# 勤務
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qínwù
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄨˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): kan$^4$ mou$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khûn-bū / khîn-bū
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qínwù
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄣˊ ㄨˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cínwù
*** Wade–Giles: chʻin$^2$-wu$^4$
*** Yale: chín-wù
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chynwuh
*** Palladius: циньу (cinʹu)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰin³⁵ u⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: kan$^4$ mou$^6$
*** Yale: kàhn mouh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: kan$^4$ mou$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ken$^4$ mou$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰɐn²¹ mou̯²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khûn-bū
*** Tâi-lô: khûn-bū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qunbu
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰun²⁴⁻²² bu⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰun²⁴⁻¹¹ bu³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰun²⁴⁻²² bu²²/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khîn-bū
*** Tâi-lô: khîn-bū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qinbu
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰin¹³⁻²² bu²²/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰin²³⁻³³ bu³³/

### Noun

勤務
* duties; service
* (military) orderly; odd-jobber

#### Synonyms

* (duties): (literary, or in compounds) 勤 (qín)
* (orderly): 勤務兵／勤务兵 (qínwùbīng)

#### Derived terms

* 勤務兵／勤务兵 (qínwùbīng)
* 勤務召集／勤务召集
* 勤務員／勤务员 (qínwùyuán)
* 警察勤務／警察勤务

#### Related terms

* 執勤／执勤 (zhíqín)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 勤 | 務 |
| きん Grade: 6 | む Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 勤務 (kyūjitai)

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) きんむ [kíꜜǹmù] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [kʲĩmːɯ̟]

### Noun

勤(きん)務(む) • (kinmu)
* work, duty, service at a company etc.
    今度(こんど)こちらに勤務(きんむ)になりました。
       Kondo kochira ni kinmu ni narimashita.
       Recently, I got a position here.

#### Synonyms

* 役目(やくめ) (yakume)

### Verb

勤(きん)務(む)する • (kinmu suru) intransitive suru (stem 勤(きん)務(む)し (kinmu shi), past 勤(きん)務(む)した (kinmu shita))
* to work for

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 勤務し | きんむし | kinmu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 勤務し | きんむし | kinmu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 勤務する | きんむする | kinmu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 勤務する | きんむする | kinmu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 勤務すれ | きんむすれ | kinmu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 勤務せよ¹ 勤務しろ² | きんむせよ¹ きんむしろ² | kinmu seyo¹ kinmu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 勤務される | きんむされる | kinmu sareru |
| Causative | 勤務させる 勤務さす | きんむさせる きんむさす | kinmu saseru kinmu sasu |
| Potential | 勤務できる | きんむできる | kinmu dekiru |
| Volitional | 勤務しよう | きんむしよう | kinmu shiyō |
| Negative | 勤務しない | きんむしない | kinmu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 勤務せず | きんむせず | kinmu sezu |
| Formal | 勤務します | きんむします | kinmu shimasu |
| Perfective | 勤務した | きんむした | kinmu shita |
| Conjunctive | 勤務して | きんむして | kinmu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 勤務すれば | きんむすれば | kinmu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 2002, Ineko Kondō; Fumi Takano; Mary E Althaus; et. al., Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, Third Edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN.

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 勤 | 務 |

### Noun

勤務 • (geunmu) (hangeul 근무)
* hanja form of 근무