# حزن
## Arabic

* Root
* ح ز ن (ḥ z n)
* 4 terms

### Verb

حَزَنَ • (ḥazana) I (non-past يَحْزُنُ (yaḥzunu), verbal noun حُزْن (ḥuzn))
* to make sad, to sadden
* to cause to mourn or lament
* (transitive) to grieve

#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “حزن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate

### Verb

حَزِنَ • (ḥazina) I (non-past يَحْزَنُ (yaḥzanu), verbal noun حَزَن (ḥazan) or حُزْن (ḥuzn))
* to grieve, to mourn, to lament [with عَلَى (ʕalā) or لِـ (li-) ‘someone’]
* to be or become sorrowful, sad, or unhappy
** 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 9:40:لَا تَحْزَنْ إِنَّ اللهَ مَعَنَاlā taḥzan ʔinna llāha maʕanāDo not grieve; indeed God is with us.

#### Antonyms

* فَرِحَ (fariḥa)

#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “حزن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate

### Verb

حَزُنَ • (ḥazuna) I (non-past يَحْزُنُ (yaḥzunu), verbal noun حُزُونة (ḥuzūna))
* to be or become rough
* to be or become rugged and hard

#### References

* Lane, Edward William (1863) “حزن”, in Arabic-English Lexicon‎, London: Williams & Norgate

### Noun

حُزْن • (ḥuzn) m (plural أَحْزَان (ʔaḥzān))
* verbal noun of حَزَنَ (ḥazana) (form I)
* sadness, grief, sorrow
    Antonym: فَرَحٌ (faraḥun)
** رَأَيْتُ الدَّهْرَ مُخْتَلِفًا يَدُورُ -- فَلَا حُزْنٌ يَدُومُ وَلَا سُرُورُraʔaytu d-dahra muḵtalifan yadūru -- falā ḥuznun yadūmu walā surūru(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Declension
### Noun

حَزْن • (ḥazn) m (plural حُزُون (ḥuzūn))
* rugged and hard ground
** Hadith
    اللَّهُمَّ لَا سَهْلَ إِلَّا مَا جَعَلْتَهُ سَهْلًا وَأَنْتَ تَجْعَلُ ٱلْحَزْنَ إِنْ شِئْتَ سَهْلًاal-lahumma lā sahla ʔillā mā jaʕaltahu sahlan waʔanta tajʕalu l-ḥazna ʔin šiʔta sahlan(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Declension
### Noun

حَزَن • (ḥazan) m (plural أَحْزَان (ʔaḥzān))
* verbal noun of حَزِنَ (ḥazina) (form I)
* sadness, grief

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حزن”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

### Adjective

حَزِن • (ḥazin) (common plural حِزَان (ḥizān))
* sad, sorrowful, grieved

#### References

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884) “حزن”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary‎, London: W.H. Allen

## Persian
### Etymology

Borrowed from Arabic حُزْن.

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Persian) IPA: [huzn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hʊzn]
* (Dari, formal) IPA: [hʊzn]
** (Kabuli) IPA: [ʔʊzn]
** (Hazaragi) IPA: [ʔuzn]
* (Iran, formal) IPA: [hozn]
* (Tajik, formal) IPA: [huzn]

### Noun

حزن • (hozn)
* grief, sadness
    Synonyms: غم (ğam), غصه (ğosse), اندوه (anduh)

### Further reading

* Steingass, Francis Joseph (1892) “حزن”, in A Comprehensive Persian–English dictionary, London: Routledge & K. Paul
* Hayyim, Sulayman (1934) “حزن”, in New Persian–English dictionary, Teheran: Librairie-imprimerie Béroukhim
* Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–) “حزن”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press

## South Levantine Arabic

* Root
* ح ز ن
* 3 terms

### Etymology 1

From Arabic حَزِنَ (ḥazina).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħi.zin/, [ˈħi.zɪn]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

حزن • (ḥizin) I (present بحزن (biḥzan))
* to get sad

##### Conjugation

Conjugation of حزن (ḥizin) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | حزنت (ḥzint) | حزنت (ḥzint) | حزن (ḥizin) | حزننا (ḥzinna) | حزنتو (ḥzintu) | حزنو (ḥiznu) |
| past | f | حزنت (ḥzint) | حزنتي (ḥzinti) | حزنت (ḥiznat) | حزننا (ḥzinna) | حزنتو (ḥzintu) | حزنو (ḥiznu) |
| present | m | بحزن (baḥzan) | بتحزن (btiḥzan) | بحزن (biḥzan) | منحزن (mniḥzan) | بتحزنو (btiḥzanu) | بحزنو (biḥzanu) |
| present | f | بحزن (baḥzan) | بتحزني (btiḥzani) | بتحزن (btiḥzan) | منحزن (mniḥzan) | بتحزنو (btiḥzanu) | بحزنو (biḥzanu) |
| subjunctive | m | أحزن (ʔaḥzan) | تحزن (tiḥzan) | يحزن (yiḥzan) | نحزن (niḥzan) | تحزنو (tiḥzanu) | يحزنو (yiḥzanu) |
| subjunctive | f | أحزن (ʔaḥzan) | تحزني (tiḥzani) | تحزن (tiḥzan) | نحزن (niḥzan) | تحزنو (tiḥzanu) | يحزنو (yiḥzanu) |
| imperative | m | | احزن (iḥzan) | | | احزنو (iḥzanu) | |
| imperative | f | | احزني (iḥzani) | | | احزنو (iḥzanu) | |

##### See also

* حزين (ḥazīn, “sad”)
* حزنان (ḥaznān, “sad; grieving”)

### Etymology 2

From Arabic حَزَّنَ (ḥazzana).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħaz.zan/, [ˈħaz.zan]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

حزّن • (ḥazzan) II (present بحزّن (biḥazzen))
* (transitive) to sadden, to make someone feel pity

##### Conjugation

Conjugation of حزّن (ḥazzan) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | حزّنت (ḥazzant) | حزّنت (ḥazzant) | حزّن (ḥazzan) | حزّننا (ḥazzanna) | حزّنتو (ḥazzantu) | حزّنو (ḥazzanu) |
| past | f | حزّنت (ḥazzant) | حزّنتي (ḥazzanti) | حزّنت (ḥazzanat) | حزّننا (ḥazzanna) | حزّنتو (ḥazzantu) | حزّنو (ḥazzanu) |
| present | m | بحزّن (baḥazzen) | بتحزّن (bitḥazzen) | بحزّن (biḥazzen) | منحزّن (minḥazzen) | بتحزّنو (bitḥazznu) | بحزّنو (biḥazznu) |
| present | f | بحزّن (baḥazzen) | بتحزّني (bitḥazzni) | بتحزّن (bitḥazzen) | منحزّن (minḥazzen) | بتحزّنو (bitḥazznu) | بحزّنو (biḥazznu) |
| subjunctive | m | احزّن (aḥazzen) | تحزّن (tḥazzen) | يحزّن (yḥazzen) | نحزّن (nḥazzen) | تحزّنو (tḥazznu) | يحزّنو (yḥazznu) |
| subjunctive | f | احزّن (aḥazzen) | تحزّني (tḥazzni) | تحزّن (tḥazzen) | نحزّن (nḥazzen) | تحزّنو (tḥazznu) | يحزّنو (yḥazznu) |
| imperative | m | | حزّن (ḥazzen) | | | حزّنو (ḥazznu) | |
| imperative | f | | حزّني (ḥazzni) | | | حزّنو (ḥazznu) | |

### Etymology 3

From Arabic حُزْن (ḥuzn).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ħuzn/, [ˈħʊ.z(ʊ)n]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

حزن • (ḥuzn) m
* sadness, unhappiness
* grief, mourning