# 磡

| 磡 | U+78E1, &#30945; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-78E1 |
| ← 磠 [U+78E0] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 磢 → [U+78E2] |

## Translingual
### Han character

磡 (Kangxi radical 112, 石+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 一口廿女尸 (MRTVS), four-corner 1462$_7$, composition ⿰石勘)
* cliff, ledge, bank
* step

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 835, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 24436
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2451, character 3
* Unihan data for U+78E1

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 湛 | *ʔl'uːm, *r'uːmʔ, *l'um |
| 媅 | *ʔl'uːm |
| 黮 | *l̥ʰuːmʔ, *l'uːmʔ |
| 糂 | *sluːmʔ |
| 堪 | *kʰluːm |
| 戡 | *kʰluːm, *ʔl'umʔ |
| 嵁 | *kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm |
| 歁 | *kʰluːmʔ, *kʰluːb |
| 勘 | *kʰluːms |
| 磡 | *kʰuːms |
| 墈 | *kʰuːms |
| 偡 | *r'uːmʔ |
| 碪 | *ʔl'um |
| 椹 | *ʔl'um |
| 揕 | *ʔl'ums |
| 踸 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
| 鍖 | *l̥ʰumʔ |
| 斟 | *kljum |
| 諶 | *ɡljum |
| 愖 | *ɡljum |
| 瘎 | *ɡljum |
| 煁 | *ɡljum |
| 甚 | *ɡljumʔ, *ɡljums |
| 葚 | *ɦljumʔ |

### Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *r-ka(ː)m (“lip; mouth; edge; bank”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007), whence Burmese ကမ်း (kam:, “bank of a river”), Mizo khâm (“precipice”). Cognate with 坎 (kǎn, “bank; ridge”), 嶔 (OC *kʰrɯm, “precipitous”) (Schuessler, 2007). See also 𠪚 (“precipitous; bank along fields”), 嵁 (OC *kʰluːm, *ŋɡluːm, *ŋɡluːmʔ, *sɡruːmʔ, *kʰruːm, “cliff, bank, step”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): kàn (kan$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄎㄢˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ham$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khàm
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: kàn
*** Zhuyin: ㄎㄢˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: kàn
*** Wade–Giles: kʻan$^4$
*** Yale: kàn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kann
*** Palladius: кань (kanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰän⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ham$^3$
*** Yale: ham
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ham$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hem$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐm³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khàm
*** Tâi-lô: khàm
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qaxm
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰam²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰam⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰam²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰam¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰam²¹/
* Middle Chinese: khomH
Rime :
| Character | 磡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 溪 (29) |
| Final (韻) | 覃 (159) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 苦紺切 |
| Baxter | khomH |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kʰʌm$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʰəm$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kʰɒm$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kʰəm$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /kʰᴀm$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /kʰɒm$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kʰăm$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | kàn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ham$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kʰuːms/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 磡 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 11276 |
| Phonetic component | 甚 |
| Rime group | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 3 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 勘 |
| Old Chinese | /*kʰuːms/ |
| Notes | 嵁分化字 |

### Definitions

磡 (chiefly in toponyms)
* below a rocky cliff
* precipitous mountain
* embankment

#### Compounds

* 橫頭磡／横头磡 (Héngtóukàn)
* 紅磡／红磡 (Hóngkàn)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): かん (kan)、こん (kon)