# 汕頭
## Chinese

* 汕頭 (Written Standard Chinese)
* 汕頭 (Cantonese)
* Sân-thèu-sṳ (Hakka)
* Sáng-tàu (Eastern Min)
* Sòaⁿ-thâu (Southern Min)
* 汕头 (Wu)
* Shantou (English)

### Etymology

While the modern Teochew pronunciation contains the first syllable in the yinping (陰平／阴平) tone, as attested in Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular [1886] by Lim Hiong Seng, it appears that historically the first syllable of the toponym had the yinqu (陰去／阴去) tone. The pronunciation Suàⁿ-thâu is recorded in A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect [1883] by Adele M. Fielde and English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular Or Spoken Language of Swatow [1883] by William Duffus.
The toponym is a shortening of 沙汕頭／沙汕头. In 1717, a fort, 沙汕頭砲臺, was constructed in the area, which was then under the administration of Chenghai (澄海) county. Both 沙汕頭／沙汕头 and 汕頭／汕头 are attested in 潮州海防圖說 [c. 18th century] by official Lan Dingyuan (藍鼎元). 沙汕 is cognate with Hokkien 沙線／沙线 (soa-sòaⁿ, “sandbank”).

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): Shàntóu
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢˋ ㄊㄡˊ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saan$^3$ tau$^4$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): san$^1$ heu$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): San-thèu / Sân-thèu
* Eastern Min (BUC): Sáng-tàu
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): Sòaⁿ-thâu
    (Teochew, Peng'im): suan$^1$ tao$^5$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: Shàntóu
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢˋ ㄊㄡˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: Shàntóu
*** Wade–Giles: Shan$^4$-tʻou$^2$
*** Yale: Shàn-tóu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: Shanntour
*** Palladius: Шаньтоу (Šanʹtou)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵¹ tʰoʊ̯³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saan$^3$ tau$^4$
*** Yale: saan tàuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saan$^3$ tau$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: san$^3$ teo$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːn³³ tʰɐu̯²¹/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: san$^1$ heu$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /san³³ heu²²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: San-thèu / Sân-thèu
*** Hakka Romanization System: san teu$^ˇ$ / san$^ˊ$ teu$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: san$^4$ teu$^2$ / san$^1$ teu$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /san⁵⁵ tʰeu̯¹¹/, /san²⁴ tʰeu̯¹¹/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: Sáng-tàu
*** Sinological IPA : /saŋ²¹³⁻⁵⁵ $^{(tʰ-)}$nau⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Sòaⁿ-thâu
*** Tâi-lô: Suànn-thâu
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svoartaau
*** IPA (Xiamen): /suã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tʰau²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã²¹⁻⁵³ tʰau¹³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /suã¹¹⁻⁵³ tʰau²⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /suã²¹⁻⁴¹ tʰau²³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: suan$^1$ tao$^5$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: suaⁿ thâu
*** Sinological IPA : /sũã³³⁻²³ tʰau⁵⁵/

### Proper noun

汕頭
* (～市) Shantou (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China)

#### Synonyms

* 鮀城／𬶍城 (Tuóchéng)
* 鮀島／𬶍岛 (Tuódǎo)

#### Derived terms

* 汕頭話／汕头话 (Shàntóuhuà)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 汕頭(せんとう) (Sentō)
* → Korean: 산두(汕頭) (Sandu)
* → Vietnamese: Sán Đầu (汕頭)
Others:
* → English: Shantou, Swatow
** → Japanese: 汕頭(スワトウ) (Suwatō)
* → Japanese: 汕頭(シャントウ) (Shantō)
* → Korean: 산터우 (Santeou)
* → Thai: ซัวเถา (suua-tǎo)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 汕 | 頭 |
| すわ Hyōgai | とう Grade: 2 |
| irregular ||
* Alternative spelling
* 仙頭 (misspelling)
From English Swatow, from Teochew 汕頭／汕头 (suan1 tao5).

#### Alternative forms

* 汕頭(せんとう) (Sentō), 汕頭(シャントウ) (Shantō)

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sɨβ̞a̠to̞ː]

#### Proper noun

汕頭(スワトウ) • (Suwatō)
* Shantou (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 汕 | 頭 |
| せん Hyōgai | とう Grade: 2 |
| on'yomi ||
The Sino-Japanese reading of Chinese 汕頭／汕头 (Shàntóu).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [sẽ̞nto̞ː]

#### Proper noun

汕(せん)頭(とう) • (Sentō)
* Alternative form of 汕頭 (Suwatō, “Shantou (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China)”)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 汕 | 頭 |
| しゃん Hyōgai | とう Grade: 2 |
| irregular ||
From Mandarin 汕頭／汕头 (Shàntóu).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɕã̠nto̞ː]

#### Proper noun

汕頭(シャントウ) • (Shantō)
* Alternative form of 汕頭 (Suwatō, “Shantou (a prefecture-level city in Guangdong, China)”)