# 通行
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tōngxíng
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^1$ haang$^4$ / tung$^1$ hang$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): thûng-hàng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): thong-hêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): tong$^1$ gian$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tōngxíng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥ ㄒㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tongsíng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^1$-hsing$^2$
*** Yale: tūng-syíng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tongshyng
*** Palladius: тунсин (tunsin)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ ɕiŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^1$ haang$^4$ / tung$^1$ hang$^4$
*** Yale: tūng hàahng / tūng hàhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^1$ haang$^4$ / tung$^1$ hang$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^1$ hang$^4$ / tung$^1$ heng$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ haːŋ²¹/, /tʰʊŋ⁵⁵ hɐŋ²¹/
* tung1 haang4 - vernacular;
* tung1 hang4 - literary.
* Middle Chinese: thuwng haeng
Rime :
| Character | 通 | 行 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 2/4 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 匣 (33) |
| Final (韻) | 東 (1) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | II |
| Fanqie | 他紅切 | 戸庚切 |
| Baxter | thuwng | haeng |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰuŋ/ | /ɦˠæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰuŋ/ | /ɦᵚaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰuŋ/ | /ɣaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰəwŋ/ | /ɦaɨjŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰuŋ/ | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰuŋ/ | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰuŋ/ | /ɣɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tōng | héng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^1$ | hang$^4$ |

### Verb

通行
* (road transport) to pass through (any line of transport); to get through; to transit
    禁止通行。 ― Jìnzhǐ tōngxíng. ― Access prohibited.
       Jìnzhǐ jīdòngchē tōngxíng. [Pinyin]
       No motor vehicles.
* (of currency, writing systems, etc.) to be generally accepted; to be of current or standard use

#### Antonyms

* (antonym(s) of “to pass through”): 不通 (bùtōng)

#### Derived terms

* 右側通行／右侧通行
* 地區通行證／地区通行证
* 通行本
* 通行權／通行权
* 通行無阻／通行无阻
* 通行證／通行证 (tōngxíngzhèng)
* 通行費／通行费 (tōngxíngfèi)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 通 | 行 |
| つう Grade: 2 | こう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) つうこー [tsùúkóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [t͡sɨːko̞ː]

### Noun

通(つう)行(こう) • (tsūkō)
* traffic, passage
    通(つう)行(こう)の神(かみ)、エイスリオス
       Tsūkō no Kami, Eisuriosu
       Athreos, God of Passage

### Verb

通(つう)行(こう)する • (tsūkō suru) intransitive suru (stem 通(つう)行(こう)し (tsūkō shi), past 通(つう)行(こう)した (tsūkō shita))
* pass, go through

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 通行し | つうこうし | tsūkō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 通行し | つうこうし | tsūkō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 通行する | つうこうする | tsūkō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 通行する | つうこうする | tsūkō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 通行すれ | つうこうすれ | tsūkō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 通行せよ¹ 通行しろ² | つうこうせよ¹ つうこうしろ² | tsūkō seyo¹ tsūkō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 通行される | つうこうされる | tsūkō sareru |
| Causative | 通行させる 通行さす | つうこうさせる つうこうさす | tsūkō saseru tsūkō sasu |
| Potential | 通行できる | つうこうできる | tsūkō dekiru |
| Volitional | 通行しよう | つうこうしよう | tsūkō shiyō |
| Negative | 通行しない | つうこうしない | tsūkō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 通行せず | つうこうせず | tsūkō sezu |
| Formal | 通行します | つうこうします | tsūkō shimasu |
| Perfective | 通行した | つうこうした | tsūkō shita |
| Conjunctive | 通行して | つうこうして | tsūkō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 通行すれば | つうこうすれば | tsūkō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 通 | 行 |

### Noun

通行 • (tonghaeng) (hangeul 통행)
* hanja form of 통행 (“passage”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 通 | 行 |

### Verb

通行
* chữ Hán form of thông hành (“to be permitted to pass”).