# qhesha
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /ǃʰeːʃa/

### Verb

-qhesha
* (intransitive) to grin

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuqhesha |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqhesha | ukungaqheshi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qhesha | -qheshe |
| Plural | qheshani | -qhesheni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqhesha, ngiqhesha | engiqheshayo, engiqhesha | ngiqhesha | angiqheshi | engingaqheshi | ngingaqheshi |
| 2nd singular | uyaqhesha, uqhesha | oqheshayo, oqhesha | uqhesha | awuqheshi | ongaqheshi | ungaqheshi |
| 1st plural | siyaqhesha, siqhesha | esiqheshayo, esiqhesha | siqhesha | asiqheshi | esingaqheshi | singaqheshi |
| 2nd plural | niyaqhesha, niqhesha | eniqheshayo, eniqhesha | niqhesha | aniqheshi | eningaqheshi | ningaqheshi |
| Class 1 | uyaqhesha, uqhesha | oqheshayo, oqhesha | eqhesha | akaqheshi | ongaqheshi | engaqheshi |
| Class 2 | bayaqhesha, baqhesha | abaqheshayo, abaqhesha | beqhesha | abaqheshi | abangaqheshi | bengaqheshi |
| Class 3 | uyaqhesha, uqhesha | oqheshayo, oqhesha | uqhesha | awuqheshi | ongaqheshi | ungaqheshi |
| Class 4 | iyaqhesha, iqhesha | eqheshayo, eqhesha | iqhesha | ayiqheshi | engaqheshi | ingaqheshi |
| Class 5 | liyaqhesha, liqhesha | eliqheshayo, eliqhesha | liqhesha | aliqheshi | elingaqheshi | lingaqheshi |
| Class 6 | ayaqhesha, aqhesha | aqheshayo, aqhesha | eqhesha | awaqheshi | angaqheshi | engaqheshi |
| Class 7 | siyaqhesha, siqhesha | esiqheshayo, esiqhesha | siqhesha | asiqheshi | esingaqheshi | singaqheshi |
| Class 8 | ziyaqhesha, ziqhesha | eziqheshayo, eziqhesha | ziqhesha | aziqheshi | ezingaqheshi | zingaqheshi |
| Class 9 | iyaqhesha, iqhesha | eqheshayo, eqhesha | iqhesha | ayiqheshi | engaqheshi | ingaqheshi |
| Class 10 | ziyaqhesha, ziqhesha | eziqheshayo, eziqhesha | ziqhesha | aziqheshi | ezingaqheshi | zingaqheshi |
| Class 11 | luyaqhesha, luqhesha | oluqheshayo, oluqhesha | luqhesha | aluqheshi | olungaqheshi | lungaqheshi |
| Class 14 | buyaqhesha, buqhesha | obuqheshayo, obuqhesha | buqhesha | abuqheshi | obungaqheshi | bungaqheshi |
| Class 15 | kuyaqhesha, kuqhesha | okuqheshayo, okuqhesha | kuqhesha | akuqheshi | okungaqheshi | kungaqheshi |
| Class 17 | kuyaqhesha, kuqhesha | okuqheshayo, okuqhesha | kuqhesha | akuqheshi | okungaqheshi | kungaqheshi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqheshile, ngiqheshē | engiqheshile, engiqheshē | ngiqheshile, ngiqheshē | angiqheshanga | engingaqheshanga | ngingaqheshanga |
| 2nd singular | uqheshile, uqheshē | oqheshile, oqheshē | uqheshile, uqheshē | awuqheshanga | ongaqheshanga | ungaqheshanga |
| 1st plural | siqheshile, siqheshē | esiqheshile, esiqheshē | siqheshile, siqheshē | asiqheshanga | esingaqheshanga | singaqheshanga |
| 2nd plural | niqheshile, niqheshē | eniqheshile, eniqheshē | niqheshile, niqheshē | aniqheshanga | eningaqheshanga | ningaqheshanga |
| Class 1 | uqheshile, uqheshē | oqheshile, oqheshē | eqheshile, eqheshē | akaqheshanga | ongaqheshanga | engaqheshanga |
| Class 2 | baqheshile, baqheshē | abaqheshile, abaqheshē | beqheshile, beqheshē | abaqheshanga | abangaqheshanga | bengaqheshanga |
| Class 3 | uqheshile, uqheshē | oqheshile, oqheshē | uqheshile, uqheshē | awuqheshanga | ongaqheshanga | ungaqheshanga |
| Class 4 | iqheshile, iqheshē | eqheshile, eqheshē | iqheshile, iqheshē | ayiqheshanga | engaqheshanga | ingaqheshanga |
| Class 5 | liqheshile, liqheshē | eliqheshile, eliqheshē | liqheshile, liqheshē | aliqheshanga | elingaqheshanga | lingaqheshanga |
| Class 6 | aqheshile, aqheshē | aqheshile, aqheshē | eqheshile, eqheshē | awaqheshanga | angaqheshanga | engaqheshanga |
| Class 7 | siqheshile, siqheshē | esiqheshile, esiqheshē | siqheshile, siqheshē | asiqheshanga | esingaqheshanga | singaqheshanga |
| Class 8 | ziqheshile, ziqheshē | eziqheshile, eziqheshē | ziqheshile, ziqheshē | aziqheshanga | ezingaqheshanga | zingaqheshanga |
| Class 9 | iqheshile, iqheshē | eqheshile, eqheshē | iqheshile, iqheshē | ayiqheshanga | engaqheshanga | ingaqheshanga |
| Class 10 | ziqheshile, ziqheshē | eziqheshile, eziqheshē | ziqheshile, ziqheshē | aziqheshanga | ezingaqheshanga | zingaqheshanga |
| Class 11 | luqheshile, luqheshē | oluqheshile, oluqheshē | luqheshile, luqheshē | aluqheshanga | olungaqheshanga | lungaqheshanga |
| Class 14 | buqheshile, buqheshē | obuqheshile, obuqheshē | buqheshile, buqheshē | abuqheshanga | obungaqheshanga | bungaqheshanga |
| Class 15 | kuqheshile, kuqheshē | okuqheshile, okuqheshē | kuqheshile, kuqheshē | akuqheshanga | okungaqheshanga | kungaqheshanga |
| Class 17 | kuqheshile, kuqheshē | okuqheshile, okuqheshē | kuqheshile, kuqheshē | akuqheshanga | okungaqheshanga | kungaqheshanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqhesha | engāqhesha | ngāqhesha | angiqheshanga | engingaqheshanga | ngingaqheshanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqhesha | owāqhesha | wāqhesha | awuqheshanga | ongaqheshanga | ungaqheshanga |
| 1st plural | sāqhesha | esāqhesha | sāqhesha | asiqheshanga | esingaqheshanga | singaqheshanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqhesha | enāqhesha | nāqhesha | aniqheshanga | eningaqheshanga | ningaqheshanga |
| Class 1 | wāqhesha | owāqhesha | āqhesha | akaqheshanga | ongaqheshanga | engaqheshanga |
| Class 2 | bāqhesha | abāqhesha | bāqhesha | abaqheshanga | abangaqheshanga | bengaqheshanga |
| Class 3 | wāqhesha | owāqhesha | wāqhesha | awuqheshanga | ongaqheshanga | ungaqheshanga |
| Class 4 | yāqhesha | eyāqhesha | yāqhesha | ayiqheshanga | engaqheshanga | ingaqheshanga |
| Class 5 | lāqhesha | elāqhesha | lāqhesha | aliqheshanga | elingaqheshanga | lingaqheshanga |
| Class 6 | āqhesha | āqhesha | āqhesha | awaqheshanga | angaqheshanga | engaqheshanga |
| Class 7 | sāqhesha | esāqhesha | sāqhesha | asiqheshanga | esingaqheshanga | singaqheshanga |
| Class 8 | zāqhesha | ezāqhesha | zāqhesha | aziqheshanga | ezingaqheshanga | zingaqheshanga |
| Class 9 | yāqhesha | eyāqhesha | yāqhesha | ayiqheshanga | engaqheshanga | ingaqheshanga |
| Class 10 | zāqhesha | ezāqhesha | zāqhesha | aziqheshanga | ezingaqheshanga | zingaqheshanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqhesha | olwāqhesha | lwāqhesha | aluqheshanga | olungaqheshanga | lungaqheshanga |
| Class 14 | bāqhesha | obāqhesha | bāqhesha | abuqheshanga | obungaqheshanga | bungaqheshanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqhesha | okwāqhesha | kwāqhesha | akuqheshanga | okungaqheshanga | kungaqheshanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqhesha | okwāqhesha | kwāqhesha | akuqheshanga | okungaqheshanga | kungaqheshanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqhesha | — | ngingaqhesha | ngingeqheshe | — | ngingeqheshe |
| 2nd singular | ungaqhesha | — | ungaqhesha | ungeqheshe | — | ungeqheshe |
| 1st plural | singaqhesha | — | singaqhesha | singeqheshe | — | singeqheshe |
| 2nd plural | ningaqhesha | — | ningaqhesha | ningeqheshe | — | ningeqheshe |
| Class 1 | angaqhesha | — | engaqhesha | angeqheshe | — | engeqheshe |
| Class 2 | bangaqhesha | — | bengaqhesha | bangeqheshe | — | bengeqheshe |
| Class 3 | ungaqhesha | — | ungaqhesha | ungeqheshe | — | ungeqheshe |
| Class 4 | ingaqhesha | — | ingaqhesha | ingeqheshe | — | ingeqheshe |
| Class 5 | lingaqhesha | — | lingaqhesha | lingeqheshe | — | lingeqheshe |
| Class 6 | angaqhesha | — | engaqhesha | angeqheshe | — | engeqheshe |
| Class 7 | singaqhesha | — | singaqhesha | singeqheshe | — | singeqheshe |
| Class 8 | zingaqhesha | — | zingaqhesha | zingeqheshe | — | zingeqheshe |
| Class 9 | ingaqhesha | — | ingaqhesha | ingeqheshe | — | ingeqheshe |
| Class 10 | zingaqhesha | — | zingaqhesha | zingeqheshe | — | zingeqheshe |
| Class 11 | lungaqhesha | — | lungaqhesha | lungeqheshe | — | lungeqheshe |
| Class 14 | bungaqhesha | — | bungaqhesha | bungeqheshe | — | bungeqheshe |
| Class 15 | kungaqhesha | — | kungaqhesha | kungeqheshe | — | kungeqheshe |
| Class 17 | kungaqhesha | — | kungaqhesha | kungeqheshe | — | kungeqheshe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqhesha | engizoqhesha | ngizoqhesha | angizuqhesha | engingezuqhesha | ngingezuqhesha |
| 2nd singular | uzoqhesha | ozoqhesha | uzoqhesha | awuzuqhesha | ongezuqhesha | ungezuqhesha |
| 1st plural | sizoqhesha | esizoqhesha | sizoqhesha | asizuqhesha | esingezuqhesha | singezuqhesha |
| 2nd plural | nizoqhesha | enizoqhesha | nizoqhesha | anizuqhesha | eningezuqhesha | ningezuqhesha |
| Class 1 | uzoqhesha | ozoqhesha | ezoqhesha | akazuqhesha | ongezuqhesha | engezuqhesha |
| Class 2 | bazoqhesha | abazoqhesha | bezoqhesha | abazuqhesha | abangezuqhesha | bengezuqhesha |
| Class 3 | uzoqhesha | ozoqhesha | uzoqhesha | awuzuqhesha | ongezuqhesha | ungezuqhesha |
| Class 4 | izoqhesha | ezoqhesha | izoqhesha | ayizuqhesha | engezuqhesha | ingezuqhesha |
| Class 5 | lizoqhesha | elizoqhesha | lizoqhesha | alizuqhesha | elingezuqhesha | lingezuqhesha |
| Class 6 | azoqhesha | azoqhesha | ezoqhesha | awazuqhesha | angezuqhesha | engezuqhesha |
| Class 7 | sizoqhesha | esizoqhesha | sizoqhesha | asizuqhesha | esingezuqhesha | singezuqhesha |
| Class 8 | zizoqhesha | ezizoqhesha | zizoqhesha | azizuqhesha | ezingezuqhesha | zingezuqhesha |
| Class 9 | izoqhesha | ezoqhesha | izoqhesha | ayizuqhesha | engezuqhesha | ingezuqhesha |
| Class 10 | zizoqhesha | ezizoqhesha | zizoqhesha | azizuqhesha | ezingezuqhesha | zingezuqhesha |
| Class 11 | luzoqhesha | oluzoqhesha | luzoqhesha | aluzuqhesha | olungezuqhesha | lungezuqhesha |
| Class 14 | buzoqhesha | obuzoqhesha | buzoqhesha | abuzuqhesha | obungezuqhesha | bungezuqhesha |
| Class 15 | kuzoqhesha | okuzoqhesha | kuzoqhesha | akuzuqhesha | okungezuqhesha | kungezuqhesha |
| Class 17 | kuzoqhesha | okuzoqhesha | kuzoqhesha | akuzuqhesha | okungezuqhesha | kungezuqhesha |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqhesha | engiyoqhesha | ngiyoqhesha | angiyuqhesha | engingeyuqhesha | ngingeyuqhesha |
| 2nd singular | uyoqhesha | oyoqhesha | uyoqhesha | awuyuqhesha | ongeyuqhesha | ungeyuqhesha |
| 1st plural | siyoqhesha | esiyoqhesha | siyoqhesha | asiyuqhesha | esingeyuqhesha | singeyuqhesha |
| 2nd plural | niyoqhesha | eniyoqhesha | niyoqhesha | aniyuqhesha | eningeyuqhesha | ningeyuqhesha |
| Class 1 | uyoqhesha | oyoqhesha | eyoqhesha | akayuqhesha | ongeyuqhesha | engeyuqhesha |
| Class 2 | bayoqhesha | abayoqhesha | beyoqhesha | abayuqhesha | abangeyuqhesha | bengeyuqhesha |
| Class 3 | uyoqhesha | oyoqhesha | uyoqhesha | awuyuqhesha | ongeyuqhesha | ungeyuqhesha |
| Class 4 | iyoqhesha | eyoqhesha | iyoqhesha | ayiyuqhesha | engeyuqhesha | ingeyuqhesha |
| Class 5 | liyoqhesha | eliyoqhesha | liyoqhesha | aliyuqhesha | elingeyuqhesha | lingeyuqhesha |
| Class 6 | ayoqhesha | ayoqhesha | eyoqhesha | awayuqhesha | angeyuqhesha | engeyuqhesha |
| Class 7 | siyoqhesha | esiyoqhesha | siyoqhesha | asiyuqhesha | esingeyuqhesha | singeyuqhesha |
| Class 8 | ziyoqhesha | eziyoqhesha | ziyoqhesha | aziyuqhesha | ezingeyuqhesha | zingeyuqhesha |
| Class 9 | iyoqhesha | eyoqhesha | iyoqhesha | ayiyuqhesha | engeyuqhesha | ingeyuqhesha |
| Class 10 | ziyoqhesha | eziyoqhesha | ziyoqhesha | aziyuqhesha | ezingeyuqhesha | zingeyuqhesha |
| Class 11 | luyoqhesha | oluyoqhesha | luyoqhesha | aluyuqhesha | olungeyuqhesha | lungeyuqhesha |
| Class 14 | buyoqhesha | obuyoqhesha | buyoqhesha | abuyuqhesha | obungeyuqhesha | bungeyuqhesha |
| Class 15 | kuyoqhesha | okuyoqhesha | kuyoqhesha | akuyuqhesha | okungeyuqhesha | kungeyuqhesha |
| Class 17 | kuyoqhesha | okuyoqhesha | kuyoqhesha | akuyuqhesha | okungeyuqhesha | kungeyuqhesha |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqheshe | ngingaqheshi |
| 2nd singular | uqheshe | ungaqheshi |
| 1st plural | siqheshe | singaqheshi |
| 2nd plural | niqheshe | ningaqheshi |
| Class 1 | aqheshe | angaqheshi |
| Class 2 | baqheshe | bangaqheshi |
| Class 3 | uqheshe | ungaqheshi |
| Class 4 | iqheshe | ingaqheshi |
| Class 5 | liqheshe | lingaqheshi |
| Class 6 | aqheshe | angaqheshi |
| Class 7 | siqheshe | singaqheshi |
| Class 8 | ziqheshe | zingaqheshi |
| Class 9 | iqheshe | ingaqheshi |
| Class 10 | ziqheshe | zingaqheshi |
| Class 11 | luqheshe | lungaqheshi |
| Class 14 | buqheshe | bungaqheshi |
| Class 15 | kuqheshe | kungaqheshi |
| Class 17 | kuqheshe | kungaqheshi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqhesha | ngangaqhesha, angaqhesha, angangaqhesha |
| 2nd singular | waqhesha | wangaqhesha, awaqhesha, awangaqhesha |
| 1st plural | saqhesha | sangaqhesha, asaqhesha, asangaqhesha |
| 2nd plural | naqhesha | nangaqhesha, anaqhesha, anangaqhesha |
| Class 1 | waqhesha | wangaqhesha, akaqhesha, akangaqhesha |
| Class 2 | baqhesha | bangaqhesha, abaqhesha, abangaqhesha |
| Class 3 | waqhesha | wangaqhesha, awaqhesha, awangaqhesha |
| Class 4 | yaqhesha | yangaqhesha, ayaqhesha, ayangaqhesha |
| Class 5 | laqhesha | langaqhesha, alaqhesha, alangaqhesha |
| Class 6 | aqhesha | angaqhesha, awaqhesha, awangaqhesha |
| Class 7 | saqhesha | sangaqhesha, asaqhesha, asangaqhesha |
| Class 8 | zaqhesha | zangaqhesha, azaqhesha, azangaqhesha |
| Class 9 | yaqhesha | yangaqhesha, ayaqhesha, ayangaqhesha |
| Class 10 | zaqhesha | zangaqhesha, azaqhesha, azangaqhesha |
| Class 11 | lwaqhesha | lwangaqhesha, alwaqhesha, alwangaqhesha |
| Class 14 | baqhesha | bangaqhesha, abaqhesha, abangaqhesha |
| Class 15 | kwaqhesha | kwangaqhesha, akwaqhesha, akwangaqhesha |
| Class 17 | kwaqhesha | kwangaqhesha, akwaqhesha, akwangaqhesha |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhesha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhesha (6.3)”