# reif
## English
### Alternative forms

* rief

### Etymology

From Middle English ref, reaf, reif, from Old English rēaf (“plunder, spoil, booty, raiment, garment, robe, vestment, armor”), from Proto-West Germanic *raub, from Proto-Germanic *raubą, *raubaz (“rape, robbery”), from Proto-Indo-European *Hrewp- (“to rip, tear”).
Cognate with Scots reif, rief (“robbery, depredation, spoliation”), Saterland Frisian roowje (“loot, rob”), Dutch roof (“spoil, booty, robbery”), German Raub (“robbery, spoils, plunder”). See also reave, robe.

### Noun

reif (uncountable)
* (Scotland, obsolete) Robbery.
** c. 1524, a letter, recorded in The History of Scotland (John Hill Burton, 1873), volume 3, page 109:
    The opposition, which, as we shall see, was headed by Archbishop Beaton, protested against the "daily slaughters, murders, reifs, thefts, depredations, and heavy attemptates, that are daily and hourly committed within this realm in fault of justice."
** c. 1577-1587, Raphael Holinshed, Chronicles:[…] meaning to live by reif of other mennes goodes, wherein they have no manner of propertie.
** 1814, Walter Scott, Waverley:[…] the lawless thieves, limmers, and broken men of the Highlands, had been in fellowship together by reason of their surnames for the committing of divers thefts, reifs, and herships.
** 1898, Robert Borland, Border Raids and Reivers, page 42:In the year 1567, in the first Parliament of James VI., an important Act was passed, entitled "Anent Theft and Receipt of Theft, Taking of Prisoners by Thieves, or Bands for Ransoms, and Punishment of the same." It relates especially to the […] "other inhabitants of the remanent Shires of the Realm," bearing that it is not unknown of the continual theft, reif, and oppression committed within the bounds of the said Sheriffdoms, by […] thieves and "broken men" [who] commit daily "thefts, reifs, herschips, murders, and fire raisings" upon the peaceable subjects of the country.
** For more quotations using this term, see Citations:reif.

### References

* “reif”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.

### Anagrams

* -fier, FIRE, Fier, Frie, fier, fire, refi, rief, rife

## German
### Etymology

From Middle High German rīfe, from Old High German rīfi, akin to Old Saxon rīpi (Modern Dutch rijp).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʁaɪ̯f/
* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

reif (strong nominative masculine singular reifer, comparative reifer, superlative am reifsten)
* ripe
    Die Rüben sind reif zum Ernten. ― The turnips are ripe/ready to harvest.
* mature
    Sie ist für ihr Alter sehr reif. ― She's very mature for her age.
* fit
    Er ist reif fürs Irrenhaus. ― He's fit for the loony bin.

#### Antonyms

* unreif

#### Related terms

* Reife

### Further reading

* “reif” in Duden online
* “reif” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* Friedrich Kluge (1883) “reif”, in John Francis Davis, transl., Etymological Dictionary of the German Language, published 1891

## Icelandic
### Verb

reif
* first-person singular past indicative of rífa
* third-person singular past indicative of rífa

## Luxembourgish
### Verb

reif
* second-person singular imperative of reiwen

## Middle English
### Alternative forms

* reaf, ræf, ref, reve, raf, ræve, rave, reafe

### Etymology

From Old English rēaf, from Proto-West Germanic *raub, from Proto-Germanic *raubaz, *raubą, *raubō. Doublet of robe.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /rɛːf/, /rɛːv/

### Noun

reif (plural reves)
* A piece of clothing or gear, especially priestly.
* (rare) pillaging, looting; intense destruction.
* (rare) loot, spoils; the fruit of success.
* (rare) destructiveness; the quality of being damaging.

#### Descendants

* English: reif, reaf, rief
* Scots: reif, rief, reiff, refe, ref

#### References

* “rēf, n.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-17.
* “rēf, n.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2018-06-17.

## Scots
### Alternative forms

* rief, reiff, refe, ref

### Etymology

From Middle English reif, from Old English rēaf, from Proto-West Germanic *raub, from Proto-Germanic *raubaz.

### Noun

reif
* robbery
** 1809, “The Sang of the Outlaw Murray”, in Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border: Historical ballads, Walter Scott, page 18:The man that wons yon Foreste intill, He lives by reif and felonie !(please add an English translation of this quotation)