# asbeir
## Old Irish
### Etymology

From ess- +‎ beirid. The same construction as Latin efferō, which can mean (among other things) “proclaim, declare”, and Ancient Greek ἐκφέρω (ekphérō), which can mean “disclose”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [asˈbʲerʲ]

### Verb

as·beir (prototonic ·epir, verbal noun epert)
* to say, utter [with fri ‘to’]
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 13$^c$13
    Ní érbarid autem uerba as·beir in tóis anfoirbthe.Moreover, you pl should not utter words which the imperfect folk utters.
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 26$^b$19
    At·beirmis frib.We used to say it to you pl.
** c. 850, Carlsruhe Glosses on St Augustine’s Soliloquia, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. 2, pp. 1–9, Acr. 14$^a$2
    Bés as·bera-su as n‑ai⟨n⟩m dosom animus ci at·bela.Maybe you would say that animus is its name though it may die.
* to mention
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 28$^a$20
    As·bertar a n-anman arna gaba nech desimrecht diib.Their names are mentioned that no one may take example from them.
* to speak (a language)
** c. 800, Würzburg Glosses on the Pauline Epistles, published in Thesaurus Palaeohibernicus (reprinted 1987, Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), edited and with translations by Whitley Stokes and John Strachan, vol. I, pp. 499–712, Wb. 12$^d$6
    ar ní tucci a mbéelre as·biurfor he does not understand the language I speak
For more quotations using this term, see Citations:asbeir.

#### Usage notes

The present and imperfect indicative ro-forms as·robair, as·robarad mean “can say, could say”.

#### Conjugation

| | | 1st sg. | 2nd sg. | 3rd sg. | 1st pl. | 2nd pl. | 3rd pl. | Passive sg. | Passive pl. |
| Present indicative | Deut. | as·biur | as·bir | as·ber, as·beir; as·robair (ro-form) | as·beram | as·berid, as·beirid | as·berat | as·berar, as·ber, as·berr | as·bertar |
| Present indicative | Prot. | ··epur, ··epiur | ·epir, ·apir | ·epir, ·epeir, ·eper, ·eiper | ·eprem | | | ·eparr, ·eperr, ·aiperr | ·epertar |
| Imperfect indicative | Deut. | as·berin, as·beirin, as·berinn, as·beirinn | | as·bered, as·beired, as·berad; as·robarad (ro-form) | as·beirmis; at·beirmis (with infixed pronoun t-) | | as·bertis, as·beirtis | as·berthe, as·beirthe | |
| Imperfect indicative | Prot. | | | | | | | | |
| Preterite | Deut. | | as·birt | as·bert | | | as·bertatar | as·breth | |
| Preterite | Prot. | | | ·epert | | | ·epertatar | | |
| Perfect | Deut. | as·ruburt, as·rubart | | as·rubart, as·rubbart | as·rubartmar, as·rubartmmar | as·rubartaid | as·rubartat, as·rubartatar | as·rubrad, as·robrad | |
| Perfect | Prot. | ·érburt, ·ǽrburt | | ·érbart | | | ·érbartatar, ·ǽrbartatar | ·érbrad, ·érbrath | |
| Future | Deut. | as·bǽr, as·bér, as·béer | | as·béra | as·béram | | as·bérat | as·bérthar | as·bértar |
| Future | Prot. | ·epér, ·épéer | | | | | | | |
| Conditional | Deut. | | | | | | | | |
| Conditional | Prot. | | | | | | | ·epérthae, ·epérthæ | |
| Present subjunctive | Deut. | as·ber | as·bere, as·berae, as·bera | as·bera | as·beram | as·beraid | as·berat | as·berthar; as·robarthar (ro-form) | |
| Present subjunctive | Prot. | ·eper | ·érbarae, ·ǽrbara (ro-form) | | | ·érbarid (ro-form) | ·epret; ·érbarat (ro-form) | ·eperthar; ·érbarthar (ro-form) | |
| Past subjunctive | Deut. | as·berin, as·berain, as·berinn, as·berainn | as·bertha | as·berad; as·robrad (ro-form) | as·bermis, as·bermais | | as·robartais (ro-form) | as·berthe, as·berthae | |
| Past subjunctive | Prot. | | ·epertha; ·érbartha (ro-form) | ·epred, ·epreid, ·aipred; ·érbarad, ·ǽrbarad (ro-form) | | | ·epertais | ·eperthe, ·eperthae | |
| Imperative | Imperative | | | epred | | eprid | | | |
| Verbal noun | Verbal noun | epert | | | | | | | |
| Past participle | Past participle | | | | | | | | |
| Verbal of necessity | Verbal of necessity | abarta | | | | | | | |

#### Synonyms

* ráidid

#### Derived terms

* as·beir do
* remi·epir

#### Descendants

* Middle Irish: at·beir
** Irish: abair
** Manx: abbyr
** Scottish Gaelic: abair

### Mutation

Internal:
External:

### Further reading

* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “as-beir”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Pedersen, Holger (1913) Vergleichende Grammatik der keltischen Sprachen (in German), volume II, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht, →ISBN, page 466