# qhephula
## Zulu
### Verb

-qhephula$^?$
* (transitive) to break, to break apart, to crack, to crush
* (transitive) to break off, to chip off, to tear off

#### Inflection

Tone unknown :
| Infinitive | ukuqhephula |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuqhephula | ukungaqhephuli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | qhephula | -qhephule |
| Plural | qhephulani | -qhephuleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaqhephula, ngiqhephula | engiqhephulayo, engiqhephula | ngiqhephula | angiqhephuli | engingaqhephuli | ngingaqhephuli |
| 2nd singular | uyaqhephula, uqhephula | oqhephulayo, oqhephula | uqhephula | awuqhephuli | ongaqhephuli | ungaqhephuli |
| 1st plural | siyaqhephula, siqhephula | esiqhephulayo, esiqhephula | siqhephula | asiqhephuli | esingaqhephuli | singaqhephuli |
| 2nd plural | niyaqhephula, niqhephula | eniqhephulayo, eniqhephula | niqhephula | aniqhephuli | eningaqhephuli | ningaqhephuli |
| Class 1 | uyaqhephula, uqhephula | oqhephulayo, oqhephula | eqhephula | akaqhephuli | ongaqhephuli | engaqhephuli |
| Class 2 | bayaqhephula, baqhephula | abaqhephulayo, abaqhephula | beqhephula | abaqhephuli | abangaqhephuli | bengaqhephuli |
| Class 3 | uyaqhephula, uqhephula | oqhephulayo, oqhephula | uqhephula | awuqhephuli | ongaqhephuli | ungaqhephuli |
| Class 4 | iyaqhephula, iqhephula | eqhephulayo, eqhephula | iqhephula | ayiqhephuli | engaqhephuli | ingaqhephuli |
| Class 5 | liyaqhephula, liqhephula | eliqhephulayo, eliqhephula | liqhephula | aliqhephuli | elingaqhephuli | lingaqhephuli |
| Class 6 | ayaqhephula, aqhephula | aqhephulayo, aqhephula | eqhephula | awaqhephuli | angaqhephuli | engaqhephuli |
| Class 7 | siyaqhephula, siqhephula | esiqhephulayo, esiqhephula | siqhephula | asiqhephuli | esingaqhephuli | singaqhephuli |
| Class 8 | ziyaqhephula, ziqhephula | eziqhephulayo, eziqhephula | ziqhephula | aziqhephuli | ezingaqhephuli | zingaqhephuli |
| Class 9 | iyaqhephula, iqhephula | eqhephulayo, eqhephula | iqhephula | ayiqhephuli | engaqhephuli | ingaqhephuli |
| Class 10 | ziyaqhephula, ziqhephula | eziqhephulayo, eziqhephula | ziqhephula | aziqhephuli | ezingaqhephuli | zingaqhephuli |
| Class 11 | luyaqhephula, luqhephula | oluqhephulayo, oluqhephula | luqhephula | aluqhephuli | olungaqhephuli | lungaqhephuli |
| Class 14 | buyaqhephula, buqhephula | obuqhephulayo, obuqhephula | buqhephula | abuqhephuli | obungaqhephuli | bungaqhephuli |
| Class 15 | kuyaqhephula, kuqhephula | okuqhephulayo, okuqhephula | kuqhephula | akuqhephuli | okungaqhephuli | kungaqhephuli |
| Class 17 | kuyaqhephula, kuqhephula | okuqhephulayo, okuqhephula | kuqhephula | akuqhephuli | okungaqhephuli | kungaqhephuli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiqhephulile, ngiqhephulē | engiqhephulile, engiqhephulē | ngiqhephulile, ngiqhephulē | angiqhephulanga | engingaqhephulanga | ngingaqhephulanga |
| 2nd singular | uqhephulile, uqhephulē | oqhephulile, oqhephulē | uqhephulile, uqhephulē | awuqhephulanga | ongaqhephulanga | ungaqhephulanga |
| 1st plural | siqhephulile, siqhephulē | esiqhephulile, esiqhephulē | siqhephulile, siqhephulē | asiqhephulanga | esingaqhephulanga | singaqhephulanga |
| 2nd plural | niqhephulile, niqhephulē | eniqhephulile, eniqhephulē | niqhephulile, niqhephulē | aniqhephulanga | eningaqhephulanga | ningaqhephulanga |
| Class 1 | uqhephulile, uqhephulē | oqhephulile, oqhephulē | eqhephulile, eqhephulē | akaqhephulanga | ongaqhephulanga | engaqhephulanga |
| Class 2 | baqhephulile, baqhephulē | abaqhephulile, abaqhephulē | beqhephulile, beqhephulē | abaqhephulanga | abangaqhephulanga | bengaqhephulanga |
| Class 3 | uqhephulile, uqhephulē | oqhephulile, oqhephulē | uqhephulile, uqhephulē | awuqhephulanga | ongaqhephulanga | ungaqhephulanga |
| Class 4 | iqhephulile, iqhephulē | eqhephulile, eqhephulē | iqhephulile, iqhephulē | ayiqhephulanga | engaqhephulanga | ingaqhephulanga |
| Class 5 | liqhephulile, liqhephulē | eliqhephulile, eliqhephulē | liqhephulile, liqhephulē | aliqhephulanga | elingaqhephulanga | lingaqhephulanga |
| Class 6 | aqhephulile, aqhephulē | aqhephulile, aqhephulē | eqhephulile, eqhephulē | awaqhephulanga | angaqhephulanga | engaqhephulanga |
| Class 7 | siqhephulile, siqhephulē | esiqhephulile, esiqhephulē | siqhephulile, siqhephulē | asiqhephulanga | esingaqhephulanga | singaqhephulanga |
| Class 8 | ziqhephulile, ziqhephulē | eziqhephulile, eziqhephulē | ziqhephulile, ziqhephulē | aziqhephulanga | ezingaqhephulanga | zingaqhephulanga |
| Class 9 | iqhephulile, iqhephulē | eqhephulile, eqhephulē | iqhephulile, iqhephulē | ayiqhephulanga | engaqhephulanga | ingaqhephulanga |
| Class 10 | ziqhephulile, ziqhephulē | eziqhephulile, eziqhephulē | ziqhephulile, ziqhephulē | aziqhephulanga | ezingaqhephulanga | zingaqhephulanga |
| Class 11 | luqhephulile, luqhephulē | oluqhephulile, oluqhephulē | luqhephulile, luqhephulē | aluqhephulanga | olungaqhephulanga | lungaqhephulanga |
| Class 14 | buqhephulile, buqhephulē | obuqhephulile, obuqhephulē | buqhephulile, buqhephulē | abuqhephulanga | obungaqhephulanga | bungaqhephulanga |
| Class 15 | kuqhephulile, kuqhephulē | okuqhephulile, okuqhephulē | kuqhephulile, kuqhephulē | akuqhephulanga | okungaqhephulanga | kungaqhephulanga |
| Class 17 | kuqhephulile, kuqhephulē | okuqhephulile, okuqhephulē | kuqhephulile, kuqhephulē | akuqhephulanga | okungaqhephulanga | kungaqhephulanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāqhephula | engāqhephula | ngāqhephula | angiqhephulanga | engingaqhephulanga | ngingaqhephulanga |
| 2nd singular | wāqhephula | owāqhephula | wāqhephula | awuqhephulanga | ongaqhephulanga | ungaqhephulanga |
| 1st plural | sāqhephula | esāqhephula | sāqhephula | asiqhephulanga | esingaqhephulanga | singaqhephulanga |
| 2nd plural | nāqhephula | enāqhephula | nāqhephula | aniqhephulanga | eningaqhephulanga | ningaqhephulanga |
| Class 1 | wāqhephula | owāqhephula | āqhephula | akaqhephulanga | ongaqhephulanga | engaqhephulanga |
| Class 2 | bāqhephula | abāqhephula | bāqhephula | abaqhephulanga | abangaqhephulanga | bengaqhephulanga |
| Class 3 | wāqhephula | owāqhephula | wāqhephula | awuqhephulanga | ongaqhephulanga | ungaqhephulanga |
| Class 4 | yāqhephula | eyāqhephula | yāqhephula | ayiqhephulanga | engaqhephulanga | ingaqhephulanga |
| Class 5 | lāqhephula | elāqhephula | lāqhephula | aliqhephulanga | elingaqhephulanga | lingaqhephulanga |
| Class 6 | āqhephula | āqhephula | āqhephula | awaqhephulanga | angaqhephulanga | engaqhephulanga |
| Class 7 | sāqhephula | esāqhephula | sāqhephula | asiqhephulanga | esingaqhephulanga | singaqhephulanga |
| Class 8 | zāqhephula | ezāqhephula | zāqhephula | aziqhephulanga | ezingaqhephulanga | zingaqhephulanga |
| Class 9 | yāqhephula | eyāqhephula | yāqhephula | ayiqhephulanga | engaqhephulanga | ingaqhephulanga |
| Class 10 | zāqhephula | ezāqhephula | zāqhephula | aziqhephulanga | ezingaqhephulanga | zingaqhephulanga |
| Class 11 | lwāqhephula | olwāqhephula | lwāqhephula | aluqhephulanga | olungaqhephulanga | lungaqhephulanga |
| Class 14 | bāqhephula | obāqhephula | bāqhephula | abuqhephulanga | obungaqhephulanga | bungaqhephulanga |
| Class 15 | kwāqhephula | okwāqhephula | kwāqhephula | akuqhephulanga | okungaqhephulanga | kungaqhephulanga |
| Class 17 | kwāqhephula | okwāqhephula | kwāqhephula | akuqhephulanga | okungaqhephulanga | kungaqhephulanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaqhephula | — | ngingaqhephula | ngingeqhephule | — | ngingeqhephule |
| 2nd singular | ungaqhephula | — | ungaqhephula | ungeqhephule | — | ungeqhephule |
| 1st plural | singaqhephula | — | singaqhephula | singeqhephule | — | singeqhephule |
| 2nd plural | ningaqhephula | — | ningaqhephula | ningeqhephule | — | ningeqhephule |
| Class 1 | angaqhephula | — | engaqhephula | angeqhephule | — | engeqhephule |
| Class 2 | bangaqhephula | — | bengaqhephula | bangeqhephule | — | bengeqhephule |
| Class 3 | ungaqhephula | — | ungaqhephula | ungeqhephule | — | ungeqhephule |
| Class 4 | ingaqhephula | — | ingaqhephula | ingeqhephule | — | ingeqhephule |
| Class 5 | lingaqhephula | — | lingaqhephula | lingeqhephule | — | lingeqhephule |
| Class 6 | angaqhephula | — | engaqhephula | angeqhephule | — | engeqhephule |
| Class 7 | singaqhephula | — | singaqhephula | singeqhephule | — | singeqhephule |
| Class 8 | zingaqhephula | — | zingaqhephula | zingeqhephule | — | zingeqhephule |
| Class 9 | ingaqhephula | — | ingaqhephula | ingeqhephule | — | ingeqhephule |
| Class 10 | zingaqhephula | — | zingaqhephula | zingeqhephule | — | zingeqhephule |
| Class 11 | lungaqhephula | — | lungaqhephula | lungeqhephule | — | lungeqhephule |
| Class 14 | bungaqhephula | — | bungaqhephula | bungeqhephule | — | bungeqhephule |
| Class 15 | kungaqhephula | — | kungaqhephula | kungeqhephule | — | kungeqhephule |
| Class 17 | kungaqhephula | — | kungaqhephula | kungeqhephule | — | kungeqhephule |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoqhephula | engizoqhephula | ngizoqhephula | angizuqhephula | engingezuqhephula | ngingezuqhephula |
| 2nd singular | uzoqhephula | ozoqhephula | uzoqhephula | awuzuqhephula | ongezuqhephula | ungezuqhephula |
| 1st plural | sizoqhephula | esizoqhephula | sizoqhephula | asizuqhephula | esingezuqhephula | singezuqhephula |
| 2nd plural | nizoqhephula | enizoqhephula | nizoqhephula | anizuqhephula | eningezuqhephula | ningezuqhephula |
| Class 1 | uzoqhephula | ozoqhephula | ezoqhephula | akazuqhephula | ongezuqhephula | engezuqhephula |
| Class 2 | bazoqhephula | abazoqhephula | bezoqhephula | abazuqhephula | abangezuqhephula | bengezuqhephula |
| Class 3 | uzoqhephula | ozoqhephula | uzoqhephula | awuzuqhephula | ongezuqhephula | ungezuqhephula |
| Class 4 | izoqhephula | ezoqhephula | izoqhephula | ayizuqhephula | engezuqhephula | ingezuqhephula |
| Class 5 | lizoqhephula | elizoqhephula | lizoqhephula | alizuqhephula | elingezuqhephula | lingezuqhephula |
| Class 6 | azoqhephula | azoqhephula | ezoqhephula | awazuqhephula | angezuqhephula | engezuqhephula |
| Class 7 | sizoqhephula | esizoqhephula | sizoqhephula | asizuqhephula | esingezuqhephula | singezuqhephula |
| Class 8 | zizoqhephula | ezizoqhephula | zizoqhephula | azizuqhephula | ezingezuqhephula | zingezuqhephula |
| Class 9 | izoqhephula | ezoqhephula | izoqhephula | ayizuqhephula | engezuqhephula | ingezuqhephula |
| Class 10 | zizoqhephula | ezizoqhephula | zizoqhephula | azizuqhephula | ezingezuqhephula | zingezuqhephula |
| Class 11 | luzoqhephula | oluzoqhephula | luzoqhephula | aluzuqhephula | olungezuqhephula | lungezuqhephula |
| Class 14 | buzoqhephula | obuzoqhephula | buzoqhephula | abuzuqhephula | obungezuqhephula | bungezuqhephula |
| Class 15 | kuzoqhephula | okuzoqhephula | kuzoqhephula | akuzuqhephula | okungezuqhephula | kungezuqhephula |
| Class 17 | kuzoqhephula | okuzoqhephula | kuzoqhephula | akuzuqhephula | okungezuqhephula | kungezuqhephula |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoqhephula | engiyoqhephula | ngiyoqhephula | angiyuqhephula | engingeyuqhephula | ngingeyuqhephula |
| 2nd singular | uyoqhephula | oyoqhephula | uyoqhephula | awuyuqhephula | ongeyuqhephula | ungeyuqhephula |
| 1st plural | siyoqhephula | esiyoqhephula | siyoqhephula | asiyuqhephula | esingeyuqhephula | singeyuqhephula |
| 2nd plural | niyoqhephula | eniyoqhephula | niyoqhephula | aniyuqhephula | eningeyuqhephula | ningeyuqhephula |
| Class 1 | uyoqhephula | oyoqhephula | eyoqhephula | akayuqhephula | ongeyuqhephula | engeyuqhephula |
| Class 2 | bayoqhephula | abayoqhephula | beyoqhephula | abayuqhephula | abangeyuqhephula | bengeyuqhephula |
| Class 3 | uyoqhephula | oyoqhephula | uyoqhephula | awuyuqhephula | ongeyuqhephula | ungeyuqhephula |
| Class 4 | iyoqhephula | eyoqhephula | iyoqhephula | ayiyuqhephula | engeyuqhephula | ingeyuqhephula |
| Class 5 | liyoqhephula | eliyoqhephula | liyoqhephula | aliyuqhephula | elingeyuqhephula | lingeyuqhephula |
| Class 6 | ayoqhephula | ayoqhephula | eyoqhephula | awayuqhephula | angeyuqhephula | engeyuqhephula |
| Class 7 | siyoqhephula | esiyoqhephula | siyoqhephula | asiyuqhephula | esingeyuqhephula | singeyuqhephula |
| Class 8 | ziyoqhephula | eziyoqhephula | ziyoqhephula | aziyuqhephula | ezingeyuqhephula | zingeyuqhephula |
| Class 9 | iyoqhephula | eyoqhephula | iyoqhephula | ayiyuqhephula | engeyuqhephula | ingeyuqhephula |
| Class 10 | ziyoqhephula | eziyoqhephula | ziyoqhephula | aziyuqhephula | ezingeyuqhephula | zingeyuqhephula |
| Class 11 | luyoqhephula | oluyoqhephula | luyoqhephula | aluyuqhephula | olungeyuqhephula | lungeyuqhephula |
| Class 14 | buyoqhephula | obuyoqhephula | buyoqhephula | abuyuqhephula | obungeyuqhephula | bungeyuqhephula |
| Class 15 | kuyoqhephula | okuyoqhephula | kuyoqhephula | akuyuqhephula | okungeyuqhephula | kungeyuqhephula |
| Class 17 | kuyoqhephula | okuyoqhephula | kuyoqhephula | akuyuqhephula | okungeyuqhephula | kungeyuqhephula |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiqhephule | ngingaqhephuli |
| 2nd singular | uqhephule | ungaqhephuli |
| 1st plural | siqhephule | singaqhephuli |
| 2nd plural | niqhephule | ningaqhephuli |
| Class 1 | aqhephule | angaqhephuli |
| Class 2 | baqhephule | bangaqhephuli |
| Class 3 | uqhephule | ungaqhephuli |
| Class 4 | iqhephule | ingaqhephuli |
| Class 5 | liqhephule | lingaqhephuli |
| Class 6 | aqhephule | angaqhephuli |
| Class 7 | siqhephule | singaqhephuli |
| Class 8 | ziqhephule | zingaqhephuli |
| Class 9 | iqhephule | ingaqhephuli |
| Class 10 | ziqhephule | zingaqhephuli |
| Class 11 | luqhephule | lungaqhephuli |
| Class 14 | buqhephule | bungaqhephuli |
| Class 15 | kuqhephule | kungaqhephuli |
| Class 17 | kuqhephule | kungaqhephuli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaqhephula | ngangaqhephula, angaqhephula, angangaqhephula |
| 2nd singular | waqhephula | wangaqhephula, awaqhephula, awangaqhephula |
| 1st plural | saqhephula | sangaqhephula, asaqhephula, asangaqhephula |
| 2nd plural | naqhephula | nangaqhephula, anaqhephula, anangaqhephula |
| Class 1 | waqhephula | wangaqhephula, akaqhephula, akangaqhephula |
| Class 2 | baqhephula | bangaqhephula, abaqhephula, abangaqhephula |
| Class 3 | waqhephula | wangaqhephula, awaqhephula, awangaqhephula |
| Class 4 | yaqhephula | yangaqhephula, ayaqhephula, ayangaqhephula |
| Class 5 | laqhephula | langaqhephula, alaqhephula, alangaqhephula |
| Class 6 | aqhephula | angaqhephula, awaqhephula, awangaqhephula |
| Class 7 | saqhephula | sangaqhephula, asaqhephula, asangaqhephula |
| Class 8 | zaqhephula | zangaqhephula, azaqhephula, azangaqhephula |
| Class 9 | yaqhephula | yangaqhephula, ayaqhephula, ayangaqhephula |
| Class 10 | zaqhephula | zangaqhephula, azaqhephula, azangaqhephula |
| Class 11 | lwaqhephula | lwangaqhephula, alwaqhephula, alwangaqhephula |
| Class 14 | baqhephula | bangaqhephula, abaqhephula, abangaqhephula |
| Class 15 | kwaqhephula | kwangaqhephula, akwaqhephula, akwangaqhephula |
| Class 17 | kwaqhephula | kwangaqhephula, akwaqhephula, akwangaqhephula |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “qhephula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “qhephula (3.2.9)”