# 不仁
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): bùrén
    (Zhuyin): ㄅㄨˋ ㄖㄣˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): bat$^1$ jan$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): put-yìn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: bùrén
*** Zhuyin: ㄅㄨˋ ㄖㄣˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: bùrén
*** Wade–Giles: pu$^4$-jên$^2$
*** Yale: bù-rén
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: buren
*** Palladius: бужэнь (bužɛnʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pu⁵¹ ʐən³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: bat$^1$ jan$^4$
*** Yale: bāt yàhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: bat$^7$ jan$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: bed$^1$ yen$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /pɐt̚⁵ jɐn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-yìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: bud$^ˋ$ in$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bud$^5$ yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /put̚² in¹¹/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: put-yìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: bud$^ˋ$ (r)in$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: bud$^5$ yin$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /put̚² (j)in¹¹/
* Middle Chinese: pjuw|pjuwX|pjut nyin
Rime :
| Character | 不 | 不 | 不 | 仁 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) | 幫 (1) | 日 (38) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 尤 (136) | 物 (60) | 眞 (43) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III | III | III |
| Fanqie | 甫鳩切 | 方久切 | 分勿切 | 如鄰切 |
| Baxter | pjuw | pjuwX | pjut | nyin |
| Reconstructions |||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /pɨu/ | /pɨu$^X$/ | /pɨut̚/ | /ȵiɪn/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /piu/ | /piu$^X$/ | /piut̚/ | /ȵin/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /piəu/ | /piəu$^X$/ | /piuət̚/ | /ȵʑjen/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /puw/ | /puw$^X$/ | /put̚/ | /ȵin/ |
| Li Rong | /piu/ | /piu$^X$/ | /piuət̚/ | /ȵiĕn/ |
| Wang Li | /pĭəu/ | /pĭəu$^X$/ | /pĭuət̚/ | /ȵʑĭĕn/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /pi̯ə̯u/ | /pi̯ə̯u$^X$/ | /pi̯uət̚/ | /ȵʑi̯ĕn/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | fōu | fǒu | fu | rén |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | fau$^1$ | fau$^2$ | fat$^1$ | jan$^4$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*pə niŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*pɯ|pɯʔ|pɯ' njin/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 不 | 不 | 仁 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | bù | bù | rén |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ pjuw › | ‹ pjuw › | ‹ nyin › |
| Old Chinese | /*pə/ | /*pə/ | /*niŋ/ |
| English | not | 不律 writing brush (pron. in Wú 吳 ap. Shuōwén; E. Hàn) | kind |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 不 | 不 | 不 | 仁 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1025 | 1029 | 1048 | 10801 |
| Phonetic component | 不 | 不 | 不 | 人 |
| Rime group | 之 | 之 | 物 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 不 | 缶 | 弗 | 仁 |
| Old Chinese | /*pɯ/ | /*pɯʔ/ | /*pɯ'/ | /*njin/ |
| Notes | | 象花柎與本同源 | 中古才促化 | |

### Adjective

不仁
* (formal) showing no mercy; inhumane
    From: Mencius, c. 4th century BCE
    Mèngzǐ yuē: “Bùrén ér dé guó zhě, yǒu zhī yǐ; bùrén ér dé tiānxià, wèi zhī yǒu yě.” [Pinyin]
    Mencius said, “There have been inhumane men who have come to rule a state, but there has never been an inhumane man who has come to rule the world.”
    From: The Records of the Grand Historian, by Sima Qian, c. 91 BCE
    Yú zhě lì qí ròu, guǎ zhě tān qí lì, xià wèi bùrén, shàng wèi wúdé. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
* (formal, of skin) numb

#### Derived terms

* 殘暴不仁／残暴不仁 (cánbàobùrén)
* 麻木不仁 (mámùbùrén)

## Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term :
| 不 | 仁 |

### Adjective

不仁
* chữ Hán form of bất nhân.