# 嚼

| 嚼 | U+56BC, &#22204; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-56BC |
| ← 嚻 [U+56BB] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 嚽 → [U+56BD] |

## Translingual
### Han character

嚼 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+18, 21 strokes, cangjie input 口月田戈 (RBWI), four-corner 6204$_6$, composition ⿰口爵)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 214, character 18
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4602
* Dae Jaweon: page 437, character 8
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 704, character 8
* Unihan data for U+56BC

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 釂 | *ʔsewɢs |
| 皭 | *ʔsewɢs, *zewɢ |
| 爝 | *ʔsewɢs, *ʔsewɢ, *zewɢ |
| 爵 | *ʔsewɢ |
| 嚼 | *zewɢ |
| 穱 | *ʔsreːwɢ |
| 灂 | *zreːwɢ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *zewɢ) : semantic 口 (“mouth”) + phonetic 爵 (OC *ʔsewɢ).

### Etymology 1

Schuessler (2003) links this word with Proto-Mon-Khmer *caʔ (“to eat”). Also compare Proto-Sino-Tibetan *dzaʔ (“to eat”).

#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): jiáo, jué, jiào (jiao$^2$, jue$^2$, jiao$^4$)
       (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄠˊ, ㄐㄩㄝˊ, ㄐㄧㄠˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): jiao$^2$
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): zoek$^3$ / zoek$^6$ / ziu$^6$ / zeu$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): diak$^2$ / diau$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): qioh$^7$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): chiok / chheu
    (Meixian, Guangdong): jiog$^5$ / qiau$^4$
* Jin (Wiktionary): jiau$^1$
* Northern Min (KCR): ciŏ̤
* Eastern Min (BUC): ciŏk
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chio̍h / chio̍k / chiok
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ziag$^4$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^8$zhiaq / $^8$ziaq / $^8$dziaq
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): zio$^6$ / cio$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiáo
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^2$
*** Yale: jyáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyau
*** Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jué
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄩㄝˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jyué
*** Wade–Giles: chüeh$^2$
*** Yale: jywé
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyue
*** Palladius: цзюэ (czjue)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕy̯ɛ³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jiào
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄠˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jiào
*** Wade–Giles: chiao$^4$
*** Yale: jyàu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jiaw
*** Palladius: цзяо (czjao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹/
* jiáo - vernacular;
* jué - literary;
* jiào - only used in 倒嚼, 反嚼 or 回嚼.
* Dialectal data
| Variety | Location | edit嚼 |
| Mandarin | Beijing | /t͡ɕiɑu³⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Harbin | /t͡ɕiau²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Tianjin | /t͡ɕiɑu⁴⁵/ /t͡ɕye⁴⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Jinan | /t͡ɕiɔ⁴²/ /t͡ɕyə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Qingdao | /t͡syə⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Zhengzhou | /t͡syo⁴²/ |
| Mandarin | Xi'an | /t͡ɕyo²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Xining | /t͡ɕyu²⁴/ |
| Mandarin | Yinchuan | /t͡ɕye⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Lanzhou | /t͡ɕyə⁵³/ |
| Mandarin | Ürümqi | /t͡ɕyɤ⁵¹/ |
| Mandarin | Wuhan | /t͡ɕio²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Chengdu | /t͡ɕiau¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Guiyang | /t͡ɕiao²¹³/ |
| Mandarin | Kunming | /t͡ɕio³¹/ |
| Mandarin | Nanjing | /t͡soʔ⁵/ |
| Mandarin | Hefei | /t͡ɕyɐʔ⁵/ /t͡ɕiɔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Taiyuan | /t͡ɕiau¹¹/ |
| Jin | Pingyao | /t͡ɕyʌʔ⁵³/ |
| Jin | Hohhot | /t͡ɕiɔ³¹/ ～烂 /t͡ɕiɔ⁵⁵/ 倒～ |
| Wu | Shanghai | /ʑiaʔ¹/ |
| Wu | Suzhou | /ziɑʔ³/ |
| Wu | Hangzhou | /d͡ʑiɑʔ²/ |
| Wu | Wenzhou | /ja²¹³/ |
| Hui | Shexian | /t͡sʰiɔ²²/ |
| Hui | Tunxi | /t͡ɕio⁵/ |
| Xiang | Changsha | /t͡sio²⁴/ ～頭 /t͡sʰio⁵⁵/ ～不爛 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | /t͡sʰio⁵⁵/ |
| Gan | Nanchang | /t͡ɕʰiɔʔ²/ 瞎扯 |
| Hakka | Meixian | /t͡siok̚¹/ |
| Hakka | Taoyuan | |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sœk̚³/ |
| Cantonese | Nanning | /t͡sœk̚³³/ |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | /t͡sœk̚³/ |
| Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /t͡siɔk̚⁵/ |
| Min | Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /t͡suoʔ⁵/ |
| Min | Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /t͡siɔ²⁴/ |
| Min | Shantou (Teochew) | /t͡siak̚²/ |
| Min | Haikou (Hainanese) | /t͡siɔk̚⁵/ |
* Middle Chinese: dzjak
Rime :
| Character | 嚼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) |
| Final (韻) | 藥 (107) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 在爵切 |
| Baxter | dzjak |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zɨɐk̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡ziɐk̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡ziɑk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zɨak̚/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡ziak̚/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡zĭak̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱi̯ak̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jué |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zoek$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zewɢ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 嚼 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 7258 |
| Phonetic component | 爵 |
| Rime group | 藥 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 皭 |
| Old Chinese | /*zewɢ/ |

#### Definitions

嚼
* (transitive) to chew; to masticate; to crunch
    嚼口香糖 ― jiáo kǒuxiāngtáng ― to chew chewing gum

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 咀嚼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 嚼 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 嚼 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 嚼 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 嚼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 嚼 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 嚼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 嚼 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 噍 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 噍 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 噍 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 唵 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 噍 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 噍 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 咬, 喃 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 哺 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 嚼 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 哺, 嗕 |
| Southern Min | Taipei (Wanhua) | 哺 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 哺, 嗕 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 咬 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 哺 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 哺 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 嚼 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 嚼 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 嚼, 噍 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 嚼 |

#### Compounds

* 亂嚼舌頭／乱嚼舌头
* 倒嚼 (dǎojiào)
* 味同嚼蠟／味同嚼蜡
* 咀嚼 (jǔjué)
* 咀嚼肌 (jǔjuéjī)
* 咀英嚼華／咀英嚼华
* 咬嚼 (yǎojué)
* 咬文嚼字 (yǎowénjiáozì)
* 咬釘嚼鐵／咬钉嚼铁
* 嚼咬人
* 嚼子
* 嚼完鬆／嚼完松
* 嚼旃
* 嚼用
* 嚼穀／嚼谷
* 嚼舌 (jiáoshé)
* 嚼舌根
* 嚼舌頭／嚼舌头 (jiáo shétou)
* 嚼菜根
* 嚼蛆
* 嚼蠟／嚼蜡
* 嚼裹兒／嚼裹儿
* 嚼說／嚼说
* 嚼墨噴紙／嚼墨喷纸
* 嚼齒／嚼齿
* 大吃大嚼
* 屠門大嚼／屠门大嚼
* 摶沙嚼蠟／抟沙嚼蜡
* 望門大嚼／望门大嚼
* 朵頤大嚼／朵颐大嚼
* 死吃死嚼
* 沒嚼頭／没嚼头
* 混嚼舌根
* 白嚼人
* 白嚼蛆
* 細嚼／细嚼
* 細嚼慢嚥／细嚼慢咽 (xìjiáomànyàn)
* 臭嚼
* 裂眥嚼齒／裂眦嚼齿

### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chia̍uh / chhia̍uh / chiauh / chhiauh
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chia̍uh
*** Tâi-lô: tsia̍uh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciauh
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡siauʔ¹²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siauʔ⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines, dated in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhia̍uh
*** Tâi-lô: tshia̍uh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiauh
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippines): /t͡sʰiauʔ²⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiauʔ⁴/
** (Hokkien: dated in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiauh
*** Tâi-lô: tsiauh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: ciauq
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡siauʔ³²/
** (Hokkien: dated in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiauh
*** Tâi-lô: tshiauh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chiauq
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰiauʔ³²/

#### Definitions

嚼
* (Hokkien) to chatter; to prattle; to talk incessantly (used mainly in compounds)
       chia̍uh-chia̍uh-kiò [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       to chatter without ceasing
** (Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Philippine and Taiwanese Hokkien) to be fond of talking; to chatter
       I koh lé chhia̍uh. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]
       He's chattering again.
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) paiban (played by hitting it on one's palm or knee)
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) sound of a paiban
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, music, dated) to play the paiban
* (Taiwanese Hokkien, dated) to jump in a bouncing way like a rabbit
    一直嚼來／一直嚼来 [Taiwanese Hokkien] ― it-ti̍t chhia̍uh lâi [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to come keeping on jumping in a bouncing way

#### Compounds

* 吱吱嚼嚼
* 嚼仔
* 嚼嚼叫
* 嚼嚼吼
* 嚼嚼念
* 嚼嚼𥍉／嚼嚼𱳅
* 嚼嚼踊
* 嚼嚼霆

#### Related terms

* 喞喞啁啁
* 噍噍 (jiūjiū)
* 焦焦
* 鳥喙／鸟喙 (niǎohuì)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: ざく (zaku)
* Kan-on: しゃく (shaku)
* Kun: かむ (kamu, 嚼む)

## Korean
### Hanja

嚼 • (jak) (hangeul 작, revised jak, McCune–Reischauer chak)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

嚼: Hán Nôm readings: tước
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.