OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# -𐌽𐌳𐍃
## Gothic
### Alternative forms

* -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands)
* -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds)

### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-ndz. Cognate with Dutch -end, English -ing, German -end, Latin -ēns, Ancient Greek -ων (-ōn), Sanskrit -अन्त् (-ant).

### Suffix

-𐌽𐌳𐍃 • (-nds)
* -ing. Forms present participles from verbs.
* -er. Forms agent nouns from verbs. Identical in form and meaning, but not in declension, to the present participle.

#### Usage notes

* In both cases, the suffix is always attached to the thematic vowel of the verb; thus, this suffix always manifests either as -𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ands) and -𐍉𐌽𐌳𐍃 (-ōnds). These are used when the infinitive ends in -𐌰𐌽 (-an) and -𐍉𐌽 (-ōn) respectively.
* Sometimes, apparent participles are attested which do not seem to have been formed via an extant verb but rather through the direct combination of various words plus this suffix into an adjective which resembles a participle in form and meaning; e.g. 𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸𐌰𐍂𐌹𐌽𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (blōþarinnands), 𐌿𐌽𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 (unfraþjands).

#### Declension

Participle:
An/īn-stem, strong in m. nom. sg. :
| Singular | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | -𐌽𐌳𐍃, -𐌽𐌳𐌰 -nds, -nda | -𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹 -ndei | -𐌽𐌳𐍉 -ndō |
| Accusative | -𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽 -ndan | -𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 -ndein | -𐌽𐌳𐍉 -ndō |
| Genitive | -𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 -ndins | -𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 -ndeins | -𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽𐍃 -ndins |
| Dative | -𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 -ndin | -𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽 -ndein | -𐌽𐌳𐌹𐌽 -ndin |
| Plural | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter |
| Nominative | -𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 -ndans | -𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 -ndeins | -𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 -ndōna |
| Accusative | -𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐍃 -ndans | -𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍃 -ndeins | -𐌽𐌳𐍉𐌽𐌰 -ndōna |
| Genitive | -𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 -ndanē | -𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐍉 -ndeinō | -𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌽𐌴 -ndanē |
| Dative | -𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 -ndam | -𐌽𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼 -ndeim | -𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 -ndam |
Noun:
Masculine nd-stem :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Nominative | -𐌽𐌳𐍃 -nds | -𐌽𐌳𐍃 -nds |
| Vocative | -𐌽𐌳 -nd | -𐌽𐌳𐍃 -nds |
| Accusative | -𐌽𐌳 -nd | -𐌽𐌳𐍃 -nds |
| Genitive | -𐌽𐌳𐌹𐍃 -ndis | -𐌽𐌳𐌴 -ndē |
| Dative | -𐌽𐌳 -nd | -𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌼 -ndam |
# Gaswerk
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Gaswerk n (strong, genitive Gaswerkes or Gaswerks, plural Gaswerke)
* gasworks

#### Declension

$^1$Now rare, see notes.

### Further reading

* “Gaswerk” in Duden online
# attribuais
## French
### Verb

attribuais
* first/second-person singular imperfect indicative of attribuer
# besuntava
## Portuguese
### Verb

besuntava
* first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of besuntar
# 棚仔
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pîⁿ-á / pêⁿ-á
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pîⁿ-á
*** Tâi-lô: pînn-á
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pvi'ar
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pĩ²⁴⁻²² a⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pêⁿ-á
*** Tâi-lô: pênn-á
*** Phofsit Daibuun: pve'ar
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pɛ̃¹³⁻²² a⁵³/

### Noun

棚仔
* (Southern Min) shed; shack

#### Synonyms

* 棚子 (péngzi)
# ficocianină
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French phycocyanine.

### Noun

ficocianină f (plural ficocianine)
* phycocyanin
# giftlet
## English
### Etymology

From gift +‎ -let.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈɡɪftlət/

### Noun

giftlet (plural giftlets)
* A small gift.
    Synonym: giftling
** 1976, Angela Carter, “My Father's House”, in Shaking a Leg, Vintage, published 2013, page 19:There is […] a number of plastic dolls in blonde wigs and kilts brought back as giftlets for my now deceased aunt by cronies who tripped off to other parts of Scotland for wee holidays.
** 2005, Catullus, translated by Peter Green, Poems, page 139:Yet the giftlets she offered the gods, the vows she pledged / with silent lips—these were not in vain, not unpleasing.
# нежитях
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈnʲeʐɨtʲəx]

### Noun

не́житях • (néžitjax) f inan pl
* prepositional plural of не́жить (néžitʹ)
# -𐌽𐌰𐌽
## Gothic
### Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *-naną.

### Suffix

-𐌽𐌰𐌽 • (-nan)
* Forms fientive verbs, with a sense of 'to become (the base)'.

#### Conjugation

Class 4 weak :
| Infinitive | -𐌽𐌰𐌽 -nan | -𐌽𐌰𐌽 -nan | -𐌽𐌰𐌽 -nan |
| Indicative | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | -𐌽𐌰 -na | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 -nōda | — |
| 2nd singular | -𐌽𐌹𐍃 -nis | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐍃 -nōdēs | — |
| 3rd singular | -𐌽𐌹𐌸 -niþ | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌰 -nōda | — |
| 1st dual | -𐌽𐍉𐍃 -nōs | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿 -nōdēdu | — |
| 2nd dual | -𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 -nats | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐍄𐍃 -nōdēduts | — |
| 1st plural | -𐌽𐌰𐌼 -nam | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌼 -nōdēdum | — |
| 2nd plural | -𐌽𐌹𐌸 -niþ | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌸 -nōdēduþ | — |
| 3rd plural | -𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳 -nand | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌿𐌽 -nōdēdun | — |
| Subjunctive | Present | Past | Present passive |
| 1st singular | -𐌽𐌰𐌿 -nau | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌿 -nōdēdjau | — |
| 2nd singular | -𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍃 -nais | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍃 -nōdēdeis | — |
| 3rd singular | -𐌽𐌰𐌹 -nai | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌹 -nōdēdi | — |
| 1st dual | -𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 -naiwa | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍅𐌰 -nōdēdeiwa | — |
| 2nd dual | -𐌽𐌰𐌹𐍄𐍃 -naits | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐍄𐍃 -nōdēdeits | — |
| 1st plural | -𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌼𐌰 -naima | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌼𐌰 -nōdēdeima | — |
| 2nd plural | -𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌸 -naiþ | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌸 -nōdēdeiþ | — |
| 3rd plural | -𐌽𐌰𐌹𐌽𐌰 -naina | -𐌽𐍉𐌳𐌴𐌳𐌴𐌹𐌽𐌰 -nōdēdeina | — |
| Imperative | | | |
| 2nd singular | -𐌽 -n | | |
| 3rd singular | -𐌽𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌿 -nadau | | |
| 2nd dual | -𐌽𐌰𐍄𐍃 -nats | | |
| 2nd plural | -𐌽𐌹𐌸 -niþ | | |
| 3rd plural | -𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐌰𐌿 -nandau | | |
| | Present | Past | |
| Participles | -𐌽𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍃 -nands | — | |
# Fotoempfängern
## German
### Noun

Fotoempfängern m
* dative plural of Fotoempfänger
# lack-lustre
## English
### Adjective

lack-lustre (comparative more lack-lustre, superlative most lack-lustre)
* Alternative spelling of lackluster
** 2018 February 10, Phil McNulty, “Tottenham Hotspur 1 - 0 Arsenal”, in BBC‎:Once the cobwebs of a lack-lustre first half were blown away, Spurs were irresistible and Arsenal were simply unable to cope with the power of Mousa Dembele in midfield and the creation and running of Christian Eriksen and Dele Alli - combined with the inevitable goalscoring prowess of Kane.

### Anagrams

* lackluster
# besuntaste
## Portuguese
### Verb

besuntaste
* second-person singular preterite indicative of besuntar
# squattérisez
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /skwa.te.ʁi.ze/
* Homophones: squattérisai, squattérisé, squattérisée, squattérisées, squattériser, squattérisés

### Verb

squattérisez
* inflection of squattériser:
** second-person plural present indicative
** second-person plural imperative
# ficoeritrină
## Romanian
### Etymology

Borrowed from French phycoérythrine.

### Noun

ficoeritrină f (plural ficoeritrine)
* (organic chemistry) phycoerythrin
# Nipponization
## English
### Noun

Nipponization (uncountable)
* The process of nipponizing, or making Japanese.
# intaka
## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [íⁿtaːka]

### Noun

íntaka class 9 (plural íintaka class 10)
* bird

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /íntaːɠa/

### Noun

íntaka class 9 (plural izintâka class 10)
* female finch

#### Inflection

Class 9/10 :
| | Singular | Plural |
| Full form | intaka | izintaka |
| Locative | entakeni | ezintakeni |
| | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural |
| Full form | intaka | intaka | izintaka | izintaka |
| Simple form | ntaka | ntaka | zintaka | zintaka |
| Locative | entakeni | entakeni | ezintakeni | ezintakeni |
| Copulative | yintaka | yintaka | yizintaka | yizintaka |
| Possessive forms |||||
| | Singular | Singular | Plural | Plural |
| | Modifier | Substantive | Modifier | Substantive |
| Class 1 | wentaka | owentaka | wezintaka | owezintaka |
| Class 2 | bentaka | abentaka | bezintaka | abezintaka |
| Class 3 | wentaka | owentaka | wezintaka | owezintaka |
| Class 4 | yentaka | eyentaka | yezintaka | eyezintaka |
| Class 5 | lentaka | elentaka | lezintaka | elezintaka |
| Class 6 | entaka | awentaka | ezintaka | awezintaka |
| Class 7 | sentaka | esentaka | sezintaka | esezintaka |
| Class 8 | zentaka | ezentaka | zezintaka | ezezintaka |
| Class 9 | yentaka | eyentaka | yezintaka | eyezintaka |
| Class 10 | zentaka | ezentaka | zezintaka | ezezintaka |
| Class 11 | lwentaka | olwentaka | lwezintaka | olwezintaka |
| Class 14 | bentaka | obentaka | bezintaka | obezintaka |
| Class 15 | kwentaka | okwentaka | kwezintaka | okwezintaka |
| Class 17 | kwentaka | okwentaka | kwezintaka | okwezintaka |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “-ntaka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “-ntaka (2.9.9)”
# espirrávais
## Galician
### Verb

espirrávais
* (reintegrationist norm, less recommended) second-person plural imperfect indicative of espirrar
# fluctuantium
## Latin
### Participle

flūctuantium
* genitive masculine/feminine/neuter plural of flūctuāns
# lacessar
## Latin
### Verb

lacessar
* first-person singular future passive indicative of lacessō
# besuntassem
## Portuguese
### Verb

besuntassem
* third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of besuntar
# squattérisiez
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /skwa.te.ʁi.zje/

### Verb

squattérisiez
* inflection of squattériser:
** second-person plural imperfect indicative
** second-person plural present subjunctive
# ficocianine
## Italian
### Noun

ficocianine f
* plural of ficocianina
# giovaneggiata
## Italian
### Participle

giovaneggiata f sg
* feminine singular of giovaneggiato
# intake system
## English
### Noun

intake system (plural intake systems)
* (automotive) The subsystem of an engine that takes in air from the environment and delivers it to the combustion chamber.
# espirrásseis
## Galician
### Verb

espirrásseis
* (reintegrationist norm) second-person plural imperfect subjunctive of espirrar

## Portuguese
### Verb

espirrásseis
* second-person plural imperfect subjunctive of espirrar
# Fourierseries
## Swedish
### Noun

Fourierseries
* indefinite genitive singular of Fourierserie
# lacessatam
## Latin
### Participle

lacessātam
* accusative feminine singular of lacessātus
# نتداول
## Arabic
### Verb

نتداول (form VI)
* نَتَدَاوَلُ (natadāwalu) /na.ta.daː.wa.lu/: first-person plural non-past active indicative of تَدَاوَلَ (tadāwala)
* نُتَدَاوَلُ (nutadāwalu) /nu.ta.daː.wa.lu/: first-person plural non-past passive indicative of تَدَاوَلَ (tadāwala)
* نَتَدَاوَلَ (natadāwala) /na.ta.daː.wa.la/: first-person plural non-past active subjunctive of تَدَاوَلَ (tadāwala)
* نُتَدَاوَلَ (nutadāwala) /nu.ta.daː.wa.la/: first-person plural non-past passive subjunctive of تَدَاوَلَ (tadāwala)
* نَتَدَاوَلْ (natadāwal) /na.ta.daː.wal/: first-person plural non-past active jussive of تَدَاوَلَ (tadāwala)
* نُتَدَاوَلْ (nutadāwal) /nu.ta.daː.wal/: first-person plural non-past passive jussive of تَدَاوَلَ (tadāwala)
# Delftlanden
## Dutch
### Etymology

Compound of delft (“excavated watercourse”) and the plural form of land (“land”). The neighbourhood is named after several hydronyms which all contain the element delft.
See also Dutch Low Saxon Delftlaanden.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈdɛlftˌlɑn.də(n)/
* Hyphenation: Delft‧lan‧den

### Proper noun

Delftlanden n
* A neighbourhood of Emmen, Drenthe, Netherlands
# 本末転倒
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 本 | 末 | 転 | 倒 |
| ほん Grade: 1 | まつ Grade: 4 | てん Grade: 3 | とう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||||
* Alternative spellings
* 本末轉倒 (kyūjitai) 本末顛倒

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほんまつてんとー [hóꜜǹmàtsùtèǹtòò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [hõ̞mːa̠t͡sɨtẽ̞nto̞ː]

### Noun

本(ほん)末(まつ)転(てん)倒(とう) • (honmatsutentō)
* putting the cart before the horse, failing to properly evaluate relative importances

### Verb

本(ほん)末(まつ)転(てん)倒(とう)する • (honmatsutentō suru) suru (stem 本(ほん)末(まつ)転(てん)倒(とう)し (honmatsutentō shi), past 本(ほん)末(まつ)転(てん)倒(とう)した (honmatsutentō shita))
* put the cart before the horse

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 本末転倒し | ほんまつてんとうし | honmatsutentō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 本末転倒し | ほんまつてんとうし | honmatsutentō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 本末転倒する | ほんまつてんとうする | honmatsutentō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 本末転倒する | ほんまつてんとうする | honmatsutentō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 本末転倒すれ | ほんまつてんとうすれ | honmatsutentō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 本末転倒せよ¹ 本末転倒しろ² | ほんまつてんとうせよ¹ ほんまつてんとうしろ² | honmatsutentō seyo¹ honmatsutentō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 本末転倒される | ほんまつてんとうされる | honmatsutentō sareru |
| Causative | 本末転倒させる 本末転倒さす | ほんまつてんとうさせる ほんまつてんとうさす | honmatsutentō saseru honmatsutentō sasu |
| Potential | 本末転倒できる | ほんまつてんとうできる | honmatsutentō dekiru |
| Volitional | 本末転倒しよう | ほんまつてんとうしよう | honmatsutentō shiyō |
| Negative | 本末転倒しない | ほんまつてんとうしない | honmatsutentō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 本末転倒せず | ほんまつてんとうせず | honmatsutentō sezu |
| Formal | 本末転倒します | ほんまつてんとうします | honmatsutentō shimasu |
| Perfective | 本末転倒した | ほんまつてんとうした | honmatsutentō shita |
| Conjunctive | 本末転倒して | ほんまつてんとうして | honmatsutentō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 本末転倒すれば | ほんまつてんとうすれば | honmatsutentō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
# giovaneggiasse
## Italian
### Verb

giovaneggiasse
* third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of giovaneggiare
# espadana
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* espadaina

### Etymology

From espada (“sword”), from Latin spatha, from Ancient Greek σπάθη (spáthē). Cognate with Spanish espadaña.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /espaˈðana̝/

### Noun

espadana f (plural espadanas)
* cattail (Typha latifolia)
* (architecture) bell-gable

#### Derived terms

* Espadanal
* Espadanedo
* Espadaneira
* Espadanoso
* Xunqueira de Espadanedo

### References

* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “espadan”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “espadana”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “espadana”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “espadana”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
# flottino
## Italian
### Verb

flottino
* inflection of flottare:
** third-person plural present subjunctive
** third-person plural imperative
# adoutrinava
## Galician
### Verb

adoutrinava
* (reintegrationist norm) first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of adoutrinar
# lacessant
## Latin
### Verb

lacessant
* third-person plural present active subjunctive of lacessō
# løberne
## Danish
### Noun

løberne c
* definite plural of løber
# Dopper
## English
### Etymology

From Dutch doper.

### Noun

Dopper (plural Doppers)
* (derogatory) An Anabaptist or Baptist.
** 1625 (first performance), Ben[jamin] Jonson, The Staple of Newes. […], London: […] I[ohn] B[eale] for Robert Allot […], published 1631, →OCLC, (please specify the page), (please specify the scene number in lowercase Roman numerals):This is a Dopper, a she Anabaptist
* (South Africa) A member of the Reformed Churches in South Africa, a Calvinistic denomination.
** 2003, Hermann Buhr Giliomee, The Afrikaners: Biography of a People, page 177:His Dopper community of the northeastern districts of the Cape Colony was considered more pious and socially conservative than any other community in the colony.
# 本末倒置
## Chinese

| | | root or trunk of a tree and the branches; the fundamental and the incidental | to place upside down; to invert; to invert |
| simp. and trad. (本末倒置) | simp. and trad. (本末倒置) | 本末 | 倒置 |
| Literally: “to invert root and branch”. ||||

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): běnmòdàozhì
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄣˇ ㄇㄛˋ ㄉㄠˋ ㄓˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bun$^2$ mut$^6$ dou$^2$ zi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: běnmòdàozhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄣˇ ㄇㄛˋ ㄉㄠˋ ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: běnmòdàojhìh
*** Wade–Giles: pên$^3$-mo$^4$-tao$^4$-chih$^4$
*** Yale: běn-mwò-dàu-jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beenmohdawjyh
*** Palladius: бэньмодаочжи (bɛnʹmodaočži)
*** Sinological IPA : /pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹⁻⁵³ tɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bun$^2$ mut$^6$ dou$^2$ zi$^3$
*** Yale: bún muht dóu ji
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bun$^2$ mut$^9$ dou$^2$ dzi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bun$^2$ mud$^6$ dou$^2$ ji$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /puːn³⁵ muːt̚² tou̯³⁵ t͡siː³³/

### Idiom

本末倒置
* putting the cart before the horse

#### Synonyms

* 本末顛倒／本末颠倒 (běnmòdiāndǎo)
# Ndjamena
## Afrikaans
### Proper noun

Ndjamena
* Alternative spelling of N'Djamena
# flottilla
## Italian
### Noun

flottilla f (plural flottille) (Variant of: flottiglia)
* fleet, flotilla
# -CHĄĄʼ
## Navajo
### Etymology

From Proto-Athabaskan *čʷanʼ ~ *čʷənʼ (“to defecate”).
Cognate root found in Ahtna tsaanʼ (“excrement”), estsenʼ (“I defecate”), Gwich'in tryąʼ (“excrement”).

### Root

-CHĄĄʼ
* to defecate, to cover with filth, to masturbate
| Theme | Category | Bases | Transitive bases (O + ł) |
| ∅ | conversive | S defecates, produces filth (on P) bikʼíhoochįįh (MOM)     hodichįįh iʼniichįįh tachįįh achįʼ (CONCL) ákʼinaachįʼ (CONT) (+d refl.) bikʼíhoochįįł (PROG) | S defecates O, dirties O (on P)   yikʼiiłchįįh ↳ ákʼiilchįįh (+d refl.)     tayoołchįįh yéłchįʼ (CONCL) |

#### Stem set

| Aspect | IMP | PERF | FUT | ITER | OPT |
| MOM | -chįįh | -chąąʼ | -chįįł | -chįįh | -chįįh |
| CONCL / CONT | -chįʼ | -chąąʼ | -chįįł | -chįįh | -chįʼ |
See also Appendix: Roots and stems derivation.

#### Synonyms

dirty:
* -BÉÉZH
* -ʼIH

#### Derived terms

Navajo terms belonging to the root -CHĄĄʼ (defecate)
# adoutrinedes
## Galician
### Verb

adoutrinedes
* second-person plural present subjunctive of adoutrinar
# attendrirai
## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /a.tɑ̃.dʁi.ʁe/

### Verb

attendrirai
* first-person singular simple future of attendrir
# يزوون
## Arabic
### Etymology 1
#### Verb

يزوون (form I)
* يَزْوُونَ (yazwūna) /jaz.wuː.na/: third-person masculine plural non-past active indicative of زَوَى (zawā)
* يُزْوَوْنَ (yuzwawna) /juz.waw.na/: third-person masculine plural non-past passive indicative of زَوَى (zawā)

### Etymology 2
#### Verb

يُزَوُّونَ • (yuzawwūna) (form II) /ju.zaw.wuː.na/
* third-person masculine plural non-past active indicative of زَوَّى (zawwā)
# 本末顛倒
## Chinese

| | | root or trunk of a tree and the branches; the fundamental and the incidental | to turn upside-down; to reverse; to be topsy-turvy |
| trad. (本末顛倒) | trad. (本末顛倒) | 本末 | 顛倒 |
| simp. (本末颠倒) | simp. (本末颠倒) | 本末 | 颠倒 |
| Literally: “to flip the root and branch”. ||||

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): běnmòdiāndǎo
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄣˇ ㄇㄛˋ ㄉㄧㄢ ㄉㄠˇ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: běnmòdiāndǎo
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄣˇ ㄇㄛˋ ㄉㄧㄢ ㄉㄠˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: běnmòdiandǎo
*** Wade–Giles: pên$^3$-mo$^4$-tien$^1$-tao$^3$
*** Yale: běn-mwò-dyān-dǎu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: beenmohdiandao
*** Palladius: бэньмодяньдао (bɛnʹmodjanʹdao)
*** Sinological IPA : /pən²¹⁴⁻²¹ mu̯ɔ⁵¹ ti̯ɛn⁵⁵ tɑʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/

### Idiom

本末顛倒
* putting the cart before the horse

#### Synonyms

* 本末倒置 (běnmòdàozhì)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 本 | 末 | 顛 | 倒 |
| ほん Grade: 1 | まつ Grade: 4 | てん Hyōgai | とう Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||||
* Alternative spelling
* 本末顚倒 (kyūjitai)
For pronunciation and definitions of 本末顛倒 – see the following entry. :
| 【本末転倒ほんまつてんとう】 | [noun] putting the cart before the horse, failing to properly evaluate relative importances [verb] put the cart before the horse |
(This term, 本末顛倒, is an alternative spelling of the above term.) :
# festschrauben
## German
### Etymology

fest- +‎ schrauben

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈfɛstˌʃʁaʊ̯bn̩]
* Hyphenation: fest‧schrau‧ben
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

festschrauben (weak, third-person singular present schraubt fest, past tense schraubte fest, past participle festgeschraubt, auxiliary haben)
* (transitive) to screw (tight)
    Synonym: anschrauben
    Antonyms: abschrauben, losschrauben

#### Conjugation

$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.
$^1$Rare except in very formal contexts; alternative in würde normally preferred.

### Further reading

* “festschrauben” in Duden online
* “festschrauben” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
# Nieuwerkerk
## Dutch
### Etymology

First attested as ecclesias in Selandia, videlicet in Duuelant Antiquam et Novam in 1233. Compound of an inflected form of nieuw (“new”) and kerk (“church”). So named to distinguish the settlement from Ouwerkerk.
See also Zealandic Nieuwerkaarke.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈniu̯.ərˌkɛrk/
* Hyphenation: Nieuw‧er‧kerk

### Proper noun

Nieuwerkerk n
* A village and former municipality of Schouwen-Duiveland, Zeeland, Netherlands

#### Derived terms

* Nieuwerkerkenaar
* Nieuwerkerks

### References

* van Berkel, Gerard, Samplonius, Kees (2018) “nieuwerkerk”, in Nederlandse plaatsnamen verklaard‎ (in Dutch), Mijnbestseller.nl, →ISBN
# flikte
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

flikte
* inflection of flikken:
** singular past indicative
** (dated or formal) singular past subjunctive

### Anagrams

* klieft
# espeyareis
## Asturian
### Verb

espeyareis
* inflection of espeyar:
** second-person plural pluperfect indicative
** second-person plural imperfect preterite subjunctive
# adseverantibus
## Latin
### Participle

adsevērantibus
* dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of adsevērāns
# կողակ
## Armenian
### Etymology

The origin is unknown.

### Pronunciation

* (Eastern Armenian) IPA: /koˈʁɑk/, [koʁɑ́k]
* (Western Armenian) IPA: /ɡoˈʁɑɡ/, [ɡoʁɑ́ɡ]
* Hyphenation: կո‧ղակ

### Noun

կողակ • (koġak)
* khramulya (Varicorhinus capoeta)
    կողակ Կուրի ― koġak Kuri ― Kura khramulya, Varicorhinus capoeta capoeta
    կողակ Սեւանի ― koġak Sewani ― Sevan khramulya, Varicorhinus capoeta sevangi

#### Declension

i-type, animate (Eastern Armenian) :
| | singular | plural |
| nominative | կողակ (koġak) | կողակներ (koġakner) |
| dative | կողակի (koġaki) | կողակների (koġakneri) |
| ablative | կողակից (koġakicʻ) | կողակներից (koġaknericʻ) |
| instrumental | կողակով (koġakov) | կողակներով (koġaknerov) |
| locative | — | — |
| | definite forms | definite forms |
| nominative | կողակը/կողակն (koġakə/koġakn) | կողակները/կողակներն (koġaknerə/koġaknern) |
| dative | կողակին (koġakin) | կողակներին (koġaknerin) |
| | 1st person possessive forms (my) | 1st person possessive forms (my) |
| nominative | կողակս (koġaks) | կողակներս (koġakners) |
| dative | կողակիս (koġakis) | կողակներիս (koġakneris) |
| ablative | կողակիցս (koġakicʻs) | կողակներիցս (koġaknericʻs) |
| instrumental | կողակովս (koġakovs) | կողակներովս (koġaknerovs) |
| locative | — | — |
| | 2nd person possessive forms (your) | 2nd person possessive forms (your) |
| nominative | կողակդ (koġakd) | կողակներդ (koġaknerd) |
| dative | կողակիդ (koġakid) | կողակներիդ (koġaknerid) |
| ablative | կողակիցդ (koġakicʻd) | կողակներիցդ (koġaknericʻd) |
| instrumental | կողակովդ (koġakovd) | կողակներովդ (koġaknerovd) |
| locative | — | — |

### References

* Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1913) “կողակ”, in Hayerēn gawaṙakan baṙaran [Armenian Provincial Dictionary] (Ēminean azgagrakan žoġovacu; 9) (in Armenian), Tiflis: Lazarev Institute of Oriental Languages, page 588a
* Ġazaryan, Ṙuben (2001) “կողակ”, in Kendanineri anunneri hayeren-ṙuseren-latineren kargabanakan baṙaran. Girkʻ D. Jkner [An Armenian–Russian–Latin Taxonomic Dictionary of Animal Names. Book IV. Fish] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Macmillan Armenia, →ISBN, § 204, page 20
# macrochambers
## English
### Noun

macrochambers
* plural of macrochamber
# squatchy
## English
### Adjective

squatchy (comparative more squatchy, superlative most squatchy)
* (US, regional, colloquial) Characteristic of the sasquatch.
** 2019, Robin James Smith, Sara Delamont, The Lost Ethnographies:Locations are said to feel 'squatchy', meaning they are ideal habitats for Bigfoot to live.
# Drangsal
## German
### Etymology

From Drang +‎ -sal.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈdʁaŋzaːl]
* Hyphenation: Drang‧sal
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Drangsal f (genitive Drangsal, plural Drangsale)
* tribulation

#### Derived terms

* drangsalieren

### Further reading

* “Drangsal” in Duden online