# confiner
## English
### Etymology 1

From confine (verb) +‎ -er.

#### Noun

confiner (plural confiners)
* One who, or that which, limits or restrains.
** 1794, Jonathan Scott, transl., Ferishta’s History of Dekkan from the First Mahummedan Conquests‎, volume I, Shrewsbury, page 311:[…] as he attended him through the streets, the common people, and even women, uttered loud exclamations of abuse against him, calling him the murderer of syeds, and confiner of Chaund Sultana.
** 1816, Barbara Hofland, chapter 2, in The Affectionate Brothers‎, volume 2, London: A.K. Newman, pages 40–41:[…] I hope to gain a friend in you, and that will surely repay, a thousand times, the exertions I have at length happily made to terminate your captivity, which has, I know, been continued, rather from the obstinacy and idleness of your confiners, than any remaining malice against your country, or suspicions of yourself.
** 1876, C. Henri Leonard, chapter 11, in A Manual of Bandaging Adapted for Self-Instruction‎, Detroit: Daily Post, page 122:The narrow adhesive strips […] are then applied spirally about the leg, as confiners.
** 2016, “Last Chance for Animals’ Investigation Leads to Animal Cruelty Charges for Marineland Canada,” Press Release dated 4 December, 2016,
    The undercover investigation exposed inadequate treatment, housing, and care of marine mammals at Marineland, the world’s largest confiner of beluga whales.

### Etymology 2

From confine (noun) +‎ -er.

#### Noun

confiner (plural confiners) (obsolete)
* A person who lives on the confines, boundary or edge; a neighbour.
** 1599, Samuel Daniel, The Civil Wars of England, Book 1, Stanza 18, in Poeticall Essayes, London: Simon Waterson, p. 4,
    So did the worldes proud Mistres Rome at first
    Striue with a hard beginning, warr’d with need;
    Forcing her strong Confiners to the worst,
    And in her bloud her greatnes first did breed:
** 1624, Henry Wotton, editor, The Elements of Architecture, collected by Henry Wotton Knight, from the Best Authors and Examples‎, London, Part 2, p. 88:[…] though Gladnesse, and Griefe, be opposites in Nature; yet they are such Neighbours and Confiners in Arte, that the least touch of a Pensill, will translate a Crying, into a Laughing Face […]
** 1629, Thomas Hobbes, transl., Eight Bookes of the Peloponnesian Warre written by Thucydides the Sonne of Olorus‎, London: Henry Seile, Book 3, p. 197:For being Confiners on the Aetolians, and vsing the same manner of arming, it was thought it would bee a matter of great vtility in the Warre, to haue them in their Armie; for that they knew their manner of fight, and were acquainted with the Country.
** 1683, Thomas Browne, Certain Miscellany Tracts‎, London: Charles Mearn, Tract 12, page 187:[…] he would soon endeavour to have Ports upon that Sea, as not wanting Materials for Shipping. And […] may be a terrour unto the confiners on that Sea, and to Nations which now conceive themselves safe from such an Enemy.
** 1697, Thomas d’Urfey, The Intrigues of Versailles, London: F. Saunders et al., Act IV, Scene 2, p. ,
    […] darkness is naturally a confiner of fancy; and my Muse has taught me just as people do Starlings: I sing always best when I’ve least light […]
* A person who lives within the confines; an inhabitant.
** 1611 April (first recorded performance), William Shakespeare, “The Tragedie of Cymbeline”, in Mr. William Shakespeares Comedies, Histories, & Tragedies […] (First Folio), London: […] Isaac Iaggard, and Ed[ward] Blount, published 1623, →OCLC, [Act IV, scene ii]:The senate hath stirr’d up the confiners And gentlemen of Italy, most willing spirits, That promise noble service […]
* A prisoner incarcerated for a set term.
** 1819, Joseph John Gurney, Notes on a Visit Made to Some of the Prisons in Scotland and the North of England in Company with Elizabeth Fry, London: Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme & Brown, p. 64,
    Lancaster Castle […] contains two classes of prisoners; first, the untried, and those sentenced to death or transportation; and secondly, confiners,—persons sent hither for terms of imprisonment and labour.

## French
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kɔ̃.fi.ne/
* Rhymes: -e
* Audio:(file)

### Verb

confiner
* to confine
* to border (on)

#### Conjugation
### Further reading

* “confiner”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.