# 一等
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yīděng
    (Zhuyin): ㄧ ㄉㄥˇ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jat$^1$ dang$^2$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): it-téng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yīděng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧ ㄉㄥˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yiděng
*** Wade–Giles: i$^1$-têng$^3$
*** Yale: yī-děng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ideeng
*** Palladius: идэн (idɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /i⁵⁵ tɤŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jat$^1$ dang$^2$
*** Yale: yāt dáng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jat$^7$ dang$^2$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yed$^1$ deng$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐt̚⁵ tɐŋ³⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: it-téng
*** Tâi-lô: it-tíng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: itdeang
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /it̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /it̚³²⁻⁴ tiɪŋ⁵³/

### Adjective

一等
* (attributive) first-class; first-rate; top; the best

#### Derived terms

* 一等洋人二等官，三等少民四等漢／一等洋人二等官，三等少民四等汉 (yīděng yángrén èrděng guān, sānděng shǎomín sìděng Hàn)
* 一等獎／一等奖 (yīděngjiǎng)
* 一等艙／一等舱

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 一 | 等 |
| いち > いっ Grade: 1 | とう Grade: 3 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) いっとー [ìttóó] (Heiban – [0])
* (Tokyo) いっとー [ìttóꜜò] (Nakadaka – [3])
* IPA: [it̚to̞ː]

### Noun

一(いっ)等(とう) • (ittō)
* first-class, first-rate, top, the best

#### Descendants

* → Min Nan: 一度 (it-tó͘, it-tó)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 一 | 等 |

### Noun

一等 • (ildeung) (hangeul 일등)
* hanja form of 일등 (“first place”)

## Old Korean
### Alternative forms

* 一等隱 (form with more phonograms)
* 一隱 (form marking coda consonant only)

### Etymology

Sometimes connected to Middle Korean ᄀᆞᆮ (kot, “as, like”, particle). The relationship to Middle Korean ᄒᆞ낳 (hònàh, “one”) is not clear. May be related to Baekje 伽第𢀳 (*gadəp, “one”).
Alexander Vovin (2010) asserts that Japanese 片 (kata) is "certainly a Korean loanword" from this word. However, Vovin's source for the Koreanic term is a document that is over 500 years newer than the first Japonic mention; it would have to be an earlier borrowing into Japanese.

### Numeral

一等 (*HAton(h) or *HOton(h))
* one
** 1281 [c. 750], 月明師 (Wolmyeongsa), “祭亡妹歌 (Jemangmae-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:一等隱枝良出古even though they sprout on a single branch
** 1281 [c. 760], 希明 (Huimyeong), “禱千手觀音歌 (Docheonsugwaneum-ga)”, in 三國遺事 (Samguk Yusa) [Memorabilia of the Three Kingdoms]:一等下叱放一等肹除惡攴put just about one, and take [another] one

#### Reconstruction notes

The twelfth-century wordlist Jilin leishi transcribes this word, with no transparent Middle Korean reflex, with the Chinese characters 河屯. As the reconstructed Song dynasty pronunciation of these characters is *ɦɑ tʰuən, the numeral is conventionally reconstructed as *HAton or *HOton, the latter in order to enable a connection to Middle Korean ᄒᆞ낳 (hònàh, “one”) and Middle Korean ᄒᆞᄅᆞ (hòlò, “one day”).
The c. 760 poem Docheonsugwaneum-ga appears to write the locative particle *-a as 下 (*-ha) instead of the expected 良 (*-a) when following 一等, suggesting that an additional consonant, probably *h, may have followed the final nasal.

#### Descendants

* >? Middle Korean: ᄒᆞ낳 (hònàh)
** Early Modern Korean: ᄒᆞ낳 (honah), ᄒᆞ나 (hona)
*** Korean: 하나 (hana)
** Jeju: ᄒᆞ나 (hawna)
* ⇒ Middle Korean: ᄒᆞᄅᆞ (hòlò, “one day”)
** Korean: 하루 (haru, “one day”)
* ⇒ Korean: 하릅 (hareup, “one-year-old animal”)

### References

* 조규태 [jogyutae] (2006) “한국어 수사의 어원과 어형 변화에 대하여 [han'gugeo susaui eowon'gwa eohyeong byeonhwa'e daehayeo, On the etymologies and changes of Korean numerals]”, in Eomunhak, volume 94, pages 81—117
* 박지용 外 (Park Ji-yong et al.) (2012) 향가 해독 자료집 [hyangga haedok jaryojip, A Sourcebook of Hyangga Interpretations], Seoul National University, pages 92, 145
* 남풍현 (Nam Pung-hyun) (2017) “도천수관음가의 새로운 해독 [docheonsugwaneumgaui saeroun haedok, A new reading of the Docheonsugwaneum-ga]”, in Gugyeol Yeon'gu, volume 45, pages 7–29
* 이승재 (Lee Seung-jae) (2017) 木簡에 기록된 古代 韓國語 [The Old Korean Language Inscribed on Wooden Tablets], Iljogag
* ↑ Vovin, Alexander (2010) Koreo-Japonica: A Re-Evaluation of a Common Genetic Origin, University of Hawai’i Press, →ISBN, →JSTOR