# 無慮
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): wúlǜ
    (Zhuyin): ㄨˊ ㄌㄩˋ
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mò-li / vù-li
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: wúlǜ
*** Zhuyin: ㄨˊ ㄌㄩˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: wúlyù
*** Wade–Giles: wu$^2$-lü$^4$
*** Yale: wú-lyù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: wuliuh
*** Palladius: улюй (uljuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /u³⁵ ly⁵¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mò-li / vù-li
*** Hakka Romanization System: mo$^ˇ$ li / vu$^ˇ$ li
*** Hagfa Pinyim: mo$^2$ li$^4$ / vu$^2$ li$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /mo¹¹ li⁵⁵/, /vu¹¹ li⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: mju ljoH
Rime :
| Character | 無 | 慮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 虞 (24) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 武夫切 | 良倨切 |
| Baxter | mju | ljoH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /mɨo/ | /lɨʌ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /mio/ | /liɔ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /mio/ | /liɔ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /muə̆/ | /lɨə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /mio/ | /liɔ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /mĭu/ | /lĭo$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /mi̯u/ | /li̯wo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | wú | lǜ |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mou$^4$ | leoi$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*ma [r]a-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ma ras/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 無 | 慮 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | wú | lǜ |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ mju › | ‹ ljo$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ | /*[r]a-s/ |
| English | not have | think, consider |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 無 | 慮 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13117 | 5241 |
| Phonetic component | 無 | 虍 |
| Rime group | 魚 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 無 | 慮 |
| Old Chinese | /*ma/ | /*ras/ |

### Adjective

無慮 (literary)
* foresightless
    From: The Art of War, circa 5th century BCE
    Fú wéi wúlǜ ér yì dí zhě, bì qín yú rén. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* carefree
    From: Huainanzi, 2nd century BCE
    Dàzhàngfū tiánrán wú sī, dànrán wúlǜ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 5th century, Tao Yuanming, 《讀＜山海經＞》
    Tóng wù jì wúlǜ, huàqù bùfù huǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

### Adverb

無慮 (literary)
* approximately; about; or so; or thereabouts
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Jīn fǎn lǔ wúlǜ sān wàn rén, fǎ dāng bèi yòng liù wàn rén. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* probably; likely
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Shè zìchū zhě bǎi yú wàn rén. Rán bùnéng bàn zìchū, tiānxià dàdǐ wúlǜ jiē zhù jīnqián yǐ. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)

#### Synonyms

* (about):
* 上下 (shàngxià)
* 光景 (guāngjǐng)
* 前後／前后 (qiánhòu) (of a point in or period of time)
* 參差／参差 (cēncī) (literary)
* 大抵 (dàdǐ)
* 大概 (dàgài)
* 大率 (dàshuài) (literary)
* 大約／大约 (dàyuē)
* 大約摸／大约摸 (dàyuēmō) (colloquial)
* 大致 (dàzhì)
* 左右 (zuǒyòu)
* 模樣／模样
* 約摸／约摸 (yuēmo)
* 約略／约略 (yuēlüè)
* (probably):
* 博濟／博济 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 多半 (duōbàn)
* 多半兒／多半儿 (duōbànr) (Beijing Mandarin)
* 大半 (dàbàn)
* 大概 (dàgài)
* 大約／大约 (dàyuē)
* 大約摸／大约摸 (dàyuēmō) (colloquial)
* 想必 (xiǎngbì)

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 無(む)慮(りょ) (muryo)
* → Korean: 무려(無慮) (muryeo)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 無 | 慮 |
| む Grade: 4 | りょ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) むりょ [múꜜryò] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [mɯ̟ɾʲo̞]

### Adverb

無(む)慮(りょ) • (muryo)
* about; nearly; roughly; approximately; more or less

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 無 | 慮 |

### Adverb

無慮 • (muryeo) (hangeul 무려)
* hanja form of 무려 (“as many as, no less than”)