# 偶爾
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): ǒu'ěr
    (Zhuyin): ㄡˇ ㄦˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngau$^5$ ji$^5$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ngó͘-ní / gió-ní / ngó͘-jíⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ngou$^2$ re$^2$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ǒu'ěr [Phonetic: óuěr]
*** Zhuyin: ㄡˇ ㄦˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ǒu-ěr
*** Wade–Giles: ou$^3$-êrh$^3$
*** Yale: ǒu-ěr
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ooueel
*** Palladius: оуэр (ouer)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻³⁵ ˀɤɻ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngau$^5$ ji$^5$
*** Yale: ngáuh yíh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngau$^5$ ji$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngeo$^5$ yi$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋɐu̯¹³ jiː¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘-ní
*** Tâi-lô: ngóo-ní
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngofnie
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ nĩ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: gió-ní
*** Tâi-lô: gió-ní
*** Phofsit Daibuun: gioynie
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /ɡio⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ nĩ⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ngó͘-jíⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: ngóo-jínn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ngofjvie
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /ŋɔ̃⁵³⁻⁴⁴ d͡zĩ⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ngou$^2$ re$^2$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ngóu jṳ́
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋou⁵²⁻³⁵ d͡zɯ⁵²⁻²¹/
* Middle Chinese: nguwH nyeX
Rime :
| Character | 偶 | 爾 |
| Reading # | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 疑 (31) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 侯 (137) | 支 (11) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 五遘切 | 兒氏切 |
| Baxter | nguwH | nyeX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ŋəu$^H$/ | /ȵiᴇ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ŋəu$^H$/ | /ȵiɛ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ŋəu$^H$/ | /ȵʑjɛ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ŋəw$^H$/ | /ȵiə̆$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /ŋu$^H$/ | /ȵie$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /ŋəu$^H$/ | /ȵʑǐe$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ŋə̯u$^H$/ | /ȵʑie̯$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | òu | ěr |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ngau$^6$ | ji$^5$ |

### Adverb

偶爾
* now and then; from time to time; sometimes
       Wǒ ǒu'ěr qù jiànshēnfáng. [Pinyin]
       I go to the gym every now and then.

#### Synonyms

* 一半下 (Hakka)
* 一時／一时 (yīshí)
* 下把 (Hakka)
* 下把仔 (Hakka)
* 不時／不时 (bùshí)
* 久不久 (jiǔbùjiǔ) (regional)
* 久唔久 (gau$^2$ m$^4$ gau$^2$) (Cantonese)
* 偶而 (ǒu'ér)
* 成下 (Hakka)
* 成下仔 (Hakka)
* 成擺／成摆 (Hakka)
* 成時／成时 (Hakka)
* 拄時陣／拄时阵 (Min Nan)
* 拄陣／拄阵 (Min Nan)
* 時不時／时不时 (shíbùshí)
* 晃晃兒／晃晃儿 (huànghuàngr) (Beijing)
* 時而／时而 (shí'ér)
* 有成時／有成时 (Hakka)
* 有時／有时 (yǒushí)
* 有時仔／有时仔 (Min Nan)
* 有時候／有时候
* 有時陣／有时阵 (Min Nan)
* 有當時／有当时 (Min Nan)
* 有當時仔／有当时仔 (Min Nan)
* 有陣仔／有阵仔 (Min Nan)
* 有陣時／有阵时 (Cantonese, Min Nan)
* 罕罕仔 (Min Nan)
* 耐唔中 (noi$^6$ m$^4$ zung$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 耐唔時／耐唔时 (noi$^6$ m$^4$ si$^{4-2}$) (Cantonese)
* 耐唔耐 (noi$^6$ m$^4$ noi$^{6-2}$) (Cantonese)
* 間中／间中 (Cantonese, Hakka)
* 間唔中／间唔中 (gaan$^3$ m$^4$ zung$^1$) (Cantonese)
* 間唔時／间唔时 (gaan$^3$ m$^4$ si$^{4-2}$) (Cantonese)
* 難板／难板 ($^6$ne-pe) (Shanghainese)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 有時, 有時候, 偶爾, 間或 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 晃晃兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 有時候 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 有時候 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 有時候 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 有時候兒 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 時早晚兒, 時不早晚兒, 時不時 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 久不久, 時不時 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 有陣時, 間中, 間或, 耐不耐, 耐唔耐, 耐耐, 耐時, 耐中, 耐唔中, 久時久, 久唔久, 久不久 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 有時, 有陣時, 有時候, 間中, 間唔中, 間唔時, 耐唔耐, 耐耐, 耐不耐, 耐唔時, 久唔久, 久不久, 一時時, 時不時 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 耐不耐, 久久 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 有時間 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 有時會 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 間中, 下把仔, 成下仔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 有成時, 成時, 成擺, 一半下 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 有成時, 下把仔, 有時節, 成時, 成下仔, 成擺 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 有成時, 成時, 下把, 成下, 成擺, 一半下 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 有成時, 成半下, 成時, 下把, 下把下, 成下, 成擺, 一半下 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 有成時, 成時, 下把, 成下, 成擺, 一半下 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 有時務, 一半下, 一半時務, 一半擺 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 有時陣, 有當時, 拄陣, 拄時陣 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 有時陣, 拄陣, 拄時陣 |
| Southern Min | Shishi | 有陣 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 有時陣, 有時仔, 有當時 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 有當時仔, 有時陣, 拄時陣, 拄著仔, 有時仔 GT, 有時 GT, 罕罕仔 GT |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 有當時, 有時陣 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 有時陣, 有陣仔, 有陣時, 有陣 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 耐耐 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 有常時, 有辰光, 常時, 難板, 有常 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 有常時, 有辰光 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 有時光 |
| Note | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) | GT - General Taiwanese (no specific region identified) |

#### Antonyms

* 常常 (chángcháng)

### Adjective

偶爾
* occasional; infrequent; intermittent; irregular

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 偶 | 爾 |
| ぐう Grade: S | じ Jinmeiyō |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

From 偶(ぐう) (gū, “by chance”) + 爾(じ) (ji, “situation”).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ぐうじ [gúꜜùjì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ɡɯ̟ːʑi]

### Adjective

偶(ぐう)爾(じ) • (gūji) $^†$-nari
* by accident; by chance
** 1911, Inazō Nitobe, 修(しゅう)養(よう) (Shūyō) [Cultivation of the mind]:
    これは自(じ)分(ぶん)の専(せん)門(もん)学(がく)の余(よ)暇(か)に、ただ偶(ぐう)爾(じ)の随(ずい)感(かん)随(ずい)想(そう)を述(の)べたるに過(す)ぎざれば、 […]
       Kore wa jibun no senmongaku no yoka ni, tada gūji no zuikan-zuisō o nobetaru ni sugizareba, […]
       (please add an English translation of this example)

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 偶爾なら | ぐうじなら | guuzinara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 偶爾に$^{[1]}$ 偶爾なり$^{[2]}$ | ぐうじに ぐうじなり | guuzini guuzinari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 偶爾なり | ぐうじなり | guuzinari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 偶爾なる | ぐうじなる | guuzinaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 偶爾なれ | ぐうじなれ | guuzinare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 偶爾なれ | ぐうじなれ | guuzinare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 偶爾ならず | ぐうじならず | guuzinarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 偶爾なれど | ぐうじなれど | guuzinaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 偶爾なれば | ぐうじなれば | guuzinareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 偶爾ならば | ぐうじならば | guuzinaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 偶爾なりき | ぐうじなりき | guuzinariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 偶爾なりけり | ぐうじなりけり | guuzinarikeri |
| Adverbial | 偶爾に | ぐうじに | guuzini |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

### Adjective

偶(ぐう)爾(じ) • (gūji) $^†$-tari (adnominal 偶(ぐう)爾(じ)とした (gūji to shita) or 偶(ぐう)爾(じ)たる (gūji taru), adverbial 偶(ぐう)爾(じ)と (gūji to) or 偶(ぐう)爾(じ)として (gūji to shite))
* by accident; by chance

#### Inflection

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 偶爾たら | ぐうじたら | guuzitara |
| Continuative (連用形) | 偶爾と$^{[1]}$ 偶爾たり$^{[2]}$ | ぐうじと ぐうじたり | guuzito guuzitari |
| Terminal (終止形) | 偶爾たり | ぐうじたり | guuzitari |
| Attributive (連体形) | 偶爾たる | ぐうじたる | guuzitaru |
| Realis (已然形) | 偶爾たれ | ぐうじたれ | guuzitare |
| Imperative (命令形) | 偶爾たれ | ぐうじたれ | guuzitare |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 偶爾たらず | ぐうじたらず | guuzitarazu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 偶爾たれど | ぐうじたれど | guuzitaredo |
| Causal conjunction | 偶爾たれば | ぐうじたれば | guuzitareba |
| Conditional conjunction | 偶爾たらば | ぐうじたらば | guuzitaraba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 偶爾たりき | ぐうじたりき | guuzitariki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 偶爾たりけり | ぐうじたりけり | guuzitarikeri |
| Adverbial | 偶爾と | ぐうじと | guuzito |
| $^{[1]}$Without auxiliary verb. $^{[2]}$With auxiliary verb. ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN