# 分子
## Chinese

* 分子 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 分子 (Cantonese)
* Hun-chú (Southern Min)

### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “sense of molecule being a calque of Latin particula?”

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fēnzǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣ ㄗˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fan$^6$ zi$^2$ / fan$^1$ zi$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fun$^5$ du$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hun-chír / hun-chú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^1$ ze$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fēnzǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fenzǐh
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^1$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: fēn-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fentzyy
*** Palladius: фэньцзы (fɛnʹczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵⁵ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^6$ zi$^2$ / fan$^1$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: fahn jí / fān jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^6$ dzi$^2$ / fan$^1$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^6$ ji$^2$ / fen$^1$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn²² t͡siː³⁵/, /fɐn⁵⁵ t͡siː³⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$份子 分子
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: fun$^5$ du$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fun³² tu⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-chír
*** Tâi-lô: hun-tsír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun³³ t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hun-chú
*** Tâi-lô: hun-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hunzuo
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun⁴⁴⁻²² t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hun⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡su⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hung$^1$ ze$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hung tsṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ³³⁻²³ t͡sɯ⁵²/
* Middle Chinese: pjun tsiX
Rime :
| Character | 分 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 精 (13) |
| Final (韻) | 文 (59) | 之 (19) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 府文切 | 即里切 |
| Baxter | pjun | tsiX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨun/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piun/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piuən/ | /t͡sie$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pun/ | /t͡sɨ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /piuən/ | /t͡siə$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭuən/ | /t͡sĭə$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pi̯uən/ | /t͡si$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fēn | zǐ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fan$^1$ | zi$^2$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə[n] tsəʔ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯn ʔslɯʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 分 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fēn | zǐ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjun › | ‹ tsi$^X$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*pə[n]/ | /*tsəʔ/ |
| English | divide | child; gentleman, master |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 分 | 子 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 3148 | 17857 |
| Phonetic component | 分 | 子 |
| Rime group | 文 | 之 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 分 | 子 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯn/ | /*ʔslɯʔ/ |

#### Noun

分子
* side branch in a family tree
    From: Commentary of Guliang, circa 206 BCE– 9 CE
    Yān, Zhōu zhī fēnzǐ yě. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* component
* (chemistry) molecule
    極性分子／极性分子 ― jíxìng fēnzǐ ― polar molecule
    一分子甲烷 ― yī fēnzǐ jiǎwán ― a molecule of methane
* (arithmetic) numerator

##### Derived terms

* 分子式 (fēnzǐshì)
* 分子晶體／分子晶体 (fēnzǐ jīngtǐ)
* 分子生物學／分子生物学 (fēnzǐ shēngwùxué)
* 分子結構／分子结构 (fēnzǐ jiégòu)
* 超分子 (chāofēnzǐ)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fènzǐ
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ㄗˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): fan$^6$ zi$^2$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): fun$^5$ du$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hūn-chír / hūn-chú
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hung$^7$ ze$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fènzǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ㄗˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fènzǐh
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^4$-tzŭ$^3$
*** Yale: fèn-dž
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenntzyy
*** Palladius: фэньцзы (fɛnʹczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵¹ t͡sz̩²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fan$^6$ zi$^2$
*** Yale: fahn jí
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fan$^6$ dzi$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fen$^6$ ji$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɐn²² t͡siː³⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$份子 分子
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: fun$^5$ du$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /fun³² tu⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-chír
*** Tâi-lô: hūn-tsír
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hun⁴¹⁻²² t͡sɯ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hūn-chú
*** Tâi-lô: hūn-tsú
*** Phofsit Daibuun: huxnzuo
*** IPA (Taipei): /hun³³⁻¹¹ t͡su⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hun³³⁻²¹ t͡su⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hun²²⁻²¹ t͡su⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hung$^7$ ze$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hūng tsṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /huŋ¹¹ t͡sɯ⁵²/

#### Noun

分子
* (chiefly derogatory) member (of a class); element (of a group of people)
    不法分子 ― bùfǎ fènzǐ ― offender
    分裂分子 ― fēnliè fènzǐ ― separatist

##### Derived terms

* 反革命分子 (fǎngémìng fènzǐ)
* 叛亂分子／叛乱分子 (pànluàn fènzǐ)
* 右翼分子 (yòuyì fènzǐ)
* 壞分子／坏分子 (huàifènzǐ)
* 左翼分子 (zuǒyì fènzǐ)
* 恐怖分子 (kǒngbùfènzǐ)
* 投機分子／投机分子 (tóujī fènzǐ)
* 極端分子／极端分子 (jíduān fènzǐ)
* 活動分子／活动分子 (huódòng fènzǐ)
* 活躍分子／活跃分子 (huóyuè fènzǐ)
* 犯罪分子 (fànzuì fènzǐ)
* 異議分子／异议分子 (yìyì fènzǐ)
* 知識分子／知识分子
* 積極分子／积极分子 (jījí fènzǐ)

### Pronunciation 3

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fènzi
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄣˋ ˙ㄗ
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fènzi
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄣˋ ˙ㄗ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fènzi̊h
*** Wade–Giles: fên$^4$-tzŭ$^5$
*** Yale: fèn-dz
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: fenn.tzy
*** Palladius: фэньцзы (fɛnʹczy)
*** Sinological IPA : /fən⁵¹ d͡z̥z̩¹/

#### Noun

分子
* Taiwan standard form of 份子 (fènzi).

### Pronunciation 4

* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): fen$^1$ zr / fen$^5$ zr
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: fen$^1$ zr / fen$^5$ zr
*** Sinological IPA : /ɸən³³ t͡sz̩³/, /ɸən²¹⁻¹¹ t͡sz̩³/

#### Noun

分子
* (Xiang) mark; grade; score

##### Synonyms

* 分數／分数 (fēnshù)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 分 | 子 |
| ぶん Grade: 2 | し Grade: 1 |
| goon ||

### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 分子 (pjun tsiX).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぶんし [búꜜǹshì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [bɯ̟̃ɰ̃ɕi]

### Noun

分(ぶん)子(し) • (bunshi)
* (set theory) element
* (arithmetic) numerator
* (chemistry) molecule

#### Related terms

* 分母(ぶんぼ) (bunbo): denominator

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 分 | 子 |

### Noun

分子 • (bunja) (hangeul 분자)
* hanja form of 분자 (“molecule; element; numerator”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 分 | 子 |

### Noun

分子
* chữ Hán form of phân tử (“molecule, element”).
* chữ Hán form of phần tử (“member (of a class); element (of a group of people, things)”).