# 腥

| 腥 | U+8165, &#33125; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8165 |
| ← 腤 [U+8164] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 腦 → [U+8166] |

## Translingual
### Han character

腥 (Kangxi radical 130, 肉+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月日竹一 (BAHM), four-corner 7621$_4$, composition ⿰⺼星)
* raw meat, including the odor thereof
* rank, strong-smelling

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: page 988, character 17
* Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 29678
* Dae Jaweon: page 1440, character 30
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2095, character 13
* Unihan data for U+8165

## Chinese
### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 猜 | *sʰlɯː |
| 輤 | *sʰleːns |
| 綪 | *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ |
| 倩 | *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs |
| 棈 | *sʰleːns |
| 蒨 | *sʰeːns |
| 篟 | *sʰeːns |
| 生 | *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs |
| 牲 | *sreŋ |
| 笙 | *sreŋ |
| 甥 | *sreŋ |
| 鉎 | *sreŋ, *sleːŋ |
| 珄 | *sreŋ |
| 鼪 | *sreŋ, *sreŋs |
| 猩 | *sreŋ, *seːŋ |
| 狌 | *sreŋ |
| 眚 | *sreŋʔ |
| 貹 | *sreŋs |
| 崝 | *zreːŋ |
| 精 | *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs |
| 菁 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 鶄 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 蜻 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 鼱 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 婧 | *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ |
| 睛 | *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ |
| 箐 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 聙 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 旌 | *ʔsleŋ |
| 清 | *sʰleŋ |
| 圊 | *sʰleŋ |
| 請 | *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 凊 | *sʰleŋs |
| 䝼 | *zleŋs, *zleŋ |
| 靚 | *zleŋs |
| 情 | *zleŋ |
| 晴 | *zleŋ |
| 夝 | *zleŋ |
| 靜 | *zleŋʔ |
| 靖 | *zleŋʔ |
| 睲 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 惺 | *seŋʔ, *seːŋ |
| 性 | *sleŋs |
| 姓 | *sleŋs |
| 靗 | *l̥ʰeŋs |
| 鯖 | *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ |
| 青 | *sʰleːŋ |
| 靘 | *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs |
| 掅 | *sʰleːŋs |
| 胜 | *sleːŋ |
| 曐 | *sleːŋ |
| 星 | *sleːŋ |
| 鮏 | *sleːŋ |
| 腥 | *seːŋ, *seːŋs |
| 鯹 | *seːŋ |
| 醒 | *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs |
| 篂 | *seːŋ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲／形声, OC *seːŋ, *seːŋs) : semantic 肉 (“meat; flesh”) + phonetic 星 (OC *sleːŋ)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xīng (xing$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): seng$^1$ / sing$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): siâng
    (Meixian, Guangdong): xiang$^1$
* Eastern Min (BUC): sĭng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): seng / chhiⁿ / chheⁿ
    (Teochew, Peng'im): cên$^1$ / sêng$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^1$shin
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: sing
*** Wade–Giles: hsing$^1$
*** Yale: syīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shing
*** Palladius: син (sin)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: seng$^1$ / sing$^1$
*** Yale: sēng / sīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: seng$^1$ / sing$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: séng$^1$ / xing$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /sɛːŋ⁵⁵/, /sɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: siâng
*** Hakka Romanization System: xiang$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: xiang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /si̯aŋ²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: xiang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /siaŋ⁴⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: sĭng
*** Sinological IPA : /siŋ⁵⁵/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng
*** Tâi-lô: sing
*** Phofsit Daibuun: sefng
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /siɪŋ³³/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhiⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tshinn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: chvy
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰĩ³³/
*** IPA (Taipei, Xiamen): /t͡sʰĩ⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Kaohsiung, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chheⁿ
*** Tâi-lô: tshenn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhvef
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɛ̃⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰẽ⁴⁴/
* seng - literary;
* chhiⁿ/chheⁿ - vernacular.
* Middle Chinese: seng, sengH
Rime :
| Character | 腥 | 腥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 心 (16) | 心 (16) |
| Final (韻) | 青 (125) | 青 (125) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | IV | IV |
| Fanqie | 桑經切 | 蘇佞切 |
| Baxter | seng | sengH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /seŋ/ | /seŋ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /seŋ/ | /seŋ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /sɛŋ/ | /sɛŋ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /sɛjŋ/ | /sɛjŋ$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /seŋ/ | /seŋ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /sieŋ/ | /sieŋ$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /sieŋ/ | /sieŋ$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | xīng | xìng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | sing$^1$ | sing$^3$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*seːŋ/, /*seːŋs/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 腥 | 腥 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| No. | 11375 | 11381 |
| Phonetic component | 生 | 生 |
| Rime group | 耕 | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 星 | 腥 |
| Old Chinese | /*seːŋ/ | /*seːŋs/ |

### Definitions

腥
* fishy smell
* having a fishy smell
* meat; fish
* (archaic) raw meat; uncooked meat

#### Synonyms

* (raw meat): 生肉 (shēngròu)

### Compounds

* 偷腥 (tōuxīng)
* 土腥氣／土腥气 (tǔxīngqì)
* 汗腥氣／汗腥气
* 羶腥
* 腥味 (xīngwèi)
* 腥氣／腥气 (xīngqì)
* 腥浪
* 腥羶 (xīngshān)
* 腥聞／腥闻
* 腥臊 (xīngsāo)
* 腥臊味
* 腥臭 (xīngchòu)
* 腥衲襖／腥衲袄
* 腥賭／腥赌
* 腥風／腥风
* 腥風血雨／腥风血雨 (xīngfēngxuèyǔ)
* 葷腥／荤腥 (hūnxīng)
* 血腥 (xuèxīng)
* 血雨腥風／血雨腥风 (xuèyǔxīngfēng)
* 飯腥／饭腥
* 魚腥／鱼腥
* 魚腥草／鱼腥草 (yúxīngcǎo)

### References

* “Entry #13639”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.

## Japanese
### Alternative forms

* 生臭 (most common), 鮏 (rare)

### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* smelly, as of raw fish or meat

#### Readings

* Go-on: しょう (shō)
* Kan-on: せい (sei)
* Kun: なまぐさ (namagusa, 腥)、なまぐさい (namagusai, 腥い)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 腥
* なまぐさ Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
Root stem of adjective 生臭い, 腥い (namagusai, “smelling of fish, meat, or blood; stinky, bad-smelling”), itself a compound of 生 (nama, “raw, uncooked”) +‎ 臭 (kusa, “stink, bad smell”, root stem of 臭い kusai, “stinky, bad-smelling”). The kusa changes to gusa as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) なまぐさ [nàmágúsá] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [na̠ma̠ɡɯ̟sa̠]

### Noun

腥(なまぐさ) • (namagusa)
* a smell of fish, meat, or blood
* a stink, a bad smell

#### Related terms

* 生(なま)臭(ぐさ)い (namagusai)

### References

* ↑ Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean
### Hanja

腥 • (seong) (hangeul 성, revised seong, McCune–Reischauer sŏng, Yale seng)
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

## Vietnamese
### Han character

腥: Hán Nôm readings: tinh, tanh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.