# 怎

| 怎 | U+600E, &#24590; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-600E |
| ← 怍 [U+600D] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 怏 → [U+600F] |

## Translingual
### Han character

怎 (Kangxi radical 61, 心+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 竹尸心 (HSP), four-corner 8033$_1$, composition ⿱乍心)

#### Derived characters

* 𠷿

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 379, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 10431
* Dae Jaweon: page 708, character 1
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2280, character 10
* Unihan data for U+600E

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声) : phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs) + semantic 心 (“heart”).

### Etymology

First attested in the word 怎生 [10th c.] (Yuan et al., 1996).
Contraction of 作 (MC tsak) + some variant of 物 (MC mjut, “thing; what”), literally “to do what” (Norman, 1988). This is evidenced in forms found in the Tang and Song dynasties (Yuan et al., 1996): 作勿生 (MC tsak mjut sraeng) [8th c.], 作沒生 (MC tsak mwot sraeng) [8th c.], 作摩 (MC tsak ma) [10th c.], 作麼 (MC tsak maX) [10th c.].

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zěn (zen$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄗㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zam$^2$ / zaam$^2$ / dim$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciōng / cīng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chóaⁿ / chài / cháiⁿ / chá / chóa / chái / chím / chérm
    (Teochew, Peng'im): za$^2$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$tsen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zěn
*** Zhuyin: ㄗㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: zěn
*** Wade–Giles: tsên$^3$
*** Yale: dzěn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tzeen
*** Palladius: цзэнь (czɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sən²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zam$^2$ / zaam$^2$ / dim$^2$
*** Yale: jám / jáam / dím
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzam$^2$ / dzaam$^2$ / dim$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zem$^2$ / zam$^2$ / dim$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐm³⁵/, /t͡saːm³⁵/, /tiːm³⁵/
* zam2 - literary;
* zaam2 - literary (rare);
* dim2 - vernacular (most likely unrelated), more commonly written as 點.

### Definitions

怎
* how; why
* what

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 何, 如何 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 怎麼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 怎麼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 怎麼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 怎麼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 怎麼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 咋, 咋樣兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 咋, 咋的個, 咋麼, 咋麼個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 咋, 咋個, 啷個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 啷個 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 麼, 麼樣, 哪樣 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 井幹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 怎樣, 怎 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 點, 點樣 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 點, 點樣 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 幾何 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 點 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 點 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 啷, 啷樣 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 仰般, 仰仔 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 仰般 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 仰來 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 仰般, 仰仔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 仰仔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 仰般 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 仰脣, 仰 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 仰般, 仰般形 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 仰子 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 采翹 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 咋, 咋底 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 怎怎, 怎, 怎其 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 安難, 怎生 |
| Eastern Min | Singapore (Fuqing) | 安難 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 按怎, 怎影 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 按怎 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 按怎 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 按怎 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 障仔, 按怎, 怎 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 在生, 乜生, 做呢, 做物 |
| Southern Min | Raoping | 做呢 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 做呢 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 做呢 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 做呢 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 做呢, 做物 |
| Southern Min | Batam (Teochew) | 做呢物, 做物 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 怎作, 作乜 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 咋作 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 怎作 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 哪能 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 捺亨 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 咋, 咋貌, 咋貌介 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 訾那, 訾那能 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 何什, 何裡 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 麼家 |

### Compounds

* 不怎麼樣／不怎么样 (bùzěnmeyàng)
* 不毬的怎／不球的怎
* 不知怎的
* 多怎
* 怎不
* 怎價／怎价
* 怎向
* 怎地 (zěnde)
* 怎奈
* 怎奈向
* 怎好
* 怎得
* 怎敢
* 怎樣／怎样 (zěnyàng)
* 怎樣着
* 怎生 (zěnshēng)
* 怎生向
* 怎當／怎当
* 怎當得／怎当得
* 怎的
* 怎知 (zěnzhī)
* 怎見得／怎见得
* 怎許／怎许
* 怎說／怎说
* 怎麼／怎么
* 怎麼得了／怎么得了 (zěnme déliǎo)
* 怎麼搞的／怎么搞的
* 怎麼會／怎么会
* 怎麼樣／怎么样 (zěnmeyàng)
* 怎麼著／怎麼着／怎么着
* 怎麼辦／怎么办 (zěnmebàn)
* 按怎 (àn-chóaⁿ) (Min Nan)

### References

* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A01333
* “怎”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* why
* how

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): しん (shin)、そ (so)、そう (sō)
* Kun: いかで (ikade, 怎で)、どう (dou, 怎う)、どうで (doude, 怎うで)、なんぞ (nanzo, 怎)、いかで (ikade, 怎)、どう (dō, 怎)

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 怎
* いかで Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 怎 – see the following entry. :
| 【争いかで】 | [adverb] how Alternative spellings 如何で, 怎で |
(This term, 怎, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 怎
* どう Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 如何
For pronunciation and definitions of 怎 – see the following entry. :
| 【どう】 | [adverb] in what manner, how [adverb] what about... (used to make a suggestion) [interjection] Casual greeting: Howdy? What's new? What's up? [interjection] Casual question: It works? Is it OK? [interjection] Call out to horses or cows to control/stop them: Ho! Hoy! Whoa! Alternative spellings 如何, 怎う |
(This term, 怎, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.) :

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 怎
* なんぞ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 怎 – see the following entry. :
| 【なんぞ】 | [adverb] This term needs a translation to English. [phrase] This term needs a translation to English. Alternative spelling 何ぞ |
(This term, 怎, is an alternative spelling (obsolete) of the above term.) :

## Vietnamese
### Han character

怎: Hán Nôm readings: chẩm, chẩn, tẩn, trẫm
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation