# ⲧⲱⲣϣ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ⲑⲱⲣϣ (thōrš) — Bohairic

### Verb

ⲧⲱⲣϣ • (tōrš)
* (Akhmimic, Sahidic, intransitive) to be red

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲣϣ tōrš | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲣϣ tōrš |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ tm̄tōrš, tm̄n̄tōrš | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄n̄tōrš |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲱⲣϣ titōrš | ⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ ktōrš | ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ tetōrš | ϥⲧⲱⲣϣ ftōrš | ⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ stōrš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ tn̄tōrš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ tetn̄tōrš | ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ setōrš | ⲧⲱⲣϣ tōrš |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ eïtōrš | ⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ ektōrš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ eretōrš | ⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ eftōrš | ⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ estōrš | ⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ entōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ eutōrš | ⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ e- tōrš, ere- tōrš |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲱⲣϣ etitōrš | ⲉⲧⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ etktōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ etetōrš, eteretōrš | ⲉⲧϥⲧⲱⲣϣ etftōrš | ⲉⲧⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ etstōrš | ⲉⲧⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ etntōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ etoutōrš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ ete- tōrš, etere- tōrš |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ naïtōrš | ⲛⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ naktōrš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ naretōrš | ⲛⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ naftōrš | ⲛⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ nastōrš | ⲛⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ nantōrš | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ natetn̄tōrš | ⲛⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ nautōrš | ⲛⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ na- tōrš, nare- tōrš |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ aitōrš | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ aktōrš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ aretōrš | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ aftōrš | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ astōrš | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ antōrš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ aretentōrš | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ autōrš | ⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲁⲣ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ a- tōrš, ar- tōrš, are- tōrš |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ tinatōrš | ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ knatōrš | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ tenatōrš | ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ fnatōrš | ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ snatōrš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ tn̄natōrš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ tetnatōrš | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ senatōrš | ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ natōrš |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ eïnatōrš | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ eknatōrš | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ erenatōrš | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ efnatōrš | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ esnatōrš | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ ennatōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etetnatōrš | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ eunatōrš | ⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ e- natōrš |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etinatōrš | ⲉⲧⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etknatōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etenatōrš, eterenatōrš | ⲉⲧϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etfnatōrš | ⲉⲧⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etsnatōrš | ⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etnnatōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etetnatōrš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etounatōrš | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ ete- natōrš |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ naïnatōrš | ⲛⲁⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ naknatōrš | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ narenatōrš | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ nafnatōrš | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ nasnatōrš | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ nannatōrš | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ netetnatōrš | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ naunatōrš | ⲛⲁ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ na- natōrš |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ ainatōrš | ⲁⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ aknatōrš, eknatōrš | ⲁⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ aratōrš | ⲁϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ afnatōrš | ⲁⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ asnatōrš | ⲁⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ annatōrš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ aretennatōrš | ⲁⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ aunatōrš | ⲁ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ a- natōrš, are- natōrš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en | … ⲉⲛ … en |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ aïtōrš | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ aktōrš | ⲁⲣⲧⲱⲣϣ artōrš | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ aftōrš | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ astōrš | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ antōrš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ atetn̄tōrš | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ autōrš | ⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ a- tōrš |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pitōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pk̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄petōrš, m̄pr̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pf̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄ps̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pn̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄petn̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄poutōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pe- tōrš |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ eaïtōrš | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ eaktōrš | ⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱⲣϣ eartōrš | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ eaftōrš | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ eastōrš | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ eantōrš | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ eatetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ eautōrš | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ ea- tōrš |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pitōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pk̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄petōrš, em̄pr̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pf̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄ps̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pn̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄petn̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄poutōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pe- tōrš |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ etaïtōrš | ⲉⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ etaktōrš | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱⲣϣ etartōrš | ⲉⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ etaftōrš | ⲉⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ etastōrš | ⲉⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ etantōrš | ⲉⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etatetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ etautōrš | ⲉⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ eta- tōrš |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pitōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pk̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄petōrš, etem̄pr̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pf̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄ps̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄petn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄poutōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pe- tōrš |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ neaïtōrš | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ neaktōrš | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱⲣϣ neartōrš | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ neaftōrš | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ neastōrš | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ neantōrš | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ neatetn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ neautōrš | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ nea- tōrš |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pitōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pk̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄petōrš, nem̄pr̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pf̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄ps̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄petn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄poutōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pe- tōrš |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ naïtōrš | ⲛⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ naktōrš | ⲛⲁⲣⲧⲱⲣϣ nartōrš | ⲛⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ naftōrš | ⲛⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ nastōrš | ⲛⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ nantōrš | ⲛⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ natetn̄tōrš | ⲛⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ nautōrš | ⲛⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ na- tōrš |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patitōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patk̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patetōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patf̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pats̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patn̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patetn̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patoutōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pate- tōrš |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patitōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patk̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patetōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patf̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pats̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patn̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patoutōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pate- tōrš |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patitōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patk̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patetōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patf̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pats̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patoutōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pate- tōrš |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patitōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patk̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patetōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patf̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pats̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patetn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patoutōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pate- tōrš |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ xareïtōrš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ xarektōrš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ xaretōrš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ xareftōrš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ xarestōrš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ xarentōrš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ xaretetn̄tōrš | ⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ xaroutōrš | ⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ xare- tōrš |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ maïtōrš | ⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ maktōrš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ maretōrš | ⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ maftōrš | ⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ mastōrš | ⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ mantōrš | ⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ matetn̄tōrš | ⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ mautōrš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲙⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ mare- tōrš, ma- tōrš |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ exareïtōrš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ exarektōrš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ exaretōrš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ exareftōrš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ exarestōrš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ exarentōrš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ exaretetn̄tōrš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ exaroutōrš | ⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ exare- tōrš |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ emaïtōrš | ⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ emaktōrš | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ emaretōrš | ⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ emaftōrš | ⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ emastōrš | ⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ emantōrš | ⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ ematetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ emautōrš | ⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲙⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ emare- tōrš, ema- tōrš |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ etexareïtōrš, etxareïtōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ etexarektōrš, etxarektōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ etexaretōrš, etxaretōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ etexareftōrš, etxareftōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ etexarestōrš, etxarestōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ etexarentōrš, etxarentōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etexaretetn̄tōrš, etxaretetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ etexaroutōrš, etxaroutōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ etexare- tōrš, etxare- tōrš |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ etemaïtōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ etemaktōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ etemaretōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ etemaftōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ etemastōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ etemantōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etematetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ etemautōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ etemare- tōrš, etema- tōrš |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ nexareïtōrš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ nexarektōrš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ nexaretōrš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ nexareftōrš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ nexarestōrš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ nexarentōrš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nexaretetn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ nexaroutōrš | ⲛⲉⳉⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ nexare- tōrš |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ nemaïtōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ nemaktōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ nemaretōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ nemaftōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ nemastōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ nemantōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nematetn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ nemautōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛⲉⲙⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ nemare- tōrš, nema- tōrš |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲁⲙⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ amaïtōrš | ⲁⲙⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ amaktōrš | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ amaretōrš | ⲁⲙⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ amaftōrš | ⲁⲙⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ amastōrš | ⲁⲙⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ amantōrš | ⲁⲙⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ amatetn̄tōrš | ⲁⲙⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ amautōrš | ⲁⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲙⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ amare- tōrš, ma- tōrš |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ aïatōrš | ⲁⲕⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ akatōrš | ⲁⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ aratōrš | ⲁϥⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ afatōrš | ⲁⲥⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ asatōrš | ⲁⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ anatōrš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ atetnatōrš | ⲁⲩⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ auatōrš | ⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ a- tōrš |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ natōrš, enatōrš | ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ nektōrš, enektōrš | ⲛⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ netōrš, enetōrš | ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ neftōrš, eneftōrš | ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ nestōrš, enestōrš | ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ nentōrš, enentōrš | ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ netn̄tōrš, enetn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ neutōrš, eneutōrš | ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ ne- tōrš |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ maritōrš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ mareftōrš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ marestōrš | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ marn̄tōrš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ maroutōrš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ mare- tōrš |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ mn̄tatōrš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ mn̄tf̄tōrš | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ mn̄ts̄tōrš | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ mn̄tn̄tōrš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ mn̄toutōrš | ⲙⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ mn̄te- tōrš |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥ | ⲁⲛⲁⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛⲉ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ tatōrš | ⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ ktōrš | ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ tetōrš | ϥⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧϥⲧⲱⲣϣ ftōrš, n̄tftōrš | ⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ stōrš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ tn̄tōrš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ tetn̄tōrš | ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲥⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ setōrš, soutōrš | ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ te- tōrš |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ taritōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ tarektōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ taretōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ tareftōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ tarestōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ tarn̄tōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ taretetn̄tōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ taroutōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ tare- tōrš |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄taritōrš, taritōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tarektōrš, tarektōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄taretōrš, taretōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tareftōrš, tareftōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tarestōrš, tarestōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tarn̄tōrš, tarn̄tōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄taretn̄tōrš, taretn̄tōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄taroutōrš, taroutōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tare- tōrš, tare- tōrš |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯⲧⲱⲣϣ šatitōrš | ϣⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ šatk̄tōrš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ šatetōrš | ϣⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ šatf̄tōrš | ϣⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ šats̄tōrš | ϣⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ šatn̄tōrš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ šatetn̄tōrš | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ šatoutōrš | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ šate- tōrš |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓ̈ϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ aïšatōrš, eïšatōrš | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲕϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ akšatōrš, ekšatōrš | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ arešatōrš, erešatōrš | ⲁϥϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉϥϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ afšatōrš, efšatōrš | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲥϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ asšatōrš, esšatōrš | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲛϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ anšatōrš, enšatōrš | ⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ ašatetn̄tōrš, ešatetn̄tōrš | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲩϣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ aušatōrš, eušatōrš | ⲁϣⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉϣⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ aša- tōrš, eša- tōrš |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ aïtōrš | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ aktōrš | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ aretōrš | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ aftōrš | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ astōrš | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ antōrš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ atetn̄tōrš | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ autōrš | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ are- tōrš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- | ⲧⲙ̄-, ⲧⲙ̄ⲛ̄- tm̄-, tm̄n̄- |
| infinitive | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲣϣ tōrš | imperative | affirmative | ⲧⲱⲣϣ tōrš |
| infinitive | negative | ⲧⲙ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ tm̄tōrš | imperative | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pr̄tōrš |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯⲧⲱⲣϣ titōrš | ⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ ktōrš | ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ tetōrš | ϥⲧⲱⲣϣ ftōrš | ⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ stōrš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ tn̄tōrš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ tetn̄tōrš | ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ setōrš | ⲧⲱⲣϣ tōrš |
| present | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ eïtōrš | ⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ ektōrš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ eretōrš | ⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ eftōrš | ⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ estōrš | ⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ entōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ eutōrš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ ere- tōrš |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲧⲱⲣϣ etitōrš | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etk̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ etetōrš, eteretōrš | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etf̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ ets̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ etoutōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ etere- tōrš |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ neïtōrš | ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ nektōrš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ neretōrš | ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ neftōrš | ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ nestōrš | ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ nentōrš | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ netetn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ neutōrš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ nere- tōrš |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ tinatōrš | ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ knatōrš | ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ tenatōrš | ϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ fnatōrš | ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ snatōrš | ⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ tn̄natōrš | ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ tetnatōrš | ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ senatōrš | ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ natōrš |
| future | circumstantial, focalising | circumstantial, focalising | ⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ eïnatōrš | ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ eknatōrš | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ erenatōrš | ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ efnatōrš | ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ esnatōrš | ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ ennatōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etetnatōrš | ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ eunatōrš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ ere- natōrš |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etinatōrš | ⲉⲧⲕ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etk̄natōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etenatōrš, eterenatōrš | ⲉⲧϥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etf̄natōrš | ⲉⲧⲥ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ ets̄natōrš | ⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etn̄natōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etetnatōrš | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etounatōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ etere- natōrš |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲉⲓ̈ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ neïnatōrš | ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ neknatōrš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ nerenatōrš | ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ nefnatōrš | ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ nesnatōrš | ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ nennatōrš | ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ netetnatōrš | ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ neunatōrš | ⲛⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ nere- natōrš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an | (ⲛ̄-) … ⲁⲛ (n̄-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ aïtōrš | ⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ aktōrš | ⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲁⲣⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ atōrš, artōrš, aretōrš | ⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ aftōrš | ⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ astōrš | ⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ antōrš | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ atetn̄tōrš | ⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ autōrš | ⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ a- tōrš |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pitōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pk̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄petōrš, m̄pr̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pf̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄ps̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pn̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄petn̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄poutōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pe- tōrš |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ eaïtōrš | ⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ eaktōrš | ⲉⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ eatōrš, eartōrš, earetōrš | ⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ eaftōrš | ⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ eastōrš | ⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ eantōrš | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ eatetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ eautōrš | ⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ ea- tōrš |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pitōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pk̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄petōrš, em̄pr̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pf̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄ps̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pn̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄petn̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄poutōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pe- tōrš |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ entaïtōrš, n̄taïtōrš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ entaktōrš, n̄taktōrš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ entatōrš, n̄tatōrš, entartōrš, n̄tartōrš, entaretōrš, n̄taretōrš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ entaftōrš, n̄taftōrš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ entastōrš, n̄tastōrš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ entantōrš, n̄tantōrš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ entatetn̄tōrš, n̄tatetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ entautōrš, n̄tautōrš | ⲉⲛⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ enta- tōrš, n̄ta- tōrš |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pitōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pk̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄petōrš, etem̄pr̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pf̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄ps̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄petn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄poutōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pe- tōrš |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ neaïtōrš | ⲛⲉⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ neaktōrš | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ neatōrš, neartōrš, nearetōrš | ⲛⲉⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ neaftōrš | ⲛⲉⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ neastōrš | ⲛⲉⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ neantōrš | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ neatetn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ neautōrš | ⲛⲉⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ nea- tōrš |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pitōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pk̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄petōrš, nem̄pr̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pf̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄ps̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄petn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄poutōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pe- tōrš |
| past | focalising | affirmative | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄taïtōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄taktōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tatōrš, n̄tartōrš, n̄taretōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄taftōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tastōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tantōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tatetn̄tōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tautōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄ta- tōrš |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patitōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patk̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patetōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patf̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pats̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patn̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patetn̄tōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄patoutōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pate- tōrš |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patitōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patk̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patetōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patf̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pats̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patn̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄patoutōrš | ⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ em̄pate- tōrš |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patitōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patk̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patetōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patf̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pats̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄patoutōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ etem̄pate- tōrš |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁϯⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patitōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patk̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patetōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patf̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pats̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patetn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄patoutōrš | ⲛⲉⲙ̄ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ nem̄pate- tōrš |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ šaïtōrš | ϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ šaktōrš | ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ šaretōrš | ϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ šaftōrš | ϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ šastōrš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ šantōrš | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ šatetn̄tōrš | ϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ šautōrš | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ šare- tōrš |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ meïtōrš | ⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ mektōrš | ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ meretōrš | ⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ meftōrš | ⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ mestōrš | ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ mentōrš | ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ metetn̄tōrš | ⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ meutōrš | ⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ mere- tōrš |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ ešaïtōrš | ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ ešaktōrš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ ešaretōrš | ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ ešaftōrš | ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ ešastōrš | ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ ešantōrš | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ ešatetn̄tōrš | ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ ešautōrš | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ ešare- tōrš |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ emeïtōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ emektōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ emeretōrš | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ emeftōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ emestōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ ementōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ emetetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ emeutōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ emere- tōrš |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ etešaïtōrš, ešaïtōrš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ etešaktōrš, ešaktōrš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ etešaretōrš, ešaretōrš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ etešaftōrš, ešaftōrš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ etešastōrš, ešastōrš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ etešantōrš, ešantōrš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etešatetn̄tōrš, ešatetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ etešautōrš, ešautōrš | ⲉⲧⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ etešare- tōrš, ešare- tōrš |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ etemeïtōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ etemektōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ etemeretōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ etemeftōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ etemestōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ etementōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etemetetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ etemeutōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ etemere- tōrš |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ nešaïtōrš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ nešaktōrš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ nešaretōrš | ⲛⲉϣⲁϥⲧⲱⲣϣ nešaftōrš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ nešastōrš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ nešantōrš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nešatetn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ nešautōrš | ⲛⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ nešare- tōrš |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ nemeïtōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ nemektōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ nemeretōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ nemeftōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ nemestōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ nementōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ nemetetn̄tōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ nemeutōrš | ⲛⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ nemere- tōrš |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ emeïtōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ emektōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ emeretōrš | ⲉⲙⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ emeftōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ emestōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ ementōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ emetetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ emeutōrš | ⲉⲙⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ emere- tōrš |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓ̈ⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ eïetōrš | ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ eketōrš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ eretōrš | ⲉϥⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ efetōrš | ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ esetōrš | ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ enetōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ etetnetōrš | ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ euetōrš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ ere- tōrš |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̄ⲛⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄natōrš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄nektōrš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄netōrš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄neftōrš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄nestōrš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄nentōrš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄netn̄tōrš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄neutōrš | ⲛ̄ⲛⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄ne- tōrš |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ maritōrš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ mareftōrš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ marestōrš | ⲙⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ marn̄tōrš | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ maroutōrš | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ mare- tōrš |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pr̄tratōrš | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pr̄treftōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pr̄trestōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pr̄trentōrš | (use imperative) | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pr̄treutōrš | ⲙ̄ⲡⲣ̄ⲧⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ m̄pr̄tre- tōrš |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲕ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟϥ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲧⲛ̄ | ⲛ̄ⲧⲟⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲧⲁⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tatōrš, tatōrš | ⲛ̄ⲅⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄gtōrš, n̄ktōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tetōrš | ⲛ̄ϥⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄ftōrš | ⲛ̄ⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄stōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tn̄tōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tetn̄tōrš | ⲛ̄ⲥⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄setōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄te- tōrš |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ taritōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ tarektōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ taretōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ tareftōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ tarestōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ tarn̄tōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ taretn̄tōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ taroutōrš | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ tare- tōrš |
| precursive | precursive | precursive | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲓⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄teritōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄terektōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲣⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄teretōrš, n̄terertōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tereftōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄terestōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tern̄tōrš, n̄terentōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄teretn̄tōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄teroutōrš | ⲛ̄ⲧⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ n̄tere- tōrš |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁⲛϯⲧⲱⲣϣ šantitōrš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ šantk̄tōrš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ šantetōrš | ϣⲁⲛⲧϥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ šantf̄tōrš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ šants̄tōrš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ šantn̄tōrš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ šantetn̄tōrš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ šantoutōrš | ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ šante- tōrš |
| conditional | long | long | ⲉⲓ̈ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ eïšantōrš | ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ ekšantōrš | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ, ⲉⲣⲉϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ eršantōrš, erešantōrš | ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ efšantōrš | ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ esšantōrš | ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ enšantōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ etetn̄šantōrš | ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ eušantōrš | ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ eršan- tōrš |
| conditional | short | short | ⲉⲓ̈ⲧⲱⲣϣ eïtōrš | ⲉⲕⲧⲱⲣϣ ektōrš | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲱⲣϣ eretōrš | ⲉϥⲧⲱⲣϣ eftōrš | ⲉⲥⲧⲱⲣϣ estōrš | ⲉⲛⲧⲱⲣϣ entōrš | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛ̄ⲧⲱⲣϣ etetn̄tōrš | ⲉⲩⲧⲱⲣϣ eutōrš | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲧⲱⲣϣ ere- tōrš |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- | ⲧⲙ̄- tm̄- |

#### Related terms

* ⲧⲣⲟϣ (troš, “be red”)
* ⲧⲣⲟϣⲣϣ (trošrš), ⲧⲣⲟϣⲣⲉϣ (trošreš, “become red; redness”)
* ⲧϣⲣⲉ (tšre, “grow red”)
* ⳉⳉⲧⲱⲣϣ (xxtōrš, “rust, red blight”) (Akhmimic)

### Adjective

ⲧⲱⲣϣ • (tōrš)
* (Sahidic, Akhmimic, intransitive) red

### References

* TLA lemma no. C4529 (ⲧⲱⲣϣ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
* TLA lemma no. C4530 (ⲧⲱⲣϣ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),
* Marcion Coptic dictionary