# 殷勤
## Chinese

| | | surname; dynasty; flourishingsurname; dynasty; flourishing; roll of thunder; dark red | diligent; frequent |
| trad. (殷勤/慇勤/慇懃) | trad. (殷勤/慇勤/慇懃) | 殷/慇 | 勤/懃 |
| simp. (殷勤) | simp. (殷勤) | 殷 | 勤 |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yīnqín
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄣ ㄑㄧㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jan$^1$ kan$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yîn-khiùn
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): un-khûn / in-khûn / in-khîn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīnqín
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄣ ㄑㄧㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yincín
*** Wade–Giles: yin$^1$-chʻin$^2$
*** Yale: yīn-chín
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: inchyn
*** Palladius: иньцинь (inʹcinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /in⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰin³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$慇勤／殷勤 殷勤
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jan$^1$ kan$^4$
*** Yale: yān kàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jan$^1$ kan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yen$^1$ ken$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐn⁵⁵ kʰɐn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-khiùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: in$^ˊ$ kiun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^1$ kiun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /in²⁴ kʰi̯un¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yîn-khiùn
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)in$^ˊ$ kiun$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yin$^1$ kiun$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)in²⁴ kʰi̯un¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: un-khûn
*** Tâi-lô: un-khûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: unquun
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /un³³ kʰun²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /un⁴⁴⁻²² kʰun²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Taipei)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-khûn
*** Tâi-lô: in-khûn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: inquun
*** IPA (Taipei): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰun²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: in-khîn
*** Tâi-lô: in-khîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: inqiin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /in⁴⁴⁻³³ kʰin²³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /in⁴⁴⁻²² kʰin¹³/
* Middle Chinese: 'j+n gj+n
Rime :
| Character | 殷 | 勤 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) | 群 (30) |
| Final (韻) | 欣 (57) | 欣 (57) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 於斤切 | 巨斤切 |
| Baxter | 'j+n | gj+n |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɨn/ | /ɡɨn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɨn/ | /ɡɨn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔiən/ | /ɡiən/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔɨn/ | /gɨn/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔiən/ | /ɡiən/ |
| Wang Li | /ĭən/ | /ɡĭən/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔi̯ən/ | /gi̯ən/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yīn | qín |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jan$^1$ | kan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ʔə[r] [ɡ]ər/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qɯn ɡɯn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 殷 | 殷 | 勤 |
| Reading # | 2/4 | 3/4 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yīn | yīn | qín |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ʔjɨn › | ‹ ʔjɨn › | ‹ gjɨn › |
| Old Chinese | /*ʔə[r]/ | /*ʔə[r]/ | /*[ɡ]ər/ |
| English | 殷殷 distressed | ample, many | toil, diligent, devoted |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 殷 | 勤 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 15232 | 6749 |
| Phonetic component | 殷 | 堇 |
| Rime group | 文 | 文 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 殷 | 勤 |
| Old Chinese | /*qɯn/ | /*ɡɯn/ |

### Adjective

殷勤
* eagerly attentive; earnest; courteous; sincere; diligent
    From: c. 1330 - 1400, 羅貫中 (Luo Guanzhong), 《三國演義》 (Romance of the Three Kingdoms), chapter 37
    Wú zhèng yù shǐ Kǒngmíng zhī wǒ yīnqín zhī yì. [Pinyin]
    I would like to make known to Kongming my earnest intentions.
    From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 羅馬書 (Romans) 12:11
    Yīnqín, bùkě lǎnduò; yào xīnlǐ huǒrè, chángcháng fúshì Zhǔ. [Pinyin]
    [I]n diligence not slothful; fervent in spirit; serving the Lord[.] (Revised Version)
    From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 哥林多後書 8:16
    Duōxiè Shén, gǎndòng Tíduō de xīn, jiào tā dài nǐmen yīnqín, xiàng wǒ yīyàng. [Pinyin]
    But thanks be to God, which putteth the same earnest care for you into the heart of Titus. (Revised Version)

#### Synonyms

* 熱心／热心 (rèxīn)
* 熱忱／热忱 (rèchén)
* 熱情／热情 (rèqíng)
* 熱火／热火 (rèhuǒ) (colloquial)
* 熱烈／热烈 (rèliè)
* 熾熱／炽热 (chìrè)

#### Derived terms

* 加二殷勤
* 殷殷勤勤
* 獻殷勤 (xiàn yīnqín)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 殷 | 勤 |

### Adjective

殷勤
* chữ Hán form of ân cần.