# 堤防
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dīfáng, tífáng
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄧ ㄈㄤˊ, ㄊㄧˊ ㄈㄤˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tai$^4$ fong$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dīfáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄧ ㄈㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: difáng
*** Wade–Giles: ti$^1$-fang$^2$
*** Yale: dī-fáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: difarng
*** Palladius: дифан (difan)
*** Sinological IPA : /ti⁵⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$堤防 提防
** (Standard Chinese, standard in Taiwan; variant in Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tífáng
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄧˊ ㄈㄤˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tífáng
*** Wade–Giles: tʻi$^2$-fang$^2$
*** Yale: tí-fáng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tyifarng
*** Palladius: тифан (tifan)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰi³⁵ fɑŋ³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tai$^4$ fong$^4$
*** Yale: tàih fòhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tai$^4$ fong$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tei$^4$ fong$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰɐi̯²¹ fɔːŋ²¹/
*** Homophones: $^{edit}$堤防 提防

### Noun

堤防
* dike; embankment; levee

#### Synonyms

* 堤
* 堤壩／堤坝 (dībà)
* 堤岸 (dī'àn)
* 塘 (táng)
* 大壩／大坝 (dàbà)
* 水壩／水坝 (shuǐbà)
* 防 (fáng) (literary, or in compounds)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 堤 | 防 |
| てい Grade: S | ぼう Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||

### Etymology

/teibau/ → /teibɔː/ → /teiboː/
From Middle Chinese compound 堤防 (dei? bjang, literally “dike, embankment + dike”). Compare modern Cantonese reading tai$^4$ fong$^4$.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) てーぼー [tèébóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [te̞ːbo̞ː]

### Noun

堤(てい)防(ぼう) • (teibō)
* a levee, an embankment along a body of water, a dike
** 1949, 豊島与志雄, 男ぎらい:
    小(ちい)さな道(みち)を行(い)き、少(すこ)しく上(あが)ると、河(かわ)の堤防(ていぼう)の上(うえ)に出(で)ます。
       Chīsana michi o iki, sukoshiku agaru to, kawa no teibō no ue ni demasu.
       If you go down the narrow path and go up a little, you'll get to the top of the river embankment.

#### See also

* 盛土(もりつち) (moritsuchi), 盛土(もりど) (morido): a mound; a man-made embankment (not necessarily along a body of water), banking

### Verb

堤(てい)防(ぼう)する • (teibō suru) suru (stem 堤(てい)防(ぼう)し (teibō shi), past 堤(てい)防(ぼう)した (teibō shita))
* to block off with an embankment

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 堤防し | ていぼうし | teibō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 堤防し | ていぼうし | teibō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 堤防する | ていぼうする | teibō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 堤防する | ていぼうする | teibō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 堤防すれ | ていぼうすれ | teibō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 堤防せよ¹ 堤防しろ² | ていぼうせよ¹ ていぼうしろ² | teibō seyo¹ teibō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 堤防される | ていぼうされる | teibō sareru |
| Causative | 堤防させる 堤防さす | ていぼうさせる ていぼうさす | teibō saseru teibō sasu |
| Potential | 堤防できる | ていぼうできる | teibō dekiru |
| Volitional | 堤防しよう | ていぼうしよう | teibō shiyō |
| Negative | 堤防しない | ていぼうしない | teibō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 堤防せず | ていぼうせず | teibō sezu |
| Formal | 堤防します | ていぼうします | teibō shimasu |
| Perfective | 堤防した | ていぼうした | teibō shita |
| Conjunctive | 堤防して | ていぼうして | teibō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 堤防すれば | ていぼうすれば | teibō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
   * Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN