# ⲧⲁⲩ
## Coptic
### Etymology 1
#### Noun

ⲧⲁⲩ • (tau) m (plural ⲧⲁⲩⲓⲏ (tauiē) or ⲧⲁⲩⲉⲓⲏ (taueiē))
* (Akhmimic, Fayyumic) mountain
* (Akhmimic, Fayyumic) desert
* (Akhmimic, Fayyumic) monastery

##### Alternative forms

* ⲧⲟⲟⲩ (toou) — Sahidic
* ⲧⲱⲟⲩ (tōou) — Bohairic

##### Synonyms

* ⲉⲣⲏⲙⲟⲥ (erēmos)
* ϣⲁϥⲉ (šafe) (Bohairic, Sahidic)
* ϫⲁⲓⲉ (čaie) (Sahidic, Akhmimic)

### Etymology 2

From Egyptian djt dj.w (“to cause that they should give”), from djt (infinitive of rḏj) + dj (subjunctive of rḏj) + .w (“they”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /tau̯/

#### Verb

ⲧⲁⲩ • (tau)
* (intransitive, Fayyumic) to buy

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲁⲩ tau | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲁⲩ tau |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙⲧⲁⲩ štemtau | imperative | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲁⲩ, ⲡⲉⲗⲧⲁⲩ mpeltau, peltau |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲁⲩ titau | ⲕⲧⲁⲩ ktau | ⲧⲉⲧⲁⲩ tetau | ϥⲧⲁⲩ ftau | ⲥⲧⲁⲩ stau | ⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ tentau | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ tetentau | ⲥⲉⲧⲁⲩ setau | ⲧⲁⲩ tau |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲧⲁⲩ eitau | ⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ ektau | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ eletau | ⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ eftau | ⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ estau | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ entau | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ eletentau | ⲉⲩⲧⲁⲩ eutau | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ ele- tau |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲁⲩ etitau | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ etektau | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲁⲩ etetau | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ eteftau | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ etestau | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ etentau | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ etetentau | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ etoutau | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ, ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ ete- tau, etele- tau |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ naitau | ⲛⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ naktau | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ naletau | ⲛⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ naftau | ⲛⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ nastau | ⲛⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ nantau | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ naletentau | ⲛⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ nautau | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ nale- tau |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ aitau | ⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ aktau | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ aletau | ⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ aftau | ⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ astau | ⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ antau | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ aletentau | ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ autau | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ ale- tau |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ tinetau | ⲕⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ knetau | ⲧⲉⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ tenetau | ϥⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ fnetau | ⲥⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ snetau | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ tennetau | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ tetennetau | ⲥⲉⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ senetau | ⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ netau |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ einetau | ⲉⲕⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ eknetau | ⲉⲗⲉⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ elenetau | ⲉϥⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ efnetau | ⲉⲥⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ esnetau | ⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ ennetau | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ eletennetau | ⲉⲩⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ eunetau | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ ele- netau |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ etinetau | ⲉⲧⲉⲕⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ eteknetau | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ etenetau | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ etefnetau | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ etesnetau | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ etennetau | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ etetennetau | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ etounetau | ⲉⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ etele- netau |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ nainetau | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ naknetau | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ nalenetau | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ nafnetau | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ nasnetau | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ nannetau | ⲛⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ naletennetau | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ naunetau | ⲛⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ nale- netau |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ ainetau | ⲁⲕⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ aknetau | ⲁⲗⲉⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ alenetau | ⲁϥⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ afnetau | ⲁⲥⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ asnetau | ⲁⲛⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ annetau | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ aletennetau | ⲁⲩⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ aunetau | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ ale- netau |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en | ⲛ- … ⲉⲛ n- … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ aitau | ⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ aktau | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ aletau | ⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ aftau | ⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ astau | ⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ antau | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ atetentau | ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ autau | ⲁ- ⲧⲁⲩ a- tau |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲓⲧⲁⲩ mpitau | ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ mpektau | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲁⲩ mpetau | ⲙⲡⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ mpeftau | ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ mpestau | ⲙⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ mpentau | ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ mpetentau | ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ mpoutau | ⲙⲡⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ mpe- tau |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ eaitau | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ eaktau | ⲉⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ ealetau | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ eaftau | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ eastau | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ eantau | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ eatetentau | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ eautau | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲁⲩ ea- tau |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲓⲧⲁⲩ empitau | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ empektau | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲁⲩ empetau | ⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ empeftau | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ empestau | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ empentau | ⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ empetentau | ⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ empoutau | ⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ empe- tau |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ ntaitau | ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ ntaktau | ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ ntaletau | ⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ ntaftau | ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ ntastau | ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ ntantau | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ etaletentau | ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ ntautau | ⲛⲧⲁ- ⲧⲁⲩ nta- tau |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲓⲧⲁⲩ etempitau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ etempektau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲁⲩ etempetau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ etempeftau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ etempestau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ etempentau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ etempetentau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ etempoutau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ etempe- tau |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ nneaitau | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ nneaktau | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ nnealetau | ⲛⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ nneaftau | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ nneastau | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ nneantau | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nneatetentau | ⲛⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ nneautau | ⲛⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲁⲩ nnea- tau |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲓⲧⲁⲩ nnempitau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ nnempektau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲁⲩ nnempetau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ nnempeftau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ nnempestau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nnempentau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nnempetentau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ nnempoutau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ nnempe- tau |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ aaitau | ⲁⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ aaktau | ⲁⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ aaletau | ⲁⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ aaftau | ⲁⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ aastau | ⲁⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ aantau | ⲉⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ etaletentau | ⲁⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ aautau | ⲁⲁ- ⲧⲁⲩ aa- tau |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲁϯⲧⲁⲩ mpatitau | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ mpatektau | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲁⲩ mpatetau | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ mpateftau | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ mpatestau | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ mpatentau | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ mpatetentau | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ mpatoutau | ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ mpate- tau |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲧⲁⲩ empatitau | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ empatektau | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲁⲩ empatetau | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ empateftau | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ empatestau | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ empatentau | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ empatetentau | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ empatoutau | ⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ empate- tau |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲧⲁⲩ etempatitau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ etempatektau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲁⲩ etempatetau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ etempateftau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ etempatestau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ etempatentau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ etempatetentau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ etempatoutau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ etempate- tau |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁϯⲧⲁⲩ nnempatitau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ nnempatektau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲁⲩ nnempatetau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ nnempateftau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ nnempatestau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nnempatentau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nnempatetentau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ nnempatoutau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ nnempate- tau |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ šaitau | ϣⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ šaktau | ϣⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ šaletau | ϣⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ šaftau | ϣⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ šastau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ šantau | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ šatetentau | ϣⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ šautau | ϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ šale- tau |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓⲧⲁⲩ meitau | ⲙⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ mektau | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ meletau | ⲙⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ meftau | ⲙⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ mestau | ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ mentau | ⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ meletentau | ⲙⲉⲩⲧⲁⲩ meutau | ⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ mele- tau |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ ešaitau | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ ešaktau | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ ešaletau | ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ ešaftau | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ ešastau | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ ešantau | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ ešatetentau | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ ešautau | ⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ ešale- tau |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓⲧⲁⲩ emeitau | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ emektau | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ emeletau | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ emeftau | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ emestau | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ ementau | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ emeletentau | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲁⲩ emeutau | ⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ emele- tau |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ etešaitau, nšaitau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ etešaktau, nšaktau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ etešaletau, nšaletau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛϣⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ etešaftau, nšaftau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ etešastau, nšastau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ etešantau, nšantau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ etešatetentau, nšatetentau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ etešautau, nšautau | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ etešale- tau, nšale- tau |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓⲧⲁⲩ etemeitau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ etemektau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ etemeletau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ etemeftau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ etemestau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ etementau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ etemeletentau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲁⲩ etemeutau | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ etemele- tau |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ nnešaitau | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ nnešaktau | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ nnešaletau | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ nnešaftau | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ nnešastau | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ nnešantau | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nnešatetentau | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ nnešautau | ⲛⲛⲉϣⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ nnešale- tau |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓⲧⲁⲩ nnemeitau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ nnemektau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ nnemeletau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ nnemeftau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ nnemestau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nnementau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nnemeletentau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲁⲩ nnemeutau | ⲛⲛⲉⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ nnemele- tau |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲙⲉⲓⲧⲁⲩ nmeitau | ⲛⲙⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ nmektau | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ nmeletau | ⲛⲙⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ nmeftau | ⲛⲙⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ nmestau | ⲛⲙⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nmentau | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nmeletentau | ⲛⲙⲉⲩⲧⲁⲩ nmeutau | ⲛⲙⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ nmele- tau |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉⲧⲁⲩ eietau | ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲁⲩ eketau | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ eletau | ⲉϥⲉⲧⲁⲩ efetau | ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲁⲩ esetau | ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ enetau | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ eletenetau | ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲁⲩ euetau | ⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ ele- tau |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲛⲁⲧⲁⲩ nnatau | ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ nnektau | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲁⲩ nnetau | ⲛⲛⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ nneftau | ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ nnestau | ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nnentau | ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nnetentau | ⲛⲛⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ nnoutau | ⲛⲛⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ nne- tau |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲗⲓⲧⲁⲩ malitau | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ maleftau | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ malestau | ⲙⲁⲗⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ malentau | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲗⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ maloutau | ⲙⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ male- tau |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲓⲧⲁⲩ mpeltritau | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ mpeltreftau | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ mpeltrestau | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ mpeltrentau | (use imperative) | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲁⲩ mpeltreutau | ⲙⲡⲉⲗⲧⲣⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ mpeltre- tau |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛⲧⲁ | ⲛⲧⲁϥ | ⲛⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲁⲩ tatau, ntatau | ⲛⲕⲧⲁⲩ nktau | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲁⲩ ntetau | ⲛϥⲧⲁⲩ nftau | ⲛⲥⲧⲁⲩ nstau | ⲛⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ ntentau | ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ ntetentau | ⲛⲥⲉⲧⲁⲩ nsetau | ⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ nte- tau |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲗⲓⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲓⲧⲁⲩ talitau, ntalitau | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ talektau, ntalektau | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ taletau, ntaletau | ⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ taleftau, ntaleftau | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ talestau, ntalestau | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ talentau, ntalentau | ⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ taletentau, ntaletentau | ⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ taloutau, ntaloutau | ⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ tale- tau, ntale- tau |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲓⲧⲁⲩ ntelitau | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ ntelektau | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ nteletau | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ nteleftau | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ ntelestau | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ ntelentau | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ nteletentau | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ nteloutau | ⲛⲧⲉⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ ntele- tau |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲧⲁⲩ šantitau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲕⲧⲁⲩ šantektau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲁⲩ šantetau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉϥⲧⲁⲩ šanteftau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲥⲧⲁⲩ šantestau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ šantentau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ šantetentau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲁⲩ šantoutau | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ šante- tau |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ eišantau | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ ekšantau | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ elešantau | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ efšantau | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ esšantau | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ enšantau | ⲉⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ eletenšantau | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ eušantau | ⲉⲗⲉϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲁⲩ, ⲉⲗϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲁⲩ elešan- tau, elšan- tau |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓⲧⲁⲩ aitau | ⲁⲕⲧⲁⲩ aktau | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲁⲩ aletau | ⲁϥⲧⲁⲩ aftau | ⲁⲥⲧⲁⲩ astau | ⲁⲛⲧⲁⲩ antau | ⲁⲗⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩ aletentau | ⲁⲩⲧⲁⲩ autau | ⲁⲗⲉ- ⲧⲁⲩ ale- tau |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

##### Synonyms

* (Bohairic) ϣⲱⲡ (šōp)

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 441
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 199