# 操心
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cāoxīn
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄠ ㄒㄧㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cou$^1$ sam$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhâu-sîm
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhau-sim / chho͘-sim / chho-sim
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cāoxīn
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄠ ㄒㄧㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: caosin
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻao$^1$-hsin$^1$
*** Yale: tsāu-syīn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsaushin
*** Palladius: цаосинь (caosinʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑʊ̯⁵⁵ ɕin⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cou$^1$ sam$^1$
*** Yale: chōu sām
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsou$^1$ sam$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cou$^1$ sem$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰou̯⁵⁵ sɐm⁵⁵/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$操心 粗心
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhâu-sîm
*** Hakka Romanization System: cau$^ˊ$ xim$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cau$^1$ xim$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰau̯²⁴⁻¹¹ sim²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhau-sim
*** Tâi-lô: tshau-sim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhausym
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰau⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰau³³ sim³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰau⁴⁴⁻³³ sim⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chho͘-sim
*** Tâi-lô: tshoo-sim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhosym
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔ³³ sim³³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chho-sim
*** Tâi-lô: tsho-sim
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhoisym
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰo⁴⁴⁻²² sim⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tshaw sim
Rime :
| Character | 操 | 心 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 豪 (89) | 侵 (139) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 七刀切 | 息林切 |
| Baxter | tshaw | sim |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑu/ | /siɪm/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑu/ | /sim/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑu/ | /sjem/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰaw/ | /sim/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑu/ | /siəm/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑu/ | /sĭĕm/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑu/ | /si̯əm/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cāo | xīn |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cou$^1$ | sam$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤawʔ səm/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːw slɯm/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 操 | 心 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cāo | xīn |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshaw$^X$ › | ‹ sim › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁawʔ/ | /*səm/ |
| English | grasp (v.) | heart |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 操 | 心 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 16571 | 13801 |
| Phonetic component | 喿 | 心 |
| Rime group | 宵 | 侵 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 操 | 心 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰaːw/ | /*slɯm/ |

### Verb

操⫽心 (verb-object)
* (intransitive) to worry; to be concerned
    愛操心／爱操心 ― àicāoxīn ― to be prone to worrying
    為家事操碎了心／为家事操碎了心 ― wèi jiāshì cāo suì le xīn ― to worry about family matters too much
    別操這些心啦。／别操这些心啦。 ― Bié cāo zhèxiē xīn la. ― Don't worry about that.
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Dú gūchén nièzǐ, qí cāoxīn yě wēi, qí lǜhuàn yě shēn, gù dá. [Pinyin]
    They are the friendless minister and concubine's son, who keep their hearts under a sense of peril, and use deep precautions against calamity. On this account they become distinguished for their intelligence.
操心
* (transitive) to worry about; to be concerned about
    操心家事 ― cāoxīn jiāshì ― to worry about family matters

#### Synonyms

* (Hokkien) 憋腹
* (Wu) 操心思

#### Descendants

* ⇒ White Hmong: txhawj (“worry”), txhawj siab (“worry”)

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 操 | 心 |

### Noun

操心 • (josim) (hangeul 조심)
* hanja form of 조심 (“caution; care”)