing$^4$
*** Yale: jr̄-syìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyshinq
*** Palladius: чжисин (čžisin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵⁵ ɕiŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^1$ sing$^3$
*** Yale: jī sing
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^1$ sing$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^1$ xing$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː⁵⁵ sɪŋ³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ti-sèng
*** Tâi-lô: ti-sìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: disexng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ti⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ti³³ siɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ti⁴⁴⁻²² siɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ti⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ti⁴⁴⁻³³ siɪŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: trje sjengH
Rime :
| Character | 知 | 性 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 知 (9) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 支 (11) | 清 (121) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 陟移切 | 息正切 |
| Baxter | trje | sjengH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʈiᴇ/ | /siᴇŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈiɛ/ | /siɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ȶjɛ/ | /siæŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈiə̆/ | /siajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ȶie/ | /siɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ȶǐe/ | /sĭɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ȶie̯/ | /si̯ɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhī | xìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zi$^1$ | sing$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*tre seŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔl'e sleŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 知 | 性 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhī | xìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ trje › | ‹ sjeng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*tre/ | /*seŋ-s/ |
| English | know | nature |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 知 | 性 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11495 | 11358 |
| Phonetic component | 矢 | 生 |
| Rime group | 支 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 性 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔl'e/ | /*sleŋs/ |
| Notes | 沈兼士依韻會所引說文從口矢聲 | |

### Adjective

知性
* knowledgeful
* (usually of a woman) intelligent and thoughtful; astute and knowledgeable

#### Derived terms

* 知性之旅

### Verb

知性
* to understand one's inherent nature

### Noun

知性
* wisdom
    From: 漢·班固《游居賦》
    Měi Zhōu Wǔ zhī zhīxìng, móu rén shén yǐ dòngzuò. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* Verstand

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 知性(ちせい) (chisei)
* → Korean: 지성(知性) (jiseong)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 知 | 性 |
| ち Grade: 2 | せい Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 知性 (MC trje sjengH).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ちせー [chíꜜsèè] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) ちせー [chìséꜜè] (Nakadaka –)
* (Tokyo) ちせー [chìséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡ɕi̥se̞ː]

### Noun

知(ち)性(せい) • (chisei)
* intellect, intelligence, smarts
    あの子(こ)は知(ち)性(せい)があるよね。
       Ano ko wa chisei ga aru yo ne.
       That kid's got smarts. / That kid is intelligent.
* mind, logical thinking, as opposed to the emotions
    この二人(ふたり)は知(ち)性(せい)と感(かん)情(じょう)両(りょう)方(ほう)で分(わ)かち合(あ)います。
       Kono futari wa chisei to kanjō ryōhō de wakachiaimasu.
       These two understand each other, both mind and heart.

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN