# qhephuka
## Zulu
### Etymology

Derived from the ideophone qhephu.

### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃʰepʰuːɠa/

### Verb

-qhephuka
* (intransitive) to break apart, to come apart
* (intransitive) to break, to crack, to crush
* (intransitive) to get broken off, to get chipped of, to get torn off

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuqhephuka |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqhephuka | ukungaqhephuki |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qhephuka | -qhephuke |
| Plural | qhephukani | -qhephukeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqhephuka, ngiqhephuka | engiqhephukayo, engiqhephuka | ngiqhephuka | angiqhephuki | engingaqhephuki | ngingaqhephuki |
| 2nd singular | uyaqhephuka, uqhephuka | oqhephukayo, oqhephuka | uqhephuka | awuqhephuki | ongaqhephuki | ungaqhephuki |
| 1st plural | siyaqhephuka, siqhephuka | esiqhephukayo, esiqhephuka | siqhephuka | asiqhephuki | esingaqhephuki | singaqhephuki |
| 2nd plural | niyaqhephuka, niqhephuka | eniqhephukayo, eniqhephuka | niqhephuka | aniqhephuki | eningaqhephuki | ningaqhephuki |
| Class 1 | uyaqhephuka, uqhephuka | oqhephukayo, oqhephuka | eqhephuka | akaqhephuki | ongaqhephuki | engaqhephuki |
| Class 2 | bayaqhephuka, baqhephuka | abaqhephukayo, abaqhephuka | beqhephuka | abaqhephuki | abangaqhephuki | bengaqhephuki |
| Class 3 | uyaqhephuka, uqhephuka | oqhephukayo, oqhephuka | uqhephuka | awuqhephuki | ongaqhephuki | ungaqhephuki |
| Class 4 | iyaqhephuka, iqhephuka | eqhephukayo, eqhephuka | iqhephuka | ayiqhephuki | engaqhephuki | ingaqhephuki |
| Class 5 | liyaqhephuka, liqhephuka | eliqhephukayo, eliqhephuka | liqhephuka | aliqhephuki | elingaqhephuki | lingaqhephuki |
| Class 6 | ayaqhephuka, aqhephuka | aqhephukayo, aqhephuka | eqhephuka | awaqhephuki | angaqhephuki | engaqhephuki |
| Class 7 | siyaqhephuka, siqhephuka | esiqhephukayo, esiqhephuka | siqhephuka | asiqhephuki | esingaqhephuki | singaqhephuki |
| Class 8 | ziyaqhephuka, ziqhephuka | eziqhephukayo, eziqhephuka | ziqhephuka | aziqhephuki | ezingaqhephuki | zingaqhephuki |
| Class 9 | iyaqhephuka, iqhephuka | eqhephukayo, eqhephuka | iqhephuka | ayiqhephuki | engaqhephuki | ingaqhephuki |
| Class 10 | ziyaqhephuka, ziqhephuka | eziqhephukayo, eziqhephuka | ziqhephuka | aziqhephuki | ezingaqhephuki | zingaqhephuki |
| Class 11 | luyaqhephuka, luqhephuka | oluqhephukayo, oluqhephuka | luqhephuka | aluqhephuki | olungaqhephuki | lungaqhephuki |
| Class 14 | buyaqhephuka, buqhephuka | obuqhephukayo, obuqhephuka | buqhephuka | abuqhephuki | obungaqhephuki | bungaqhephuki |
| Class 15 | kuyaqhephuka, kuqhephuka | okuqhephukayo, okuqhephuka | kuqhephuka | akuqhephuki | okungaqhephuki | kungaqhephuki |
| Class 17 | kuyaqhephuka, kuqhephuka | okuqhephukayo, okuqhephuka | kuqhephuka | akuqhephuki | okungaqhephuki | kungaqhephuki |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqhephukile, ngiqhephukē | engiqhephukile, engiqhephukē | ngiqhephukile, ngiqhephukē | angiqhephukanga | engingaqhephukanga | ngingaqhephukanga |
| 2nd singular | uqhephukile, uqhephukē | oqhephukile, oqhephukē | uqhephukile, uqhephukē | awuqhephukanga | ongaqhephukanga | ungaqhephukanga |
| 1st plural | siqhephukile, siqhephukē | esiqhephukile, esiqhephukē | siqhephukile, siqhephukē | asiqhephukanga | esingaqhephukanga | singaqhephukanga |
| 2nd plural | niqhephukile, niqhephukē | eniqhephukile, eniqhephukē | niqhephukile, niqhephukē | aniqhephukanga | eningaqhephukanga | ningaqhephukanga |
| Class 1 | uqhephukile, uqhephukē | oqhephukile, oqhephukē | eqhephukile, eqhephukē | akaqhephukanga | ongaqhephukanga | engaqhephukanga |
| Class 2 | baqhephukile, baqhephukē | abaqhephukile, abaqhephukē | beqhephukile, beqhephukē | abaqhephukanga | abangaqhephukanga | bengaqhephukanga |
| Class 3 | uqhephukile, uqhephukē | oqhephukile, oqhephukē | uqhephukile, uqhephukē | awuqhephukanga | ongaqhephukanga | ungaqhephukanga |
| Class 4 | iqhephukile, iqhephukē | eqhephukile, eqhephukē | iqhephukile, iqhephukē | ayiqhephukanga | engaqhephukanga | ingaqhephukanga |
| Class 5 | liqhephukile, liqhephukē | eliqhephukile, eliqhephukē | liqhephukile, liqhephukē | aliqhephukanga | elingaqhephukanga | lingaqhephukanga |
| Class 6 | aqhephukile, aqhephukē | aqhephukile, aqhephukē | eqhephukile, eqhephukē | awaqhephukanga | angaqhephukanga | engaqhephukanga |
| Class 7 | siqhephukile, siqhephukē | esiqhephukile, esiqhephukē | siqhephukile, siqhephukē | asiqhephukanga | esingaqhephukanga | singaqhephukanga |
| Class 8 | ziqhephukile, ziqhephukē | eziqhephukile, eziqhephukē | ziqhephukile, ziqhephukē | aziqhephukanga | ezingaqhephukanga | zingaqhephukanga |
| Class 9 | iqhephukile, iqhephukē | eqhephukile, eqhephukē | iqhephukile, iqhephukē | ayiqhephukanga | engaqhephukanga | ingaqhephukanga |
| Class 10 | ziqhephukile, ziqhephukē | eziqhephukile, eziqhephukē | ziqhephukile, ziqhephukē | aziqhephukanga | ezingaqhephukanga | zingaqhephukanga |
| Class 11 | luqhephukile, luqhephukē | oluqhephukile, oluqhephukē | luqhephukile, luqhephukē | aluqhephukanga | olungaqhephukanga | lungaqhephukanga |
| Class 14 | buqhephukile, buqhephukē | obuqhephukile, obuqhephukē | buqhephukile, buqhephukē | abuqhephukanga | obungaqhephukanga | bungaqhephukanga |
| Class 15 | kuqhephukile, kuqhephukē | okuqhephukile, okuqhephukē | kuqhephukile, kuqhephukē | akuqhephukanga | okungaqhephukanga | kungaqhephukanga |
| Class 17 | kuqhephukile, kuqhephukē | okuqhephukile, okuqhephukē | kuqhephukile, kuqhephukē | akuqhephukanga | okungaqhephukanga | kungaqhephukanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqhephuka | engāqhephuka | ngāqhephuka | angiqhephukanga | engingaqhephukanga | ngingaqhephukanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqhephuka | owāqhephuka | wāqhephuka | awuqhephukanga | ongaqhephukanga | ungaqhephukanga |
| 1st plural | sāqhephuka | esāqhephuka | sāqhephuka | asiqhephukanga | esingaqhephukanga | singaqhephukanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqhephuka | enāqhephuka | nāqhephuka | aniqhephukanga | eningaqhephukanga | ningaqhephukanga |
| Class 1 | wāqhephuka | owāqhephuka | āqhephuka | akaqhephukanga | ongaqhephukanga | engaqhephukanga |
| Class 2 | bāqhephuka | abāqhephuka | bāqhephuka | abaqhephukanga | abangaqhephukanga | bengaqhephukanga |
| Class 3 | wāqhephuka | owāqhephuka | wāqhephuka | awuqhephukanga | ongaqhephukanga | ungaqhephukanga |
| Class 4 | yāqhephuka | eyāqhephuka | yāqhephuka | ayiqhephukanga | engaqhephukanga | ingaqhephukanga |
| Class 5 | lāqhephuka | elāqhephuka | lāqhephuka | aliqhephukanga | elingaqhephukanga | lingaqhephukanga |
| Class 6 | āqhephuka | āqhephuka | āqhephuka | awaqhephukanga | angaqhephukanga | engaqhephukanga |
| Class 7 | sāqhephuka | esāqhephuka | sāqhephuka | asiqhephukanga | esingaqhephukanga | singaqhephukanga |
| Class 8 | zāqhephuka | ezāqhephuka | zāqhephuka | aziqhephukanga | ezingaqhephukanga | zingaqhephukanga |
| Class 9 | yāqhephuka | eyāqhephuka | yāqhephuka | ayiqhephukanga | engaqhephukanga | ingaqhephukanga |
| Class 10 | zāqhephuka | ezāqhephuka | zāqhephuka | aziqhephukanga | ezingaqhephukanga | zingaqhephukanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqhephuka | olwāqhephuka | lwāqhephuka | aluqhephukanga | olungaqhephukanga | lungaqhephukanga |
| Class 14 | bāqhephuka | obāqhephuka | bāqhephuka | abuqhephukanga | obungaqhephukanga | bungaqhephukanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqhephuka | okwāqhephuka | kwāqhephuka | akuqhephukanga | okungaqhephukanga | kungaqhephukanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqhephuka | okwāqhephuka | kwāqhephuka | akuqhephukanga | okungaqhephukanga | kungaqhephukanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqhephuka | — | ngingaqhephuka | ngingeqhephuke | — | ngingeqhephuke |
| 2nd singular | ungaqhephuka | — | ungaqhephuka | ungeqhephuke | — | ungeqhephuke |
| 1st plural | singaqhephuka | — | singaqhephuka | singeqhephuke | — | singeqhephuke |
| 2nd plural | ningaqhephuka | — | ningaqhephuka | ningeqhephuke | — | ningeqhephuke |
| Class 1 | angaqhephuka | — | engaqhephuka | angeqhephuke | — | engeqhephuke |
| Class 2 | bangaqhephuka | — | bengaqhephuka | bangeqhephuke | — | bengeqhephuke |
| Class 3 | ungaqhephuka | — | ungaqhephuka | ungeqhephuke | — | ungeqhephuke |
| Class 4 | ingaqhephuka | — | ingaqhephuka | ingeqhephuke | — | ingeqhephuke |
| Class 5 | lingaqhephuka | — | lingaqhephuka | lingeqhephuke | — | lingeqhephuke |
| Class 6 | angaqhephuka | — | engaqhephuka | angeqhephuke | — | engeqhephuke |
| Class 7 | singaqhephuka | — | singaqhephuka | singeqhephuke | — | singeqhephuke |
| Class 8 | zingaqhephuka | — | zingaqhephuka | zingeqhephuke | — | zingeqhephuke |
| Class 9 | ingaqhephuka | — | ingaqhephuka | ingeqhephuke | — | ingeqhephuke |
| Class 10 | zingaqhephuka | — | zingaqhephuka | zingeqhephuke | — | zingeqhephuke |
| Class 11 | lungaqhephuka | — | lungaqhephuka | lungeqhephuke | — | lungeqhephuke |
| Class 14 | bungaqhephuka | — | bungaqhephuka | bungeqhephuke | — | bungeqhephuke |
| Class 15 | kungaqhephuka | — | kungaqhephuka | kungeqhephuke | — | kungeqhephuke |
| Class 17 | kungaqhephuka | — | kungaqhephuka | kungeqhephuke | — | kungeqhephuke |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqhephuka | engizoqhephuka | ngizoqhephuka | angizuqhephuka | engingezuqhephuka | ngingezuqhephuka |
| 2nd singular | uzoqhephuka | ozoqhephuka | uzoqhephuka | awuzuqhephuka | ongezuqhephuka | ungezuqhephuka |
| 1st plural | sizoqhephuka | esizoqhephuka | sizoqhephuka | asizuqhephuka | esingezuqhephuka | singezuqhephuka |
| 2nd plural | nizoqhephuka | enizoqhephuka | nizoqhephuka | anizuqhephuka | eningezuqhephuka | ningezuqhephuka |
| Class 1 | uzoqhephuka | ozoqhephuka | ezoqhephuka | akazuqhephuka | ongezuqhephuka | engezuqhephuka |
| Class 2 | bazoqhephuka | abazoqhephuka | bezoqhephuka | abazuqhephuka | abangezuqhephuka | bengezuqhephuka |
| Class 3 | uzoqhephuka | ozoqhephuka | uzoqhephuka | awuzuqhephuka | ongezuqhephuka | ungezuqhephuka |
| Class 4 | izoqhephuka | ezoqhephuka | izoqhephuka | ayizuqhephuka | engezuqhephuka | ingezuqhephuka |
| Class 5 | lizoqhephuka | elizoqhephuka | lizoqhephuka | alizuqhephuka | elingezuqhephuka | lingezuqhephuka |
| Class 6 | azoqhephuka | azoqhephuka | ezoqhephuka | awazuqhephuka | angezuqhephuka | engezuqhephuka |
| Class 7 | sizoqhephuka | esizoqhephuka | sizoqhephuka | asizuqhephuka | esingezuqhephuka | singezuqhephuka |
| Class 8 | zizoqhephuka | ezizoqhephuka | zizoqhephuka | azizuqhephuka | ezingezuqhephuka | zingezuqhephuka |
| Class 9 | izoqhephuka | ezoqhephuka | izoqhephuka | ayizuqhephuka | engezuqhephuka | ingezuqhephuka |
| Class 10 | zizoqhephuka | ezizoqhephuka | zizoqhephuka | azizuqhephuka | ezingezuqhephuka | zingezuqhephuka |
| Class 11 | luzoqhephuka | oluzoqhephuka | luzoqhephuka | aluzuqhephuka | olungezuqhephuka | lungezuqhephuka |
| Class 14 | buzoqhephuka | obuzoqhephuka | buzoqhephuka | abuzuqhephuka | obungezuqhephuka | bungezuqhephuka |
| Class 15 | kuzoqhephuka | okuzoqhephuka | kuzoqhephuka | akuzuqhephuka | okungezuqhephuka | kungezuqhephuka |
| Class 17 | kuzoqhephuka | okuzoqhephuka | kuzoqhephuka | akuzuqhephuka | okungezuqhephuka | kungezuqhephuka |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqhephuka | engiyoqhephuka | ngiyoqhephuka | angiyuqhephuka | engingeyuqhephuka | ngingeyuqhephuka |
| 2nd singular | uyoqhephuka | oyoqhephuka | uyoqhephuka | awuyuqhephuka | ongeyuqhephuka | ungeyuqhephuka |
| 1st plural | siyoqhephuka | esiyoqhephuka | siyoqhephuka | asiyuqhephuka | esingeyuqhephuka | singeyuqhephuka |
| 2nd plural | niyoqhephuka | eniyoqhephuka | niyoqhephuka | aniyuqhephuka | eningeyuqhephuka | ningeyuqhephuka |
| Class 1 | uyoqhephuka | oyoqhephuka | eyoqhephuka | akayuqhephuka | ongeyuqhephuka | engeyuqhephuka |
| Class 2 | bayoqhephuka | abayoqhephuka | beyoqhephuka | abayuqhephuka | abangeyuqhephuka | bengeyuqhephuka |
| Class 3 | uyoqhephuka | oyoqhephuka | uyoqhephuka | awuyuqhephuka | ongeyuqhephuka | ungeyuqhephuka |
| Class 4 | iyoqhephuka | eyoqhephuka | iyoqhephuka | ayiyuqhephuka | engeyuqhephuka | ingeyuqhephuka |
| Class 5 | liyoqhephuka | eliyoqhephuka | liyoqhephuka | aliyuqhephuka | elingeyuqhephuka | lingeyuqhephuka |
| Class 6 | ayoqhephuka | ayoqhephuka | eyoqhephuka | awayuqhephuka | angeyuqhephuka | engeyuqhephuka |
| Class 7 | siyoqhephuka | esiyoqhephuka | siyoqhephuka | asiyuqhephuka | esingeyuqhephuka | singeyuqhephuka |
| Class 8 | ziyoqhephuka | eziyoqhephuka | ziyoqhephuka | aziyuqhephuka | ezingeyuqhephuka | zingeyuqhephuka |
| Class 9 | iyoqhephuka | eyoqhephuka | iyoqhephuka | ayiyuqhephuka | engeyuqhephuka | ingeyuqhephuka |
| Class 10 | ziyoqhephuka | eziyoqhephuka | ziyoqhephuka | aziyuqhephuka | ezingeyuqhephuka | zingeyuqhephuka |
| Class 11 | luyoqhephuka | oluyoqhephuka | luyoqhephuka | aluyuqhephuka | olungeyuqhephuka | lungeyuqhephuka |
| Class 14 | buyoqhephuka | obuyoqhephuka | buyoqhephuka | abuyuqhephuka | obungeyuqhephuka | bungeyuqhephuka |
| Class 15 | kuyoqhephuka | okuyoqhephuka | kuyoqhephuka | akuyuqhephuka | okungeyuqhephuka | kungeyuqhephuka |
| Class 17 | kuyoqhephuka | okuyoqhephuka | kuyoqhephuka | akuyuqhephuka | okungeyuqhephuka | kungeyuqhephuka |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqhephuke | ngingaqhephuki |
| 2nd singular | uqhephuke | ungaqhephuki |
| 1st plural | siqhephuke | singaqhephuki |
| 2nd plural | niqhephuke | ningaqhephuki |
| Class 1 | aqhephuke | angaqhephuki |
| Class 2 | baqhephuke | bangaqhephuki |
| Class 3 | uqhephuke | ungaqhephuki |
| Class 4 | iqhephuke | ingaqhephuki |
| Class 5 | liqhephuke | lingaqhephuki |
| Class 6 | aqhephuke | angaqhephuki |
| Class 7 | siqhephuke | singaqhephuki |
| Class 8 | ziqhephuke | zingaqhephuki |
| Class 9 | iqhephuke | ingaqhephuki |
| Class 10 | ziqhephuke | zingaqhephuki |
| Class 11 | luqhephuke | lungaqhephuki |
| Class 14 | buqhephuke | bungaqhephuki |
| Class 15 | kuqhephuke | kungaqhephuki |
| Class 17 | kuqhephuke | kungaqhephuki |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqhephuka | ngangaqhephuka, angaqhephuka, angangaqhephuka |
| 2nd singular | waqhephuka | wangaqhephuka, awaqhephuka, awangaqhephuka |
| 1st plural | saqhephuka | sangaqhephuka, asaqhephuka, asangaqhephuka |
| 2nd plural | naqhephuka | nangaqhephuka, anaqhephuka, anangaqhephuka |
| Class 1 | waqhephuka | wangaqhephuka, akaqhephuka, akangaqhephuka |
| Class 2 | baqhephuka | bangaqhephuka, abaqhephuka, abangaqhephuka |
| Class 3 | waqhephuka | wangaqhephuka, awaqhephuka, awangaqhephuka |
| Class 4 | yaqhephuka | yangaqhephuka, ayaqhephuka, ayangaqhephuka |
| Class 5 | laqhephuka | langaqhephuka, alaqhephuka, alangaqhephuka |
| Class 6 | aqhephuka | angaqhephuka, awaqhephuka, awangaqhephuka |
| Class 7 | saqhephuka | sangaqhephuka, asaqhephuka, asangaqhephuka |
| Class 8 | zaqhephuka | zangaqhephuka, azaqhephuka, azangaqhephuka |
| Class 9 | yaqhephuka | yangaqhephuka, ayaqhephuka, ayangaqhephuka |
| Class 10 | zaqhephuka | zangaqhephuka, azaqhephuka, azangaqhephuka |
| Class 11 | lwaqhephuka | lwangaqhephuka, alwaqhephuka, alwangaqhephuka |
| Class 14 | baqhephuka | bangaqhephuka, abaqhephuka, abangaqhephuka |
| Class 15 | kwaqhephuka | kwangaqhephuka, akwaqhephuka, akwangaqhephuka |
| Class 17 | kwaqhephuka | kwangaqhephuka, akwaqhephuka, akwangaqhephuka |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhephuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhephuka (3.2.9)”