# лом
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

### Noun

лом • (lom) m (diminutive ломец) (dialectal)
* fracture, failure, rupture
    лом и погром (idiom) ― lom i pogrom ― total collapse, breakdown (literally, “fracture and downfall”)
* (by extension) rumpus, tumult, breakdown
    положението е лом ― položenieto e lom ― the situation is catastrophic
* crowbar (instrument for pecking)

#### Alternative forms

* ло́мка f (lómka)

#### Derived terms

* (causative-iterative) ломя́ (lomjá)
* взлом (vzlom)
* зало́м (zalóm) (dialectal)
* изло́м (izlóm) (dialectal)
* отло́мка f (otlómka)
* прело́м (prelóm)
* разло́м (razlóm)
* ло́мен (lómen)
* ло́мък (lómǎk)

#### Related terms

* леме́ж (leméž, “plowshare”)
* ломо́т (lomót, “mumbling”) (dialectal, originally: “fracture”)
** ломо́тя (lomótja, “to babble, to gibber”)

#### See also

* Лом (Lom) (toponym, etymologically unrelated)

### References

* “лом”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 2014
* “лом”, in Речник на българския език [Dictionary of the Bulgarian Language] (in Bulgarian), Chitanka, 2010
* Nayden Gerov (1899) “ломъ”, in Рѣчникъ на Блъгарскꙑй язꙑкъ. Съ тлъкувание рѣчи-тꙑ на Блъгарскꙑ и на Русскꙑ. [Dictionary of the Bulgarian language]‎ (in Bulgarian), volume 3, Plovdiv: Дружествена печꙗтница "Съгласие.", page 20
* Georgiev, Vladimir I., editor (1986), “лом”, in Български етимологичен речник [Bulgarian Etymological Dictionary] (in Bulgarian), volume 3 (крес¹ – мѝнго¹), Sofia: Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Pubg. House, page 464

## Chechen
### Alternative forms

* лам (lam)

### Etymology

Borrowed from Georgian ლომი (lomi).

### Noun

лом • (lom) ?
* lion

## Ingush
### Etymology

Borrowed from Georgian ლომი (lomi).

### Noun

лом • (lom) ?
* lion

## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɫɔm]

### Noun

лом • (lom) m
* mess, rumpus

## Russian
### Alternative forms

* ломъ (lom) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɫom]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

лом • (lom) m inan (genitive ло́ма, nominative plural ло́мы or ломы́, genitive plural ломо́в)
* crowbar
** 1887, Всеволод Гаршин [Vsevolod Garshin], Сигнал; English translation from The Signal, New York: Modern Library, 1925:— Васи́лий Степа́ныч! Оте́ц родно́й, голу́бчик, вороти́сь! Дай лом! Поста́вим рельс, никто́ не узна́ет. Вороти́сь, спаси́ свою́ ду́шу от греха́.— Vasílij Stepányč! Otéc rodnój, golúbčik, vorotísʹ! Daj lom! Postávim relʹs, niktó ne uznájet. Vorotísʹ, spasí svojú dúšu ot grexá."Vasily Stepanych! My dear friend, come back! Give me the crow-bar. We will put the rail back; no one will know. Come back! Save your soul from sin!"
* scrap, waste

#### Related terms

* лома́ть (lomátʹ)
* металлоло́м m (metallolóm)

#### Descendants

* → Armenian: լոմ (lom)
* → Uyghur: لوم (lom)

### Anagrams

* мол (mol)

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /lôːm/

### Noun

ло̑м m (Latin spelling lȏm)
* fracture
* breach, breakage
* rumpus, ruckus, uproar
* refraction, diffraction (of light)

#### Declension
### References

* “лом” in Hrvatski jezični portal

## Ukrainian
### Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *lomъ.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɫɔm]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

лом • (lom) m inan (genitive ло́ма, nominative plural ломи́, genitive plural ломі́в)
* crowbar

#### Declension
### Noun

лом • (lom) m inan (genitive ло́му, uncountable)
* (uncountable) scrap, waste, debris (broken items, or fit only for recycling, usually of metal)
* (uncountable) dry branches or twigs that have fallen on the ground

#### Declension
### Further reading

* Bilodid, I. K., editor (1970–1980), “лом”, in Словник української мови: в 11 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 11 vols] (in Ukrainian), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka
* Shyrokov, V. A., editor (2010–2023), “лом”, in Словник української мови: у 20 т. [Dictionary of the Ukrainian Language: in 20 vols] (in Ukrainian), volumes 1–14 (а – префере́нція), Kyiv: Naukova Dumka; Ukrainian Lingua-Information Fund, →ISBN