# loven
## Czech
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈlovɛn]

### Participle

loven
* masculine singular passive participle of lovit

## Danish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɔːˀvən/, [ˈlɔˀʋn̩], [ˈlɔwˀn̩], [ˈlɒwˀn̩]

### Noun

loven
* definite singular of lov

## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈloː.və(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Hyphenation: lo‧ven
* Rhymes: -oːvən
* Homophone: Loven

### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch loven, from Old Dutch lovon (“to praise, to sing psalms”), from Proto-West Germanic *lobōn, from Proto-Germanic *lubōną.

#### Verb

loven
* (transitive) to praise

##### Derived terms

* beloven
* geloven
* verloven

##### Related terms

* lof

##### Descendants

* Negerhollands: loov

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

loven
* plural of loof

## Finnish
### Noun

loven
* genitive singular of lovi

### Anagrams

* levon, velon

## Middle Dutch
### Etymology

From Old Dutch lovon (“to praise”).

### Verb

lōven
* to praise

#### Descendants

* Dutch: loven
* Afrikaans: loof, lowe

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Old English lufian, from Proto-West Germanic *lubōn; equivalent to love (“love”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

#### Alternative forms

* lofe, love, lovye, lovyen, lowen, lufe, lufen, luffe, luve
* loviȝe, lovin, lufian, lufiæn, lufiȝe, lufiȝen, luvan, luven, luvie, luvien, luviȝe, luviȝen, luvyen (Early Middle English)
* lufenn (Ormulum)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈluvən/, /ˈloːvən/

#### Verb

loven (third-person singular simple present loveth, present participle lovende, lovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle loved)
* To love; to have affection (for someone or something):
** c. 1395, John Wycliffe, John Purvey [et al.], transl., Bible (Wycliffite Bible (later version), MS Lich 10.)‎, published c. 1410, Joon 3:16, page 44v, column 1; republished as Wycliffe's translation of the New Testament, Lichfield: Bill Endres, 2010:ffoꝛ god lovyde ſo þe woꝛld .· þat he ȝaf his oon bigeten ſone / þat ech man þ[at] bileueþ in h[im] periſſhe not .· but haue euerlaſtynge lijfBecause God loved the world so much, he gave his own begotten son, so anyone that believes in him won't perish, but has everlasting life.
** To have a strong preference or liking (for something).
** To obey or follow a deity.
** To be faithful to a ruler or superior.
** To feel romantic or sexual love (towards someone).
* To derive enjoyment or pleasure (from something).
* To want or crave; to have a wish for.
* (euphemistic) To make love; to have sexual intercourse with.
* (rare) To function well; to flourish.

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) loven, love | (to) loven, love |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | love | loved |
| 2nd-person singular | lovest | lovedest |
| 3rd-person singular | loveth | loved |
| subjunctive singular | love | loved |
| imperative singular | love | — |
| plural$^1$ | loven, love | loveden, lovede |
| imperative plural | loveth, love | — |
| participles | lovynge, lovende | loved, yloved |
$^1$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

##### Descendants

* English: love
* Scots: luve

##### References

* “lǒven, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2

Inherited from Old English lofian, from Proto-West Germanic *lobōn, from Proto-Germanic *lubōną; equivalent to lof (“praise”) +‎ -en (infinitival suffix).

#### Alternative forms

* love, lovon, lowe
* lovien, luve, luvie, luvien (Early Middle English)
* lofenn (Ormulum)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈlɔːvən/, /ˈlɒːvən/, /ˈlɔvən/
* (influenced by Etymology 1) IPA: /ˈluvən/, /ˈloːvən/

#### Verb

loven (third-person singular simple present loveth, present participle lovende, lovynge, first-/third-person singular past indicative and past participle loved)
* To praise, glorify; to give praise to:
** To reverence or worship a deity.
** To assent to or approve of; to deem acceptable.
* To valuate; to make an appraisal or valuation.

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) loven, love | (to) loven, love |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | love | loved |
| 2nd-person singular | lovest | lovedest |
| 3rd-person singular | loveth | loved |
| subjunctive singular | love | loved |
| imperative singular | love | — |
| plural$^1$ | loven, love | loveden, lovede |
| imperative plural | loveth, love | — |
| participles | lovynge, lovende | loved, yloved |
$^1$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

##### Descendants

* English: lofe, loff, loave, love
* Middle Scots: love
** Scots: loave

##### References

* “lǒven, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

loven m sg
* definite masculine singular of lov

## Norwegian Nynorsk
### Alternative forms

* lova f sg

### Noun

loven m sg
* definite masculine singular of lov

## Swedish
### Noun

loven
* definite singular of lov (“round”)
* definite plural of lov (“holiday”)
* definite singular of love (“wrist”)