# 山谷
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): shāngǔ
    (Zhuyin): ㄕㄢ ㄍㄨˇ
* Cantonese
    (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): saan$^1$ guk$^1$
    (Taishan, Wiktionary): san$^1$ guuk$^2$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sân-kuk
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): soaⁿ-kok / san-kok
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: shāngǔ
*** Zhuyin: ㄕㄢ ㄍㄨˇ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: shangǔ
*** Wade–Giles: shan$^1$-ku$^3$
*** Yale: shān-gǔ
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanguu
*** Palladius: шаньгу (šanʹgu)
*** Sinological IPA : /ʂän⁵⁵ ku²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: saan$^1$ guk$^1$
*** Yale: sāan gūk
*** Cantonese Pinyin: saan$^1$ guk$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: san$^1$ gug$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /saːn⁵⁵ kʊk̚⁵/
** (Taishanese, Taicheng)
*** Wiktionary: san$^1$ guuk$^2$
*** Sinological IPA : /san³³ kɵk̚⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-kuk
*** Hakka Romanization System: san$^ˊ$ gug$^ˋ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: san$^1$ gug$^5$
*** Sinological IPA: /san²⁴ kuk̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-kok
*** Tâi-lô: suann-kok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: svoa'kog
*** IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ kɔk̚³²/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ kɔk̚⁵/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: san-kok
*** Tâi-lô: san-kok
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sankog
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /san⁴⁴⁻²² kɔk̚³²/

### Noun

山谷
* mountain valley
    From: The Book of Han, circa 1st century CE
    Yídí zhī rén tān ér hǎolì, bèifà zuǒrèn, rénmiànshòuxīn. Qí yǔ Zhōngguó shū zhāngfú, yì xísú, yǐnshí bùtóng, yányǔ bùtōng, pì jū běichuí hánlù zhī yě, zhú cǎo suí xù, shèliè wèishēng, gé yǐ shāngǔ, yōng yǐ shāmù, tiāndì suǒyǐ jué wàinèi yě. [Pinyin]
    The Yi and the Di people are greedy and desirous of gain; they wear their hair down their backs and fasten their garments on the left; they have human faces but the hearts of wild beasts. Their ceremonial garments differ from those worn in the Central States [of China]; their customs and diet differ from ours; and our languages are mutually unintelligible. They dwell far away, in the cold, on the bare lands of the north, driving their herds in pursuit of pasture, and hunting with the bow and arrow in order to sustain themselves. They are separated from us by mountains and valleys and cut off by the desert. By these means did Heaven and Earth divide inner from outer.

#### Usage notes

In Chinese, 谷地 (gǔdì) is an umbrella term that can refer to any kind of valley; to be more specific, the terms 山谷 (shāngǔ), 河谷 (hégǔ) and 低谷 (dīgǔ) are used to refer to mountain valleys, river valleys and low-lying valleys respectively.

#### Synonyms

* (Xiang) 山衝裡／山冲里
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 山谷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 山谷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing (Pinggu) | 山溝兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 山谷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tianjin (Wuqing) | 山谷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 山谷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 山坳 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 山溝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 山谷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 山谷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 山谷, 山溝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 山谷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 山溝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 山溝 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 山谷 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tieling | 山溝 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 山谷 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 山谷 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 山溝 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xiong'an | 山谷 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Xingtai | 山溝 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Hengshui | 山谷 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 山谷 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Weifang (Weicheng) | 山溝 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Rizhao | 山溝 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 山溝 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Liaocheng | 山溝 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Dezhou | 山溝 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tai'an | 山溝 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Zibo | 山溝 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 山谷, 山溝 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 山谷 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 山溝 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luohe | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhumadian | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuchang | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Pingdingshan | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zaozhuang | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linyi | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Heze | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 山谷 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Kaifeng | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Puyang | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Ankang | 山谷 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 山溝 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Suqian | 山谷 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 山谷 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Bengbu | 山谷 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Wuzhong | 山溝 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 溝 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 山溝 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 山溝 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 山溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 山谷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu (Xindu) | 山谷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Deyang | 山溝溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mianyang | 山溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guangyuan | 山溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Luzhou | 山谷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Leshan | 山溝溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Neijiang | 山溝溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 山溝, 山溝溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 山溝, 山溝溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing (Jiangjin) | 山溝溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 山溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Shiyan | 山溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 山溝溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 山溝溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 山溝溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Sinan | 山溝溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 山溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Qujing | 山谷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wenshan | 山谷 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 山沖, 山窩 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 山沖 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 山谷, 山溝溝 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 山溝 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 山谷 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 山谷 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Taizhou | 山谷 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 山谷 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huai'an | 山谷 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 山谷 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yancheng | 山谷 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 山溝 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 山谷 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lu'an | 山谷 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Huanggang | 山溝 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xiaogan | 山谷 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 山谷 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 山谷 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 山谷 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 山坑, 山谷 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 山坑 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 山坑 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Luohu) | 山坑 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 山坑 |
| Cantonese | Zhanjiang | 山坳 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 山溝 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 山沖 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 山坳 |
| Cantonese | Baise | 山坳 |
| Cantonese | Qinzhou | 山坳 |
| Gan | Xiushui | 山窩 |
| Gan | Yichun | 山窩 |
| Gan | Taihe | 山坑 |
| Gan | Pingjiang (Xijiang) | 山溝 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 山坑 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 山坑 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 山坑 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 山坳 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 山谷 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 山窩 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 山溝 |
| Jin | Datong | 山溝, 溝 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 山溝 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 溝 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 山谷 |
| Jin | Baotou | 山溝 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 山溝 |
| Jin | Handan | 山溝 |
| Jin | Anyang | 山溝 |
| Jin | Jiaozuo | 山溝 |
| Jin | Yan'an | 山溝 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 山坑 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 山坑 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 山坑 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 山坑 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 山溝 |
| Southern Min | Pinghe | 山坑 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 山谷 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 山谷 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 山窩 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 山坑 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 山谷 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 山坑 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 山坳坳, 山谷, 山坳 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Zhoupu, Pudong) | 山谷 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 山坳坳 |
| Wu | Wuxi | 山坳坳, 山坳 |
| Wu | Kunshan | 山谷 |
| Wu | Haining (Yanguan) | 山坳 |
| Wu | Changzhou | 山溝 |
| Wu | Anji | 山坳 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 山谷 |
| Wu | Shaoxing | 山坳 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 山坑 |
| Wu | Zhoushan | 山坳 |
| Wu | Wenling | 山坑 |
| Wu | Yongjia (Fenglin) | 山坳 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 山坑 |
| Wu | Shangrao | 山坑 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 山坳 |
| Xiang | Shaoyang | 山谷 |
| Xiang | Zhuzhou | 山沖 |
| Xiang | Hengyang | 山窩 |

#### See also

* 低谷 (dīgǔ)
* 谷地 (gǔdì)
* 河谷 (hégǔ)