# 聽獄
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tīngyù, tìngyù
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄧㄥ ㄩˋ, ㄊㄧㄥˋ ㄩˋ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland; variant in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tīngyù
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄥ ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tingyù
*** Wade–Giles: tʻing$^1$-yü$^4$
*** Yale: tīng-yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tingyuh
*** Palladius: тинъюй (tinʺjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiŋ⁵⁵ y⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; dated variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tìngyù
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧㄥˋ ㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tìngyù
*** Wade–Giles: tʻing$^4$-yü$^4$
*** Yale: tìng-yù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tinqyuh
*** Palladius: тинъюй (tinʺjuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰiŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ y⁵¹/
* Middle Chinese: thengH ngjowk
Rime :
| Character | 聽 | 獄 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 疑 (31) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 燭 (8) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 他定切 | 魚欲切 |
| Baxter | thengH | ngjowk |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰeŋ$^H$/ | /ŋɨok̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰeŋ$^H$/ | /ŋiok̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰɛŋ$^H$/ | /ŋiok̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰɛjŋ$^H$/ | /ŋuawk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰeŋ$^H$/ | /ŋiok̚/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰieŋ$^H$/ | /ŋĭwok̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰieŋ$^H$/ | /ŋi̯wok̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tìng | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ting$^3$ | juk$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥ˤeŋ-s [ŋ]rok/
    (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰeːŋs ŋoɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 聽 | 獄 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | tìng | yù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ theng$^H$ › | ‹ ngjowk › |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ˁeŋ-s/ | /*[ŋ]rok/ |
| English | listen to; obey | lawsuit; prison |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 聽 | 獄 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 11394 | 16032 |
| Phonetic component | 聖 | 獄 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 屋 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 聽 | 玉 |
| Old Chinese | /*l̥ʰeːŋs/ | /*ŋoɡ/ |

### Verb

聽獄
* (literary) to hear lawsuits
    From: Guoyu, circa 4th century BCE
    Yú tīngyù suī bùnéng chá, bì yǐ qíng duàn zhī. [Pinyin]
    Although I cannot examine the cases one by one when hearing lawsuits, I shall judge them according to the true states of affairs.
    From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version
    Xiánzhě zhī zhìguózhě yě, zǎocháoyàntuì, tīngyù zhìzhèng, shì yǐ guójiā zhì ér xíngfǎ zhèng. [Pinyin]
    When the virtuous rules the country, he starts the day early and retires late, hearing lawsuits and attending to the government. As a result, the country is well governed and laws are justly administered.
    From: Mozi, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on Y. P. Mei's version
    Tiānzǐ shǎngfá bù dàng, tīngyù bù zhòng, tiānxià jíbìng huòfú, shuānglù bù shí. [Pinyin]
    When the emperor is unjust in reward and punishment and not judicious in hearing lawsuits, Heaven visits him with disease and calamities, and frost and dew will be untimely.