# supero
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central) [suˈpe.ɾu]
* IPA: (Balearic, Valencia) [suˈpe.ɾo]

### Verb

supero
* first-person singular present indicative of superar

## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsu.pe.ro/
* Rhymes: -upero
* Hyphenation: sù‧pe‧ro

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Latin superus.

#### Adjective

supero (feminine supera, masculine plural superi, feminine plural supere)
* higher
* superior

##### Related terms

* superare
* superiore

### Etymology 2

See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.

#### Verb

supero
* first-person singular present indicative of superare

### Further reading

* supero in Collins Italian-English Dictionary
* supero in Luciano Canepari, Dizionario di Pronuncia Italiana (DiPI)
* supero in garzantilinguistica.it – Garzanti Linguistica, De Agostini Scuola Spa
* sùpero in Dizionario Italiano Olivetti, Olivetti Media Communication

## Latin
### Etymology

From superus (“above”), from super (“above”), from *eks-uper, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁eǵʰs (“out of”) (Latin ex) and *upér (“over, above”).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈsu.pe.roː/, [ˈs̠ʊpɛroː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈsu.pe.ro/, [ˈsuːpero]

### Verb

superō (present infinitive superāre, perfect active superāvī, supine superātum); first conjugation
* to surmount, rise over, rise above, go over, ascend, overtop, mount
** 8 CE, Ovid, Metamorphoses 1.: 317:superantque cacūmina nūbēs.and the peaks rise above the clouds.
* to go over, pass over, surpass, exceed, traverse
    Synonyms: praetereō, trānsgredior, trānseō, praeferō, trānsmittō, peragō, intrō
* to be superior, surpass, exceed, excel, outdo, outstrip, be in excess, have the upper hand
    Synonyms: praepolleō, praestō, exsuperō
* to be abundant, overflow
* to overcome, overpower, conquer, subdue
    Synonyms: subigō, subiciō, dēvincō, vincō, pācō, conquestō, expugnō, domō, prōflīgō, ēvincō, caedō, obruō, exsuperō, pellō, opprimō, premō, fundō
* to remain; to be left, left over, or left alone; to survive; to be safe, to be spared
** 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.596–598:“‘Nōn prius aspiciēs ubi fessum aetāte parentem līqueris Anchīsēn; superet coniūnxne Creūsā, Ascaniusque puer?’”“‘First, why don't you see where you left your father, Anchises, weary with age? Does [your wife,] Creüsa, survive? And the child, Ascanius?’” (Venus reminds Aeneas to return to his own family.)

#### Conjugation

$^1$At least one rare poetic syncopated perfect form is attested.

#### Derived terms

* superāmentum
* superāns
* superātiō
* superātor

#### Descendants

* Balkan Romance:
** Aromanian: shupãr, shupãrari
** Romanian: supăra, supărare
* Gallo-Romance:
** Catalan: sobrar
** Occitan: sobrar
* Ibero-Romance:
** Portuguese: sobrar
** Spanish: sobrar
* Italo-Dalmatian:
** Italian: soprare
Borrowings:
* → Catalan: superar
* → Friulian: superâ
* → English: superate
* → Italian: superare
* → Portuguese: superar
* → Spanish: superar

### References

* “supero”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “supero”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
* supero in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co. to cross the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines: superare Alpes, Pyrenaeum, Apenninum (both always in the sing.) the water is up to, is above, the chest: aqua pectus aequat, superat to double a cape: promunturium superare to be defeated in fight, lose the battle: proelio vinci, superari, inferiorem, victum discedere to double an island, cape: superare insulam, promunturium (ambiguous) heavenly things; earthly things: supera et caelestia; humana et citerioria

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /suˈpɛ.ɾu/
* Rhymes: -ɛɾu
* Hyphenation: su‧pe‧ro

### Verb

supero
* first-person singular present indicative of superar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /suˈpeɾo/ [suˈpe.ɾo]
* Rhymes: -eɾo
* Syllabification: su‧pe‧ro

### Verb

supero
* first-person singular present indicative of superar