# brón
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* (Munster) IPA: /bˠɾˠoːn̪ˠ/, [bˠɾˠõːn̪ˠ]
* (Aran) IPA: /bˠɾˠoːn/
* (Cois Fharraige) IPA: /bˠɾˠuːn̪ˠ/
* (Mayo, Ulster) IPA: /bˠɾˠoːnˠ/, /bˠɾˠoːn̪ˠ/

### Etymology 1

From Old Irish brón.

#### Noun

brón m (genitive singular bróin)
* sorrow
    Tá brón ormI'm sorry(literally, “Sorrow is on me”)

##### Declension

First declension

##### Derived terms

* brat bróin (“pall”)
* brónach (“sorrowful”, adjective)
* mo bhrón (“alas”)
* tá brón orm (“I'm sorry”)

##### Related terms

* brónaí f (“sorrowfulness”)

#### Verb

brón (present analytic brónann, future analytic brónfaidh, verbal noun brónadh, past participle brónta)
* (transitive) grieve
    An ní nach bhfeiceann súil ní bhrónann croí. (proverb)What the eye sees not the heart rues not.

##### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | brónaim | brónann tú; brónair$^†$ | brónann sé, sí | brónaimid | brónann sibh | brónann siad; brónaid$^†$ | a bhrónann; a bhrónas / a mbrónann* | bróntar |
| indicative | past | bhrón mé; bhrónas | bhrón tú; bhrónais | bhrón sé, sí | bhrónamar; bhrón muid | bhrón sibh; bhrónabhair | bhrón siad; bhrónadar | a bhrón / ar bhrón* | brónadh |
| indicative | past habitual | bhrónainn / mbrónainn‡‡ | bhróntá / mbróntá‡‡ | bhrónadh sé, sí / mbrónadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhrónaimis; bhrónadh muid / mbrónaimis‡‡; mbrónadh muid‡‡ | bhrónadh sibh / mbrónadh sibh‡‡ | bhrónaidís; bhrónadh siad / mbrónaidís‡‡; mbrónadh siad‡‡ | a bhrónadh / a mbrónadh* | bhróntaí / mbróntaí‡‡ |
| future | future | brónfaidh mé; brónfad | brónfaidh tú; brónfair$^†$ | brónfaidh sé, sí | brónfaimid; brónfaidh muid | brónfaidh sibh | brónfaidh siad; brónfaid$^†$ | a bhrónfaidh; a bhrónfas / a mbrónfaidh* | brónfar |
| conditional | conditional | bhrónfainn / mbrónfainn‡‡ | bhrónfá / mbrónfá‡‡ | bhrónfadh sé, sí / mbrónfadh sé, sí‡‡ | bhrónfaimis; bhrónfadh muid / mbrónfaimis‡‡; mbrónfadh muid‡‡ | bhrónfadh sibh / mbrónfadh sibh‡‡ | bhrónfaidís; bhrónfadh siad / mbrónfaidís‡‡; mbrónfadh siad‡‡ | a bhrónfadh / a mbrónfadh* | bhrónfaí / mbrónfaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go mbróna mé; go mbrónad$^†$ | go mbróna tú; go mbrónair$^†$ | go mbróna sé, sí | go mbrónaimid; go mbróna muid | go mbróna sibh | go mbróna siad; go mbrónaid$^†$ | — | go mbróntar |
| subjunctive | past | dá mbrónainn | dá mbróntá | dá mbrónadh sé, sí | dá mbrónaimis; dá mbrónadh muid | dá mbrónadh sibh | dá mbrónaidís; dá mbrónadh siad | — | dá mbróntaí |
| imperative | imperative | brónaim | brón | brónadh sé, sí | brónaimis | brónaigí; brónaidh$^†$ | brónaidís | — | bróntar |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | brónadh | brónadh | brónadh | brónadh | brónadh | brónadh | brónadh | brónadh |
| past participle | past participle | brónta | brónta | brónta | brónta | brónta | brónta | brónta | brónta |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

##### Descendants

* →⇒ Yola: murreen

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Noun

brón
* (dialectal, archaic) genitive singular of bró

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “brón”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “brón”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “brón”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
* Finck, F. N. (1899) Die araner mundart (in German), volume II, Marburg: Elwert’sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, page 51
* “brón”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
* Quiggin, E. C. (1906) A Dialect of Donegal, Cambridge University Press, page 88

## Old Irish
### Etymology

From Proto-Celtic *brugnos (“sadness, pain”) (also reconstructible as *bruginos, *broginos, *brognos), of uncertain further origin. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *gʷruHǵʰ-nó-, from the root *gʷrewHǵʰ- (“to bite”) + *-nós, though the laryngeal makes this problematic; alternatively from *bʰreg- (“to break”) or another root.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /broːn/

### Noun

brón m (genitive bróin, no plural)
* sorrow, grief, lamentation, distress, burden
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 5$^d$25
    "brón caích bad brón dúibsi" glosses flete cum flentibus
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 16$^b$8
    "ni far mbrón si ..." glosses contristati
** c. 800–825, Diarmait, Milan Glosses on the Psalms, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 7–483, Ml. 129$^c$6
    "in brón" glosses mestitudinem

#### Inflection

Masculine o-stem :
| | Singular | Dual | Plural |
| Nominative | brón | brón$^L$ | bróin$^L$ |
| Vocative | bróin | brón$^L$ | brónu$^H$ |
| Accusative | brón$^N$ | brón$^L$ | brónu$^H$ |
| Genitive | bróin$^L$ | brón | brón$^N$ |
| Dative | brón$^L$ | brónaib | brónaib |
| Initial mutations of a following adjective: $^H$ = triggers aspiration $^L$ = triggers lenition $^N$ = triggers nasalization ||||

#### Derived terms

* brónach (“sorrowful, grieving, sad”)

#### Descendants

* Irish: brón
* Scottish Gaelic: bròn

### References

* ↑ MacBain, Alexander, Mackay, Eneas (1911) “brón”, in An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language‎, Stirling, →ISBN, page 52
* ↑ Matasović, Ranko (2009) “*brugno-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 9), Leiden: Brill, →ISBN, pages 80–81

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “brón”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Thurneysen, Rudolf (1940, reprinted 2017) D. A. Binchy and Osborn Bergin, transl., A Grammar of Old Irish, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies, →ISBN, § 62