# 菏

| 菏 | U+83CF, &#33743; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-83CF |
| ← 菎 [U+83CE] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 菐 → [U+83D0] |

## Translingual
### Han character

菏 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 廿水一口 (TEMR), four-corner 4412$_1$, composition ⿱艹河)

#### Related characters

* 渮 (Variant form)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1037, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31162
* Dae Jaweon: page 1496, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3239, character 9
* Unihan data for U+83CF

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 砢 | *ɡ·raːlʔ |
| 柯 | *kaːl |
| 菏 | *kaːl, *ɡaːl |
| 牁 | *kaːl |
| 滒 | *kaːl |
| 哥 | *kaːl |
| 歌 | *kaːl |
| 謌 | *kaːl |
| 鴚 | *kaːl |
| 哿 | *kaːlʔ |
| 舸 | *kaːlʔ |
| 笴 | *kaːlʔ, *kaːnʔ |
| 軻 | *kʰaːl, *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 珂 | *kʰaːl |
| 可 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 岢 | *kʰaːlʔ |
| 坷 | *kʰaːlʔ, *kʰaːls |
| 蚵 | *kʰaːls, *ɡaːl |
| 呵 | *qʰaːl, *qʰaːls |
| 訶 | *qʰaːl |
| 抲 | *qʰaːl |
| 荷 | *qʰaːls, *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 何 | *ɡaːl, *ɡaːlʔ |
| 河 | *ɡaːl |
| 苛 | *ɡaːl |
| 魺 | *ɡaːl |
| 袔 | *ɡaːls |
| 阿 | *qaːl |
| 妸 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 疴 | *qaːl, *kʰraːls |
| 鈳 | *qaːl |
| 娿 | *qaːl, *qaːlʔ |
| 痾 | *qaːl |
| 跒 | *kʰraːlʔ |
| 閜 | *qʰraːlʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *kaːl, *ɡaːl) : semantic 艸 (“grass; plant”) + phonetic 河 (OC *ɡaːl).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): hé, gē (he$^2$, ge$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄜˊ, ㄍㄜ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ho$^4$ / go$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): hò̤
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hâ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): o$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hé
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄜˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hé
*** Wade–Giles: ho$^2$
*** Yale: hé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: her
*** Palladius: хэ (xɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /xɤ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, old variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: gē
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄜ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ge
*** Wade–Giles: ko$^1$
*** Yale: gē
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ge
*** Palladius: гэ (gɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kɤ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ho$^4$ / go$^1$
*** Yale: hòh / gō
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ho$^4$ / go$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ho$^4$ / go$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɔː²¹/, /kɔː⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: hò̤
*** Sinological IPA : /ho⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâ
*** Tâi-lô: hâ
*** Phofsit Daibuun: haa
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ha²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ha²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ha¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /ha²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ha²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: o$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ô
*** Sinological IPA : /o⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: ka, ha
Rime :
| Character | 菏 | 菏 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 歌 (94) | 歌 (94) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I |
| Fanqie | 古俄切 | 胡歌切 |
| Baxter | ka | ha |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kɑ/ | /ɦɑ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kɑ/ | /ɦɑ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɑ/ | /ɣɑ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ka/ | /ɦa/ |
| Li Rong | /kɑ/ | /ɣɑ/ |
| Wang Li | /kɑ/ | /ɣɑ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kɑ/ | /ɣɑ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | gē | hé |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | go$^1$ | ho$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kaːl/, /*ɡaːl/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 菏 | 菏 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 7434 | 7464 |
| Phonetic component | 可 | 可 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 歌 | 何 |
| Old Chinese | /*kaːl/ | /*ɡaːl/ |
| Notes | 說文苛聲 | |

### Definitions

菏
* name of a river in Shandong province, China

### Compounds

* 菏澤／菏泽 (Hézé, “Heze”)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): か (ka)、が (ga)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

菏: Hán Nôm readings: hà
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation