# جمل
## Arabic

* Root
* ج م ل (j m l)
* 14 terms

### Etymology 1.1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒu.mal/

#### Verb

جَمَلَ • (jamala) I (non-past يَجْمُلُ (yajmulu), verbal noun جَمْل (jaml))
* to sum up, to summarize

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 1.2
#### Noun

جَمْل • (jaml) m
* verbal noun of جَمَلَ (jamala) (form I)

##### Declension
### Etymology 1.3
#### Noun

جُمَل • (jumal) pl
* plural of جُمْلَة (jumla)

### Etymology 2.1
#### Verb

جَمُلَ • (jamula) I (non-past يَجْمُلُ (yajmulu), verbal noun جَمَال (jamāl))
* to be beautiful, to be pretty, to be graceful
* to be handsome, to be comely
* to be appropriate, to be proper, to be suitable

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2.2
#### Verb

جَمَّلَ • (jammala) II (non-past يُجَمِّلُ (yujammilu), verbal noun تَجْمِيل (tajmīl))
* to make beautiful, to beautify, to embellish, to adorn

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 3

From Proto-West Semitic *gamal-.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /d͡ʒa.mal/

#### Noun

جَمَل • (jamal) m (plural جِمَال (jimāl) or جِمَالَة (jimāla) or أَجْمَال (ʔajmāl) or أَجْمُل (ʔajmul) or جِمَالَات (jimālāt), feminine نَاقَة (nāqa))
* male camel
* ellipsis of جَمَل الْيَهُود (jamal al-yahūd, “chameleon; mantis”).

##### Related terms

* جَمَّال (jammāl)
* اِسْتَنْوَق الْجَمَلُ (istanwaq al-jamalu)
* حِسَاب الْجُمَّل (ḥisāb al-jummal)

##### Descendants

* Egyptian Arabic: جمل (gámal)
* Maltese: ġemel
* → Swahili: ngamia
** → Iraqw: angamia (“camel”)
** → Tooro: engamiya (“camel; horse”), engamira (“camel”)

##### See also

* إِبِل (ʔibil, “camels”)

##### Further reading

* Singer, Hans-Rudolf (1977) “Fortleben alten Wortgutes in arabischen Beduinen-Mundarten. II: Bezeichnungen für Kameltrupps [Survival of old wordstock in Arabic bedouin dialects. II. Terms for camel flocks.]”, in Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft‎ (in German), volume 127, pages 254–257

## Ottoman Turkish
### Etymology

From Arabic جَمَل (jamal, “camel”).

### Noun

جمل • (cemel) (plural جمال or اجمال)
* male camel, especially a full-grown one
    Synonym: نر (ner)

### Further reading

* Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680) “جمل”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum‎, Vienna, columns 1651–1652
* Redhouse, James W. (1890) “جمل”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon‎, Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 677

## South Levantine Arabic
### Etymology 1

* Root
* ج م ل
* 3 terms
From Arabic جَمَّلَ (jammala).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒam.mal/, [ˈʒam.mal], [ˈd͡ʒam.mal]
* Audio (al-Lidd):(file)

#### Verb

جمّل • (jammal) II (present بجمّل (bijammel))
* to beautify, to make beautiful, to make pretty

##### Conjugation

Conjugation of جمّل (jammal) :
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| past | m | جمّلت (jammalt) | جمّلت (jammalt) | جمّل (jammal) | جمّلنا (jammalna) | جمّلتو (jammaltu) | جمّلو (jammalu) |
| past | f | جمّلت (jammalt) | جمّلتي (jammalti) | جمّلت (jammalat) | جمّلنا (jammalna) | جمّلتو (jammaltu) | جمّلو (jammalu) |
| present | m | بجمّل (bajammel) | بتجمّل (bitjammel) | بجمّل (bijammel) | منجمّل (minjammel) | بتجمّلو (bitjammlu) | بجمّلو (bijammlu) |
| present | f | بجمّل (bajammel) | بتجمّلي (bitjammli) | بتجمّل (bitjammel) | منجمّل (minjammel) | بتجمّلو (bitjammlu) | بجمّلو (bijammlu) |
| subjunctive | m | اجمّل (ajammel) | تجمّل (tjammel) | يجمّل (yjammel) | نجمّل (njammel) | تجمّلو (tjammlu) | يجمّلو (yjammlu) |
| subjunctive | f | اجمّل (ajammel) | تجمّلي (tjammli) | تجمّل (tjammel) | نجمّل (njammel) | تجمّلو (tjammlu) | يجمّلو (yjammlu) |
| imperative | m | | جمّل (jammel) | | | جمّلو (jammlu) | |
| imperative | f | | جمّلي (jammli) | | | جمّلو (jammlu) | |

### Etymology 2

From Arabic جَمَل (jamal).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʒa.mal/, [ˈʒa.mal]
* Audio (Ramallah):(file)

#### Noun

جمل • (jamal) m (plural جمال (jmāl), feminine ناقة (nāqa))
* camel