# vuna
## Phuthi
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-búna.

### Verb

-vúna
* to harvest

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Serbo-Croatian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *vьlna, from Proto-Balto-Slavic *wílˀnāˀ, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wĺ̥h₁neh₂.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ʋûna/
* Hyphenation: vu‧na

### Noun

vȕna f (Cyrillic spelling ву̏на)
* wool

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “vuna” in Hrvatski jezični portal

## Swahili
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-búna.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (Kenya):(file)

### Verb

-vuna (infinitive kuvuna)
* to harvest, reap
* to profit

#### Usage notes

The reflexive with -ji- is not used, as it is identical in form with the unrelated verb -jivuna.

#### Conjugation

Conjugation of -vuna :
| Positive present | -navuna |
| Subjunctive | -vune |
| Negative | -vuni |
| Imperative singular | vuna |
Infinitives :
| Positive | kuvuna |
| Negative | kutovuna |
Imperatives :
| Singular | vuna |
| Plural | vuneni |
Tensed forms :
| Habitual | huvuna |
| Positive past | positive subject concord + -livuna |
| Negative past | negative subject concord + -kuvuna |
| Positive future | positive subject concord + -tavuna |
| Negative future | negative subject concord + -tavuna |
| Negative subjunctive | positive subject concord + -sivune |
| Positive present conditional | positive subject concord + -ngevuna |
| Negative present conditional | positive subject concord + -singevuna |
| Positive past conditional | positive subject concord + -ngalivuna |
| Negative past conditional | positive subject concord + -singalivuna |
| Perfect | positive subject concord + -mevuna |
| "Already" | positive subject concord + -meshavuna |
| "Not yet" | negative subject concord + -javuna |
| "If/When" | positive subject concord + -kivuna |
| "If not" | positive subject concord + -sipovuna |
| Consecutive | kavuna / positive subject concord + -kavuna |
| Consecutive subjunctive | positive subject concord + -kavune |
Relative forms :
Some forms not commonly seen in modern Standard Swahili are absent from the table. See Appendix:Swahili verbs for more information. :

#### Derived terms

* Verbal derivations:
** Applicative: -vunia
** Causative: -vunisha
** Passive: -vunwa
** Stative: -vunika
* Nominal derivations:
** mavuno (“harvest”)

## Xhosa
### Etymology

From Proto-Bantu *-búna.

### Verb

-vûna
* (transitive) to pick, to reap, to harvest

#### Inflection

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

## Zulu
### Etymology 1

From Proto-Bantu *-búna.

#### Verb

-vúna
* (transitive) to harvest

##### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuvuna |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuvuna | ukungavuni |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | vuna | -vune |
| Plural | vunani | -vuneni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyavuna, ngivuna | engivunayo, engivuna | ngivuna | angivuni | engingavuni | ngingavuni |
| 2nd singular | uyavuna, uvuna | ovunayo, ovuna | uvuna | awuvuni | ongavuni | ungavuni |
| 1st plural | siyavuna, sivuna | esivunayo, esivuna | sivuna | asivuni | esingavuni | singavuni |
| 2nd plural | niyavuna, nivuna | enivunayo, enivuna | nivuna | anivuni | eningavuni | ningavuni |
| Class 1 | uyavuna, uvuna | ovunayo, ovuna | evuna | akavuni | ongavuni | engavuni |
| Class 2 | bayavuna, bavuna | abavunayo, abavuna | bevuna | abavuni | abangavuni | bengavuni |
| Class 3 | uyavuna, uvuna | ovunayo, ovuna | uvuna | awuvuni | ongavuni | ungavuni |
| Class 4 | iyavuna, ivuna | evunayo, evuna | ivuna | ayivuni | engavuni | ingavuni |
| Class 5 | liyavuna, livuna | elivunayo, elivuna | livuna | alivuni | elingavuni | lingavuni |
| Class 6 | ayavuna, avuna | avunayo, avuna | evuna | awavuni | angavuni | engavuni |
| Class 7 | siyavuna, sivuna | esivunayo, esivuna | sivuna | asivuni | esingavuni | singavuni |
| Class 8 | ziyavuna, zivuna | ezivunayo, ezivuna | zivuna | azivuni | ezingavuni | zingavuni |
| Class 9 | iyavuna, ivuna | evunayo, evuna | ivuna | ayivuni | engavuni | ingavuni |
| Class 10 | ziyavuna, zivuna | ezivunayo, ezivuna | zivuna | azivuni | ezingavuni | zingavuni |
| Class 11 | luyavuna, luvuna | oluvunayo, oluvuna | luvuna | aluvuni | olungavuni | lungavuni |
| Class 14 | buyavuna, buvuna | obuvunayo, obuvuna | buvuna | abuvuni | obungavuni | bungavuni |
| Class 15 | kuyavuna, kuvuna | okuvunayo, okuvuna | kuvuna | akuvuni | okungavuni | kungavuni |
| Class 17 | kuyavuna, kuvuna | okuvunayo, okuvuna | kuvuna | akuvuni | okungavuni | kungavuni |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngivunile, ngivunē | engivunile, engivunē | ngivunile, ngivunē | angivunanga | engingavunanga | ngingavunanga |
| 2nd singular | uvunile, uvunē | ovunile, ovunē | uvunile, uvunē | awuvunanga | ongavunanga | ungavunanga |
| 1st plural | sivunile, sivunē | esivunile, esivunē | sivunile, sivunē | asivunanga | esingavunanga | singavunanga |
| 2nd plural | nivunile, nivunē | enivunile, enivunē | nivunile, nivunē | anivunanga | eningavunanga | ningavunanga |
| Class 1 | uvunile, uvunē | ovunile, ovunē | evunile, evunē | akavunanga | ongavunanga | engavunanga |
| Class 2 | bavunile, bavunē | abavunile, abavunē | bevunile, bevunē | abavunanga | abangavunanga | bengavunanga |
| Class 3 | uvunile, uvunē | ovunile, ovunē | uvunile, uvunē | awuvunanga | ongavunanga | ungavunanga |
| Class 4 | ivunile, ivunē | evunile, evunē | ivunile, ivunē | ayivunanga | engavunanga | ingavunanga |
| Class 5 | livunile, livunē | elivunile, elivunē | livunile, livunē | alivunanga | elingavunanga | lingavunanga |
| Class 6 | avunile, avunē | avunile, avunē | evunile, evunē | awavunanga | angavunanga | engavunanga |
| Class 7 | sivunile, sivunē | esivunile, esivunē | sivunile, sivunē | asivunanga | esingavunanga | singavunanga |
| Class 8 | zivunile, zivunē | ezivunile, ezivunē | zivunile, zivunē | azivunanga | ezingavunanga | zingavunanga |
| Class 9 | ivunile, ivunē | evunile, evunē | ivunile, ivunē | ayivunanga | engavunanga | ingavunanga |
| Class 10 | zivunile, zivunē | ezivunile, ezivunē | zivunile, zivunē | azivunanga | ezingavunanga | zingavunanga |
| Class 11 | luvunile, luvunē | oluvunile, oluvunē | luvunile, luvunē | aluvunanga | olungavunanga | lungavunanga |
| Class 14 | buvunile, buvunē | obuvunile, obuvunē | buvunile, buvunē | abuvunanga | obungavunanga | bungavunanga |
| Class 15 | kuvunile, kuvunē | okuvunile, okuvunē | kuvunile, kuvunē | akuvunanga | okungavunanga | kungavunanga |
| Class 17 | kuvunile, kuvunē | okuvunile, okuvunē | kuvunile, kuvunē | akuvunanga | okungavunanga | kungavunanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāvuna | engāvuna | ngāvuna | angivunanga | engingavunanga | ngingavunanga |
| 2nd singular | wāvuna | owāvuna | wāvuna | awuvunanga | ongavunanga | ungavunanga |
| 1st plural | sāvuna | esāvuna | sāvuna | asivunanga | esingavunanga | singavunanga |
| 2nd plural | nāvuna | enāvuna | nāvuna | anivunanga | eningavunanga | ningavunanga |
| Class 1 | wāvuna | owāvuna | āvuna | akavunanga | ongavunanga | engavunanga |
| Class 2 | bāvuna | abāvuna | bāvuna | abavunanga | abangavunanga | bengavunanga |
| Class 3 | wāvuna | owāvuna | wāvuna | awuvunanga | ongavunanga | ungavunanga |
| Class 4 | yāvuna | eyāvuna | yāvuna | ayivunanga | engavunanga | ingavunanga |
| Class 5 | lāvuna | elāvuna | lāvuna | alivunanga | elingavunanga | lingavunanga |
| Class 6 | āvuna | āvuna | āvuna | awavunanga | angavunanga | engavunanga |
| Class 7 | sāvuna | esāvuna | sāvuna | asivunanga | esingavunanga | singavunanga |
| Class 8 | zāvuna | ezāvuna | zāvuna | azivunanga | ezingavunanga | zingavunanga |
| Class 9 | yāvuna | eyāvuna | yāvuna | ayivunanga | engavunanga | ingavunanga |
| Class 10 | zāvuna | ezāvuna | zāvuna | azivunanga | ezingavunanga | zingavunanga |
| Class 11 | lwāvuna | olwāvuna | lwāvuna | aluvunanga | olungavunanga | lungavunanga |
| Class 14 | bāvuna | obāvuna | bāvuna | abuvunanga | obungavunanga | bungavunanga |
| Class 15 | kwāvuna | okwāvuna | kwāvuna | akuvunanga | okungavunanga | kungavunanga |
| Class 17 | kwāvuna | okwāvuna | kwāvuna | akuvunanga | okungavunanga | kungavunanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingavuna | — | ngingavuna | ngingevune | — | ngingevune |
| 2nd singular | ungavuna | — | ungavuna | ungevune | — | ungevune |
| 1st plural | singavuna | — | singavuna | singevune | — | singevune |
| 2nd plural | ningavuna | — | ningavuna | ningevune | — | ningevune |
| Class 1 | angavuna | — | engavuna | angevune | — | engevune |
| Class 2 | bangavuna | — | bengavuna | bangevune | — | bengevune |
| Class 3 | ungavuna | — | ungavuna | ungevune | — | ungevune |
| Class 4 | ingavuna | — | ingavuna | ingevune | — | ingevune |
| Class 5 | lingavuna | — | lingavuna | lingevune | — | lingevune |
| Class 6 | angavuna | — | engavuna | angevune | — | engevune |
| Class 7 | singavuna | — | singavuna | singevune | — | singevune |
| Class 8 | zingavuna | — | zingavuna | zingevune | — | zingevune |
| Class 9 | ingavuna | — | ingavuna | ingevune | — | ingevune |
| Class 10 | zingavuna | — | zingavuna | zingevune | — | zingevune |
| Class 11 | lungavuna | — | lungavuna | lungevune | — | lungevune |
| Class 14 | bungavuna | — | bungavuna | bungevune | — | bungevune |
| Class 15 | kungavuna | — | kungavuna | kungevune | — | kungevune |
| Class 17 | kungavuna | — | kungavuna | kungevune | — | kungevune |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizovuna | engizovuna | ngizovuna | angizuvuna | engingezuvuna | ngingezuvuna |
| 2nd singular | uzovuna | ozovuna | uzovuna | awuzuvuna | ongezuvuna | ungezuvuna |
| 1st plural | sizovuna | esizovuna | sizovuna | asizuvuna | esingezuvuna | singezuvuna |
| 2nd plural | nizovuna | enizovuna | nizovuna | anizuvuna | eningezuvuna | ningezuvuna |
| Class 1 | uzovuna | ozovuna | ezovuna | akazuvuna | ongezuvuna | engezuvuna |
| Class 2 | bazovuna | abazovuna | bezovuna | abazuvuna | abangezuvuna | bengezuvuna |
| Class 3 | uzovuna | ozovuna | uzovuna | awuzuvuna | ongezuvuna | ungezuvuna |
| Class 4 | izovuna | ezovuna | izovuna | ayizuvuna | engezuvuna | ingezuvuna |
| Class 5 | lizovuna | elizovuna | lizovuna | alizuvuna | elingezuvuna | lingezuvuna |
| Class 6 | azovuna | azovuna | ezovuna | awazuvuna | angezuvuna | engezuvuna |
| Class 7 | sizovuna | esizovuna | sizovuna | asizuvuna | esingezuvuna | singezuvuna |
| Class 8 | zizovuna | ezizovuna | zizovuna | azizuvuna | ezingezuvuna | zingezuvuna |
| Class 9 | izovuna | ezovuna | izovuna | ayizuvuna | engezuvuna | ingezuvuna |
| Class 10 | zizovuna | ezizovuna | zizovuna | azizuvuna | ezingezuvuna | zingezuvuna |
| Class 11 | luzovuna | oluzovuna | luzovuna | aluzuvuna | olungezuvuna | lungezuvuna |
| Class 14 | buzovuna | obuzovuna | buzovuna | abuzuvuna | obungezuvuna | bungezuvuna |
| Class 15 | kuzovuna | okuzovuna | kuzovuna | akuzuvuna | okungezuvuna | kungezuvuna |
| Class 17 | kuzovuna | okuzovuna | kuzovuna | akuzuvuna | okungezuvuna | kungezuvuna |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyovuna | engiyovuna | ngiyovuna | angiyuvuna | engingeyuvuna | ngingeyuvuna |
| 2nd singular | uyovuna | oyovuna | uyovuna | awuyuvuna | ongeyuvuna | ungeyuvuna |
| 1st plural | siyovuna | esiyovuna | siyovuna | asiyuvuna | esingeyuvuna | singeyuvuna |
| 2nd plural | niyovuna | eniyovuna | niyovuna | aniyuvuna | eningeyuvuna | ningeyuvuna |
| Class 1 | uyovuna | oyovuna | eyovuna | akayuvuna | ongeyuvuna | engeyuvuna |
| Class 2 | bayovuna | abayovuna | beyovuna | abayuvuna | abangeyuvuna | bengeyuvuna |
| Class 3 | uyovuna | oyovuna | uyovuna | awuyuvuna | ongeyuvuna | ungeyuvuna |
| Class 4 | iyovuna | eyovuna | iyovuna | ayiyuvuna | engeyuvuna | ingeyuvuna |
| Class 5 | liyovuna | eliyovuna | liyovuna | aliyuvuna | elingeyuvuna | lingeyuvuna |
| Class 6 | ayovuna | ayovuna | eyovuna | awayuvuna | angeyuvuna | engeyuvuna |
| Class 7 | siyovuna | esiyovuna | siyovuna | asiyuvuna | esingeyuvuna | singeyuvuna |
| Class 8 | ziyovuna | eziyovuna | ziyovuna | aziyuvuna | ezingeyuvuna | zingeyuvuna |
| Class 9 | iyovuna | eyovuna | iyovuna | ayiyuvuna | engeyuvuna | ingeyuvuna |
| Class 10 | ziyovuna | eziyovuna | ziyovuna | aziyuvuna | ezingeyuvuna | zingeyuvuna |
| Class 11 | luyovuna | oluyovuna | luyovuna | aluyuvuna | olungeyuvuna | lungeyuvuna |
| Class 14 | buyovuna | obuyovuna | buyovuna | abuyuvuna | obungeyuvuna | bungeyuvuna |
| Class 15 | kuyovuna | okuyovuna | kuyovuna | akuyuvuna | okungeyuvuna | kungeyuvuna |
| Class 17 | kuyovuna | okuyovuna | kuyovuna | akuyuvuna | okungeyuvuna | kungeyuvuna |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngivune | ngingavuni |
| 2nd singular | uvune | ungavuni |
| 1st plural | sivune | singavuni |
| 2nd plural | nivune | ningavuni |
| Class 1 | avune | angavuni |
| Class 2 | bavune | bangavuni |
| Class 3 | uvune | ungavuni |
| Class 4 | ivune | ingavuni |
| Class 5 | livune | lingavuni |
| Class 6 | avune | angavuni |
| Class 7 | sivune | singavuni |
| Class 8 | zivune | zingavuni |
| Class 9 | ivune | ingavuni |
| Class 10 | zivune | zingavuni |
| Class 11 | luvune | lungavuni |
| Class 14 | buvune | bungavuni |
| Class 15 | kuvune | kungavuni |
| Class 17 | kuvune | kungavuni |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngavuna | ngangavuna, angavuna, angangavuna |
| 2nd singular | wavuna | wangavuna, awavuna, awangavuna |
| 1st plural | savuna | sangavuna, asavuna, asangavuna |
| 2nd plural | navuna | nangavuna, anavuna, anangavuna |
| Class 1 | wavuna | wangavuna, akavuna, akangavuna |
| Class 2 | bavuna | bangavuna, abavuna, abangavuna |
| Class 3 | wavuna | wangavuna, awavuna, awangavuna |
| Class 4 | yavuna | yangavuna, ayavuna, ayangavuna |
| Class 5 | lavuna | langavuna, alavuna, alangavuna |
| Class 6 | avuna | angavuna, awavuna, awangavuna |
| Class 7 | savuna | sangavuna, asavuna, asangavuna |
| Class 8 | zavuna | zangavuna, azavuna, azangavuna |
| Class 9 | yavuna | yangavuna, ayavuna, ayangavuna |
| Class 10 | zavuna | zangavuna, azavuna, azangavuna |
| Class 11 | lwavuna | lwangavuna, alwavuna, alwangavuna |
| Class 14 | bavuna | bangavuna, abavuna, abangavuna |
| Class 15 | kwavuna | kwangavuna, akwavuna, akwangavuna |
| Class 17 | kwavuna | kwangavuna, akwavuna, akwangavuna |

### Etymology 2

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Verb

-vúna
* (transitive) to side with (in a dispute), to be partial towards

##### Inflection

Tone H :
| Infinitive | ukuvuna |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukuvuna | ukungavuni |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | vuna | -vune |
| Plural | vunani | -vuneni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyavuna, ngivuna | engivunayo, engivuna | ngivuna | angivuni | engingavuni | ngingavuni |
| 2nd singular | uyavuna, uvuna | ovunayo, ovuna | uvuna | awuvuni | ongavuni | ungavuni |
| 1st plural | siyavuna, sivuna | esivunayo, esivuna | sivuna | asivuni | esingavuni | singavuni |
| 2nd plural | niyavuna, nivuna | enivunayo, enivuna | nivuna | anivuni | eningavuni | ningavuni |
| Class 1 | uyavuna, uvuna | ovunayo, ovuna | evuna | akavuni | ongavuni | engavuni |
| Class 2 | bayavuna, bavuna | abavunayo, abavuna | bevuna | abavuni | abangavuni | bengavuni |
| Class 3 | uyavuna, uvuna | ovunayo, ovuna | uvuna | awuvuni | ongavuni | ungavuni |
| Class 4 | iyavuna, ivuna | evunayo, evuna | ivuna | ayivuni | engavuni | ingavuni |
| Class 5 | liyavuna, livuna | elivunayo, elivuna | livuna | alivuni | elingavuni | lingavuni |
| Class 6 | ayavuna, avuna | avunayo, avuna | evuna | awavuni | angavuni | engavuni |
| Class 7 | siyavuna, sivuna | esivunayo, esivuna | sivuna | asivuni | esingavuni | singavuni |
| Class 8 | ziyavuna, zivuna | ezivunayo, ezivuna | zivuna | azivuni | ezingavuni | zingavuni |
| Class 9 | iyavuna, ivuna | evunayo, evuna | ivuna | ayivuni | engavuni | ingavuni |
| Class 10 | ziyavuna, zivuna | ezivunayo, ezivuna | zivuna | azivuni | ezingavuni | zingavuni |
| Class 11 | luyavuna, luvuna | oluvunayo, oluvuna | luvuna | aluvuni | olungavuni | lungavuni |
| Class 14 | buyavuna, buvuna | obuvunayo, obuvuna | buvuna | abuvuni | obungavuni | bungavuni |
| Class 15 | kuyavuna, kuvuna | okuvunayo, okuvuna | kuvuna | akuvuni | okungavuni | kungavuni |
| Class 17 | kuyavuna, kuvuna | okuvunayo, okuvuna | kuvuna | akuvuni | okungavuni | kungavuni |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngivunile, ngivunē | engivunile, engivunē | ngivunile, ngivunē | angivunanga | engingavunanga | ngingavunanga |
| 2nd singular | uvunile, uvunē | ovunile, ovunē | uvunile, uvunē | awuvunanga | ongavunanga | ungavunanga |
| 1st plural | sivunile, sivunē | esivunile, esivunē | sivunile, sivunē | asivunanga | esingavunanga | singavunanga |
| 2nd plural | nivunile, nivunē | enivunile, enivunē | nivunile, nivunē | anivunanga | eningavunanga | ningavunanga |
| Class 1 | uvunile, uvunē | ovunile, ovunē | evunile, evunē | akavunanga | ongavunanga | engavunanga |
| Class 2 | bavunile, bavunē | abavunile, abavunē | bevunile, bevunē | abavunanga | abangavunanga | bengavunanga |
| Class 3 | uvunile, uvunē | ovunile, ovunē | uvunile, uvunē | awuvunanga | ongavunanga | ungavunanga |
| Class 4 | ivunile, ivunē | evunile, evunē | ivunile, ivunē | ayivunanga | engavunanga | ingavunanga |
| Class 5 | livunile, livunē | elivunile, elivunē | livunile, livunē | alivunanga | elingavunanga | lingavunanga |
| Class 6 | avunile, avunē | avunile, avunē | evunile, evunē | awavunanga | angavunanga | engavunanga |
| Class 7 | sivunile, sivunē | esivunile, esivunē | sivunile, sivunē | asivunanga | esingavunanga | singavunanga |
| Class 8 | zivunile, zivunē | ezivunile, ezivunē | zivunile, zivunē | azivunanga | ezingavunanga | zingavunanga |
| Class 9 | ivunile, ivunē | evunile, evunē | ivunile, ivunē | ayivunanga | engavunanga | ingavunanga |
| Class 10 | zivunile, zivunē | ezivunile, ezivunē | zivunile, zivunē | azivunanga | ezingavunanga | zingavunanga |
| Class 11 | luvunile, luvunē | oluvunile, oluvunē | luvunile, luvunē | aluvunanga | olungavunanga | lungavunanga |
| Class 14 | buvunile, buvunē | obuvunile, obuvunē | buvunile, buvunē | abuvunanga | obungavunanga | bungavunanga |
| Class 15 | kuvunile, kuvunē | okuvunile, okuvunē | kuvunile, kuvunē | akuvunanga | okungavunanga | kungavunanga |
| Class 17 | kuvunile, kuvunē | okuvunile, okuvunē | kuvunile, kuvunē | akuvunanga | okungavunanga | kungavunanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāvuna | engāvuna | ngāvuna | angivunanga | engingavunanga | ngingavunanga |
| 2nd singular | wāvuna | owāvuna | wāvuna | awuvunanga | ongavunanga | ungavunanga |
| 1st plural | sāvuna | esāvuna | sāvuna | asivunanga | esingavunanga | singavunanga |
| 2nd plural | nāvuna | enāvuna | nāvuna | anivunanga | eningavunanga | ningavunanga |
| Class 1 | wāvuna | owāvuna | āvuna | akavunanga | ongavunanga | engavunanga |
| Class 2 | bāvuna | abāvuna | bāvuna | abavunanga | abangavunanga | bengavunanga |
| Class 3 | wāvuna | owāvuna | wāvuna | awuvunanga | ongavunanga | ungavunanga |
| Class 4 | yāvuna | eyāvuna | yāvuna | ayivunanga | engavunanga | ingavunanga |
| Class 5 | lāvuna | elāvuna | lāvuna | alivunanga | elingavunanga | lingavunanga |
| Class 6 | āvuna | āvuna | āvuna | awavunanga | angavunanga | engavunanga |
| Class 7 | sāvuna | esāvuna | sāvuna | asivunanga | esingavunanga | singavunanga |
| Class 8 | zāvuna | ezāvuna | zāvuna | azivunanga | ezingavunanga | zingavunanga |
| Class 9 | yāvuna | eyāvuna | yāvuna | ayivunanga | engavunanga | ingavunanga |
| Class 10 | zāvuna | ezāvuna | zāvuna | azivunanga | ezingavunanga | zingavunanga |
| Class 11 | lwāvuna | olwāvuna | lwāvuna | aluvunanga | olungavunanga | lungavunanga |
| Class 14 | bāvuna | obāvuna | bāvuna | abuvunanga | obungavunanga | bungavunanga |
| Class 15 | kwāvuna | okwāvuna | kwāvuna | akuvunanga | okungavunanga | kungavunanga |
| Class 17 | kwāvuna | okwāvuna | kwāvuna | akuvunanga | okungavunanga | kungavunanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingavuna | — | ngingavuna | ngingevune | — | ngingevune |
| 2nd singular | ungavuna | — | ungavuna | ungevune | — | ungevune |
| 1st plural | singavuna | — | singavuna | singevune | — | singevune |
| 2nd plural | ningavuna | — | ningavuna | ningevune | — | ningevune |
| Class 1 | angavuna | — | engavuna | angevune | — | engevune |
| Class 2 | bangavuna | — | bengavuna | bangevune | — | bengevune |
| Class 3 | ungavuna | — | ungavuna | ungevune | — | ungevune |
| Class 4 | ingavuna | — | ingavuna | ingevune | — | ingevune |
| Class 5 | lingavuna | — | lingavuna | lingevune | — | lingevune |
| Class 6 | angavuna | — | engavuna | angevune | — | engevune |
| Class 7 | singavuna | — | singavuna | singevune | — | singevune |
| Class 8 | zingavuna | — | zingavuna | zingevune | — | zingevune |
| Class 9 | ingavuna | — | ingavuna | ingevune | — | ingevune |
| Class 10 | zingavuna | — | zingavuna | zingevune | — | zingevune |
| Class 11 | lungavuna | — | lungavuna | lungevune | — | lungevune |
| Class 14 | bungavuna | — | bungavuna | bungevune | — | bungevune |
| Class 15 | kungavuna | — | kungavuna | kungevune | — | kungevune |
| Class 17 | kungavuna | — | kungavuna | kungevune | — | kungevune |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizovuna | engizovuna | ngizovuna | angizuvuna | engingezuvuna | ngingezuvuna |
| 2nd singular | uzovuna | ozovuna | uzovuna | awuzuvuna | ongezuvuna | ungezuvuna |
| 1st plural | sizovuna | esizovuna | sizovuna | asizuvuna | esingezuvuna | singezuvuna |
| 2nd plural | nizovuna | enizovuna | nizovuna | anizuvuna | eningezuvuna | ningezuvuna |
| Class 1 | uzovuna | ozovuna | ezovuna | akazuvuna | ongezuvuna | engezuvuna |
| Class 2 | bazovuna | abazovuna | bezovuna | abazuvuna | abangezuvuna | bengezuvuna |
| Class 3 | uzovuna | ozovuna | uzovuna | awuzuvuna | ongezuvuna | ungezuvuna |
| Class 4 | izovuna | ezovuna | izovuna | ayizuvuna | engezuvuna | ingezuvuna |
| Class 5 | lizovuna | elizovuna | lizovuna | alizuvuna | elingezuvuna | lingezuvuna |
| Class 6 | azovuna | azovuna | ezovuna | awazuvuna | angezuvuna | engezuvuna |
| Class 7 | sizovuna | esizovuna | sizovuna | asizuvuna | esingezuvuna | singezuvuna |
| Class 8 | zizovuna | ezizovuna | zizovuna | azizuvuna | ezingezuvuna | zingezuvuna |
| Class 9 | izovuna | ezovuna | izovuna | ayizuvuna | engezuvuna | ingezuvuna |
| Class 10 | zizovuna | ezizovuna | zizovuna | azizuvuna | ezingezuvuna | zingezuvuna |
| Class 11 | luzovuna | oluzovuna | luzovuna | aluzuvuna | olungezuvuna | lungezuvuna |
| Class 14 | buzovuna | obuzovuna | buzovuna | abuzuvuna | obungezuvuna | bungezuvuna |
| Class 15 | kuzovuna | okuzovuna | kuzovuna | akuzuvuna | okungezuvuna | kungezuvuna |
| Class 17 | kuzovuna | okuzovuna | kuzovuna | akuzuvuna | okungezuvuna | kungezuvuna |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyovuna | engiyovuna | ngiyovuna | angiyuvuna | engingeyuvuna | ngingeyuvuna |
| 2nd singular | uyovuna | oyovuna | uyovuna | awuyuvuna | ongeyuvuna | ungeyuvuna |
| 1st plural | siyovuna | esiyovuna | siyovuna | asiyuvuna | esingeyuvuna | singeyuvuna |
| 2nd plural | niyovuna | eniyovuna | niyovuna | aniyuvuna | eningeyuvuna | ningeyuvuna |
| Class 1 | uyovuna | oyovuna | eyovuna | akayuvuna | ongeyuvuna | engeyuvuna |
| Class 2 | bayovuna | abayovuna | beyovuna | abayuvuna | abangeyuvuna | bengeyuvuna |
| Class 3 | uyovuna | oyovuna | uyovuna | awuyuvuna | ongeyuvuna | ungeyuvuna |
| Class 4 | iyovuna | eyovuna | iyovuna | ayiyuvuna | engeyuvuna | ingeyuvuna |
| Class 5 | liyovuna | eliyovuna | liyovuna | aliyuvuna | elingeyuvuna | lingeyuvuna |
| Class 6 | ayovuna | ayovuna | eyovuna | awayuvuna | angeyuvuna | engeyuvuna |
| Class 7 | siyovuna | esiyovuna | siyovuna | asiyuvuna | esingeyuvuna | singeyuvuna |
| Class 8 | ziyovuna | eziyovuna | ziyovuna | aziyuvuna | ezingeyuvuna | zingeyuvuna |
| Class 9 | iyovuna | eyovuna | iyovuna | ayiyuvuna | engeyuvuna | ingeyuvuna |
| Class 10 | ziyovuna | eziyovuna | ziyovuna | aziyuvuna | ezingeyuvuna | zingeyuvuna |
| Class 11 | luyovuna | oluyovuna | luyovuna | aluyuvuna | olungeyuvuna | lungeyuvuna |
| Class 14 | buyovuna | obuyovuna | buyovuna | abuyuvuna | obungeyuvuna | bungeyuvuna |
| Class 15 | kuyovuna | okuyovuna | kuyovuna | akuyuvuna | okungeyuvuna | kungeyuvuna |
| Class 17 | kuyovuna | okuyovuna | kuyovuna | akuyuvuna | okungeyuvuna | kungeyuvuna |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngivune | ngingavuni |
| 2nd singular | uvune | ungavuni |
| 1st plural | sivune | singavuni |
| 2nd plural | nivune | ningavuni |
| Class 1 | avune | angavuni |
| Class 2 | bavune | bangavuni |
| Class 3 | uvune | ungavuni |
| Class 4 | ivune | ingavuni |
| Class 5 | livune | lingavuni |
| Class 6 | avune | angavuni |
| Class 7 | sivune | singavuni |
| Class 8 | zivune | zingavuni |
| Class 9 | ivune | ingavuni |
| Class 10 | zivune | zingavuni |
| Class 11 | luvune | lungavuni |
| Class 14 | buvune | bungavuni |
| Class 15 | kuvune | kungavuni |
| Class 17 | kuvune | kungavuni |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngavuna | ngangavuna, angavuna, angangavuna |
| 2nd singular | wavuna | wangavuna, awavuna, awangavuna |
| 1st plural | savuna | sangavuna, asavuna, asangavuna |
| 2nd plural | navuna | nangavuna, anavuna, anangavuna |
| Class 1 | wavuna | wangavuna, akavuna, akangavuna |
| Class 2 | bavuna | bangavuna, abavuna, abangavuna |
| Class 3 | wavuna | wangavuna, awavuna, awangavuna |
| Class 4 | yavuna | yangavuna, ayavuna, ayangavuna |
| Class 5 | lavuna | langavuna, alavuna, alangavuna |
| Class 6 | avuna | angavuna, awavuna, awangavuna |
| Class 7 | savuna | sangavuna, asavuna, asangavuna |
| Class 8 | zavuna | zangavuna, azavuna, azangavuna |
| Class 9 | yavuna | yangavuna, ayavuna, ayangavuna |
| Class 10 | zavuna | zangavuna, azavuna, azangavuna |
| Class 11 | lwavuna | lwangavuna, alwavuna, alwangavuna |
| Class 14 | bavuna | bangavuna, abavuna, abangavuna |
| Class 15 | kwavuna | kwangavuna, akwavuna, akwangavuna |
| Class 17 | kwavuna | kwangavuna, akwavuna, akwangavuna |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “vuna”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “vuna (6-3.9)”