# 未嘗
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wèicháng
    (Zhuyin): ㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mei$^6$ soeng$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bī-sióng / bī-siáng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wèicháng
*** Zhuyin: ㄨㄟˋ ㄔㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wèicháng
*** Wade–Giles: wei$^4$-chʻang$^2$
*** Yale: wèi-cháng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: weycharng
*** Palladius: вэйчан (vɛjčan)
*** Sinological IPA : /weɪ̯⁵¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɑŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$未嘗／未尝 胃腸／胃肠
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mei$^6$ soeng$^4$
*** Yale: meih sèuhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mei$^6$ soeng$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: méi$^6$ sêng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /mei̯²² sœːŋ²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-sióng
*** Tâi-lô: bī-sióng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bixsiorng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bi²²⁻²¹ siɔŋ⁵³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bi⁴¹⁻²² siɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bī-siáng
*** Tâi-lô: bī-siáng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: bixsiarng
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bi²²⁻²¹ siaŋ⁵³/
* Middle Chinese: mj+jH dzyang
Rime :
| Character | 未 | 嘗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 微 (21) | 陽 (105) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 無沸切 | 市羊切 |
| Baxter | mj+jH | dzyang |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mʉi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑɨɐŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mʷɨi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiɐŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /miuəi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiɑŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muj$^H$/ | /d͡ʑɨaŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /miuəi$^H$/ | /ʑiaŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭwəi$^H$/ | /ʑĭaŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mwe̯i$^H$/ | /ʑi̯aŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wèi | cháng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mei$^6$ | soeng$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*m[ə]t-s Cə.daŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*mɯds djaŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 未 | 嘗 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wèi | cháng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mjɨj$^H$ › | ‹ dzyang › |
| Old Chinese | /*m[ə]t-s/ | /*Cə.daŋ/ |
| English | not yet | taste (v.) |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 未 | 嘗 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 12917 | 11153 |
| Phonetic component | 未 | 尚 |
| Rime group | 隊 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 未 | 常 |
| Old Chinese | /*mɯds/ | /*djaŋ/ |
| Notes | 從屮從木與芔字同根， 陳獨秀雲木上加屮象幼枝 | 同甞 |

### Adverb

未嘗
* (literary) not ever
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Jūnchén, wèicháng xiàng shì yě; lǐyuè xíngfǎ zhèngsú, wèicháng xiàng biàn yě. [Pinyin]
    Its rulers and ministers never killed one another, Its rites, music, punishments, laws, governmental proceedings, manners and customs never changed.
    From: 227 CE. 諸葛亮 (Zhūgě Liàng) (Zhuge Liang), 出師表
    Xiāndì zài shí, měi yǔ chén lùn cǐ shì, wèicháng bù tànxī tònghèn yú Huán, Líng yě. [Pinyin]
    When the late Emperor was still alive, every time he discussed these matters with his servant, there was never a time when he did not sigh and feel distress and regret concerning the practices of Emperor Huan and Emperor Ling.
* (literary) not necessarily

#### Synonyms

* (not ever): 不曾 (bùcéng), 未始 (wèishǐ), (Hokkien, Teochew) 毋捌 (m̄ bat)
* (not necessarily):
* 不一定 (bùyīdìng)
* 不必 (bùbì)
* 不見得／不见得 (bùjiàndé)
* 唔一定 (m$^4$ jat$^1$ ding$^6$) (Cantonese)
* 未始 (wèishǐ) (literary)
* 未必 (wèibì)
* 未必然 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 未見得／未见得 (uei$^4$ jienn$^4$ de$^6$) (Xiang)
* 無一定／无一定 (Hokkien)
* 無定著／无定著 (Min Nan)
* 無拄拄／无拄拄 (Hokkien)
* 無的確／无的确 (Min Nan)

### References

* “前出師表 [Former Memorial on the Case to Go to War]”, in Baidu Baike [Baidu Encyclopedia]‎ (in Chinese) (wiki), 2022 May 2, retrieved January 8, 2024