# enfraquecer
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* esfraquecer

### Etymology

From Old Galician-Portuguese enfraquecer (13th century, Cantigas de Santa Maria), from en- +‎ fraco +‎ -ecer.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [eɱfɾakeˈθeɾ], (western) [eɱfɾakeˈseɾ]

### Verb

enfraquecer (first-person singular present enfraquezo, first-person singular preterite enfraquecín, past participle enfraquecido) enfraquecer (first-person singular present enfraqueço, first-person singular preterite enfraquecim or enfraqueci, past participle enfraquecido, reintegrationist norm)
* (transitive) to weaken (make weaker)
    Synonym: debilitar
* (intransitive) to weaken (become weaker); to faint
    Synonyms: desfalecer, desmaiar, esmorecer
** 1409, José Luis Pensado Tomé, editor, Tratado de Albeitaria, Santiago de Compostela: Centro Ramón Piñeiro, page 97:se o Cauallo for groso et de ydade conprida dalle llogo a beber aa sa uontade primeiramente, et depois sangrao danbas llas ueeas das trincheiras et outrosy danbas llas ueeas das coixas en que a sangrya soen a fazer et saqenlle moito sange ataa que semelle que enfraqueçeif the horse is big and older, let him drink as much as he wants first, and then bleed him in both veins of the temples and also in both veins of the thighs, where they use to do the bloodlettings, and bleed him till that he seems to faint
** 1775, María Francisca Isla y Losada, Romance:Ay Jesús! miña Joiña! non falemos nesto mais, que dá grima sò o pensalo, Deus vos garde bo é san. Santiago. Febreiro doce Aÿ! que non sey que me dà, que me esfraquezo de todo, è non podo vafexàr.Oh, Jesus! My Jewel! Let's not talk about this anymore because it brings creeps just to think about it. God take care of you, safe and sound. Santiago, February twelve Oh! I don't know what happens to me I'm losing all of my strength and I can't breathe
* (intransitive) to lose weight

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Related terms

* fraco

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “enfraquecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “enfraq”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “enfraquecer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “enfraquecer”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “enfraquecer”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Old Galician-Portuguese
### Etymology

From en- +‎ fraco (“weak”) +‎ -ecer.

### Verb

enfraquecer
* (intransitive) to weaken (become weaker)

#### Descendants

* Galician: enfraquecer
* Portuguese: enfraquecer

### Further reading

* Universo Cantigas - "enfraquecer"

## Portuguese
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Galician-Portuguese enfraquecer. Compare Galician enfraquecer and Spanish enflaquecer. By surface analysis, en- +‎ fraco (“weak”) +‎ -ecer.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.fɾa.keˈse(ʁ)/ [ẽ.fɾa.keˈse(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.fɾa.keˈse(ʁ)/ [ĩ.fɾa.keˈse(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.fɾa.keˈse(ʁ)/ [ẽ.fɾa.keˈse(h)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.fɾa.keˈse(ʁ)/ [ĩ.fɾa.keˈse(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.fɾa.keˈse(ɾ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.fɾa.keˈse(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.fɾa.keˈse(ʁ)/ [ẽ.fɾa.keˈse(χ)], (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.fɾa.keˈse(ʁ)/ [ĩ.fɾa.keˈse(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: (careful pronunciation) /ẽ.fɾa.keˈse(ɻ)/, (natural pronunciation) /ĩ.fɾa.keˈse(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ẽ.fɾɐ.kɨˈseɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ẽ.fɾɐ.kɨˈseɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /ẽ.fɾɐ.kɨˈse.ɾi/

### Verb

enfraquecer (first-person singular present enfraqueço, first-person singular preterite enfraqueci, past participle enfraquecido)
* (transitive) to weaken (make weaker)
    Synonym: debilitar
* (intransitive) to weaken (become weaker)
    Synonym: desfalecer

#### Related terms

* fraco
* fraqueza