# 小年
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiǎonián
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): siu$^2$ nin$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sió-nî
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$shiau-gni
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiǎonián
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˇ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siǎonián
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^3$-nien$^2$
*** Yale: syǎu-nyán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: sheaunian
*** Palladius: сяонянь (sjaonjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: siu$^2$ nin$^4$
*** Yale: síu nìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: siu$^2$ nin$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xiu$^2$ nin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /siːu̯³⁵ niːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sió-nî
*** Tâi-lô: sió-nî
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sioynii
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /sio⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ²⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$shiau-gni
*** MiniDict: shiau$^去$ nyi
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$xiau-nyi
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɕiɔ³³ n̠ʲi⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: sjewX nen
Rime :
| Character | 小 | 年 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 宵 (91) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | IV |
| Fanqie | 私兆切 | 奴顚切 |
| Baxter | sjewX | nen |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /siᴇu$^X$/ | /nen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /siɛu$^X$/ | /nen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sjæu$^X$/ | /nɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /siaw$^X$/ | /nɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /siɛu$^X$/ | /nen/ |
| Wang Li | /sĭɛu$^X$/ | /nien/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /si̯ɛu$^X$/ | /nien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiǎo | nián |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | siu$^2$ | nin$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[s]ewʔ C.nˤi[ŋ]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*smewʔ niːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 小 | 年 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiǎo | nián |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ sjew$^X$ › | ‹ nen › |
| Old Chinese | /*[s]ewʔ/ | /*C.nˁi[ŋ]/ |
| English | small | harvest; year |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 小 | 年 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13705 | 9482 |
| Phonetic component | 小 | 秊 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 小 | |
| Old Chinese | /*smewʔ/ | /*niːŋ/ |
| Notes | 甲金文象沙而指小， 指事字 | 同秊 |

### Noun

小年
* lunar year in which the last month has 29 days
    Antonym: 大年 (dànián)
* festival on the 23rd or 24th of the 12th month of the lunar year when sacrifices are made to the kitchen god
* (regional) Lantern Festival
* off year (for fruit trees, bamboos, etc.)
* (literary) a short lifespan
    From: Zhuangzi, circa 3rd – 2nd centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Zhāojūn bù zhī huìshuò, huìgū bù zhī chūnqiū, cǐ xiǎonián yě. [Pinyin]
    The mushroom of a morning does not know (what takes place between) the beginning and end of a month; the short-lived cicada does not know (what takes place between) the spring and autumn. These are instances of a short term of life.
* (literary) youth
* (literary) nearly a year; a long time

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 元宵節 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 元宵節, 正月十五, 燈節兒, 小年 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 元宵節, 上元節 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 元宵節, 燈節, 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 元宵節, 小年 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 元宵節, 燈節, 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 元宵節, 燈節, 正月十五 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 元宵節 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 燈節兒, 正月十五 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 正月兒十五 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 正月十五 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 正月十五 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 正月十五 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 正月十五, 元宵節 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 正月十五 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 元宵節, 小年, 正月十五 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 正月十五 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 正月兒十五 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 正月十五 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 元宵, 正月十五 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 元宵節, 燈節, 正月十五 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 元宵節, 燈節, 正月十五, 小年 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 元宵節 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 正月十五 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 正月十五 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 元宵節, 燈節, 正月十五 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 元宵節, 小年下, 燈節, 正月十五 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 正月十五兒, 小年下 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 正月十五兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 元宵節, 燈節, 正月十五 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 正月十五 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 正月十五 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 元宵節, 正月十五, 正月十五兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 正月十五 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 元宵節, 觀燈節, 正月十五 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 正月十五 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 元宵節, 元宵, 正月十五 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 元宵節, 正月十五, 大年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 元宵節, 小年, 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 大年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 元宵, 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 大正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 正月十五, 大年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 元宵節, 正月十五, 燈節, 小年, 月半, 正月半 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 元宵節, 正月十五, 把把年, 末年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 元宵節, 正月十五, 月半 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 元宵節, 大年, 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 十五, 大年 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 正月十五, 年宵, 元宵節, 元宵 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 元宵節 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 元宵節, 燈節, 正月十五 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 元宵節, 上元節, 小年, 正月十五 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 元宵節, 元宵, 燈節, 正月十五, 正月半, 小年 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 正月半, 老年, 正月十五 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 正月半 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 正月十五 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 元宵節, 小年 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 正月十五 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 元宵節, 正月十五, 十五, 月半 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 年宵, 元宵 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 元宵, 元宵節, 新十五, 上元誕, 正月十五 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 元宵 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 上元誕 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 年宵 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 正月十五 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 元宵 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 上元節 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 散燈 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 新十五 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 年宵 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 新十五 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 元宵節 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 元宵節 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 正月十五 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 正月十五 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 正月十五 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 埋燈 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 正月十五 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 正月十五, 元宵節 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 正月十五 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 正月十五 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 元宵節 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 正月十五 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 正月十五 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 年宵 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 元宵節 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 元宵節 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 正月十五, 十五 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 正月十五 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 元燈 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 正月十五 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 元宵節, 元宵 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 元宵, 上元 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 正月半, 元宵節 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 正月半 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 正月十五 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 正月半 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 正月十五 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 正月十五 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 元宵節, 菜籃節 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 正月半, 元宵節 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 正月半, 正月十五, 元宵節 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 正月半, 元宵節 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 正月半, 元宵節, 上元 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 正月半, 元宵節, 上元 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 正月半, 元宵節 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 正月半 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 元宵節 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 正月半 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 正月半 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 元宵節 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 元宵節, 燈節, 正月十五 |
| Jin | Datong | 正月十五 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 正月兒十五 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 元宵節, 正月十五 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 正月十五 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 元宵節 |
| Jin | Linhe | 正月十五 |
| Jin | Jining | 正月十五 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 燈節, 正月十五 |
| Jin | Baotou | 正月十五 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 正月十五 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 正月十五 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 正月十五 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 正月十五 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 正月十五 |
| Jin | Handan | 元宵節, 燈節, 正月十五 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 正月十五 |
| Jin | Suide | 正月十五, 十五 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 元宵, 正月十五 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 元宵節, 元宵, 正月十五 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 正月十五, 元宵 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 元宵 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 元宵 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 正月半 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 元宵 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 正月十五, 元宵節 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 上元 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 上元 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 上元 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 正月半, 元宵節 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 上元 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Tamsui) | 元宵節 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Pingxi) | 上元 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 上元 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Cijin) | 元宵, 上元 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung (Dalinpu, Siaogang) | 上元, 元宵節 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 元宵 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Luodong) | 元宵 |
| Southern Min | Yilan (Toucheng) | 上元, 元宵 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 上元 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 元宵 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 上元 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 元宵 |
| Southern Min | Tainan (Anping) | 上元 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 元宵 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 上元 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 上元 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Xiyu) | 上元 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 十五暝 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 十五暝 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 上元 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 元宵節 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 十五暝 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chaoyang) | 元宵 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 元宵, 正月十五, 十五暝 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 元宵 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 正月十五, 元宵節 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 年囝, 孧年 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 年囝, 正月十五, 十五 |
| Central Min | Yong'an | 上元 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 正月十五 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 正月十五, 元宵 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 元宵節 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 元宵節, 正月半, 上元節 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 正月半 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 元宵節, 正月半, 上元 |
| Wu | Danyang | 正月半, 元宵節 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 元宵節 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 正月半 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 元宵節, 燈節 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 元宵 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 元宵節, 元宵 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 上元節, 元夕 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 元宵節 |