# bruxism
## English
### Etymology

From Ancient Greek βρυχή (brukhḗ, “grinding of teeth”) + English -ism (suffix forming nouns indicating a tendency of action, behaviour, condition, or state). The word βρυχή is derived from Ancient Greek βρύκω (brúkō, “bite, chew; devour, gobble; grind one's teeth, gnash”).

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /ˈbɹʌksɪz(ə)m/, /ˈbɹʊk-/
* Audio (UK):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˈbɹʌksɪzəm/
* Hyphenation: brux‧i‧sm

### Noun

bruxism (usually uncountable, plural bruxisms)
* (dentistry) The habit or practice of grinding the teeth, as while sleeping, or due to stress or certain drugs.
    Synonym: bruxation
** [1932, Bertrand S. Frohman, Jerome M. Schweitzer, “Occlusal Neuroses: The Application of Psychotherapy to Dental Problems”, in The Psychoanalytic Review, volume 19, number 3, New York, N.Y.: William A[lanson] White, M.D., and Smith Ely Jelliffe, M.D., →OCLC, page 297; quoted in “Occlusal Habit Neuroses. Gritting, or Grinding of the Teeth (Bruxism, Bruxomania).”, in Oral Rehabilitation: Complete Occlusal Reconstruction Treatment of Dental Deformities and Related Subjects: The Closed Bite, St. Louis, Mo.: The C. V. Mosby Company, 1951, →OCLC, page 612:Bruxism is defined as occlusal stress during sleep.]
** 1940 November, Paul J. Boyens, “Value of Autosuggestion in the Therapy of ‘Bruxism’ and Other Biting Habits”, in The Journal of the American Dental Association, volume 27, number 11, Chicago, Ill.: American Dental Association, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 1773, column 1:Employment of autosuggestion in the treatment of "bruxism" may not be so well known.
** 1960 November, John I. Ingle, “Alveolar Osteoporosis and Pulpal Death Associated with Compulsive Bruxism”, in Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, and Oral Pathology, volume 13, number 11, St. Louis, Mo.: Mosby-Year Book, →DOI, →ISSN, →OCLC, →PMID, page 1371:At the conclusion of the second International Conference on Endodontics in 1958 there was listed in the final summation the following very conservative statement: "There is a possibility that in rare cases bruxism may cause the death of the pulp."
** 1966, Walter Buchmann, “[book review]”, in Illinois Dental Journal, volume 35, Oakland Park, Ill.: Illinois State Dental Society, →OCLC, page 743, column 2:Disturbances of the Masticatory System gives a comprehensive outline of factors involved with a broad perspective as to the etiology of bruxisms, traumatic occlusion and functional disturbances of the temporomandibular joints and muscles.
** 1972 January, William Myers, David Whitaker, “Endodontic Considerations in Occlusal Adjustment”, in Benjamin R. Baker, editor, The Journal of the North Carolina Dental Society, volume 55, number 1, Raleigh, N.C.: North Carolina Dental Society, →OCLC, →PMID, pages 16–17:[B. Z.] Rabinowitch feels that internal resorption may be caused by traumatic occlusion. He cites a case of internal resorption where there was no history or evidence other than continued bruxism as the etiology.
** 2011, Bernard Liebgott, “The Head by Regions”, in John Dolan, editor, The Anatomical Basis of Dentistry, 3rd edition, Maryland Heights, Mo.: Mosby, Elsevier, →ISBN, page 276, column 1:Abnormal function [of the temporomandibular joint], in turn, may be the result of a structural problem such as dental malocclusion or a functional problem such as bruxism (clenching and grinding of the teeth).
** 2015, Nicolás Patricio Skármeta, Paula Espinoza-Mellado, Pedro Chana, “Orofacial Dystonia and Other Oromandibular Movement Disorders”, in Tamer Mohamed Gaber Rizk, editor, Dystonia: Different Prospects, London: IntechOpen, →DOI, →ISBN, section 4.5 (Sleep Bruxism Etiology), page 34:Caffeine intake in high quantity is linked with an increased risk of sleep bruxisms in 1.5 times through mechanisms currently unknown. Heavy drinking and frequent alcohol intake during the day have also been associated with sleep bruxism.

#### Derived terms

* brux

#### Related terms

* bruxer
* bruxist
* bruxistic
* bruxomania

#### Translations
### References

* ↑ “bruxism, n.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, 1993; “bruxism, n.”, in Lexico, Dictionary.com; Oxford University Press, 2019–2022.

### Further reading

* bruxism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia