# あれ
## Japanese
### Etymology 1

* Alternative spellings
* 彼 彼れ
From older kare → are. Compound of あ (a, “that, yon”) +‎ れ (-re, nominalizing suffix for demonstratives).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あれ [àré] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠ɾe̞]

#### Pronoun

あれ • (are)
* distal demonstrative, something far off removed from both speaker and listener: that, yon
    Synonym: (dialectal, Kagoshima) あい
** (deictically) that one over there (far from the speaker and the addressee)
    あれはなんですか？
       Are wa nan desu ka?
       What is that?
** (anaphorically) that one we both know (both the speaker and the addressee know)
    これはあれでしょ？○○。
       Kore wa are desho?○○.
       This is that one thing, isn't it? You know, X.
* (chiefly derogatory) third-person personal pronoun: he, she, that person
* you-know-what; a thing whose name the speaker does not want to mention
** sex
** cockroach
* (archaic) second-person pronoun: you

##### Usage notes

* Indicates something far off, removed from both speaker and addressee. Contrast with それ (sore), indicating something removed from the speaker but closer to the addressee.

##### See also

| | ko- “this” (close to speaker) | so- “that” (close to listener) | a- “that over there” (far from both) | do- “which” (indeterminate, question) |
| Object | これ (kore) | それ (sore) | あれ (are) | どれ (dore) |
| Object | これら (korera) | それら (sorera) | あれら (arera) | — |
| Determiner | この (kono) | その (sono) | あの (ano) | どの (dono) |
| Determiner | これらの (korera no) | それらの (sorera no) | あれらの (arera no) | — |
| Kind | こんな (konna) | そんな (sonna) | あんな (anna) | どんな (donna) |
| Kind | こういう (kō iu) | そういう (sō iu) | ああいう (ā iu) | どういう (dō iu) |
| Place | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あそこ (asoko)* | どこ (doko) |
| Place | こっから (kokkara) | そっから (sokkara) | — | どっから (dokkara) |
| Direction / Human | こちら (kochira) | そちら (sochira) | あちら (achira) | どちら (dochira) |
| Direction / Human | こなた (konata) | そなた (sonata) | あなた (anata) | どなた (donata) |
| Direction | こっち (kotchi) | そっち (sotchi) | あっち (atchi) | どっち (dotchi) |
| Human | こいつ (koitsu)$^†$ | そいつ (soitsu)$^†$ | あいつ (aitsu)$^†$ | どいつ (doitsu)$^†$ |
| Manner | こう (kō) | そう (sō) | ああ (ā)** | どう (dō) |
| Degree | これくらい (kore kurai) | それくらい (sore kurai) | あれくらい (are kurai) | どれくらい (dore kurai) |
| Degree | これだけ (kore dake) | それだけ (sore dake) | あれだけ (are dake) | どれだけ (dore dake) |
| Degree | これほど (kore hodo) | それほど (sore hodo) | あれほど (are hodo) | どれほど (dore hodo) |
| * irregular ** regular (long vowel) † potentially rude or derogatory |||||
| | a-/wa- “I, we” (first person) | na-/-ma- “you, ye, thou” (second person) | k- “this” (close to speaker) | s- “that” (close to listener) | a-/ka- “that over there” (far from both) | i-/ta-/nani- “who, what, where, how, when” (interrogative) | ono- “oneself” (reflexive) |
| Person | あ (a) あれ (are) わ (wa) われ (ware) まろ (maro) | な (na) なれ (nare) なんぢ (nanji) まし (mashi) いまし (imashi) みまし (mimashi) きみ (kimi) | こ (ko) これ (kore) | そ (so) それ (sore) | あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) | た (ta) たれ (tare) なにがし (nanigashi) | おの (ono) おのれ (onore) |
| Thing | | | こ (ko) これ (kore) | そ (so) それ (sore) | あ (a) あれ (are) か (ka) かれ (kare) | いづれ (izure) なに (nani) | |
| Location | | | ここ (koko) | そこ (soko) | あしこ (ashiko) かしこ (kashiko) | いづく (izuku) いづこ (izuko) いどこ (idoko) どこ (doko) | |
| Direction | | | こち (kochi) こなた (konata) | そち (sochi) そなた (sonata) | あち (achi) あなた (anata) かなた (kanata) | いづち (izuchi) いづら (izura) いづかた (izukata) | |
| Manner | | | か (ka) かく (kaku) かくて (kakute) かう (kō) | さ (sa) さて (sate) しか (shika) | | いか (ika) | |
| Time | | | | | | いつ (itsu) | |

#### Adjective

あれ or アレ • (are) -na (adnominal あれな (are na), adverbial あれに (are ni))
* あれ, アレ: (informal, euphemistic) "you know what I mean"
    ちょっとあれな人(ひと)
       chotto are na hito
       someone who's kind of you-know-what-I-mean

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Imperfective (未然形) | あれだろ | are daro |
| Continuative (連用形) | あれで | are de |
| Terminal (終止形) | あれだ | are da |
| Attributive (連体形) | あれな | are na |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | あれなら | are nara |
| Imperative (命令形) | あれであれ | are de are |
| Key constructions ||||
| Informal negative | あれではない あれじゃない | are de wa nai are ja nai |
| Informal past | あれだった | are datta |
| Informal negative past | あれではなかった あれじゃなかった | are de wa nakatta are ja nakatta |
| Formal | あれです | are desu |
| Formal negative | あれではありません あれじゃありません | are de wa arimasen are ja arimasen |
| Formal past | あれでした | are deshita |
| Formal negative past | あれではありませんでした あれじゃありませんでした | are de wa arimasen deshita are ja arimasen deshita |
| Conjunctive | あれで | are de |
| Conditional | あれなら（ば） | are nara (ba) |
| Provisional | あれだったら | are dattara |
| Volitional | あれだろう | are darō |
| Adverbial | あれに | are ni |
| Degree | あれさ | aresa |

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あれ [àré] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) あれ [áꜜrè] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [a̠ɾe̞]

#### Interjection

あれ • (are)
* huh? (expression of surprise and confusion when talking to yourself)
    あれ？ない。
       Are? Nai.
       Huh? It's not here.
    あれ？もしかして……
       Are? Moshikashite……
       Huh? Could it be?

##### Derived terms

* あれれ (arere)
* あれま (arema)

##### Descendants

* Chinese:
    → Mandarin: 啊咧

##### See also

* あら (ara)
* え (e)

### Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of あれ – see the following entry. :
| 【荒れ】 | [noun] stormy weather, tempest; chaps (of skin) |
(This term, あれ (are), is the hiragana spelling of the above term.) For a list of all kanji read as あれ, see Category:Japanese kanji read as あれ.) :

### Etymology 4

* Alternative spellings
* 吾 我
The long form of あ (a, “I, me”). From あ (a) +‎ れ (-re, nominalizing suffix)
Fell into disuse in roughly the Heian period, when it was replaced by われ (ware).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) あれ [àré] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [a̠ɾe̞]
(Can we verify this pronunciation?)

#### Pronoun

あれ • (are)
* (obsolete) first-person personal pronoun: I, me
** c. 1001–1014, Murasaki Shikibu, Genji Monogatari (Yume no Ukihashi)
    ...と、聞こえ動かして、几帳のもとに、おし寄せたてまつりたれば、あれにもあらず、居給へるけはい...(please add an English translation of this quotation)

### Etymology 5

* Alternative spellings
* 有れ 在れ

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [a̠ɾe̞]

#### Verb

あれ • (are)
* (Classical Japanese, literary) imperative of あり (ari, “to exist”); (modern language) imperative of ある (aru, “to exist”)
    光(ひかり)あれ
       hikari are
       let there be light
    乞(こ)うご期(き)待(たい)あれ
       kou go-kitai are
       (modern language, formal) please stay tuned
    お試(ため)しあれ
       o-tameshi are
       (modern language, formal) please try it out
    ご覧(らん)あれ
       go-ran are
       please look
** 1979, Yoshiyuki Tomino, Mobile Suit Gundam, episode 10, spoken by Garma Zabi (Katsuji Mori):
    ジオン公(こう)国(こく)に栄(えい)光(こう)あれ！
       Jion kōkoku ni eikō are!
       Glory to the Principality of Zeon!

##### Usage notes

* Although it remains grammatically correct in modern language, there are few, if any, situations in which it is used, outside of stock formal phrases inherited from the classical language.

##### Derived terms

* 幸(さち)あれ (sachi are)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 1: Man’yōshū 1 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1999, →ISBN.
* Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 3: Man’yōshū 3 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2002, →ISBN.
* Satake, Akihiro with Hideo Yamada, Rikio Kudō, Masao Ōtani, and Yoshiyuki Yamazaki (c. 759) Shin Nihon Koten Bungaku Taikei 4: Man’yōshū 4 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 2003, →ISBN.
* Yamagishi, Tokuhei (1963) [circa 1001-1014] Koten Bungaku Taikei 14: Genji Monogatari 5 (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN