# mangala
## Southern Ndebele
### Verb

-mángala
* to be surprised

#### Inflection

This noun needs an inflection-table template.

## Spanish
### Verb

mangala
* second-person singular voseo imperative of mangar combined with la

## Swazi
### Verb

-mángala
* to be amazed, to be surprised

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Xhosa
### Verb

-mángala
* (intransitive) to be surprised

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Verb

-mangala
* (intransitive) to be amazed, to be astonished, to be surprised

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukumangala |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukumangala | ukungamangali |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | mangala | -mangale |
| Plural | mangalani | -mangaleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyamangala, ngimangala | engimangalayo, engimangala | ngimangala | angimangali | engingamangali | ngingamangali |
| 2nd singular | uyamangala, umangala | omangalayo, omangala | umangala | awumangali | ongamangali | ungamangali |
| 1st plural | siyamangala, simangala | esimangalayo, esimangala | simangala | asimangali | esingamangali | singamangali |
| 2nd plural | niyamangala, nimangala | enimangalayo, enimangala | nimangala | animangali | eningamangali | ningamangali |
| Class 1 | uyamangala, umangala | omangalayo, omangala | emangala | akamangali | ongamangali | engamangali |
| Class 2 | bayamangala, bamangala | abamangalayo, abamangala | bemangala | abamangali | abangamangali | bengamangali |
| Class 3 | uyamangala, umangala | omangalayo, omangala | umangala | awumangali | ongamangali | ungamangali |
| Class 4 | iyamangala, imangala | emangalayo, emangala | imangala | ayimangali | engamangali | ingamangali |
| Class 5 | liyamangala, limangala | elimangalayo, elimangala | limangala | alimangali | elingamangali | lingamangali |
| Class 6 | ayamangala, amangala | amangalayo, amangala | emangala | awamangali | angamangali | engamangali |
| Class 7 | siyamangala, simangala | esimangalayo, esimangala | simangala | asimangali | esingamangali | singamangali |
| Class 8 | ziyamangala, zimangala | ezimangalayo, ezimangala | zimangala | azimangali | ezingamangali | zingamangali |
| Class 9 | iyamangala, imangala | emangalayo, emangala | imangala | ayimangali | engamangali | ingamangali |
| Class 10 | ziyamangala, zimangala | ezimangalayo, ezimangala | zimangala | azimangali | ezingamangali | zingamangali |
| Class 11 | luyamangala, lumangala | olumangalayo, olumangala | lumangala | alumangali | olungamangali | lungamangali |
| Class 14 | buyamangala, bumangala | obumangalayo, obumangala | bumangala | abumangali | obungamangali | bungamangali |
| Class 15 | kuyamangala, kumangala | okumangalayo, okumangala | kumangala | akumangali | okungamangali | kungamangali |
| Class 17 | kuyamangala, kumangala | okumangalayo, okumangala | kumangala | akumangali | okungamangali | kungamangali |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngimangalile, ngimangalē | engimangalile, engimangalē | ngimangalile, ngimangalē | angimangalanga | engingamangalanga | ngingamangalanga |
| 2nd singular | umangalile, umangalē | omangalile, omangalē | umangalile, umangalē | awumangalanga | ongamangalanga | ungamangalanga |
| 1st plural | simangalile, simangalē | esimangalile, esimangalē | simangalile, simangalē | asimangalanga | esingamangalanga | singamangalanga |
| 2nd plural | nimangalile, nimangalē | enimangalile, enimangalē | nimangalile, nimangalē | animangalanga | eningamangalanga | ningamangalanga |
| Class 1 | umangalile, umangalē | omangalile, omangalē | emangalile, emangalē | akamangalanga | ongamangalanga | engamangalanga |
| Class 2 | bamangalile, bamangalē | abamangalile, abamangalē | bemangalile, bemangalē | abamangalanga | abangamangalanga | bengamangalanga |
| Class 3 | umangalile, umangalē | omangalile, omangalē | umangalile, umangalē | awumangalanga | ongamangalanga | ungamangalanga |
| Class 4 | imangalile, imangalē | emangalile, emangalē | imangalile, imangalē | ayimangalanga | engamangalanga | ingamangalanga |
| Class 5 | limangalile, limangalē | elimangalile, elimangalē | limangalile, limangalē | alimangalanga | elingamangalanga | lingamangalanga |
| Class 6 | amangalile, amangalē | amangalile, amangalē | emangalile, emangalē | awamangalanga | angamangalanga | engamangalanga |
| Class 7 | simangalile, simangalē | esimangalile, esimangalē | simangalile, simangalē | asimangalanga | esingamangalanga | singamangalanga |
| Class 8 | zimangalile, zimangalē | ezimangalile, ezimangalē | zimangalile, zimangalē | azimangalanga | ezingamangalanga | zingamangalanga |
| Class 9 | imangalile, imangalē | emangalile, emangalē | imangalile, imangalē | ayimangalanga | engamangalanga | ingamangalanga |
| Class 10 | zimangalile, zimangalē | ezimangalile, ezimangalē | zimangalile, zimangalē | azimangalanga | ezingamangalanga | zingamangalanga |
| Class 11 | lumangalile, lumangalē | olumangalile, olumangalē | lumangalile, lumangalē | alumangalanga | olungamangalanga | lungamangalanga |
| Class 14 | bumangalile, bumangalē | obumangalile, obumangalē | bumangalile, bumangalē | abumangalanga | obungamangalanga | bungamangalanga |
| Class 15 | kumangalile, kumangalē | okumangalile, okumangalē | kumangalile, kumangalē | akumangalanga | okungamangalanga | kungamangalanga |
| Class 17 | kumangalile, kumangalē | okumangalile, okumangalē | kumangalile, kumangalē | akumangalanga | okungamangalanga | kungamangalanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāmangala | engāmangala | ngāmangala | angimangalanga | engingamangalanga | ngingamangalanga |
| 2nd singular | wāmangala | owāmangala | wāmangala | awumangalanga | ongamangalanga | ungamangalanga |
| 1st plural | sāmangala | esāmangala | sāmangala | asimangalanga | esingamangalanga | singamangalanga |
| 2nd plural | nāmangala | enāmangala | nāmangala | animangalanga | eningamangalanga | ningamangalanga |
| Class 1 | wāmangala | owāmangala | āmangala | akamangalanga | ongamangalanga | engamangalanga |
| Class 2 | bāmangala | abāmangala | bāmangala | abamangalanga | abangamangalanga | bengamangalanga |
| Class 3 | wāmangala | owāmangala | wāmangala | awumangalanga | ongamangalanga | ungamangalanga |
| Class 4 | yāmangala | eyāmangala | yāmangala | ayimangalanga | engamangalanga | ingamangalanga |
| Class 5 | lāmangala | elāmangala | lāmangala | alimangalanga | elingamangalanga | lingamangalanga |
| Class 6 | āmangala | āmangala | āmangala | awamangalanga | angamangalanga | engamangalanga |
| Class 7 | sāmangala | esāmangala | sāmangala | asimangalanga | esingamangalanga | singamangalanga |
| Class 8 | zāmangala | ezāmangala | zāmangala | azimangalanga | ezingamangalanga | zingamangalanga |
| Class 9 | yāmangala | eyāmangala | yāmangala | ayimangalanga | engamangalanga | ingamangalanga |
| Class 10 | zāmangala | ezāmangala | zāmangala | azimangalanga | ezingamangalanga | zingamangalanga |
| Class 11 | lwāmangala | olwāmangala | lwāmangala | alumangalanga | olungamangalanga | lungamangalanga |
| Class 14 | bāmangala | obāmangala | bāmangala | abumangalanga | obungamangalanga | bungamangalanga |
| Class 15 | kwāmangala | okwāmangala | kwāmangala | akumangalanga | okungamangalanga | kungamangalanga |
| Class 17 | kwāmangala | okwāmangala | kwāmangala | akumangalanga | okungamangalanga | kungamangalanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingamangala | — | ngingamangala | ngingemangale | — | ngingemangale |
| 2nd singular | ungamangala | — | ungamangala | ungemangale | — | ungemangale |
| 1st plural | singamangala | — | singamangala | singemangale | — | singemangale |
| 2nd plural | ningamangala | — | ningamangala | ningemangale | — | ningemangale |
| Class 1 | angamangala | — | engamangala | angemangale | — | engemangale |
| Class 2 | bangamangala | — | bengamangala | bangemangale | — | bengemangale |
| Class 3 | ungamangala | — | ungamangala | ungemangale | — | ungemangale |
| Class 4 | ingamangala | — | ingamangala | ingemangale | — | ingemangale |
| Class 5 | lingamangala | — | lingamangala | lingemangale | — | lingemangale |
| Class 6 | angamangala | — | engamangala | angemangale | — | engemangale |
| Class 7 | singamangala | — | singamangala | singemangale | — | singemangale |
| Class 8 | zingamangala | — | zingamangala | zingemangale | — | zingemangale |
| Class 9 | ingamangala | — | ingamangala | ingemangale | — | ingemangale |
| Class 10 | zingamangala | — | zingamangala | zingemangale | — | zingemangale |
| Class 11 | lungamangala | — | lungamangala | lungemangale | — | lungemangale |
| Class 14 | bungamangala | — | bungamangala | bungemangale | — | bungemangale |
| Class 15 | kungamangala | — | kungamangala | kungemangale | — | kungemangale |
| Class 17 | kungamangala | — | kungamangala | kungemangale | — | kungemangale |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizomangala | engizomangala | ngizomangala | angizumangala | engingezumangala | ngingezumangala |
| 2nd singular | uzomangala | ozomangala | uzomangala | awuzumangala | ongezumangala | ungezumangala |
| 1st plural | sizomangala | esizomangala | sizomangala | asizumangala | esingezumangala | singezumangala |
| 2nd plural | nizomangala | enizomangala | nizomangala | anizumangala | eningezumangala | ningezumangala |
| Class 1 | uzomangala | ozomangala | ezomangala | akazumangala | ongezumangala | engezumangala |
| Class 2 | bazomangala | abazomangala | bezomangala | abazumangala | abangezumangala | bengezumangala |
| Class 3 | uzomangala | ozomangala | uzomangala | awuzumangala | ongezumangala | ungezumangala |
| Class 4 | izomangala | ezomangala | izomangala | ayizumangala | engezumangala | ingezumangala |
| Class 5 | lizomangala | elizomangala | lizomangala | alizumangala | elingezumangala | lingezumangala |
| Class 6 | azomangala | azomangala | ezomangala | awazumangala | angezumangala | engezumangala |
| Class 7 | sizomangala | esizomangala | sizomangala | asizumangala | esingezumangala | singezumangala |
| Class 8 | zizomangala | ezizomangala | zizomangala | azizumangala | ezingezumangala | zingezumangala |
| Class 9 | izomangala | ezomangala | izomangala | ayizumangala | engezumangala | ingezumangala |
| Class 10 | zizomangala | ezizomangala | zizomangala | azizumangala | ezingezumangala | zingezumangala |
| Class 11 | luzomangala | oluzomangala | luzomangala | aluzumangala | olungezumangala | lungezumangala |
| Class 14 | buzomangala | obuzomangala | buzomangala | abuzumangala | obungezumangala | bungezumangala |
| Class 15 | kuzomangala | okuzomangala | kuzomangala | akuzumangala | okungezumangala | kungezumangala |
| Class 17 | kuzomangala | okuzomangala | kuzomangala | akuzumangala | okungezumangala | kungezumangala |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyomangala | engiyomangala | ngiyomangala | angiyumangala | engingeyumangala | ngingeyumangala |
| 2nd singular | uyomangala | oyomangala | uyomangala | awuyumangala | ongeyumangala | ungeyumangala |
| 1st plural | siyomangala | esiyomangala | siyomangala | asiyumangala | esingeyumangala | singeyumangala |
| 2nd plural | niyomangala | eniyomangala | niyomangala | aniyumangala | eningeyumangala | ningeyumangala |
| Class 1 | uyomangala | oyomangala | eyomangala | akayumangala | ongeyumangala | engeyumangala |
| Class 2 | bayomangala | abayomangala | beyomangala | abayumangala | abangeyumangala | bengeyumangala |
| Class 3 | uyomangala | oyomangala | uyomangala | awuyumangala | ongeyumangala | ungeyumangala |
| Class 4 | iyomangala | eyomangala | iyomangala | ayiyumangala | engeyumangala | ingeyumangala |
| Class 5 | liyomangala | eliyomangala | liyomangala | aliyumangala | elingeyumangala | lingeyumangala |
| Class 6 | ayomangala | ayomangala | eyomangala | awayumangala | angeyumangala | engeyumangala |
| Class 7 | siyomangala | esiyomangala | siyomangala | asiyumangala | esingeyumangala | singeyumangala |
| Class 8 | ziyomangala | eziyomangala | ziyomangala | aziyumangala | ezingeyumangala | zingeyumangala |
| Class 9 | iyomangala | eyomangala | iyomangala | ayiyumangala | engeyumangala | ingeyumangala |
| Class 10 | ziyomangala | eziyomangala | ziyomangala | aziyumangala | ezingeyumangala | zingeyumangala |
| Class 11 | luyomangala | oluyomangala | luyomangala | aluyumangala | olungeyumangala | lungeyumangala |
| Class 14 | buyomangala | obuyomangala | buyomangala | abuyumangala | obungeyumangala | bungeyumangala |
| Class 15 | kuyomangala | okuyomangala | kuyomangala | akuyumangala | okungeyumangala | kungeyumangala |
| Class 17 | kuyomangala | okuyomangala | kuyomangala | akuyumangala | okungeyumangala | kungeyumangala |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngimangale | ngingamangali |
| 2nd singular | umangale | ungamangali |
| 1st plural | simangale | singamangali |
| 2nd plural | nimangale | ningamangali |
| Class 1 | amangale | angamangali |
| Class 2 | bamangale | bangamangali |
| Class 3 | umangale | ungamangali |
| Class 4 | imangale | ingamangali |
| Class 5 | limangale | lingamangali |
| Class 6 | amangale | angamangali |
| Class 7 | simangale | singamangali |
| Class 8 | zimangale | zingamangali |
| Class 9 | imangale | ingamangali |
| Class 10 | zimangale | zingamangali |
| Class 11 | lumangale | lungamangali |
| Class 14 | bumangale | bungamangali |
| Class 15 | kumangale | kungamangali |
| Class 17 | kumangale | kungamangali |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngamangala | ngangamangala, angamangala, angangamangala |
| 2nd singular | wamangala | wangamangala, awamangala, awangamangala |
| 1st plural | samangala | sangamangala, asamangala, asangamangala |
| 2nd plural | namangala | nangamangala, anamangala, anangamangala |
| Class 1 | wamangala | wangamangala, akamangala, akangamangala |
| Class 2 | bamangala | bangamangala, abamangala, abangamangala |
| Class 3 | wamangala | wangamangala, awamangala, awangamangala |
| Class 4 | yamangala | yangamangala, ayamangala, ayangamangala |
| Class 5 | lamangala | langamangala, alamangala, alangamangala |
| Class 6 | amangala | angamangala, awamangala, awangamangala |
| Class 7 | samangala | sangamangala, asamangala, asangamangala |
| Class 8 | zamangala | zangamangala, azamangala, azangamangala |
| Class 9 | yamangala | yangamangala, ayamangala, ayangamangala |
| Class 10 | zamangala | zangamangala, azamangala, azangamangala |
| Class 11 | lwamangala | lwangamangala, alwamangala, alwangamangala |
| Class 14 | bamangala | bangamangala, abamangala, abangamangala |
| Class 15 | kwamangala | kwangamangala, akwamangala, akwangamangala |
| Class 17 | kwamangala | kwangamangala, akwamangala, akwangamangala |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “mangala”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “mangala (3.2.9)”