# khinga
## Zulu
### Verb

-khínga
* (transitive) to bind tightly, to tie up firmly
* (transitive) to complicate, to make complicated, to tangle
* (transitive) to ward off, to hinder

#### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukukhinga |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukukhinga | ukungakhingi |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | khinga | -khinge |
| Plural | khingani | -khingeni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyakhinga, ngikhinga | engikhingayo, engikhinga | ngikhinga | angikhingi | engingakhingi | ngingakhingi |
| 2nd singular | uyakhinga, ukhinga | okhingayo, okhinga | ukhinga | awukhingi | ongakhingi | ungakhingi |
| 1st plural | siyakhinga, sikhinga | esikhingayo, esikhinga | sikhinga | asikhingi | esingakhingi | singakhingi |
| 2nd plural | niyakhinga, nikhinga | enikhingayo, enikhinga | nikhinga | anikhingi | eningakhingi | ningakhingi |
| Class 1 | uyakhinga, ukhinga | okhingayo, okhinga | ekhinga | akakhingi | ongakhingi | engakhingi |
| Class 2 | bayakhinga, bakhinga | abakhingayo, abakhinga | bekhinga | abakhingi | abangakhingi | bengakhingi |
| Class 3 | uyakhinga, ukhinga | okhingayo, okhinga | ukhinga | awukhingi | ongakhingi | ungakhingi |
| Class 4 | iyakhinga, ikhinga | ekhingayo, ekhinga | ikhinga | ayikhingi | engakhingi | ingakhingi |
| Class 5 | liyakhinga, likhinga | elikhingayo, elikhinga | likhinga | alikhingi | elingakhingi | lingakhingi |
| Class 6 | ayakhinga, akhinga | akhingayo, akhinga | ekhinga | awakhingi | angakhingi | engakhingi |
| Class 7 | siyakhinga, sikhinga | esikhingayo, esikhinga | sikhinga | asikhingi | esingakhingi | singakhingi |
| Class 8 | ziyakhinga, zikhinga | ezikhingayo, ezikhinga | zikhinga | azikhingi | ezingakhingi | zingakhingi |
| Class 9 | iyakhinga, ikhinga | ekhingayo, ekhinga | ikhinga | ayikhingi | engakhingi | ingakhingi |
| Class 10 | ziyakhinga, zikhinga | ezikhingayo, ezikhinga | zikhinga | azikhingi | ezingakhingi | zingakhingi |
| Class 11 | luyakhinga, lukhinga | olukhingayo, olukhinga | lukhinga | alukhingi | olungakhingi | lungakhingi |
| Class 14 | buyakhinga, bukhinga | obukhingayo, obukhinga | bukhinga | abukhingi | obungakhingi | bungakhingi |
| Class 15 | kuyakhinga, kukhinga | okukhingayo, okukhinga | kukhinga | akukhingi | okungakhingi | kungakhingi |
| Class 17 | kuyakhinga, kukhinga | okukhingayo, okukhinga | kukhinga | akukhingi | okungakhingi | kungakhingi |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngikhingile, ngikhingē | engikhingile, engikhingē | ngikhingile, ngikhingē | angikhinganga | engingakhinganga | ngingakhinganga |
| 2nd singular | ukhingile, ukhingē | okhingile, okhingē | ukhingile, ukhingē | awukhinganga | ongakhinganga | ungakhinganga |
| 1st plural | sikhingile, sikhingē | esikhingile, esikhingē | sikhingile, sikhingē | asikhinganga | esingakhinganga | singakhinganga |
| 2nd plural | nikhingile, nikhingē | enikhingile, enikhingē | nikhingile, nikhingē | anikhinganga | eningakhinganga | ningakhinganga |
| Class 1 | ukhingile, ukhingē | okhingile, okhingē | ekhingile, ekhingē | akakhinganga | ongakhinganga | engakhinganga |
| Class 2 | bakhingile, bakhingē | abakhingile, abakhingē | bekhingile, bekhingē | abakhinganga | abangakhinganga | bengakhinganga |
| Class 3 | ukhingile, ukhingē | okhingile, okhingē | ukhingile, ukhingē | awukhinganga | ongakhinganga | ungakhinganga |
| Class 4 | ikhingile, ikhingē | ekhingile, ekhingē | ikhingile, ikhingē | ayikhinganga | engakhinganga | ingakhinganga |
| Class 5 | likhingile, likhingē | elikhingile, elikhingē | likhingile, likhingē | alikhinganga | elingakhinganga | lingakhinganga |
| Class 6 | akhingile, akhingē | akhingile, akhingē | ekhingile, ekhingē | awakhinganga | angakhinganga | engakhinganga |
| Class 7 | sikhingile, sikhingē | esikhingile, esikhingē | sikhingile, sikhingē | asikhinganga | esingakhinganga | singakhinganga |
| Class 8 | zikhingile, zikhingē | ezikhingile, ezikhingē | zikhingile, zikhingē | azikhinganga | ezingakhinganga | zingakhinganga |
| Class 9 | ikhingile, ikhingē | ekhingile, ekhingē | ikhingile, ikhingē | ayikhinganga | engakhinganga | ingakhinganga |
| Class 10 | zikhingile, zikhingē | ezikhingile, ezikhingē | zikhingile, zikhingē | azikhinganga | ezingakhinganga | zingakhinganga |
| Class 11 | lukhingile, lukhingē | olukhingile, olukhingē | lukhingile, lukhingē | alukhinganga | olungakhinganga | lungakhinganga |
| Class 14 | bukhingile, bukhingē | obukhingile, obukhingē | bukhingile, bukhingē | abukhinganga | obungakhinganga | bungakhinganga |
| Class 15 | kukhingile, kukhingē | okukhingile, okukhingē | kukhingile, kukhingē | akukhinganga | okungakhinganga | kungakhinganga |
| Class 17 | kukhingile, kukhingē | okukhingile, okukhingē | kukhingile, kukhingē | akukhinganga | okungakhinganga | kungakhinganga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngākhinga | engākhinga | ngākhinga | angikhinganga | engingakhinganga | ngingakhinganga |
| 2nd singular | wākhinga | owākhinga | wākhinga | awukhinganga | ongakhinganga | ungakhinganga |
| 1st plural | sākhinga | esākhinga | sākhinga | asikhinganga | esingakhinganga | singakhinganga |
| 2nd plural | nākhinga | enākhinga | nākhinga | anikhinganga | eningakhinganga | ningakhinganga |
| Class 1 | wākhinga | owākhinga | ākhinga | akakhinganga | ongakhinganga | engakhinganga |
| Class 2 | bākhinga | abākhinga | bākhinga | abakhinganga | abangakhinganga | bengakhinganga |
| Class 3 | wākhinga | owākhinga | wākhinga | awukhinganga | ongakhinganga | ungakhinganga |
| Class 4 | yākhinga | eyākhinga | yākhinga | ayikhinganga | engakhinganga | ingakhinganga |
| Class 5 | lākhinga | elākhinga | lākhinga | alikhinganga | elingakhinganga | lingakhinganga |
| Class 6 | ākhinga | ākhinga | ākhinga | awakhinganga | angakhinganga | engakhinganga |
| Class 7 | sākhinga | esākhinga | sākhinga | asikhinganga | esingakhinganga | singakhinganga |
| Class 8 | zākhinga | ezākhinga | zākhinga | azikhinganga | ezingakhinganga | zingakhinganga |
| Class 9 | yākhinga | eyākhinga | yākhinga | ayikhinganga | engakhinganga | ingakhinganga |
| Class 10 | zākhinga | ezākhinga | zākhinga | azikhinganga | ezingakhinganga | zingakhinganga |
| Class 11 | lwākhinga | olwākhinga | lwākhinga | alukhinganga | olungakhinganga | lungakhinganga |
| Class 14 | bākhinga | obākhinga | bākhinga | abukhinganga | obungakhinganga | bungakhinganga |
| Class 15 | kwākhinga | okwākhinga | kwākhinga | akukhinganga | okungakhinganga | kungakhinganga |
| Class 17 | kwākhinga | okwākhinga | kwākhinga | akukhinganga | okungakhinganga | kungakhinganga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingakhinga | — | ngingakhinga | ngingekhinge | — | ngingekhinge |
| 2nd singular | ungakhinga | — | ungakhinga | ungekhinge | — | ungekhinge |
| 1st plural | singakhinga | — | singakhinga | singekhinge | — | singekhinge |
| 2nd plural | ningakhinga | — | ningakhinga | ningekhinge | — | ningekhinge |
| Class 1 | angakhinga | — | engakhinga | angekhinge | — | engekhinge |
| Class 2 | bangakhinga | — | bengakhinga | bangekhinge | — | bengekhinge |
| Class 3 | ungakhinga | — | ungakhinga | ungekhinge | — | ungekhinge |
| Class 4 | ingakhinga | — | ingakhinga | ingekhinge | — | ingekhinge |
| Class 5 | lingakhinga | — | lingakhinga | lingekhinge | — | lingekhinge |
| Class 6 | angakhinga | — | engakhinga | angekhinge | — | engekhinge |
| Class 7 | singakhinga | — | singakhinga | singekhinge | — | singekhinge |
| Class 8 | zingakhinga | — | zingakhinga | zingekhinge | — | zingekhinge |
| Class 9 | ingakhinga | — | ingakhinga | ingekhinge | — | ingekhinge |
| Class 10 | zingakhinga | — | zingakhinga | zingekhinge | — | zingekhinge |
| Class 11 | lungakhinga | — | lungakhinga | lungekhinge | — | lungekhinge |
| Class 14 | bungakhinga | — | bungakhinga | bungekhinge | — | bungekhinge |
| Class 15 | kungakhinga | — | kungakhinga | kungekhinge | — | kungekhinge |
| Class 17 | kungakhinga | — | kungakhinga | kungekhinge | — | kungekhinge |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizokhinga | engizokhinga | ngizokhinga | angizukhinga | engingezukhinga | ngingezukhinga |
| 2nd singular | uzokhinga | ozokhinga | uzokhinga | awuzukhinga | ongezukhinga | ungezukhinga |
| 1st plural | sizokhinga | esizokhinga | sizokhinga | asizukhinga | esingezukhinga | singezukhinga |
| 2nd plural | nizokhinga | enizokhinga | nizokhinga | anizukhinga | eningezukhinga | ningezukhinga |
| Class 1 | uzokhinga | ozokhinga | ezokhinga | akazukhinga | ongezukhinga | engezukhinga |
| Class 2 | bazokhinga | abazokhinga | bezokhinga | abazukhinga | abangezukhinga | bengezukhinga |
| Class 3 | uzokhinga | ozokhinga | uzokhinga | awuzukhinga | ongezukhinga | ungezukhinga |
| Class 4 | izokhinga | ezokhinga | izokhinga | ayizukhinga | engezukhinga | ingezukhinga |
| Class 5 | lizokhinga | elizokhinga | lizokhinga | alizukhinga | elingezukhinga | lingezukhinga |
| Class 6 | azokhinga | azokhinga | ezokhinga | awazukhinga | angezukhinga | engezukhinga |
| Class 7 | sizokhinga | esizokhinga | sizokhinga | asizukhinga | esingezukhinga | singezukhinga |
| Class 8 | zizokhinga | ezizokhinga | zizokhinga | azizukhinga | ezingezukhinga | zingezukhinga |
| Class 9 | izokhinga | ezokhinga | izokhinga | ayizukhinga | engezukhinga | ingezukhinga |
| Class 10 | zizokhinga | ezizokhinga | zizokhinga | azizukhinga | ezingezukhinga | zingezukhinga |
| Class 11 | luzokhinga | oluzokhinga | luzokhinga | aluzukhinga | olungezukhinga | lungezukhinga |
| Class 14 | buzokhinga | obuzokhinga | buzokhinga | abuzukhinga | obungezukhinga | bungezukhinga |
| Class 15 | kuzokhinga | okuzokhinga | kuzokhinga | akuzukhinga | okungezukhinga | kungezukhinga |
| Class 17 | kuzokhinga | okuzokhinga | kuzokhinga | akuzukhinga | okungezukhinga | kungezukhinga |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyokhinga | engiyokhinga | ngiyokhinga | angiyukhinga | engingeyukhinga | ngingeyukhinga |
| 2nd singular | uyokhinga | oyokhinga | uyokhinga | awuyukhinga | ongeyukhinga | ungeyukhinga |
| 1st plural | siyokhinga | esiyokhinga | siyokhinga | asiyukhinga | esingeyukhinga | singeyukhinga |
| 2nd plural | niyokhinga | eniyokhinga | niyokhinga | aniyukhinga | eningeyukhinga | ningeyukhinga |
| Class 1 | uyokhinga | oyokhinga | eyokhinga | akayukhinga | ongeyukhinga | engeyukhinga |
| Class 2 | bayokhinga | abayokhinga | beyokhinga | abayukhinga | abangeyukhinga | bengeyukhinga |
| Class 3 | uyokhinga | oyokhinga | uyokhinga | awuyukhinga | ongeyukhinga | ungeyukhinga |
| Class 4 | iyokhinga | eyokhinga | iyokhinga | ayiyukhinga | engeyukhinga | ingeyukhinga |
| Class 5 | liyokhinga | eliyokhinga | liyokhinga | aliyukhinga | elingeyukhinga | lingeyukhinga |
| Class 6 | ayokhinga | ayokhinga | eyokhinga | awayukhinga | angeyukhinga | engeyukhinga |
| Class 7 | siyokhinga | esiyokhinga | siyokhinga | asiyukhinga | esingeyukhinga | singeyukhinga |
| Class 8 | ziyokhinga | eziyokhinga | ziyokhinga | aziyukhinga | ezingeyukhinga | zingeyukhinga |
| Class 9 | iyokhinga | eyokhinga | iyokhinga | ayiyukhinga | engeyukhinga | ingeyukhinga |
| Class 10 | ziyokhinga | eziyokhinga | ziyokhinga | aziyukhinga | ezingeyukhinga | zingeyukhinga |
| Class 11 | luyokhinga | oluyokhinga | luyokhinga | aluyukhinga | olungeyukhinga | lungeyukhinga |
| Class 14 | buyokhinga | obuyokhinga | buyokhinga | abuyukhinga | obungeyukhinga | bungeyukhinga |
| Class 15 | kuyokhinga | okuyokhinga | kuyokhinga | akuyukhinga | okungeyukhinga | kungeyukhinga |
| Class 17 | kuyokhinga | okuyokhinga | kuyokhinga | akuyukhinga | okungeyukhinga | kungeyukhinga |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngikhinge | ngingakhingi |
| 2nd singular | ukhinge | ungakhingi |
| 1st plural | sikhinge | singakhingi |
| 2nd plural | nikhinge | ningakhingi |
| Class 1 | akhinge | angakhingi |
| Class 2 | bakhinge | bangakhingi |
| Class 3 | ukhinge | ungakhingi |
| Class 4 | ikhinge | ingakhingi |
| Class 5 | likhinge | lingakhingi |
| Class 6 | akhinge | angakhingi |
| Class 7 | sikhinge | singakhingi |
| Class 8 | zikhinge | zingakhingi |
| Class 9 | ikhinge | ingakhingi |
| Class 10 | zikhinge | zingakhingi |
| Class 11 | lukhinge | lungakhingi |
| Class 14 | bukhinge | bungakhingi |
| Class 15 | kukhinge | kungakhingi |
| Class 17 | kukhinge | kungakhingi |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngakhinga | ngangakhinga, angakhinga, angangakhinga |
| 2nd singular | wakhinga | wangakhinga, awakhinga, awangakhinga |
| 1st plural | sakhinga | sangakhinga, asakhinga, asangakhinga |
| 2nd plural | nakhinga | nangakhinga, anakhinga, anangakhinga |
| Class 1 | wakhinga | wangakhinga, akakhinga, akangakhinga |
| Class 2 | bakhinga | bangakhinga, abakhinga, abangakhinga |
| Class 3 | wakhinga | wangakhinga, awakhinga, awangakhinga |
| Class 4 | yakhinga | yangakhinga, ayakhinga, ayangakhinga |
| Class 5 | lakhinga | langakhinga, alakhinga, alangakhinga |
| Class 6 | akhinga | angakhinga, awakhinga, awangakhinga |
| Class 7 | sakhinga | sangakhinga, asakhinga, asangakhinga |
| Class 8 | zakhinga | zangakhinga, azakhinga, azangakhinga |
| Class 9 | yakhinga | yangakhinga, ayakhinga, ayangakhinga |
| Class 10 | zakhinga | zangakhinga, azakhinga, azangakhinga |
| Class 11 | lwakhinga | lwangakhinga, alwakhinga, alwangakhinga |
| Class 14 | bakhinga | bangakhinga, abakhinga, abangakhinga |
| Class 15 | kwakhinga | kwangakhinga, akwakhinga, akwangakhinga |
| Class 17 | kwakhinga | kwangakhinga, akwakhinga, akwangakhinga |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “khinga”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “khinga (3.9)”