# dabuka
## Zulu
### Etymology

dabu (“of tearing, cracking”) +‎ -k +‎ -a

### Pronunciation

IPA: /daɓuːɠa/

### Verb

-dabuka
* (intransitive) to break, to crack, to crush
* (intransitive) to become sad, to become grieved, to become heartbroken
* (intransitive) to descend, to originate

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukudabuka |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukudabuka | ukungadabuki |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | dabuka | -dabuke |
| Plural | dabukani | -dabukeni |
| | Stative | Stative | Stative | Stative | Stative | Stative |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngidabukile, ngidabukē | engidabukile, engidabukē | ngidabukile, ngidabukē | angidabukile, angidabukē | engingadabukile, engingadabukē | ngingadabukile, ngingadabukē |
| 2nd singular | udabukile, udabukē | odabukile, odabukē | udabukile, udabukē | awudabukile, awudabukē | ongadabukile, ongadabukē | ungadabukile, ungadabukē |
| 1st plural | sidabukile, sidabukē | esidabukile, esidabukē | sidabukile, sidabukē | asidabukile, asidabukē | esingadabukile, esingadabukē | singadabukile, singadabukē |
| 2nd plural | nidabukile, nidabukē | enidabukile, enidabukē | nidabukile, nidabukē | anidabukile, anidabukē | eningadabukile, eningadabukē | ningadabukile, ningadabukē |
| Class 1 | udabukile, udabukē | odabukile, odabukē | edabukile, edabukē | akadabukile, akadabukē | ongadabukile, ongadabukē | engadabukile, engadabukē |
| Class 2 | badabukile, badabukē | abadabukile, abadabukē | bedabukile, bedabukē | abadabukile, abadabukē | abangadabukile, abangadabukē | bengadabukile, bengadabukē |
| Class 3 | udabukile, udabukē | odabukile, odabukē | udabukile, udabukē | awudabukile, awudabukē | ongadabukile, ongadabukē | ungadabukile, ungadabukē |
| Class 4 | idabukile, idabukē | edabukile, edabukē | idabukile, idabukē | ayidabukile, ayidabukē | engadabukile, engadabukē | ingadabukile, ingadabukē |
| Class 5 | lidabukile, lidabukē | elidabukile, elidabukē | lidabukile, lidabukē | alidabukile, alidabukē | elingadabukile, elingadabukē | lingadabukile, lingadabukē |
| Class 6 | adabukile, adabukē | adabukile, adabukē | edabukile, edabukē | awadabukile, awadabukē | angadabukile, angadabukē | engadabukile, engadabukē |
| Class 7 | sidabukile, sidabukē | esidabukile, esidabukē | sidabukile, sidabukē | asidabukile, asidabukē | esingadabukile, esingadabukē | singadabukile, singadabukē |
| Class 8 | zidabukile, zidabukē | ezidabukile, ezidabukē | zidabukile, zidabukē | azidabukile, azidabukē | ezingadabukile, ezingadabukē | zingadabukile, zingadabukē |
| Class 9 | idabukile, idabukē | edabukile, edabukē | idabukile, idabukē | ayidabukile, ayidabukē | engadabukile, engadabukē | ingadabukile, ingadabukē |
| Class 10 | zidabukile, zidabukē | ezidabukile, ezidabukē | zidabukile, zidabukē | azidabukile, azidabukē | ezingadabukile, ezingadabukē | zingadabukile, zingadabukē |
| Class 11 | ludabukile, ludabukē | oludabukile, oludabukē | ludabukile, ludabukē | aludabukile, aludabukē | olungadabukile, olungadabukē | lungadabukile, lungadabukē |
| Class 14 | budabukile, budabukē | obudabukile, obudabukē | budabukile, budabukē | abudabukile, abudabukē | obungadabukile, obungadabukē | bungadabukile, bungadabukē |
| Class 15 | kudabukile, kudabukē | okudabukile, okudabukē | kudabukile, kudabukē | akudabukile, akudabukē | okungadabukile, okungadabukē | kungadabukile, kungadabukē |
| Class 17 | kudabukile, kudabukē | okudabukile, okudabukē | kudabukile, kudabukē | akudabukile, akudabukē | okungadabukile, okungadabukē | kungadabukile, kungadabukē |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyadabuka, ngidabuka | engidabukayo, engidabuka | ngidabuka | angidabuki | engingadabuki | ngingadabuki |
| 2nd singular | uyadabuka, udabuka | odabukayo, odabuka | udabuka | awudabuki | ongadabuki | ungadabuki |
| 1st plural | siyadabuka, sidabuka | esidabukayo, esidabuka | sidabuka | asidabuki | esingadabuki | singadabuki |
| 2nd plural | niyadabuka, nidabuka | enidabukayo, enidabuka | nidabuka | anidabuki | eningadabuki | ningadabuki |
| Class 1 | uyadabuka, udabuka | odabukayo, odabuka | edabuka | akadabuki | ongadabuki | engadabuki |
| Class 2 | bayadabuka, badabuka | abadabukayo, abadabuka | bedabuka | abadabuki | abangadabuki | bengadabuki |
| Class 3 | uyadabuka, udabuka | odabukayo, odabuka | udabuka | awudabuki | ongadabuki | ungadabuki |
| Class 4 | iyadabuka, idabuka | edabukayo, edabuka | idabuka | ayidabuki | engadabuki | ingadabuki |
| Class 5 | liyadabuka, lidabuka | elidabukayo, elidabuka | lidabuka | alidabuki | elingadabuki | lingadabuki |
| Class 6 | ayadabuka, adabuka | adabukayo, adabuka | edabuka | awadabuki | angadabuki | engadabuki |
| Class 7 | siyadabuka, sidabuka | esidabukayo, esidabuka | sidabuka | asidabuki | esingadabuki | singadabuki |
| Class 8 | ziyadabuka, zidabuka | ezidabukayo, ezidabuka | zidabuka | azidabuki | ezingadabuki | zingadabuki |
| Class 9 | iyadabuka, idabuka | edabukayo, edabuka | idabuka | ayidabuki | engadabuki | ingadabuki |
| Class 10 | ziyadabuka, zidabuka | ezidabukayo, ezidabuka | zidabuka | azidabuki | ezingadabuki | zingadabuki |
| Class 11 | luyadabuka, ludabuka | oludabukayo, oludabuka | ludabuka | aludabuki | olungadabuki | lungadabuki |
| Class 14 | buyadabuka, budabuka | obudabukayo, obudabuka | budabuka | abudabuki | obungadabuki | bungadabuki |
| Class 15 | kuyadabuka, kudabuka | okudabukayo, okudabuka | kudabuka | akudabuki | okungadabuki | kungadabuki |
| Class 17 | kuyadabuka, kudabuka | okudabukayo, okudabuka | kudabuka | akudabuki | okungadabuki | kungadabuki |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngidabukile, ngidabukē | engidabukile, engidabukē | ngidabukile, ngidabukē | angidabukanga | engingadabukanga | ngingadabukanga |
| 2nd singular | udabukile, udabukē | odabukile, odabukē | udabukile, udabukē | awudabukanga | ongadabukanga | ungadabukanga |
| 1st plural | sidabukile, sidabukē | esidabukile, esidabukē | sidabukile, sidabukē | asidabukanga | esingadabukanga | singadabukanga |
| 2nd plural | nidabukile, nidabukē | enidabukile, enidabukē | nidabukile, nidabukē | anidabukanga | eningadabukanga | ningadabukanga |
| Class 1 | udabukile, udabukē | odabukile, odabukē | edabukile, edabukē | akadabukanga | ongadabukanga | engadabukanga |
| Class 2 | badabukile, badabukē | abadabukile, abadabukē | bedabukile, bedabukē | abadabukanga | abangadabukanga | bengadabukanga |
| Class 3 | udabukile, udabukē | odabukile, odabukē | udabukile, udabukē | awudabukanga | ongadabukanga | ungadabukanga |
| Class 4 | idabukile, idabukē | edabukile, edabukē | idabukile, idabukē | ayidabukanga | engadabukanga | ingadabukanga |
| Class 5 | lidabukile, lidabukē | elidabukile, elidabukē | lidabukile, lidabukē | alidabukanga | elingadabukanga | lingadabukanga |
| Class 6 | adabukile, adabukē | adabukile, adabukē | edabukile, edabukē | awadabukanga | angadabukanga | engadabukanga |
| Class 7 | sidabukile, sidabukē | esidabukile, esidabukē | sidabukile, sidabukē | asidabukanga | esingadabukanga | singadabukanga |
| Class 8 | zidabukile, zidabukē | ezidabukile, ezidabukē | zidabukile, zidabukē | azidabukanga | ezingadabukanga | zingadabukanga |
| Class 9 | idabukile, idabukē | edabukile, edabukē | idabukile, idabukē | ayidabukanga | engadabukanga | ingadabukanga |
| Class 10 | zidabukile, zidabukē | ezidabukile, ezidabukē | zidabukile, zidabukē | azidabukanga | ezingadabukanga | zingadabukanga |
| Class 11 | ludabukile, ludabukē | oludabukile, oludabukē | ludabukile, ludabukē | aludabukanga | olungadabukanga | lungadabukanga |
| Class 14 | budabukile, budabukē | obudabukile, obudabukē | budabukile, budabukē | abudabukanga | obungadabukanga | bungadabukanga |
| Class 15 | kudabukile, kudabukē | okudabukile, okudabukē | kudabukile, kudabukē | akudabukanga | okungadabukanga | kungadabukanga |
| Class 17 | kudabukile, kudabukē | okudabukile, okudabukē | kudabukile, kudabukē | akudabukanga | okungadabukanga | kungadabukanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngādabuka | engādabuka | ngādabuka | angidabukanga | engingadabukanga | ngingadabukanga |
| 2nd singular | wādabuka | owādabuka | wādabuka | awudabukanga | ongadabukanga | ungadabukanga |
| 1st plural | sādabuka | esādabuka | sādabuka | asidabukanga | esingadabukanga | singadabukanga |
| 2nd plural | nādabuka | enādabuka | nādabuka | anidabukanga | eningadabukanga | ningadabukanga |
| Class 1 | wādabuka | owādabuka | ādabuka | akadabukanga | ongadabukanga | engadabukanga |
| Class 2 | bādabuka | abādabuka | bādabuka | abadabukanga | abangadabukanga | bengadabukanga |
| Class 3 | wādabuka | owādabuka | wādabuka | awudabukanga | ongadabukanga | ungadabukanga |
| Class 4 | yādabuka | eyādabuka | yādabuka | ayidabukanga | engadabukanga | ingadabukanga |
| Class 5 | lādabuka | elādabuka | lādabuka | alidabukanga | elingadabukanga | lingadabukanga |
| Class 6 | ādabuka | ādabuka | ādabuka | awadabukanga | angadabukanga | engadabukanga |
| Class 7 | sādabuka | esādabuka | sādabuka | asidabukanga | esingadabukanga | singadabukanga |
| Class 8 | zādabuka | ezādabuka | zādabuka | azidabukanga | ezingadabukanga | zingadabukanga |
| Class 9 | yādabuka | eyādabuka | yādabuka | ayidabukanga | engadabukanga | ingadabukanga |
| Class 10 | zādabuka | ezādabuka | zādabuka | azidabukanga | ezingadabukanga | zingadabukanga |
| Class 11 | lwādabuka | olwādabuka | lwādabuka | aludabukanga | olungadabukanga | lungadabukanga |
| Class 14 | bādabuka | obādabuka | bādabuka | abudabukanga | obungadabukanga | bungadabukanga |
| Class 15 | kwādabuka | okwādabuka | kwādabuka | akudabukanga | okungadabukanga | kungadabukanga |
| Class 17 | kwādabuka | okwādabuka | kwādabuka | akudabukanga | okungadabukanga | kungadabukanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingadabuka | — | ngingadabuka | ngingedabuke | — | ngingedabuke |
| 2nd singular | ungadabuka | — | ungadabuka | ungedabuke | — | ungedabuke |
| 1st plural | singadabuka | — | singadabuka | singedabuke | — | singedabuke |
| 2nd plural | ningadabuka | — | ningadabuka | ningedabuke | — | ningedabuke |
| Class 1 | angadabuka | — | engadabuka | angedabuke | — | engedabuke |
| Class 2 | bangadabuka | — | bengadabuka | bangedabuke | — | bengedabuke |
| Class 3 | ungadabuka | — | ungadabuka | ungedabuke | — | ungedabuke |
| Class 4 | ingadabuka | — | ingadabuka | ingedabuke | — | ingedabuke |
| Class 5 | lingadabuka | — | lingadabuka | lingedabuke | — | lingedabuke |
| Class 6 | angadabuka | — | engadabuka | angedabuke | — | engedabuke |
| Class 7 | singadabuka | — | singadabuka | singedabuke | — | singedabuke |
| Class 8 | zingadabuka | — | zingadabuka | zingedabuke | — | zingedabuke |
| Class 9 | ingadabuka | — | ingadabuka | ingedabuke | — | ingedabuke |
| Class 10 | zingadabuka | — | zingadabuka | zingedabuke | — | zingedabuke |
| Class 11 | lungadabuka | — | lungadabuka | lungedabuke | — | lungedabuke |
| Class 14 | bungadabuka | — | bungadabuka | bungedabuke | — | bungedabuke |
| Class 15 | kungadabuka | — | kungadabuka | kungedabuke | — | kungedabuke |
| Class 17 | kungadabuka | — | kungadabuka | kungedabuke | — | kungedabuke |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizodabuka | engizodabuka | ngizodabuka | angizudabuka | engingezudabuka | ngingezudabuka |
| 2nd singular | uzodabuka | ozodabuka | uzodabuka | awuzudabuka | ongezudabuka | ungezudabuka |
| 1st plural | sizodabuka | esizodabuka | sizodabuka | asizudabuka | esingezudabuka | singezudabuka |
| 2nd plural | nizodabuka | enizodabuka | nizodabuka | anizudabuka | eningezudabuka | ningezudabuka |
| Class 1 | uzodabuka | ozodabuka | ezodabuka | akazudabuka | ongezudabuka | engezudabuka |
| Class 2 | bazodabuka | abazodabuka | bezodabuka | abazudabuka | abangezudabuka | bengezudabuka |
| Class 3 | uzodabuka | ozodabuka | uzodabuka | awuzudabuka | ongezudabuka | ungezudabuka |
| Class 4 | izodabuka | ezodabuka | izodabuka | ayizudabuka | engezudabuka | ingezudabuka |
| Class 5 | lizodabuka | elizodabuka | lizodabuka | alizudabuka | elingezudabuka | lingezudabuka |
| Class 6 | azodabuka | azodabuka | ezodabuka | awazudabuka | angezudabuka | engezudabuka |
| Class 7 | sizodabuka | esizodabuka | sizodabuka | asizudabuka | esingezudabuka | singezudabuka |
| Class 8 | zizodabuka | ezizodabuka | zizodabuka | azizudabuka | ezingezudabuka | zingezudabuka |
| Class 9 | izodabuka | ezodabuka | izodabuka | ayizudabuka | engezudabuka | ingezudabuka |
| Class 10 | zizodabuka | ezizodabuka | zizodabuka | azizudabuka | ezingezudabuka | zingezudabuka |
| Class 11 | luzodabuka | oluzodabuka | luzodabuka | aluzudabuka | olungezudabuka | lungezudabuka |
| Class 14 | buzodabuka | obuzodabuka | buzodabuka | abuzudabuka | obungezudabuka | bungezudabuka |
| Class 15 | kuzodabuka | okuzodabuka | kuzodabuka | akuzudabuka | okungezudabuka | kungezudabuka |
| Class 17 | kuzodabuka | okuzodabuka | kuzodabuka | akuzudabuka | okungezudabuka | kungezudabuka |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyodabuka | engiyodabuka | ngiyodabuka | angiyudabuka | engingeyudabuka | ngingeyudabuka |
| 2nd singular | uyodabuka | oyodabuka | uyodabuka | awuyudabuka | ongeyudabuka | ungeyudabuka |
| 1st plural | siyodabuka | esiyodabuka | siyodabuka | asiyudabuka | esingeyudabuka | singeyudabuka |
| 2nd plural | niyodabuka | eniyodabuka | niyodabuka | aniyudabuka | eningeyudabuka | ningeyudabuka |
| Class 1 | uyodabuka | oyodabuka | eyodabuka | akayudabuka | ongeyudabuka | engeyudabuka |
| Class 2 | bayodabuka | abayodabuka | beyodabuka | abayudabuka | abangeyudabuka | bengeyudabuka |
| Class 3 | uyodabuka | oyodabuka | uyodabuka | awuyudabuka | ongeyudabuka | ungeyudabuka |
| Class 4 | iyodabuka | eyodabuka | iyodabuka | ayiyudabuka | engeyudabuka | ingeyudabuka |
| Class 5 | liyodabuka | eliyodabuka | liyodabuka | aliyudabuka | elingeyudabuka | lingeyudabuka |
| Class 6 | ayodabuka | ayodabuka | eyodabuka | awayudabuka | angeyudabuka | engeyudabuka |
| Class 7 | siyodabuka | esiyodabuka | siyodabuka | asiyudabuka | esingeyudabuka | singeyudabuka |
| Class 8 | ziyodabuka | eziyodabuka | ziyodabuka | aziyudabuka | ezingeyudabuka | zingeyudabuka |
| Class 9 | iyodabuka | eyodabuka | iyodabuka | ayiyudabuka | engeyudabuka | ingeyudabuka |
| Class 10 | ziyodabuka | eziyodabuka | ziyodabuka | aziyudabuka | ezingeyudabuka | zingeyudabuka |
| Class 11 | luyodabuka | oluyodabuka | luyodabuka | aluyudabuka | olungeyudabuka | lungeyudabuka |
| Class 14 | buyodabuka | obuyodabuka | buyodabuka | abuyudabuka | obungeyudabuka | bungeyudabuka |
| Class 15 | kuyodabuka | okuyodabuka | kuyodabuka | akuyudabuka | okungeyudabuka | kungeyudabuka |
| Class 17 | kuyodabuka | okuyodabuka | kuyodabuka | akuyudabuka | okungeyudabuka | kungeyudabuka |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngidabuke | ngingadabuki |
| 2nd singular | udabuke | ungadabuki |
| 1st plural | sidabuke | singadabuki |
| 2nd plural | nidabuke | ningadabuki |
| Class 1 | adabuke | angadabuki |
| Class 2 | badabuke | bangadabuki |
| Class 3 | udabuke | ungadabuki |
| Class 4 | idabuke | ingadabuki |
| Class 5 | lidabuke | lingadabuki |
| Class 6 | adabuke | angadabuki |
| Class 7 | sidabuke | singadabuki |
| Class 8 | zidabuke | zingadabuki |
| Class 9 | idabuke | ingadabuki |
| Class 10 | zidabuke | zingadabuki |
| Class 11 | ludabuke | lungadabuki |
| Class 14 | budabuke | bungadabuki |
| Class 15 | kudabuke | kungadabuki |
| Class 17 | kudabuke | kungadabuki |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngadabuka | ngangadabuka, angadabuka, angangadabuka |
| 2nd singular | wadabuka | wangadabuka, awadabuka, awangadabuka |
| 1st plural | sadabuka | sangadabuka, asadabuka, asangadabuka |
| 2nd plural | nadabuka | nangadabuka, anadabuka, anangadabuka |
| Class 1 | wadabuka | wangadabuka, akadabuka, akangadabuka |
| Class 2 | badabuka | bangadabuka, abadabuka, abangadabuka |
| Class 3 | wadabuka | wangadabuka, awadabuka, awangadabuka |
| Class 4 | yadabuka | yangadabuka, ayadabuka, ayangadabuka |
| Class 5 | ladabuka | langadabuka, aladabuka, alangadabuka |
| Class 6 | adabuka | angadabuka, awadabuka, awangadabuka |
| Class 7 | sadabuka | sangadabuka, asadabuka, asangadabuka |
| Class 8 | zadabuka | zangadabuka, azadabuka, azangadabuka |
| Class 9 | yadabuka | yangadabuka, ayadabuka, ayangadabuka |
| Class 10 | zadabuka | zangadabuka, azadabuka, azangadabuka |
| Class 11 | lwadabuka | lwangadabuka, alwadabuka, alwangadabuka |
| Class 14 | badabuka | bangadabuka, abadabuka, abangadabuka |
| Class 15 | kwadabuka | kwangadabuka, akwadabuka, akwangadabuka |
| Class 17 | kwadabuka | kwangadabuka, akwadabuka, akwangadabuka |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “daɓuka”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “daɓuka (3.2.9)”