# 玄孫
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): xuánsūn
    (Zhuyin): ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄙㄨㄣ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jyun$^4$ syun$^1$
* Gan (Wiktionary): 'xyon$^4$ sun$^1$
* Hakka
    (Sixian, PFS): hièn-sûn / hiàn-sûn
    (Meixian, Guangdong): hian$^2$ sun$^1$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): hiân-sun / goân-sun
    (Teochew, Peng'im): hiang$^5$ sung$^1$
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yi-sen
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: xuánsūn
*** Zhuyin: ㄒㄩㄢˊ ㄙㄨㄣ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: syuánsun
*** Wade–Giles: hsüan$^2$-sun$^1$
*** Yale: sywán-swūn
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyuansuen
*** Palladius: сюаньсунь (sjuanʹsunʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /ɕy̯ɛn³⁵ su̯ən⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jyun$^4$ syun$^1$
*** Yale: yùhn syūn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jyn$^4$ syn$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yun$^4$ xun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /jyːn²¹ syːn⁵⁵/
* Gan
** (Nanchang)
*** Wiktionary: 'xyon$^4$ sun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /ˈɕyɵn³⁵ sun⁴²/
* Hakka
** (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hièn-sûn
*** Hakka Romanization System: hien$^ˇ$ sun$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hian$^2$ sun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯en¹¹ sun²⁴/
** (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiàn-sûn
*** Hakka Romanization System: hian$^ˇ$ sun$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: hian$^2$ sun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hi̯an¹¹ sun²⁴/
** (Meixian)
*** Guangdong: hian$^2$ sun$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /hian¹¹ sun⁴⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiân-sun
*** Tâi-lô: hiân-sun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: hienswn
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɛn¹³⁻²² sun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /hiɛn²⁴⁻²² sun³³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /hiɛn²⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: goân-sun
*** Tâi-lô: guân-sun
*** Phofsit Daibuun: goanswn
*** IPA (Taipei): /ɡuan²⁴⁻¹¹ sun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /ɡuan²⁴⁻²² sun⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /ɡuan²³⁻³³ sun⁴⁴/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: hiang$^5$ sung$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hiâng sung
*** Sinological IPA : /hiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ suŋ³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yi-sen
*** MiniDict: yi$^去$ sen
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhi-sen
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦi²² sən⁴⁴/

### Noun

玄孫
* great-great-grandson (in a male lineage)
* (Wu) great-grandson
* distant descendant
    From: 2004: 侯健美 (Hou Jianmei), 当事专家详解：为什么说张飞和曹操的亲戚关系
    Hàn Xiàndì Liú Xié shì Hàn Guāngwǔdì Liú Xiù de dì bā dài xuánsūn [Pinyin]
    Liu Xie, Emperor Xian of Han, was the eighth generation descendant of Liu Xiu, Emperor Guangwu of Han

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 玄孫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 耷拉孫子, 耷拉孫兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 玄孫 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 重重孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 灰孫兒, 灰孫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 末末兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 帥孫子, 灰孫子 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 嘜 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 嘜 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 嘜 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 息嫲仔, 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 跳蚤, 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 玄孫 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 玄孫 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 累孫 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 元孫 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 油柑孫 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 油柑孫 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 橄欖孫孫 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 玄孫 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 實 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 玄孫 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 玄孫 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 玄玄孫 |
| Variety | Location | Words |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 曾孫, 曾孫子 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 曾孫兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 曾孫 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 重孫子, 重孫兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Singapore | 曾孫 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 重孫, 重孫子 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai (Muping) | 重孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 重孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 重孫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 重孫 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 重孫子 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 重孫兒, 重孫, 曾孫兒, 曾孫, 四世孫兒, 四世孫 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 重孫子 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 重孫, 男重孫 † |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 重孫子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 灰灰兒 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 重孫子, 重孫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 重孫孫, 重孫 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 重孫子 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 息子, 息, 重孫, 息崽 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 重重, 重孫 † |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 重孫子 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 重孫兒 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 嘞 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Qingyuan | 息, 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Fogang | 息 |
| Cantonese | Yingde (Hanguang) | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Yangshan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Lianshan (Butian) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Lianzhou (Qingshui Sihui) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 息 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Renhua | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Lechang | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Zhaoqing (Gaoyao) | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Sihui | 息 |
| Cantonese | Guangning | 息 |
| Cantonese | Deqing | 息 |
| Cantonese | Huaiji | 息 |
| Cantonese | Fengkai (Nanfeng) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Xinxing | 息 |
| Cantonese | Luoding | 息 |
| Cantonese | Yunan (Pingtai) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 息 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 息, 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 息, 息仔 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 息 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 息 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 曾孫 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 息 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 息 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 曾孫子, 曾孫 |
| Gan | Lichuan | 曾孫崽, 曾孫 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 阿息 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 息孫 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Shuizhai) | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Huacheng) | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Changbu) | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Wuhua (Mianyang) | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 阿息 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 息子 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 息子 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 息 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 息 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 重孫 |
| Hakka | Changting | 息嫲哩 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 息嫲子 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 息哩 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 息孫 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 曾孫, 息孫 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 重孫 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 息仔, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 息仔, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 息仔, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 息, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 息仔, 息嫲 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 曾孫, 玄孫 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 息 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 息 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 息 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 息 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 倈 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 息 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 息 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 息子 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 孫息, 息子 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 息孫 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 曾孫 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 重孫 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 息仔 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 息 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 孫息 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 息孫 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 重孫 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 重孫子 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 重孫 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 息仔 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 曾孫 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Jinjiang | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 息仔 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 重孫 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 重孫 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 橄欖孫 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 息 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 息, 妰𡝃息 † |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 息 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 孫息, 息仔, 重孫仔 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 重孫子 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 曾孫, 玄孫 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 玄孫 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 玄孫 |
| Wu | Danyang | 重孫 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 重孫 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 重孫 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 玄孫 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 玄孫 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 曾孫子 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 曾孫 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 重孫, 息崽 |
| Note | † - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term | † - distinguishes male gender from gender-neutral term |

#### Antonyms

* 高祖 (gāozǔ)

### See also

* 曾孫／曾孙 (zēngsūn)
* 來孫／来孙 (láisūn)
* 晜孫／晜孙 (kūnsūn)
* 耳孫／耳孙 (réngsūn)
* 雲孫／云孙 (yúnsūn)

## Japanese
### Etymology 1

Kanji in this term :
| 玄 | 孫 |
| やしゃ Grade: S | こ > ご Grade: 4 |
| irregular | kun'yomi |
Shift from yashiwago. Compare a similar contraction process in そりゃ (sorya) from それは (sore wa).
First attested in 1614.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) やしゃご [yàshágó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ja̠ɕa̠ɡo̞]

#### Noun

玄(やしゃ)孫(ご) • (yashago)
* [from 1614] a descendant four generations down: a great-great-grandchild, the grandchild of a grandchild

### Etymology 2

Kanji in this term :
| 玄 | 孫 |
| やしわ Grade: S | こ > ご Grade: 4 |
| irregular | kun'yomi |
From Old Japanese. First attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720.
Compound of やしわ (yashiwa, from ancient yasipa, of uncertain meaning, possibly “great-grandchild”?) +‎ 子 (ko, “child”).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ja̠ɕiβ̞a̠ɡo̞]

#### Noun

玄(やしわ)孫(ご) • (yashiwago)
* [from 720] (archaic, possibly dialect) a descendant four generations down: a great-great-grandchild, the grandchild of a grandchild

### Etymology 3

Kanji in this term :
| 玄 | 孫 |
| げん Grade: S | そん Grade: 4 |
| goon | on'yomi |
Ultimately from Middle Chinese 玄孫 (MC hwen swon).
First attested in Japanese in a portion of the Shoku Nihongi dated to 701.

#### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) げんそん [gèńsóń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɡẽ̞ɰ̃sõ̞ɴ]

#### Noun

玄(げん)孫(そん) • (genson)
* [from 701] a descendant four generations down: a great-great-grandchild, the grandchild of a grandchild

#### See also

* 高祖(こうそ) (kōso): remote ancestor; an ancestor four generations back: a great-great-grandparent, a grandparent of a grandparent

### References

* 1 2 3 4 5 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* 1 2 3 4 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* 1 2 3 Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN