# -ия
## Bulgarian
### Etymology 1

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-ьja. This suffix also superseded the obsolete ending Proto-Slavic *-i in archaic ī-stem nouns.

#### Suffix

-ия • (-ija) f
* Forms abstract or action nouns with hyperbolic meaning: -ity, -ery, -ness
    From abstract nouns:
       разбо́р (razbór, “analysis, distribution”) → неразбори́я (nerazboríja, “chaos, mess”)
       чу́до (čúdo, “wonder”) → чудеси́я (čudesíja, “miracle”)
       у́жас (úžas, “horror”) → ужаси́я (užasíja, “horridness”)
       роб (rob, “slave”) → роби́я (robíja, “slavery”) (obsolete)
    From adjectives/participles:
       ла́ком (lákom, “greedy”) → лакоми́я (lakomíja, “gluttony”)
       прокле́т (proklét, “cursed”) → проклети́я (prokletíja, “damnation”)
    From verbs:
       но́ся (nósja, “to wear”) → носи́я (nosíja, “suite, fashion trend”)
       во́зя (vózja, “to ride, convey”) → вози́я (vozíja, “ride”)
       търгу́вам (tǎrgúvam, “to trade”) → търгови́я (tǎrgovíja, “commerce”)
       разпра́вям се (razprávjam se, “to argue”) → разправи́я (razpravíja, “scandal, arguing”)
    From adverbs:
       о́коло (ókolo, “around”) → око́лия (okólija, “administrative unit”)
    From interjections:
       о́леле (ólele, “oh my god”) → олели́я (olelíja, “hullabaloo”)

##### Derived terms

* -оти́я (-otíja)
* -ори́я (-oríja)

#### Suffix

-ия • (-ija) f or pl
* Forms feminine counterparts to archaic substantivized adjectives:
    сват m (svat, “relative, kinsman”) → сва́тя f (svátja, “kinswoman”)
    *svy (“swinine”) → свиня́ f (svinjá, “sow”)
* Forms plural forms of archaic ter-stem agent nouns:
    брат sg (brat, “brother”) → бра́тя pl (brátja, “brothers”)
    ма́тер sg (máter, “mother”) (archaic) → ма́тя pl (mátja, “mothers”) (obsolete, archaic)

##### Alternative forms

* -я (-ja) — reduced

##### Related terms

* -ий (-ij), -ей (-ej)
* -ие (-ie), -ье (-je)

#### Suffix

-ия • (-ija) f or m
* Denotes agents, from archaic ī-stem nouns of native origin:
    *sǫdi → съдия́ (sǎdijá, “judge”)
    *svęti → свети́я (svetíja, “saint”)
    *věti → вити́я (vitíja, “orator”) (obsolete)
    *badli → ба́лия (bálija, “healer”) (archaic, obsolete)
* Denotes objects/events, from archaic ī-stem nouns of native origin:
    *mъldni → мъ́лния (mǎ́lnija, “bolt”)
    *oldi → лади́я (ladíja, “boat”)
* Denotes agents, from i/u-stem nouns borrowed from Turkish:
    Turkish gidi (“swindler”) → гиди́я (gidíja, “crazyhead”) (dialectal)
    Turkish kadi (“judge”) → кади́я (kadíja, “qadi, Muslim judge”) (dialectal)
* Denotes tools/objects, from i/u-stem nouns borrowed from Turkish:
    Turkish gemi (“boat”) → геми́я (gemíja, “sailboat”)
    Turkish boru (“duct”) → бури́я (buríja, “oven pipe”) (dialectal)

##### Derived terms

* -лия (-lija) (in Turkish borrowings)
* -чия (-čija)/-джия (-džija) (in Turkish borrowings)

### Etymology 2

Borrowed from Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εια (-eia), -εῖον (-eîon), Greek -ή (-í), -ί (-í); found in loanwords.

#### Suffix

-ия • (-ija) f
* -ia, -y
    Greek κουτί (koutí) → кути́я (kutíja, “box”)
    Greek πηχτή (pichtí) → пихти́я (pihtíja, “jelly”)
    Ancient Greek στοιχεῖον (stoikheîon) → стихи́я (stihíja, “natural force”)
    Ancient Greek κατηγορία (katēgoría), ἀλληγορία (allēgoría) → катего́рия (kategórija, “category”), алего́рия (alegórija, “allegory”)
    Ancient Greek ἀπάθεια (apátheia) → апа́тия (apátija, “apathy”)
    Ancient Greek πολυγαμία (polugamía) → полига́мия (poligámija, “polygamy”)
* Forms names of sciences and doctrines:
    Ancient Greek φιλοσοφία (philosophía) → Latin philosophia → филосо́фия (filosófija, “philosophy”)
    Ancient Greek θεολογία (theología) → Latin theologia → теоло́гия (teológija, “theology”)
    Ancient Greek ἀναρχία (anarkhía) → Latin anarchia → ана́рхия (anárhija, “anarchy”)
    Ancient Greek ἱστορία (historía) → Latin historia → исто́рия (istórija, “history”)
    Latin biologia → биоло́гия (biológija, “biology”)
    Latin chēmia → хи́мия (hímija, “chemistry”)
* Forms names of geographical locations:
    Country or state names:
       България (Bǎlgarija, “Bulgaria”)
       Калифорния (Kalifornija, “California”)
    Continent or subcontinent names:
       Азия (Azija, “Asia”)
       Индия (Indija, “India”)
    Large islands or inland areas:
       Гренладния (Grenladnija, “Greenland”)
       Месопотамия (Mesopotamija, “Mesopotamia”)
    Fictional/mythological places:
       Ария (Arija, “Arya”) (mythical place in Zoroastrian/Vedic religion)
       Мория (Morija, “Moria”) (fictional place in the "Lord of the rings" saga)

### Etymology 3

Borrowed from Latin -ia, Italian -ia; found in loanwords.

#### Suffix

-ия • (-ija) f
* -ia, -y
    Latin furia → фури́я (furíja, “stormwind”)
    Latin māteria → мате́рия (matérija, “matter”)
    Italian aria → а́рия (árija, “aria”)
    Italian legia → ле́гия (légija, “legion”)

##### Derived terms

* -ция (-cija) (technically from Latin -tiō)
* -о́рия (-órija) (technically from Latin -ōrium)

##### Derived terms
## Russian
### Etymology

Ultimately from Latin -ia or Ancient Greek -ία (-ía), -εία (-eía); found only in words borrowed from other languages (compare German, French -ie).

### Pronunciation

* -ия: IPA: [ʲɪjə]
* -и́я: IPA: [ˈʲijə]

### Suffix

-ия or -и́я • (-ija or -íja) f
* singular feminine nominative of -ий (-ij): -y, -ia (frequently found as part of foreign borrowings, where it represents the foreign suffixes -y, -ia, -ie, etc.)
* -ion (frequently found as part of foreign borrowings, where it represents -ion, especially as part of -ция (-cija, “-tion”))
* Suffix used to create abstract nouns from nouns denoting persons.
    ‎инжене́р (inženér, “engineer”) + ‎-ия (-ija) → ‎инжене́рия (inženérija, “engineering”)
    ‎бухга́лтер (bugálter, buhálter, “accountant”) + ‎-ия (-ija) → ‎бухгалте́рия (bugaltérija, buhaltérija, “accounting”)
    ‎карто́граф (kartógraf, “cartographer”) + ‎-ия (-ija) → ‎картогра́фия (kartográfija, “cartography”)
    ‎укро́п (ukróp, “Ukrainian (pejorative)”) + ‎-ия (-ija) → ‎Укро́пия (Ukrópija, “Ukraine (pejorative)”)

#### Usage notes

* In the unstressed variant, the stress is frequently drawn onto the preceding syllable.

#### Descendants

* → Mongolian:
    Cyrillic script: -и (-i), -∅

#### See also

* -ла́ндия (-lándija), -ля́ндия (-ljándija), -лэнд (-lɛnd), -ланд (-land), -ленд (-lend), -ста́н (-stán), -иста́н (-istán), земля́ (zemljá), страна́ (straná) (for a place's name)
* -и́йский (-íjskij) (for demonyms of places ending in -ия)