# 訥

| 訥 | U+8A25, &#35365; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8A25 |
| ← 訤 [U+8A24] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 訦 → [U+8A26] |

## Translingual
### Han character

訥 (Kangxi radical 149, 言+4, 11 strokes, cangjie input 卜口人月 (YROB), four-corner 0462$_7$, composition ⿰訁內)
* slow of speech
* mumble
* stammer

#### Derived characters

* 𠽆, 𱟄, 𭅾, 𭋚, 𦄠, 𤹽

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1150, character 9
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 35274
* Dae Jaweon: page 1617, character 7
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 3946, character 4
* Unihan data for U+8A25

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 妠 | *nuːms, *nuːb, *rnoːd |
| 內 | *nuːbs |
| 笍 | *tnobs, *njobs |
| 芮 | *njobs |
| 枘 | *njobs |
| 汭 | *njobs |
| 鈉 | *njobs |
| 蜹 | *njobs, *lobs, *njod |
| 抐 | *nuːns, *nuːd |
| 納 | *nuːb |
| 衲 | *nuːb |
| 魶 | *nuːb, *noːb |
| 軜 | *nuːb |
| 蒳 | *nuːb |
| 豽 | *rnuːd |
| 肭 | *rnuːd, *nuːd, *nuɡ |
| 吶 | *nod |
| 焫 | *njod |
| 訥 | *nuːd |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *nuːd) and ideogrammic compound (會意／会意) : semantic 言 (“speech”) + phonetic 內 (OC *nuːbs, “inside”)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): nè, nà (ne$^4$, na$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄋㄜˋ, ㄋㄚˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): neot$^6$ / nat$^6$ / naap$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): lu̍t
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^8$neq
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nè
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nè
*** Wade–Giles: nê$^4$
*** Yale: nè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: neh
*** Palladius: нэ (nɛ)
*** Sinological IPA : /nɤ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, variant)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: nà
*** Zhuyin: ㄋㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: nà
*** Wade–Giles: na$^4$
*** Yale: nà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: nah
*** Palladius: на (na)
*** Sinological IPA : /nä⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: neot$^6$ / nat$^6$ / naap$^6$
*** Yale: neuht / naht / naahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: noet$^9$ / nat$^9$ / naap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: nêd$^6$ / ned$^6$ / nab$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /nɵt̚²/, /nɐt̚²/, /naːp̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: lu̍t
*** Tâi-lô: lu̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: lut
*** IPA (Xiamen): /lut̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /lut̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /lut̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /lut̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /lut̚⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^8$neq
*** MiniDict: neh$^入$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^5$neq
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /nəʔ¹²/
* Middle Chinese: nwot
Rime :
| Character | 訥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 泥 (8) |
| Final (韻) | 沒 (56) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 内骨切 |
| Baxter | nwot |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /nuət̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /nuot̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /nuət̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /nwət̚/ |
| Li Rong | /nuət̚/ |
| Wang Li | /nuət̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /nuət̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | nù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | neot$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*nˤut/
    (Zhengzhang): /*nuːd/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 訥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | nè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ nwot › |
| Old Chinese | /*nˁut/ |
| English | slow of speech |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 訥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 9404 |
| Phonetic component | 內 |
| Rime group | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | |
| Old Chinese | /*nuːd/ |

### Definitions

訥
* slow of speech; speaking in a clumsy manner
    From: Tao Te Ching, 4th century BCE
    Dà zhí ruò qū, dà qiǎo ruò zhuō, dà biàn ruò nè. [Pinyin]
    The very straight seems bent, the skillful seems stupid, the most rhetorical seems clumsily expressed.
* taciturn; speaking little

### Usage notes

* Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) proscribes the use of the pronunciation nà.

### Compounds

* 剛毅木訥／刚毅木讷
* 口訥／口讷
* 大辯若訥／大辩若讷
* 木訥／木讷 (mùnè)
* 木訥無言／木讷无言
* 樸訥／朴讷
* 樸訥誠篤／朴讷诚笃
* 澀訥／涩讷
* 訥口／讷口
* 訥會／讷会 (nèhuì)
* 訥澀／讷涩

### References

* “訥”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* Go-on: のち (nochi)
* Kan-on: どつ (dotsu)
* Kan’yō-on: とつ (totsu)
* Kun: どもる (domoru, 訥る)

## Korean
### Etymology

From Middle Chinese 訥 (MC nwot). Recorded as Middle Korean 눌 (nwul) (Yale: nwul) in Hunmong Jahoe (訓蒙字會 / 훈몽자회), 1527.

### Hanja

Wikisource 訥 (eumhun 말 더듬을 눌 (mal deodeumeul nul))
* hanja form of 눌 (“mumble; stammer”)

#### Compounds

* 어눌 (語訥, eonul)

### References

* 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典.

## Middle Mongol

| Mongolian | ʼPhags-pa | Hanzi |
| ᠤ | ꡟ | 訥 |

### Suffix

訥 (-u)
* Hanzi form of ᠤ (-u).

## Vietnamese
### Han character

訥: Hán Nôm readings: nột, dốt, nói, nốt, nuốt
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.