# empenar
## Galician
### Etymology

Attested since 1257. From en- +‎ pena (“feather; vane”) +‎ -ar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [empeˈnaɾ]

### Verb

empenar (first-person singular present empeno, first-person singular preterite empenei, past participle empenado)
* to warp
    Synonyms: abarcular, cambar, lorear, pandar
    Antonym: desempenar
* (archaic) to feather
* (transitive, intransitive) to call (to council)

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “empenar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “enpen”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “empenar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “empenar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “empenar” in Dicionário Estraviz de galego (2014).
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “empenar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.peˈna(ʁ)/ [ẽ.peˈna(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.peˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.peˈna(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.peˈna(ʁ)/ [ẽ.peˈna(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.peˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.peˈna(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.peˈna(ɾ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.peˈna(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.peˈna(ʁ)/ [ẽ.peˈna(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.peˈna(ʁ)/ [ĩ.peˈna(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.peˈna(ɻ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.peˈna(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ẽ.pɨˈnaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ẽ.pɨˈnaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ẽ.pɨˈna.ɾi/

### Etymology 1

Possibly a variant of empinar, or from empena +‎ -ar, if empena is not itself derived from empenar.

#### Verb

empenar (first-person singular present empeno, first-person singular preterite empenei, past participle empenado)
* (transitive) to warp (wood)
* (intransitive) to warp (of wood)
* (intransitive) to deviate from a plumb line, to deflect
* (figurative, intransitive) to twist, to become twisted

##### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### References

* “empenar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
* “empenar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
* “empenar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024

### Etymology 2

From em- +‎ pena +‎ -ar.

#### Verb

empenar (first-person singular present empeno, first-person singular preterite empenei, past participle empenado)
* (transitive) to cover or adorn with feathers
* (intransitive or reflexive) to produce feathers (of a bird)
* (reflexive) to become covered or adorned with feathers

##### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.
$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

#### References

* “empenar”, in Dicionário Priberam da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Lisbon: Priberam, 2008–2024
* “empenar”, in Dicionário infopédia da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), Porto: Porto Editora, 2003–2024
* “empenar”, in Michaelis Dicionário Brasileiro da Língua Portuguesa (in Portuguese), São Paulo: Editora Melhoramentos, 2015–2024