OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frithjof
## Danish
### Alternative forms

* Frithiof

### Etymology

From Old Norse Friðþjófr. Appears in Old Norse saga and was revived through 19th century literature. Cognate with Norwegian Fridtjof and Swedish Fritiof.

### Proper noun

Frithjof
* a male given name
# divertissimo
## Italian
### Verb

divertissimo
* first-person plural imperfect subjunctive of divertire
# acertarem
## Galician
### Verb

acertarem
* (reintegrationist norm) inflection of acertar:
** third-person plural future subjunctive
** third-person plural personal infinitive

## Portuguese
### Verb

acertarem
* inflection of acertar:
** third-person plural future subjunctive
** third-person plural personal infinitive
# spiserøret
## Norwegian Bokmål
### Noun

spiserøret n
* definite singular of spiserør
# sluiproute
## Dutch
### Etymology

From sluipen (“to sneak”) +‎ route (“route”).

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

sluiproute m (plural sluiprouten or sluiproutes)
* shortcut (a shorter and faster way to a place)
    Synonyms: sluipweg, geitenpad
# actualizadora
## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /aɡtwaliθaˈdoɾa/ [aɣ̞.t̪wa.li.θaˈð̞o.ɾa]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /aɡtwalisaˈdoɾa/ [aɣ̞.t̪wa.li.saˈð̞o.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -oɾa
* Syllabification: ac‧tua‧li‧za‧do‧ra

### Noun

actualizadora f (plural actualizadoras)
* female equivalent of actualizador
# non-rhabdomyosarcomatous
## English
### Adjective

non-rhabdomyosarcomatous (not comparable)
* Alternative form of nonrhabdomyosarcomatous
# auctorizarant
## Latin
### Verb

auctōrizārant
* third-person plural pluperfect active indicative of auctōrizō
# encebáremos
## Spanish
### Verb

encebáremos
* first-person plural future subjunctive of encebar
# cortejarles
## Spanish
### Verb

cortejarles
* infinitive of cortejar combined with les
# semi-closed game
## English
### Noun

semi-closed game (plural semi-closed games)
* A chess game in which the queen's pawn advances two spaces in the first ply move, but not in the second ply move.

#### Further reading

* Semi-Closed Game on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
# spisernes
## Danish
### Noun

spisernes c
* definite genitive plural of spise
# ağaççık
## Turkish
### Etymology

From ağaç +‎ -çık.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɑːtʃːɯk]

### Noun

ağaççık
* shrub (woody plant)
# turbinavano
## Italian
### Verb

turbinavano
* third-person plural imperfect indicative of turbinare
# Unsupported titles/B:ds
## Swedish
### Proper noun

B:ds
* genitive of B:d
# démonétisation
## French
### Etymology

From dé- +‎ monétisation or démonétiser +‎ -ation.

### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

démonétisation f (plural démonétisations)
* demonetization

### Further reading

* “démonétisation”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
# encebándose
## Spanish
### Verb

encebándose
* gerund of encebar combined with se
# achispásemos
## Spanish
### Verb

achispásemos
* first-person plural imperfect subjunctive of achispar
# spiserne
## Danish
### Noun

spiserne c
* definite plural of spise
# larfado
## Galician
### Participle

larfado (feminine larfada, masculine plural larfados, feminine plural larfadas)
* past participle of larfar
# ağaş
## Crimean Tatar
### Noun

ağaş (Northern dialect)
* wood

#### Usage notes

* Literary form: ağaç

#### Declension
## Salar
### Etymology

Cognate with Turkish ağaç.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɑʁɑʃ]

### Noun

ağaş (3rd person possessive [please provide], plural ağaşlar)
* wood
    Synonym: odın

### References

* 林莲云 [Lin Lianyun] (1985) “ağaş”, in 撒拉语简志 [A Brief History of Salar]‎, Beijing: 民族出版社: 琴書店, →OCLC, page 4
* 马伟 [Ma Wei], 朝克 [Chao Ke] (2014) “ağaş”, in 撒拉语366条会话读本 [Salar 366 Conversation Reader]‎, 1st edition, 社会科学文献出版社 [Social Science Literature Press], →ISBN, page 105
# turbinava
## Italian
### Verb

turbinava
* third-person singular imperfect indicative of turbinare

## Portuguese
### Verb

turbinava
* first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of turbinar
# Unsupported titles/B:d
## Swedish
### Proper noun

B:d c (genitive B:ds)
* Contraction of Bergstrand (“a surname”).
    Anna Ulr:a B:dAnna Ulrika Bergstrand
# démonétiseraient
## French
### Pronunciation

* Homophones: démonétiserais, démonétiserait

### Verb

démonétiseraient
* third-person plural conditional of démonétiser
# enamoráreis
## Portuguese
### Verb

enamoráreis
* second-person plural pluperfect indicative of enamorar
# achispés
## Spanish
### Verb

achispés
* second-person singular voseo present subjunctive of achispar
# manreds
## English
### Noun

manreds
* plural of manred

### Anagrams

* randems, Marsden, remands, Smarden, manders, Manders, damners, Mardens, Erdmans, Ramsden, Menards, Dermans
# larfaches
## Galician
### Verb

larfaches
* second-person singular preterite indicative of larfar
# organizaremos
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /oʁ.ɡa.ni.zaˈɾẽ.mus/ [oɦ.ɡa.ni.zaˈɾẽ.mus]
* (Brazil) IPA: /oʁ.ɡa.ni.zaˈɾẽ.mus/ [oɦ.ɡa.ni.zaˈɾẽ.mus]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /oɾ.ɡa.ni.zaˈɾẽ.mus/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /oʁ.ɡa.ni.zaˈɾẽ.muʃ/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /oɻ.ɡa.ni.zaˈɾe.mos/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ɔɾ.ɡɐ.ni.zɐˈɾe.muʃ/ [ɔɾ.ɣɐ.ni.zɐˈɾe.muʃ]
* Hyphenation: or‧ga‧ni‧za‧re‧mos

### Verb

organizaremos
* first-person plural future indicative of organizar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Spain) /oɾɡaniθaˈɾemos/ [oɾ.ɣ̞a.ni.θaˈɾe.mos]
* IPA: (Latin America, Philippines) /oɾɡanisaˈɾemos/ [oɾ.ɣ̞a.ni.saˈɾe.mos]
* Rhymes: -emos
* Syllabification: or‧ga‧ni‧za‧re‧mos

### Verb

organizaremos
* first-person plural future indicative of organizar
# ehrenrührigerem
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

ehrenrührigerem
* strong dative masculine/neuter singular comparative degree of ehrenrührig
# Munsterman
## English
### Etymology

From Munster +‎ -man.

### Noun

Munsterman (plural Munstermen)
* A man from Munster, Ireland.
# liquarere
## Latin
### Verb

liquārēre
* second-person singular imperfect passive subjunctive of liquō
# enamorándote
## Spanish
### Verb

enamorándote
* gerund of enamorar combined with te
# manqwhellere
## Middle English
### Noun

manqwhellere
* Alternative form of manquellere
# achispáramos
## Spanish
### Verb

achispáramos
* first-person plural imperfect subjunctive of achispar
# larfaderr
## Middle English
### Noun

larfaderr
* Alternative form of lorfadyr
# прыжках
## Russian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [prɨʂˈkax]

### Noun

прыжка́х • (pryžkáx) m inan pl
* prepositional plural of прыжо́к (pryžók)
# Cibis
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ɕibis/
* Rhymes: -ibis
* Syllabification: Ci‧bis

### Proper noun

Cibis m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Cibis f (indeclinable)
* a female surname

### Further reading

* “Cibis”, in Internetowy słownik nazwisk w Polsce [Internet dictionary of surnames in Poland], 2022
# nievo
## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin nepōs.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnjɛ.vo/
* Rhymes: -ɛvo
* Hyphenation: niè‧vo

### Noun

nievo m (plural nievi)
* (northern Italy, archaic) Synonym of nipote
** (male) grandchild, grandson
** nephew

### Anagrams

* Nevio, niveo, ovine

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈnjebo/ [ˈnje.β̞o]
* Rhymes: -ebo
* Syllabification: nie‧vo

### Verb

nievo
* first-person singular present indicative of nevar
# enamorándoos
## Spanish
### Verb

enamorándoos
* gerund of enamorar combined with os
# liquaria
## Catalan
### Verb

liquaria
* first/third-person singular conditional of liquar
# spierai
## Italian
### Verb

spierai
* second-person singular future of spiare

### Anagrams

* espirai, ripesai
# corporatised
## English
### Verb

corporatised
* simple past and past participle of corporatise

### Anagrams

* discorporate
# asilarle
## Spanish
### Verb

asilarle
* infinitive of asilar combined with le
# Susmiou
## French
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sys.mju/

### Proper noun

Susmiou m
* Susmiou (a village in the Pyrénées-Atlantiques department, Nouvelle-Aquitaine, France)
    Holonym: Pyrénées-Atlantiques

#### Descendants

* → English: Susmiou
# ehrlicher
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

ehrlicher
* comparative degree of ehrlich

### Adjective

ehrlicher
* inflection of ehrlich:
** strong/mixed nominative masculine singular
** strong genitive/dative feminine singular
** strong genitive plural
# tieteidenvälisyys
## Finnish
### Etymology

tieteidenvälinen +‎ -yys

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈtie̯tei̯denˌʋælisyːs/, [ˈt̪ie̞̯t̪e̞i̯de̞nˌʋælis̠yːs̠]
* Rhymes: -ælisyːs
* Syllabification: tie‧tei‧den‧vä‧li‧syys

### Noun

tieteidenvälisyys
* (scientific) interdisciplinarity

#### Declension

Possessive forms of tieteidenvälisyys (Kotus type 40*F/kalleus, t-d gradation) :
# manganereste
## Italian
### Verb

manganereste
* second-person plural conditional of manganare
# aukštaičiais
## Lithuanian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ɐʊkʃˈtɐjtʲʃʲɛjs]

### Noun

aukštaĩčiais m pl
* instrumental plural of aukštaitis
# enchâsseriez
## French
### Verb

enchâsseriez
* second-person plural conditional of enchâsser
# asilaria
## Portuguese
### Verb

asilaria
* first/third-person singular conditional of asilar
# instreperem
## Latin
### Verb

īnstreperem
* first-person singular imperfect active subjunctive of īnstrepō
# acuminásseis
## Portuguese
### Verb

acuminásseis
* second-person plural imperfect subjunctive of acuminar
# ehrlich machen
## German
### Verb

ehrlich machen
* (obsolete) to legalize or respectablize

### See also

* sich ehrlich machen

### References

* “ehrlich machen” in Deutsches Wörterbuch von Jacob und Wilhelm Grimm, Neubearbeitung (A–F).
# chebrones
## Spanish
### Noun

chebrones
* plural of chebrón
# encarnicemos
## Spanish
### Verb

encarnicemos
* inflection of encarnizar:
** first-person plural present subjunctive
** first-person plural imperative
# lièqiáng
## Mandarin
### Romanization

lièqiáng (Zhuyin ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄑㄧㄤˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 列強／列强
# Freás
## Galician
### Etymology

From earlier Freães, from local Late Latin villa Froilanis, a genitive form of Froila, from a Suevic and Gothic personal name, from *Frawilô, from Proto-Germanic *frawjô (“lord”) and the diminutive personal suffix *-ilan-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɾeˈas/

### Proper noun

Freás m
* A parish of Punxín, Ourense, Galicia
* Freás de Eiras; A parish of Ramirás, Ourense, Galicia
* Freás da Canda; A village in A Canda parish, Piñor, Ourense, Galicia
* A village in Astariz parish, Castrelo de Miño, Ourense, Galicia

#### Related terms

* Bustofreán
* Donfreán
* Freán
* Freáns

### References

* “Freás” in Xavier Gómez Guinovart & Miguel Solla, Aquén. Vigo: Universidade de Vigo, 2007-2017.
* ↑ Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “Freaes”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* ↑ "Freaes", in Gallaeciae Monumenta Historica.
* ↑ "Froilanes", in Gallaeciae Monumenta Historica.
* ↑ Cf. Piel, Joseph M., Kremer, Dieter (1976) Hispano-gotisches Namenbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter - Universitätsverlag, →ISBN .
* ↑ Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, retrieved 19 June 2018, page 293
# lavandomi
## Italian
### Verb

lavandomi
* first-person singular gerund of lavarsi
# instrepentium
## Latin
### Participle

īnstrepentium
* genitive masculine/feminine/neuter plural of īnstrepēns
# acuminées
## French
### Adjective

acuminées
* feminine plural of acuminé
# chibatasse
## Portuguese
### Verb

chibatasse
* first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of chibatar
# smilgroparnas
## Swedish
### Noun

smilgroparnas
* definite genitive plural of smilgrop
# Flüssigkristallbildschirmen
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Flüssigkristallbildschirmen m
* dative plural of Flüssigkristallbildschirm
# lièquán
## Mandarin
### Romanization

lièquán (Zhuyin ㄌㄧㄝˋ ㄑㄩㄢˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 冽泉
# Freán
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* Freám, Freão (reintegrationist)

### Etymology

From local Late Latin villa Froilani, from an improper genitive form of Froila, from a Suevic and Gothic personal name, from Proto-Germanic *Frawilô, from *frawjô (“lord”) and the diminutive personal suffix *-ilan-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /fɾeˈaŋ/ [fɾeˈɑŋ]
* Rhymes: -aŋ
* Hyphenation: Fre‧án

### Proper noun

Freán m
* A parish of O Saviñao, Lugo, Galicia
* A village in Vilacova parish, Abegondo, A Coruña, Galicia
* A village in Morás parish, Arteixo, A Coruña, Galicia
* A village in Lesón parish, A Pobra do Caramiñal, A Coruña, Galicia
* A village in San Mamede de Carnota parish, Carnota, A Coruña, Galicia
* A village in Santa Mariña do Castro parish, Carballedo, Lugo, Galicia
* A village in Argozón parish, Chantada, Lugo, Galicia
* A village in Líncora parish, Chantada, Lugo, Galicia
* A village in Sirvián parish, Guntín, Lugo, Galicia
* A village in Muras parish, Muras, Lugo, Galicia
* A village in Cazás parish, Xermade, Lugo, Galicia
* A village in Atán parish, Pantón, Lugo, Galicia
* A village in Vinseiro parish, A Estrada, Pontevedra, Galicia
* a toponymical surname

#### Related terms

* Bustofreán
* Donfreán
* Freáns
* Freás
* Frián

### See also

* Freán on the Galician Wikipedia.Wikipedia $^{gl}$

### References

* “Freán” in Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo / Xulio Sousa Fernández (dirs.): Cartografía dos apelidos de Galicia. Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega.
* “freá” in Xavier Gómez Guinovart & Miguel Solla, Aquén. Vigo: Universidade de Vigo, 2007-2017.
* ↑ "Froilani", in Gallaeciae Monumenta Historica.
* ↑ Cf. Piel, Joseph M., Kremer, Dieter (1976) Hispano-gotisches Namenbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter - Universitätsverlag, →ISBN .
* ↑ Ringe, Don (2006) From Proto-Indo-European to Proto-Germanic, Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, retrieved 19 June 2018, page 293
# lavandoli
## Italian
### Verb

lavandoli
* compound of lavando, the gerund of lavare, with li

### Anagrams

* allindavo, divallano
# cornuatis
## Latin
### Adjective

cornuātīs
* dative/ablative masculine/feminine/neuter plural of cornuātus
# chibatassem
## Portuguese
### Verb

chibatassem
* third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of chibatar
# acusái
## Asturian
### Verb

acusái
* second-person plural imperative of acusar
# egosentrisesti
## Finnish
### Etymology

egosentrinen +‎ -sti

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈeɡoˌsentrisestiˣ/, [ˈe̞ɡo̞ˌs̠e̞n̪t̪riˌs̠e̞s̠ti(ʔ)]
* Rhymes: -esti
* Syllabification: e‧go‧sent‧ri‧ses‧ti

### Adverb

egosentrisesti
* egocentrically

### Further reading

* “egosentrisesti”, in Kielitoimiston sanakirja [Dictionary of Contemporary Finnish]‎ (in Finnish) (online dictionary, continuously updated), Kotimaisten kielten keskuksen verkkojulkaisuja 35, Helsinki: Kotimaisten kielten tutkimuskeskus (Institute for the Languages of Finland), 2004–, retrieved 2023-07-02
# Flüssigkristallbildschirmes
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Flüssigkristallbildschirmes m
* genitive singular of Flüssigkristallbildschirm
# dénivèlerais
## French
### Verb

dénivèlerais
* first/second-person singular conditional of déniveler
# Frf.
## English
### Proper noun

Frf.
* Abbreviation of Forfar.

### Anagrams

* FFR
# divorzierò
## Italian
### Verb

divorzierò
* first-person singular future of divorziare
# coquendam
## Latin
### Participle

coquendam
* accusative feminine singular of coquendus
# acusándolas
## Spanish
### Verb

acusándolas
* gerund of acusar combined with las
# chibatava
## Portuguese
### Verb

chibatava
* first/third-person singular imperfect indicative of chibatar
# aŭdiĝintoj
## Esperanto
### Noun

aŭdiĝintoj
* plural past nominal active participle of aŭdiĝi
# mancers
## English
### Noun

mancers
* plural of mancer
# sinningia
## English
### Noun

sinningia (plural sinningias)
* (botany) Any plant of the genus Sinningia.
# marchaes
## Asturian
### Participle

marchaes f pl
* feminine plural of marcháu
# selbstgerechteres
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

selbstgerechteres
* strong/mixed nominative/accusative neuter singular comparative degree of selbstgerecht
# coquemus
## Latin
### Verb

coquēmus
* first-person plural future active indicative of coquō
# cherdeis
## Ladin
### Verb

cherdeis
* second-person plural present indicative of cherder
* second-person plural present subjunctive of cherder
# Starowicz
## Polish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /staˈrɔvit͡ʂ/
* Rhymes: -ɔvit͡ʂ
* Syllabification: Sta‧ro‧wicz

### Proper noun

Starowicz m pers
* a male surname

#### Declension
### Proper noun

Starowicz f (indeclinable)
* a female surname
# aŭdiĝontaj
## Esperanto
### Adjective

aŭdiĝontaj
* plural future active participle of aŭdiĝi
# sparrens
## Swedish
### Noun

sparrens
* definite genitive singular of sparre
# sinningias
## English
### Noun

sinningias
* plural of sinningia
# batts
## English
### Noun

batts
* plural of batt
* (informal) batteries (power cells)
    Do we have any spare batts for the TV remote?
# selbstgerechteren
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

selbstgerechteren
* inflection of selbstgerecht:
** strong genitive masculine/neuter singular comparative degree
** weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular comparative degree
** strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular comparative degree
** strong dative plural comparative degree
** weak/mixed all-case plural comparative degree
# corresponderéis
## Spanish
### Verb

corresponderéis
* second-person plural future indicative of corresponder
# nonascetics
## English
### Noun

nonascetics
* plural of nonascetic

### Anagrams

* constancies
# Starostin Cape
## English
### Alternative forms

* Cape Staratchin, Cap Staratschin, Cap Starastschin

### Etymology

Named after the local Pomor businessman Ivan Starostin (born before 1780 - died 1826 or 1829) (also known as Ermil in some sources, probably confused with some other person with the same surname, but having first name Ермил (Jermil)).

### Proper noun

Starostin Cape
* (obsolete) A cape in Svalbard, Norway, known for its geological and palaeontological value. Today better known as Kapp Linné.

#### Synonyms

* Kapp Linné

#### Translations
### Anagrams

* postsectarian, post-sectarian
# aŭdiĝinto
## Esperanto
### Noun

aŭdiĝinto (accusative singular aŭdiĝinton, plural aŭdiĝintoj, accusative plural aŭdiĝintojn)
* singular past nominal active participle of aŭdiĝi
# sparres
## English
### Noun

sparres
* plural of sparre

### Anagrams

* parsers, raspers, sparers, sparser

## Middle English
### Noun

sparres
* plural of sparre

## Swedish
### Noun

sparres
* indefinite genitive singular of sparre

### Anagrams

* pressar
# sinnings
## English
### Noun

sinnings
* plural of sinning
# spiderphobia
## English
### Etymology

From spider +‎ -phobia.

### Noun

spiderphobia (uncountable)
* Synonym of arachnophobia
** 1859, Elbridge Gerry Paige, New Patent Sermons, Machine Poetry, N. Y.: Frederic A. Brady, page 274:There are many kinds of spiders, ladies and gentlemen, besides the two that crawled up King Richard’s arm. There is the little grey spider, the larger brown spider, the still bigger yellow spider, and the monstrous black spider—the last named of which sometimes grows to the size of a young frying-pan; and, should it happen to bite you, you die of spiderphobia in less than two shakes of a lobster’s liver.
** 1917, Outing, page 217, column 1:Barney cautioned him not to speak of spiders in my presence because I was afflicted with a strange fear, sort of a spiderphobia, that made it a dangerous subject for me to hear discussed.
** 1959, Science Digest, page 81, column 2:He was a victim of arachnephobia or spiderphobia.
** 1993, David Evans, A Cat in the Tulips, Millivres Books, →ISBN, page 51:There must be a word for people who had spiderphobia although Norman couldn’t in his wildest imaginings even bring himself to even look at the word spider.
** 1999, Caeia March, Spinsters’ Rock, The Women’s Press, →ISBN, page 170:Esther tried for years to rid Nell of her spiderphobia.
** 1999, Fred Moody, The Visionary Position: The Inside Story of the Digital Dreamers Who Are Making Virtual Reality a Reality, Times Books, →ISBN, page 5:“The experiment is to see if you can use VR as a treatment. So, to some extent, we’re just basically trying to treat her for spiderphobia, and at the same time we’re trying to learn from her experience whether this is an effective medium.”
# seminabo
## Latin
### Verb

sēminābō
* first-person singular future active indicative of sēminō
# corresponderão
## Portuguese
### Verb

corresponderão
* third-person plural future indicative of corresponder
# chiall
## Irish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /çiəl̪ˠ/

### Noun

chiall f
* Lenited form of ciall.
# пӧрт-влакнаге
## Eastern Mari
### Noun

пӧрт-влакнаге • (pört-vlaknage)
* comitative plural form of пӧртна, the 1st person plural possessed form of пӧрт
# Chiriloiu
## Romanian
### Etymology

From Chirilă +‎ -oiu.

### Proper noun

Chiriloiu m (genitive/dative lui Chiriloiu)
* a surname originating as a patronymic
# sparren
## Dutch
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /spɑrə(n)/
* Audio:(file)
* Rhymes: -ɑrən

### Etymology 1

From English spar.

#### Verb

sparren
* to spar, to have a practice fight
* to brainstorm, to exchange thoughts
    Synonyms: brainstormen, van gedachten uitwisselen

##### Conjugation
### Etymology 2
#### Noun

sparren
* plural of spar

## Middle English
### Etymology 1

From Middle Dutch and Middle Low German sperren, alongside Old English gesparrian; ultimately from Proto-West Germanic *sparrijan, from Proto-Germanic *sparrijaną.

#### Alternative forms

* spar, sparre, spare, sper, spere, speryn

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsparən/, /ˈspaːrən/, /ˈspɛrən/, /ˈspɛːrən/

#### Verb

sparren
* To close (to make closed):
** To lock; to bolt up.
** To buckle; to clasp up.
** To block; to seal up.
* To hide or secrete; to store away:
** To confine; to imprison.
** To exclude; to expel.
* To close (to become closed).

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) sparen, spare | (to) sparen, spare |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | spare | spared, sparde |
| 2nd-person singular | sparest | sparedest, spardest |
| 3rd-person singular | spareth | spared, sparde |
| subjunctive singular | spare | spared, sparde |
| imperative singular | spare | — |
| plural$^1$ | sparen, spare | spareden, sparede, sparden, sparde |
| imperative plural | spareth, spare | — |
| participles | sparynge, sparende | spared, spard |
$^1$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

##### Descendants

* English: spar
* Scots: spar

##### References

* “sparren, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* “spē̆ren, v.(1).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.

### Etymology 2

From Old English sperran, spirran, spyrran, of unknown ultimate origin, perhaps related to Old Norse sperrask (“to kick out”). Or, a romance borrowing, from Middle French esparer (“to kick”), from old Italian sparare (“to fling”).

#### Alternative forms

* sperren

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈsparən/, /ˈspɛrən/

#### Verb

sparren
* To dart out; to strike out.

##### Conjugation

| infinitive | (to) sparen, spare | (to) sparen, spare |
| | present tense | past tense |
| 1st-person singular | spare | spared, sparde |
| 2nd-person singular | sparest | sparedest, spardest |
| 3rd-person singular | spareth | spared, sparde |
| subjunctive singular | spare | spared, sparde |
| imperative singular | spare | — |
| plural$^1$ | sparen, spare | spareden, sparede, sparden, sparde |
| imperative plural | spareth, spare | — |
| participles | sparynge, sparende | spared, spard |
$^1$Sometimes used as a formal 2nd-person singular.

##### Descendants

* English: spar

##### References

* “sparren, v.(2).”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* “sperren, v.”, in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007.
* ↑ “spar”, in The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 5th edition, Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2016, →ISBN.

## Swedish
### Noun

sparren
* definite nominative singular of sparre
# sinnikkäät
## Finnish
### Adjective

sinnikkäät
* nominative plural of sinnikäs
# speedballs
## English
### Noun

speedballs
* plural of speedball