# 磨滅
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): mómiè
    (Zhuyin): ㄇㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): mo$^4$ mit$^6$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): bôa-bia̍t
    (Teochew, Peng'im): bhua$^5$ mig$^8$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: mómiè
*** Zhuyin: ㄇㄛˊ ㄇㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: mómiè
*** Wade–Giles: mo$^2$-mieh$^4$
*** Yale: mwó-myè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: momieh
*** Palladius: моме (mome)
*** Sinological IPA : /mu̯ɔ³⁵ mi̯ɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: mo$^4$ mit$^6$
*** Yale: mòh miht
*** Cantonese Pinyin: mo$^4$ mit$^9$
*** Guangdong Romanization: mo$^4$ mid$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /mɔː²¹ miːt̚²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bôa-bia̍t
*** Tâi-lô: buâ-bia̍t
*** Phofsit Daibuun: boa'biat
*** IPA (Xiamen): /bua²⁴⁻²² biɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /bua²⁴⁻²² biɛt̚²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /bua¹³⁻²² biɛt̚¹²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /bua²⁴⁻¹¹ biɛt̚⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /bua²³⁻³³ biɛt̚⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: bhua$^5$ mig$^8$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: buâ mi̍k
*** Sinological IPA : /bua⁵⁵⁻¹¹ mik̚⁴/
* Middle Chinese: ma mjiet
Rime :
| Character | 磨 | 滅 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 明 (4) | 明 (4) |
| Final (韻) | 戈 (95) | 薛 (81) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Closed | Open |
| Division (等) | I | III |
| Fanqie | 莫婆切 | 亡列切 |
| Baxter | ma | mjiet |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /muɑ/ | /miᴇt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /muɑ/ | /miɛt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /muɑ/ | /mjæt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /mwa/ | /miat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /muɑ/ | /miɛt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /muɑ/ | /mĭɛt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /muɑ/ | /mi̯ɛt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | mó | miè |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | mo$^4$ | mit$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*mˤaj [m]et/
    (Zhengzhang): /*maːl med/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 磨 | 滅 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | mó | miè |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ ma › | ‹ mjiet › |
| Old Chinese | /*mˁaj/ | /*[m]et/ |
| English | rub, grind | destroy |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 磨 | 滅 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 8706 | 13942 |
| Phonetic component | 麻 | 戌 |
| Rime group | 歌 | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 摩 | 滅 |
| Old Chinese | /*maːl/ | /*med/ |
| Notes | | 烕轉註 |

### Verb

磨滅
* to blot out; to refuse to recognize
    From: 1st century BCE, Sima Qian, Letter to Ren An. Translated by Burton Watson.
    Gǔ zhě fùguì ér míng mómiè, bùkě shēngjì, wéi tìtǎng fēicháng zhī rén chēng yān. [Pinyin]
    Too numerous to record are the men of ancient times who were rich and noble and whose name have yet vanished away. It is only those who were masterful and sure, the truly extraordinary ones, who are still remembered.

#### Derived terms

* 不可磨滅／不可磨灭 (bùkěmómiè)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 磨 | 滅 |
| ま Grade: S | めつ Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* 摩滅

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) まめつ [màmétsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ma̠me̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

磨(ま)滅(めつ) • (mametsu)
* wear, abrasion, being worn down, being worn away

### Verb

磨(ま)滅(めつ)する • (mametsu suru) intransitive suru (stem 磨(ま)滅(めつ)し (mametsu shi), past 磨(ま)滅(めつ)した (mametsu shita))
* to wear, to be worn down, to be worn away
    Synonyms: 磨り減る (suriheru), 磨耗する (mamō suru)
** 1949, 野村胡堂, 古城の真昼‎, 青空文庫:
    ぐるりと十(じゅう)二(に)人(にん)、六(ろく)七(しち)尺(しゃく)の自(し)然(ぜん)石(せき)の碑(いしぶみ)を取(とり)巻(ま)いて、ためつすかしつしますが、風(ふう)雨(う)に磨(ま)滅(めつ)した上(うえ)、散(さん)々(ざん)に苔蒸(こけむ)してどう見(けん)当(とう)をつけても読(よ)み下(くだ)せません。
       Gururi to jūni-nin, roku-shichi-shaku no shizenseki no ishibumi o torimaite, tametsu sukashitsu shimasu ga, fūu ni mametsu shita ue, sanzan ni kokemushite dō kentō o tsukete mo yomikudasemasen.
       The twelve surrounded the six-or-seven-shaku-tall monument made of natural stone and examined it closely from all angles, but it had been worn down by the elements and was completely covered in moss, so they could not read it however hard they tried.

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 磨滅し | まめつし | mametsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 磨滅し | まめつし | mametsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 磨滅する | まめつする | mametsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 磨滅する | まめつする | mametsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 磨滅すれ | まめつすれ | mametsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 磨滅せよ¹ 磨滅しろ² | まめつせよ¹ まめつしろ² | mametsu seyo¹ mametsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 磨滅される | まめつされる | mametsu sareru |
| Causative | 磨滅させる 磨滅さす | まめつさせる まめつさす | mametsu saseru mametsu sasu |
| Potential | 磨滅できる | まめつできる | mametsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 磨滅しよう | まめつしよう | mametsu shiyō |
| Negative | 磨滅しない | まめつしない | mametsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 磨滅せず | まめつせず | mametsu sezu |
| Formal | 磨滅します | まめつします | mametsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 磨滅した | まめつした | mametsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 磨滅して | まめつして | mametsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 磨滅すれば | まめつすれば | mametsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||