# ἄμπελος
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* ἀμπέλος (ampélos) — Doric

### Etymology

Difficult to explain as an inherited Indo-European word and usually considered to be a Pre-Greek/substrate word. Compare also Proto-Indo-European *h₂ébōl (“apple”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ám.pe.los/ → /ˈam.pe.los/ → /ˈam.be.los/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ám.pe.los/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈam.pe.los/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈam.pe.los/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈam.pe.los/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈam.be.los/

### Noun

ἄμπελος • (ámpelos) f (genitive ἀμπέλου); second declension
* vine
** 40 CE – 90 CE, Dioscorides, Materia medica 4.181
** 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 3.17.4
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 9.110
** 620 BCE – 500 BCE, Alcaeus of Mytilene, Collected Works 44
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 4.195
** 371 BCE – 287 BCE, Theophrastus, Enquiry into Plants 4.4.11
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 4.90
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Olympian Ode 7.2
** 522 BCE – 443 BCE, Pindar, Nemean Ode 9.52
* a vineyard
** 175 CE – 235 CE, Claudius Aelianus, On the Nature of Animals 11.32
* an engine for protecting besiegers, mantlet
** 100 CE – 200 CE, Apollodorus of Damascus, Siege Engines 141.7

#### Derived terms

* ἀμπέλινος (ampélinos)
* ἀμπέλιον (ampélion)
* ἀμπελόδεσμος (ampelódesmos)
* ἀμπελόκαρπον (ampelókarpon)
* ἀμπελόπρασον (ampelóprason)
* ἄμπελος ἀγρία (ámpelos agría)
* ἄμπελος λευκή (ámpelos leukḗ) (Bryonia cretica, bryony)
* ἄμπελος μέλαινα (ámpelos mélaina) (Tamus communis ⇒ Dioscorea communis, black bryony)
* ἄμπελος ποντία (ámpelos pontía) (Fucus volubilis?, now Osmundaria volubilis) wrack, or some species of Fucus)'
* ἀμπελών (ampelṓn)

#### Descendants

* Greek: άμπελος (ámpelos)
* → Latin: ampelos

### References

* ↑ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) “ἄμπελος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 91

### Further reading

* “ἄμπελος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἄμπελος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἄμπελος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἄμπελος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἄμπελος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* ἄμπελος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2024)
* “ἄμπελος”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G288 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* ἄμπελος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. vine idem, page 953.