# 檸

| 檸 | U+6AB8, &#27320; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6AB8 |
| ← 檷 [U+6AB7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 檹 → [U+6AB9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

檸 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+14, 18 strokes, cangjie input 木十心弓 (DJPN), four-corner 4392$_1$, composition ⿰木寧)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 558, character 44
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15742
* Dae Jaweon: page 948, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1311, character 2
* Unihan data for U+6AB8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 濘 | *neːs, *neːŋʔ, *neːŋs |
| 獰 | *rnaːŋ |
| 檸 | *rnaːŋʔ |
| 儜 | *rneːŋ |
| 薴 | *rneːŋ |
| 鬡 | *rneːŋ |
| 鑏 | *rneːŋ |
| 嬣 | *rneːŋ |
| 寍 | *neːŋ |
| 寗 | *neːŋs |
| 甯 | *neːŋs |
| 寧 | *neːŋ |
| 鸋 | *neːŋ, *neːŋs |
| 嚀 | *neːŋ |
| 聹 | *neːŋ, *neːŋʔ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *rnaːŋʔ) : semantic 木 + phonetic 寧 (OC *neːŋ).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): níng (ning$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄧㄥˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): ning$^4$ / ning$^{4-2}$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): nen$^3$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): lê
    (Meixian, Guangdong): nên$^2$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ning$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): nìng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): lêng / lê
    (Teochew, Peng'im): lêng$^5$ / lam$^5$ / nam$^5$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^6$gnin / $^2$gnin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: níng
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄧㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: níng
*** Wade–Giles: ning$^2$
*** Yale: níng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ning
*** Palladius: нин (nin)
*** Sinological IPA : /niŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ning$^4$ / ning$^{4-2}$
*** Yale: nìhng / níng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ning$^4$ / ning$^{4-2}$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ning$^4$ / ning$^{4-2}$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɪŋ²¹/, /nɪŋ²¹⁻³⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: nen$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ⁿden²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: lê
*** Hakka Romanization System: le$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: le$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /le²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: nên$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /nɛn¹¹/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ning$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /nĩŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: nìng
*** Sinological IPA : /nˡiŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, dated in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lêng
*** Tâi-lô: lîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: leeng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /liɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Taipei): /liɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /liɪŋ¹³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lê
*** Tâi-lô: lê
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lee
*** IPA (Taipei): /le²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /le²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: lêng$^5$ / lam$^5$ / nam$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: lêng / lâm / nâm
*** Sinological IPA : /leŋ⁵⁵/, /lam⁵⁵/, /nam⁵⁵/
* lêng5 - literary;
* lam5/nam5 - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: nraengX
Rime :
| Character | 檸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 娘 (12) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (109) |
| Tone (調) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | II |
| Fanqie | 拏梗切 |
| Baxter | nraengX |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɳˠæŋ$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɳᵚaŋ$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /naŋ$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɳaɨjŋ$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /nɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /nɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /nɐŋ$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | něng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | nang$^5$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*rnaːŋʔ/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 檸 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9547 |
| Phonetic component | 寧 |
| Rime group | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 檸 |
| Old Chinese | /*rnaːŋʔ/ |

#### Definitions

檸
* Only used in 檸檬／柠檬 (níngméng); also used as its short form.

#### Compounds

* 檸七／柠七 (níngqī)
* 檸樂／柠乐 (nínglè)
* 檸檬／柠檬 (níngméng, “lemon”)
* 檸檬素／柠檬素
* 檸檬酸／柠檬酸 (níngméngsuān)
* 檸水／柠水
* 檸茶／柠茶 (níngchá)
* 檸蜜／柠蜜
* 青檸／青柠 (qīngníng)

### Etymology 2

Contracted form of 吶亨／呐亨.

#### Pronunciation

* Wu (Suzhou, Wugniu): $^6$nan
* Wu
** (Northern: Suzhou)
*** Wugniu: $^6$nan
*** MiniDict: nan$^去$
*** Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /nã²³¹/

#### Definitions

檸
* (Suzhounese) how

### References

* “檸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: にょう (nyō)
* Kan-on: のう (nō)
* Kan’yō-on: ねい (nei)

#### Compounds

* 檸檬(レモン) (remon, “lemon”)

## Korean
### Hanja

檸 (eumhun 레몬 (lemon) 녕 (remon ( lemon ) nyeong), word-initial (South Korea) 레몬 (lemon) 영 (remon ( lemon ) yeong))
* hanja form of 녕 (“lemon”)

#### Compounds

* 영몽 (檸檬, yeongmong, “lemon”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

檸: Hán Nôm readings: nịnh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.