# sumach
## English
### Noun

sumach (countable and uncountable, plural sumachs or sumaches)
* Alternative spelling of sumac
** 1693 January, Leonardi Plukenetii [i.e., Leonard Plukenet], “PHYTOGRAPHIA seu Plantæ quamplurimæ novæ & Literis huc usque incognitæ variis & remotissimis Provinciis ipsisq; Indiis allatæ Nomine & Iconibus. […]”, in Philosophical Transactions. Giving Some Account of the Present Undertakings, Studies, and Labours, of the Ingenious, in Many Considerable Parts of the World, volume VI, number 196, London: Printed for T. Woodward, […] and C. Davis […] printers to the Royal Society, →OCLC, page 621:The Rhamnus of Maderaspatan, and the Trifoliate Sumachs from the Coaſt of Africa, are altogether new.
** 1733, Philip Miller, “RHUS”, in The Gardeners Dictionary: […], 2nd edition, volume I, London: […] C[harles] Rivington, […], →OCLC, column 2:RHUS, […] The Sumach Tree. […] The Species are; 1. Rhus; Virginianum. C.B.P. Virginian Sumach, by ſome falſely called The Stag's-horn-tree.
** 1757, Philip Miller, “June”, in The Gardeners Kalendar; Directing what Works are Necessary to be Done Every Month in the Kitchen, Fruit, and Pleasure-gardens, as also the Conservatory and Nursery. […], 11th edition, London: Printed by Charles Rivington, for John Rivington, […]; and James Rivington and James Fletcher, […], →OCLC, page 185:Plant cutings of Myrtles in a bed of light rich earth, obſerving to water and ſhade them until they have taken root; and now you may plant cutings of […] African Sumaches, and many other exotic plants, which are ſhrubby; […]
** 1854 August 9, Henry D[avid] Thoreau, “Sounds”, in Walden; or, Life in the Woods, Boston, Mass.: Ticknor and Fields, →OCLC, page 139:A young forest growing up under your windows, and wild sumachs and blackberry vines breaking through into your cellar; sturdy pitch-pines rubbing and creaking against the shingles for want of room, their roots reaching quite under the house.
** 1876, Mark Twain [pseudonym; Samuel Langhorne Clemens], chapter XXIX, in The Adventures of Tom Sawyer, Hartford, Conn.: The American Publishing Company, →OCLC, page 222:They plunged into the narrow path between the tall sumach bushes, and were at once hidden in the gloom.

### Verb

sumach (third-person singular simple present sumaches, present participle sumaching, simple past and past participle sumached)
* Obsolete spelling of sumac.
** 1792, [Charles O’Brien], “Of Cleansing Goods, Previous to Maddering, or Boiling Off”, in A Treatise on Calico Printing, Theoretical and Practical: […], volume I, [London]: Printed for C. O’Brien, […] and sold by Bew, […], Richardson, […], Murray, […], →OCLC:After this operation, the goods muſt be winched and well planked, or otherwiſe cleaned; they are then, according to the quality of them, to be ſumached, and then ſnitchelled off, and waſhed.
** 1853, David Smith, “Cotton-dyeing. [No. 39. Various Shades of Silver Drab.]”, in The Dyer’s Instructor: Comprising Practical Instructions in the Art of Dyeing Silk, Cotton, Wool, and Worsted and Woollen Goods, […], Philadelphia, Pa.: Henry Carey Baird, […], →OCLC, page 70:A great variety of Blue Drabs can be dyed by first Sumaching the cotton, and then in another tub add a little Nitrate of Iron or Copperas liquor, and give a few turns.
** 1877, “Calico Printing and Dyeing”, in Charles O’Neill, editor, The Textile Colourist: A Monthly Journal of Bleaching, Printing, Dyeing, and Finishing Textile Fabrics, and the Manufacture and Application of Colouring Matters, volume IV, Manchester: Palmer and Howe, […]; London: Simpkin, Marshall, & Co. […], page 253:Common black calico for linings is dyed upon an iron mordant alone, but generally a better colour is obtained by first sumaching the cotton according to the older method.

### Anagrams

* Muchas, Schaum, as much, cumsha, cushma, much as, shumac

## Irish
### Etymology 1

From Medieval Latin sumach, from Arabic سُمَّاق (summāq), from Classical Syriac ܣܘܡܩܐ (summāqāʾ, “red; sumac”).

#### Noun

sumach m (genitive singular sumaigh)
* sumac(h)

##### Declension

First declension

### Etymology 2
#### Noun

sumach m (genitive singular sumaigh, nominative plural sumaigh)
* Alternative form of somach (“plump youngster”)

##### Declension

First declension

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “sumach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “sumach”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm

## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsumax/
* Rhymes: -umax
* Syllabification: su‧mach

### Noun

sumach m
* locative plural of sum

### Noun

sumach f
* locative plural of suma