# ⲁⲗⲉϩ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϩⲁⲣⲉϩ (hareh) — Sahidic
* (rare) ϩⲁⲣⲏϩⲉ (harēhe) — Sahidic
* ⲉⲣⲉϩ (ereh) — Sahidic, Akhmimic
* ⲉⲣⲏϩ (erēh) — Sahidic, Akhmimic
* ⲁⲣⲏϩ (arēh) — Akhmimic, Lycopolitan
* ⲁⲣⲉϩ (areh) — Sahidic, Bohairic

### Etymology

From Demotic ḥrḥ (“to protect”), likely from Egyptian ḥrḥr (“to guard”).

### Verb

ⲁⲗⲉϩ • (aleh)
* (Fayyumic) to keep, to guard
* (Fayyumic) to study, to learn

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲁⲗⲉϩ aleh | imperative | affirmative | ⲁⲗⲉϩ aleh |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲁⲗⲉϩ štemaleh | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲡⲉⲗⲁⲗⲉϩ mpelaleh, pelaleh |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲁⲗⲉϩ tialeh | ⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ kaleh | ⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ tealeh | ϥⲁⲗⲉϩ faleh | ⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ saleh | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ tenaleh | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ tetenaleh | ⲥⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ sealeh | ⲁⲗⲉϩ aleh |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ eialeh | ⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ ekaleh | ⲉⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ elealeh | ⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ efaleh | ⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ esaleh | ⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ enaleh | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ eletenaleh | ⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ eualeh | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ ele- aleh |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲁⲗⲉϩ etialeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ etekaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etealeh | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ etefaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ etesaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ etenaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ etetenaleh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ etoualeh | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ ete- aleh, etele- aleh |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ naialeh | ⲛⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ nakaleh | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nalealeh | ⲛⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ nafaleh | ⲛⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ nasaleh | ⲛⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nanaleh | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ naletenaleh | ⲛⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ naualeh | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ nale- aleh |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ aialeh | ⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ akaleh | ⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ alealeh | ⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ afaleh | ⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ asaleh | ⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ analeh | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ aletenaleh | ⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ aualeh | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ ale- aleh |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ tinealeh | ⲕⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ knealeh | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ tenealeh | ϥⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ fnealeh | ⲥⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ snealeh | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ tennealeh | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ tetennealeh | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ senealeh | ⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nealeh |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ einealeh | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ eknealeh | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ elenealeh | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ efnealeh | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ esnealeh | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ ennealeh | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ eletennealeh | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ eunealeh | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ ele- nealeh |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etinealeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ eteknealeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etenealeh | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etefnealeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etesnealeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etennealeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etetennealeh | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etounealeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etele- nealeh |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nainealeh | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ naknealeh | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nalenealeh | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nafnealeh | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nasnealeh | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nannealeh | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ naletennealeh | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ naunealeh | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nale- nealeh |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ ainealeh | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ aknealeh | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ alenealeh | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ afnealeh | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ asnealeh | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ annealeh | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ aletennealeh | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ aunealeh | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ ale- nealeh |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ aialeh | ⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ akaleh | ⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ alealeh | ⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ afaleh | ⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ asaleh | ⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ analeh | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ atetenaleh | ⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ aualeh | ⲁ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ a- aleh |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ mpialeh | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ mpekaleh | ⲙⲡⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ mpealeh | ⲙⲡⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ mpefaleh | ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ mpesaleh | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ mpenaleh | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ mpetenaleh | ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ mpoualeh | ⲙⲡⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ mpe- aleh |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ eaialeh | ⲉⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ eakaleh | ⲉⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ ealealeh | ⲉⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ eafaleh | ⲉⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ easaleh | ⲉⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ eanaleh | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ eatetenaleh | ⲉⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ eaualeh | ⲉⲁ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ ea- aleh |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ empialeh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ empekaleh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ empealeh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ empefaleh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ empesaleh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ empenaleh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ empetenaleh | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ empoualeh | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ empe- aleh |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ ntaialeh | ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ ntakaleh | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ ntalealeh | ⲛⲧⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ ntafaleh | ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ ntasaleh | ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ ntanaleh | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ etaletenaleh | ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ ntaualeh | ⲛⲧⲁ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ nta- aleh |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ etempialeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ etempekaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etempealeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ etempefaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ etempesaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ etempenaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ etempetenaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ etempoualeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ etempe- aleh |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ nneaialeh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ nneakaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nnealealeh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ nneafaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ nneasaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nneanaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nneatetenaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ nneaualeh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ nnea- aleh |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempialeh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempekaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempealeh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempefaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempesaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempenaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempetenaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempoualeh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempe- aleh |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ aaialeh | ⲁⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ aakaleh | ⲁⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ aalealeh | ⲁⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ aafaleh | ⲁⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ aasaleh | ⲁⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ aanaleh | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ etaletenaleh | ⲁⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ aaualeh | ⲁⲁ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ aa- aleh |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲁⲗⲉϩ mpatialeh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ mpatekaleh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ mpatealeh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ mpatefaleh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ mpatesaleh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ mpatenaleh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ mpatetenaleh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ mpatoualeh | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ mpate- aleh |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲁⲗⲉϩ empatialeh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ empatekaleh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ empatealeh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ empatefaleh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ empatesaleh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ empatenaleh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ empatetenaleh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ empatoualeh | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ empate- aleh |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲁⲗⲉϩ etempatialeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ etempatekaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etempatealeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ etempatefaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ etempatesaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ etempatenaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ etempatetenaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ etempatoualeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ etempate- aleh |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempatialeh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempatekaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempatealeh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempatefaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempatesaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempatenaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempatetenaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempatoualeh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ nnempate- aleh |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ šaialeh | ϣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ šakaleh | ϣⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ šalealeh | ϣⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ šafaleh | ϣⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ šasaleh | ϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ šanaleh | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ šatetenaleh | ϣⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ šaualeh | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ šale- aleh |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ meialeh | ⲙⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ mekaleh | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ melealeh | ⲙⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ mefaleh | ⲙⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ mesaleh | ⲙⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ menaleh | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ meletenaleh | ⲙⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ meualeh | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ mele- aleh |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ ešaialeh | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ ešakaleh | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ ešalealeh | ⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ ešafaleh | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ ešasaleh | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ ešanaleh | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ ešatetenaleh | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ ešaualeh | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ ešale- aleh |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ emeialeh | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ emekaleh | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ emelealeh | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ emefaleh | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ emesaleh | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ emenaleh | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ emeletenaleh | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ emeualeh | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ emele- aleh |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ etešaialeh, nšaialeh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ etešakaleh, nšakaleh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etešalealeh, nšalealeh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛϣⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ etešafaleh, nšafaleh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ etešasaleh, nšasaleh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ etešanaleh, nšanaleh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ etešatetenaleh, nšatetenaleh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ etešaualeh, nšaualeh | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ etešale- aleh, nšale- aleh |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ etemeialeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ etemekaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ etemelealeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ etemefaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ etemesaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ etemenaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ etemeletenaleh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ etemeualeh | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ etemele- aleh |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ nnešaialeh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ nnešakaleh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nnešalealeh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ nnešafaleh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ nnešasaleh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nnešanaleh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nnešatetenaleh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ nnešaualeh | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ nnešale- aleh |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ nnemeialeh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ nnemekaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nnemelealeh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ nnemefaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ nnemesaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nnemenaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nnemeletenaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ nnemeualeh | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ nnemele- aleh |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ nmeialeh | ⲛⲙⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ nmekaleh | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nmelealeh | ⲛⲙⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ nmefaleh | ⲛⲙⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ nmesaleh | ⲛⲙⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nmenaleh | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nmeletenaleh | ⲛⲙⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ nmeualeh | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ nmele- aleh |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ eiealeh | ⲉⲕⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ ekealeh | ⲉⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ elealeh | ⲉϥⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ efealeh | ⲉⲥⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ esealeh | ⲉⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ enealeh | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ eletenealeh | ⲉⲩⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ euealeh | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ ele- aleh |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲁⲗⲉϩ nnaaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ nnekaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nnealeh | ⲛⲛⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ nnefaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ nnesaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nnenaleh | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nnetenaleh | ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ nnoualeh | ⲛⲛⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ nne- aleh |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ malialeh | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ malefaleh | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ malesaleh | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ malenaleh | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ maloualeh | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ male- aleh |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ mpeltrialeh | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ mpeltrefaleh | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ mpeltresaleh | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ mpeltrenaleh | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ mpeltreualeh | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ mpeltre- aleh |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲁⲗⲉϩ taaleh, ntaaleh | ⲛⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ nkaleh | ⲛⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ ntealeh | ⲛϥⲁⲗⲉϩ nfaleh | ⲛⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ nsaleh | ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ ntenaleh | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ ntetenaleh | ⲛⲥⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ nsealeh | ⲛⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ nte- aleh |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ talialeh, ntalialeh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ talekaleh, ntalekaleh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ talealeh, ntalealeh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ talefaleh, ntalefaleh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ talesaleh, ntalesaleh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ talenaleh, ntalenaleh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ taletenaleh, ntaletenaleh | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ taloualeh, ntaloualeh | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ tale- aleh, ntale- aleh |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ ntelialeh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ ntelekaleh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ ntelealeh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ ntelefaleh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ ntelesaleh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ ntelenaleh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ nteletenaleh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ nteloualeh | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ ntele- aleh |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲁⲗⲉϩ šantialeh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ šantekaleh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ šantealeh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲁⲗⲉϩ šantefaleh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ šantesaleh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ šantenaleh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ šantetenaleh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ šantoualeh | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ šante- aleh |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ eišanaleh | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ ekšanaleh | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ elešanaleh | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ efšanaleh | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ esšanaleh | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ enšanaleh | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ eletenšanaleh | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ eušanaleh | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ elešan- aleh, elšan- aleh |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲁⲗⲉϩ aialeh | ⲁⲕⲁⲗⲉϩ akaleh | ⲁⲗⲉⲁⲗⲉϩ alealeh | ⲁϥⲁⲗⲉϩ afaleh | ⲁⲥⲁⲗⲉϩ asaleh | ⲁⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ analeh | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲗⲉϩ aletenaleh | ⲁⲩⲁⲗⲉϩ aualeh | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲁⲗⲉϩ ale- aleh |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### Noun

ⲁⲗⲉϩ • (aleh) m
* (Fayyumic) watch, guard

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 296
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 707
* Westendorf, Wolfhart (1977) Koptisches Handwörterbuch, page 569