# li-
## Curripaco
### Prefix

li-
* third person singular masculine agent marker

### References

* Swintha Danielsen, Tania Granadillo, Agreement in two Arawak languages, in The Typology of Semantic Alignment (edited by Mark Donohue, Søren Wichmann) (2008, →ISBN, page 398

## Mokilese
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /li-/

### Prefix

li-
* prone to, able to

## Munsee
### Preverb

li-
* In a certain manner; in a certain way;

### References

* ↑ O'Meara, John (2014) “li-”, in Delaware-English/English-Delaware Dictionary (Heritage), Toronto: University of Toronto Press, published 1996, →ISBN

## Northern Ndebele
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *ni-.

#### Prefix

li-
* you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *ní-.

#### Prefix

li-
* you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

#### Prefix

li-
* he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
* him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

## Phuthi
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Nguni *ni-.

#### Prefix

li-
* you, you all; second-person plural subject concord.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Nguni *ní-.

#### Prefix

li-
* you, you all; second-person plural object concord.

### Etymology 3

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

#### Prefix

li-
* Class 5 noun prefix.

### Etymology 4

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

#### Prefix

li-
* he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
* him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

## Southern Ndebele
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

### Prefix

li-
* he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
* him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

## Swahili

Other scripts :
| Ajami | لِـ |

### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

### Prefix

li-
* it, ji class$_{(V)}$ subject concord
** 18th century, Abdallah bin Ali bin Nasir, Al-Inkishafi‎, translation from R. Allen (1946) “Inkishafi—a translation from the Swahili”, in African Studies, volume 5, number 4, →DOI, pages 243–249, stanza 11:مُيُ وَاغُ نِنِ هُزُدُكَانِ ، لِكُغُرِيِلُ هِيْلَ نِنْنِ ،Moyo wangu nini huzundukani, likughuriyelo hela ni-n'ni?Soul, why not awake? Hi! what is it that cheats you?
* verb-initial form of -li- (“it, ji class$_{(V)}$ object concord”)

#### See also

| Class | Subject concord | Subject concord | Object concord | Relative |
| Class | affirmative | negative | Object concord | Relative |
| m$_{(I)}$ | a-, yu- | ha-, hayu- | -m-, -mw-, -mu- | -ye |
| wa$_{(II)}$ | wa- | hawa- | -wa- | -o |
| m$_{(III)}$ | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
| mi$_{(IV)}$ | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
| ji$_{(V)}$ | li- | hali- | -li- | -lo |
| ma$_{(VI)}$ | ya- | haya- | -ya- | -yo |
| ki$_{(VII)}$ | ki- | haki- | -ki- | -cho |
| vi$_{(VIII)}$ | vi- | havi- | -vi- | -vyo |
| n$_{(IX)}$ | i- | hai- | -i- | -yo |
| n$_{(X)}$ | zi- | hazi- | -zi- | -zo |
| u$_{(XI)}$ | u- | hau- | -u- | -o |
| ku$_{(XV/XVII)}$ | ku- | haku- | -ku- | -ko |
| pa$_{(XVI)}$ | pa- | hapa- | -pa- | -po |
| mu$_{(XVIII)}$ | m-, mw-, mu- | ham-, hamw-, hamu- | -mu- | -mo |
| For a full table including first and second person, see Appendix:Swahili personal pronouns. |||||

## Swazi
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-, plus augment. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

#### Prefix

li-
* Class 5 noun prefix.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

#### Prefix

li-
* he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
* him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

## Tocharian B
### Verb

li-
* to wipe away
* to cleanse oneself

## Tooro
### Alternative forms

* (before vowels) ly-

### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /li-/

### Prefix

li-
* class 5 pronominal concord
    ‎li- + ‎-nu (“this, these”) → ‎linu (“this (class 5)”)
* it; class 5 subject concord
    ‎li- + ‎-kora (“to do”) → ‎likora (“it (class 5) does”)
* positive imperative form of -li- (“it; class 5 object concord”)
    ‎li- + ‎-ha (“to give”) → ‎liha (“give it (class 5)”)

#### See also

| Class | Person | Independent | Possessive | Subject concord | Object concord | Combined forms | Combined forms |
| Class | Person | Independent | Possessive | Subject concord | Object concord | na | ni |
| Class 1 | First | nyowe, nye | -ange | n- | -n- | nanyowe, nanye | ninyowe, ninye |
| Class 1 | Second | iwe | -awe | o- | -ku- | naiwe | niiwe |
| Class 1 | Third | uwe | -e | a- | -mu- | nawe | nuwe |
| Class 2 | First | itwe | -aitu | tu- | -tu- | naitwe | niitwe |
| Class 2 | Second | inywe | -anyu | mu- | -ba- | nainywe | niinywe |
| Class 2 | Third | abo | -abo | ba- | -ba- | nabo | nubo |
| Class 3 | Class 3 | gwo | -agwo | gu- | -gu- | nagwo | nugwo |
| Class 4 | Class 4 | yo | -ayo | e- | -gi- | nayo | niyo |
| Class 5 | Class 5 | lyo | -alyo | li- | -li- | nalyo | niryo |
| Class 6 | Class 6 | go | -ago | ga- | -ga- | nago | nugo |
| Class 7 | Class 7 | kyo | -akyo | ki- | -ki- | nakyo | nikyo |
| Class 8 | Class 8 | byo | -abyo | bi- | -bi- | nabyo | nibyo |
| Class 9 | Class 9 | yo | -ayo | e- | -gi- | nayo | niyo |
| Class 10 | Class 10 | zo | -azo | zi- | -zi- | nazo | nizo |
| Class 11 | Class 11 | rwo | -arwo | ru- | -ru- | narwo | nurwo |
| Class 12 | Class 12 | ko | -ako | ka- | -ka- | nako | nuko |
| Class 13 | Class 13 | two | -atwo | tu- | -tu- | natwo | nutwo |
| Class 14 | Class 14 | bwo | -abwo | bu- | -bu- | nabwo | nubwo |
| Class 15 | Class 15 | kwo | -akwo | ku- | -ku- | nakwo | nukwo |
| Class 16 | Class 16 | ho | -aho | ha- | -ha- | naho | nuho |
| Class 17 | Class 17 | (kwo) | N/A | ha- (...-yo) | -ha- | N/A | nukwo |
| Class 18 | Class 18 | (mwo) | -amwo | ha- (...-mu) | -ha- | N/A | numwo |
| Reflexive | Reflexive | -enyini, -onyini | — | — | -e- | — | — |

### References

* Kaji, Shigeki (2007) A Rutooro Vocabulary‎, Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa (ILCAA), →ISBN, page 414

## Unami
### Preverb

li-
* In a certain manner; in a certain way; toward

### References

* ↑ Rementer, Jim with Pearson, Bruce L. (2005) “li”, in Leneaux, Grant, Whritenour, Raymond, editors, The Lenape Talking Dictionary, The Lenape Language Preservation Project

## Xhosa
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

### Prefix

li-
* he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
* him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

## Zulu
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-. Originally the pronominal and verbal concord, it displaced the older Bantu noun prefix *ì-. The tone was lowered by analogy with other noun prefixes.

#### Prefix

li-
* Class 5 simple noun prefix.

### Etymology 2

From Proto-Bantu *dɪ́-.

#### Prefix

lí-
* he, she, it; class 5 subject concord.
* him, her, it; class 5 object concord.

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “li-”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “li-”