OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ащ рикӏорэр
## Adyghe
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [aːɕ rəjkʷʼarar]

### Phrase

ащ рикӏорэр • (aś rikʷʼorɛr)
* about that
    Ащ рикӏорэр сышӏэрэпAś rikʷʼorɛr səšʼɛrɛpAbout that, I don't know.

### See also

* сыд рикӏорэр
# отсылкой
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐt͡sˈsɨɫkəj]

### Noun

отсы́лкой • (otsýlkoj) f inan
* instrumental singular of отсы́лка (otsýlka)
# bowlingklots
## Swedish
### Noun

bowlingklots
* indefinite genitive singular of bowlingklot
* indefinite genitive plural of bowlingklot
# galardonáramos
## Spanish
### Verb

galardonáramos
* first-person plural imperfect subjunctive of galardonar
# frisläppta
## Swedish
### Adjective

frisläppta
* inflection of frisläppt:
** definite singular
** plural
# Cane maggiore
## Italian
### Proper noun

Cane maggiore ?
* (astronomy) Canis Major (constellation)
# suvalgyk
## Lithuanian
### Verb

suvalgyk
* second-person singular imperative of suvalgyti
# llaminés
## Catalan
### Verb

llaminés
* first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of llaminar
# бензиновую колонку
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʲɪn⁽ʲ⁾ˈzʲinəvʊjʊ kɐˈɫonkʊ]

### Noun

бензи́новую коло́нку • (benzínovuju kolónku) f inan
* accusative singular of бензи́новая коло́нка (benzínovaja kolónka)
# отсылке
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐt͡sˈsɨɫkʲe]

### Noun

отсы́лке • (otsýlke) f inan
* dative/prepositional singular of отсы́лка (otsýlka)
# bowlinghallarna
## Swedish
### Noun

bowlinghallarna
* definite plural of bowlinghall
# galardonás
## Spanish
### Verb

galardonás
* second-person singular voseo present indicative of galardonar
# frisläpper
## Swedish
### Verb

frisläpper
* present of frisläppa
# Cane Corso
## English
### Alternative forms

* cane corso

### Etymology

From Italian cane corso (literally “Corsican dog”), with adjective corso being more likely derived from Latin cohors (“farmyard; enclosure”).

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˌkɑːneɪ ˈkɔːsəʊ/
* (US) IPA: /ˌkɑneɪ ˈkɔɹsoʊ/
* enPR: kä'nā kôrʹsō
* Rhymes: -ɔː(ɹ)səʊ

### Noun

Cane Corso (plural Cane Corsos)
* A dog of an Italian breed valued as a companion, guardian and hunter.

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* coenosarc, cœnosarc, econocars
# suvalgydavome
## Lithuanian
### Verb

suvalgydavome
* first-person plural frequentative past of suvalgyti
# Dąchór
## Polish
### Alternative forms

* Dąchur, Donchór, Donchor, Donchur (surnames)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɔŋxur/
* Rhymes: -ɔŋxur
* Syllabification: Dą‧chór

### Proper noun

Dąchór m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Dąchór f (indeclinable)
* a female surname
# бензиновой колонкой
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʲɪn⁽ʲ⁾ˈzʲinəvəj kɐˈɫonkəj]

### Noun

бензи́новой коло́нкой • (benzínovoj kolónkoj) f inan
* instrumental singular of бензи́новая коло́нка (benzínovaja kolónka)
# отсылки
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐt͡sˈsɨɫkʲɪ]

### Noun

отсы́лки • (otsýlki) f inan or f inan pl
* inflection of отсы́лка (otsýlka):
** genitive singular
** nominative/accusative plural
# bowlingkloten
## Swedish
### Noun

bowlingkloten
* definite plural of bowlingklot
# galardonásemos
## Spanish
### Verb

galardonásemos
* first-person plural imperfect subjunctive of galardonar
# Junggrammatiker
## German
### Etymology

jung +‎ Grammatiker

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈjʊŋɡʁaˌmatɪkɐ/
* Hyphenation: Jung‧gram‧ma‧ti‧ker
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Junggrammatiker m (strong, genitive Junggrammatikers, plural Junggrammatiker)
* (linguistics) Neogrammarian

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Junggrammatiker” in Duden online
# Cane
## English
### Proper noun

Cane (plural Canes)
* A surname.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Cane is the 11988th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 2605 individuals. Cane is most common among White (71.67%) and Black/African American (18.73%) individuals.

### See also

* Kirby Cane

### Anagrams

* -ance, Caen, Cena, Nace, acne, ance
# suspeitásseis
## Portuguese
### Verb

suspeitásseis
* second-person plural imperfect subjunctive of suspeitar
# سندنا
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

سندنا (form I)
* سَنَدْنَا (sanadnā) /sa.nad.naː/: first-person plural past active of سَنَدَ (sanada)
* سُنِدْنَا (sunidnā) /su.nid.naː/: first-person plural past passive of سَنَدَ (sanada)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

سندنا (form II)
* سَنَّدْنَا (sannadnā) /san.nad.naː/: first-person plural past active of سَنَّدَ (sannada)
* سُنِّدْنَا (sunnidnā) /sun.nid.naː/: first-person plural past passive of سَنَّدَ (sannada)
# бензиновый
## Russian
### Etymology

бензи́н (benzín) +‎ -овый (-ovyj)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [bʲɪn⁽ʲ⁾ˈzʲinəvɨj]
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

бензи́новый • (benzínovyj)
* (relational) gasoline
    бензи́новая коло́нка ― benzínovaja kolónka ― gasoline pump

#### Derived terms

* бензи́новая коло́нка (benzínovaja kolónka)

#### Related terms

* бензи́н (benzín)
* бензиноме́р (benzinomér)
# isopurjepleko
## Finnish
### Etymology

iso (“large”) +‎ purjepleko (“sailfin pleco”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈisoˌpurjeˣˌpleko/, [ˈis̠o̞ˌpurje̞p̚ˌple̞ko̞]
* Rhymes: -eko
* Syllabification: i‧so‧pur‧je‧ple‧ko

### Noun

isopurjepleko
* leopard sailfin pleco, clown sailfin pleco, Pterygoplichthys gibbiceps

#### Declension

Possessive forms of isopurjepleko (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) :
# উত্তৰ আমেৰিকা
## Assamese
### Alternative forms

* উত্তৰ আমেৰিকা মহাদেশ (uttor amerika mohadex)

### Etymology

Calque of English North America

### Proper noun

উত্তৰ আমেৰিকা • (uttor amerika)
* North America

#### Declension
### See also

(continents) মহাদেশ; আফ্ৰিকা (aphrika), আমেৰিকা (amerika) (উত্তৰ আমেৰিকা (uttor amerika), দক্ষিণ আমেৰিকা (dokhin amerika)), এণ্টাৰ্কটিকা (entarktika), এছিয়া (esia), ওচেনিয়া (üsenia), ইউৰোপ (iurüp),
# galardoné
## Spanish
### Verb

galardoné
* first-person singular preterite indicative of galardonar
# frälsningens
## Swedish
### Noun

frälsningens
* definite genitive singular of frälsning
# Cederle
## Italian
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Proper noun

Cederle m or f by sense
* a surname
# suspeitosos
## Portuguese
### Adjective

suspeitosos
* masculine plural of suspeitoso
# ballang
## Wiradjuri
### Noun

ballang
* Alternative spelling of balang
# Roger Mills County
## English
### Etymology

Named after Roger Q. Mills

### Proper noun

Roger Mills County
* One of 77 counties in Oklahoma, United States. County seat: Cheyenne.
# ahuciarán
## Spanish
### Verb

ahuciarán
* third-person plural future indicative of ahuciar
# materialling
## English
### Verb

materialling
* present participle and gerund of material
# Langwell
## English
### Etymology

Variant of Longwell.

### Proper noun

Langwell (plural Langwells)
* A surname.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Langwell is the 40745th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 536 individuals. Langwell is most common among White (92.16%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Langwell”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 391.
# frälse
## Swedish
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Swedish frælse, from Old Norse frelsi, from Proto-Germanic *frijahalsaz.

### Noun

frälse n
* (historical) exemption from certain taxes
* (historical) noblemen thus exempt
    frälse och ofrälsenoblemen and commoners

#### Derived terms

* ofrälse

#### Related terms

* frälsa
* frälsare
* frälsning

#### Descendants

* → Finnish: rälssi

### Adjective

frälse (not comparable)
* (historical) exempt from certain taxes
    frälse jordtax-exempt land

### References

* frälse in Svenska Akademiens ordlista (SAOL)
* frälse in Svensk ordbok (SO)
* frälse in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)
* frälsa in Elof Hellquist, Svensk etymologisk ordbok (1st ed., 1922)
# fanicases
## Galician
### Verb

fanicases
* second-person singular imperfect subjunctive of fanicar
# suzuri
## Japanese
### Romanization

suzuri
* Rōmaji transcription of すずり
# ballante
## French
### Adjective

ballante
* feminine singular of ballant

## Italian
### Participle

ballante (plural ballanti)
* present participle of ballare (“to dance”)

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /balˈlan.te/, [bälˈlʲän̪t̪ɛ]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /balˈlan.te/, [bälˈlän̪t̪e]

### Participle

ballante
* ablative masculine/feminine/neuter singular of ballāns (“dancing”)

#### Alternative forms

* ballantī
# Rogaś
## Polish
### Etymology

From róg.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈrɔɡaɕ/
* Rhymes: -ɔɡaɕ
* Syllabification: Ro‧gaś

### Proper noun

Rogaś m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Rogaś f (indeclinable)
* a female surname
# ahuciarás
## Spanish
### Verb

ahuciarás
* second-person singular future indicative of ahuciar
# materialography
## English
### Noun

materialography (uncountable)
* (materials science) Microscopic study of materials.

#### Hyponyms

* metallography
* ceramography
# Langwaffen
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlaŋˌvafn̩], /ˈlaŋˌvafən/
* Hyphenation: Lang‧waf‧fen
* Rhymes: -afn̩

### Noun

Langwaffen f
* plural of Langwaffe
# frälsningssoldat
## Swedish
### Noun

frälsningssoldat c
* A member of the Salvation Army, a Salvationist.

#### Synonyms

* soldat
# fanicasen
## Galician
### Verb

fanicasen
* third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of fanicar
# suzuna
## Japanese
### Romanization

suzuna
* Rōmaji transcription of すずな
# ballantes
## French
### Adjective

ballantes
* feminine plural of ballant

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /balˈlan.teːs/, [bälˈlʲän̪t̪eːs̠]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /balˈlan.tes/, [bälˈlän̪t̪es]

### Participle

ballantēs
* nominative/vocative/accusative masculine/feminine plural of ballāns (“dancing”)

#### Alternative forms

* ballantīs (accusative case only)
# Rayner
## English
### Proper noun

Rayner (plural Rayners)
* A surname.

#### Derived terms

* Rayners Lane

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Rayner is the 8222nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 4036 individuals. Rayner is most common among White (77.06%) and Black/African American (17.44%) individuals.

### Anagrams

* yarner
# отсъстващи
## Bulgarian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [oˈtsɤstvɐʃti]

### Participle

отсъ́стващи • (otsǎ́stvašti)
* indefinite plural present active participle of отсъ́ствам (otsǎ́stvam)
# boêmios
## Portuguese
### Noun

boêmios
* plural of boêmio
# galasen
## Galician
### Verb

galasen
* third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of galar
# fruntèra
## Neapolitan
### Noun

fruntèra f
* border
# fascinarlo
## Spanish
### Verb

fascinarlo
* infinitive of fascinar combined with lo
# 補刀
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bǔdāo
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˇ ㄉㄠ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bǔdāo
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˇ ㄉㄠ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bǔdao
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^3$-tao$^1$
*** Yale: bǔ-dāu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buudau
*** Palladius: будао (budao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu²¹⁴⁻²¹ tɑʊ̯⁵⁵/

### Verb

補⫽刀 (verb-object)
* (video games, slang) to get the last attack on an enemy so as to reap the corresponding benefits
* (slang, in general) to deal the finishing blow
# liturge
## English
### Noun

liturge (plural liturges)
* A leader in public worship.

#### Related terms

* liturgical
* liturgy

### Anagrams

* guilter
# Raynauld
## French
### Proper noun

Raynauld ?
* a surname
# italoturco
## Italian
### Etymology

From italo- +‎ turco.

### Adjective

italoturco (feminine italoturca, masculine plural italoturchi, feminine plural italoturche)
* Italian and Turkish

### Anagrams

* truciolato
# matutemos
## Portuguese
### Verb

matutemos
* inflection of matutar:
** first-person plural present subjunctive
** first-person plural imperative
# galases
## Galician
### Verb

galases
* second-person singular imperfect subjunctive of galar
# fascinaste
## Portuguese
### Verb

fascinaste
* second-person singular preterite indicative of fascinar

## Spanish
### Verb

fascinaste
* second-person singular preterite indicative of fascinar
# frunzamos
## Spanish
### Verb

frunzamos
* inflection of fruncir:
** first-person plural present subjunctive
** first-person plural imperative
# 補助動詞
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 補 | 助 | 動 | 詞 |
| ほ Grade: 6 | じょ Grade: 3 | どう Grade: 3 | し Grade: 6 |
| kan'on | goon | kan'yōon | kan'on |

### Etymology

補助 (“to support”) +‎ 動詞 (“verb”)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほじょどーし [hòjó dóꜜòshì] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [ho̞ʑo̞ do̞ːɕi]

### Noun

補(ほ)助(じょ)動(どう)詞(し) • (hojo dōshi)
* a free Japanese verb (自立語 (jiritsugo)) that can be grammaticalized by being attached to an inflectional form of another 用言 (yōgen, “inflected word”)
    Coordinate term: 補助形容詞

### See also

* 助(じょ)動(どう)詞(し) (jodōshi)
* 本(ほん)動(どう)詞(し) (hondōshi)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 補 | 助 | 動 | 詞 |

### Noun

補助動詞 • (bojodongsa) (hangeul 보조동사)
* hanja form of 보조동사 (“auxiliary verb”)
# liturate
## English
### Etymology

From Latin lituratus, past participle of liturare (“to erase”), from litura (“a blur”).

### Adjective

liturate (comparative more liturate, superlative most liturate)
* (zoology) Having indistinct spots, paler at the margins.
* (botany) Spotted, as if from abrasions of the surface.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing. (See the entry for “liturate”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.)

### Anagrams

* rutilate, tertulia
# hablarnos
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /aˈblaɾnos/ [aˈβ̞laɾ.nos]
* Rhymes: -aɾnos
* Syllabification: ha‧blar‧nos

### Verb

hablarnos
* infinitive of hablar combined with nos
# island tarweeds
## English
### Noun

island tarweeds
* plural of island tarweed
# matutina
## Latin
### Pronunciation

* mātūtīna: (Classical Latin) IPA: /maː.tuːˈtiː.na/, [mäːt̪uːˈt̪iːnä]
* mātūtīna: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ma.tuˈti.na/, [mät̪uˈt̪iːnä]
* mātūtīnā: (Classical Latin) IPA: /maː.tuːˈtiː.naː/, [mäːt̪uːˈt̪iːnäː]
* mātūtīnā: (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ma.tuˈti.na/, [mät̪uˈt̪iːnä]

### Adjective

mātūtīna
* inflection of mātūtīnus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

### Adjective

mātūtīnā
* ablative feminine singular of mātūtīnus

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* Hyphenation: ma‧tu‧ti‧na

### Adjective

matutina
* feminine singular of matutino

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /matuˈtina/ [ma.t̪uˈt̪i.na]
* Rhymes: -ina
* Syllabification: ma‧tu‧ti‧na

### Adjective

matutina
* feminine singular of matutino
# Lincoln Heights
## English
### Etymology

Most named after U.S. president Abraham Lincoln.

### Proper noun

Lincoln Heights
* A census-designated place in Richland County, Ohio
* A village in Hamilton County, Ohio
* A neighborhood of Los Angeles, California.
* A neighborhood of San Francisco, California.
* A neighborhood of Washington, D.C., United States.
* A neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
# fascinat
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [fə.siˈnat]
* IPA: (Valencia) [fa.siˈnat]
* Rhymes: -at

### Participle

fascinat (feminine fascinada, masculine plural fascinats, feminine plural fascinades)
* past participle of fascinar

## Latin
### Verb

fascinat
* third-person singular present active indicative of fascinō

## Romanian
### Etymology

Past participle of fascina.

### Adjective

fascinat m or n (feminine singular fascinată, masculine plural fascinați, feminine and neuter plural fascinate)
* fascinated

#### Declension
### Verb

fascinat (past participle of fascina)
* past participle of fascina
# Jencks
## English
### Etymology

Variant of Jenks.

### Proper noun

Jencks (plural Jenckses)
* A surname.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Jencks is the 34390th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 659 individuals. Jencks is most common among White (94.99%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Jencks”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 2, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 248.
# 袂當
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 袂當 – see 𣍐當 (“cannot; to be unable to”). (This term is a variant form of 𣍐當).
# hajósok
## Hungarian
### Etymology

hajós +‎ -ok

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhɒjoːʃok]
* Hyphenation: ha‧jó‧sok

### Noun

hajósok
* nominative plural of hajós
# خارگیل
## Persian
### Etymology

Blend of خار (xār／xâr) +‎ نارگیل (nārgēl／nârgil).

### Pronunciation

* (Dari, formal) IPA: [xɑːɾ.ɡíːl]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [xɒːɹ.ɡʲíːl̥]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [χɔɾ.ɡíl]

### Noun

خارگیل • (xârgil) (plural خارگیل‌ها (xârgil-hâ))
* durian
    Synonyms: دوریان (duriân), دریان (doriân)
# islanda
## Latin
### Adjective

islanda
* inflection of islandus:
** nominative/vocative feminine singular
** nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural

### Adjective

islandā
* ablative feminine singular of islandus
# bosselassent
## French
### Pronunciation

* Homophones: bosselasse, bosselasses

### Verb

bosselassent
* third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of bosseler
# Lapiers
## English
### Proper noun

Lapiers
* plural of Lapier
# Chiti
## English
### Etymology

From Italian Chiti.

### Proper noun

Chiti (plural Chitis)
* A surname from Italian.

#### Translations
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈki.ti/
* Rhymes: -iti
* Hyphenation: Chì‧ti

### Proper noun

Chiti m or f by sense
* a surname

#### Descendants

* English: Chiti
# fugolcyn
## Old English
### Noun

fugolcyn n
* Alternative form of fugolcynn
# hajónként
## Hungarian
### Etymology

hajó (“ship”) +‎ -nként (“per”)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhɒjoːŋkeːnt]
* Hyphenation: ha‧jón‧ként

### Adverb

hajónként (not comparable)
* per ship

#### Derived terms

* hajónkénti
# suurine
## Finnish
### Adjective

suurine
* comitative plural of suuri

### Anagrams

* suurien
# balaanton
## Esperanto
### Noun

balaanton
* accusative singular present nominal active participle of balai
# отсыпям
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈot͡ssɨpʲəm]

### Noun

о́тсыпям • (ótsypjam) f inan pl
* dative plural of о́тсыпь (ótsypʹ)
# galleó
## Spanish
### Verb

galleó
* third-person singular preterite indicative of gallear
# bosselait
## French
### Pronunciation

* Homophones: bosselaient, bosselais

### Verb

bosselait
* third-person singular imperfect indicative of bosseler
# familiaarinen
## Finnish
### Etymology

Internationalism (see English familiar), ultimately from Latin familiāris and adapted with the adjectival suffix +‎ -inen.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈfɑmiliɑːrinen/, [ˈfɑ̝miliˌɑ̝ːrine̞n]
* Rhymes: -ɑːrinen
* Syllabification: fa‧mi‧li‧aa‧ri‧nen

### Adjective

familiaarinen (comparative familiaarisempi, superlative familiaarisin)
* familial

#### Declension

Possessive forms of familiaarinen (Kotus type 38/nainen, no gradation) :
Rare. Only used with substantive adjectives. :
# fugolcinn
## Old English
### Noun

fugolcinn n
* Alternative form of fugolcynn
# hagyományokra
## Hungarian
### Etymology

hagyomány +‎ -ok +‎ -ra

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈhɒɟomaːɲokrɒ]
* Hyphenation: ha‧gyo‧má‧nyok‧ra

### Noun

hagyományokra
* sublative plural of hagyomány
# 菑

| 菑 | U+83D1, &#33745; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83D1 |
| ← 菐 [U+83D0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 菒 → [U+83D2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

菑 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿女女田 (TVVW), four-corner 4460$_2$, composition ⿱艹甾)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1037, character 24
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31166
* Dae Jaweon: page 1496, character 3
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3242, character 18
* Unihan data for U+83D1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 輜 | *ʔsrɯ, *sʰrɯ |
| 淄 | *ʔsrɯ |
| 錙 | *ʔsrɯ |
| 緇 | *ʔsrɯ |
| 甾 | *ʔsrɯ |
| 菑 | *ʔsrɯ, *ʔsɯː, *ʔsɯː |
| 鶅 | *ʔsrɯ, *ʔsrɯs |
| 椔 | *ʔsrɯ, *ʔsrɯs |
| 鯔 | *ʔsrɯ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsrɯ, *ʔsɯː, *ʔsɯː) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 甾 (OC *ʔsrɯ).

### Etymology

菑 (OC *tsrə) is r-causative of 災 (OC *tsə̂) (Schuessler, 2007), both ultimately from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *tsa-t ~ dza-t (“hot, fever, hurt, ill, temper”) (STEDT)
Possibly same word as 緇 (OC *tsrə) "black < color of burnt soil?" (Schuessler, 2007)

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zī (zi$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zī
*** Zhuyin: ㄗ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zih
*** Wade–Giles: tzŭ$^1$
*** Yale: dz̄
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzy
*** Palladius: цзы (czy)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^1$
*** Yale: jī
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː⁵⁵/
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsrɯ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菑 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 17825 |
| Phonetic component | 甾 |
| Rime group | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 葘 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsrɯ/ |

#### Definitions

菑
* one-year-old cropfield
    From: Erya, 5th – 2nd century BCE
    Tián yī suì yuē zī. [Pinyin]
    A one-year-old cropfield is called “菑”.
* Alternative form of 淄 (zī, “Zi River, a river in Shandong province”)
* a surname

#### Compounds

* 菑畬

### Pronunciation 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 菑 – see 災 (“calamity; disaster; catastrophe; personal misfortune; etc.”). (This character is a variant traditional form of 災).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* to weed grass
* land under cultivation

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): し (shi)、さい (sai)
* Kun: あれち (arechi)

## Korean
### Hanja

菑 • (chi) (hangeul 치, revised chi, McCune–Reischauer ch'i, Yale chi)
* to weed grass
* land which has been under cultivation for one year
# سر کشی
## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /səɾ kə.ʃiː/

### Noun

سر کشی • (sar kaśī) ?
* headshot
# aiguats
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əjˈɣwats]
* IPA: (Valencia) [ajˈɣwats]
* Rhymes: -ats

### Noun

aiguats
* plural of aiguat
# galleéis
## Spanish
### Verb

galleéis
* second-person plural present subjunctive of gallear
# bosselage
## French
### Noun

bosselage m (plural bosselages)
* embossment; embossing

### References

* “bosselage”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# Celmer
## English
### Etymology

Borrowed from Polish Celmer, a Slavicized form of German Zellmer.

### Proper noun

Celmer (plural Celmers)
* A surname from Polish.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Celmer is the 35294th most common surname in the United States, belonging to 638 individuals. Celmer is most common among White (95.14%) individuals.

### Further reading

* Hanks, Patrick, editor (2003), “Celmer”, in Dictionary of American Family Names, volume 1, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 309.