# 援引
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuányǐn
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): wun$^4$ jan$^5$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oan-ín / oān-ín / oân-ín
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuányǐn
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ ㄧㄣˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuányǐn
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$-yin$^3$
*** Yale: ywán-yǐn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuanyiin
*** Palladius: юаньинь (juanʹinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵ in²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: wun$^4$ jan$^5$
*** Yale: wùhn yáhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: wun$^4$ jan$^5$
*** Guangdong Romanization: wun$^4$ yen$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /wuːn²¹ jɐn¹³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oan-ín
*** Tâi-lô: uan-ín
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oan'ien
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /uan³³ in⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oān-ín
*** Tâi-lô: uān-ín
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oaxn'ien
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan³³⁻²¹ in⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /uan³³⁻¹¹ in⁵³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /uan²²⁻²¹ in⁵³/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân-ín
*** Tâi-lô: uân-ín
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oan'ien
*** IPA (Taipei): /uan²⁴⁻¹¹ in⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³⁻³³ in⁴¹/
* Middle Chinese: hjwon|hjwenH yinX|yinH
Rime :
| Character | 援 | 援 | 引 | 引 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) | 云 (35) | 以 (36) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) | 仙 (80) | 眞 (43) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 雨元切 | 王眷切 | 余忍切 | 羊晉切 |
| Baxter | hjwon | hjwenH | yinX | yinH |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʉɐn/ | /ɦˠiuᴇn$^H$/ | /jiɪn$^X$/ | /jiɪn$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷiɐn/ | /ɦʷᵚiɛn$^H$/ | /jin$^X$/ | /jin$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuɐn/ | /ɣiuæn$^H$/ | /jen$^X$/ | /jen$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuan/ | /ɦwian$^H$/ | /jin$^X$/ | /jin$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuɐn/ | /ɣjuɛn$^H$/ | /iĕn$^X$/ | /iĕn$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭwɐn/ | /ɣĭwɛn$^H$/ | /jĭĕn$^X$/ | /jĭĕn$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯wɐn/ | /i̯wɛn$^H$/ | /i̯ĕn$^X$/ | /i̯ĕn$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuán | yuàn | yǐn | yìn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^4$ | jyun$^6$ | jan$^5$ | jan$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷa[n] li[n]ʔ|li[n]ʔ-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷans|ɢʷan linʔ|lins/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 援 | 引 | 引 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuán | yǐn | yǐn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjwon › | ‹ yin$^X$ › | ‹ yin$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/ | /*li[n]ʔ/ | /*li[n]ʔ-s/ |
| English | pull up | draw the bow | draw the bow |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 援 | 援 | 引 | 引 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 16167 | 16175 | 15306 | 15312 |
| Phonetic component | 爰 | 爰 | 引 | 引 |
| Rime group | 元 | 元 | 眞 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 瑗 | 袁 | 引 | 𦙍 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷans/ | /*ɢʷan/ | /*linʔ/ | /*lins/ |

### Verb

援引
* to quote; to cite
* to recommend or promote someone on behalf of someone else

#### Synonyms

* (to quote):
* 引用 (yǐnyòng)
* 引證／引证 (yǐnzhèng)
* 徵引／征引 (zhēngyǐn)
* 援用 (yuányòng)
* 據／据 (literary)
* 稱引／称引 (chēngyǐn) (literary)