# 書信
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): shūxìn
       (Zhuyin): ㄕㄨ ㄒㄧㄣˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): фущин (fuxin, I-III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): syu$^1$ seon$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): sû-sin
    (Meixian, Guangdong): su$^1$ xin$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cṳ̆-séng
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): su-sìn / chir-sìn / si-sìn
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$sy-shin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shūxìn
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄨ ㄒㄧㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shusìn
*** Wade–Giles: shu$^1$-hsin$^4$
*** Yale: shū-syìn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shushinn
*** Palladius: шусинь (šusinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂu⁵⁵ ɕin⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: фущин (fuxin, I-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /fou²⁴ ɕiŋ⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syu$^1$ seon$^3$
*** Yale: syū seun
*** Cantonese Pinyin: sy$^1$ soen$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xu$^1$ sên$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /syː⁵⁵ sɵn³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sû-sin
*** Hakka Romanization System: su$^ˊ$ xin
*** Hagfa Pinyim: su$^1$ xin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /su²⁴⁻¹¹ sin⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: su$^1$ xin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /su⁴⁴⁻³⁵ sin⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cṳ̆-séng
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy⁵⁵⁻⁵³ $^{(s-)}$lɛiŋ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: su-sìn
*** Tâi-lô: su-sìn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: susixn
*** IPA (Taipei): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ sin¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /su⁴⁴⁻³³ sin²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /su⁴⁴⁻²² sin²¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chir-sìn
*** Tâi-lô: tsir-sìn
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sɯ³³ sin⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: si-sìn
*** Tâi-lô: si-sìn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sisixn
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /si⁴⁴⁻²² sin²¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^1$sy-shin
*** MiniDict: sy$^平$ shin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^1$sr-xin
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sz̩⁵⁵ ɕin²¹/
* Middle Chinese: syo sinH
Rime :
| Character | 書 | 信 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 書 (26) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 魚 (22) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 傷魚切 | 息晉切 |
| Baxter | syo | sinH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɕɨʌ/ | /siɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɕiɔ/ | /sin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɕiɔ/ | /sjen$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɕɨə̆/ | /sin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɕiɔ/ | /siĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɕĭo/ | /sĭĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ɕi̯wo/ | /si̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | shū | xìn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | syu$^1$ | san$^3$ |

### Noun

書信
* (formal) letter; epistle; written message
    保羅書信／保罗书信 ― Bǎoluó shūxìn ― Pauline epistles
* (figuratively) messenger

#### Synonyms

* (letter):
* 信
* 信件 (xìnjiàn)
* 信函 (xìnhán)
* 信札 (xìnzhá)
* 八行 (bāháng) (literary)
* 八行書／八行书 (bāhángshū) (literary)
* 函件 (hánjiàn)
* 手書／手书 (shǒushū) (literary)
* 手簡／手简 (shǒujiǎn) (literary)
* 書／书 (shū) (literary, or in compounds)
* 書函／书函 (shūhán)
* 書札／书札 (shūzhá) (literary)
* 書牘／书牍 (shūdú) (literary)
* 書簡／书简 (shūjiǎn) (literary)
* 筆札／笔札 (bǐzhá) (literary, figurative)
* 簡／简 (jiǎn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 鴻／鸿 (hóng) (literary, figurative)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 書, 函, 書札, 書函, 便紙 Korea |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 信, 函, 書信, 信件, 信函, 信札, 函件, 書函, 書簡, 書牘, 書札 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 信 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 信 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 信 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 信 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 信 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 信 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 信 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dagudi (Maliba) | 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Reshuitang (Longling) | 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 信 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 信 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 信 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 信 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 信 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 信 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 信 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 信 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 信 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 信 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 信 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 信 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 信 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 信 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 信 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 信 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 信 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 信 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 信 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 信 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 信 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 信 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 信 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 信 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 信 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 信 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 信 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 信 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 信 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 信 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 信 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 信 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 信仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 信 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 信仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 信仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 信仔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 信 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 信仔, 信 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 批, 信 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 信 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 信 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 信 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 信 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 信 |
| Northern Min | Songxi | 信 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang | 信 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 批 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 批 |
| Eastern Min | Pingnan | 批, 信 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 批 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 批 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 信 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 批 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 批 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 批, 批信 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 批, 批信 |
| Southern Min | Yongchun | 批 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 批, 批信 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 批 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 批 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 批 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 批 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 批 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 批 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 批 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 批 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 批, 批信 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 批 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 批 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 批 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 批 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 批 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 批, 批信 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 批 |
| Southern Min | Longyan | 信 |
| Southern Min | Datian | 信 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 信, 批 international incoming letters |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 信, 家批 dated |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 信, 批 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 信 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 信 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 信 domestic, 批 international |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 信 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 信, 批 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 批 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 批 |
| Puxian Min | Fuding (Aoyao) | 批 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 信 |
| Central Min | Sanming (Shaxian) | 信 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 信 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 信 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 信 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 信 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 信 |
| Wu | Danyang | 信 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 信 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 信 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 信 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 信 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 信 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 信 |

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 書信(しょしん) (shoshin)
* → Korean: 서신(書信) (seosin)
* → Vietnamese: thư tín (書信)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 書 | 信 |
| しょ Grade: 2 | しん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

書(しょ)信(しん) • (shoshin)
* a letter
    Synonyms: 雁書 (gansho), 雁信 (ganshin), 書簡 (shokan), 書札 (shosatsu), 書状 (shojō), 信書 (shinsho), 手簡 (shukan), 尺牘 (sekitoku), 手紙 (tegami)