# 鬼佬
## Chinese
### Etymology

(Can this etymology be sourced?) Originally Cantonese. From the supposed resemblance of Portuguese and other European skin tones to ghosts.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): guǐlǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄟˇ ㄌㄠˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwai$^2$ lou$^2$
* Hakka (Meixian, Guangdong): gui$^3$ lau$^3$
* Eastern Min (BUC): gūi-lō̤
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guǐlǎo [Phonetic: guílǎo]
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˇ ㄌㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guěilǎo
*** Wade–Giles: kuei$^3$-lao$^3$
*** Yale: gwěi-lǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goeilao
*** Palladius: гуйлао (gujlao)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ lɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Standard Chinese, erhua-ed)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guǐlǎor [Phonetic: guílǎor]
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄟˇ ㄌㄠˇㄦ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guěilǎor
*** Wade–Giles: kuei$^3$-lao$^3$-ʼrh
*** Yale: gwěi-lǎur
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: goeilaol
*** Palladius: гуйлаор (gujlaor)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ laʊ̯ɻʷ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwai$^2$ lou$^2$
*** Yale: gwái lóu
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwai$^2$ lou$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guei$^2$ lou$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷɐi̯³⁵ lou̯³⁵/
* Hakka
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: gui$^3$ lau$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /kuɪ³¹ lau³¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gūi-lō̤
*** Sinological IPA : /kui³³⁻³⁵ l̃o³³/

### Noun

鬼佬
* (chiefly Cantonese, Eastern Min, colloquial, derogatory, sometimes offensive, ethnic slur) gweilo; "foreign devil"; Caucasian; whitey

#### Usage notes

* A derogatory term for white men, mainly in speech. Prior to the 1980s, the term was commonly prefixed in Cantonese by 死 (sei2, “damned”), with the meaning "damned ghost bastard, damned foreign devil".

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 夷, 夷人, 外夷, 四夷, 胡人 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 外國人, 外賓, 外人, 洋人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 老外, 色糖 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 外國人, 老外 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 外國人, 老外 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 外國人 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 老外 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 外國人, 老外, 洋人 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 外國人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 老外, 洋人, 洋鬼子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 洋人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 老外, 洋人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yanqi | 外國人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 老外 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 外國人, 夷人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 洋人, 老外, 洋鬼子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 外國人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 老外, 外國人, 洋人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 外國人, 洋人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 外國人, 洋人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 老外, 洋老咪 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 外國人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 老外 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 外國人, 老外, 洋人, 洋鬼子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 外國人, 老外 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 外國人, 老番 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 外國人 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 老外 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 番鬼佬, 鬼佬 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 鬼佬, 外國佬, 番鬼佬 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 老番鬼 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 鬼佬 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 外國人 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 鬼佬 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 外國人, 鬼佬 |
| Cantonese | Yangon (Taishan) | 紅毛鬼, 外國人 |
| Cantonese | Mandalay (Taishan) | 外國人 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 外國人, 洋人 |
| Gan | Pengze | 外國佬 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 外國人, 洋人 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 洋人 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 外國人, 番人, 番仔, 番鬼 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 外國人, 外國佬, 洋人 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 外國人 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 外國人 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 外國人 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 外國人 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 外國人 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 外國人 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 外國佬 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 外國人, 洋人, 洋鬼子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 外國人 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 外國人, 番仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 番儂, 番囝, 番囝哥, 鬼佬 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 外國儂, 番仔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 番仔 |
| Southern Min | Hui'an | 外國仔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 番仔 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 外國儂 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 外國儂 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 外國儂, 番鬼, 番囝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 番囝, 番儂, 番囝鬼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 外地儂, 外國儂 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 番邦儂 |
| Central Min | Nanping (Wangtai, Yanping) | 外國人 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Sanxiang) | 番鬼佬 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 外國人 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 老外, 外國人, 外頭人, 洋人 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 外國人 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 外國人 |
| Wu | Danyang | 老外, 洋人 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 外國佬兒 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 番人 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 外國人, 外國佬, 洋鬼子兒 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 外國人, 外國佬, 洋人子, 洋人 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 洋人, 外國佬 |
| Note | Terms that include 鬼 and/or 番 are potentially derogatory. | Terms that include 鬼 and/or 番 are potentially derogatory. |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 西方人, 西洋人, 洋人, 白人, 白種人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 老外, 毛子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 洋人, 西洋人, 白人, 老外 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 紅毛人 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 洋人, 外國佬 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 洋人, 洋鬼子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 洋人 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 洋人 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 洋人 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 洋人, 高鼻子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 番鬼佬 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 洋鬼子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 西人, 老西, 老番, 鬼佬, 番鬼佬, 鬼子佬, 紅毛頭, 紅毛 dated, 紅毛鬼 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 西人, 白人, 鬼佬, 番鬼佬, 老番 dated, 紅毛鬼 dated, 白鬼 dated |
| Cantonese | Macau | 鬼佬 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 老番, 番鬼佬 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 老番, 番鬼, 番鬼佬, 紅毛 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 鬼佬 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 鬼佬 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 洋人 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 洋人 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 洋人 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 番人, 番鬼仔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 洋人 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 洋人, 西洋人, 鉤鼻公, 紅毛番 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 洋人, 西洋人, 阿啄仔, 鉤鼻仔, 紅毛番 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 西洋人, 紅毛番 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 紅毛人 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 番仔, 阿啄仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的, 番仔鬼 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 番仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 番仔, 紅毛番, 𧺤毛的 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 紅毛仔 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 阿啄仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 啄鼻仔 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 阿啄仔 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 西洋儂, 阿啄仔, 啄鼻仔 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 阿啄仔 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 紅毛, 紅毛猴 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 紅毛, 紅毛儂, 紅毛猴 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 化人, 白種人, 西洋儂, 西方人 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 番儂, 紅毛囝, 番囝 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 紅毛, 紅毛囝, 紅毛鬼 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 紅毛, 紅毛儂 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 鉤鼻鬼 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 番鬼, 紅毛, 高鼻綠目, 高鼻塌目 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 洋人 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 番人, 高鼻頭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 紅毛洋人, 洋人子, 洋人 |

#### Derived terms

* 鬼佬大戲／鬼佬大戏
* 鬼佬月餅／鬼佬月饼
* 鬼佬涼水／鬼佬凉水
* 鬼佬涼茶／鬼佬凉茶
* 鬼佬話／鬼佬话
* 鬼佬餐 (guǐlǎocān)
* 鬼佬鹹煎餅／鬼佬咸煎饼
* 鬼佬齋／鬼佬斋

#### Descendants

* → English: gweilo, gwailo, kwailo

### See also

* 鬼子 (guǐzi)
* 鬼婆 (guǐpó)
* 鬼仔
* 鬼妹 (guǐmèi)
* 白鬼 (báiguǐ)
* 黑鬼 (hēiguǐ)