# 灶跤
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): chàu-kha
    (Teochew, Peng'im): zao$^3$ ka$^1$
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese, Tong'an, Philippines)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chàu-kha
*** Tâi-lô: tsàu-kha
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zao'qaf
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sau¹¹⁻⁵³ kʰa⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Tong'an): /t͡sau¹¹²⁻⁴² kʰa⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sau²¹⁻⁴¹ kʰa⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡sau²¹⁻⁵³ kʰa⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /t͡sau⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ kʰa³³/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: zao$^3$ ka$^1$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsàu kha
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sau²¹³⁻⁵⁵ kʰa³³/

### Noun

灶跤
* (Hokkien, Singapore Teochew) kitchen
* (Southern Min, figurative) frequently visited place

#### Synonyms

| Variety | Location | Words |
| Classical Chinese | Classical Chinese | 廚, 庖, 廚下, 廚房, 庖廚 |
| Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Taiwan | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Langfang | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chengde | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Ulanhot | 外屋地兒, 灶房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tongliao | 外屋地 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Chifeng | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Hulunbuir (Hailar) | 廚房, 外屋地兒 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Heihe | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Qiqihar | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Harbin | 廚房, 灶屋, 灶房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jiamusi | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Baicheng | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Changchun | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Tonghua | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Shenyang | 廚房 |
| Northeastern Mandarin | Jinzhou | 廚房, 外屋兒地下, 外地下 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tianjin | 廚房 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Tangshan | 廚房, 灶火屋兒, 灶火房 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Cangzhou | 廚房, 飯屋兒, 飯屋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Baoding | 廚房 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Shijiazhuang | 廚房 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Lijin | 廚房, 飯屋, 伙屋 |
| Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 廚房, 飯屋 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dalian | 堂屋地 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Dandong | 廚房 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Yantai | 正間地 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Qingdao | 廚房 |
| Jiaoliao Mandarin | Zhucheng | 飯屋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Lingbao | 廚房 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Jining | 廚房 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Daming | 廚屋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Wanrong | 做飯合, 飯廈, 鍋頭 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Linfen | 裡樓 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Shangqiu | 廚房, 灶屋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Yuanyang | 廚房 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Zhengzhou | 灶火屋, 廚屋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xinyang | 廚屋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baihe | 廚房, 灶房 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 廚房, 灶房 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Baoji | 廚房 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Tianshui | 廚房 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xining | 廚房, 伙房 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Xuzhou | 廚房, 鍋屋 |
| Central Plains Mandarin | Fuyang | 廚房, 灶屋, 鍋屋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Yinchuan | 廚房, 廚屋 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Bayanhot | 廚房, 伙房 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Lanzhou | 廚房, 愴 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Dunhuang | 廚房, 伙房 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Hami | 廚房 |
| Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 廚房, 伙房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 廚房, 灶房, 灶屋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Nanchong | 廚房, 灶房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dazhou | 灶屋 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanyuan | 廚房, 灶房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xichang | 廚房, 灶房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zigong | 廚房, 灶門間 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Chongqing | 廚房, 灶屋, 灶房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 廚房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Yichang | 廚房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangyang | 廚房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Tianmen | 廚房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guiyang | 廚房, 灶房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zunyi | 廚房, 灶房, 伙房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Bijie | 伙房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liping | 火邊 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Zhaotong | 灶房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Dali | 灶房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kunming | 廚房, 灶房, 伙房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mengzi | 灶房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin | 廚房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guilin (Lingui) | 廚房, 灶門口 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Guanyang | 火烙 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Liuzhou | 廚房, 灶門口 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hechi (Yizhou) | 廚房, 灶房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Jishou | 廚房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Changde | 廚房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Xiangtan (Jiangnan Industries Group koine) | 廚房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Hanzhong | 廚房, 灶房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Kokang | 灶房, 廚房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Salong (Lancang) | 廚房 |
| Southwestern Mandarin | Mae Sai (Tengchong) | 廚房 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 廚房, 灶間, 鍋間 dated, 鍋屋 suburbs |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 鍋上, 廚房 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianyungang | 廚房, 鍋屋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Lianshui | 廚房, 鍋屋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Xinghua | 廚房, 鍋上, 鍋門口, 灶上 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Nantong | 廚房, 廚房家, 灶間, 灶屋 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Anqing | 廚房 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Wuhu | 廚房 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hefei | 廚房, 鍋間 |
| Jianghuai Mandarin | Hong'an | 廚房, 灶房, 灶屋 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou | 廚房, 下間 dated |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) | 下間 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Kam Tin Weitou) | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Ting Kok) | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Macau | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Panyu) | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) | 廚房, 涼下 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Conghua) | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Guangzhou (Zengcheng) | 下間, 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Foshan | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Shunde) | 下間 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Sanshui) | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Zhongshan (Shiqi) | 下間 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) | 下間 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) | 下間 |
| Cantonese | Zhuhai (Doumen) | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Baisha) | 灶邊 |
| Cantonese | Jiangmen (Xinhui) | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Taishan | 廚房, 灶下 |
| Cantonese | Kaiping (Chikan) | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Enping (Niujiang) | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Heshan (Yayao) | 灶下 |
| Cantonese | Dongguan | 下間, 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) | 下間 |
| Cantonese | Shaoguan | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Yunfu | 灶前 |
| Cantonese | Yangjiang | 灶前, 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Xinyi | 廚房, 灶窟 |
| Cantonese | Lianjiang | 廚房 |
| Cantonese | Nanning | 廚房, 灶邊 |
| Cantonese | Wuzhou | 廚房, 灶邊 |
| Cantonese | Yulin | 灶門 |
| Cantonese | Hepu (Lianzhou) | 灶面前 |
| Cantonese | Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) | 廚房, masak房 |
| Cantonese | Singapore (Guangfu) | 廚房 |
| Gan | Nanchang | 廚房, 灶屋 dated |
| Gan | Lichuan | 廚下 |
| Gan | Pingxiang | 廚房, 灶下 |
| Hakka | Meixian | 灶下, 灶下仔 |
| Hakka | Xingning | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Huizhou (Huicheng Bendihua) | 廚房 |
| Hakka | Huidong (Daling) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Dongguan (Qingxi) | 灶下, 廚房 |
| Hakka | Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) | 廚房 |
| Hakka | Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Heyuan (Bendihua) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Wengyuan | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Shaoguan (Qujiang) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Liannan | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Jiexi | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Luhe | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Changting | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Wuping | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Yanqian) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Wuping (Pingyu) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Liancheng | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Ninghua | 廚下, 灶前 |
| Hakka | Yudu | 灶前 |
| Hakka | Ningdu | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Ruijin | 灶前 |
| Hakka | Shicheng | 灶前 |
| Hakka | Shangyou (Shexi) | 灶前 |
| Hakka | Tonggu (Sandu) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Ganzhou (Panlong) | 灶前 |
| Hakka | Dayu | 灶前 |
| Hakka | Miaoli (N. Sixian) | 灶下, 廚房 |
| Hakka | Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) | 灶下, 廚房 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) | 灶下, 廚房 |
| Hakka | Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) | 灶下, 廚房 |
| Hakka | Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) | 灶下, 廚房 |
| Hakka | Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Hong Kong | 灶下, 廚房 |
| Hakka | Yangxi (Tangkou) | 灶前 |
| Hakka | Yangchun (Sanjia) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Sihe) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Xinyi (Qianpai) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Gaozhou (Xindong) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Huazhou (Xin'an) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Shijiao) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Lianjiang (Qingping) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Mengshan (Xihe) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Luchuan | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Luchuan (Daqiao) | 灶下 |
| Hakka | Sabah (Longchuan) | 廚房 |
| Hakka | Senai (Huiyang) | 廚房, masak房 |
| Hakka | Senai (Hepo) | 廚房 |
| Hakka | Sungai Tapang, Batu Kawa (Hepo) | 廚房 |
| Hakka | Singkawang | 後尾 |
| Huizhou | Jixi | 灶下 |
| Huizhou | Shexian | 廚房, 灶下 |
| Jin | Taiyuan | 廚房, 伙房 |
| Jin | Yangyuan | 廚房, 伙房 |
| Jin | Datong | 廚房 |
| Jin | Xinzhou | 伙房 |
| Jin | Lüliang (Lishi) | 廚房, 火庵兒 |
| Jin | Changzhi | 廚房 |
| Jin | Taibus (Baochang) | 伙房 |
| Jin | Linhe | 廚房, 灶房, 伙房 |
| Jin | Jining | 廚房, 伙房 |
| Jin | Hohhot | 廚房, 伙房 |
| Jin | Baotou | 伙房 |
| Jin | Dongsheng | 伙房 |
| Jin | Haibowan | 伙房 |
| Jin | Erenhot | 廚房 |
| Jin | Pingshan | 灶火坑 |
| Jin | Zhangjiakou | 廚房, 伙房 |
| Jin | Handan | 廚房 |
| Jin | Linzhou | 棚哦底下 |
| Jin | Suide | 廚房, 伙房 |
| Northern Min | Jian'ou | 鼎間 |
| Northern Min | Jianyang (Huangkeng) | 灶下 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 灶前 |
| Eastern Min | Fuzhou (Changle) | 灶前 |
| Eastern Min | Fuqing | 灶前, 廚房 |
| Eastern Min | Yongtai | 灶前 |
| Eastern Min | Gutian | 灶前 |
| Eastern Min | Fu'an | 灶前 |
| Eastern Min | Ningde | 鼎下 |
| Eastern Min | Shouning | 鼎灶間 |
| Eastern Min | Zhouning | 灶兜 |
| Eastern Min | Fuding | 灶窩間 |
| Eastern Min | Matsu | 灶前, 廚房 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen | 灶跤, 灶間 |
| Southern Min | Xiamen (Tong'an) | 灶跤 |
| Southern Min | Quanzhou | 灶跤, 灶間 |
| Southern Min | Zhangzhou | 灶跤 |
| Southern Min | Zhao'an | 灶跤, 煮食間, 廚房 |
| Southern Min | Taipei | 灶跤, 廚房 |
| Southern Min | New Taipei (Sanxia) | 灶跤, 廚房 |
| Southern Min | Kaohsiung | 灶跤, 廚房 |
| Southern Min | Yilan | 灶跤, 廚房 |
| Southern Min | Changhua (Lukang) | 灶跤 |
| Southern Min | Taichung | 灶跤, 廚房 |
| Southern Min | Taichung (Wuqi) | 灶跤 |
| Southern Min | Tainan | 灶跤, 廚房 |
| Southern Min | Taitung | 灶跤 |
| Southern Min | Hsinchu | 灶跤 |
| Southern Min | Kinmen | 灶跤 |
| Southern Min | Penghu (Magong) | 灶跤 |
| Southern Min | Penang (Hokkien) | 灶跤 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hokkien) | 灶跤 |
| Southern Min | Manila (Hokkien) | 灶跤 |
| Southern Min | Pingnan (Shangdu) | 廚房 |
| Southern Min | Chaozhou | 灶下 |
| Southern Min | Shantou | 灶下, 灶前, 火食 |
| Southern Min | Shantou (Chenghai) | 灶下, 灶前, 火食 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Houzhai) | 灶下, 灶前, 火食 |
| Southern Min | Nan'ao (Yun'ao) | 灶下, 灶前, 火食 |
| Southern Min | Jieyang | 火食, 火食房, 灶下 |
| Southern Min | Haifeng | 灶下, 灶下跤 |
| Southern Min | Bangkok (Teochew) | 廚房, 火食 |
| Southern Min | Johor Bahru (Teochew) | 煮食房 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Teochew) | 後尾, 灶跤 |
| Southern Min | Leizhou | 灶前 |
| Southern Min | Wenchang | 灶前 |
| Southern Min | Haikou | 灶前 |
| Southern Min | Singapore (Hainanese) | 灶前 |
| Puxian Min | Putian | 灶, 灶前 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) | 灶前, 廚房, 灶 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) | 灶前 |
| Puxian Min | Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) | 灶前 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou | 灶下底, 灶下 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Fengting) | 灶下 |
| Puxian Min | Xianyou (Youyang) | 灶前 |
| Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 廚房, 鼎下 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Tingzi) | 灶邊 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Xinxu) | 廚房 |
| Southern Pinghua | Nanning (Silian) | 灶邊 |
| Northern Pinghua | Guilin (Dahe) | 廚房, 灶屋 |
| Waxiang | Guzhang (Gaofeng) | 灶房 |
| Wu | Shanghai | 廚房, 廚房間, 灶間, 灶披間 |
| Wu | Shanghai (Chongming) | 灶屋, 灶下 |
| Wu | Suzhou | 灶下, 灶下間, 灶披間 |
| Wu | Danyang | 廚房, 廚房間, 灶披間, 灶下 |
| Wu | Hangzhou | 廚房, 灶頭間 |
| Wu | Ningbo | 灶跟間, 灶間, 灶跟, 灶頭間, 廚房間 |
| Wu | Wenzhou | 廚房, 廚房間, 鑊灶間 |
| Wu | Jinhua | 鑊頭間, 鑊頭 |
| Wu | Jinhua (Tangxi) | 鑊前 |
| Xiang | Changsha | 廚房, 灶屋 |
| Xiang | Xiangtan | 灶屋 |
| Xiang | Loudi | 茶廊房 |
| Xiang | Shuangfeng | 灶屋, 茶堂 |
| Xiang | Quanzhou | 廚房 |

#### Descendants

* → Amis: cawka