# 異化
## Chinese

* 異化

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yìhuà
    (Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ji$^6$ faa$^3$
* Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): i$^6$ huê$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yìhuà
*** Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yìhuà
*** Wade–Giles: i$^4$-hua$^4$
*** Yale: yì-hwà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihhuah
*** Palladius: ихуа (ixua)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$液化 異化／异化 逸話／逸话
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ji$^6$ faa$^3$
*** Yale: yih fa
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ji$^6$ faa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yi$^6$ fa$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /jiː²² faː³³/
* Southern Min
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: i$^6$ huê$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ĭ huè
*** Sinological IPA : /i³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/

### Verb

異化
* (ergative) to make dissimilar
* (philosophy) to alienate
    From: 1844, Karl Marx, 《1844年經濟學哲學手稿·異化勞動和私有財產》 (“Estranged Labour” in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844)
    Yìhuà láodòng, yóuyú (1) shǐ zìránjiè, (2) shǐ rén běnshēn, tā zìjǐ de huódòng jīnéng, tā de shēngmìng huódòng tóng rén xiāng yìhuà, yě jiù shǐ lèi tóng rén xiāng yìhuà; duì rén láishuō, tā bǎ lèi shēnghuó biànchéng wéichí gèrén shēnghuó de shǒuduàn. Dìyī, tā shǐ lèi shēnghuó hé gèrén shēnghuó xiāng yìhuà; dì'èr, bǎ chōuxiàng xíngshì de gèrén shēnghuó biànchéng tóngyàng shì chōuxiàng xíngshì hé yìhuà xíngshì de lèi shēnghuó de mùde. [Pinyin]
    In estranging from man (1) nature, and (2) himself, his own active functions, his life activity, estranged labor estranges the species from man. It changes for him the life of the species into a means of individual life. First it estranges the life of the species and individual life, and secondly it makes individual life in its abstract form the purpose of the life of the species, likewise in its abstract and estranged form.
* (phonology) to dissimilate
* (translation studies) to foreignize

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “foreignize”): 歸化／归化 (guīhuà)

#### Derived terms

* 異化作用／异化作用 (yìhuà zuòyòng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 異 | 化 |
| い Grade: 6 | か Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いか [íꜜkà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ika̠]

### Noun

異(い)化(か) • (ika)
* dissimilation
* (biology) catabolism
    Synonyms: カタボリズム (kataborizumu), 異化作用 (ika sayō)
* (phonology) dissimilation
* (philosophy) alienation; Verfremdung

#### Antonyms

* 同(どう)化(か) (dōka)

### Verb

異(い)化(か)する • (ika suru) suru (stem 異(い)化(か)し (ika shi), past 異(い)化(か)した (ika shita))
* See above.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 異化し | いかし | ika shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 異化し | いかし | ika shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 異化する | いかする | ika suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 異化する | いかする | ika suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 異化すれ | いかすれ | ika sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 異化せよ¹ 異化しろ² | いかせよ¹ いかしろ² | ika seyo¹ ika shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 異化される | いかされる | ika sareru |
| Causative | 異化させる 異化さす | いかさせる いかさす | ika saseru ika sasu |
| Potential | 異化できる | いかできる | ika dekiru |
| Volitional | 異化しよう | いかしよう | ika shiyō |
| Negative | 異化しない | いかしない | ika shinai |
| Negative continuative | 異化せず | いかせず | ika sezu |
| Formal | 異化します | いかします | ika shimasu |
| Perfective | 異化した | いかした | ika shita |
| Conjunctive | 異化して | いかして | ika shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 異化すれば | いかすれば | ika sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

#### Antonyms

* 同(どう)化(か) (dōka)

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN