# 介紹
## Chinese
### Etymology

From 《禮記·聘義》：.
    From: The Book of Rites, c. 4th – 2nd century BCE, translated based on James Legge's version
    Jiè shào ér chuán mìng, jūnzǐ yú qí suǒzūn fúgǎn zhì, jìng zhī zhì yě. [Pinyin]
    The messages (between the visitor and the host) were passed through all the attendants, from one to another. A superior man, where he wishes to do honour, will not venture to communicate directly and in person. This was a high tribute of respect.
See also the Etymology section at 紹介.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jièshào
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄕㄠˋ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): gaai$^3$ siu$^6$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): gai$^1$ siau$^5$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'gai$^4$ seu$^5$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kie-seu / kiai-seu
* Eastern Min (BUC): gái-siêu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): kài-siāu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gai$^3$ siao$^6$
* Wu (Northern, Wugniu): $^5$cia-zau$_6$ / $^5$cia-zau$_4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jièshào → jièshao (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˋ ㄕㄠˋ → ㄐㄧㄝˋ ˙ㄕㄠ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jièshåo
*** Wade–Giles: chieh$^4$-shao$^5$
*** Yale: jyè-shau
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jieh.shaw
*** Palladius: цзешао (czešao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹⁻⁵³ ʂɑʊ̯⁵¹/ → /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵¹ ʂɑʊ̯¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: gaai$^3$ siu$^6$
*** Yale: gaai siuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: gaai$^3$ siu$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: gai$^3$ xiu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kaːi̯³³ siːu̯²²/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: gai$^1$ siau$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /kai³³ siau³²/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'gai$^4$ seu$^5$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈkai³⁵ sɛu¹¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kie-seu
*** Hakka Romanization System: gie seu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gie$^4$ seu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯e⁵⁵ seu̯⁵⁵/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiai-seu
*** Hakka Romanization System: giai seu
*** Hagfa Pinyim: giai$^4$ seu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /ki̯ai̯⁵⁵ seu̯⁵⁵/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gái-siêu
*** Sinological IPA : /kai²¹³⁻⁵³ $^{(s-)}$liɛu²⁴²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kài-siāu
*** Tâi-lô: kài-siāu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kaesiau
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /kai²¹⁻⁵³ siau²²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kai⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ siau⁴¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kai²¹⁻⁴¹ siau³³/
*** IPA (Singapore): /kai²¹⁻⁴² siau²²/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kai¹¹⁻⁵³ siau³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gai$^3$ siao$^6$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kài siău
*** Sinological IPA : /kai²¹³⁻⁵⁵ siau³⁵/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cia-zau$_6$
*** MiniDict: cia$^去$ zau$^去$
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$jia-zau$_3$
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /t͡ɕia³³ zɔ⁴⁴/
** (Northern: Jiaxing)
*** Wugniu: $^5$cia-zau$_4$
*** MiniDict: cia$^去$ zau$^上$
*** Sinological IPA (Jiaxing): /t͡ɕia⁴⁴ zɔ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: keajH dzyewX
Rime :
| Character | 介 | 紹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) | 常 (25) |
| Final (韻) | 皆 (33) | 宵 (91) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Rising (X) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 古拜切 | 市沼切 |
| Baxter | keajH | dzyewX |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠɛi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiᴇu$^X$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚæi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiɛu$^X$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kɐi$^H$/ | /d͡ʑjæu$^X$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kəɨj$^H$/ | /d͡ʑiaw$^X$/ |
| Li Rong | /kɛi$^H$/ | /ʑiɛu$^X$/ |
| Wang Li | /kɐi$^H$/ | /ʑĭɛu$^X$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /kăi$^H$/ | /ʑi̯ɛu$^X$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jiè | shào |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | gaai$^3$ | siu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*kreːds djewʔ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 介 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jiè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kɛj$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*kˁr[e]p-s/ |
| English | armour; scale of animals |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 介 | 紹 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 6525 | 2144 |
| Phonetic component | 介 | 刀 |
| Rime group | 祭 | 宵 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 誡 | 紹 |
| Old Chinese | /*kreːds/ | /*djewʔ/ |

### Verb

介紹
* to introduce
* to recommend
* to explain (a situation); to brief
* (Philippine Hokkien) to introduce a possible romantic partner

#### Synonyms

* (to introduce): (someone to someone else) 引見／引见 (yǐnjiàn)
* (to recommend):
* 保舉／保举 (bǎojǔ) (literary, to recommend somebody for a post with one's personal guarantee)
* 保薦／保荐 (bǎojiàn) (literary, to recommend someone for a promotion)
* 建議／建议 (jiànyì)
* 引薦／引荐 (yǐnjiàn)
* 引進／引进 (yǐnjìn)
* 推舉／推举 (tuījǔ)
* 推薦／推荐 (tuījiàn)
* 推選／推选 (tuīxuǎn)
* 提議／提议 (tíyì)
* 舉薦／举荐 (jǔjiàn)
* 薦舉／荐举 (jiànjǔ)
* (to explain):
* 交代 (jiāodài)
* 分解 (fēnjiě)
* 拆白 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 拆破 (Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
* 解說／解说 (jiěshuō)
* 解釋／解释 (jiěshì)
* 訓／训 (xùn) (literary, or in compounds, meanings of words)
* 說／说
* 說明／说明 (shuōmíng)
* 說解／说解 (shuōjiě) (literary)
* 講明／讲明 (jiǎngmíng)
* 講解／讲解 (jiǎngjiě)
* 開釋／开释 (kāishì) (literary)
* 闡明／阐明 (chǎnmíng)
* 闡發／阐发 (chǎnfā)
* 闡說／阐说 (chǎnshuō)
* 闡論／阐论 (chǎnlùn) (literary)
* 闡釋／阐释 (chǎnshì)
* 陳／陈 (chén) (literary, or in compounds)

#### Derived terms

* 介紹人／介绍人 (jièshàorén)
* 介紹信／介绍信 (jièshàoxìn)
* 介紹所／介绍所 (jièshàosuǒ)
* 自我介紹／自我介绍 (zìwǒ jièshào)

#### Descendants

* → Vietnamese: giới thiệu (介紹)

### Further reading

* “Entry #727”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.