# 歌唱
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): gēchàng
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄜ ㄔㄤˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): go$^1$ coeng$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kô-chhong
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): koa-chhiùⁿ / ko-chhiòⁿ / ko-chhiòng / ko͘-chhiòng / ko-chhiàng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): go$^1$ ciang$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gēchàng
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ ㄔㄤˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: gechàng
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^1$-chʻang$^4$
*** Yale: gē-chàng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: gechanq
*** Palladius: гэчан (gɛčan)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: go$^1$ coeng$^3$
*** Yale: gō cheung
*** Cantonese Pinyin: go$^1$ tsoeng$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: go$^1$ cêng$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɔː⁵⁵ t͡sʰœːŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kô-chhong
*** Hakka Romanization System: go$^ˊ$ cong
*** Hagfa Pinyim: go$^1$ cong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ko²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sʰoŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koa-chhiùⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: kua-tshiùnn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koachviux
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kua⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiũ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kua³³ t͡sʰiũ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko-chhiòⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: ko-tshiònn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koichvioix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔ̃²¹/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko-chhiòng
*** Tâi-lô: ko-tshiòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koichioxng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiɔŋ²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko͘-chhiòng
*** Tâi-lô: koo-tshiòng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kochioxng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ³³ t͡sʰiɔŋ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ko-chhiàng
*** Tâi-lô: ko-tshiàng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koichiaxng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ko⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sʰiaŋ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: go$^1$ ciang$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ko tshiàng
*** Sinological IPA : /ko³³⁻²³ t͡sʰiaŋ²¹³/

### Verb

歌唱
* to sing
* (chiefly Mainland China) to praise through song, poetry, etc.

#### Synonyms

* (to sing): 唱歌 (chànggē), 唱曲 (chàngqǔ)
* (to praise through song, poetry, etc.): 歌頌／歌颂 (gēsòng), 謳歌／讴歌 (ōugē)

#### Derived terms

* 歌唱家 (gēchàngjiā)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 歌 | 唱 |
| か Grade: 2 | しょう Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かしょー [kàshóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ɕo̞ː]

### Noun

歌(か)唱(しょう) • (kashō)
* singing

### Verb

歌(か)唱(しょう)する • (kashō suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 歌(か)唱(しょう)し (kashō shi), past 歌(か)唱(しょう)した (kashō shita))
* to sing

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 歌唱し | かしょうし | kashō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 歌唱し | かしょうし | kashō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 歌唱する | かしょうする | kashō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 歌唱する | かしょうする | kashō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 歌唱すれ | かしょうすれ | kashō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 歌唱せよ¹ 歌唱しろ² | かしょうせよ¹ かしょうしろ² | kashō seyo¹ kashō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 歌唱される | かしょうされる | kashō sareru |
| Causative | 歌唱させる 歌唱さす | かしょうさせる かしょうさす | kashō saseru kashō sasu |
| Potential | 歌唱できる | かしょうできる | kashō dekiru |
| Volitional | 歌唱しよう | かしょうしよう | kashō shiyō |
| Negative | 歌唱しない | かしょうしない | kashō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 歌唱せず | かしょうせず | kashō sezu |
| Formal | 歌唱します | かしょうします | kashō shimasu |
| Perfective | 歌唱した | かしょうした | kashō shita |
| Conjunctive | 歌唱して | かしょうして | kashō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 歌唱すれば | かしょうすれば | kashō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 歌 | 唱 |

### Noun

歌唱 • (gachang) (hangeul 가창)
* hanja form of 가창 (“singing”)