# 杈

| 杈 | U+6748, &#26440; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6748 |
| ← 杇 [U+6747] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 杉 → [U+6749] |

## Translingual
### Han character

杈 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+3, 7 strokes, cangjie input 木水戈 (DEI), four-corner 4794$_0$, composition ⿰木叉)
* branch of a tree

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 511, character 3
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14451
* Dae Jaweon: page 895, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1163, character 4
* Unihan data for U+6748

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 叉 | *sʰraːl, *sʰreːl |
| 杈 | *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːls |
| 靫 | *sʰraːl, *sʰreːl |
| 汊 | *sʰraːls |
| 衩 | *sʰraːls, *sʰreːls |
| 扠 | *hr'eːl |
| 釵 | *sʰreːl |
| 芆 | *sʰreːl |
| 訍 | *sʰreːls |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *sʰraːl, *sʰraːls, *sʰreːls) : semantic 木 + phonetic 叉 (OC *sʰraːl, *sʰreːl).

### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation 1

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chā (cha$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caa$^1$ / caa$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chha / chhe / chhee
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chā
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cha
*** Wade–Giles: chʻa$^1$
*** Yale: chā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
*** Palladius: ча (ča)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caa$^1$ / caa$^3$
*** Yale: chā / cha
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaa$^1$ / tsaa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ca$^1$ / ca$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰaː³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chha
*** Tâi-lô: tsha
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
*** Tâi-lô: tshe
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhee
*** Tâi-lô: tshee
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/
* chha - literary;
* chhe/chhee - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsrhae, tsrheaH
Rime :
| Character | 杈 | 杈 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 佳 (31) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 初加切 | 楚懈切 |
| Baxter | tsrhae | tsrheaH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰˠa/ | /t͡ʃʰˠɛ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚa/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰa/ | /t͡ʃʰæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨ/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰa/ | /t͡ʃʰɛ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰa/ | /t͡ʃʰai$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰa/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰai$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chā | chài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caa$^1$ | caai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːl/, /*sʰraːls/, /*sʰreːls/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 杈 | 杈 | 杈 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 1176 | 1179 | 1187 |
| Phonetic component | 叉 | 叉 | 叉 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 歌 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 叉 | | 差 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰraːl/ | /*sʰraːls/ | /*sʰreːls/ |

##### Definitions

杈
* pitchfork

#### Pronunciation 2

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): chà, chā
    (Zhuyin): ㄔㄚˋ, ㄔㄚ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): caa$^1$ / caa$^3$
* Jin (Wiktionary): ca$^3$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chha / chhe / chhee
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese, Mainland)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chà
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄚˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: chà
*** Wade–Giles: chʻa$^4$
*** Yale: chà
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chah
*** Palladius: ча (ča)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: chā
*** Zhuyin: ㄔㄚ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cha
*** Wade–Giles: chʻa$^1$
*** Yale: chā
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cha
*** Palladius: ча (ča)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʈ͡ʂʰä⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: caa$^1$ / caa$^3$
*** Yale: chā / cha
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsaa$^1$ / tsaa$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ca$^1$ / ca$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰaː⁵⁵/, /t͡sʰaː³³/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: ca$^3$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡sʰa⁴⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chha
*** Tâi-lô: tsha
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhaf
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰa³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰa⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhe
*** Tâi-lô: tshe
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhef
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰe³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen): /t͡sʰe⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhee
*** Tâi-lô: tshee
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ⁴⁴/
* chha - literary;
* chhe/chhee - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: tsrhae, tsrheaH
Rime :
| Character | 杈 | 杈 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 初 (19) | 初 (19) |
| Final (韻) | 麻 (98) | 佳 (31) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | II |
| Fanqie | 初加切 | 楚懈切 |
| Baxter | tsrhae | tsrheaH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡ʃʰˠa/ | /t͡ʃʰˠɛ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚa/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰᵚæ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡ʃʰa/ | /t͡ʃʰæi$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨ/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰaɨj$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡ʃʰa/ | /t͡ʃʰɛ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡ʃʰa/ | /t͡ʃʰai$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʈ͡ʂʰa/ | /ʈ͡ʂʰai$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | chā | chài |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | caa$^1$ | caai$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰraːl/, /*sʰraːls/, /*sʰreːls/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 杈 | 杈 | 杈 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 2/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 1176 | 1179 | 1187 |
| Phonetic component | 叉 | 叉 | 叉 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 歌 | 歌 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 叉 | | 差 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰraːl/ | /*sʰraːls/ | /*sʰreːls/ |

##### Definitions

杈
* fork of a tree

#### Compounds

* 丫杈 (yāchà)
* 杈丫
* 杈子 (chàzi)
* 杈枒／杈丫
* 杈桿兒／杈杆儿
* 杈椏／杈桠
* 枝杈 (zhīchā)
* 枒杈／丫杈
* 椏杈／桠杈 (yāchà)
* 樹杈／树杈 (shùchà)

### Etymology 2

* For pronunciation and definitions of 杈 – see 權 (“power; authority; right; entitlement; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 權).

### References

* “杈”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), B01620
* Dictionary of Chinese Character Variants (教育部異體字字典), A02050-023

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* fork of a tree
* pitchfork

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): さ (sa)、しゃ (sha)、さい (sai)
* Kun: えだ (eda)

## Korean
### Hanja

杈 (eum 차 (cha))
* 가지: branch

## Vietnamese
### Han character

杈: Hán Nôm readings: soa, xà, xoa
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* Nom Foundation