# 統率
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): tǒngshuài
    (Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄕㄨㄞˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): tung$^2$ seot$^1$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: tǒngshuài
*** Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˇ ㄕㄨㄞˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: tǒngshuài
*** Wade–Giles: tʻung$^3$-shuai$^4$
*** Yale: tǔng-shwài
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: toongshuay
*** Palladius: туншуай (tunšuaj)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʂu̯aɪ̯⁵¹/
*** Homophones: [Show/Hide]$^{edit}$統帥／统帅 統率／统率
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: tung$^2$ seot$^1$
*** Yale: túng sēut
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tung$^2$ soet$^7$
*** Guangdong Romanization: tung$^2$ sêd$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʰʊŋ³⁵ sɵt̚⁵/
* Middle Chinese: thowngH srwijH|srwit
Rime :
| Character | 統 | 率 | 率 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Initial (聲) | 透 (6) | 生 (21) | 生 (21) |
| Final (韻) | 冬 (5) | 脂 (18) | 術 (52) |
| Tone (調) | Departing (H) | Departing (H) | Checked (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Closed | Closed |
| Division (等) | I | III | III |
| Fanqie | 他綜切 | 所類切 | 所律切 |
| Baxter | thowngH | srwijH | srwit |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /tʰuoŋ$^H$/ | /ʃˠiuɪ$^H$/ | /ʃiuɪt̚/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /tʰuoŋ$^H$/ | /ʃʷᵚi$^H$/ | /ʃʷit̚/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /tʰoŋ$^H$/ | /ʃiuɪ$^H$/ | /ʃjuet̚/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /tʰawŋ$^H$/ | /ʂjwi$^H$/ | /ʂwit̚/ |
| Li Rong | /tʰoŋ$^H$/ | /ʃjui$^H$/ | /ʃiuĕt̚/ |
| Wang Li | /tʰuoŋ$^H$/ | /ʃwi$^H$/ | /ʃĭuĕt̚/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /tʰuoŋ$^H$/ | /ʂwi$^H$/ | /ʂi̯uĕt̚/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | tòng | shuài | shuai |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | tung$^3$ | seoi$^3$ | seot$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Zhengzhang): /*tʰuːŋs sruds|srud/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 率 | 率 | 率 |
| Reading # | 1/4 | 3/4 | 4/4 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | lèi | shuài | shuài |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ lwij$^H$ › | ‹ srwij$^H$ › | ‹ srwit › |
| Old Chinese | /*[r]ut-s/ | /*s-rut-s/ | /*s-rut/ |
| English | bird net | lead (v.); commander | follow, go along |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 統 | 率 | 率 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/3 | 3/3 |
| No. | 1490 | 8604 | 8608 |
| Phonetic component | 充 | 率 | 率 |
| Rime group | 終 | 隊 | 物 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 2 | 2 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 統 | 帥 | 率 |
| Old Chinese | /*tʰuːŋs/ | /*sruds/ | /*srud/ |
| Notes | | | 原列質韻 |

### Verb

統率
* to command; to lead
    統率軍隊／统率军队 ― tǒngshuài jūnduì ― to command troops

#### Synonyms

* 主導／主导 (zhǔdǎo)
* 嚮導／向导 (xiàngdǎo)
* 帶等／带等 (Taiwanese Hakka)
* 帶緊／带紧 (Zhao'an Hakka)
* 帶領／带领 (dàilǐng)
* 引入 (yǐnrù)
* 引向 (yǐnxiàng)
* 引導／引导 (yǐndǎo)
* 引𤆬 (Hokkien)
* 引領／引领 (yǐnlǐng)
* 指導／指导 (zhǐdǎo)
* 指引 (zhǐyǐn)
* 指授 (zhǐshòu) (literary)
* 指揮／指挥 (zhǐhuī)
* 指示 (zhǐshì)
* 指點／指点 (zhǐdiǎn)
* 率領／率领 (shuàilǐng)
* 疏導／疏导 (shūdǎo) (through persuasion)
* 統御／统御 (tǒngyù) (literary)
* 統領／统领 (tǒnglǐng)
* 董督 (dǒngdū) (literary)
* 誘／诱 (yòu) (literary, or in compounds)
* 誘導／诱导 (yòudǎo)
* 領導／领导 (lǐngdǎo)
* 點厾／点厾 (Hokkien)
* 點撥／点拨 (diǎnbō) (informal)

#### Descendants

* → Japanese: 統(とう)率(そつ) (tōsotsu)
* → Korean: 통솔(統率) (tongsol)

#### See also

* (not to be confused with) 統帥／统帅 (tǒngshuài)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 統 | 率 |
| とう Grade: 5 | そつ Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi | kan'on |

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーそつ [tòósótsú] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ːso̞t͡sɨ]

### Noun

統(とう)率(そつ) • (tōsotsu)
* command; lead
    Synonym: 統御 (tōgyo)

### Verb

統(とう)率(そつ)する • (tōsotsu suru) transitive suru (stem 統(とう)率(そつ)し (tōsotsu shi), past 統(とう)率(そつ)した (tōsotsu shita))
* to command; to lead
    Synonym: 統御する (tōgyo suru)

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 統率し | とうそつし | tōsotsu shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 統率し | とうそつし | tōsotsu shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 統率する | とうそつする | tōsotsu suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 統率する | とうそつする | tōsotsu suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 統率すれ | とうそつすれ | tōsotsu sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 統率せよ¹ 統率しろ² | とうそつせよ¹ とうそつしろ² | tōsotsu seyo¹ tōsotsu shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 統率される | とうそつされる | tōsotsu sareru |
| Causative | 統率させる 統率さす | とうそつさせる とうそつさす | tōsotsu saseru tōsotsu sasu |
| Potential | 統率できる | とうそつできる | tōsotsu dekiru |
| Volitional | 統率しよう | とうそつしよう | tōsotsu shiyō |
| Negative | 統率しない | とうそつしない | tōsotsu shinai |
| Negative continuative | 統率せず | とうそつせず | tōsotsu sezu |
| Formal | 統率します | とうそつします | tōsotsu shimasu |
| Perfective | 統率した | とうそつした | tōsotsu shita |
| Conjunctive | 統率して | とうそつして | tōsotsu shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 統率すれば | とうそつすれば | tōsotsu sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 統 | 率 |

### Noun

統率 • (tongsol) (hangeul 통솔)
* hanja form of 통솔