# esmagar
## Galician
### Etymology

Attested in 1500 (Juan Esmagado). Probably a derivative with the prefix es-, from Latin ex-, of maga (“guts of fish”), from Proto-Germanic *magô (“stomach”) and cognate of English maw. Alternatively, linked to a Vulgar Latin *exmagāre, from Gothic 𐌼𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌽 (magan) or Proto-Germanic *maganą, as with Portuguese esmagar. Cf. also Spanish amagar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esmaˈɣaɾ/

### Verb

esmagar (first-person singular present esmago, first-person singular preterite esmaguei, past participle esmagado)
* to crush, press
    Synonyms: machucar, pisar
* to squeeze
    Synonym: estrullar
* (figurative) to oppress (politically or economically)
    Synonyms: asoballar, oprimir
** 1812, Ramón Mariño Paz (ed.), Estudio fonético, ortográfico e morfolóxico de textos do prerrexurdimento galego (1805-1837). Santiago de Compostela: USC, page 168:
    todas esas gavelas con que nos esmagaban desde hai tanto tempo
       all those taxes with which they oppressed us since so long ago

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Related terms

* maga

### References

* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “esmagar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “esmagar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “esmagar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “esmagar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Libro do Subsidio, doc. 20.
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “amagar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos
* ↑ Da Cunha, Antônio Geraldo (1982). Dicionário etimológico Nova Fronteira da língua portuguesa, s.v. esmagar.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Probably from Old Occitan esmaiar (compare also Old French esmaier), from Vulgar Latin *exmagāre (“to deprive (someone) of strength, to disable”), from Latin ex- + *magāre (“to enable, empower”), from Proto-Germanic *maginą, *maganą (“might, power”).
Compare Spanish amagar. Cognate with English dismay.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /iz.maˈɡa(ʁ)/ [iz.maˈɡa(h)], /ez.maˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ez.maˈɡa(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /iz.maˈɡa(ʁ)/ [iz.maˈɡa(h)], /ez.maˈɡa(ʁ)/ [ez.maˈɡa(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /iz.maˈɡa(ɾ)/, /ez.maˈɡa(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʒ.maˈɡa(ʁ)/ [iʒ.maˈɡa(χ)], /eʒ.maˈɡa(ʁ)/ [eʒ.maˈɡa(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ez.maˈɡa(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʒ.mɐˈɡaɾ/ [(i)ʒ.mɐˈɣaɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʒ.mɐˈɡaɾ/ [(i)ʒ.mɐˈɣaɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʒ.mɐˈɡa.ɾi/ [(i)ʒ.mɐˈɣa.ɾi]
* Hyphenation: es‧ma‧gar

### Verb

esmagar (first-person singular present esmago, first-person singular preterite esmaguei, past participle esmagado)
* to crush (to overwhelm by pressure or weight)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### Derived terms

* esmagador

### Further reading

* “esmagar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024