# 詐

| 詐 | U+8A50, &#35408; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A50 |
| ← 詏 [U+8A4F] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 詑 → [U+8A51] |

## Translingual
### Han character

詐 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+5, 12 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人尸 (YROS), four-corner 0861$_1$, composition ⿰訁乍)

#### Derived characters

* 𠁙, 𨐷

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1154, character 20
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35373
* Dae Jaweon: page 1620, character 21
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3954, character 11
* Unihan data for U+8A50

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 詐 :
| Spring and Autumn | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
| Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script |
| | Old Chinese |
| 作 | *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡs, *ʔsaːɡ |
| 鲊 | *ʔsraːʔ |
| 痄 | *ʔsraːʔ |
| 厏 | *ʔsraːʔ, *zraːʔ |
| 詐 | *ʔsraːɡs |
| 咋 | *ʔsraːɡs, *zraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ |
| 笮 | *ʔsraːɡs, *zaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ |
| 榨 | *ʔsraːɡs |
| 炸 | *ʔr'aːɡs, *zreːb |
| 乍 | *zraːɡs |
| 拃 | *ʔsraːnʔ |
| 酢 | *sʰaːɡs, *zaːɡ |
| 祚 | *zaːɡs |
| 胙 | *zaːɡs |
| 阼 | *zaːɡs |
| 飵 | *zaːɡs, *zaːɡ |
| 秨 | *zaːɡs, *zaːɡ |
| 迮 | *ʔsaːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ |
| 柞 | *ʔsaːɡ, *zaːɡ |
| 昨 | *zaːɡ |
| 怍 | *zaːɡ |
| 砟 | *zaːɡ |
| 莋 | *zaːɡ |
| 岝 | *zaːɡ, *zraːɡ |
| 鈼 | *zaːɡ |
| 筰 | *zaːɡ |
| 葃 | *zaːɡ, *zreːɡ, *zaɡ |
| 舴 | *ʔr'aːɡ, *ʔsraːɡ |
| 窄 | *ʔsraːɡ |
| 蚱 | *ʔsraːɡ |
| 齚 | *zraːɡ |
| 泎 | *zraːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ʔsraːɡs) : semantic 言 + phonetic 乍 (OC *zraːɡs).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhà, zhǎ (zha$^4$, zha$^3$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄚˋ, ㄓㄚˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zaa$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): cha
    (Meixian, Guangdong): za$^4$
* Eastern Min (BUC): cá
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chà / chè / chèe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): za$^3$ / dên$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhà
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhà
*** Wade–Giles: cha$^4$
*** Yale: jà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jah
*** Palladius: чжа (čža)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂä⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhǎ
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄚˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhǎ
*** Wade–Giles: cha$^3$
*** Yale: jǎ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jaa
*** Palladius: чжа (čža)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂä²¹⁴/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zaa$^3$
*** Yale: ja
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzaa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: za$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡saː³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: cha
*** Hakka Romanization System: za
*** Hagfa Pinyim: za$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sa⁵⁵/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: za$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sa⁵³/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cá
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɑ²¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chà
*** Tâi-lô: tsà
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zax
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sa²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sa⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sa¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chè
*** Tâi-lô: tsè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zex
*** IPA (Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡se²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡se⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡se¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chèe
*** Tâi-lô: tsèe
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sɛ²¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: za$^3$ / dên$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsà / tèⁿ
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sa²¹³/, /tẽ²¹³/
* za3 - literary;
* dên3 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsraeH
Rime :
| Character | 詐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 莊 (18) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 側駕切 |
| Baxter | tsraeH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃˠa$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂᵚa$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃa$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂaɨ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃa$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃa$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂa$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhà |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zaa$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ˤrak-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ʔsraːɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 詐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhà |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsrae$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ts]ˁrak-s/ |
| English | treacherous |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 詐 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16645 |
| Phonetic component | 乍 |
| Rime group | 暮 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 詐 |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔsraːɡs/ |

### Definitions

詐
* to cheat; to defraud; to swindle
    爾虞我詐／尔虞我诈 ― ěryúwǒzhà ― to deceive each other
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Méng yuē: “Wǒ wú ěr zhà, ěr wú wǒ yú.” [Pinyin]
    The covenant said, “We shall not defraud you, and you shall not deceive us.
* to pretend; to feign
    詐病／诈病 ― zhàbìng ― to feign illness
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Jiāngjūn Jì Xìn nǎi chéng wángjià, zhà wèi hànwáng, kuáng chǔ. [Pinyin]
    General Ji Xin rode the king's carriage, pretending to be the King of Han (Liu Bang) to deceive the Chu.
* to bluff (someone) into giving information
* (obsolete) pretty; charming; dignified; haughty; proud
* (obsolete) Alternative form of 乍 (zhà, “suddenly”)
    From: Commentary of Gongyang, c. 206 BCE– 9 CE
    Cǐ piānzhàn yě, hé wèi yǐ zhàzhàn zhī cí yán zhī? [Pinyin]
    This was a positional war. Why does it then talk about it in terms of a surprise attack? (translation adapted from Gentz, 2015)

### Compounds

* 不苦詐／不苦诈
* 乘偽行詐／乘伪行诈
* 兵不厭詐／兵不厌诈 (bīngbùyànzhà)
* 刁詐／刁诈
* 勒詐／勒诈
* 哄嚇騙詐／哄吓骗诈
* 嚇詐／吓诈
* 奸詐 (jiānzhà)
* 奸詐不級／奸诈不级
* 姦詐／奸诈 (jiānzhà)
* 巧詐／巧诈 (qiǎozhà)
* 打詐／打诈
* 撒詐搗虛／撒诈捣虚
* 敲詐／敲诈 (qiāozhà)
* 敲詐勒索／敲诈勒索 (qiāozhàlèsuǒ)
* 機詐／机诈
* 權詐／权诈
* 欺詐／欺诈 (qīzhà)
* 爾虞我詐／尔虞我诈 (ěryúwǒzhà)
* 爾詐我虞／尔诈我虞
* 狂三詐四／狂三诈四
* 狙詐／狙诈
* 狡猾多詐／狡猾多诈
* 狡詐／狡诈 (jiǎozhà)
* 矯情飾詐／矫情饰诈
* 紮詐／扎诈
* 虛詐／虚诈
* 行詐／行诈
* 訛詐／讹诈 (ézhà)
* 詐偽／诈伪
* 詐取／诈取 (zhàqǔ)
* 詐取豪奪／诈取豪夺
* 詐哄／诈哄
* 詐唬／诈唬 (zhàhǔ)
* 詐啞佯聾／诈哑佯聋
* 詐奸不及
* 詐屍／诈尸 (zhàshī)
* 詐故／诈故
* 詐敗／诈败 (zhàbài)
* 詐敗佯輸／诈败佯输
* 詐欺／诈欺 (zhàqī)
* 詐欺罪／诈欺罪
* 詐死／诈死 (zhàsǐ)
* 詐眼兒／诈眼儿
* 詐稱／诈称 (zhàchēng)
* 詐術／诈术
* 詐語／诈语
* 詐謀奇計／诈谋奇计
* 詐財／诈财 (zhàcái)
* 詐降／诈降 (zhàxiáng)
* 詐騙／诈骗 (zhàpiàn)
* 誆言詐語／诓言诈语
* 詭詐／诡诈 (guǐzhà)
* 謊詐／谎诈
* 譎詐／谲诈
* 譟詐／噪诈
* 變詐／变诈
* 賴詐／赖诈
* 逆詐／逆诈
* 鄙詐／鄙诈
* 險詐／险诈 (xiǎnzhà)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: しゃ (sha)
* Kan-on: さ (sa, Jōyō)
* Kun: いつわる (itsuwaru, 詐る)

## Korean
### Hanja

詐 • (sa) (hangeul 사, revised sa, McCune–Reischauer sa, Yale sa)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

詐: Hán Nôm readings: trá, cha
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.