# ⲓⲛⲓ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲉⲓⲛⲉ (eine) — Sahidic

### Verb

ⲓⲛⲓ • (ini) (nominal state ⲉⲛ-, pronominal state ⲉⲛ⸗)
* (Bohairic, Fayyumic) to bring

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲓⲛⲓ ini | imperative | affirmative | ⲓⲛⲓ ini |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ štemini | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣⲓⲛⲓ m̀perini |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲓⲛⲓ tiini | ⲭⲓⲛⲓ khini | ⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ teini | ϥⲓⲛⲓ fini | ⲥⲓⲛⲓ sini | ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ tenini | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ tetenini | ⲥⲉⲓⲛⲓ seini | ⲓⲛⲓ ini |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲓⲛⲓ eiini | ⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ ekhini | ⲉⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ ereini | ⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ efini | ⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ esini | ⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ enini | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ eretenini | ⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ euini | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ere- ini |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲓⲛⲓ etiini | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ etekhini | ⲉⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ eteini | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ etefini | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ etesini | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etenini | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etetenini | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ etouini | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ete- ini |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ naiini | ⲛⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ nakhini | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ nareini | ⲛⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ nafini | ⲛⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ nasini | ⲛⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ nanini | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ naretenini | ⲛⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ nauini | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ nare- ini |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ aiini | ⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ akhini | ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ areini | ⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ afini | ⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ asini | ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ anini | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ aretenini | ⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ auini | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ are- ini |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ tinaini | ⲭⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ khnaini | ⲧⲉⲣⲁⲓⲛⲓ teraini | ϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ fnaini | ⲥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ snaini | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ tennaini | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ tetennaini | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ senaini | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ naini |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ einaini | ⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ekhnaini | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ erenaini | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ efnaini | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ esnaini | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ennaini | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ eretennaini | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ eunaini | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ere- naini |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etinaini | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etekhnaini | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etenaini | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etefnaini | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etesnaini | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etennaini | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etetennaini | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ etounaini | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ete- naini |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nainaini | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nakhnaini | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ narenaini | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nafnaini | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nasnaini | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nannaini | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ naretennaini | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ naunaini | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nare- naini |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ainaini | ⲁⲭⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ akhnaini | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ arenaini | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ afnaini | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ asnaini | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ annaini | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ aretennaini | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ aunaini | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ are- naini |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ aiini | ⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ akhini | ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ areini | ⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ afini | ⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ asini | ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ anini | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ atetenini | ⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ auini | ⲁ- ⲓⲛⲓ a- ini |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲛⲓ m̀piini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ m̀pekhini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓⲛⲓ m̀peini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ m̀pefini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ m̀pesini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ m̀penini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ m̀petenini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ m̀pouini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ m̀pe- ini |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ eaiini | ⲉⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ eakhini | ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ eareini | ⲉⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ eafini | ⲉⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ easini | ⲉⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ eanini | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ eatetenini | ⲉⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ eauini | ⲉⲁ- ⲓⲛⲓ ea- ini |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲛⲓ em̀piini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ em̀pekhini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓⲛⲓ em̀peini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ em̀pefini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ em̀pesini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ em̀penini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ em̀petenini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ em̀pouini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ em̀pe- ini |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ etaiini | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ etakhini | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ etareini | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ etafini | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ etasini | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ etanini | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etaretenini | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ etauini | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲓⲛⲓ eta- ini |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲛⲓ etm̀piini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pekhini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓⲛⲓ etm̀peini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pefini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pesini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etm̀penini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etm̀petenini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pouini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pe- ini |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ neaiini | ⲛⲉⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ neakhini | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ neareini | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ neafini | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ neasini | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ neanini | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ neatetenini | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ neauini | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲓⲛⲓ nea- ini |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓⲓⲛⲓ nem̀piini | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ nem̀pekhini | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲓⲛⲓ nem̀peini | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ nem̀pefini | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ nem̀pesini | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nem̀penini | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nem̀petenini | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ nem̀pouini | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ nem̀pe- ini |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ etaiini | ⲉⲧⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ etakhini | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ etareini | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ etafini | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ etasini | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ etanini | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etaretenini | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ etauini | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲓⲛⲓ eta- ini |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲓⲛⲓ m̀patiini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ m̀patekhini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ m̀pateini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ m̀patefini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ m̀patesini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ m̀patenini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ m̀patetenini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ m̀patouini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ m̀pate- ini |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲓⲛⲓ em̀patiini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ em̀patekhini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ em̀pateini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ em̀patefini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ em̀patesini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ em̀patenini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ em̀patetenini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ em̀patouini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ em̀pate- ini |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲓⲛⲓ etm̀patiini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ etm̀patekhini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pateini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ etm̀patefini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ etm̀patesini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etm̀patenini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etm̀patetenini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ etm̀patouini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pate- ini |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯⲓⲛⲓ nam̀patiini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ nam̀patekhini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ nam̀pateini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ nam̀patefini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ nam̀patesini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nam̀patenini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nam̀patetenini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ nam̀patouini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ nam̀pate- ini |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ šaiini | ϣⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ šakhini | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ šareini | ϣⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ šafini | ϣⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ šasini | ϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ šanini | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ šatetenini | ϣⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ šauini | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ šare- ini |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ m̀paiini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ m̀pakhini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ m̀pareini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ m̀pafini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ m̀pasini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ m̀panini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ m̀paretenini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ m̀pauini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ m̀pare- ini |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ ešaiini | ⲉϣⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ ešakhini | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ ešareini | ⲉϣⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ ešafini | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ ešasini | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ ešanini | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ ešatetenini | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ ešauini | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ešare- ini |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ em̀paiini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ em̀pakhini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ em̀pareini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ em̀pafini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ em̀pasini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ em̀panini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ em̀paretenini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ em̀pauini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ em̀pare- ini |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ etšaiini | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ etšakhini | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ etšareini | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ etšafini | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ etšasini | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ etšanini | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etšatetenini | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ etšauini | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ etšare- ini |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ etm̀paiini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pakhini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pareini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pafini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pasini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ etm̀panini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etm̀paretenini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pauini | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ etm̀pare- ini |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ našaiini | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ našakhini | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ našareini | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ našafini | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ našasini | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ našanini | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ našatetenini | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ našauini | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ našare- ini |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ nam̀paiini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ nam̀pakhini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ nam̀pareini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ nam̀pafini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ nam̀pasini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ nam̀panini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nam̀paretenini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ nam̀pauini | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ nam̀pare- ini |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ em̀paiini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ em̀pakhini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ em̀pareini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ em̀pafini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ em̀pasini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ em̀panini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ em̀paretenini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ em̀pauini | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ em̀pare- ini |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲓⲛⲓ eieini | ⲉⲕⲉⲓⲛⲓ ekeini | ⲉⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ ereini | ⲉϥⲉⲓⲛⲓ efeini | ⲉⲥⲉⲓⲛⲓ eseini | ⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ eneini | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ ereteneini | ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓ eueini | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ere- ini |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ ǹnaini | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ ǹnekhini | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ ǹneini | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ ǹnefini | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ ǹnesini | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ ǹnenini | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ ǹnetenini | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ ǹnouini | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ǹne- ini |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲓⲛⲓ mariini | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ marefini | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ maresini | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ marenini | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ marouini | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ mare- ini |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓⲓⲛⲓ m̀penthriini | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ m̀penthrefini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ m̀penthresini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ m̀penthrenini | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ m̀penthreuini | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ m̀penthre- ini |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁⲓⲛⲓ ǹtaini | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ ǹtekhini | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ ǹteini | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ ǹtefini | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ ǹtesini | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ ǹtenini | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ ǹtetenini | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ ǹseini, ǹtouini | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ǹte- ini |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲓⲛⲓ tariini | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ tarekhini | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ tareini | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ tarefini | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ taresini | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ tarenini | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ taretenini | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ tarouini | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ tare- ini |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲓⲛⲓ šatiini | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲭⲓⲛⲓ šatekhini | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ šateini | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ šatefini | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ šatesini | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ šatenini | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ šatetenini | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ šatouini | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ šate- ini |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ aišanini | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ akšanini | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ arešanini | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ afšanini | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ asšanini | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ anšanini | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ aretenšanini | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ aušanini | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲓⲛⲓ arešan- ini |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ aiini | ⲁⲭⲓⲛⲓ akhini | ⲁⲣⲉⲓⲛⲓ areini | ⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ afini | ⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ asini | ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ anini | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ aretenini | ⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ auini | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ are- ini |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲓⲛⲓ ini | imperative | affirmative | ⲓⲛⲓ ini |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲓⲛⲓ štemini | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲓⲛⲓ, ⲡⲉⲗⲓⲛⲓ mpelini, pelini |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲓⲛⲓ tiini | ⲕⲓⲛⲓ kini | ⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ teini | ϥⲓⲛⲓ fini | ⲥⲓⲛⲓ sini | ⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ tenini | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ tetenini | ⲥⲉⲓⲛⲓ seini | ⲓⲛⲓ ini |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲓⲛⲓ eiini | ⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ ekini | ⲉⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ eleini | ⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ efini | ⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ esini | ⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ enini | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ eletenini | ⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ euini | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ele- ini |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲓⲛⲓ etiini | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ etekini | ⲉⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ eteini | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ etefini | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ etesini | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etenini | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etetenini | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ etouini | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ete- ini, etele- ini |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ naiini | ⲛⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ nakini | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ naleini | ⲛⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ nafini | ⲛⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ nasini | ⲛⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ nanini | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ naletenini | ⲛⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ nauini | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ nale- ini |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ aiini | ⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ akini | ⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ aleini | ⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ afini | ⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ asini | ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ anini | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ aletenini | ⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ auini | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ale- ini |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ tineini | ⲕⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ kneini | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ teneini | ϥⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ fneini | ⲥⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ sneini | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ tenneini | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ tetenneini | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ seneini | ⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ neini |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ eineini | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ ekneini | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ eleneini | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ efneini | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ esneini | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ enneini | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ eletenneini | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ euneini | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ ele- neini |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ etineini | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ etekneini | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ eteneini | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ etefneini | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ etesneini | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ etenneini | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ etetenneini | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ etouneini | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ etele- neini |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ naineini | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ nakneini | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ naleneini | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ nafneini | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ nasneini | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ nanneini | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ naletenneini | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ nauneini | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ nale- neini |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ aineini | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ akneini | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ aleneini | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ afneini | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ asneini | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ anneini | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ aletenneini | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ auneini | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ ale- neini |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ aiini | ⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ akini | ⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ aleini | ⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ afini | ⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ asini | ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ anini | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ atetenini | ⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ auini | ⲁ- ⲓⲛⲓ a- ini |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲓⲛⲓ mpiini | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ mpekini | ⲙⲡⲉⲓⲛⲓ mpeini | ⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ mpefini | ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ mpesini | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ mpenini | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ mpetenini | ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ mpouini | ⲙⲡⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ mpe- ini |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ eaiini | ⲉⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ eakini | ⲉⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ ealeini | ⲉⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ eafini | ⲉⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ easini | ⲉⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ eanini | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ eatetenini | ⲉⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ eauini | ⲉⲁ- ⲓⲛⲓ ea- ini |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲓⲛⲓ empiini | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ empekini | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲓⲛⲓ empeini | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ empefini | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ empesini | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ empenini | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ empetenini | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ empouini | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ empe- ini |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ ntaiini | ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ ntakini | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ ntaleini | ⲛⲧⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ ntafini | ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ ntasini | ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ ntanini | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etaletenini | ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ ntauini | ⲛⲧⲁ- ⲓⲛⲓ nta- ini |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲓⲛⲓ etempiini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ etempekini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲓⲛⲓ etempeini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ etempefini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ etempesini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etempenini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etempetenini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ etempouini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ etempe- ini |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ nneaiini | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ nneakini | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ nnealeini | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ nneafini | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ nneasini | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ nneanini | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nneatetenini | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ nneauini | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ⲓⲛⲓ nnea- ini |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲓⲛⲓ nnempiini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ nnempekini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲓⲛⲓ nnempeini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ nnempefini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ nnempesini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nnempenini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nnempetenini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ nnempouini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ nnempe- ini |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ aaiini | ⲁⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ aakini | ⲁⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ aaleini | ⲁⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ aafini | ⲁⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ aasini | ⲁⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ aanini | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etaletenini | ⲁⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ aauini | ⲁⲁ- ⲓⲛⲓ aa- ini |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲓⲛⲓ mpatiini | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ mpatekini | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ mpateini | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ mpatefini | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ mpatesini | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ mpatenini | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ mpatetenini | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ mpatouini | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ mpate- ini |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲓⲛⲓ empatiini | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ empatekini | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ empateini | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ empatefini | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ empatesini | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ empatenini | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ empatetenini | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ empatouini | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ empate- ini |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲓⲛⲓ etempatiini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ etempatekini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ etempateini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ etempatefini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ etempatesini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etempatenini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etempatetenini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ etempatouini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ etempate- ini |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲓⲛⲓ nnempatiini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ nnempatekini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ nnempateini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ nnempatefini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ nnempatesini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nnempatenini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nnempatetenini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ nnempatouini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ nnempate- ini |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ šaiini | ϣⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ šakini | ϣⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ šaleini | ϣⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ šafini | ϣⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ šasini | ϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ šanini | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ šatetenini | ϣⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ šauini | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ šale- ini |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓⲓⲛⲓ meiini | ⲙⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ mekini | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ meleini | ⲙⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ mefini | ⲙⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ mesini | ⲙⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ menini | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ meletenini | ⲙⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ meuini | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ mele- ini |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ ešaiini | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ ešakini | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ ešaleini | ⲉϣⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ ešafini | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ ešasini | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ ešanini | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ ešatetenini | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ ešauini | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ešale- ini |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓⲓⲛⲓ emeiini | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ emekini | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ emeleini | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ emefini | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ emesini | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ emenini | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ emeletenini | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ emeuini | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ emele- ini |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛϣⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ etešaiini, nšaiini | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛϣⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ etešakini, nšakini | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ etešaleini, nšaleini | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛϣⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ etešafini, nšafini | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛϣⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ etešasini, nšasini | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ etešanini, nšanini | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etešatetenini, nšatetenini | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛϣⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ etešauini, nšauini | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ etešale- ini, nšale- ini |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓⲓⲛⲓ etemeiini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ etemekini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ etemeleini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ etemefini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ etemesini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etemenini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ etemeletenini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ etemeuini | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ etemele- ini |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ nnešaiini | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ nnešakini | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ nnešaleini | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ nnešafini | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ nnešasini | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ nnešanini | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nnešatetenini | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ nnešauini | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ nnešale- ini |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓⲓⲛⲓ nnemeiini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ nnemekini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ nnemeleini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ nnemefini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ nnemesini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nnemenini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nnemeletenini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ nnemeuini | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ nnemele- ini |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓⲓⲛⲓ nmeiini | ⲛⲙⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ nmekini | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ nmeleini | ⲛⲙⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ nmefini | ⲛⲙⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ nmesini | ⲛⲙⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nmenini | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nmeletenini | ⲛⲙⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ nmeuini | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ nmele- ini |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲓⲛⲓ eieini | ⲉⲕⲉⲓⲛⲓ ekeini | ⲉⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ eleini | ⲉϥⲉⲓⲛⲓ efeini | ⲉⲥⲉⲓⲛⲓ eseini | ⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ eneini | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ eleteneini | ⲉⲩⲉⲓⲛⲓ eueini | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ele- ini |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲓⲛⲓ nnaini | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ nnekini | ⲛⲛⲉⲓⲛⲓ nneini | ⲛⲛⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ nnefini | ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ nnesini | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nnenini | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nnetenini | ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ nnouini | ⲛⲛⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ nne- ini |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲓⲛⲓ maliini | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ malefini | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ malesini | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ malenini | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ malouini | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ male- ini |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓⲓⲛⲓ mpeltriini | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ mpeltrefini | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ mpeltresini | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ mpeltrenini | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩⲓⲛⲓ mpeltreuini | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ mpeltre- ini |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲛⲓ taini, ntaini | ⲛⲕⲓⲛⲓ nkini | ⲛⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ nteini | ⲛϥⲓⲛⲓ nfini | ⲛⲥⲓⲛⲓ nsini | ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ ntenini | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ ntetenini | ⲛⲥⲉⲓⲛⲓ nseini | ⲛⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ nte- ini |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓⲓⲛⲓ taliini, ntaliini | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ talekini, ntalekini | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ taleini, ntaleini | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ talefini, ntalefini | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ talesini, ntalesini | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ talenini, ntalenini | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ taletenini, ntaletenini | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ talouini, ntalouini | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ tale- ini, ntale- ini |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲓⲛⲓ nteliini | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ ntelekini | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ nteleini | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ ntelefini | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ ntelesini | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ ntelenini | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ nteletenini | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ ntelouini | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ntele- ini |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲓⲛⲓ šantiini | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲓⲛⲓ šantekini | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲓⲛⲓ šanteini | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲓⲛⲓ šantefini | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲓⲛⲓ šantesini | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ šantenini | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ šantetenini | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲓⲛⲓ šantouini | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ šante- ini |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ eišanini | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ ekšanini | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ elešanini | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ efšanini | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ esšanini | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ enšanini | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ eletenšanini | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ eušanini | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲓⲛⲓ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ⲓⲛⲓ elešan- ini, elšan- ini |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲓⲛⲓ aiini | ⲁⲕⲓⲛⲓ akini | ⲁⲗⲉⲓⲛⲓ aleini | ⲁϥⲓⲛⲓ afini | ⲁⲥⲓⲛⲓ asini | ⲁⲛⲓⲛⲓ anini | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲓⲛⲓ aletenini | ⲁⲩⲓⲛⲓ auini | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲓⲛⲓ ale- ini |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### References

* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 47
* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 78