# 命運
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): mìngyùn
       (Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄩㄣˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): минйүн (minyün, III-III)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ming$^6$ wan$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): miang-yun
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): miā-ūn / bēng-ūn / mia-gǐn
    (Teochew, Peng'im): mian$^7$ ung$^7$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$min-yun
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mìngyùn
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˋ ㄩㄣˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mìngyùn
*** Wade–Giles: ming$^4$-yün$^4$
*** Yale: mìng-yùn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: minqyunn
*** Palladius: минъюнь (minʺjunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ⁵¹⁻⁵³ yn⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: минйүн (minyün, III-III)
*** Sinological IPA : /miŋ⁴⁴ yŋ⁴⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ming$^6$ wan$^6$
*** Yale: mihng wahn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ming$^6$ wan$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ming$^6$ wen$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɪŋ²² wɐn²²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miang-yun
*** Hakka Romanization System: miang iun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: miang$^4$ yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi̯aŋ⁵⁵ i̯un⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miang-yun
*** Hakka Romanization System: miang (r)iun
*** Hagfa Pinyim: miang$^4$ yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mi̯aŋ⁵⁵ (j)i̯un⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: miā-ūn
*** Tâi-lô: miā-ūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: miaxun
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /miã²²⁻²¹ un²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /miã⁴¹⁻²² un⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /miã³³⁻²¹ un³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /miã³³⁻¹¹ un³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bēng-ūn
*** Tâi-lô: bīng-ūn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bexng'un
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /biɪŋ⁴¹⁻²² un⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ²²⁻²¹ un²²/
** (Hokkien: Longyan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mia-gǐn
*** Tâi-lô: mia-gǐn
*** IPA (Longyan): /miã³³⁴ ɡin⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: mian$^7$ ung$^7$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: miāⁿ ūng
*** Sinological IPA : /mĩã¹¹ uŋ¹¹/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$min-yun
*** MiniDict: min$^去$ yuin
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$min-hhyn
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /min²² ɦyn⁴⁴/

### Noun

命運
* fate (of a person, country, business, etc.); destiny; kismet; lot
** (specifically, biology) fate (final cell type into which a particular cell will develop)

#### Synonyms

* 命數／命数 (mìngshù)
* 命水 (meng$^6$ seoi$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 命途 (Hokkien)
* 字運／字运 (cê-ông) (Eastern Min, Hokkien)
* 定數／定数 (dìngshù)
* 宿命 (sùmìng) (Buddhism)
* 氣數／气数 (qìshù) (literary)
* 氣運／气运 (qìyùn) (literary or Southern Min)
* 造物 (zàowù) (obsolete)
* 運命／运命 (Hokkien, literary or Hakka)
* 運氣／运气
* 運途／运途 (Hokkien)
* 運道／运道 (yùndào)

#### Derived terms

* 人類命運共同體／人类命运共同体 (rénlèi mìngyùn gòngtóngtǐ)
* 命運兩濟／命运两济
* 命運圖／命运图

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 命運(めいうん) (meiun)
* → Korean: 명운(命運) (myeong'un)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 命 | 運 |
| めい Grade: 3 | うん Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) めーうん [mèéúń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [me̞ːɯ̟̃ɴ]

### Noun

命(めい)運(うん) • (meiun)
* fate; destiny; doom

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 命 | 運 |

### Noun

命運 • (myeong'un) (hangeul 명운)
* hanja form of 명운 (“fate, destiny, doom”)