# 轅

| 轅 | U+8F45, &#36677; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8F45 |
| ← 轄 [U+8F44] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 轆 → [U+8F46] |

## Translingual
### Han character

轅 (Kangxi radical 159, 車+10, 17 strokes, cangjie input 十十土口女 (JJGRV), four-corner 5403$_2$, composition ⿰車袁)
* axle
* magistrate's office
* used as a surname

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 1247, character 33
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38483
* Dae Jaweon: page 1725, character 14
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3548, character 6
* Unihan data for U+8F45

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 薳 | *ɢʷalʔ |
| 袁 | *ɢʷan |
| 園 | *ɢʷan |
| 轅 | *ɢʷan |
| 猿 | *ɢʷan |
| 榬 | *ɢʷan |
| 溒 | *ɢʷan |
| 遠 | *ɢʷanʔ, *ɢʷans |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *ɢʷan) : semantic 車 (“carriage”) + phonetic 袁 (OC *ɢʷan).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): yuán (yuan$^2$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄩㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^4$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): oân
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yuán
*** Zhuyin: ㄩㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yuán
*** Wade–Giles: yüan$^2$
*** Yale: ywán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yuan
*** Palladius: юань (juanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɥɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$
*** Yale: yùhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: oân
*** Tâi-lô: uân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: oaan
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /uan¹³/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen): /uan²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /uan²³/
* Middle Chinese: hjwon
Rime :
| Character | 轅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 云 (35) |
| Final (韻) | 元 (66) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 雨元切 |
| Baxter | hjwon |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ɦʉɐn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ɦʷiɐn/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ɣiuɐn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ɦuan/ |
| Li Rong | /ɣiuɐn/ |
| Wang Li | /ɣĭwɐn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯wɐn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yuán |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jyun$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*ɢʷan/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 轅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | yuán |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ hjwon › |
| Old Chinese | /*[ɢ]ʷa[n]/ |
| English | carriage-pole |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 轅 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 16222 |
| Phonetic component | 袁 |
| Rime group | 元 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 袁 |
| Old Chinese | /*ɢʷan/ |

### Definitions

轅
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### Compounds

* 北轅適楚／北辕适楚
* 北轍南轅／北辙南辕
* 南轅北轍／南辕北辙 (nányuánběizhé)
* 張堪折轅／张堪折辕
* 拜倒轅門／拜倒辕门
* 攀轅扣馬／攀辕扣马
* 攀轅臥轍／攀辕卧辙
* 攀轅遮道／攀辕遮道
* 改轅易轍／改辕易辙
* 行轅／行辕 (xíngyuán)
* 車轅／车辕 (chēyuán)
* 軒轅／轩辕 (xuānyuán)
* 轅下駒／辕下驹
* 轅固／辕固
* 轅門／辕门 (yuánmén)
* 轅門射戟／辕门射戟
* 轘轅／𮝹辕

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* shaft

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): えん (en)
* Kun: ながえ (nagae)

## Korean
### Hanja

轅 • (won) (hangeul 원, revised won, McCune–Reischauer wŏn, Yale wen)
* axle
* magistrate's office

## Vietnamese
### Han character

轅: Hán Nôm readings: viên
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.