# gxuma
## Xhosa
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-gxuma$^?$
* to jump

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Verb

-gxuma
* to jump

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukugxuma |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukugxuma | ukungagxumi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | gxuma | -gxume |
| Plural | gxumani | -gxumeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyagxuma, ngigxuma | engigxumayo, engigxuma | ngigxuma | angigxumi | engingagxumi | ngingagxumi |
| 2nd singular | uyagxuma, ugxuma | ogxumayo, ogxuma | ugxuma | awugxumi | ongagxumi | ungagxumi |
| 1st plural | siyagxuma, sigxuma | esigxumayo, esigxuma | sigxuma | asigxumi | esingagxumi | singagxumi |
| 2nd plural | niyagxuma, nigxuma | enigxumayo, enigxuma | nigxuma | anigxumi | eningagxumi | ningagxumi |
| Class 1 | uyagxuma, ugxuma | ogxumayo, ogxuma | egxuma | akagxumi | ongagxumi | engagxumi |
| Class 2 | bayagxuma, bagxuma | abagxumayo, abagxuma | begxuma | abagxumi | abangagxumi | bengagxumi |
| Class 3 | uyagxuma, ugxuma | ogxumayo, ogxuma | ugxuma | awugxumi | ongagxumi | ungagxumi |
| Class 4 | iyagxuma, igxuma | egxumayo, egxuma | igxuma | ayigxumi | engagxumi | ingagxumi |
| Class 5 | liyagxuma, ligxuma | eligxumayo, eligxuma | ligxuma | aligxumi | elingagxumi | lingagxumi |
| Class 6 | ayagxuma, agxuma | agxumayo, agxuma | egxuma | awagxumi | angagxumi | engagxumi |
| Class 7 | siyagxuma, sigxuma | esigxumayo, esigxuma | sigxuma | asigxumi | esingagxumi | singagxumi |
| Class 8 | ziyagxuma, zigxuma | ezigxumayo, ezigxuma | zigxuma | azigxumi | ezingagxumi | zingagxumi |
| Class 9 | iyagxuma, igxuma | egxumayo, egxuma | igxuma | ayigxumi | engagxumi | ingagxumi |
| Class 10 | ziyagxuma, zigxuma | ezigxumayo, ezigxuma | zigxuma | azigxumi | ezingagxumi | zingagxumi |
| Class 11 | luyagxuma, lugxuma | olugxumayo, olugxuma | lugxuma | alugxumi | olungagxumi | lungagxumi |
| Class 14 | buyagxuma, bugxuma | obugxumayo, obugxuma | bugxuma | abugxumi | obungagxumi | bungagxumi |
| Class 15 | kuyagxuma, kugxuma | okugxumayo, okugxuma | kugxuma | akugxumi | okungagxumi | kungagxumi |
| Class 17 | kuyagxuma, kugxuma | okugxumayo, okugxuma | kugxuma | akugxumi | okungagxumi | kungagxumi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngigxumile, ngigxumē | engigxumile, engigxumē | ngigxumile, ngigxumē | angigxumanga | engingagxumanga | ngingagxumanga |
| 2nd singular | ugxumile, ugxumē | ogxumile, ogxumē | ugxumile, ugxumē | awugxumanga | ongagxumanga | ungagxumanga |
| 1st plural | sigxumile, sigxumē | esigxumile, esigxumē | sigxumile, sigxumē | asigxumanga | esingagxumanga | singagxumanga |
| 2nd plural | nigxumile, nigxumē | enigxumile, enigxumē | nigxumile, nigxumē | anigxumanga | eningagxumanga | ningagxumanga |
| Class 1 | ugxumile, ugxumē | ogxumile, ogxumē | egxumile, egxumē | akagxumanga | ongagxumanga | engagxumanga |
| Class 2 | bagxumile, bagxumē | abagxumile, abagxumē | begxumile, begxumē | abagxumanga | abangagxumanga | bengagxumanga |
| Class 3 | ugxumile, ugxumē | ogxumile, ogxumē | ugxumile, ugxumē | awugxumanga | ongagxumanga | ungagxumanga |
| Class 4 | igxumile, igxumē | egxumile, egxumē | igxumile, igxumē | ayigxumanga | engagxumanga | ingagxumanga |
| Class 5 | ligxumile, ligxumē | eligxumile, eligxumē | ligxumile, ligxumē | aligxumanga | elingagxumanga | lingagxumanga |
| Class 6 | agxumile, agxumē | agxumile, agxumē | egxumile, egxumē | awagxumanga | angagxumanga | engagxumanga |
| Class 7 | sigxumile, sigxumē | esigxumile, esigxumē | sigxumile, sigxumē | asigxumanga | esingagxumanga | singagxumanga |
| Class 8 | zigxumile, zigxumē | ezigxumile, ezigxumē | zigxumile, zigxumē | azigxumanga | ezingagxumanga | zingagxumanga |
| Class 9 | igxumile, igxumē | egxumile, egxumē | igxumile, igxumē | ayigxumanga | engagxumanga | ingagxumanga |
| Class 10 | zigxumile, zigxumē | ezigxumile, ezigxumē | zigxumile, zigxumē | azigxumanga | ezingagxumanga | zingagxumanga |
| Class 11 | lugxumile, lugxumē | olugxumile, olugxumē | lugxumile, lugxumē | alugxumanga | olungagxumanga | lungagxumanga |
| Class 14 | bugxumile, bugxumē | obugxumile, obugxumē | bugxumile, bugxumē | abugxumanga | obungagxumanga | bungagxumanga |
| Class 15 | kugxumile, kugxumē | okugxumile, okugxumē | kugxumile, kugxumē | akugxumanga | okungagxumanga | kungagxumanga |
| Class 17 | kugxumile, kugxumē | okugxumile, okugxumē | kugxumile, kugxumē | akugxumanga | okungagxumanga | kungagxumanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāgxuma | engāgxuma | ngāgxuma | angigxumanga | engingagxumanga | ngingagxumanga |
| 2nd singular | wāgxuma | owāgxuma | wāgxuma | awugxumanga | ongagxumanga | ungagxumanga |
| 1st plural | sāgxuma | esāgxuma | sāgxuma | asigxumanga | esingagxumanga | singagxumanga |
| 2nd plural | nāgxuma | enāgxuma | nāgxuma | anigxumanga | eningagxumanga | ningagxumanga |
| Class 1 | wāgxuma | owāgxuma | āgxuma | akagxumanga | ongagxumanga | engagxumanga |
| Class 2 | bāgxuma | abāgxuma | bāgxuma | abagxumanga | abangagxumanga | bengagxumanga |
| Class 3 | wāgxuma | owāgxuma | wāgxuma | awugxumanga | ongagxumanga | ungagxumanga |
| Class 4 | yāgxuma | eyāgxuma | yāgxuma | ayigxumanga | engagxumanga | ingagxumanga |
| Class 5 | lāgxuma | elāgxuma | lāgxuma | aligxumanga | elingagxumanga | lingagxumanga |
| Class 6 | āgxuma | āgxuma | āgxuma | awagxumanga | angagxumanga | engagxumanga |
| Class 7 | sāgxuma | esāgxuma | sāgxuma | asigxumanga | esingagxumanga | singagxumanga |
| Class 8 | zāgxuma | ezāgxuma | zāgxuma | azigxumanga | ezingagxumanga | zingagxumanga |
| Class 9 | yāgxuma | eyāgxuma | yāgxuma | ayigxumanga | engagxumanga | ingagxumanga |
| Class 10 | zāgxuma | ezāgxuma | zāgxuma | azigxumanga | ezingagxumanga | zingagxumanga |
| Class 11 | lwāgxuma | olwāgxuma | lwāgxuma | alugxumanga | olungagxumanga | lungagxumanga |
| Class 14 | bāgxuma | obāgxuma | bāgxuma | abugxumanga | obungagxumanga | bungagxumanga |
| Class 15 | kwāgxuma | okwāgxuma | kwāgxuma | akugxumanga | okungagxumanga | kungagxumanga |
| Class 17 | kwāgxuma | okwāgxuma | kwāgxuma | akugxumanga | okungagxumanga | kungagxumanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingagxuma | — | ngingagxuma | ngingegxume | — | ngingegxume |
| 2nd singular | ungagxuma | — | ungagxuma | ungegxume | — | ungegxume |
| 1st plural | singagxuma | — | singagxuma | singegxume | — | singegxume |
| 2nd plural | ningagxuma | — | ningagxuma | ningegxume | — | ningegxume |
| Class 1 | angagxuma | — | engagxuma | angegxume | — | engegxume |
| Class 2 | bangagxuma | — | bengagxuma | bangegxume | — | bengegxume |
| Class 3 | ungagxuma | — | ungagxuma | ungegxume | — | ungegxume |
| Class 4 | ingagxuma | — | ingagxuma | ingegxume | — | ingegxume |
| Class 5 | lingagxuma | — | lingagxuma | lingegxume | — | lingegxume |
| Class 6 | angagxuma | — | engagxuma | angegxume | — | engegxume |
| Class 7 | singagxuma | — | singagxuma | singegxume | — | singegxume |
| Class 8 | zingagxuma | — | zingagxuma | zingegxume | — | zingegxume |
| Class 9 | ingagxuma | — | ingagxuma | ingegxume | — | ingegxume |
| Class 10 | zingagxuma | — | zingagxuma | zingegxume | — | zingegxume |
| Class 11 | lungagxuma | — | lungagxuma | lungegxume | — | lungegxume |
| Class 14 | bungagxuma | — | bungagxuma | bungegxume | — | bungegxume |
| Class 15 | kungagxuma | — | kungagxuma | kungegxume | — | kungegxume |
| Class 17 | kungagxuma | — | kungagxuma | kungegxume | — | kungegxume |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizogxuma | engizogxuma | ngizogxuma | angizugxuma | engingezugxuma | ngingezugxuma |
| 2nd singular | uzogxuma | ozogxuma | uzogxuma | awuzugxuma | ongezugxuma | ungezugxuma |
| 1st plural | sizogxuma | esizogxuma | sizogxuma | asizugxuma | esingezugxuma | singezugxuma |
| 2nd plural | nizogxuma | enizogxuma | nizogxuma | anizugxuma | eningezugxuma | ningezugxuma |
| Class 1 | uzogxuma | ozogxuma | ezogxuma | akazugxuma | ongezugxuma | engezugxuma |
| Class 2 | bazogxuma | abazogxuma | bezogxuma | abazugxuma | abangezugxuma | bengezugxuma |
| Class 3 | uzogxuma | ozogxuma | uzogxuma | awuzugxuma | ongezugxuma | ungezugxuma |
| Class 4 | izogxuma | ezogxuma | izogxuma | ayizugxuma | engezugxuma | ingezugxuma |
| Class 5 | lizogxuma | elizogxuma | lizogxuma | alizugxuma | elingezugxuma | lingezugxuma |
| Class 6 | azogxuma | azogxuma | ezogxuma | awazugxuma | angezugxuma | engezugxuma |
| Class 7 | sizogxuma | esizogxuma | sizogxuma | asizugxuma | esingezugxuma | singezugxuma |
| Class 8 | zizogxuma | ezizogxuma | zizogxuma | azizugxuma | ezingezugxuma | zingezugxuma |
| Class 9 | izogxuma | ezogxuma | izogxuma | ayizugxuma | engezugxuma | ingezugxuma |
| Class 10 | zizogxuma | ezizogxuma | zizogxuma | azizugxuma | ezingezugxuma | zingezugxuma |
| Class 11 | luzogxuma | oluzogxuma | luzogxuma | aluzugxuma | olungezugxuma | lungezugxuma |
| Class 14 | buzogxuma | obuzogxuma | buzogxuma | abuzugxuma | obungezugxuma | bungezugxuma |
| Class 15 | kuzogxuma | okuzogxuma | kuzogxuma | akuzugxuma | okungezugxuma | kungezugxuma |
| Class 17 | kuzogxuma | okuzogxuma | kuzogxuma | akuzugxuma | okungezugxuma | kungezugxuma |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyogxuma | engiyogxuma | ngiyogxuma | angiyugxuma | engingeyugxuma | ngingeyugxuma |
| 2nd singular | uyogxuma | oyogxuma | uyogxuma | awuyugxuma | ongeyugxuma | ungeyugxuma |
| 1st plural | siyogxuma | esiyogxuma | siyogxuma | asiyugxuma | esingeyugxuma | singeyugxuma |
| 2nd plural | niyogxuma | eniyogxuma | niyogxuma | aniyugxuma | eningeyugxuma | ningeyugxuma |
| Class 1 | uyogxuma | oyogxuma | eyogxuma | akayugxuma | ongeyugxuma | engeyugxuma |
| Class 2 | bayogxuma | abayogxuma | beyogxuma | abayugxuma | abangeyugxuma | bengeyugxuma |
| Class 3 | uyogxuma | oyogxuma | uyogxuma | awuyugxuma | ongeyugxuma | ungeyugxuma |
| Class 4 | iyogxuma | eyogxuma | iyogxuma | ayiyugxuma | engeyugxuma | ingeyugxuma |
| Class 5 | liyogxuma | eliyogxuma | liyogxuma | aliyugxuma | elingeyugxuma | lingeyugxuma |
| Class 6 | ayogxuma | ayogxuma | eyogxuma | awayugxuma | angeyugxuma | engeyugxuma |
| Class 7 | siyogxuma | esiyogxuma | siyogxuma | asiyugxuma | esingeyugxuma | singeyugxuma |
| Class 8 | ziyogxuma | eziyogxuma | ziyogxuma | aziyugxuma | ezingeyugxuma | zingeyugxuma |
| Class 9 | iyogxuma | eyogxuma | iyogxuma | ayiyugxuma | engeyugxuma | ingeyugxuma |
| Class 10 | ziyogxuma | eziyogxuma | ziyogxuma | aziyugxuma | ezingeyugxuma | zingeyugxuma |
| Class 11 | luyogxuma | oluyogxuma | luyogxuma | aluyugxuma | olungeyugxuma | lungeyugxuma |
| Class 14 | buyogxuma | obuyogxuma | buyogxuma | abuyugxuma | obungeyugxuma | bungeyugxuma |
| Class 15 | kuyogxuma | okuyogxuma | kuyogxuma | akuyugxuma | okungeyugxuma | kungeyugxuma |
| Class 17 | kuyogxuma | okuyogxuma | kuyogxuma | akuyugxuma | okungeyugxuma | kungeyugxuma |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngigxume | ngingagxumi |
| 2nd singular | ugxume | ungagxumi |
| 1st plural | sigxume | singagxumi |
| 2nd plural | nigxume | ningagxumi |
| Class 1 | agxume | angagxumi |
| Class 2 | bagxume | bangagxumi |
| Class 3 | ugxume | ungagxumi |
| Class 4 | igxume | ingagxumi |
| Class 5 | ligxume | lingagxumi |
| Class 6 | agxume | angagxumi |
| Class 7 | sigxume | singagxumi |
| Class 8 | zigxume | zingagxumi |
| Class 9 | igxume | ingagxumi |
| Class 10 | zigxume | zingagxumi |
| Class 11 | lugxume | lungagxumi |
| Class 14 | bugxume | bungagxumi |
| Class 15 | kugxume | kungagxumi |
| Class 17 | kugxume | kungagxumi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngagxuma | ngangagxuma, angagxuma, angangagxuma |
| 2nd singular | wagxuma | wangagxuma, awagxuma, awangagxuma |
| 1st plural | sagxuma | sangagxuma, asagxuma, asangagxuma |
| 2nd plural | nagxuma | nangagxuma, anagxuma, anangagxuma |
| Class 1 | wagxuma | wangagxuma, akagxuma, akangagxuma |
| Class 2 | bagxuma | bangagxuma, abagxuma, abangagxuma |
| Class 3 | wagxuma | wangagxuma, awagxuma, awangagxuma |
| Class 4 | yagxuma | yangagxuma, ayagxuma, ayangagxuma |
| Class 5 | lagxuma | langagxuma, alagxuma, alangagxuma |
| Class 6 | agxuma | angagxuma, awagxuma, awangagxuma |
| Class 7 | sagxuma | sangagxuma, asagxuma, asangagxuma |
| Class 8 | zagxuma | zangagxuma, azagxuma, azangagxuma |
| Class 9 | yagxuma | yangagxuma, ayagxuma, ayangagxuma |
| Class 10 | zagxuma | zangagxuma, azagxuma, azangagxuma |
| Class 11 | lwagxuma | lwangagxuma, alwagxuma, alwangagxuma |
| Class 14 | bagxuma | bangagxuma, abagxuma, abangagxuma |
| Class 15 | kwagxuma | kwangagxuma, akwagxuma, akwangagxuma |
| Class 17 | kwagxuma | kwangagxuma, akwagxuma, akwangagxuma |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “gxuma”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “gxuma (6.3)”