# 律動
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): lǜdòng
    (Zhuyin): ㄌㄩˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): leot$^6$ dung$^6$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: lǜdòng
*** Zhuyin: ㄌㄩˋ ㄉㄨㄥˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: lyùdòng
*** Wade–Giles: lü$^4$-tung$^4$
*** Yale: lyù-dùng
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liuhdonq
*** Palladius: люйдун (ljujdun)
*** Sinological IPA : /ly⁵¹⁻⁵³ tʊŋ⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: leot$^6$ dung$^6$
*** Yale: leuht duhng
*** Cantonese Pinyin: loet$^9$ dung$^6$
*** Guangdong Romanization: lêd$^6$ dung$^6$
*** Sinological IPA : /lɵt̚² tʊŋ²²/

### Verb

律動
* to beat regularly

### Noun

律動
* (figurative) rhythm (of society etc.); pace

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 律 | 動 |
| りつ Grade: 6 | どう Grade: 3 |
| kan'on | kan'yōon |

### Etymology

Probably from written Chinese 律動／律动 (lǜdòng, “rhythm; to beat rhythmically”).
First cited to a text from 1919.

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) りつどー [rìtsúdóó] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [ɾʲit͡sɨdo̞ː]

### Noun

律(りつ)動(どう) • (ritsudō)
* [from 1919] rhythm, rhythmic movement
    Synonym: リズム (rizumu)
    詩(し)の律(りつ)動(どう)
       shi no ritsudō
       the poem's rhythm
** 2018, Yūki Toshiya, Riaru nōsotchū: kansha nihyaku-nin no nama no koe [Real stroke: 200 patients in their own voices], page 39:
    人(ひと)それぞれに特(とく)徴(ちょう)があるでしょう。私(わたし)話(はな)すとは身(しん)体(たい)的(てき)律(りつ)動(どう)です。その意(い)味(み)では音(おん)楽(がく)と似(に)た側(そく)面(めん)があります。
       Hito sorezore ni tokuchō ga aru deshō. Watashi hanasu to wa shintaiteki ritsudō desu. Sono imi de wa ongaku to nita sokumen ga arimasu.
       Each person has their own distinctiveness. I am talking about a bodily rhythm. I mean there is an aspect that is something like music.

### Verb

律(りつ)動(どう)する • (ritsudō suru) suru (stem 律(りつ)動(どう)し (ritsudō shi), past 律(りつ)動(どう)した (ritsudō shita))
* to move rhythmically

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 律動し | りつどうし | ritsudō shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 律動し | りつどうし | ritsudō shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 律動する | りつどうする | ritsudō suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 律動する | りつどうする | ritsudō suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 律動すれ | りつどうすれ | ritsudō sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 律動せよ¹ 律動しろ² | りつどうせよ¹ りつどうしろ² | ritsudō seyo¹ ritsudō shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 律動される | りつどうされる | ritsudō sareru |
| Causative | 律動させる 律動さす | りつどうさせる りつどうさす | ritsudō saseru ritsudō sasu |
| Potential | 律動できる | りつどうできる | ritsudō dekiru |
| Volitional | 律動しよう | りつどうしよう | ritsudō shiyō |
| Negative | 律動しない | りつどうしない | ritsudō shinai |
| Negative continuative | 律動せず | りつどうせず | ritsudō sezu |
| Formal | 律動します | りつどうします | ritsudō shimasu |
| Perfective | 律動した | りつどうした | ritsudō shita |
| Conjunctive | 律動して | りつどうして | ritsudō shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 律動すれば | りつどうすれば | ritsudō sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ “律動”, in 日本国語大辞典 [Nihon Kokugo Daijiten]‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, 2006
* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN