# 妨

| 妨 | U+59A8, &#22952; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59A8 |
| ← 妧 [U+59A7] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 妩 → [U+59A9] |

## Translingual
### Han character

妨 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 女卜竹尸 (VYHS), four-corner 4042$_7$, composition ⿰女方)

#### Derived characters

* 𬜹

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 257, character 10
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6111
* Dae Jaweon: page 522, character 4
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1033, character 4
* Unihan data for U+59A8

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 縍 | *paːŋ |
| 榜 | *paːŋʔ, *praːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 蒡 | *paːŋʔ, *braːŋ |
| 牓 | *paːŋʔ |
| 螃 | *paːŋʔ, *paːŋs, *baːŋ |
| 搒 | *paːŋs, *braːŋ |
| 舫 | *paːŋs, *paŋs |
| 謗 | *paːŋs |
| 雱 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 磅 | *pʰaːŋ, *pʰraːŋ |
| 霶 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 滂 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 鎊 | *pʰaːŋ |
| 髈 | *pʰaːŋʔ, *baːŋ |
| 彷 | *baːŋ, *pʰaŋʔ |
| 趽 | *baːŋ, *paŋ, *paŋs |
| 房 | *baːŋ, *baŋ |
| 篣 | *baːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 騯 | *baːŋ, *praːŋ, *braːŋ |
| 傍 | *baːŋ, *baːŋs |
| 膀 | *baːŋ |
| 旁 | *baːŋ |
| 徬 | *baːŋs |
| 閍 | *praːŋ |
| 祊 | *praːŋ |
| 嗙 | *praːŋ |
| 方 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 汸 | *paŋ |
| 坊 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 邡 | *paŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 枋 | *paŋ |
| 鈁 | *paŋ |
| 蚄 | *paŋ |
| 肪 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 鴋 | *paŋ, *baŋ |
| 牥 | *paŋ |
| 昉 | *paŋʔ |
| 瓬 | *paŋʔ |
| 放 | *paŋʔ, *paŋs |
| 倣 | *paŋʔ |
| 芳 | *pʰaŋ |
| 淓 | *pʰaŋ |
| 妨 | *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs |
| 紡 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 仿 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 髣 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 鶭 | *pʰaŋʔ |
| 訪 | *pʰaŋs |
| 防 | *baŋ, *baŋs |
| 魴 | *baŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *pʰaŋ, *pʰaŋs) : semantic 女 + phonetic 方 (OC *paŋ, *baŋ). 方 also once bore the now-obsolete meaning of "take up" (space), which can explain the meaning of this character as being "to obstruct someone from approaching a woman".

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): fáng (fang$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄈㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): fong$^4$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): fòng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): fong$^2$
* Eastern Min (BUC): huòng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hóng / hông / hong
    (Teochew, Peng'im): huang$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: fáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄈㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: fáng
*** Wade–Giles: fang$^2$
*** Yale: fáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: farng
*** Palladius: фан (fan)
*** Sinological IPA : /fɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: fong$^4$
*** Yale: fòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: fong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: fong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /fɔːŋ²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: fòng
*** Hakka Romanization System: fong$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: fong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /foŋ¹¹/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: fong$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /fɔŋ¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: huòng
*** Sinological IPA : /huoŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hóng
*** Tâi-lô: hóng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: horng
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /hɔŋ⁵³/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hông
*** Tâi-lô: hông
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hoong
*** IPA (Taipei): /hɔŋ²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hɔŋ²³/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hong
*** Tâi-lô: hong
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hofng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hɔŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: huang$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: huâng
*** Sinological IPA : /huaŋ⁵⁵/
* Middle Chinese: phjang, phjangH
Rime :
| Character | 妨 | 妨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 滂 (2) | 滂 (2) |
| Final (韻) | 陽 (106) | 陽 (106) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 敷方切 | 敷亮切 |
| Baxter | phjang | phjangH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pʰʉɐŋ/ | /pʰʉɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /pʰʷiɐŋ/ | /pʰʷiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /pʰiuɑŋ/ | /pʰiuɑŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /pʰuaŋ/ | /pʰuaŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /pʰiuaŋ/ | /pʰiuaŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /pʰĭwaŋ/ | /pʰĭwaŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pʰiwaŋ/ | /pʰiwaŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fāng | fàng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fong$^1$ | fong$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pʰaŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pʰaŋ/, /*pʰaŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 妨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | fáng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ phjang › |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰaŋ/ |
| English | oppose |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 妨 | 妨 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 3043 | 3050 |
| Phonetic component | 方 | 方 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 芳 | 訪 |
| Old Chinese | /*pʰaŋ/ | /*pʰaŋs/ |

### Definitions

妨
* to hinder; to impede; to obstruct; to disturb
* (often in the negative) to harm; to damage

### Compounds

* 不妨 (bùfáng)
* 不妨事
* 不妨頭／不妨头
* 不相妨礙／不相妨碍
* 何妨
* 利己妨人
* 好事多妨
* 妨功害能
* 妨害 (fánghài)
* 妨害治安
* 妨害自由
* 妨害風化／妨害风化
* 妨止
* 妨殺／妨杀
* 妨礙／妨碍 (fáng'ài)
* 才廣妨身／才广妨身
* 望門妨／望门妨
* 無妨／无妨 (wúfáng)

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Jōyō kanji)
* disturb

#### Readings

* Go-on: ほう (hō)
* Kan-on: ほう (hō)
* Kan’yō-on: ぼう (bō, Jōyō)
* Kun: さまたげる (samatageru, 妨げる, Jōyō)

## Korean
### Hanja

妨 (eumhun 방해할 방 (banghaehal bang))
* hanja form of 방 (“interfere with, impede, obstruct”)

## Vietnamese
### Han character

妨: Hán Nôm readings: phòng, phương
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation