# 自衛
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zìwèi
    (Zhuyin): ㄗˋ ㄨㄟˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zi$^6$ wai$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chīr-ōe / chū-ōe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zìwèi
*** Zhuyin: ㄗˋ ㄨㄟˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zìhwèi
*** Wade–Giles: tzŭ$^4$-wei$^4$
*** Yale: dz̀-wèi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzyhwey
*** Palladius: цзывэй (czyvɛj)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sz̩⁵¹⁻⁵³ weɪ̯⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$自慰 自衛／自卫
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zi$^6$ wai$^6$
*** Yale: jih waih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzi$^6$ wai$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ji$^6$ wei$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡siː²² wɐi̯²²/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$字彙／字汇 自衛／自卫 嗣位
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chīr-ōe
*** Tâi-lô: tsīr-uē
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ⁴¹⁻²² ue⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chū-ōe
*** Tâi-lô: tsū-uē
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zuxoe
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡su³³⁻²¹ ue³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡su²²⁻²¹ ue²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡su³³⁻¹¹ ue³³/

### Verb

自衛
* to defend oneself; to use self-defense
    自衛防身／自卫防身 ― zìwèi fángshēn ― self-defense

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 自(じ)衛(えい) (jiei)
* → Korean: 자위(自衛) (jawi)
* → Vietnamese: tự vệ (自衛)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 自 | 衛 |
| じ Grade: 2 | えい Grade: 5 |
| goon | kan'on |
* Alternative spelling
* 自衞 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) じえー [jìéé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [d͡ʑie̞ː]

### Noun

自(じ)衛(えい) • (jiei)
* self-defense

#### Derived terms

* 自(じ)衛(えい)官(かん) (jieikan)
* 自(じ)衛(えい)艦(かん) (jieikan)
* 自(じ)衛(えい)艦(かん)隊(たい) (jiei kantai)
* 自(じ)衛(えい)権(けん) (jieiken)
* 自(じ)衛(えい)隊(たい) (jieitai)

#### Related terms

* 防(ぼう)衛(えい) (bōei)

### Verb

自(じ)衛(えい)する • (jiei suru) transitive suru (stem 自(じ)衛(えい)し (jiei shi), past 自(じ)衛(えい)した (jiei shita))
* to defend oneself on one's own from attack etc.
    自(じ)衛(えい)隊(たい)は日(に)本(ほん)を自(じ)衛(えい)する
       jieitai wa Nihon o jiei suru
       the JSDF defends Japan
    アカウントを自(じ)衛(えい)する
       akaunto o jiei suru
       to protect one's account

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 自衛し | じえいし | jiei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 自衛し | じえいし | jiei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 自衛する | じえいする | jiei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 自衛する | じえいする | jiei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 自衛すれ | じえいすれ | jiei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 自衛せよ¹ 自衛しろ² | じえいせよ¹ じえいしろ² | jiei seyo¹ jiei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 自衛される | じえいされる | jiei sareru |
| Causative | 自衛させる 自衛さす | じえいさせる じえいさす | jiei saseru jiei sasu |
| Potential | 自衛できる | じえいできる | jiei dekiru |
| Volitional | 自衛しよう | じえいしよう | jiei shiyō |
| Negative | 自衛しない | じえいしない | jiei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 自衛せず | じえいせず | jiei sezu |
| Formal | 自衛します | じえいします | jiei shimasu |
| Perfective | 自衛した | じえいした | jiei shita |
| Conjunctive | 自衛して | じえいして | jiei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 自衛すれば | じえいすれば | jiei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 自 | 衛 |

### Noun

自衛 • (jawi) (hangeul 자위)
* hanja form of 자위 (“self-defense”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 自 | 衛 |

### Noun

自衛
* chữ Hán form of tự vệ (“self-defense”).

### Verb

自衛
* chữ Hán form of tự vệ (“to use self-defense”).