# swakama
## Zulu
### Pronunciation

IPA: /swaɠáːma/

### Verb

-swakáma
* (intransitive) to become damp, to become moist

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuswakama |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuswakama | ukungaswakami |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | swakama | -swakame |
| Plural | swakamani | -swakameni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyaswakama, ngiswakama | engiswakamayo, engiswakama | ngiswakama | angiswakami | engingaswakami | ngingaswakami |
| 2nd singular | uyaswakama, uswakama | oswakamayo, oswakama | uswakama | awuswakami | ongaswakami | ungaswakami |
| 1st plural | siyaswakama, siswakama | esiswakamayo, esiswakama | siswakama | asiswakami | esingaswakami | singaswakami |
| 2nd plural | niyaswakama, niswakama | eniswakamayo, eniswakama | niswakama | aniswakami | eningaswakami | ningaswakami |
| Class 1 | uyaswakama, uswakama | oswakamayo, oswakama | eswakama | akaswakami | ongaswakami | engaswakami |
| Class 2 | bayaswakama, baswakama | abaswakamayo, abaswakama | beswakama | abaswakami | abangaswakami | bengaswakami |
| Class 3 | uyaswakama, uswakama | oswakamayo, oswakama | uswakama | awuswakami | ongaswakami | ungaswakami |
| Class 4 | iyaswakama, iswakama | eswakamayo, eswakama | iswakama | ayiswakami | engaswakami | ingaswakami |
| Class 5 | liyaswakama, liswakama | eliswakamayo, eliswakama | liswakama | aliswakami | elingaswakami | lingaswakami |
| Class 6 | ayaswakama, aswakama | aswakamayo, aswakama | eswakama | awaswakami | angaswakami | engaswakami |
| Class 7 | siyaswakama, siswakama | esiswakamayo, esiswakama | siswakama | asiswakami | esingaswakami | singaswakami |
| Class 8 | ziyaswakama, ziswakama | eziswakamayo, eziswakama | ziswakama | aziswakami | ezingaswakami | zingaswakami |
| Class 9 | iyaswakama, iswakama | eswakamayo, eswakama | iswakama | ayiswakami | engaswakami | ingaswakami |
| Class 10 | ziyaswakama, ziswakama | eziswakamayo, eziswakama | ziswakama | aziswakami | ezingaswakami | zingaswakami |
| Class 11 | luyaswakama, luswakama | oluswakamayo, oluswakama | luswakama | aluswakami | olungaswakami | lungaswakami |
| Class 14 | buyaswakama, buswakama | obuswakamayo, obuswakama | buswakama | abuswakami | obungaswakami | bungaswakami |
| Class 15 | kuyaswakama, kuswakama | okuswakamayo, okuswakama | kuswakama | akuswakami | okungaswakami | kungaswakami |
| Class 17 | kuyaswakama, kuswakama | okuswakamayo, okuswakama | kuswakama | akuswakami | okungaswakami | kungaswakami |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiswakamile, ngiswakamē | engiswakamile, engiswakamē | ngiswakamile, ngiswakamē | angiswakamanga | engingaswakamanga | ngingaswakamanga |
| 2nd singular | uswakamile, uswakamē | oswakamile, oswakamē | uswakamile, uswakamē | awuswakamanga | ongaswakamanga | ungaswakamanga |
| 1st plural | siswakamile, siswakamē | esiswakamile, esiswakamē | siswakamile, siswakamē | asiswakamanga | esingaswakamanga | singaswakamanga |
| 2nd plural | niswakamile, niswakamē | eniswakamile, eniswakamē | niswakamile, niswakamē | aniswakamanga | eningaswakamanga | ningaswakamanga |
| Class 1 | uswakamile, uswakamē | oswakamile, oswakamē | eswakamile, eswakamē | akaswakamanga | ongaswakamanga | engaswakamanga |
| Class 2 | baswakamile, baswakamē | abaswakamile, abaswakamē | beswakamile, beswakamē | abaswakamanga | abangaswakamanga | bengaswakamanga |
| Class 3 | uswakamile, uswakamē | oswakamile, oswakamē | uswakamile, uswakamē | awuswakamanga | ongaswakamanga | ungaswakamanga |
| Class 4 | iswakamile, iswakamē | eswakamile, eswakamē | iswakamile, iswakamē | ayiswakamanga | engaswakamanga | ingaswakamanga |
| Class 5 | liswakamile, liswakamē | eliswakamile, eliswakamē | liswakamile, liswakamē | aliswakamanga | elingaswakamanga | lingaswakamanga |
| Class 6 | aswakamile, aswakamē | aswakamile, aswakamē | eswakamile, eswakamē | awaswakamanga | angaswakamanga | engaswakamanga |
| Class 7 | siswakamile, siswakamē | esiswakamile, esiswakamē | siswakamile, siswakamē | asiswakamanga | esingaswakamanga | singaswakamanga |
| Class 8 | ziswakamile, ziswakamē | eziswakamile, eziswakamē | ziswakamile, ziswakamē | aziswakamanga | ezingaswakamanga | zingaswakamanga |
| Class 9 | iswakamile, iswakamē | eswakamile, eswakamē | iswakamile, iswakamē | ayiswakamanga | engaswakamanga | ingaswakamanga |
| Class 10 | ziswakamile, ziswakamē | eziswakamile, eziswakamē | ziswakamile, ziswakamē | aziswakamanga | ezingaswakamanga | zingaswakamanga |
| Class 11 | luswakamile, luswakamē | oluswakamile, oluswakamē | luswakamile, luswakamē | aluswakamanga | olungaswakamanga | lungaswakamanga |
| Class 14 | buswakamile, buswakamē | obuswakamile, obuswakamē | buswakamile, buswakamē | abuswakamanga | obungaswakamanga | bungaswakamanga |
| Class 15 | kuswakamile, kuswakamē | okuswakamile, okuswakamē | kuswakamile, kuswakamē | akuswakamanga | okungaswakamanga | kungaswakamanga |
| Class 17 | kuswakamile, kuswakamē | okuswakamile, okuswakamē | kuswakamile, kuswakamē | akuswakamanga | okungaswakamanga | kungaswakamanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāswakama | engāswakama | ngāswakama | angiswakamanga | engingaswakamanga | ngingaswakamanga |
| 2nd singular | wāswakama | owāswakama | wāswakama | awuswakamanga | ongaswakamanga | ungaswakamanga |
| 1st plural | sāswakama | esāswakama | sāswakama | asiswakamanga | esingaswakamanga | singaswakamanga |
| 2nd plural | nāswakama | enāswakama | nāswakama | aniswakamanga | eningaswakamanga | ningaswakamanga |
| Class 1 | wāswakama | owāswakama | āswakama | akaswakamanga | ongaswakamanga | engaswakamanga |
| Class 2 | bāswakama | abāswakama | bāswakama | abaswakamanga | abangaswakamanga | bengaswakamanga |
| Class 3 | wāswakama | owāswakama | wāswakama | awuswakamanga | ongaswakamanga | ungaswakamanga |
| Class 4 | yāswakama | eyāswakama | yāswakama | ayiswakamanga | engaswakamanga | ingaswakamanga |
| Class 5 | lāswakama | elāswakama | lāswakama | aliswakamanga | elingaswakamanga | lingaswakamanga |
| Class 6 | āswakama | āswakama | āswakama | awaswakamanga | angaswakamanga | engaswakamanga |
| Class 7 | sāswakama | esāswakama | sāswakama | asiswakamanga | esingaswakamanga | singaswakamanga |
| Class 8 | zāswakama | ezāswakama | zāswakama | aziswakamanga | ezingaswakamanga | zingaswakamanga |
| Class 9 | yāswakama | eyāswakama | yāswakama | ayiswakamanga | engaswakamanga | ingaswakamanga |
| Class 10 | zāswakama | ezāswakama | zāswakama | aziswakamanga | ezingaswakamanga | zingaswakamanga |
| Class 11 | lwāswakama | olwāswakama | lwāswakama | aluswakamanga | olungaswakamanga | lungaswakamanga |
| Class 14 | bāswakama | obāswakama | bāswakama | abuswakamanga | obungaswakamanga | bungaswakamanga |
| Class 15 | kwāswakama | okwāswakama | kwāswakama | akuswakamanga | okungaswakamanga | kungaswakamanga |
| Class 17 | kwāswakama | okwāswakama | kwāswakama | akuswakamanga | okungaswakamanga | kungaswakamanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingaswakama | — | ngingaswakama | ngingeswakame | — | ngingeswakame |
| 2nd singular | ungaswakama | — | ungaswakama | ungeswakame | — | ungeswakame |
| 1st plural | singaswakama | — | singaswakama | singeswakame | — | singeswakame |
| 2nd plural | ningaswakama | — | ningaswakama | ningeswakame | — | ningeswakame |
| Class 1 | angaswakama | — | engaswakama | angeswakame | — | engeswakame |
| Class 2 | bangaswakama | — | bengaswakama | bangeswakame | — | bengeswakame |
| Class 3 | ungaswakama | — | ungaswakama | ungeswakame | — | ungeswakame |
| Class 4 | ingaswakama | — | ingaswakama | ingeswakame | — | ingeswakame |
| Class 5 | lingaswakama | — | lingaswakama | lingeswakame | — | lingeswakame |
| Class 6 | angaswakama | — | engaswakama | angeswakame | — | engeswakame |
| Class 7 | singaswakama | — | singaswakama | singeswakame | — | singeswakame |
| Class 8 | zingaswakama | — | zingaswakama | zingeswakame | — | zingeswakame |
| Class 9 | ingaswakama | — | ingaswakama | ingeswakame | — | ingeswakame |
| Class 10 | zingaswakama | — | zingaswakama | zingeswakame | — | zingeswakame |
| Class 11 | lungaswakama | — | lungaswakama | lungeswakame | — | lungeswakame |
| Class 14 | bungaswakama | — | bungaswakama | bungeswakame | — | bungeswakame |
| Class 15 | kungaswakama | — | kungaswakama | kungeswakame | — | kungeswakame |
| Class 17 | kungaswakama | — | kungaswakama | kungeswakame | — | kungeswakame |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoswakama | engizoswakama | ngizoswakama | angizuswakama | engingezuswakama | ngingezuswakama |
| 2nd singular | uzoswakama | ozoswakama | uzoswakama | awuzuswakama | ongezuswakama | ungezuswakama |
| 1st plural | sizoswakama | esizoswakama | sizoswakama | asizuswakama | esingezuswakama | singezuswakama |
| 2nd plural | nizoswakama | enizoswakama | nizoswakama | anizuswakama | eningezuswakama | ningezuswakama |
| Class 1 | uzoswakama | ozoswakama | ezoswakama | akazuswakama | ongezuswakama | engezuswakama |
| Class 2 | bazoswakama | abazoswakama | bezoswakama | abazuswakama | abangezuswakama | bengezuswakama |
| Class 3 | uzoswakama | ozoswakama | uzoswakama | awuzuswakama | ongezuswakama | ungezuswakama |
| Class 4 | izoswakama | ezoswakama | izoswakama | ayizuswakama | engezuswakama | ingezuswakama |
| Class 5 | lizoswakama | elizoswakama | lizoswakama | alizuswakama | elingezuswakama | lingezuswakama |
| Class 6 | azoswakama | azoswakama | ezoswakama | awazuswakama | angezuswakama | engezuswakama |
| Class 7 | sizoswakama | esizoswakama | sizoswakama | asizuswakama | esingezuswakama | singezuswakama |
| Class 8 | zizoswakama | ezizoswakama | zizoswakama | azizuswakama | ezingezuswakama | zingezuswakama |
| Class 9 | izoswakama | ezoswakama | izoswakama | ayizuswakama | engezuswakama | ingezuswakama |
| Class 10 | zizoswakama | ezizoswakama | zizoswakama | azizuswakama | ezingezuswakama | zingezuswakama |
| Class 11 | luzoswakama | oluzoswakama | luzoswakama | aluzuswakama | olungezuswakama | lungezuswakama |
| Class 14 | buzoswakama | obuzoswakama | buzoswakama | abuzuswakama | obungezuswakama | bungezuswakama |
| Class 15 | kuzoswakama | okuzoswakama | kuzoswakama | akuzuswakama | okungezuswakama | kungezuswakama |
| Class 17 | kuzoswakama | okuzoswakama | kuzoswakama | akuzuswakama | okungezuswakama | kungezuswakama |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoswakama | engiyoswakama | ngiyoswakama | angiyuswakama | engingeyuswakama | ngingeyuswakama |
| 2nd singular | uyoswakama | oyoswakama | uyoswakama | awuyuswakama | ongeyuswakama | ungeyuswakama |
| 1st plural | siyoswakama | esiyoswakama | siyoswakama | asiyuswakama | esingeyuswakama | singeyuswakama |
| 2nd plural | niyoswakama | eniyoswakama | niyoswakama | aniyuswakama | eningeyuswakama | ningeyuswakama |
| Class 1 | uyoswakama | oyoswakama | eyoswakama | akayuswakama | ongeyuswakama | engeyuswakama |
| Class 2 | bayoswakama | abayoswakama | beyoswakama | abayuswakama | abangeyuswakama | bengeyuswakama |
| Class 3 | uyoswakama | oyoswakama | uyoswakama | awuyuswakama | ongeyuswakama | ungeyuswakama |
| Class 4 | iyoswakama | eyoswakama | iyoswakama | ayiyuswakama | engeyuswakama | ingeyuswakama |
| Class 5 | liyoswakama | eliyoswakama | liyoswakama | aliyuswakama | elingeyuswakama | lingeyuswakama |
| Class 6 | ayoswakama | ayoswakama | eyoswakama | awayuswakama | angeyuswakama | engeyuswakama |
| Class 7 | siyoswakama | esiyoswakama | siyoswakama | asiyuswakama | esingeyuswakama | singeyuswakama |
| Class 8 | ziyoswakama | eziyoswakama | ziyoswakama | aziyuswakama | ezingeyuswakama | zingeyuswakama |
| Class 9 | iyoswakama | eyoswakama | iyoswakama | ayiyuswakama | engeyuswakama | ingeyuswakama |
| Class 10 | ziyoswakama | eziyoswakama | ziyoswakama | aziyuswakama | ezingeyuswakama | zingeyuswakama |
| Class 11 | luyoswakama | oluyoswakama | luyoswakama | aluyuswakama | olungeyuswakama | lungeyuswakama |
| Class 14 | buyoswakama | obuyoswakama | buyoswakama | abuyuswakama | obungeyuswakama | bungeyuswakama |
| Class 15 | kuyoswakama | okuyoswakama | kuyoswakama | akuyuswakama | okungeyuswakama | kungeyuswakama |
| Class 17 | kuyoswakama | okuyoswakama | kuyoswakama | akuyuswakama | okungeyuswakama | kungeyuswakama |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngiswakame | ngingaswakami |
| 2nd singular | uswakame | ungaswakami |
| 1st plural | siswakame | singaswakami |
| 2nd plural | niswakame | ningaswakami |
| Class 1 | aswakame | angaswakami |
| Class 2 | baswakame | bangaswakami |
| Class 3 | uswakame | ungaswakami |
| Class 4 | iswakame | ingaswakami |
| Class 5 | liswakame | lingaswakami |
| Class 6 | aswakame | angaswakami |
| Class 7 | siswakame | singaswakami |
| Class 8 | ziswakame | zingaswakami |
| Class 9 | iswakame | ingaswakami |
| Class 10 | ziswakame | zingaswakami |
| Class 11 | luswakame | lungaswakami |
| Class 14 | buswakame | bungaswakami |
| Class 15 | kuswakame | kungaswakami |
| Class 17 | kuswakame | kungaswakami |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngaswakama | ngangaswakama, angaswakama, angangaswakama |
| 2nd singular | waswakama | wangaswakama, awaswakama, awangaswakama |
| 1st plural | saswakama | sangaswakama, asaswakama, asangaswakama |
| 2nd plural | naswakama | nangaswakama, anaswakama, anangaswakama |
| Class 1 | waswakama | wangaswakama, akaswakama, akangaswakama |
| Class 2 | baswakama | bangaswakama, abaswakama, abangaswakama |
| Class 3 | waswakama | wangaswakama, awaswakama, awangaswakama |
| Class 4 | yaswakama | yangaswakama, ayaswakama, ayangaswakama |
| Class 5 | laswakama | langaswakama, alaswakama, alangaswakama |
| Class 6 | aswakama | angaswakama, awaswakama, awangaswakama |
| Class 7 | saswakama | sangaswakama, asaswakama, asangaswakama |
| Class 8 | zaswakama | zangaswakama, azaswakama, azangaswakama |
| Class 9 | yaswakama | yangaswakama, ayaswakama, ayangaswakama |
| Class 10 | zaswakama | zangaswakama, azaswakama, azangaswakama |
| Class 11 | lwaswakama | lwangaswakama, alwaswakama, alwangaswakama |
| Class 14 | baswakama | bangaswakama, abaswakama, abangaswakama |
| Class 15 | kwaswakama | kwangaswakama, akwaswakama, akwangaswakama |
| Class 17 | kwaswakama | kwangaswakama, akwaswakama, akwangaswakama |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “swakama”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “swakama (3.2.9)”