# 蒼天
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): cāngtiān
    (Zhuyin): ㄘㄤ ㄊㄧㄢ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): cong$^1$ tin$^1$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhông-thiên
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): chhong-thian
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: cāngtiān
*** Zhuyin: ㄘㄤ ㄊㄧㄢ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cangtian
*** Wade–Giles: tsʻang$^1$-tʻien$^1$
*** Yale: tsāng-tyān
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsangtian
*** Palladius: цантянь (cantjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɑŋ⁵⁵ tʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: cong$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Yale: chōng tīn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: tsong$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Guangdong Romanization: cong$^1$ tin$^1$
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡sʰɔːŋ⁵⁵ tʰiːn⁵⁵/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhông-thiên
*** Hakka Romanization System: cong$^ˊ$ tien$^ˊ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: cong$^1$ tian$^1$
*** Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰoŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ tʰi̯en²⁴/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chhong-thian
*** Tâi-lô: tshong-thian
*** Phofsit Daibuun: zhongtiefn
*** IPA (Xiamen): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ³³ tʰiɛn³³/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Taipei): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡sʰɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ tʰiɛn⁴⁴/
* Middle Chinese: tshang|tshangX then
Rime :
| Character | 蒼 | 蒼 | 天 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| Initial (聲) | 清 (14) | 清 (14) | 透 (6) |
| Final (韻) | 唐 (101) | 唐 (101) | 先 (85) |
| Tone (調) | Level (Ø) | Rising (X) | Level (Ø) |
| Openness (開合) | Open | Open | Open |
| Division (等) | I | I | IV |
| Fanqie | 七岡切 | 麁朗切 | 他前切 |
| Baxter | tshang | tshangX | then |
| Reconstructions ||||
| Zhengzhang Shangfang | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ | /t͡sʰɑŋ$^X$/ | /tʰen/ |
| Pan Wuyun | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ | /t͡sʰɑŋ$^X$/ | /tʰen/ |
| Shao Rongfen | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ | /t͡sʰɑŋ$^X$/ | /tʰɛn/ |
| Edwin Pulleyblank | /t͡sʰaŋ/ | /t͡sʰaŋ$^X$/ | /tʰɛn/ |
| Li Rong | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ | /t͡sʰɑŋ$^X$/ | /tʰen/ |
| Wang Li | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ | /t͡sʰɑŋ$^X$/ | /tʰien/ |
| Bernard Karlgren | /t͡sʰɑŋ/ | /t͡sʰɑŋ$^X$/ | /tʰien/ |
| Expected Mandarin Reflex | cāng | cǎng | tiān |
| Expected Cantonese Reflex | cong$^1$ | cong$^2$ | tin$^1$ |
* Old Chinese
    (Baxter–Sagart): /*[tsʰ]ˤaŋ l̥ˤi[n]|l̥ˤi[n]/
    (Zhengzhang): /*sʰaːŋ|sʰaːŋʔ qʰl'iːn/
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014) :
| Character | 蒼 | 天 | 天 |
| Reading # | 1/1 | 1/2 | 2/2 |
| Modern Beijing (Pinyin) | cāng | tiān | xiān |
| Middle Chinese | ‹ tshang › | ‹ then › | ‹ xen › |
| Old Chinese | /*[tsʰ]ˁaŋ/ | /*l̥ˁi[n]/ | /*l̥ˁi[n]/ (W dialect: l̥ˁ- > Hàn-time *xˁ- > MC x-) |
| English | deep blue or green | heaven | heaven |
| Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary. ||||
Zhengzhang system (2003) :
| Character | 蒼 | 蒼 | 天 |
| Reading # | 1/2 | 2/2 | 1/1 |
| No. | 1126 | 1131 | 12387 |
| Phonetic component | 倉 | 倉 | 天 |
| Rime group | 陽 | 陽 | 眞 |
| Rime subdivision | 0 | 0 | 1 |
| Corresponding MC rime | 倉 | 蒼 | 天 |
| Old Chinese | /*sʰaːŋ/ | /*sʰaːŋʔ/ | /*qʰl'iːn/ |

### Noun

蒼天
* (literary) heaven; firmament
* (literary) blue sky
* (literary) spring

#### Synonyms

* (heaven): 穹蒼／穹苍 (qióngcāng)
* (blue sky):
* 碧空 (bìkōng) (literary)
* 碧落 (bìluò) (literary, Taoism)
* 蒼旻／苍旻 (cāngmín) (literary)
* 蒼穹／苍穹 (cāngqióng) (literary)
* 藍天／蓝天 (lántiān)
* 青天 (qīngtiān)
* 青空 (qīngkōng) (literary)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 蒼 | 天 |
| そう Jinmeiyō | てん Grade: 1 |
| on'yomi ||

### Noun

蒼(そう)天(てん) • (sōten)
* (literary) the blue sky; the azure sky; the heavens
    Synonyms: 青空 (aozora), 蒼穹 (sōkyū), 蒼空 (sōkū)