# 雱

| 雱 | U+96F1, &#38641; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-96F1 |
| ← 雰 [U+96F0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 雲 → [U+96F2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

雱 (Kangxi radical 173, 雨+4, 12 strokes, cangjie input 一月卜竹尸 (MBYHS), four-corner 1022$_7$, composition ⿱雨方)
* snowing heavily

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1372, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42233
* Dae Jaweon: page 1879, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4059, character 13
* Unihan data for U+96F1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 縍 | *paːŋ |
| 榜 | *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 蒡 | *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ |
| 牓 | *paːŋʔ |
| 螃 | *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ |
| 搒 | *paːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 舫 | *paːŋs, *paŋs |
| 謗 | *paːŋs |
| 雱 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 磅 | *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ |
| 霶 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 滂 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 鎊 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 髈 | *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ |
| 彷 | *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ |
| 趽 | *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs |
| 房 | *baːŋ, *baŋ |
| 篣 | *baːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 騯 | *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 傍 | *baːŋ, *baːŋs |
| 膀 | *baːŋ |
| 旁 | *baːŋ |
| 徬 | *baːŋs |
| 閍 | *praːŋ |
| 祊 | *praːŋ |
| 嗙 | *praːŋ |
| 方 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 汸 | *paŋ |
| 坊 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 邡 | *paŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 枋 | *paŋ |
| 鈁 | *paŋ |
| 蚄 | *paŋ |
| 肪 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 鴋 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 牥 | *paŋ |
| 昉 | *paŋʔ |
| 瓬 | *paŋʔ |
| 放 | *paŋʔ, *paŋs |
| 倣 | *paŋʔ |
| 芳 | *pʰaŋ |
| 淓 | *pʰaŋ |
| 妨 | *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 紡 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 仿 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 髣 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 鶭 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 訪 | *pʰaŋs |
| 防 | *baŋ, *baŋs |
| 魴 | *baŋ |

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-p(w)am (“to freeze; snow”) (provisionally reconstructed) (STEDT).
    Insides Sinitic, 雱 (OC *pʰˁaŋ) is cognate with 霙 (OC *ʔraŋ) "sleet, snowflake", 冰 (OC *p.rəŋ) & 凌 (OC *[r]əŋ ~ p.rəŋ) (both meaning "ice"), & possibly also 凝 (OC [ŋ](r)əŋ) "to congeal" (STEDT; Baxter and Sagart, 2014);
    Outsides Sinitic, cognate with Proto-Tani *pam (“snow”), Japhug jpɣom (“to freeze”), tɤjpɣom (“ice”) (STEDT; Zhang, Jacques, and Lai, 2019).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pāng, páng (pang$^1$, pang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄤ, ㄆㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pāng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄤ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pang
*** Wade–Giles: pʻang$^1$
*** Yale: pāng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pang
*** Palladius: пан (pan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑŋ⁵⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: páng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: páng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻang$^2$
*** Yale: páng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: parng
*** Palladius: пан (pan)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pong$^4$
*** Yale: pòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɔːŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: phang
Rime :
| Character | 雱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 普郎切 |
| Baxter | phang |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰɑŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰɑŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰɑŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰɑŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pʰɑŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pāng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pong$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰˤaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaːŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 雱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | páng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ phang › |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰˁaŋ/ |
| English | heavy snowfall |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 雱 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 2994 |
| Phonetic component | 方 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 滂 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰaːŋ/ |

### Definitions

雱
* (literary, of snowfall or rainfall) heavy; blanketing
    From: The Classic of Poetry, c. 11th – 7th centuries BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Běifēng qí liáng, yǔxuě qí pāng. [Pinyin]
    Cold does the north wind blow; heavy fall the rain and snow.

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): ほう (hō)