# كراويا
## Arabic
### Alternative forms

* كَرَاوِيَة (karāwiya), كَرَوْيَة (karawya), كَرَوْيَاء (karawyāʔ)

### Etymology

From Aramaic – Jewish Babylonian Aramaic כַרְוָיָא (karwāyā), Jewish Palestinian Aramaic כרבייא, Classical Syriac ܟܲܪܘܵܝܵܐ (karwāyā), ܟܵܪܘܵܝܵܐ (kārwāyā), ܟܲܪܲܘܵܝܵܐ (karawāyā), ܟܵܪܲܘܵܝܵܐ (kārawāyā) – from Ancient Greek *καρυΐα (*karuḯa), a typical plant derivation form of Ancient Greek καρώ (karṓ), κάρον (káron, “caraway”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ka.raː.wi.jaː/

### Noun

كَرَاوِيَا • (karāwiyā) f
* caraway (Carum carvi)
** c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام [yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʔaḥmad ibn al-ʕawwām], edited by José Antonio Banqueri, كتاب الفلاحة [Book on Agriculture], volume 2, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802$^{IA}$, Cap. 30, Art. 8, page 429:وفيه ينضج الخوخ والرمان والسفرجل ويسود بعض حب الريتون ويطيب حب شجر المشتهى والبلوط والقسطل ويفصل الجوز وهو أفضل وقت جمعه وفيه يجمع الصنوبر والعناب ويظهر فيه الأسفاراج وفيه يبدئ بالحرث والزراعة بعد نزول الغيث وذلك في بعض البلاد وفيه تجمع الكراويا والكمون واللوبياء والدرونج وبزور الأحباق والكزبر والأرز وتقلع الحناء.In this ripen the peach, the pomegranate, and the quince, and some olives become black, and the common whitebeam and the oak and the chestnut become good, and the walnuts open, and it is the best time to gather them, and in it pines and jujubes are harvested, and in it asparagus appears, and one begins to till and sow after the rain in some regions, and one collects caraway and jeera and green beans and leopard’s bane and basil seeds and coriander and rice and pulls the henna.

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: alcaravia
* → Medieval Latin: carui, carvi (see there for further descendants)
* → Navarro-Aragonese: alcarahueya
* → Persian: کراویا (karâviyâ)
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: alcarouvia, alcarovia, alcoravia, alcorouvia
** Galician: carvea, caravea, cardea, cardén, carveis, carvés, carvesa, alcaravía
** Portuguese: alcaravia, older also alcarovia
* → Sicilian: charavia
* → Spanish: alcaravea, older also alcarovea, alcaravía, alcarovía

   ##### meaning water parsnip or parsnip

* → Aragonese: cholovía
* → Catalan: xirivia, dialectally xerevia, xaravia, xerovia, xuruvia
* → Old French: eschiervies
** Middle French: eschervis, escherois, escheroys, escherviz, escheruys, eschervis, ciervis, cervis, chervis and many others
*** French: chervis (“skirret”); also girouille (“a kind of carrot”) and girole (“water parsnip”)
* → Spanish: chirivía, older also cherivía, and now chirivita means “common daisy”
* → Old Galician-Portuguese: quirivia, alquirivia, quirúvia, chirúvia, alquerivia, cherivia, alcherevia, cherevia, chirivia, alchísera (clearly blended with Latin siser)
** Galician: charouvía, and chirivía, chereuvía
** European Portuguese: cherovia
** Brazilian Portuguese: cherívia

### References

* “krwy”, in The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Project, Cincinnati: Hebrew Union College, 1986–
* Corriente, Federico (2008) “كراويا”, in Dictionary of Arabic and Allied Loanwords. Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, Galician and Kindred Dialects (Handbook of Oriental Studies; 97), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, page 78
* Baist, Gottfried (1889) Die arab. Hauchlaute und Gutturalen im Spanischen (in German), Erlangen: Junge & Sohn, page 51
* Corriente, Federico, Pereira, Christophe, Vicente, Angeles, editors (2019), “chirivía”, in Dictionnaire des emprunts ibéro-romans. Emprunts à l’arabe et aux langues du Monde Islamique (in French), Berlin: De Gruyter, →ISBN, page 295
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne (1881) “كراويا”, in Supplément aux dictionnaires arabes‎ (in French), volume 2, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 462
* Dozy, Reinhart Pieter Anne, Engelmann, Wilhelm Hermann (1869) Glossaire des mots espagnols et portugais, dérivés de l’arabe‎ (in French), 2nd edition, Leiden: E. J. Brill, page 254
* Freytag, Georg (1837) “كراويا”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum‎ (in Latin), volume 4, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 31
* Godefroy, Frédéric, Dictionnaire de l’ancienne langue française et de tous ses dialectes du IX$^e$ au XV$^e$ siècle (1881) (cervis)
* Löw, Immanuel (1881) Aramæische Pflanzennamen‎ (in German), Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, page 207
* Löw, Immanuel (1924) Die Flora der Juden‎ (in German), volume 3, Wien und Leipzig: R. Löwit, pages 437–438
* Sokoloff, Michael (2002) A Dictionary of Jewish Babylonian Aramaic of the Talmudic and Geonic periods, Ramat Gan: Bar Ilan University, page 599
* Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “karawīya”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, volume 19: Orientalia, page 87; Arveiller’s addendum pages 279 seqq.