# ⲧⲱⲃ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲧⲟⲩⲟⲩⲃⲉ (touoube), ⲧⲟⲩⲃⲉ (toube) — Akhmimic
* ⲧⲱⲡ (tōp), ⲧⲟⲃ (tob) — Bohairic
* ⲧⲱⲱⲃⲓ (tōōbi) — Fayyumic
* ⲧⲱⲃⲉ (tōbe) — Sahidic, Lycopolitan

### Verb

ⲧⲱⲃ • (tōb) (pronominal state ⲧⲟⲃ⸗)
* (Bohairic) to repay, requite

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲃ tōb | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲃ tōb |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲧⲱⲃ štemtōb | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲧⲱⲃ m̀pertōb |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲱⲃ titōb | ⲕⲧⲱⲃ ktōb | ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲃ tetōb | ϥⲧⲱⲃ ftōb | ⲥⲧⲱⲃ stōb | ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ tentōb | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ tetentōb | ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲃ setōb | ⲧⲱⲃ tōb |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲧⲱⲃ eitōb | ⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ ektōb | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ eretōb | ⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ eftōb | ⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ estōb | ⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ entōb | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ eretentōb | ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲃ eutōb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ ere- tōb |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲱⲃ etitōb | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ etektōb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲱⲃ etetōb | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ eteftōb | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ etestōb | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ etentōb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ etetentōb | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ etoutōb | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ ete- tōb |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ naitōb | ⲛⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ naktōb | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ naretōb | ⲛⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ naftōb | ⲛⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ nastōb | ⲛⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ nantōb | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ naretentōb | ⲛⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ nautōb | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ nare- tōb |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ aitōb | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ aktōb | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ aretōb | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ aftōb | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ astōb | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ antōb | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ aretentōb | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ autōb | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ are- tōb |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ tinatōb | ⲭⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ khnatōb | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲧⲱⲃ teratōb | ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ fnatōb | ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ snatōb | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ tennatōb | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ tetennatōb | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ senatōb | ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ natōb |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ einatōb | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ ekhnatōb | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ erenatōb | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ efnatōb | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ esnatōb | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ ennatōb | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ eretennatōb | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ eunatōb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ ere- natōb |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ etinatōb | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ etekhnatōb | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ etenatōb | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ etefnatōb | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ etesnatōb | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ etennatōb | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ etetennatōb | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ etounatōb | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ ete- natōb |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ nainatōb | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ nakhnatōb | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ narenatōb | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ nafnatōb | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ nasnatōb | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ nannatōb | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ naretennatōb | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ naunatōb | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ nare- natōb |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ ainatōb | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ akhnatōb | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ arenatōb | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ afnatōb | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ asnatōb | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ annatōb | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ aretennatōb | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ aunatōb | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ are- natōb |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ aitōb | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ aktōb | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ aretōb | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ aftōb | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ astōb | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ antōb | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ atetentōb | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ autōb | ⲁ- ⲧⲱⲃ a- tōb |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲃ m̀pitōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ m̀pektōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲃ m̀petōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ m̀peftōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ m̀pestōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ m̀pentōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ m̀petentōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ m̀poutōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ m̀pe- tōb |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ eaitōb | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ eaktōb | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ earetōb | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ eaftōb | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ eastōb | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ eantōb | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ eatetentōb | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ eautōb | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲃ ea- tōb |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲃ em̀pitōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ em̀pektōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲃ em̀petōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ em̀peftōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ em̀pestōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ em̀pentōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ em̀petentōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ em̀poutōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ em̀pe- tōb |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ etaitōb | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ etaktōb | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ etaretōb | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ etaftōb | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ etastōb | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ etantōb | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ etaretentōb | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ etautōb | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲃ eta- tōb |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲃ etm̀pitōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ etm̀pektōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲃ etm̀petōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ etm̀peftōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ etm̀pestōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ etm̀pentōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ etm̀petentōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ etm̀poutōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ etm̀pe- tōb |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ neaitōb | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ neaktōb | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ nearetōb | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ neaftōb | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ neastōb | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ neantōb | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ neatetentōb | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ neautōb | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲃ nea- tōb |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲃ nem̀pitōb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ nem̀pektōb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲃ nem̀petōb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ nem̀peftōb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ nem̀pestōb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ nem̀pentōb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ nem̀petentōb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ nem̀poutōb | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ nem̀pe- tōb |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ etaitōb | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ etaktōb | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ etaretōb | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ etaftōb | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ etastōb | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ etantōb | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ etaretentōb | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ etautōb | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲃ eta- tōb |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲃ m̀patitōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ m̀patektōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲃ m̀patetōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ m̀pateftōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ m̀patestōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ m̀patentōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ m̀patetentōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ m̀patoutōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ m̀pate- tōb |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲃ em̀patitōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ em̀patektōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲃ em̀patetōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ em̀pateftōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ em̀patestōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ em̀patentōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ em̀patetentōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ em̀patoutōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ em̀pate- tōb |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲃ etm̀patitōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ etm̀patektōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲃ etm̀patetōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ etm̀pateftōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ etm̀patestōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ etm̀patentōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ etm̀patetentōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ etm̀patoutōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ etm̀pate- tōb |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲃ nam̀patitōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ nam̀patektōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲃ nam̀patetōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ nam̀pateftōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ nam̀patestōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ nam̀patentōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ nam̀patetentōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ nam̀patoutōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ nam̀pate- tōb |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ šaitōb | ϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ šaktōb | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ šaretōb | ϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ šaftōb | ϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ šastōb | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ šantōb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ šatetentōb | ϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ šautōb | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ šare- tōb |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ m̀paitōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ m̀paktōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ m̀paretōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ m̀paftōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ m̀pastōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ m̀pantōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ m̀paretentōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ m̀pautōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ m̀pare- tōb |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ ešaitōb | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ ešaktōb | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ ešaretōb | ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ ešaftōb | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ ešastōb | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ ešantōb | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ ešatetentōb | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ ešautōb | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ ešare- tōb |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ em̀paitōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ em̀paktōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ em̀paretōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ em̀paftōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ em̀pastōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ em̀pantōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ em̀paretentōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ em̀pautōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ em̀pare- tōb |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ etšaitōb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ etšaktōb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ etšaretōb | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ etšaftōb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ etšastōb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ etšantōb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ etšatetentōb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ etšautōb | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ etšare- tōb |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ etm̀paitōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ etm̀paktōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ etm̀paretōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ etm̀paftōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ etm̀pastōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ etm̀pantōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ etm̀paretentōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ etm̀pautōb | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ etm̀pare- tōb |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ našaitōb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ našaktōb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ našaretōb | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ našaftōb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ našastōb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ našantōb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ našatetentōb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ našautōb | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ našare- tōb |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ nam̀paitōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ nam̀paktōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ nam̀paretōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ nam̀paftōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ nam̀pastōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ nam̀pantōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ nam̀paretentōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ nam̀pautōb | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ nam̀pare- tōb |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ em̀paitōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ em̀paktōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ em̀paretōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ em̀paftōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ em̀pastōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ em̀pantōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ em̀paretentōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ em̀pautōb | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ em̀pare- tōb |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲧⲱⲃ eietōb | ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲱⲃ eketōb | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ eretōb | ⲉϥⲉⲧⲱⲃ efetōb | ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲱⲃ esetōb | ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱⲃ enetōb | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱⲃ eretenetōb | ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲱⲃ euetōb | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ ere- tōb |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲃ ǹnatōb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ ǹnektōb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲱⲃ ǹnetōb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ ǹneftōb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ ǹnestōb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ ǹnentōb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ ǹnetentōb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ ǹnoutōb | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ ǹne- tōb |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲃ maritōb | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ mareftōb | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ marestōb | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ marentōb | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ maroutōb | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ mare- tōb |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲧⲱⲃ m̀penthritōb | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ m̀penthreftōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ m̀penthrestōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ m̀penthrentōb | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲧⲱⲃ m̀penthreutōb | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ m̀penthre- tōb |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲃ ǹtatōb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ ǹtektōb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲃ ǹtetōb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ ǹteftōb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ ǹtestōb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ ǹtentōb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ ǹtetentōb | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲃ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ ǹsetōb, ǹtoutōb | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ ǹte- tōb |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲃ taritōb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ tarektōb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ taretōb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ tareftōb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ tarestōb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ tarentōb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ taretentōb | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ taroutōb | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ tare- tōb |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲧⲱⲃ šatitōb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲱⲃ šatektōb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲃ šatetōb | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲱⲃ šateftōb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲱⲃ šatestōb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ šatentōb | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ šatetentōb | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲃ šatoutōb | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ šate- tōb |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ aišantōb | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ akšantōb | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ arešantōb | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ afšantōb | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ asšantōb | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ anšantōb | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ aretenšantōb | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ aušantōb | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲱⲃ arešan- tōb |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲃ aitōb | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲃ aktōb | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲃ aretōb | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲃ aftōb | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲃ astōb | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲃ antōb | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲃ aretentōb | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲃ autōb | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲃ are- tōb |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |