# 後悔
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): hòuhuǐ
       (Zhuyin): ㄏㄡˋ ㄏㄨㄟˇ
    (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): хухуэй (huhuey, III-II)
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hau$^6$ fui$^3$
* Gan (Wiktionary): heu$^5$ fii$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): heu-fí / heu-fî
* Jin (Wiktionary): hou$^3$ hui$^2$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hō͘-hóe / hiǒ-hóe / hiō-hóe / āu-hóe
    (Teochew, Peng'im): ao$^6$ huê$^3$
* Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): hou$^5$ fei$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: hòuhuǐ
*** Zhuyin: ㄏㄡˋ ㄏㄨㄟˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: hòuhuěi
*** Wade–Giles: hou$^4$-hui$^3$
*** Yale: hòu-hwěi
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: howhoei
*** Palladius: хоухуэй (xouxuej)
*** Sinological IPA : /xoʊ̯⁵¹ xu̯eɪ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
** (Dungan)
*** Cyrillic and Wiktionary: хухуэй (huhuey, III-II)
*** Sinological IPA : /xou⁴⁴ xuɛi⁵¹/
    (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hau$^6$ fui$^3$
*** Yale: hauh fui
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hau$^6$ fui$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: heo$^6$ fui$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɐu̯²² fuːi̯³³/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: heu$^5$ fii$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hɛu¹¹ fɨi²¹³/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: heu-fí
*** Hakka Romanization System: heu fi$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: heu$^4$ fi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA: /heu̯⁵⁵ fi³¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: heu-fí / heu-fî
*** Hakka Romanization System: heu fi$^ˋ$ / heu fi$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: heu$^4$ fi$^3$ / heu$^4$ fi$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /heu̯⁵⁵ fi³¹/, /heu̯⁵⁵ fi²⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: hou$^3$ hui$^2$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /xəu⁴⁵ xuei⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hō͘-hóe
*** Tâi-lô: hōo-hué
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoxhoea
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔ³³⁻¹¹ hue⁵³/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔ³³⁻²¹ hue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔ²²⁻²¹ hue⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Philippines, Jinjiang)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiǒ-hóe
*** Tâi-lô: hiǒ-hué
*** IPA (Philippines, Jinjiang): /hio³³⁻²² hue⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hio²² hue⁵⁵⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiō-hóe
*** Tâi-lô: hiō-hué
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hioixhoea
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɤ³³⁻²¹ hue⁴¹/
*** IPA (Singapore): /hio²²⁻²¹ hue⁴²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hio³³⁻¹¹ hue⁵³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: āu-hóe
*** Tâi-lô: āu-hué
*** Phofsit Daibuun: auxhoea
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /au²²⁻²¹ hue⁵³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: ao$^6$ huê$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ău huè
*** Sinological IPA : /au³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/
* Xiang
** (Changsha)
*** Wiktionary: hou$^5$ fei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /xəu̯²¹⁻¹¹ ɸe̞i̯⁴¹/

### Verb

後悔
* to regret
       Yàoshi xiànzài bù nǔlì dehuà, jiānglái huì hòuhuǐ de. [Pinyin]
       If you don't work hard now you'll regret it later on.
       Tā hěn hòuhuǐ dāngchū méiyǒu xuéhǎo Yīngyǔ. [Pinyin]
       She regrets not learning English well from the outset.

#### Synonyms

* 嗟悔 (jiēhuǐ) (literary, to sigh in regret)
* 悔 (huǐ) (literary, or in compounds)
* 懊恨 (àohèn) (literary)
* 懊悔 (àohuǐ) (literary)
* 追悔 (zhuīhuǐ)
* 遺憾／遗憾 (yíhàn)
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 後悔, 懊悔 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 後悔 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 後悔 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 後悔 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 後悔 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 後悔 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 悔, 後悔 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 後悔 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 後悔 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 後悔 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 失悔, 打失悔, 後悔 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 失悔 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 拍大腿 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 後悔 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 懊悔 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 懊悔 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 後悔 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 後悔 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 後悔 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 疏, 後悔 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 後悔, 悔 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 後悔 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 倒悔 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 後悔 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 後悔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 後悔 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 後悔 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 後悔 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 後悔 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 後悔 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 後悔 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 發悔 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 悔氣 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 退悔 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 後悔, 反悔 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 後悔 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 後悔 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 後悔, 反悔 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 後悔 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 想往 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 怨悔 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 懊憦 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 懊憦 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 懊憦, 懊門痛 |
| Wu | Danyang | 懊憦 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 悔 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 悔, 打悔心, 後悔 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 後悔, 失悔 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 悔想 |

#### Derived terms

* 後悔莫及／后悔莫及 (hòuhuǐmòjí)
* 後悔藥／后悔药 (hòuhuǐyào)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 後 | 悔 |
| こう Grade: 2 | かい Grade: S |
| kan'on ||
* Alternative spelling
* 後悔 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) こーかい [kóꜜòkàì] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ko̞ːka̠i]

### Noun

後(こう)悔(かい) • (kōkai)
* regret
    Synonym: 悔い (kui)
    後(こう)悔(かい)のない人(じん)生(せい)
       kōkai no nai jinsei
       life without regret

#### Derived terms

* 後(こう)悔(かい)先(さき)に立(た)たず (kōkai saki ni tatazu)

### Verb

後(こう)悔(かい)する • (kōkai suru) transitive suru (stem 後(こう)悔(かい)し (kōkai shi), past 後(こう)悔(かい)した (kōkai shita))
* to regret
    Synonym: 悔しむ (kuyashimu)
    後(こう)悔(かい)しないように
       kōkaishinai yō ni
       in such a way that there are no regrets

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 後悔し | こうかいし | kōkai shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 後悔し | こうかいし | kōkai shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 後悔する | こうかいする | kōkai suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 後悔する | こうかいする | kōkai suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 後悔すれ | こうかいすれ | kōkai sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 後悔せよ¹ 後悔しろ² | こうかいせよ¹ こうかいしろ² | kōkai seyo¹ kōkai shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 後悔される | こうかいされる | kōkai sareru |
| Causative | 後悔させる 後悔さす | こうかいさせる こうかいさす | kōkai saseru kōkai sasu |
| Potential | 後悔できる | こうかいできる | kōkai dekiru |
| Volitional | 後悔しよう | こうかいしよう | kōkai shiyō |
| Negative | 後悔しない | こうかいしない | kōkai shinai |
| Negative continuative | 後悔せず | こうかいせず | kōkai sezu |
| Formal | 後悔します | こうかいします | kōkai shimasu |
| Perfective | 後悔した | こうかいした | kōkai shita |
| Conjunctive | 後悔して | こうかいして | kōkai shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 後悔すれば | こうかいすれば | kōkai sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 後 | 悔 |

### Noun

後悔 • (huhoe) (hangeul 후회)
* hanja form of 후회 (“regret”)