# 堨

| 堨 | U+5828, &#22568; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5828 |
| ← 堧 [U+5827] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 堩 → [U+5829] |

## Translingual
### Han character

堨 (Kangxi radical 32, 土+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 土日心女 (GAPV), four-corner 4612$_7$, composition ⿰土曷)
* daub

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 233, character 25
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 5264
* Dae Jaweon: page 471, character 2
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 463, character 3
* Unihan data for U+5828

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

* Historical forms of the character 堨
* Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
* Small seal script
| | Old Chinese |
| 愒 | *kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad |
| 馤 | *qaːds |
| 靄 | *qaːds, *qaːd |
| 餲 | *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd |
| 喝 | *qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd |
| 揭 | *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad |
| 偈 | *ɡrads, *ɡrad |
| 猲 | *kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad |
| 葛 | *kaːd |
| 輵 | *kaːd |
| 獦 | *klaːd, *rab |
| 渴 | *kʰaːd, *ɡrad |
| 嵑 | *kʰaːd |
| 暍 | *qʰaːd, *qad |
| 曷 | *ɡaːd |
| 褐 | *ɡaːd |
| 鶡 | *ɡaːd |
| 毼 | *ɡaːd |
| 蝎 | *ɡaːd |
| 鞨 | *ɡaːd, *ɢljad |
| 遏 | *qaːd |
| 齃 | *qaːd |
| 堨 | *qaːd |
| 擖 | *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb |
| 楬 | *kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 朅 | *kʰrad |
| 藒 | *kʰrad |
| 竭 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 碣 | *ɡrad, *ɡad |
| 羯 | *kad |
| 鍻 | *kad |
| 歇 | *qʰad |
| 蠍 | *qʰad |
| 謁 | *qad |

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): è, ài, yè (e$^4$, ai$^4$, ye$^4$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄜˋ, ㄞˋ, ㄧㄝˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ngaat$^3$ / aat$^3$ / ngoi$^3$ / ngoi$^2$ / oi$^2$ / oi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: è
*** Zhuyin: ㄜˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: è
*** Wade–Giles: o$^4$
*** Yale: è
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: eh
*** Palladius: э (e)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀɤ⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: ài
*** Zhuyin: ㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: ài
*** Wade–Giles: ai$^4$
*** Yale: ài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ay
*** Palladius: ай (aj)
*** Sinological IPA : /ˀaɪ̯⁵¹/
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yè
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄝˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yè
*** Wade–Giles: yeh$^4$
*** Yale: yè
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeh
*** Palladius: е (je)
*** Sinological IPA : /jɛ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ngaat$^3$ / aat$^3$ / ngoi$^3$ / ngoi$^2$ / oi$^2$ / oi$^3$
*** Yale: ngaat / aat / ngoi / ngói / ói / oi
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ngaat$^8$ / aat$^8$ / ngoi$^3$ / ngoi$^2$ / oi$^2$ / oi$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ngad$^3$ / ad$^3$ / ngoi$^3$ / ngoi$^2$ / oi$^2$ / oi$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /ŋaːt̚³/, /aːt̚³/, /ŋɔːi̯³³/, /ŋɔːi̯³⁵/, /ɔːi̯³⁵/, /ɔːi̯³³/
* Middle Chinese: 'at
Rime :
| Character | 堨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 影 (34) |
| Final (韻) | 曷 (63) |
| Tone (調) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | I |
| Fanqie | 烏葛切 |
| Baxter | 'at |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /ʔɑt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /ʔɑt̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /ʔɑt̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /ʔat̚/ |
| Li Rong | /ʔɑt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /ɑt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ʔɑt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | e |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ot$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*qaːd/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 堨 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 5039 |
| Phonetic component | 曷 |
| Rime group | 月 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 遏 |
| Old Chinese | /*qaːd/ |

### Definitions

堨
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

### References

* “堨”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎, 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### Readings

* On (unclassified): げつ (getsu)、げち (gechi)、あつ (atsu)、あち (achi)、あい (ai)
* Kun: るせき (ruseki)、ほこり (hokori)