# ⲧⲱϩⲙ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲑⲱϩⲉⲙ (thōhem) — Bohairic
* ⲧⲱϩⲉⲙ (tōhem) — Fayyumic
* ⲧⲱϩⲙⲉ (tōhme) — Akhmimic, Lycopolitan

### Etymology

From Egyptian thm (“to knock on door”)

### Verb

ⲧⲱϩⲙ • (tōhm) (nominal state ⲧⲉϩⲙ- or ⲧⲁϩⲙ-, pronominal state ⲧⲁϩⲙ⸗, stative ⲧⲁϩⲙ)
* (Sahidic, intransitive) to knock (on door); to summon, invite
* (Sahidic, transitive) to summon

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲱϩⲙ tōhm | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲱϩⲙ tōhm |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ tm̄tōhm | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄tōhm |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲱϩⲙ titōhm | ⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ ktōhm | ⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ tetōhm | ϥⲧⲱϩⲙ ftōhm | ⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ stōhm | ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ tn̄tōhm | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ tetn̄tōhm | ⲥⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ setōhm | ⲧⲱϩⲙ tōhm |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ eïtōhm | ⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ ektōhm | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ eretōhm | ⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ eftōhm | ⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ estōhm | ⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ entōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etetn̄tōhm | ⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ eutōhm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ ere- tōhm |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲱϩⲙ etitōhm | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etk̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ etetōhm, eteretōhm | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etf̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ ets̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etn̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etetn̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ etoutōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ etere- tōhm |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ neïtōhm | ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ nektōhm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ neretōhm | ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ neftōhm | ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ nestōhm | ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ nentōhm | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ netetn̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ neutōhm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ nere- tōhm |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ tinatōhm | ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ knatōhm | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ tenatōhm | ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ fnatōhm | ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ snatōhm | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ tn̄natōhm | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ tetnatōhm | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ senatōhm | ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ natōhm |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ eïnatōhm | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ eknatōhm | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ erenatōhm | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ efnatōhm | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ esnatōhm | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ ennatōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etetnatōhm | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ eunatōhm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ ere- natōhm |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etinatōhm | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etk̄natōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etenatōhm, eterenatōhm | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etf̄natōhm | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ ets̄natōhm | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etn̄natōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etetnatōhm | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etounatōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ etere- natōhm |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ neïnatōhm | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ neknatōhm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ nerenatōhm | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ nefnatōhm | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ nesnatōhm | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ nennatōhm | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ netetnatōhm | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ neunatōhm | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ nere- natōhm |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ aïtōhm | ⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ aktōhm | ⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲁⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ atōhm, artōhm, aretōhm | ⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ aftōhm | ⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ astōhm | ⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ antōhm | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ atetn̄tōhm | ⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ autōhm | ⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ a- tōhm |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pitōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pk̄tōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄petōhm, m̄pr̄tōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pf̄tōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄ps̄tōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pn̄tōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄petn̄tōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄poutōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pe- tōhm |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ eaïtōhm | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ eaktōhm | ⲉⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ eatōhm, eartōhm, earetōhm | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ eaftōhm | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ eastōhm | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ eantōhm | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ eatetn̄tōhm | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ eautōhm | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ ea- tōhm |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pitōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pk̄tōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄petōhm, em̄pr̄tōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pf̄tōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄ps̄tōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pn̄tōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄petn̄tōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄poutōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pe- tōhm |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ entaïtōhm, n̄taïtōhm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ entaktōhm, n̄taktōhm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ entatōhm, n̄tatōhm, entartōhm, n̄tartōhm, entaretōhm, n̄taretōhm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ entaftōhm, n̄taftōhm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ entastōhm, n̄tastōhm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ entantōhm, n̄tantōhm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ entatetn̄tōhm, n̄tatetn̄tōhm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ entautōhm, n̄tautōhm | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ enta- tōhm, n̄ta- tōhm |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pitōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pk̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄petōhm, etem̄pr̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pf̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄ps̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pn̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄petn̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄poutōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pe- tōhm |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ neaïtōhm | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ neaktōhm | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ neatōhm, neartōhm, nearetōhm | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ neaftōhm | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ neastōhm | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ neantōhm | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ neatetn̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ neautōhm | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ nea- tōhm |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pitōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pk̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄petōhm, nem̄pr̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pf̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄ps̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pn̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄petn̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄poutōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pe- tōhm |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄taïtōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄taktōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tatōhm, n̄tartōhm, n̄taretōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄taftōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tastōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tantōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tatetn̄tōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tautōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄ta- tōhm |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patitōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patk̄tōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patetōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patf̄tōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pats̄tōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patn̄tōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patetn̄tōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄patoutōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pate- tōhm |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patitōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patk̄tōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patetōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patf̄tōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pats̄tōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patn̄tōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patetn̄tōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄patoutōhm | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ em̄pate- tōhm |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patitōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patk̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patetōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patf̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pats̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patn̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patetn̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄patoutōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ etem̄pate- tōhm |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patitōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patk̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patetōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patf̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pats̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patn̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patetn̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄patoutōhm | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ nem̄pate- tōhm |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ šaïtōhm | ϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ šaktōhm | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ šaretōhm | ϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ šaftōhm | ϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ šastōhm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ šantōhm | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ šatetn̄tōhm | ϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ šautōhm | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ šare- tōhm |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ meïtōhm | ⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ mektōhm | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ meretōhm | ⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ meftōhm | ⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ mestōhm | ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ mentōhm | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ metetn̄tōhm | ⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ meutōhm | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ mere- tōhm |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ ešaïtōhm | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ ešaktōhm | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ ešaretōhm | ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ ešaftōhm | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ ešastōhm | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ ešantōhm | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ ešatetn̄tōhm | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ ešautōhm | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ ešare- tōhm |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ emeïtōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ emektōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ emeretōhm | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ emeftōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ emestōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ ementōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ emetetn̄tōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ emeutōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ emere- tōhm |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ etešaïtōhm, ešaïtōhm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ etešaktōhm, ešaktōhm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ etešaretōhm, ešaretōhm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ etešaftōhm, ešaftōhm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ etešastōhm, ešastōhm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ etešantōhm, ešantōhm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etešatetn̄tōhm, ešatetn̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ etešautōhm, ešautōhm | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ etešare- tōhm, ešare- tōhm |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ etemeïtōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ etemektōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ etemeretōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ etemeftōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ etemestōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ etementōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etemetetn̄tōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ etemeutōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ etemere- tōhm |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ nešaïtōhm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ nešaktōhm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ nešaretōhm | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱϩⲙ nešaftōhm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ nešastōhm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ nešantōhm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nešatetn̄tōhm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ nešautōhm | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ nešare- tōhm |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ nemeïtōhm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ nemektōhm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ nemeretōhm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ nemeftōhm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ nemestōhm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ nementōhm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ nemetetn̄tōhm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ nemeutōhm | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ nemere- tōhm |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ emeïtōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ emektōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ emeretōhm | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ emeftōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ emestōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ ementōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ emetetn̄tōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ emeutōhm | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ emere- tōhm |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ eïetōhm | ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ eketōhm | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ eretōhm | ⲉϥⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ efetōhm | ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ esetōhm | ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ enetōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ etetnetōhm | ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ euetōhm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ ere- tōhm |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄natōhm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄nektōhm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄netōhm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄neftōhm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄nestōhm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄nentōhm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄netn̄tōhm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄neutōhm | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄ne- tōhm |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ maritōhm | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ mareftōhm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ marestōhm | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ marn̄tōhm | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ maroutōhm | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ mare- tōhm |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄tratōhm | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄treftōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄trestōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄trentōhm | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄treutōhm | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ m̄pr̄tre- tōhm |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲧⲁⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tatōhm, tatōhm | ⲛ̄ⲅⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄gtōhm, n̄ktōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tetōhm | ⲛ̄ϥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄ftōhm | ⲛ̄ⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄stōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tn̄tōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tetn̄tōhm | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄setōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄te- tōhm |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ taritōhm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ tarektōhm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ taretōhm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ tareftōhm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ tarestōhm | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ tarn̄tōhm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ taretn̄tōhm | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ taroutōhm | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ tare- tōhm |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄teritōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄terektōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄teretōhm, n̄terertōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tereftōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄terestōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tern̄tōhm, n̄terentōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄teretn̄tōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄teroutōhm | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ n̄tere- tōhm |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲧⲱϩⲙ šantitōhm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ šantk̄tōhm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ šantetōhm | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ šantf̄tōhm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ šants̄tōhm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ šantn̄tōhm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ šantetn̄tōhm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ šantoutōhm | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ šante- tōhm |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ eïšantōhm | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ ekšantōhm | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ eršantōhm, erešantōhm | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ efšantōhm | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ esšantōhm | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ enšantōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ etetn̄šantōhm | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ eušantōhm | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ eršan- tōhm |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱϩⲙ eïtōhm | ⲉⲕⲧⲱϩⲙ ektōhm | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱϩⲙ eretōhm | ⲉϥⲧⲱϩⲙ eftōhm | ⲉⲥⲧⲱϩⲙ estōhm | ⲉⲛⲧⲱϩⲙ entōhm | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱϩⲙ etetn̄tōhm | ⲉⲩⲧⲱϩⲙ eutōhm | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱϩⲙ ere- tōhm |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

### Noun

ⲧⲱϩⲙ • (tōhm) m
* (Sahidic) calling, convocation

### References

* Marcion Coptic dictionary
* TLA lemma no. C4798 (ⲧⲱϩⲙ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
* TLA lemma no. C4799 (ⲧⲱϩⲙ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),