# 茄山河
## Chinese
### Etymology

Possibly borrowed from English gossip, according to a common folk etymology which certain linguists concur with.
Alternatively, a native word: 茄 ($^2$ga, “to prattle”) is found in various parts of suburban Shanghai, such as Zhenru and Xinzhuang. This meaning can be assumed to be have come from clipping from compounds such as 茄嘴皮.
The 山河 part then may be a term referring to an unspecified topic, cf. 談天說地／谈天说地 (tántiānshuōdì) or 聊天 (liáotiān).

### Pronunciation

* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$ga-se$_1$-wu$_6$ / $^2$ga-sae$_1$-vu$_2$
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$ga-se$_1$-wu$_6$
*** MiniDict: ga$^去$ se$^平$ wu$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$ga-se$_1$-hhu$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɡa²² se⁵⁵ ɦu²¹/
** (Northern: Songjiang)
*** Wugniu: $^2$ga-sae$_1$-vu$_2$
*** Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /ɡɑ¹³ sɛ⁵⁵ βu³¹/

### Verb

茄山河
* (Shanghainese) to chat

#### Synonyms

* (especially Suburban Shanghainese) 茄河
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 聊, 閒談, 聊天, 談天, 閒聊, 攀談, 扯 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 聊天兒, 拉呱, 拉呱兒, 嘮嗑兒, 扯句兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 聊天 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 聊天, 嘮嗑兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 聊天兒, 嘮嗑兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 閒拉, 閒扯, 嘮嗑兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 聊天兒, 嘮嗑兒, 嘮嗑, 閒扯, 瞎聊 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 談天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 搭咯 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 聊天兒, 談天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 聊天兒, 談天兒, 閒扯, 瞎聊, 說閒話兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 聊天兒, 說話兒 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 談天 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 拉呱兒, 拉拉, 拉, 聊天兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 拉呱兒 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 拉呱, 拉呱兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 談天兒, 聊天兒, 說閒話兒, 扯卵蛋, 拍話兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 閒諞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 說閒話兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 聊天兒, 談天兒, 閒扯, 瞎聊, 拉閒話, 諞閒傳, 諞 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 喧話, 喧板, 諞傳, 諞, 扯雜, 扯乾蛋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 聊天兒, 拉呱兒, 閒侃, 閒扯 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 扯磨, 諞閒傳, 𠷨, 閒諞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 聊天, 扯閒談, 喧官, 諞傳, 諞閒傳, 諞乾傳, 閒諞, 諞 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 閒扯, 喧荒, 閒諞, 諞傳子, 諞, 喧 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 擺龍門陣, 擺談, 擺, 衝殼子, 吹殼子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 吹牛兒, 擺龍門陣, 吹空老靠 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 談天, 閒扯, 談家常, 聒天, 閒聒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 擺龍門陣, 衝殼子, 吹殼子, 衝牛殼, 吹牛殼, 吹牛, 閒扯 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 聊天, 談天, 扯閒, 衝殼子, 譜賓白 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 扯談, 談板路, 扯板路, 聒聊天 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 聒聊天, 扯大炮, 傾偈, 聊天, 扯淡, 講嘴 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 聊天, 閒扯, 聒白, 聒聒, 聒聒白, 拉呱, 吹 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 聊天, 談天, 談心, 閒扯, 吹牛, 吹, 沰談話 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 聊天, 講閒話, 閒談, 扯呱 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 閒談, 聒淡, 聒聒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 傾偈, 打牙骹, 黐牙音 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 傾偈, 打牙骹, 吹水 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 打牙交 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 傾偈, 打牙骹 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 傾偈, 打牙骹 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 講時聞, 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 傾偈, 打牙骹 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 傾偈, 打牙骹 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 講嘴, 傾偈, 傾 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 傾 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 傾偈, 車大炮 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 傾偈, 傾低, 車大炮 |
| Cantonese | Beihai | 傾偈, 傾一傾 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) | 傾 |
| Cantonese | Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) | 傾偈 |
| Cantonese | Móng Cái | 傾偈 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 談坨, 談天 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 話閒事, 學事 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 打閒講 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 閒談, 講閒談, 講牙蛇 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 講閒談 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 傾偈 |
| Hakka | Huiyang | 打牙花 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 講閒話 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 打牙骹 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 打牙花 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 傾偈 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 閒尞 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 講閒談, 講仙天 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 講閒談 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 閒談 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Meilin) | 喥牙談, 講嘴哩 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 講閒談 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 閒談 |
| Hakka | Changting | 講閒談 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 講閒談 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 講閒談 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 聊天 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 吵天, 打吱喳 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 嘈閒天 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 談閒天 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 講閒天 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 打嘴鼓, 譫哆 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 打嘴鼓, 譫哆 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Wuluo, Ligang; S. Sixian) | 打嘴鼓 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Meinong; S. Sixian) | 打嘴鼓 |
| Hakka | Kaohsiung (Shanlin; S. Sixian) | 打嘴鼓, 閒談 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 打嘴鼓, 譫哆 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 打嘴鼓, 譫哆 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 打嘴鼓, 譫哆 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 答嘴鼓, 答詑 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 講水古 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 車大炮 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 傾偈, 車大炮 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 尞 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 談天, 聒談 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 談天, 談心 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 倒楔 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 閒扯, 圪扯, 閒叨拉, 閒拍達, 閒拉呱, 叨拉, 拍達, 拉呱, 胡叨拉 |
| Jin | Linhe | 拉話, 閒拍 |
| Jin | Jining | 瞎聊 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 搗拉, 拉呱 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 拉閒話 |
| Jin | Handan | 聊天兒, 談天 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 冇講, 講故事 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 攀講, 講症 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 攀講 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 攀講 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 冇談, 練仙, 答喙鼓, 拍喙鼓, 觸喙鼓, 拍拉涼, 敲嘓, 練牙, 練㾪牙, 練㾪話, 練戇話, 喝仙 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 喝仙 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 冇談, 練仙, 答喙鼓, 拍喙鼓, 敲嘓, 練㾪話, 喝仙 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 練仙, 答喙鼓, 拍喙鼓, 觸喙鼓, 敲嘓, 練牙, 練㾪話, 喝仙 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 拍嘓, 設潲 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 開講, 答喙鼓, 敲虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 破豆, 開講, 答喙鼓, 畫虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 破豆, 開講, 答喙鼓, 畫虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 開講, 畫虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 畫虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 開講, 破豆 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 開講, 畫虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 開講 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 答喙鼓, 開講 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 開講, 畫虎𡳞 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 傾偈 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 敲嘓, 傾偈 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 講古 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 傾偈 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 詖閒話 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 詖話, 䛩奅 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 詖話 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 拍法 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 敲嘓, 詖涼詖熱 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 講四方, 講善喻, 傾談 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 傾偈 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 傾偈 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 聊天 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 講張, 茄山河, 講閒話 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 講神 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 講張 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 扯, 扯老空 |
| Wu | Danyang | 談閒 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 談天 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 講大道, 講聊天, 談山海經 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 講閒談 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 談天 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 講白搭 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 扯閒談, 扯談, 扯經, 扯粟殼 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 扯談 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 談天, 談平, 打講, 打平講, 扯談 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 扯談, 打講 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 談白, 聊天 |