# 損害
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): sǔnhài
    (Zhuyin): ㄙㄨㄣˇ ㄏㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): syun$^2$ hoi$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sún-hoi
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): sún-hāi / súiⁿ-hāi
    (Teochew, Peng'im): sung$^2$ hai$^7$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: sǔnhài
*** Zhuyin: ㄙㄨㄣˇ ㄏㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sǔnhài
*** Wade–Giles: sun$^3$-hai$^4$
*** Yale: swǔn-hài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: soenhay
*** Palladius: суньхай (sunʹxaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /su̯ən²¹⁴⁻²¹ xaɪ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: syun$^2$ hoi$^6$
*** Yale: syún hoih
*** Cantonese Pinyin: syn$^2$ hoi$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: xun$^2$ hoi$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /syːn³⁵ hɔːi̯²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sún-hoi
*** Hakka Romanization System: sun$^ˋ$ hoi
*** Hagfa Pinyim: sun$^3$ hoi$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /sun³¹ hoi̯⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sún-hāi
*** Tâi-lô: sún-hāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: swnhai
*** IPA (Taipei): /sun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /sun⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /sun⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ hai³³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /sun⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ hai⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: súiⁿ-hāi
*** Tâi-lô: suínn-hāi
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svuy'hai
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /suĩ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ hai²²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: sung$^2$ hai$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: súng hāi
*** Sinological IPA : /suŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ hai¹¹/

### Verb

損害
* to harm; to cause destruction to; to mar; to sully; to damage (e.g. someone's reputation); to adversely affect; to negatively impact; to diminish
    損害國家利益／损害国家利益 ― sǔnhài guójiā lìyì ― to harm the national interest

#### Synonyms

* 傷害／伤害 (shānghài)
* 危及 (wēijí)
* 危害 (wēihài)
* 妨害 (fánghài)
* 戕害 (qiānghài) (literary)
* 戕賊／戕贼 (literary)
* 損／损 (sǔn) (literary, or in compounds)
* 損傷／损伤 (sǔnshāng)
* 暴害 (bàohài) (literary)
* 有傷／有伤 (yǒushāng) (chiefly used in derived terms)
* 禍／祸 (huò) (literary, or in compounds)
* 禍害／祸害 (huòhài)

#### Derived terms

* 損害管制／损害管制 (sǔnhài guǎnzhì)
* 損害賠償金／损害赔偿金 (sǔnhài péichángjīn)

#### See also

* 負傷／负伤 (fùshāng)
* 受傷／受伤 (shòushāng)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 損 | 害 |
| そん Grade: 5 | がい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) そんがい [sòńgáí] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sõ̞ŋɡa̠i]

### Noun

損(そん)害(がい) • (songai)
* damage
* loss

### Verb

損(そん)害(がい)する • (songai suru) suru (stem 損(そん)害(がい)し (songai shi), past 損(そん)害(がい)した (songai shita))
* (rare) to suffer damage or loss

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 損害し | そんがいし | songai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 損害し | そんがいし | songai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 損害する | そんがいする | songai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 損害する | そんがいする | songai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 損害すれ | そんがいすれ | songai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 損害せよ¹ 損害しろ² | そんがいせよ¹ そんがいしろ² | songai seyo¹ songai shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 損害される | そんがいされる | songai sareru |
| Causative | 損害させる 損害さす | そんがいさせる そんがいさす | songai saseru songai sasu |
| Potential | 損害できる | そんがいできる | songai dekiru |
| Volitional | 損害しよう | そんがいしよう | songai shiyō |
| Negative | 損害しない | そんがいしない | songai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 損害せず | そんがいせず | songai sezu |
| Formal | 損害します | そんがいします | songai shimasu |
| Perfective | 損害した | そんがいした | songai shita |
| Conjunctive | 損害して | そんがいして | songai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 損害すれば | そんがいすれば | songai sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN