# 嚔

| 嚔 | U+5694, &#22164; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5694 |
| ← 嚓 [U+5693] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 嚕 → [U+5695] |

## Translingual
### Han character

嚔 (Kangxi radical 30, 口+15, 18 strokes, cangjie input 口十月人 (RJBO) or 難口十月人 (XRJBO), composition ⿰口𤴡)

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 212, character 26
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 4501
* Dae Jaweon: page 435, character 11
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 699, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5694

## Chinese

* For pronunciation and definitions of 嚔 – see 嚏 (“to sneeze”). (This character is a variant form of 嚏).

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* sneeze

#### Readings

* Go-on: たい (tai)
* Kan-on: てい (tei)
* Kun: くさめ (kusame, 嚔)、くっさめ (kussame, 嚔)、くしゃみ (kushami, 嚔)、はなひる (hanahiru, 嚔ひる)、ひる (hiru, 嚔る)

#### Compounds

* 嚔(はなひり)の木(き) (hanahiri no ki)

### Alternative forms

* 嚏

### Etymology 1

* Kanji in this term
* 嚔
* くしゃみ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 嚏
Alteration from kusame (see below).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くしゃみ [kùsháꜜmì] (Nakadaka –)
* IPA: [kɯ̟̊ɕa̠mʲi]

#### Noun

嚔(くしゃみ) • (kushami)
* a sneeze

##### Derived terms

* 嚔(くしゃみ)ガス (kushami gasu)

##### Idioms

* 狆(ちん)が嚔(くしゃみ)をしたよう (chin ga kushami o shita yō), 狆(ちん)くしゃ (chinkusha)

### Etymology 2

* Kanji in this term
* 嚔
* くさめ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 嚏
(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) くさめ [kùsáꜜmè] (Nakadaka – [2])
* IPA: [kɯ̟sa̠me̞]

#### Noun

嚔(くさめ) • (kusame)
* a sneeze

##### Derived terms

* くさめくさめ (kusamekusame): expression used after someone sneezes, said to break curses

### Etymology 3

* Kanji in this term
* 嚔
* くっさめ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 嚏
Gemination of kusame (see above).

#### Noun

嚔(くっさめ) • (kussame)
* a sneeze
* an achoo

### Etymology 4

* Kanji in this term
* 嚔
* ふ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
* Alternative spelling
* 嚏
From Old Japanese.

#### Verb

嚔(ふ) • (fu) intransitive $^†$nidan
* (obsolete) to sneeze
** c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 11, poem 2808:, text here
    眉(まよ)根(ね)掻(かき)鼻(はな)火(ひ)紐(ひも)解(とけ)待(まてり)八方(やも)何時(いつか)毛(も)将見(みむ)跡(と)戀来吾(こひこしわれ)乎(を) [Man'yōgana]
    眉(まよ)根(ね)掻(か)き鼻(はな)ひ紐(ひも)解(と)け待(ま)てりやもいつかも見(み)むと恋(こ)ひ来(こ)し我(わ)れを [Modern spelling]

##### Conjugation

Stem forms :
| Irrealis (未然形) | 嚔 | ひ | fi |
| Continuative (連用形) | 嚔 | ひ | fi |
| Terminal (終止形) | 嚔 | ふ | fu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 嚔る | ふる | furu |
| Realis (已然形) | 嚔れ | ふれ | fure |
| Imperative (命令形) | 嚔よ | ひよ | fiyo |
| Key constructions ||||
| Negative | 嚔ず | ひず | fizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 嚔れど | ふれど | furedo |
| Causal conjunction | 嚔れば | ふれば | fureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 嚔ば | ひば | fiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 嚔き | ひき | fiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 嚔けり | ひけり | fikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 嚔つ | ひつ | fitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 嚔ぬ | ひぬ | finu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 嚔たり | ひたり | fitari |
| Volitional | 嚔む | ひむ | fimu |

##### Derived terms

* 嚔(ひ)る (hiru, Classical Japanese form)

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

嚔 • (che) (hangeul 체, revised che, McCune–Reischauer ch'e)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.