# 妻妾
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qīqiè
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧ ㄑㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cai$^1$ cip$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhî-chhiap
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qīqiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧ ㄑㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ciciè
*** Wade–Giles: chʻi$^1$-chʻieh$^4$
*** Yale: chī-chyè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chichieh
*** Palladius: цице (cice)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi⁵⁵ t͡ɕʰi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cai$^1$ cip$^3$
*** Yale: chāi chip
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsai$^1$ tsip$^8$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cei$^1$ qib$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɐi̯⁵⁵ t͡sʰiːp̚³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhî-chhiap
*** Hakka Romanization System: qi$^ˊ$ qiab$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: qi$^1$ qiab$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰi²⁴ t͡sʰi̯ap̚²/
* Middle Chinese: tshej tshjep
Rime :
| Character | 妻 | 妾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 清 (14) |
| Final (韻) | 齊 (39) | 葉 (155) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | III |
| Fanqie | 七稽切 | 七接切 |
| Baxter | tshej | tshjep |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰei/ | /t͡sʰiᴇp̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰei/ | /t͡sʰiɛp̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɛi/ | /t͡sʰjæp̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰɛj/ | /t͡sʰiap̚/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰei/ | /t͡sʰiɛp̚/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰiei/ | /t͡sʰĭɛp̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰiei/ | /t͡sʰi̯ɛp̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | qī | qie |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cai$^1$ | cip$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤəj [tsʰ]ap/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰiːl sʰeb/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 妻 | 妾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | qī | qiè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshej › | ‹ tshjep › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁəj/ | /*[tsʰ]ap/ |
| English | consort, wife | concubine |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 妻 | 妾 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 9913 | 10467 |
| Phonetic component | 妻 | 妾 |
| Rime group | 脂 | 盍 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 妻 | 妾 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰiːl/ | /*sʰeb/ |

### Noun

妻妾
* wives and concubines (of a man); harem
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Wèi gōngshì zhī měi, qīqiè zhī fèng, suǒ shí qióngfá zhě dé wǒ yú? [Pinyin]
    [When he takes them,] is it not that he may obtain beautiful mansions, that he may secure the services of wives and concubines, or that the poor and needy of his acquaintance may be helped by him?

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 妻妾(さいしょう) (saishō)
* → Korean: 처첩(妻妾) (cheocheop)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 妻 | 妾 |
| さい Grade: 5 | しょう Hyōgai |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) さいしょー [sàíshóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [sa̠iɕo̞ː]

### Noun

妻(さい)妾(しょう) • (saishō)
* wife and concubine
    妻(さい)妾(しょう)同(どう)居(きょ)
       saishō dōkyo
       wife and concubine living under the same roof

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN