# 破滅
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pòmiè
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄛˋ ㄇㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): po$^3$ mit$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pho-me̍t
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phò-bia̍t / phò͘-bia̍t
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pòmiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄛˋ ㄇㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pòmiè
*** Wade–Giles: pʻo$^4$-mieh$^4$
*** Yale: pwò-myè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pohmieh
*** Palladius: поме (pome)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ mi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: po$^3$ mit$^6$
*** Yale: po miht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: po$^3$ mit$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: po$^3$ mid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔː³³ miːt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pho-me̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: po med
*** Hagfa Pinyim: po$^4$ med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰo⁵⁵ met̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phò-bia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: phò-bia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phoirbiat
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰɤ²¹⁻⁴¹ biɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰo¹¹⁻⁵³ biɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰo²¹⁻⁵³ biɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰo²¹⁻⁵³ biɛt̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phò͘-bia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: phòo-bia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phorbiat
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ biɛt̚²⁴/

### Verb

破滅
* (of hope, illusions, etc.) to be shattered; to be annihilated; to be dashed
       Suǒyǒu de xīwàng dōu pòmiè le. [Pinyin]
       All hope was lost.

#### Synonyms

* 幻滅／幻灭 (huànmiè)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 破 | 滅 |
| は Grade: 5 | めつ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はめつ [hàmétsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ha̠me̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

破(は)滅(めつ) • (hametsu)
* ruin; destruction
    それでは破(は)滅(めつ)の道(みち)をたどるしかない。
       Sore de wa hametsu no michi o tadoru shika nai.
       That only leads to destruction.
** 2015 February 13, mothy [mothy] (lyrics and music), “七つの罪と罰 [Seven Crimes and Punishments]”‎:
    聞(き)こえてくるのは森(もり)の歌(うた)？ いいえそれは破(は)滅(めつ)の銃(じゅう)声(せい)
       Kikoete kuru no wa mori no uta? Īe sore wa hametsu no jūsei
       Is it the song of the forest I can hear? No, that’s the gunshot of destruction

### Verb

破(は)滅(めつ)する • (hametsu suru) suru (stem 破(は)滅(めつ)し (hametsu shi), past 破(は)滅(めつ)した (hametsu shita))
* to fall into ruin; to be ruined;

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 破滅し | はめつし | hametsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 破滅し | はめつし | hametsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 破滅する | はめつする | hametsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 破滅する | はめつする | hametsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 破滅すれ | はめつすれ | hametsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 破滅せよ¹ 破滅しろ² | はめつせよ¹ はめつしろ² | hametsu seyo¹ hametsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 破滅される | はめつされる | hametsu sareru |
| Causative | 破滅させる 破滅さす | はめつさせる はめつさす | hametsu saseru hametsu sasu |
| Potential | 破滅できる | はめつできる | hametsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 破滅しよう | はめつしよう | hametsu shiyō |
| Negative | 破滅しない | はめつしない | hametsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 破滅せず | はめつせず | hametsu sezu |
| Formal | 破滅します | はめつします | hametsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 破滅した | はめつした | hametsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 破滅して | はめつして | hametsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 破滅すれば | はめつすれば | hametsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN