# 孝敬
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xiàojìng
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): haau$^3$ ging$^3$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hau-kin
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hàu-kèng
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xiàojìng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄠˋ ㄐㄧㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: siàojìng
*** Wade–Giles: hsiao$^4$-ching$^4$
*** Yale: syàu-jìng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiawjinq
*** Palladius: сяоцзин (sjaoczin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕi̯ɑʊ̯⁵¹⁻⁵³ t͡ɕiŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: haau$^3$ ging$^3$
*** Yale: haau ging
*** Cantonese Pinyin: haau$^3$ ging$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hao$^3$ ging$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /haːu̯³³ kɪŋ³³/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hau-kin
*** Hakka Romanization System: hau gin
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hau$^4$ gin$^4$
*** Sinological IPA: /hau̯⁵⁵ kin⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hàu-kèng
*** Tâi-lô: hàu-kìng
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hao'kexng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hau²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kiɪŋ⁴¹/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hau²¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /hau¹¹⁻⁵³ kiɪŋ¹¹/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /hau²¹⁻⁴¹ kiɪŋ²¹/
* Middle Chinese: xaewH kjaengH
Rime :
| Character | 孝 | 敬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 曉 (32) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 肴 (90) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | II | III |
| Fanqie | 呼敎切 | 居慶切 |
| Baxter | xaewH | kjaengH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /hˠau$^H$/ | /kˠiæŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /hᵚau$^H$/ | /kᵚiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /xau$^H$/ | /kiaŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /haɨw$^H$/ | /kiajŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /xau$^H$/ | /kiɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /xau$^H$/ | /kĭɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /xau$^H$/ | /ki̯ɐŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xiào | jìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | haau$^3$ | ging$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰˤ<r>uʔ-s kreŋ(ʔ)-s/
    (Zhengzhang): /*qʰruːs kreŋs/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 孝 | 敬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | xiào | jìng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ xæw$^H$ › | ‹ kjæng$^H$ › |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰˁ<r>uʔ-s/ | /*kreŋ(ʔ)-s/ |
| English | filial | respectful |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. |||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 孝 | 敬 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/1 |
| No. | 13771 | 6885 |
| Phonetic component | 孝 | 敬 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 孝 | 敬 |
| Old Chinese | /*qʰruːs/ | /*kreŋs/ |

### Verb

孝敬
* to show filial respect
    From: Commentary of Zuo, c. 4th century BCE
    Xiàojìng zhōngxìn wéi jídé, dàozéi cángjiān wéi xiōngdé. [Pinyin]
    (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    From: 新標點和合本 (Chinese Union Version with New Punctuation), 出埃及記 (Exodus) 20:12
    Dāng xiàojìng fùmǔ, shǐ nǐ de rìzi zài Yēhéhuá - nǐ Shén suǒ cì nǐ de dì shàng déyǐ chángjiǔ. [Pinyin]
    Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the Lord thy God giveth thee.
* to give presents to one's elders or superiors
* (Southern Min) to offer sacrifices (to gods and spirits)
* (Mainland China Hokkien, derogatory) to give someone something

#### Synonyms

* (to show filial respect):
* 孝 (xiào)
* 孝順／孝顺 (xiàoshùn)
* 有孝 (Hokkien)
* 盡孝／尽孝 (jìnxiào)
* 行孝 (Hakka)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 孝敬(こうけい) (kōkei)
Others:
* → Zhuang: hauqgingq

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 孝 | 敬 |
| こう Grade: 6 | けい Grade: 6 |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ko̞ːke̞ː]

### Noun

孝(こう)敬(けい) • (kōkei)
* filial piety