# 寂寥
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jìliáo, jíliáo
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ, ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): zik$^6$ liu$^4$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jìliáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jìliáo
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^4$-liao$^2$
*** Yale: jì-lyáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jihliau
*** Palladius: цзиляо (cziljao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi⁵¹ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jíliáo
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˊ ㄌㄧㄠˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jíliáo
*** Wade–Giles: chi$^2$-liao$^2$
*** Yale: jí-lyáu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyiliau
*** Palladius: цзиляо (cziljao)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕi³⁵ li̯ɑʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: zik$^6$ liu$^4$
*** Yale: jihk lìuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dzik$^9$ liu$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: jig$^6$ liu$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sɪk̚² liːu̯²¹/
* Middle Chinese: dzek lew|lek
Rime :
| Character | 寂 | 寥 | 寥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 從 (15) | 來 (37) | 來 (37) |
| Final (韻) | 錫 (127) | 蕭 (93) | 錫 (127) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 前歷切 | 落蕭切 | 郎擊切 |
| Baxter | dzek | lew | lek |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /d͡zek̚/ | /leu/ | /lek̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /d͡zek̚/ | /leu/ | /lek̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /d͡zɛk̚/ | /leu/ | /lɛk̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /d͡zɛjk̚/ | /lɛw/ | /lɛjk̚/ |
| Li Rong | /d͡zek̚/ | /leu/ | /lek̚/ |
| Wang Li | /d͡ziek̚/ | /lieu/ | /liek̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /d͡zʱiek̚/ | /lieu/ | /liek̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jí | liáo | lì |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | zik$^6$ | liu$^4$ | lik$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*zlɯːwɢ rɯːw|rɯːwɢ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 寂 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jì |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ dzek › |
| Old Chinese | /*s-[d]ˁiwk/ |
| English | quiet |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 寂 | 寥 | 寥 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11734 | 8366 | 8370 |
| Phonetic component | 尗 | 翏 | 翏 |
| Rime group | 覺 | 幽 | 覺 |
| Rime subdivision | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 寂 | 聊 | 靂 |
| Old Chinese | /*zlɯːwɢ/ | /*rɯːw/ | /*rɯːwɢ/ |
| Notes | | 見老子說文作廫 | |

### Adjective

寂寥
* quiet; tranquil; still
* open; spacious; empty; void
* lonely; lonesome; solitary; desolate

#### Synonyms

* (quiet):
* 和平 (hépíng)
* 嗼寂 (mòjì)
* 安恬 (āntián) (literary)
* 安生 (ānshēng)
* 安謐／安谧 (ānmì) (literary)
* 安靖 (ānjìng) (literary)
* 安靜／安静 (ānjìng)
* 寂寞 (jìmò)
* 寂然 (jìrán) (literary)
* 寂靜／寂静 (jìjìng)
* 寧靜／宁静 (níngjìng)
* 平和
* 平靜／平静 (píngjìng)
* 幽靜／幽静 (yōujìng)
* 恬 (Hakka, literary or Min Nan)
* 恬倓 (tiántán)
* 恬淡 (tiándàn)
* 恬謐／恬谧 (tiánmì) (literary)
* 恬靜／恬静 (tiánjìng)
* 悄悄 (qiāoqiāo)
* 沉寂 (chénjì)
* 沉靜／沉静 (chénjìng)
* 清淨／清净 (qīngjìng)
* 清靜／清静 (qīngjìng)
* 自靜／自静 (zi$^3$ jing$^2$) (Jin)
* 靜寂／静寂 (jìngjì)
* 靜寂寂／静寂寂 (Hokkien)
* 靜悄悄／静悄悄 (jìngqiāoqiāo)
* 靜生生／静生生 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* (open): 空曠／空旷 (kōngkuàng), 空闊／空阔 (kōngkuò)
* (lonely):
* 俗 (Hokkien)
* 孤單／孤单 (gūdān)
* 孤孑 (gūjié) (literary)
* 孤寂 (gūjì)
* 孤獨／孤独 (gūdú)
* 寂寞 (jìmò)
* 挑另 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 索寞 (suǒmò) (literary or Eastern Min)
* 落寞 (luòmò)