# escatimar
## Catalan
### Etymology

Borrowed from Spanish escatimar.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əs.kə.tiˈma]
* IPA: (Valencia) [es.ka.tiˈmaɾ]
* Rhymes: -a(ɾ)

### Verb

escatimar (first-person singular present escatimo, first-person singular preterite escatimí, past participle escatimat)
* to use sparingly, to skimp
    Synonym: escassejar

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | escatimar | escatimar | escatimar | escatimar | escatimar |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | escatimant | escatimant | escatimant | escatimant | escatimant |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | escatimat | escatimat | escatimada | escatimada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | escatimats | escatimats | escatimades | escatimades |
| person | person | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| person | person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| indicative | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| indicative | present | escatimo | escatimes | escatima | escatimem | escatimeu | escatimen |
| indicative | imperfect | escatimava | escatimaves | escatimava | escatimàvem | escatimàveu | escatimaven |
| indicative | future | escatimaré | escatimaràs | escatimarà | escatimarem | escatimareu | escatimaran |
| indicative | preterite | escatimí | escatimares | escatimà | escatimàrem | escatimàreu | escatimaren |
| indicative | conditional | escatimaria | escatimaries | escatimaria | escatimaríem | escatimaríeu | escatimarien |
| subjunctive | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| subjunctive | present | escatimi | escatimis | escatimi | escatimem | escatimeu | escatimin |
| subjunctive | imperfect | escatimés | escatimessis | escatimés | escatiméssim | escatiméssiu | escatimessin |
| imperative | | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès |
| imperative | affirmative | — | escatima | escatimi | escatimem | escatimeu | escatimin |
| imperative | negative (no) | — | no escatimis | no escatimi | no escatimem | no escatimeu | no escatimin |

### Further reading

* “escatimar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
* “escatimar”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
* “escatimar” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.

## Galician
### Etymology

Unknown. From Old Galician-Portuguese escatimar (13th century). The Germanic etymology proposed by Coromines is unsustainable, according to Ramón Lorenzo.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [eskɑtiˈmaɾ]

### Verb

escatimar (first-person singular present escatimo, first-person singular preterite escatimei, past participle escatimado)
* (transitive) to use sparingly, to skimp, to scrimp
* (transitive, dated) to despise; to offend; to skimp
* (pronominal, dated) to take offense
** 1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:Dime algùnha còusa dòce como habes doito, é catá, que si así no no fazèdes, me escatìmo, é velo hàs. Ven sabedes, vaiche bòa! como estas cousas se fàn, è madia tendes, senon eu êime de encabuxar.Tell me something sweet As you usually do, but beware, if you don't do it like that I'll take offense, you'll see. You know well, it could not be otherwise! how these things are done, no doubt about it or else I'll get angry.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Related terms

* escatima
* escatimado
* escatimadamente

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “escatimar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “escatimar”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “escatimar”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* “escatimar”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, 2012–2024
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “escatimar”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “escatimar”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “escatimar”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese escatimar, a loan from Old Spanish escatimar. Cognate with Galician and Spanish escatimar.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /is.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(ʁ)/ [is.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(h)], /es.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(ʁ)/ [es.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /is.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(ʁ)/ [is.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(h)], /es.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(ʁ)/ [es.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /is.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(ɾ)/, /es.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃ.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(ʁ)/ [iʃ.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(χ)], /eʃ.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(ʁ)/ [eʃ.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /es.ka.t͡ʃiˈma(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.kɐ.tiˈmaɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.kɐ.tiˈmaɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.kɐ.tiˈma.ɾi/
* Hyphenation: es‧ca‧ti‧mar

### Verb

escatimar (first-person singular present escatimo, first-person singular preterite escatimei, past participle escatimado) (transitive)
* to deprive through fraud; defraud
* to insult; offend
* to adulterate

#### Conjugation

$^1$Brazilian Portuguese. $^2$European Portuguese.

## Spanish
### Etymology

From Gothic *𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (*skattjan); compare 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐍄𐍄𐌾𐌰 (skattja). Related to German Schatz (“treasure”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /eskatiˈmaɾ/ [es.ka.t̪iˈmaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: es‧ca‧ti‧mar

### Verb

escatimar (first-person singular present escatimo, first-person singular preterite escatimé, past participle escatimado)
* to use sparingly, to skimp
** 2024 June 24, José Carlos Rojo, “Un operativo de rescate formado por 125 efectivos desplegados en Soba durante más de cuarenta horas”, in El Diario Montañés, page 3:Urrutia apuntó que no se ha escatimado en medios humanos, con la participación de 125 efectivos de todas las administraciones, […] .(please add an English translation of this quotation)
* (intransitive) to scrimp, to stint, to cut corners
** 2017, Bernardo Arango, Los Círculos De La Vida:Muchos hasta escatiman en la compra de un colchón y compra lo más barato y ordinario, sin tener en cuenta que en él descansará gran parte de su vida.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | escatimar | escatimar | escatimar | escatimar | escatimar |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | escatimando | escatimando | escatimando | escatimando | escatimando |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | escatimado | escatimado | escatimada | escatimada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | escatimados | escatimados | escatimadas | escatimadas |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| indicative | present | escatimo | escatimas$^{tú}$ escatimás$^{vos}$ | escatima | escatimamos | escatimáis | escatiman |
| indicative | imperfect | escatimaba | escatimabas | escatimaba | escatimábamos | escatimabais | escatimaban |
| indicative | preterite | escatimé | escatimaste | escatimó | escatimamos | escatimasteis | escatimaron |
| indicative | future | escatimaré | escatimarás | escatimará | escatimaremos | escatimaréis | escatimarán |
| indicative | conditional | escatimaría | escatimarías | escatimaría | escatimaríamos | escatimaríais | escatimarían |
| subjunctive | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| subjunctive | present | escatime | escatimes$^{tú}$ escatimés$^{vos2}$ | escatime | escatimemos | escatiméis | escatimen |
| subjunctive | imperfect (ra) | escatimara | escatimaras | escatimara | escatimáramos | escatimarais | escatimaran |
| subjunctive | imperfect (se) | escatimase | escatimases | escatimase | escatimásemos | escatimaseis | escatimasen |
| subjunctive | future$^1$ | escatimare | escatimares | escatimare | escatimáremos | escatimareis | escatimaren |
| imperative | | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes |
| imperative | affirmative | | escatima$^{tú}$ escatimá$^{vos}$ | escatime | escatimemos | escatimad | escatimen |
| imperative | negative | | no escatimes | no escatime | no escatimemos | no escatiméis | no escatimen |
$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.

#### Descendants

* → Catalan: escatimar

#### See also

* regatear

### Further reading

* “escatimar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014