# 荊

| 荊 | U+834A, &#33610; CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-834A |
| ← 草 [U+8349] | CJK Unified Ideographs | 荋 → [U+834B] |

## Translingual
### Han character

荊 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 廿一廿弓 (TMTN), four-corner 4442$_0$, composition ⿱艹刑)
* thorns
* brambles
* chaste tree or berry (Vitex agnus-castus)
* my wife
* cane

#### References

* Kangxi Dictionary: not present, would follow page 1031, character 38
* Dae Jaweon: page 1489, character 9
* Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 339, character 2
* Unihan data for U+834A

## Chinese

* 荊

### Glyph origin

| | Old Chinese |
| 硎 | *kʰreːŋ, *ɡeːŋ |
| 耕 | *kreːŋ |
| 荊 | *keŋ |
| 井 | *skeŋʔ |
| 丼 | *kl'oːmʔ, *skeŋʔ |
| 妌 | *sɡeŋʔ |
| 穽 | *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs |
| 阱 | *sɡeŋʔ, *sɡeŋs |
| 汫 | *sɡeːŋʔ |
| 刑 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 形 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 邢 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 鉶 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 型 | *ɡeːŋ |
| 侀 | *ɡeːŋ |

### Etymology
#### "shrub; alternative name of Chu"

    Cognate with Khmer ជ្រាំង (crĕəng, “to bristle”), Khmer ប្រែង (praeng, “bristle”) (Schuessler, 2007). The Chinese initial *k- could be a noun-forming prefix.

#### "(humble) my wife; poor"

    From the story of 荊釵布裙／荆钗布裙.

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): jīng (jing$^1$)
    (Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄥ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): ging$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kîn / kiâng
* Eastern Min (BUC): gìng
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): keng
    (Teochew, Peng'im): gêng$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: jīng
*** Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄥ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: jing
*** Wade–Giles: ching$^1$
*** Yale: jīng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jing
*** Palladius: цзин (czin)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕiŋ⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: ging$^1$
*** Yale: gīng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: ging$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: ging$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /kɪŋ⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kîn / kiâng
*** Hakka Romanization System: gin$^ˊ$ / giang$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: gin$^1$ / giang$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /kin²⁴/, /ki̯aŋ²⁴/
* Eastern Min
** (Fuzhou)
*** Bàng-uâ-cê: gìng
*** Sinological IPA : /kiŋ⁵³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: keng
*** Tâi-lô: king
*** Phofsit Daibuun: kefng
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɪŋ³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɪŋ⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: gêng$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: keng
*** Sinological IPA : /keŋ³³/
* Middle Chinese: kjaeng
Rime :
| Character | 荊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 見 (28) |
| Final (韻) | 庚 (111) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open |
| Division (等) | III |
| Fanqie | 舉卿切 |
| Baxter | kjaeng |
| Reconstructions ||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /kˠiæŋ/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /kᵚiaŋ/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /kiaŋ/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /kiajŋ/ |
| Li Rong | /kiɐŋ/ |
| Wang Li | /kĭɐŋ/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /ki̯ɐŋ/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | jīng |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | ging$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[k]reŋ/
    (Zhengzhang): /*keŋ/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 荊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | jīng |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ kjæng › |
| Old Chinese | /*[k]reŋ/ |
| English | briar |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 荊 |
| Reading # | 1/1 |
| No. | 6851 |
| Phonetic component | 井 |
| Rime group | 耕 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 驚 |
| Old Chinese | /*keŋ/ |

### Definitions

荊
* chaste tree (Vitex); redbud (Cercis)
* (historical) rod for flogging made of chaste tree twigs
    負荊請罪／负荆请罪 ― fùjīngqǐngzuì ― to offer someone a humble apology, requesting punishment and forgiveness
* (literary, humble) my wife
* Short for 荊州／荆州 (Jīngzhōu, “Jingzhou”).
* Short for 荊山／荆山 (Jīng Shān, “Mount Jing”).
* Alternative name for 楚 (chǔ, “the state of Chu in ancient China”).
* a surname

#### Usage notes

The current standard in Mainland China, the Table of General Standard Chinese Characters (通用规范汉字表), does not mention any connection between 荊 and 荆 (jīng), which is reflected in A Dictionary of Current Chinese (现代汉语词典), Xiandai Hanyu Guifan Cidian (《现代汉语规范词典》) and Cihai (辞海 (Cíhǎi)).

### Compounds

* 三荊／三荆
* 先荊／先荆
* 分荊／分荆
* 問荊／问荆
* 天荊地棘／天荆地棘
* 寒荊／寒荆
* 山荊／山荆 (shānjīng)
* 布荊／布荆
* 布裙荊釵／布裙荆钗
* 幸獲識荊／幸获识荆
* 拙荊／拙荆 (zhuōjīng)
* 披荊帶棘／披荆带棘
* 披荊斬棘／披荆斩棘 (pījīngzhǎnjí)
* 披荊棘／披荆棘
* 曼荊／曼荆
* 東荊／东荆 (Dōngjīng)
* 柴荊／柴荆
* 洋紫荊／洋紫荆 (yángzǐjīng)
* 滿地荊棘／满地荆棘
* 滿目荊榛／满目荆榛
* 牡荊／牡荆 (mǔjīng)
* 班荊／班荆
* 班荊道故／班荆道故
* 班荊道舊／班荆道旧
* 紫荊／紫荆 (zǐjīng)
* 紫荊花／紫荆花
* 紫荊關／紫荆关
* 老荊／老荆
* 肉袒負荊／肉袒负荆
* 舉動荊棘／举动荆棘 (jǔdòngjīngjí)
* 荊劉拜殺／荆刘拜杀
* 荊南／荆南 (Jīngnán)
* 荊南杞梓／荆南杞梓
* 荊天棘地／荆天棘地
* 荊妻／荆妻
* 荊婦／荆妇
* 荊尸
* 荊山／荆山 (Jīng Shān)
* 荊山之玉／荆山之玉
* 荊川集／荆川集
* 荊州／荆州 (Jīngzhōu)
* 荊布／荆布
* 荊扉／荆扉
* 荊杞／荆杞
* 荊柴／荆柴
* 荊條／荆条 (jīngtiáo)
* 荊棘／荆棘 (jīngjí)
* 荊棘律／荆棘律
* 荊棘銅駝／荆棘铜驼
* 荊楚／荆楚 (Jīngchǔ)
* 荊榛滿目／荆榛满目
* 荊浩／荆浩
* 荊璞／荆璞
* 荊芥／荆芥 (jīngjiè)
* 荊薪／荆薪
* 荊蠻／荆蛮 (Jīngmán)
* 荊軻／荆轲
* 荊釵布裙／荆钗布裙
* 荊釵布襖／荆钗布袄
* 荊釵裙布／荆钗裙布
* 荊釵記／荆钗记
* 荊門／荆门 (Jīngmén)
* 蔓荊／蔓荆
* 蓬門荊布／蓬门荆布
* 裙布荊釵／裙布荆钗
* 識荊／识荆
* 負荊／负荆 (fùjīng)
* 負荊請罪／负荆请罪 (fùjīngqǐngzuì)
* 銅駝荊棘／铜驼荆棘

## Japanese
### Kanji

(Hyōgai kanji)
* thorn
* brier
* whip

#### Readings

* Go-on: きょう (kyō)
* Kan-on: けい (kei)
* Kun: いばら (ibara, 荊)、むち (muchi, 荊)

### Etymology

* Kanji in this term
* 荊
* いばら Hyōgai
* kun'yomi
See 茨.

### Noun

荊(いばら) or 荊(イバラ) • (ibara)
* Alternative spelling of 茨

## Korean
### Hanja

荊 • (hyeong) (hangeul 형, revised hyeong, McCune–Reischauer hyŏng, Yale hyeng)
* thorns
* brambles
* my wife
* cane

## Vietnamese
### Han character

荊: Hán Nôm readings: kinh
* This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

#### References

* vndic.net - 荊 kinh entry