# 養成
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yǎngchéng
    (Zhuyin): ㄧㄤˇ ㄔㄥˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): joeng$^5$ sing$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yông-sṳ̀n
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): ióng-sêng / iáng-sêng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): iang$^2$ sêng$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yǎngchéng
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄤˇ ㄔㄥˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yǎngchéng
*** Wade–Giles: yang$^3$-chʻêng$^2$
*** Yale: yǎng-chéng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeangcherng
*** Palladius: янчэн (jančɛn)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰɤŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: joeng$^5$ sing$^4$
*** Yale: yéuhng sìhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: joeng$^5$ sing$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yêng$^5$ xing$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jœːŋ¹³ sɪŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông-sṳ̀n
*** Hakka Romanization System: iong$^ˊ$ siin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yong$^1$ sin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /i̯oŋ²⁴ sɨn¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yông-sṳ̀n
*** Hakka Romanization System: (r)iong$^ˊ$ siin$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: yong$^1$ sin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯oŋ²⁴ sɨn¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng-sêng
*** Tâi-lô: ióng-sîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iofngseeng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /iɔŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ siɪŋ²⁴/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iáng-sêng
*** Tâi-lô: iáng-sîng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iafngseeng
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iaŋ⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iaŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ siɪŋ¹³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: iang$^2$ sêng$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iáng sêng
*** Sinological IPA : /iaŋ⁵²⁻³⁵ seŋ⁵⁵/

### Verb

養成
* (transitive) to form; to cultivate
    養成習慣／养成习惯 ― yǎngchéng xíguàn ― to form a habit
    From: 2006, 史蒂夫﹒希弗瑞斯, 互聯網是如何改變商業的
    Xǔduō rén yǐjīng yǎngchéng xíguàn, zài gòumǎi shāngpǐn zhīqián zài wǎngluò shàng héchá chǎnpǐn, jiàgé yǐjí shénme dìfāng kěyǐ mǎi dào. [Pinyin]
    Many people have got into the habit of checking out the prices of goods and where to get them online before making a purchase.

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 養 | 成 |
| よう Grade: 4 | せい Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) よーせー [yòóséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [jo̞ːse̞ː]

### Noun

養(よう)成(せい) • (yōsei)
* training

### Verb

養(よう)成(せい)する • (yōsei suru) transitive suru (stem 養(よう)成(せい)し (yōsei shi), past 養(よう)成(せい)した (yōsei shita))
* to train

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 養成し | ようせいし | yōsei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 養成し | ようせいし | yōsei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 養成する | ようせいする | yōsei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 養成する | ようせいする | yōsei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 養成すれ | ようせいすれ | yōsei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 養成せよ¹ 養成しろ² | ようせいせよ¹ ようせいしろ² | yōsei seyo¹ yōsei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 養成される | ようせいされる | yōsei sareru |
| Causative | 養成させる 養成さす | ようせいさせる ようせいさす | yōsei saseru yōsei sasu |
| Potential | 養成できる | ようせいできる | yōsei dekiru |
| Volitional | 養成しよう | ようせいしよう | yōsei shiyō |
| Negative | 養成しない | ようせいしない | yōsei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 養成せず | ようせいせず | yōsei sezu |
| Formal | 養成します | ようせいします | yōsei shimasu |
| Perfective | 養成した | ようせいした | yōsei shita |
| Conjunctive | 養成して | ようせいして | yōsei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 養成すれば | ようせいすれば | yōsei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 養 | 成 |

### Noun

養成 • (yangseong) (hangeul 양성)
* hanja form of 양성