# 與及
## Chinese
### Etymology

Compound of 與／与 (“and”) +‎ 及 (“and”), or reanalysis of 以及 (ji$^5$ kap$^6$, “as well as; along with; and”) (Chang, 1989).

### Pronunciation

* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyu$^5$ kap$^6$
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyu$^5$ kap$^6$
*** Yale: yúh kahp
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jy$^5$ kap$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yu$^5$ keb$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyː¹³ kʰɐp̚²/

### Conjunction

與及
* (Cantonese, formal, sometimes proscribed) and
** 1828, 招子庸 [Chîû Tsz-yung], “唔好死 [Error in death]”, in 《粵謳》 [Cantonese Love-Songs], 西關澄天閣, page 2:
       cing$^4$ ji$^6$ loeng$^5$ cyun$^4$ cin$^1$ gu$^2$ hon$^2$ gin$^3$ m$^4$ zoi$^6$ gei$^2$ jyun$^5$ nei$^5$ tai$^2$ hung$^4$ lau$^4$ mung$^6$ soeng$^6$ saam$^1$ ze$^2$ jyu$^5$ kap$^6$ lau$^5$ soeng$^1$ lin$^4$ [Jyutping]
       Passion and faith, these two, a thousand aeons rarely see them consummate. / The proof is not far: / Ye see it in that which the 'Red Chamber Dream' tells of Sister Tertia and of Lau Söng-lin. [translation by Cecil Clementi]
** 1863, Charles Finney Preston, 《耶穌言行撮要俗話》 [Important Selections from the Life of Christ], Guangzhou: 雙門底福音堂, Luke 7:11:
       ming$^4$ jat$^6$, je$^4$ sou$^1$ jap$^6$ heoi$^3$ jat$^1$ jap$^1$, ming$^4$ giu$^3$ zou$^6$ naa$^4$ jan$^1$, mun$^4$ tou$^4$ jyu$^5$ kap$^6$ sing$^4$ kwan$^4$ jan$^4$ tung$^4$ hang$^4$ [Jyutping]
       And it came to pass the day after, that he went into a city called Nain; and many of his disciples went with him, and much people.
** 1906, 《新約全書·廣東話》 [Canton Colloquial New Testament]‎, British and Foreign Bible Society, 馬太福音 [Matthew] 23:13:
       nei$^5$ dei$^6$ ngai$^6$ sin$^6$ ge$^3$ duk$^6$ syu$^1$ jan$^4$, jyu$^5$ kap$^6$ faat$^3$ lei$^6$ coi$^3$ jan$^4$ jau$^5$ wo$^6$ lo$^3$, jan$^1$ wai$^6$ nei$^5$ hai$^2$ jan$^4$ dei$^6$ min$^6$ cin$^4$, bai$^3$ maai$^4$ tin$^1$ gwok$^3$, nei$^5$ zi$^6$ gei$^2$ m$^4$ jap$^6$, go$^3$ di$^1$ zoeng$^1$ gan$^6$ jap$^6$ ge$^3$, nei$^5$ dou$^1$ m$^4$ bei$^2$ keoi$^5$ jap$^6$ aa$^3$. [Jyutping]
       But woe unto you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for ye shut up the kingdom of heaven against men: for ye neither go in yourselves, neither suffer ye them that are entering to go in.
** 2004, “世上只有 [Only You in the World]”, 黃偉文 [Wyman Wong] (lyrics), 陳光榮 [Punk Chan] (music)‎performed by 容祖兒 [Joey Yung]:
       ze$^6$ ze$^6$ nei$^5$ dik$^1$ gwaan$^1$ gu$^3$, jyu$^5$ kap$^6$ mou$^4$ soeng$^4$ dik$^1$ oi$^3$ wu$^6$ [Jyutping]
       thank you for your care and selfless love
** 2013, 郭鴻標 [Benedict H. Kwok], 《生命師傅：神學教育與生命建立》, Hong Kong: 建道神學院, →ISBN, pages 94–95:
       so$^2$ ji$^5$, ngo$^5$ mun$^4$ ho$^2$ ji$^5$ tau$^3$ gwo$^3$ soeng$^6$ dai$^3$ zoi$^6$ daai$^6$ zi$^6$ jin$^4$, jan$^4$ leoi$^6$ lik$^6$ si$^2$ jyu$^5$ kap$^6$ man$^4$ faa$^3$ dik$^1$ gung$^1$ zok$^3$ gaau$^3$ dou$^6$ jan$^4$ jing$^6$ sik$^1$ soeng$^6$ dai$^3$ si$^6$ jyu$^5$ zau$^6$ dik$^1$ zyu$^2$, lik$^6$ si$^2$ dik$^1$ zyu$^2$ jyu$^5$ kap$^6$ sang$^1$ ming$^6$ dik$^1$ zyu$^2$. [Jyutping]
       So, through God's work in nature, human history and culture, we can teach people to know God as the Lord of the universe, the Lord of history and the Lord of life.
** 2021, “時候不早 [About Time]”, 鄭敏 [Cheng Man], 馬敬恆 [T-Ma] (lyrics), 張天賦 [MC], GooChan, and 馬敬恆 [T-Ma] (music)‎performed by 張天賦 [MC]:
       pou$^5$ gan$^2$ ze$^2$ miu$^5$ gam$^2$ gok$^3$ jyu$^5$ kap$^6$ wan$^1$ dou$^6$ [Jyutping]
       hold on tight to the feeling and warmth of this second

#### Usage notes

Sometimes proscribed in favour of 以及 (ji$^5$ kap$^6$), found in Modern Standard Chinese.

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 與, 及 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 和, 與, 及, 與及 Cantonese |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 跟, 和 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 跟, 和 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Malaysia | 和, 跟 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 和, 跟 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 和, 跟, 給 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 和 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 和 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong (Ronghe) | 連 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 跟, 連 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 帶, 和 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 給 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) | 帶 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 連 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 跟, 和 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 跟, 連, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 跟, 給, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 跟 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 跟, 同, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 跟, 和 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 跟, 同, 和 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 告, 跟 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 跟, 交 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 跟 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 同, 同埋 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 鄧, 同 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Penang (Guangfu) | 同 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 同 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 跟, 同 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 和 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 同, 跟 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 同, 摎 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 澗 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 摎 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 同 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 摎 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 同 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 摎 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 和 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 摎 |
| Hakka | Kuching (Hepo) | 佮 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 搭 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 和, 跟 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 給 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 邀 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou (Dikou) | 邀, 儉, 教 |
| Northern Min | Zhenghe (Zhenqian) | 邀 |
| Northern Min | Pucheng (Shibei) | 邀, 跟 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 共 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 隨 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 傮, 共 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 跟 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 佮, 交 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 佮, 交 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 交 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 佮, 交 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 佮, 共 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Pontianak (Teochew) | 佮 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 共 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 共 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 共 |
| Southern Min | Qionghai | 共 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 同, 同埋 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 跟, 邀 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 脫, 脫仔, 得, 得仔, 搭, 搭仔, 交, 幫, 同, 跟 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Songjiang) | 搭 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 脫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 搭, 搭仔 |
| Wu | Danyang | 同, 跟 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 同 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 搭, 搭仔 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 伉 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 亨, 跟 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 跟 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 跟 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 跟, 同 |

### Further reading

* 張雙慶 (1989) “「而矣」和「與及」”, in 《中國語文通訊》‎ (in Chinese), volume 4, pages 23–24