# escarnir
## Catalan
### Etymology

Inherited from Vulgar Latin *escarnire, from Proto-Germanic *skarnjan, which could be from *skeraną (“to shear”), or possibly related to *skarną (“dung, filth”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əs.kərˈni]
* IPA: (Valencia) [es.kaɾˈniɾ]

### Verb

escarnir (first-person singular present escarneixo, first-person singular preterite escarní, past participle escarnit)
* to mock, to ridicule
    Synonyms: burlar-se, mofar-se
* (colloquial) to mimic, to parody, to ape

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | escarnir | escarnir | escarnir | escarnir | escarnir |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | escarnint | escarnint | escarnint | escarnint | escarnint |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | escarnit | escarnit | escarnida | escarnida |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | escarnits | escarnits | escarnides | escarnides |
| person | person | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| person | person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| indicative | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| indicative | present | escarneixo | escarneixes | escarneix | escarnim | escarniu | escarneixen |
| indicative | imperfect | escarnia | escarnies | escarnia | escarníem | escarníeu | escarnien |
| indicative | future | escarniré | escarniràs | escarnirà | escarnirem | escarnireu | escarniran |
| indicative | preterite | escarní | escarnires | escarní | escarnírem | escarníreu | escarniren |
| indicative | conditional | escarniria | escarniries | escarniria | escarniríem | escarniríeu | escarnirien |
| subjunctive | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| subjunctive | present | escarneixi | escarneixis | escarneixi | escarnim | escarniu | escarneixin |
| subjunctive | imperfect | escarnís | escarnissis | escarnís | escarníssim | escarníssiu | escarnissin |
| imperative | | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès |
| imperative | affirmative | — | escarneix | escarneixi | escarnim | escarniu | escarneixin |
| imperative | negative (no) | — | no escarneixis | no escarneixi | no escarnim | no escarniu | no escarneixin |

#### Derived terms

* escarn
* escarnidor

### Further reading

* “escarnir” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Galician
### Etymology

Attested since the 13th century. Either from Gothic (an Italian origin seems unlikely given the early presence and productivity of this family of words in Iberian Romance languages) or from Old French; ultimately from Proto-Germanic *skarnjan, which could be from *skeraną (“to shear”), or possibly related to *skarną (“dung, filth”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [es.kaɾ.ˈniɾ]

### Verb

escarnir (first-person singular present escarno, first-person singular preterite escarnín, past participle escarnido) escarnir (first-person singular present escarno, first-person singular preterite escarnim or escarni, past participle escarnido, reintegrationist norm)
* (now literary) to make fun of, to mock
    Synonym: escarnecer
* (now literary) to scorn
    Synonym: escarnecer

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* escarmentar
* escarmento
* escarnecer
* escarnio

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “escarnir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “escarn”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “escarnir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “escarnir”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* ↑ Joan Coromines, José A. Pascual (1983–1991) “escarnecer”, in Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico (in Spanish), Madrid: Gredos

## Occitan
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Verb

escarnir
* to mock; to make fun of

#### Related terms

* escarni, escarniment
* escarniós

### References

* Patric Guilhemjoan, Diccionari elementari occitan-francés francés-occitan (gascon), 2005, Orthez, per noste, 2005, →ISBN,page 63.
* Diccionari General de la Lenga Occitana, L’Academia occitana – Consistòri del Gai Saber, 2008-2024, page 237.

## Portuguese
### Etymology

From Italian schernire (“to mock”), possibly from Proto-Germanic *skarnjan.

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /is.kaʁˈni(ʁ)/ [is.kaɦˈni(h)], /es.kaʁˈni(ʁ)/ [es.kaɦˈni(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /is.kaʁˈni(ʁ)/ [is.kaɦˈni(h)], /es.kaʁˈni(ʁ)/ [es.kaɦˈni(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /is.kaɾˈni(ɾ)/, /es.kaɾˈni(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /iʃ.kaʁˈni(ʁ)/ [iʃ.kaʁˈni(χ)], /eʃ.kaʁˈni(ʁ)/ [eʃ.kaʁˈni(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /es.kaɻˈni(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.kɐɾˈniɾ/
* (Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.kɐɾˈniɾ/
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /(i)ʃ.kɐɾˈni.ɾi/

### Verb

escarnir (first-person singular present escarno, first-person singular preterite escarni, past participle escarnido)
* (transitive or intransitive) to mock; to make fun of [transitive or with de ‘someone’]
    Synonyms: escarnecer, tirar sarro, rir, zoar

#### Related terms

* escárnio