# 怪物
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): guàiwu, guàiwù
       (Zhuyin): ㄍㄨㄞˋ ˙ㄨ, ㄍㄨㄞˋ ㄨˋ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): гуэвә (guevə, III-I)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): gwaai$^3$ mat$^6$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): koai-vu̍t
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): koài-bu̍t / koài-mn̍gh / koài-mi̍h
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, for non-literary senses, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guàiwu
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄞˋ ˙ㄨ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guàiwů
*** Wade–Giles: kuai$^4$-wu$^5$
*** Yale: gwài-wu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guay.u
*** Palladius: гуайу (guaju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯aɪ̯⁵¹ u¹/
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: guàiwù
*** Zhuyin: ㄍㄨㄞˋ ㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: guàiwù
*** Wade–Giles: kuai$^4$-wu$^4$
*** Yale: gwài-wù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guaywuh
*** Palladius: гуайу (guaju)
*** Sinological IPA : /ku̯aɪ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ u⁵¹/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: гуэвә (guevə, III-I)
*** Sinological IPA : /kuɛ⁴⁴ və²⁴/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gwaai$^3$ mat$^6$
*** Yale: gwaai maht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gwaai$^3$ mat$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: guai$^3$ med$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʷaːi̯³³ mɐt̚²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: koai-vu̍t
*** Hakka Romanization System: guai vud
*** Hagfa Pinyim: guai$^4$ vud$^6$
*** Sinological IPA: /ku̯ai̯⁵⁵ vut̚⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koài-bu̍t
*** Tâi-lô: kuài-bu̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koae'but
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kuai²¹⁻⁵³ but̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kuai²¹⁻⁴¹ but̚⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kuai¹¹⁻⁵³ but̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ but̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuai²¹⁻⁵³ but̚⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koài-mn̍gh
*** Tâi-lô: kuài-mn̍gh
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koaemngh
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kuai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ mŋ̍ʔ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: koài-mi̍h
*** Tâi-lô: kuài-mi̍h
*** Phofsit Daibuun: koaemih
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kuai²¹⁻⁵³ mĩʔ⁴/
* Middle Chinese: kweajH mjut
Rime :
| Character | 怪 | 物 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (34) | 物 (60) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 古壞切 | 文弗切 |
| Baxter | kweajH | mjut |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠuɛi$^H$/ | /mɨut̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kʷᵚæi$^H$/ | /miut̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kuɐi$^H$/ | /miuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kwəɨj$^H$/ | /mut̚/ |
| Li Rong | /kuɛi$^H$/ | /miuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /kwɐi$^H$/ | /mĭuət̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kwăi$^H$/ | /mi̯uət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | guài | wù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gwaai$^3$ | mat$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]ʷˤrə-s C.mut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*kruːds mɯd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 怪 | 物 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | guài | wù |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kwɛj$^H$ › | ‹ mjut › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]ʷˁrə-s/ | /*C.mut/ |
| English | extraordinary | thing |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 怪 | 物 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 7501 | 13218 |
| Phonetic component | 圣 | 勿 |
| Rime group | 隊 | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 怪 | 物 |
| Old Chinese | /*kruːds/ | /*mɯd/ |

### Noun

怪物
* monster
* freak (eccentric person)
* (video games) monster (non-player character that player(s) fight against in role-playing games)
* (chiefly archaic) Used other than figuratively or idiomatically: see 怪 (guài),‎ 物 (wù).
** unusual or extraordinary things; rare creatures
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE
    Shānlín, chuāngǔ, qiūlíng, néng chū yún, wéi fēngyǔ, xiàn guàiwù, jiē yuē shén. [Pinyin]
    Of mountains and forests, streams and valleys, hills and mounds, as long as they are able to issue clouds, occasion wind and rain, and produce rare things, one regards them as (in the domain of the) spiritual.
    From: 793, Han Yu (韓愈). Letter Written during the Hong-Ci Examination (《應科目時與人書》)
    Tiānchí zhī bīn, Dàjiāng zhī fén, yuē yǒu guàiwù yān, gài fēi chánglín fánjiè zhī pǐnhuì pǐchóu yě. [Pinyin]
    By the side of the Heavenly Lake, or the banks of the Great Jiang, it is reputed that an extraordinary being exists, which perhaps is unlike the sorts of common fishes or shelled creatures.

#### Synonyms

* (monster):
* 凶煞 (xiōngshà) (literally or figuratively)
* 凶神 (xiōngshén) (literally or figuratively)
* 妖 (yāo)
* 妖孽 (yāoniè)
* 妖怪 (yāoguài)
* 妖物 (yāowù)
* 妖精 (yāojīng)
* 妖鬼 (yāoguǐ)
* 妖魔 (yāomó)
* 孽 (niè) (literary, or in compounds)
* 惡魔／恶魔 (èmó) (literally or figuratively)
* 煞 (Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 煞神 (shàshén) (literary, literally or figuratively)
* 精怪 (jīngguài)
* 精靈／精灵 (jīnglíng)
* 邪魔 (xiémó)
* 魔 (mó) (literary, or in compounds)
* 魔障 (mózhàng) (Buddhism)
* 魔鬼 (móguǐ) (literally or figuratively)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 怪 | 物 |
| かい Grade: S | ぶつ Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) かいぶつ [kàíbútsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ka̠ibɯ̟t͡sɨ]

### Noun

怪(かい)物(ぶつ) • (kaibutsu)
* a monster
    Synonyms: 化け物 (bakemono), モンスター (monsutā)
** 1999 February 4, “バビロン [Babylon]”, in Vol.1, Konami:
    一(ひと)つ目(め)の巨(きょ)大(だい)な怪(かい)物(ぶつ)。目(め)玉(だま)からビームを発(はっ)射(しゃ)して攻(こう)撃(げき)する。
       Hitotsu me no kyodai na kaibutsu. Medama kara bīmu o hassha shite kōgeki suru.
       A giant one-eyed monster who attacks by firing beams out of his eyeball.
** 1999 December 1, “ミノタウルス [Minotaurus]”, in BOOSTER 6, Konami:
    すごい力(ちから)を持(も)つウシの怪(かい)物(ぶつ)。オノひと振(ふ)りで何(なに)でもなぎ倒(たお)す。
       Sugoi chikara o motsu ushi no kaibutsu. Ono hitofuri de nani demo nagitaosu.
       A bovine monster with tremendous power who chops up anyone in his way with one ax swing.
* a mysterious figure

### References

* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 怪 | 物 |

### Noun

怪物 • (goemul) (hangeul 괴물)
* hanja form of 괴물 (“monster”)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 怪 | 物 |

### Noun

怪物
* chữ Hán form of quái vật (“monster”).