# 判官
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): pànguān
    (Zhuyin): ㄆㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): pun$^3$ gun$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'pong$^3$ guon$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): phan-kôn
* Jin (Wiktionary): pan$^3$ guan$^1$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): phòaⁿ-koaⁿ
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^5$phoe-kuoe
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: pànguān
*** Zhuyin: ㄆㄢˋ ㄍㄨㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: pànguan
*** Wade–Giles: pʻan$^4$-kuan$^1$
*** Yale: pàn-gwān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pannguan
*** Palladius: паньгуань (panʹguanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰän⁵¹ ku̯än⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: pun$^3$ gun$^1$
*** Yale: pun gūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: pun$^3$ gun$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: pun$^3$ gun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /pʰuːn³³ kuːn⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'pong$^3$ guon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈpʰɔŋ²¹³⁻¹³ kuɵn⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phan-kôn
*** Hakka Romanization System: pan gon$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: pan$^4$ gon$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /pʰan⁵⁵ kon²⁴/
* Jin
** (Taiyuan)
*** Wiktionary: pan$^3$ guan$^1$
*** Sinological IPA (old-style): /pʰæ̃⁴⁵ kuæ̃¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phòaⁿ-koaⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: phuànn-kuann
*** Phofsit Daibuun: phvoarkvoaf
*** IPA (Xiamen): /pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰuã⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kuã³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /pʰuã²¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /pʰuã¹¹⁻⁵³ kuã⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /pʰuã²¹⁻⁴¹ kuã⁴⁴/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^5$phoe-kuoe
*** MiniDict: phoe$^去$ kuoe
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^2$phoe-kuoe
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /pʰø³³ kuø⁴⁴/

### Noun

判官
* (historical) magistrate (clarification of this definition is needed)
* (regional) judge
* (Chinese mythology) official who assists Yama in the underworld

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 判 | 官 |
| はん Grade: 5 | かん > がん Grade: 4 |
| on'yomi ||
Literary Chinese 判官 (pànguān).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はんがん [háꜜǹgàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [hã̠ŋɡã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

判(はん)官(がん) • (hangan)
* (historical, in feudal China, government, law) a judge or magistrate
* (uncommon, government, law) Synonym of 裁判官 (saibankan, “judge; justice”)

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 判 | 官 |
| はん > ほう Grade: 5 | かん > がん Grade: 4 |
| irregular | on'yomi |
はんがん → はうがん → ほうがん
Minamoto no Yoshitsune was a 尉 (jō, see 判官 (jō)) at a 検非違使 (Kebiishi, “Judicial Department”).

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) ほーがん [hóꜜògàǹ] (Atamadaka – [1])
* IPA: [ho̞ːɡã̠ɴ]

#### Noun

判(ほう)官(がん) • (hōgan)
* Synonym of 判官 (jō)

#### Proper noun

判(ほう)官(がん) • (Hōgan)
* Synonym of 源義経 (Minamoto no Yoshitsune)

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 判 | 官 |
| ぞう ||
| Grade: 5 | Grade: 4 |
| jukujikun ||
Kanji in this term :
| 判 | 官 |
| じょう ||
| Grade: 5 | Grade: 4 |
| jukujikun ||
From the on-reading of 丞 (jō, literally “help; assistant”), one of the many department/agency-specific spellings of 判官 itself, in this case specific to a 省 (shō, “ministry”). The alternative reading, ぞう, is a result of depalatalization which is not uncommon.
じょう → ぞう

#### Alternative forms

* 祐 (神祇官 (Jingikan, “Department of Gods”))
* 丞 (省 (shō, “ministries”))
* 進 (職 (shiki))
* 允 (寮 (ryō))
* 佑 (司 (shi))
* 尉 (兵衛府 (Hyōefu) and 衛門府 (Emonfu))
* 掾 (国司 (kokushi, “governor's offices”))

#### Noun

判官(じょう) or 判官(ぞう) • (jō or zō)
* (historical, government) the third rank among the 四等官 (Shitōkan, “Four Ranks”), a system ranking and entitling officials under the 律令 (Ritsuryō); this is the most generic spelling; for each department and agency, a specific spelling and alternative readings of that spelling might be preferred
    Coordinate terms: 長官 (kami), 次官 (suke), 判官 (jō), 主典 (sakan)

### Etymology 4

Kanji in this term :
| 判 | 官 |
| まつりごとびと ||
| Grade: 5 | Grade: 4 |
| jukujikun ||
* Alternative spelling
* 政人
政 (matsurigoto, “governance”) +‎ 人 (-bito, “person”). The hito reading for 人 changes to bito as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

#### Noun

判官(まつりごとびと) • (matsurigotobito)
* Synonym of 判官 (jō)