# 猶豫
## Chinese
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Standard)
       (Pinyin): yóuyù
       (Zhuyin): ㄧㄡˊ ㄩˋ
    (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): you$^2$ yu$^2$
* Cantonese (Jyutping): jau$^4$ jyu$^6$
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): iû-û / iû-īr / iû-ī / iû-ū
* Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): $^6$yeu-yu
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: yóuyù → yóuyu (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Zhuyin: ㄧㄡˊ ㄩˋ → ㄧㄡˊ ˙ㄩ (toneless final syllable variant)
*** Tongyong Pinyin: yóuyů
*** Wade–Giles: yu$^2$-yü$^5$
*** Yale: yóu-yu
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: you.yuh
*** Palladius: ююй (jujuj)
*** Sinological IPA : /joʊ̯³⁵ y⁵¹/ → /joʊ̯³⁵ y³/
** (Chengdu)
*** Sichuanese Pinyin: you$^2$ yu$^2$
*** Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: iuy
*** Sinological IPA : /iəu²¹ y²¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: jau$^4$ jyu$^6$
*** Yale: yàuh yuh
*** Cantonese Pinyin: jau$^4$ jy$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: yeo$^4$ yu$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /jɐu̯²¹ jyː²²/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû-û
*** Tâi-lô: iû-û
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iu'uu
*** IPA (Xiamen): /iu²⁴⁻²² u²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû-īr
*** Tâi-lô: iû-īr
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /iu²⁴⁻²² ɯ⁴¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû-ī
*** Tâi-lô: iû-ī
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iu'i
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²³⁻³³ i³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iu²⁴⁻¹¹ i³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /iu¹³⁻²² i²²/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: iû-ū
*** Tâi-lô: iû-ū
*** Phofsit Daibuun: iu'u
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /iu²³⁻³³ u³³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /iu²⁴⁻¹¹ u³³/
* Wu
** (Northern: Shanghai)
*** Wugniu: $^6$yeu-yu
*** MiniDict: yeu$^去$ yu
*** Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): $^3$hhieu-hhy
*** Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ɦiɤ²² ɦy⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: yuw yoH
Rime :
| Character | 猶 | 豫 |
| Reading # | 1/3 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 以 (36) | 以 (36) |
| Final (韻) | 尤 (136) | 魚 (22) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Departing (H) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | III | III |
| Fanqie | 以周切 | 羊洳切 |
| Baxter | yuw | yoH |
| Reconstructions |||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /jɨu/ | /jɨʌ$^H$/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /jiu/ | /jiɔ$^H$/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /iəu/ | /iɔ$^H$/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /juw/ | /jɨə̆$^H$/ |
| Li Rong | /iu/ | /iɔ$^H$/ |
| Wang Li | /jĭəu/ | /jĭo$^H$/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /i̯ə̯u/ | /i̯wo$^H$/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | yóu | yù |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | jau$^4$ | jyu$^6$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*lu las/
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 猶 | 豫 |
| Reading # | 2/3 | 1/1 |
| No. | 15567 | 15742 |
| Phonetic component | 酉 | 予 |
| Rime group | 幽 | 魚 |
| Rime subdivision | 1 | 0 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 猷 | 豫 |
| Old Chinese | /*lu/ | /*las/ |

### Verb

猶豫
* to hesitate; to be irresolute; to be indecisive; to pause
       Gǔwán shōucáng bù shìhé yóu yóu yù yù de rén. [Pinyin]
       Those who hesitate do not make good antique collectors.
    From: The Verses of Chu, 4th century BCE – 2nd century CE
    Xīn yóuyù ér húyí xī, yù zìshì ér bùkě. [Pinyin]
    Like whelp in doubt, like timid fox in fear, I wished to go, but wandered ever near.

#### Synonyms

* 反顧／反顾 (fǎngù) (literary)
* 彳亍 (chìchù) (literary, figurative)
* 彷徨 (pánghuáng) (figurative)
* 徘徊 (figurative)
* 拿不定主意 (nábùdìng zhǔyì)
* 游移 (yóuyí)
* 猶疑／犹疑 (yóuyí)
* 疑蟯／疑蛲 (Zhangzhou Hokkien)
* 盤桓／盘桓 (pánhuán) (figurative)
* 膩／腻 (nyi$^4$) (Sichuanese)
* 躊躇／踌躇 (chóuchú)
* 巡巡 (xúnxún) (literary)
* 逡巡 (qūnxún) (literary)
* 遲疑／迟疑 (chíyí)

#### Derived terms

* 毫不猶豫／毫不犹豫
* 猶豫不決／犹豫不决 (yóuyùbùjué)
* 猶豫多疑／犹豫多疑
* 猶豫未決／犹豫未决
* 疫苗猶豫／疫苗犹豫 (yìmiáo yóuyù)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 猶予(ゆうよ) (yūyo)
* → Korean: 유예(猶豫) (yuye)
* → Vietnamese: do dự (猶豫)