# ἤδη
## Ancient Greek
### Etymology

From ἦ (ê, “truly”) + δή (dḗ, “now”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɛ̌ː.dɛː/ → /ˈi.ði/ → /ˈi.ði/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /ɛ̌ː.dɛː/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /ˈe̝.de̝/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /ˈi.ði/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /ˈi.ði/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /ˈi.ði/

### Adverb

ἤδη • (ḗdē)
* (of the immediate past) by this time, before this, already
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.282
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 7.293
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 2.89
** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 312
** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 354
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Electra 726
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1402
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 7.33
** 428 BCE – 347 BCE, Plato, Protagoras 309D
** (of a local relation)
*** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 3.5
*** 428 BCE, Euripides, Hippolytus 1200
*** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 3.95
* (of the immediate future) forthwith, straightway
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 3.98
** 380 BCE, Plato, Gorgias 486E
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 24.635
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 16.844
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Women of Trachis 624
** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 466
** 411 BCE, Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 655
* (in opposition to future or past) now, presently
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 614
** 423 BCE, Euripides, The Suppliants 551
** 405 BCE, Aristophanes, The Frogs 527
** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Demosthenes, Against Aristocrates 134
** 430 BCE – 354 BCE, Xenophon, Anabasis 7.7.24
* (of logical proximity)
** 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 201E
** 366 BCE – 348 BCE, Plato, Theaetetus 202B
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 398C
* (with a comparative or superlative)
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 8.106
** 460 BCE – 395 BCE, Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 6.31
** 460 BCE – 420 BCE, Herodotus, Histories 2.148
* (joined with other temporal words)
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, Agamemnon 1578
** 442 BCE, Sophocles, Antigone 801
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.260
** 458 BCE, Aeschylus, The Eumenides 50
** 497 BCE – 405 BCE, Sophocles, Ajax 1142
** 423 BCE, Aristophanes, The Clouds 346
** 446 BCE – 411 BCE, Eupolis, Πολ. 9
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 493D
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 510
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 417B
** 525 BCE – 455 BCE, Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 911
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Odyssey 4.260
** 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 22.52
** 406 BCE, Sophocles, Oedipus at Colonus 440
** 409 BCE, Sophocles, Philoctetes 454
** 380 BCE, Plato, The Republic 507A
** 343 BCE, Demosthenes, On the False Embassy 52

#### Descendants

* Greek: ήδη (ídi, “already”)

### References

* “ἤδη”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “ἤδη”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* “ἤδη”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
* ἤδη in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
* ἤδη in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
* “ἤδη”, in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
* G2235 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
* Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited. already idem, page 25.before idem, page 69.ere idem, page 281.now idem, page 562.this idem, page 867.