# hlupha
## Swazi
### Verb

-hlupha
* to give trouble

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-hlupha
* (transitive) to bother
    Synonym: -mosha

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Verb

-hlupha
* (transitive) to afflict, to bother, to disturb, to grieve, to torment, to trouble, to worry
* (transitive) to put to inconvenience

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukuhlupha |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuhlupha | ukungahluphi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | hlupha | -hluphe |
| Plural | hluphani | -hlupheni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyahlupha, ngihlupha | engihluphayo, engihlupha | ngihlupha | angihluphi | engingahluphi | ngingahluphi |
| 2nd singular | uyahlupha, uhlupha | ohluphayo, ohlupha | uhlupha | awuhluphi | ongahluphi | ungahluphi |
| 1st plural | siyahlupha, sihlupha | esihluphayo, esihlupha | sihlupha | asihluphi | esingahluphi | singahluphi |
| 2nd plural | niyahlupha, nihlupha | enihluphayo, enihlupha | nihlupha | anihluphi | eningahluphi | ningahluphi |
| Class 1 | uyahlupha, uhlupha | ohluphayo, ohlupha | ehlupha | akahluphi | ongahluphi | engahluphi |
| Class 2 | bayahlupha, bahlupha | abahluphayo, abahlupha | behlupha | abahluphi | abangahluphi | bengahluphi |
| Class 3 | uyahlupha, uhlupha | ohluphayo, ohlupha | uhlupha | awuhluphi | ongahluphi | ungahluphi |
| Class 4 | iyahlupha, ihlupha | ehluphayo, ehlupha | ihlupha | ayihluphi | engahluphi | ingahluphi |
| Class 5 | liyahlupha, lihlupha | elihluphayo, elihlupha | lihlupha | alihluphi | elingahluphi | lingahluphi |
| Class 6 | ayahlupha, ahlupha | ahluphayo, ahlupha | ehlupha | awahluphi | angahluphi | engahluphi |
| Class 7 | siyahlupha, sihlupha | esihluphayo, esihlupha | sihlupha | asihluphi | esingahluphi | singahluphi |
| Class 8 | ziyahlupha, zihlupha | ezihluphayo, ezihlupha | zihlupha | azihluphi | ezingahluphi | zingahluphi |
| Class 9 | iyahlupha, ihlupha | ehluphayo, ehlupha | ihlupha | ayihluphi | engahluphi | ingahluphi |
| Class 10 | ziyahlupha, zihlupha | ezihluphayo, ezihlupha | zihlupha | azihluphi | ezingahluphi | zingahluphi |
| Class 11 | luyahlupha, luhlupha | oluhluphayo, oluhlupha | luhlupha | aluhluphi | olungahluphi | lungahluphi |
| Class 14 | buyahlupha, buhlupha | obuhluphayo, obuhlupha | buhlupha | abuhluphi | obungahluphi | bungahluphi |
| Class 15 | kuyahlupha, kuhlupha | okuhluphayo, okuhlupha | kuhlupha | akuhluphi | okungahluphi | kungahluphi |
| Class 17 | kuyahlupha, kuhlupha | okuhluphayo, okuhlupha | kuhlupha | akuhluphi | okungahluphi | kungahluphi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngihluphile, ngihluphē | engihluphile, engihluphē | ngihluphile, ngihluphē | angihluphanga | engingahluphanga | ngingahluphanga |
| 2nd singular | uhluphile, uhluphē | ohluphile, ohluphē | uhluphile, uhluphē | awuhluphanga | ongahluphanga | ungahluphanga |
| 1st plural | sihluphile, sihluphē | esihluphile, esihluphē | sihluphile, sihluphē | asihluphanga | esingahluphanga | singahluphanga |
| 2nd plural | nihluphile, nihluphē | enihluphile, enihluphē | nihluphile, nihluphē | anihluphanga | eningahluphanga | ningahluphanga |
| Class 1 | uhluphile, uhluphē | ohluphile, ohluphē | ehluphile, ehluphē | akahluphanga | ongahluphanga | engahluphanga |
| Class 2 | bahluphile, bahluphē | abahluphile, abahluphē | behluphile, behluphē | abahluphanga | abangahluphanga | bengahluphanga |
| Class 3 | uhluphile, uhluphē | ohluphile, ohluphē | uhluphile, uhluphē | awuhluphanga | ongahluphanga | ungahluphanga |
| Class 4 | ihluphile, ihluphē | ehluphile, ehluphē | ihluphile, ihluphē | ayihluphanga | engahluphanga | ingahluphanga |
| Class 5 | lihluphile, lihluphē | elihluphile, elihluphē | lihluphile, lihluphē | alihluphanga | elingahluphanga | lingahluphanga |
| Class 6 | ahluphile, ahluphē | ahluphile, ahluphē | ehluphile, ehluphē | awahluphanga | angahluphanga | engahluphanga |
| Class 7 | sihluphile, sihluphē | esihluphile, esihluphē | sihluphile, sihluphē | asihluphanga | esingahluphanga | singahluphanga |
| Class 8 | zihluphile, zihluphē | ezihluphile, ezihluphē | zihluphile, zihluphē | azihluphanga | ezingahluphanga | zingahluphanga |
| Class 9 | ihluphile, ihluphē | ehluphile, ehluphē | ihluphile, ihluphē | ayihluphanga | engahluphanga | ingahluphanga |
| Class 10 | zihluphile, zihluphē | ezihluphile, ezihluphē | zihluphile, zihluphē | azihluphanga | ezingahluphanga | zingahluphanga |
| Class 11 | luhluphile, luhluphē | oluhluphile, oluhluphē | luhluphile, luhluphē | aluhluphanga | olungahluphanga | lungahluphanga |
| Class 14 | buhluphile, buhluphē | obuhluphile, obuhluphē | buhluphile, buhluphē | abuhluphanga | obungahluphanga | bungahluphanga |
| Class 15 | kuhluphile, kuhluphē | okuhluphile, okuhluphē | kuhluphile, kuhluphē | akuhluphanga | okungahluphanga | kungahluphanga |
| Class 17 | kuhluphile, kuhluphē | okuhluphile, okuhluphē | kuhluphile, kuhluphē | akuhluphanga | okungahluphanga | kungahluphanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāhlupha | engāhlupha | ngāhlupha | angihluphanga | engingahluphanga | ngingahluphanga |
| 2nd singular | wāhlupha | owāhlupha | wāhlupha | awuhluphanga | ongahluphanga | ungahluphanga |
| 1st plural | sāhlupha | esāhlupha | sāhlupha | asihluphanga | esingahluphanga | singahluphanga |
| 2nd plural | nāhlupha | enāhlupha | nāhlupha | anihluphanga | eningahluphanga | ningahluphanga |
| Class 1 | wāhlupha | owāhlupha | āhlupha | akahluphanga | ongahluphanga | engahluphanga |
| Class 2 | bāhlupha | abāhlupha | bāhlupha | abahluphanga | abangahluphanga | bengahluphanga |
| Class 3 | wāhlupha | owāhlupha | wāhlupha | awuhluphanga | ongahluphanga | ungahluphanga |
| Class 4 | yāhlupha | eyāhlupha | yāhlupha | ayihluphanga | engahluphanga | ingahluphanga |
| Class 5 | lāhlupha | elāhlupha | lāhlupha | alihluphanga | elingahluphanga | lingahluphanga |
| Class 6 | āhlupha | āhlupha | āhlupha | awahluphanga | angahluphanga | engahluphanga |
| Class 7 | sāhlupha | esāhlupha | sāhlupha | asihluphanga | esingahluphanga | singahluphanga |
| Class 8 | zāhlupha | ezāhlupha | zāhlupha | azihluphanga | ezingahluphanga | zingahluphanga |
| Class 9 | yāhlupha | eyāhlupha | yāhlupha | ayihluphanga | engahluphanga | ingahluphanga |
| Class 10 | zāhlupha | ezāhlupha | zāhlupha | azihluphanga | ezingahluphanga | zingahluphanga |
| Class 11 | lwāhlupha | olwāhlupha | lwāhlupha | aluhluphanga | olungahluphanga | lungahluphanga |
| Class 14 | bāhlupha | obāhlupha | bāhlupha | abuhluphanga | obungahluphanga | bungahluphanga |
| Class 15 | kwāhlupha | okwāhlupha | kwāhlupha | akuhluphanga | okungahluphanga | kungahluphanga |
| Class 17 | kwāhlupha | okwāhlupha | kwāhlupha | akuhluphanga | okungahluphanga | kungahluphanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingahlupha | — | ngingahlupha | ngingehluphe | — | ngingehluphe |
| 2nd singular | ungahlupha | — | ungahlupha | ungehluphe | — | ungehluphe |
| 1st plural | singahlupha | — | singahlupha | singehluphe | — | singehluphe |
| 2nd plural | ningahlupha | — | ningahlupha | ningehluphe | — | ningehluphe |
| Class 1 | angahlupha | — | engahlupha | angehluphe | — | engehluphe |
| Class 2 | bangahlupha | — | bengahlupha | bangehluphe | — | bengehluphe |
| Class 3 | ungahlupha | — | ungahlupha | ungehluphe | — | ungehluphe |
| Class 4 | ingahlupha | — | ingahlupha | ingehluphe | — | ingehluphe |
| Class 5 | lingahlupha | — | lingahlupha | lingehluphe | — | lingehluphe |
| Class 6 | angahlupha | — | engahlupha | angehluphe | — | engehluphe |
| Class 7 | singahlupha | — | singahlupha | singehluphe | — | singehluphe |
| Class 8 | zingahlupha | — | zingahlupha | zingehluphe | — | zingehluphe |
| Class 9 | ingahlupha | — | ingahlupha | ingehluphe | — | ingehluphe |
| Class 10 | zingahlupha | — | zingahlupha | zingehluphe | — | zingehluphe |
| Class 11 | lungahlupha | — | lungahlupha | lungehluphe | — | lungehluphe |
| Class 14 | bungahlupha | — | bungahlupha | bungehluphe | — | bungehluphe |
| Class 15 | kungahlupha | — | kungahlupha | kungehluphe | — | kungehluphe |
| Class 17 | kungahlupha | — | kungahlupha | kungehluphe | — | kungehluphe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizohlupha | engizohlupha | ngizohlupha | angizuhlupha | engingezuhlupha | ngingezuhlupha |
| 2nd singular | uzohlupha | ozohlupha | uzohlupha | awuzuhlupha | ongezuhlupha | ungezuhlupha |
| 1st plural | sizohlupha | esizohlupha | sizohlupha | asizuhlupha | esingezuhlupha | singezuhlupha |
| 2nd plural | nizohlupha | enizohlupha | nizohlupha | anizuhlupha | eningezuhlupha | ningezuhlupha |
| Class 1 | uzohlupha | ozohlupha | ezohlupha | akazuhlupha | ongezuhlupha | engezuhlupha |
| Class 2 | bazohlupha | abazohlupha | bezohlupha | abazuhlupha | abangezuhlupha | bengezuhlupha |
| Class 3 | uzohlupha | ozohlupha | uzohlupha | awuzuhlupha | ongezuhlupha | ungezuhlupha |
| Class 4 | izohlupha | ezohlupha | izohlupha | ayizuhlupha | engezuhlupha | ingezuhlupha |
| Class 5 | lizohlupha | elizohlupha | lizohlupha | alizuhlupha | elingezuhlupha | lingezuhlupha |
| Class 6 | azohlupha | azohlupha | ezohlupha | awazuhlupha | angezuhlupha | engezuhlupha |
| Class 7 | sizohlupha | esizohlupha | sizohlupha | asizuhlupha | esingezuhlupha | singezuhlupha |
| Class 8 | zizohlupha | ezizohlupha | zizohlupha | azizuhlupha | ezingezuhlupha | zingezuhlupha |
| Class 9 | izohlupha | ezohlupha | izohlupha | ayizuhlupha | engezuhlupha | ingezuhlupha |
| Class 10 | zizohlupha | ezizohlupha | zizohlupha | azizuhlupha | ezingezuhlupha | zingezuhlupha |
| Class 11 | luzohlupha | oluzohlupha | luzohlupha | aluzuhlupha | olungezuhlupha | lungezuhlupha |
| Class 14 | buzohlupha | obuzohlupha | buzohlupha | abuzuhlupha | obungezuhlupha | bungezuhlupha |
| Class 15 | kuzohlupha | okuzohlupha | kuzohlupha | akuzuhlupha | okungezuhlupha | kungezuhlupha |
| Class 17 | kuzohlupha | okuzohlupha | kuzohlupha | akuzuhlupha | okungezuhlupha | kungezuhlupha |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyohlupha | engiyohlupha | ngiyohlupha | angiyuhlupha | engingeyuhlupha | ngingeyuhlupha |
| 2nd singular | uyohlupha | oyohlupha | uyohlupha | awuyuhlupha | ongeyuhlupha | ungeyuhlupha |
| 1st plural | siyohlupha | esiyohlupha | siyohlupha | asiyuhlupha | esingeyuhlupha | singeyuhlupha |
| 2nd plural | niyohlupha | eniyohlupha | niyohlupha | aniyuhlupha | eningeyuhlupha | ningeyuhlupha |
| Class 1 | uyohlupha | oyohlupha | eyohlupha | akayuhlupha | ongeyuhlupha | engeyuhlupha |
| Class 2 | bayohlupha | abayohlupha | beyohlupha | abayuhlupha | abangeyuhlupha | bengeyuhlupha |
| Class 3 | uyohlupha | oyohlupha | uyohlupha | awuyuhlupha | ongeyuhlupha | ungeyuhlupha |
| Class 4 | iyohlupha | eyohlupha | iyohlupha | ayiyuhlupha | engeyuhlupha | ingeyuhlupha |
| Class 5 | liyohlupha | eliyohlupha | liyohlupha | aliyuhlupha | elingeyuhlupha | lingeyuhlupha |
| Class 6 | ayohlupha | ayohlupha | eyohlupha | awayuhlupha | angeyuhlupha | engeyuhlupha |
| Class 7 | siyohlupha | esiyohlupha | siyohlupha | asiyuhlupha | esingeyuhlupha | singeyuhlupha |
| Class 8 | ziyohlupha | eziyohlupha | ziyohlupha | aziyuhlupha | ezingeyuhlupha | zingeyuhlupha |
| Class 9 | iyohlupha | eyohlupha | iyohlupha | ayiyuhlupha | engeyuhlupha | ingeyuhlupha |
| Class 10 | ziyohlupha | eziyohlupha | ziyohlupha | aziyuhlupha | ezingeyuhlupha | zingeyuhlupha |
| Class 11 | luyohlupha | oluyohlupha | luyohlupha | aluyuhlupha | olungeyuhlupha | lungeyuhlupha |
| Class 14 | buyohlupha | obuyohlupha | buyohlupha | abuyuhlupha | obungeyuhlupha | bungeyuhlupha |
| Class 15 | kuyohlupha | okuyohlupha | kuyohlupha | akuyuhlupha | okungeyuhlupha | kungeyuhlupha |
| Class 17 | kuyohlupha | okuyohlupha | kuyohlupha | akuyuhlupha | okungeyuhlupha | kungeyuhlupha |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngihluphe | ngingahluphi |
| 2nd singular | uhluphe | ungahluphi |
| 1st plural | sihluphe | singahluphi |
| 2nd plural | nihluphe | ningahluphi |
| Class 1 | ahluphe | angahluphi |
| Class 2 | bahluphe | bangahluphi |
| Class 3 | uhluphe | ungahluphi |
| Class 4 | ihluphe | ingahluphi |
| Class 5 | lihluphe | lingahluphi |
| Class 6 | ahluphe | angahluphi |
| Class 7 | sihluphe | singahluphi |
| Class 8 | zihluphe | zingahluphi |
| Class 9 | ihluphe | ingahluphi |
| Class 10 | zihluphe | zingahluphi |
| Class 11 | luhluphe | lungahluphi |
| Class 14 | buhluphe | bungahluphi |
| Class 15 | kuhluphe | kungahluphi |
| Class 17 | kuhluphe | kungahluphi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngahlupha | ngangahlupha, angahlupha, angangahlupha |
| 2nd singular | wahlupha | wangahlupha, awahlupha, awangahlupha |
| 1st plural | sahlupha | sangahlupha, asahlupha, asangahlupha |
| 2nd plural | nahlupha | nangahlupha, anahlupha, anangahlupha |
| Class 1 | wahlupha | wangahlupha, akahlupha, akangahlupha |
| Class 2 | bahlupha | bangahlupha, abahlupha, abangahlupha |
| Class 3 | wahlupha | wangahlupha, awahlupha, awangahlupha |
| Class 4 | yahlupha | yangahlupha, ayahlupha, ayangahlupha |
| Class 5 | lahlupha | langahlupha, alahlupha, alangahlupha |
| Class 6 | ahlupha | angahlupha, awahlupha, awangahlupha |
| Class 7 | sahlupha | sangahlupha, asahlupha, asangahlupha |
| Class 8 | zahlupha | zangahlupha, azahlupha, azangahlupha |
| Class 9 | yahlupha | yangahlupha, ayahlupha, ayangahlupha |
| Class 10 | zahlupha | zangahlupha, azahlupha, azangahlupha |
| Class 11 | lwahlupha | lwangahlupha, alwahlupha, alwangahlupha |
| Class 14 | bahlupha | bangahlupha, abahlupha, abangahlupha |
| Class 15 | kwahlupha | kwangahlupha, akwahlupha, akwangahlupha |
| Class 17 | kwahlupha | kwangahlupha, akwahlupha, akwangahlupha |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “hlupha”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “hlupha (6.3)”