# 祝

| 祝 | U+795D, &#31069; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-795D |
| ← 祜 [U+795C] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 神 → [U+795E] |
| 祝 | U+FA51, &#64081; CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA51 |
| ← 祖 [U+FA50] | CJK Compatibility Ideographs | 禍 → [U+FA52] |

## Translingual
### Han character

祝 (Kangxi radical 113, 示+5, 9 strokes, cangjie input 戈火口竹山 (IFRHU), four-corner 3621$_0$, composition ⿰礻兄(GHTJV) or ⿰示兄(K or U+FA51))

#### Derived characters

* 𠺷, 𣘌, 𰳓, 𨃷, 𱾋, 𤹙, 𡎺

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 842, character 1
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24672
* Dae Jaweon: page 1260, character 10
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2393, character 1
* Unihan data for U+795D
* Unihan data for U+FA51

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 祝 :
| Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
| Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
| | Old Chinese |
| 祝 | *tjuɡs, *tjuɡ |
| 呪 | *tjus |
| 咒 | *tjus |
| 柷 | *tjuɡ, *tʰjuɡ |
Ideogram (指事) – a man kneeling with open mouth (兄) next to an altar (示).

### Etymology

Perhaps related to 觸 (OC *tʰjoɡ, “to butt, knock against”); see there for more (STEDT).

### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhù (zhu$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄨˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zuk$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): zuuk$^2$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chuk
    (Meixian, Guangdong): zug$^5$
* Northern Min (KCR): cṳ̆
* Eastern Min (BUC): cé̤ṳk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chiok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zog$^4$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^7$tsoq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zhou$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhù
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhù
*** Wade–Giles: chu$^4$
*** Yale: jù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: juh
*** Palladius: чжу (čžu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂu⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zuk$^1$
*** Yale: jūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzuk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʊk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: zuuk$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɵk̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: zug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: zug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡suk̚²/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: zug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʊk̚¹/
* Northern Min
** (Jian'ou)
*** Kienning Colloquial Romanized: cṳ̆
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sy²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: cé̤ṳk
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡søyʔ²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiok
*** Tâi-lô: tsiok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciog
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡siɔk̚³²/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zog$^4$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsok
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sok̚²/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^7$tsoq
*** MiniDict: tsoh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^4$tsoq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡soʔ⁵⁵/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: zhou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /ʈ͡ʂəu̯²⁴/
*** Sinological IPA (new-style): /t͡səu̯²⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tsyuwk
Rime :
| Character | 祝 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 屋 (4) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 之六切 |
| Baxter | tsyuwk |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨuk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiuk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiuk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuwk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiuk̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭuk̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯uk̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zuk$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]uk/, /*tuk/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjuɡ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 祝 | 祝 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhù | zhù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyuwk › | ‹ tsyuwk › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t]uk/ | /*tuk/ |
| English | pray, recite | cut off, break |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 祝 |
| Reading # | 2/2 |
| No. | 17653 |
| Phonetic component | 祝 |
| Rime group | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 粥 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjuɡ/ |

#### Definitions

祝
* to offer good wishes
    祝你身體健康！／祝你身体健康！ ― Zhù nǐ shēntǐ jiànkāng! ― I wish you good health!
* (literary, or in compounds) to pray; to say prayers
    祝告 ― zhùgào ― to pray
* (literary) words said in a prayer in a religious ceremony
* (literary) wizard; warlock; sorcerer
* (literary) temple attendant who burns joss sticks and candles
* (literary) to break off; to cut off; to sever
* a surname
    祝允明 ― Zhù Yǔnmíng ― Zhu Yunming

##### Synonyms

* (to offer good wishes):
* 敬祝 (jìngzhù) (honorific)
* 祈望 (qíwàng)
* 祈願／祈愿 (qíyuàn)
* 祝福 (zhùfú)
* 祝頌／祝颂 (zhùsòng)
* 祝願／祝愿 (zhùyuàn)
* (to pray): 祈福 (qífú)
* (to break off):
* 斷絕／断绝 (duànjué)
* 絕／绝 (jué) (literary, or in compounds)
* 結絕／结绝 (jiéjué) (literary)
* 隔斷／隔断
* 隔絕／隔绝 (géjué)
* 隔離／隔离 (gélí)

#### Compounds

* 卜祝
* 太祝
* 奈上祝下
* 對天祝告／对天祝告
* 尸祝
* 尸祝代庖
* 嵩祝
* 巫祝 (wūzhù)
* 廟祝／庙祝 (miàozhù)
* 慶祝／庆祝 (qìngzhù)
* 慶祝大會／庆祝大会
* 敬祝 (jìngzhù)
* 梁祝 (Liáng-Zhù)
* 祝付
* 祝允明
* 祝史
* 祝告 (zhùgào)
* 祝嘏
* 祝壽／祝寿 (zhùshòu)
* 祝壽延年／祝寿延年
* 祝巫
* 祝文 (zhùwén)
* 祝版
* 祝犁
* 祝由科
* 祝福 (zhùfú)
* 祝禱／祝祷 (zhùdǎo)
* 祝網／祝网
* 祝聖／祝圣 (zhùshèng)
* 祝英臺／祝英台
* 祝融 (Zhùróng)
* 祝詞／祝词 (zhùcí)
* 祝讚／祝赞
* 祝賀／祝贺 (zhùhè)
* 祝釐
* 祝願／祝愿 (zhùyuàn)
* 祝髮／祝发
* 禱祝／祷祝 (dǎozhù)
* 華封三祝／华封三祝
* 華祝三多／华祝三多
* 詛祝／诅祝
* 預祝／预祝 (yùzhù)
* 馨香禱祝／馨香祷祝

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: chúc (祝)

### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): zhòu (zhou$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄓㄡˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zau$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: zhòu
*** Zhuyin: ㄓㄡˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jhòu
*** Wade–Giles: chou$^4$
*** Yale: jòu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jow
*** Palladius: чжоу (čžou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂoʊ̯⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zau$^3$
*** Yale: jau
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzau$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: zeo$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɐu̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: tsyuwH
Rime :
| Character | 祝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 章 (23) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 職救切 |
| Baxter | tsyuwH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ɕɨu$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡ɕiu$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ɕiəu$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /cuw$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ɕiu$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ɕĭəu$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡ɕi̯ə̯u$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | zhòu |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zau$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[t]uk-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*tjuɡs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 祝 |
| Reading # | 1/3 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | zhòu |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tsyuw$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[t]uk-s/ |
| English | to curse |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 祝 |
| Reading # | 1/2 |
| No. | 17650 |
| Phonetic component | 祝 |
| Rime group | 奧 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 呪 |
| Old Chinese | /*tjuɡs/ |
| Notes | 見詩，說文作詶，後作呪 |

#### Definitions

祝
* Alternative form of 咒 (zhòu, “to curse”)

## Japanese

| Shinjitai | 祝 |
| Kyūjitai | 祝 &#xFA51; or 祝+&#xFE00; |
| Kyūjitai | 祝󠄀 祝+&#xE0100; (Adobe-Japan1) |
| Kyūjitai | 祝󠄃 祝+&#xE0103; (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho) |
| The displayed kanji may be different from the image due to your environment. See here for details. |||

### Kanji

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji, shinjitai kanji, kyūjitai form 祝)
* celebrate, congratulate
* blessing

#### Readings

From Middle Chinese 祝 (MC tsyuwk):
* Go-on: しゅく (shuku, Jōyō)
* Kan-on: しゅく (shuku, Jōyō)
From Middle Chinese 祝 (MC tsyuwH):
* Go-on: しゅ (shu)
* Kan-on: しゅう (shū, Jōyō $^†$)
From native Japanese roots:
* Kun: いわう (iwau, 祝う, Jōyō)、のりと (norito, 祝)、はふり (hafuri, 祝)、ほうり (hōri, 祝)、ほがう (hogau, 祝う)、ほぐ (hogu, 祝ぐ)
* Nanori: い (i)、いわい (iwai)、とき (toki)、のり (nori)、のりと (norito)、はじめ (hajime)、ほう (hō)、ほぎ (hogi)、ゆわい (yuwai)、よし (yoshi)

#### Compounds

* 祝福(しゅくふく) (shukufuku): a blessing
* 祝印(しゅういん) (shūin): a blessed seal or stamp
* 祝日(しゅくじつ) (shukujitsu)

### Prefix

祝(しゅく) • (shuku-)
* celebration of …

### References

* ↑ “祝”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎ (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
* ↑ Haga, Gōtarō (1914) 漢和大辞書 [The Great Kanji-Japanese Dictionary] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tōkyō: Kōbunsha, →DOI, page 1555 (paper), page 829 (digital)

## Korean
### Hanja

祝 (eumhun 빌 축 (bil chuk))
* hanja form of 축 (“wish; celebrating”)

#### Compounds

* 祝文 (축문)
* 祝賀 (축하)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

祝: Hán Nôm readings: chúc, chóc, chọc, chốc, chuốc, dốc, gióc
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.