# 紊乱
## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 紊乱 – see 紊亂 (“disorderly; chaotic; dysfunctional; confused”). (This term is the simplified form of 紊亂).
* Notes:Simplified Chinese is mainly used in Mainland China, Malaysia, and Singapore.Traditional Chinese is mainly used in Hong Kong, Macau, and Taiwan.

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 紊 | 乱 |
| びん Hyōgai | らん Grade: 6 |
| kan'yōon | on'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 紊亂 (kyūjitai)
慣用読み (kan'yōyomi, “a reading of a kanji that is commonly accepted, but originally based on a corrupted reading”) of ぶんらん below.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) びんらん [bìńráń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [bʲĩn̺ɾã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

紊(びん)乱(らん) • (binran)
* disorder; confusion (of rules and morals)

##### Derived terms

* 朝(ちょう)憲(けん)紊(びん)乱(らん) (chōken binran)

#### Verb

紊(びん)乱(らん)する • (binran suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 紊(びん)乱(らん)し (binran shi), past 紊(びん)乱(らん)した (binran shita))
* (intransitive) (of rules and morals) to be disordered
    Synonyms: 攪乱する (kakuran / kōran suru), 乱れる (midareru)
* (transitive) to disorder (rules and morals)
    Synonyms: 壊乱する (kairan suru), 攪乱する (kakuran / kōran suru), 乱す (midasu)
** 1907 April 24, “第二章　內亂ニ關スル罪 [Chapter II Crimes Related to Insurrection]”, in 刑法　第二編　罪 [Penal Code Part II CRIMES]‎:
    第(ダイ)七(シチ)十(ジフ)七(シチ)條(デウ)　政(セイ)府(フ)ヲ顚(テン)覆(プク)シ又(マタ)ハ邦(ハウ)土(ド)ヲ僭(セン)竊(セツ)シ其(ソノ)他(タ)朝(テウ)憲(ケン)ヲ紊(ビン)亂(ラン)スルコトヲ目(モク)的(テキ)トシテ暴(ボウ)動(ドウ)ヲ爲(ナ)シタル者(モノ)ハ內(ナイ)亂(ラン)ノ罪(ツミ)ト爲(ナ)シ左(ヒダリ)ノ區(ク)別(ベツ)ニ從(シタガツ)テ處(シヨ)斷(ダン)ス
       Dai-shichijūshichi-jō Seifu o tenpuku shi mata wa hōdo o sensetsu shi sono ta chōken o binran suru koto o mokuteki to shite bōdō o nashitaru mono wa nairan no tsumi to nashi hidari no kubetsu ni shitagatte shodan su
       Article 77: A person who participates in a riot for the purpose of overthrowing the government, usurping the territory of the State, or otherwise subverting the Imperial Constitution, thereby committing the crime of insurrection is sentenced according to the following distinctions: [translation based on the official translation]

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 紊乱し | びんらんし | binran shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 紊乱し | びんらんし | binran shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 紊乱する | びんらんする | binran suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 紊乱する | びんらんする | binran suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 紊乱すれ | びんらんすれ | binran sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 紊乱せよ¹ 紊乱しろ² | びんらんせよ¹ びんらんしろ² | binran seyo¹ binran shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 紊乱される | びんらんされる | binran sareru |
| Causative | 紊乱させる 紊乱さす | びんらんさせる びんらんさす | binran saseru binran sasu |
| Potential | 紊乱できる | びんらんできる | binran dekiru |
| Volitional | 紊乱しよう | びんらんしよう | binran shiyō |
| Negative | 紊乱しない | びんらんしない | binran shinai |
| Negative continuative | 紊乱せず | びんらんせず | binran sezu |
| Formal | 紊乱します | びんらんします | binran shimasu |
| Perfective | 紊乱した | びんらんした | binran shita |
| Conjunctive | 紊乱して | びんらんして | binran shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 紊乱すれば | びんらんすれば | binran sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 紊 | 乱 |
| ぶん Hyōgai | らん Grade: 6 |
| kan'on | on'yomi |
* Alternative spelling
* 紊亂 (kyūjitai)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぶんらん [bùńráń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [bɯ̟̃n̺ɾã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

紊(ぶん)乱(らん) • (bunran)
* (archaic) Same as びんらん above.

#### Verb

紊(ぶん)乱(らん)する • (bunran suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 紊(ぶん)乱(らん)し (bunran shi), past 紊(ぶん)乱(らん)した (bunran shita))
* (archaic) Same as びんらん above.

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 紊乱し | ぶんらんし | bunran shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 紊乱し | ぶんらんし | bunran shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 紊乱する | ぶんらんする | bunran suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 紊乱する | ぶんらんする | bunran suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 紊乱すれ | ぶんらんすれ | bunran sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 紊乱せよ¹ 紊乱しろ² | ぶんらんせよ¹ ぶんらんしろ² | bunran seyo¹ bunran shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 紊乱される | ぶんらんされる | bunran sareru |
| Causative | 紊乱させる 紊乱さす | ぶんらんさせる ぶんらんさす | bunran saseru bunran sasu |
| Potential | 紊乱できる | ぶんらんできる | bunran dekiru |
| Volitional | 紊乱しよう | ぶんらんしよう | bunran shiyō |
| Negative | 紊乱しない | ぶんらんしない | bunran shinai |
| Negative continuative | 紊乱せず | ぶんらんせず | bunran sezu |
| Formal | 紊乱します | ぶんらんします | bunran shimasu |
| Perfective | 紊乱した | ぶんらんした | bunran shita |
| Conjunctive | 紊乱して | ぶんらんして | bunran shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 紊乱すれば | ぶんらんすれば | bunran sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* 1 2 3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ “紊乱”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Shinmura, Izuru, editor (1998), 広辞苑 [Kōjien] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten, →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN