# 破魔
## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 破 | 魔 |
| は Grade: 5 | ま Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) はま [háꜜmà] (Atamadaka –)
* IPA: [ha̠ma̠]

### Etymology 1

Buddhist term, imported into Japanese when Buddhism was introduced to Japan, some time during the Kofun, Asuka, and Nara periods.
Appears to be from Middle Chinese compound 破魔 (MC phaH ma, literally “break + demon”).
Alternately, could be a Japanese coinage using Middle Chinese elements, as a compound of Middle Chinese-derived 破 (ha, “break, destroy”) +‎ 魔 (ma, “demon, devil”).

#### Noun

破(は)魔(ま) • (hama)
* (Buddhism) defeating a devil or demon, particularly the demons of worldly desires or passions

##### Derived terms

* 破魔士 (はまし, ​hamashi): an exorcist (Buddhism)
* 破魔術 (はまふつま, ​hamajutsu): exorcism (Buddhism; the technique of exorcising, rather than the act of doing so)

##### Related terms

* (exorcise; specific to Christianity): 祓魔 (ふつま, ​futsuma)
* (driving away evil spirits in general): 悪魔払い, 悪魔祓い (あくまばらい, ​akumabarai); 魔除け (まよけ, ​mayoke)

#### Verb

破(は)魔(ま)する • (hama suru) suru (stem 破(は)魔(ま)し (hama shi), past 破(は)魔(ま)した (hama shita))
* (Buddhism) to defeat a devil or demon, particularly the demons of worldly desires or passions

##### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 破魔し | はまし | hama shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 破魔し | はまし | hama shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 破魔する | はまする | hama suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 破魔する | はまする | hama suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 破魔すれ | はますれ | hama sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 破魔せよ¹ 破魔しろ² | はませよ¹ はましろ² | hama seyo¹ hama shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 破魔される | はまされる | hama sareru |
| Causative | 破魔させる 破魔さす | はまさせる はまさす | hama saseru hama sasu |
| Potential | 破魔できる | はまできる | hama dekiru |
| Volitional | 破魔しよう | はましよう | hama shiyō |
| Negative | 破魔しない | はましない | hama shinai |
| Negative continuative | 破魔せず | はませず | hama sezu |
| Formal | 破魔します | はまします | hama shimasu |
| Perfective | 破魔した | はました | hama shita |
| Conjunctive | 破魔して | はまして | hama shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 破魔すれば | はますれば | hama sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### Etymology 2

Unknown. The kanji are ateji (当て字).
Possibly cognate with 嵌める, 填める (hameru, “to fit or set one thing into another”), by way of the Old Japanese form 填む, 嵌む (​hamu).

#### Noun

破(は)魔(ま) • (hama)
* a target for 破魔矢 (hamaya) archery, round and generally made of bound straw or tree branches
* short for 破魔弓 (hamayumi): a decorative bow, formerly used for special New Years archery competitions and now used as a ward against evil

##### Derived terms

* 破(は)魔(ま)矢(や) (hamaya): a decorative arrow used as a ward against evil
* 破(は)魔(ま)弓(ゆみ) (hamayumi): decorative bow used to shoot a hamaya, given to boys as a toy at New Years

### References

* 1 2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
* 1 2 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
* ↑ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN