# 晦日
## Chinese

* 晦日

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): huìrì
    (Zhuyin): ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄖˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fui$^3$ jat$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hòe-ji̍t
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: huìrì
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄨㄟˋ ㄖˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: huèirìh
*** Wade–Giles: hui$^4$-jih$^4$
*** Yale: hwèi-r̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: hueyryh
*** Palladius: хуэйжи (xuejži)
*** Sinological IPA : /xu̯eɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fui$^3$ jat$^6$
*** Yale: fui yaht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fui$^3$ jat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fui$^3$ yed$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /fuːi̯³³ jɐt̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hòe-ji̍t
*** Tâi-lô: huè-ji̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoeajit
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hue²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hue⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ d͡zit̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hue²¹⁻⁵³ d͡zit̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hue¹¹⁻⁵³ d͡zit̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hue²¹⁻⁴¹ zit̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: xwojH nyit
Rime :
| Character | 晦 | 日 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 灰 (42) | 質 (48) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 荒内切 | 人質切 |
| Baxter | xwojH | nyit |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /huʌi$^H$/ | /ȵiɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /huoi$^H$/ | /ȵit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xuɒi$^H$/ | /ȵʑjet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /hwəj$^H$/ | /ȵit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /xuᴀi$^H$/ | /ȵiĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /xuɒi$^H$/ | /ȵʑĭĕt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xuɑ̆i$^H$/ | /ȵʑi̯ĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | huì | rì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fui$^3$ | jat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m̥ˤək-s C.nik/
    (Zhengzhang): /*hmɯːs njiɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 晦 | 日 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | huì | rì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xwoj$^H$ › | ‹ nyit › |
| Old Chinese | /*m̥ˁək-s/ | /*C.nik/ |
| English | last day of a moon; dark | sun; day |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 晦 | 日 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9315 | 10845 |
| Phonetic component | 母 | 日 |
| Rime group | 之 | 質 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | | 日 |
| Old Chinese | /*hmɯːs/ | /*njiɡ/ |

### Noun

晦日
* (literary) the last day of a month in the lunar calendar
    From: 《春秋公羊傳·僖公十六年》 (Gongyang Zhuan)
    Shì yuè zhě hé? Jǐn dài shì yuè yě. Héyǐ bù rì? Huìrì yě. Huì zé héyǐ bù yán huì? [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Coordinate terms

* 朔日 (shuòrì)
* 望日 (wàngrì)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 晦日(かいじつ) (kaijitsu)
* → Korean: 회일(晦日) (hoeil)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 晦 | 日 |
| かい Jinmeiyō | じつ Grade: 1 |
| kan'on ||
/kʷai zitʉ/ → /kʷaiʑit͡su/ → /kaiʑit͡su/
From Middle Chinese 晦日 (MC xwojH nyit).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かいじつ [kàíjítsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠iʑit͡sɨ]

#### Noun

晦(かい)日(じつ) • (kaijitsu)
* the last day of a month in the lunar calendar

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 晦 | 日 |
| みそか ||
| Jinmeiyō | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 晦日 – see the following entry. :
| 【みそか】 | [noun] the last day of a month [noun] the thirtieth day of a lunar month [noun] thirty days Alternative spelling 三十日 |
(This term, 晦日, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 晦 | 日 |
| つごもり ||
| Jinmeiyō | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun ||
Kanji in this term :
| 晦 | 日 |
| つもごり ||
| Jinmeiyō | Grade: 1 |
| jukujikun ||
For pronunciation and definitions of 晦日 – see the following entry. :
| 【晦つごもり】J | [noun] (archaic) the darkening of moonlight [noun] (by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month |
| 【晦つもごり】J | [noun] (rare, archaic) the darkening of moonlight [noun] (rare, by extension) the last day of a (lunar) month |
(This term, 晦日, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

#### Usage notes

The kanji spelling is from kaijitsu above.

#### Derived terms

* 大(おお)晦日(つごもり) (ōtsugomori), 大(おお)晦日(つもごり) (ōtsumogori)
* 小(こ)晦日(つごもり) (kotsugomori)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN