# سودا
## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic سَوْدَاء (sawdāʔ), through Classical Persian سودا (sawdâ).

### Noun

سودا • (sevda)
* black bile, one of the humours of ancient physiology
* melancholy, great sadness or depression
* passion, strong desire, ardor, enthusiasm
* ambition, eager and intense longing for power

#### Derived terms

* سودالی (sevdalı, “madly in love”)

#### Related terms

* سوداوی (sevdavi, “melancholic”)

#### Descendants

* Turkish: sevda
* → Albanian: sevda
* → Bulgarian: севда (sevda)
* → Greek: σεβντάς (sevntás)
* → Laz: სევდა (sevda), სევდალი (sevdali)
* → Macedonian: севда (sevda)
* → Romanian: sevda
* → Serbo-Croatian:
** Cyrillic script: севдах
** Latin script: sevdah

### Further reading

* Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007) “sevda1”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 4173
* Kélékian, Diran (1911) “سودا”, in Dictionnaire turc-français‎, Constantinople: Mihran, page 697
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687) “Melancholia”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum‎, Vienna, column 1026
* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “سودا”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, column 2700
* Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–) “sevda”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “سودا”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 1087

## Persian

| Dari | سودا |
| Iranian Persian | سودا |
| Tajik | савдо |

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [saw.dɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säw.d̪ɑː]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [säw.d̪ɑː]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [säw.d̪ɑː]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [säw.d̪ɔː]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [sow.d̪ɒː]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [säw.d̪ɔ]

### Etymology 1

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Noun

سودا • (sowdâ)
* trade

##### Derived terms

* سوداگر

##### Descendants

* → Bashkir: сауҙа (sawźa)
* → Bengali: সওদা (śoōda)
* → Chagatai: سودا
** Uyghur: سودا (soda)
** Uzbek: savdo
* → Hindustani:
    Hindi: सौदा (saudā)
    Urdu: سودا (sodā)
* → Kazakh: сауда (sauda)
* → Turkmen: söwda

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic سَوْدَاء (sawdāʔ).

#### Noun

سودا • (sowdâ)
* black bile
* melancholy
* passion

##### Derived terms

* سوداپرست (sowdâparast)
** سوداپرستی (sowdâparasti)
* سودازده (sowdâzade)
* سودائی (sowdâ'i)

##### Related terms

* سوداوی (sowdâvi)

### Further reading

* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “سودا”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “سودا”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul

## Urdu
### Pronunciation

* (Standard Urdu) IPA: /sɔː.d̪ɑː/

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Classical Persian سودا (sawdā).

#### Noun

سَودا • (saudā) m (Hindi spelling सौदा)
* goods, wares; trade, traffic; marketing; purchase, bargain
* fruits; sweetmeats

##### Derived terms

* سودا کرنا (saudā karnā)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Arabic سَوْدَاء (sawdāʔ).

#### Noun

سَودا • (saudā) m (Hindi spelling सौदा)
* the black bile (one of the four humours of the body), atrabilis; melancholy; hypochondria; frenzy, madness, insanity; love; desire, concupiscence; ambition

##### Derived terms

* سودا اچھلنا
* سودا ہونا (sodā honā)

##### Related terms

* سوداوی (sodāvī)
* سودائی (sodāī)

### Further reading

* “سودا”, in اُردُو لُغَت (urdū luġat) (in Urdu), Ministry of Education: Government of Pakistan, 2017.
* Platts, John T. (1884) “سودا”, in A dictionary of Urdu, classical Hindi, and English, London: W. H. Allen & Co.
* “سودا”, in ریخْتَہ لُغَت (rexta luġat) - Rekhta Dictionary [Urdu dictionary with meanings in Hindi & English], Noida, India: Rekhta Foundation, 2024.

## Uyghur
### Etymology

Inherited from Chagatai سودا, from Persian سودا.

### Noun

سودا • (soda) (plural سودىلار (sodilar))
* trade

#### Derived terms

* دۇنيا سودا تەشكىلاتى (dunya soda teshkilati)