# 疑問
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yíwèn
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˊ ㄨㄣˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^4$ man$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): ngì-mun
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): gî-būn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ghi$^5$ mung$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yíwèn
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˊ ㄨㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yíwùn
*** Wade–Giles: i$^2$-wên$^4$
*** Yale: yí-wèn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yiwenn
*** Palladius: ивэнь (ivɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /i³⁵ wən⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^4$ man$^6$
*** Yale: yìh mahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^4$ man$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^4$ men$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː²¹ mɐn²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ngì-mun
*** Hakka Romanization System: ngi$^ˇ$ mun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: ngi$^2$ mun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ŋi¹¹ mun⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gî-būn
*** Tâi-lô: gî-būn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gi'bun
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡi²⁴⁻²² bun²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡi²⁴⁻²² bun⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ɡi¹³⁻²² bun²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡi²⁴⁻¹¹ bun³³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡi²³⁻³³ bun³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ghi$^5$ mung$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: gî mūng
*** Sinological IPA : /ɡi⁵⁵⁻¹¹ muŋ¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: ngi mjunH
Rime :
| Character | 疑 | 問 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 之 (19) | 文 (59) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 語其切 | 亡運切 |
| Baxter | ngi | mjunH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋɨ/ | /mɨun$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋɨ/ | /miun$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋie/ | /miuən$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋɨ/ | /mun$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋiə/ | /miuən$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋĭə/ | /mĭuən$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋi/ | /mi̯uən$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yí | wèn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ji$^4$ | man$^6$ |

### Noun

疑問
* query; question; doubt
       Wúlùn héshí hédì, zhǐyào nǐ yǒu kùnnan huò yǒu rènhé yíwèn, dōu huānyíng suíshí liánxì wǒ. [Pinyin]
       No matter when or where you have any difficulties or questions, please feel free to contact me.

#### Synonyms

* 問話／问话 (wènhuà)
* 問題／问题 (wèntí)
* 提問／提问 (tíwèn)

#### Derived terms

* 毫無疑問／毫无疑问 (háowúyíwèn)
* 疑問代詞／疑问代词 (yíwèn dàicí)

#### Related terms

* 無疑／无疑 (wúyí)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 疑 | 問 |
| ぎ Grade: 6 | もん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi | goon |

### Etymology

Ultimately from Middle Chinese 疑問 (MC ngi mjunH, literally “doubt, suspicion + ask”), apparently borrowed later as a learned borrowing from Literary Chinese of the same source term.
First attested in the early 1600s.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぎもん [gìmóń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡʲimõ̞ɴ]

### Noun

疑(ぎ)問(もん) • (gimon)
* [from early 1600s] a question (implies a doubt about something)
    Synonym: (neutral, no nuances of doubt) 質問 (shitsumon)
* [from 1887] a doubt or suspicion about whether something is real or true

### Verb

疑(ぎ)問(もん)する • (gimon suru) suru (stem 疑(ぎ)問(もん)し (gimon shi), past 疑(ぎ)問(もん)した (gimon shita))
* [from early 1600s] to ask (implies a doubt about something)
    Synonym: (neutral, no nuances of doubt) 質問する (shitsumon suru)
* [from 1887] to doubt or suspect that something might not be real or true

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 疑問し | ぎもんし | gimon shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 疑問し | ぎもんし | gimon shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 疑問する | ぎもんする | gimon suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 疑問する | ぎもんする | gimon suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 疑問すれ | ぎもんすれ | gimon sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 疑問せよ¹ 疑問しろ² | ぎもんせよ¹ ぎもんしろ² | gimon seyo¹ gimon shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 疑問される | ぎもんされる | gimon sareru |
| Causative | 疑問させる 疑問さす | ぎもんさせる ぎもんさす | gimon saseru gimon sasu |
| Potential | 疑問できる | ぎもんできる | gimon dekiru |
| Volitional | 疑問しよう | ぎもんしよう | gimon shiyō |
| Negative | 疑問しない | ぎもんしない | gimon shinai |
| Negative continuative | 疑問せず | ぎもんせず | gimon sezu |
| Formal | 疑問します | ぎもんします | gimon shimasu |
| Perfective | 疑問した | ぎもんした | gimon shita |
| Conjunctive | 疑問して | ぎもんして | gimon shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 疑問すれば | ぎもんすれば | gimon sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 疑 | 問 |

### Noun

疑問 • (uimun) (hangeul 의문)
* hanja form of 의문 (“doubt”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 疑 | 問 |

### Noun

疑問
* chữ Hán form of nghi vấn (“doubt”).

### Adjective

疑問
* chữ Hán form of nghi vấn (“doubtful”).