# 堋

| 堋 | U+580B, &#22539; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-580B |
| ← 堊 [U+580A] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 堌 → [U+580C] |

## Translingual
### Han character

堋 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+8, 11 strokes, cangjie input 土月月 (GBB), four-corner 4712$_0$, composition ⿰土朋)
* bury

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 232, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5217
* Dae Jaweon: page 470, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 455, character 9
* Unihan data for U+580B

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 崩 | *pɯːŋ |
| 堋 | *pɯːŋs, *pʰɯːŋ, *bɯːŋ |
| 漰 | *pʰɯːŋ |
| 倗 | *pʰɯːŋʔ, *bɯːŋ, *bɯːŋs |
| 朋 | *bɯːŋ |
| 鵬 | *bɯːŋ |
| 棚 | *bɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ |
| 鬅 | *bɯːŋ |
| 掤 | *pɯŋ |
| 淜 | *bɯŋ |
| 輣 | *brɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ |
| 繃 | *prɯːŋ, *prɯːŋ |
| 弸 | *pʰrɯːŋ, *brɯːŋ |

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bèng (beng$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bing$^3$ / bang$^1$ / baang$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bèng
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bèng
*** Wade–Giles: pêng$^4$
*** Yale: bèng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: benq
*** Palladius: бэн (bɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /pɤŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bing$^3$ / bang$^1$ / baang$^6$
*** Yale: bing / bāng / baahng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bing$^3$ / bang$^1$ / baang$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bing$^3$ / beng$^1$ / bang$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɪŋ³³/, /pɐŋ⁵⁵/, /paːŋ²²/
* Middle Chinese: pongH
Rime :
| Character | 堋 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) |
| Final (韻) | 登 (129) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 方隥切 |
| Baxter | pongH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pəŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pəŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pəŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pəŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pəŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pəŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pəŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | bèng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | bang$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pˤəŋ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯːŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 堋 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bèng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pong$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pˁəŋ-s/ |
| English | put coffin in grave |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 堋 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| No. | 9659 |
| Phonetic component | 朋 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 𥦜 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯːŋs/ |
| Notes | 隥由登依北宋本校改， 餘校作鄧 |

#### Definitions

堋
* (literary) to lower a coffin into the grave

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): péng (peng$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pang$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: péng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: péng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: péng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: perng
*** Palladius: пэн (pɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pang$^4$
*** Yale: pàhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: peng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɐŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: bong
Rime :
| Character | 堋 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 並 (3) |
| Final (韻) | 登 (129) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 步崩切 |
| Baxter | bong |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /bəŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /bəŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /bəŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /bəŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /bəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /bəŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /bʱəŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | péng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pang$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*bɯːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 堋 |
| Reading # | 3/3 |
| No. | 9664 |
| Phonetic component | 朋 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 朋 |
| Old Chinese | /*bɯːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

堋
* (literary) low wall used to hang archery targets
* (literary) dyke

#### Compounds

* 堋淫
* 堋的
* 射堋

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pēng (peng$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pang$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pēng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: peng
*** Wade–Giles: pʻêng$^1$
*** Yale: pēng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: peng
*** Palladius: пэн (pɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɤŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pang$^1$
*** Yale: pāng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pang$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: peng$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰɐŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: phong
Rime :
| Character | 堋 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 登 (129) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 普朋切 |
| Baxter | phong |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰəŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰəŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰəŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰəŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰəŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰəŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pʰəŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | pēng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | pang$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰɯːŋ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 堋 |
| Reading # | 2/3 |
| No. | 9661 |
| Phonetic component | 朋 |
| Rime group | 蒸 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 漰 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰɯːŋ/ |

#### Definitions

堋
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Pronunciation 4

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pīng (ping$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bing$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ping
*** Wade–Giles: pʻing$^1$
*** Yale: pīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ping
*** Palladius: пин (pin)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bing$^3$
*** Yale: bing
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bing$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bing$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɪŋ³³/

#### Definitions

堋
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* “堋”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Jyutping Database (iso10646hk.net) - Cantonese Pronunciation List (Part 1), p. 88

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ほう (hō)、ぼう (bō)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)
* Kun: ほうむる (hōmuru)、あずち (azuchi)

## Korean
### Hanja

堋 • (bul) (hangeul 불, revised bul, McCune–Reischauer pul)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.