# 遠慮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuǎnlǜ
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˇ ㄌㄩˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^5$ leoi$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuǎnlǜ
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˇ ㄌㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuǎnlyù
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^3$-lü$^4$
*** Yale: ywǎn-lyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeuanliuh
*** Palladius: юаньлюй (juanʹljuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ly⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^5$ leoi$^6$
*** Yale: yúhn leuih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^5$ loey$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^5$ lêu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn¹³ lɵy̯²²/
* Middle Chinese: hjwonX ljoH
Rime :
| Character | 遠 | 慮 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 雲阮切 | 良倨切 |
| Baxter | hjwonX | ljoH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʉɐn$^X$/ | /lɨʌ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷiɐn$^X$/ | /liɔ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuɐn$^X$/ | /liɔ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuan$^X$/ | /lɨə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuɐn$^X$/ | /liɔ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭwɐn$^X$/ | /lĭo$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯wɐn$^X$/ | /li̯wo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuǎn | lǜ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^5$ | leoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*C.ɢʷanʔ [r]a-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷanʔ ras/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 遠 | 慮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuǎn | lǜ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjwon$^X$ › | ‹ ljo$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*C.ɢʷanʔ/ | /*[r]a-s/ |
| English | far | think, consider |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 遠 | 慮 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 16226 | 5241 |
| Phonetic component | 袁 | 虍 |
| Rime group | 元 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 遠 | 慮 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷanʔ/ | /*ras/ |

### Noun

遠慮
* foresight; long view

#### Antonyms

* 近憂／近忧 (jìnyōu)

### Verb

遠慮
* to plan far ahead

### Derived terms

* 人無遠慮，必有近憂／人无远虑，必有近忧 (rén wú yuǎnlǜ, bì yǒu jìnyōu)
* 深謀遠慮／深谋远虑 (shēnmóuyuǎnlǜ)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 遠慮(えんりょ) (enryo)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 遠 | 慮 |
| えん Grade: 2 | りょ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) えんりょ [éꜜǹryò] (Atamadaka –)
* (Tokyo) えんりょ [èńryó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ẽ̞n̺ɾʲo̞]

### Noun

遠(えん)慮(りょ) • (enryo)
* reserve
    遠慮(えんりょ)なくどうぞ。
       Enryo naku dōzo.
       Please do not hesitate.
* forethought, foresight

### Verb

遠(えん)慮(りょ)する • (enryo suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 遠(えん)慮(りょ)し (enryo shi), past 遠(えん)慮(りょ)した (enryo shita))
* to restrain oneself; to have restraint; to be reserved; to hold back
* to refrain from (doing something)
* to stand on ceremony

#### Usage notes

* When used in response to a request or offer, this can be translated as no thanks or "I'm fine, thanks."

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 遠慮し | えんりょし | enryo shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 遠慮し | えんりょし | enryo shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 遠慮する | えんりょする | enryo suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 遠慮する | えんりょする | enryo suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 遠慮すれ | えんりょすれ | enryo sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 遠慮せよ¹ 遠慮しろ² | えんりょせよ¹ えんりょしろ² | enryo seyo¹ enryo shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 遠慮される | えんりょされる | enryo sareru |
| Causative | 遠慮させる 遠慮さす | えんりょさせる えんりょさす | enryo saseru enryo sasu |
| Potential | 遠慮できる | えんりょできる | enryo dekiru |
| Volitional | 遠慮しよう | えんりょしよう | enryo shiyō |
| Negative | 遠慮しない | えんりょしない | enryo shinai |
| Negative continuative | 遠慮せず | えんりょせず | enryo sezu |
| Formal | 遠慮します | えんりょします | enryo shimasu |
| Perfective | 遠慮した | えんりょした | enryo shita |
| Conjunctive | 遠慮して | えんりょして | enryo shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 遠慮すれば | えんりょすれば | enryo sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN