# -𐌾𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-janą.

### Suffix

-𐌾𐌰𐌽 • (-jan)
* Derives denominatives from nouns and factitives from adjectives.

#### Usage notes

Appears to function as an iterative suffix in 𐌲𐌰𐌲𐌲𐌾𐌰𐌽 (gaggjan).

#### Conjugation

The form of this suffix in the second- and third-person singular present active indicative, as well as in the second-person plural present active indicative and imperative, vary according to Siever's law:
* Following a long stem, which has either a long vowel or diphthong, or a short vowel followed by several consonants, the suffix is -𐌴𐌹-.
Class 1 weak :
| Infinitive | -𐌾𐌰𐌽 -jan | -𐌾𐌰𐌽 -jan | -𐌾𐌰𐌽 -jan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | -𐌾𐌰 -ja | -𐌹𐌳𐌰 -ida | -𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 -jada |
| 2nd singular | -𐌴𐌹𐍃 -eis | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 -idēs | -𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 -jaza |
| 3rd singular | -𐌴𐌹𐌸 -eiþ | -𐌹𐌳𐌰 -ida | -𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 -jada |
| 1st dual | -𐌾𐍉𐍃 -jōs | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 -idēdu | — |
| 2nd dual | -𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 -jats | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 -idēduts | — |
| 1st plural | -𐌾𐌰𐌼 -jam | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 -idēdum | -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 -janda |
| 2nd plural | -𐌴𐌹𐌸 -eiþ | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 -idēduþ | -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 -janda |
| 3rd plural | -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 -jand | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 -idēdun | -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 -janda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | -𐌾𐌰𐌿 -jau | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 -idēdjau | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jaidau |
| 2nd singular | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 -jais | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 -idēdeis | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 -jaizau |
| 3rd singular | -𐌾𐌰𐌹 -jai | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 -idēdi | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jaidau |
| 1st dual | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 -jaiwa | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 -idēdeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 -jaits | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 -idēdeits | — |
| 1st plural | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 -jaima | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 -idēdeima | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jaindau |
| 2nd plural | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 -jaiþ | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 -idēdeiþ | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jaindau |
| 3rd plural | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 -jaina | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 -idēdeina | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | -𐌴𐌹 -ei | | |
| 3rd singular | -𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jadau | | |
| 2nd dual | -𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 -jats | | |
| 2nd plural | -𐌴𐌹𐌸 -eiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 -jands | -𐌹𐌸𐍃 -iþs | |
* Following a short stem, which consists of a short vowel followed by a single consonant, the suffix is -𐌾𐌹-.
Class 1 weak :
| Infinitive | -𐌾𐌰𐌽 -jan | -𐌾𐌰𐌽 -jan | -𐌾𐌰𐌽 -jan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | -𐌾𐌰 -ja | -𐌹𐌳𐌰 -ida | -𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 -jada |
| 2nd singular | -𐌾𐌹𐍃 -jis | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐍃 -idēs | -𐌾𐌰𐌶𐌰 -jaza |
| 3rd singular | -𐌾𐌹𐌸 -jiþ | -𐌹𐌳𐌰 -ida | -𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰 -jada |
| 1st dual | -𐌾𐍉𐍃 -jōs | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 -idēdu | — |
| 2nd dual | -𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 -jats | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 -idēduts | — |
| 1st plural | -𐌾𐌰𐌼 -jam | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 -idēdum | -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 -janda |
| 2nd plural | -𐌾𐌹𐌸 -jiþ | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 -idēduþ | -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 -janda |
| 3rd plural | -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳 -jand | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 -idēdun | -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰 -janda |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | -𐌾𐌰𐌿 -jau | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 -idēdjau | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jaidau |
| 2nd singular | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍃 -jais | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 -idēdeis | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰𐌿 -jaizau |
| 3rd singular | -𐌾𐌰𐌹 -jai | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 -idēdi | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jaidau |
| 1st dual | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 -jaiwa | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 -idēdeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 -jaits | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 -idēdeits | — |
| 1st plural | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 -jaima | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 -idēdeima | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jaindau |
| 2nd plural | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌸 -jaiþ | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 -idēdeiþ | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jaindau |
| 3rd plural | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 -jaina | -𐌹𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 -idēdeina | -𐌾𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jaindau |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | -𐌴𐌹 -ei | | |
| 3rd singular | -𐌾𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jadau | | |
| 2nd dual | -𐌾𐌰𐍄𐍃 -jats | | |
| 2nd plural | -𐌾𐌹𐌸 -jiþ | | |
| 3rd plural | -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 -jandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | -𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 -jands | -𐌹𐌸𐍃 -iþs | |