# συμπέρασμα
## Ancient Greek
### Alternative forms

* σῠμπερᾰσμός (sumperasmós) — falsa lectio

### Etymology

From σῠμπεραίνω (sumperaínō) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma)

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /sym.pé.raz.ma/ → /symˈpe.raz.ma/ → /simˈbe.raz.ma/
* (5th BCE Attic) IPA: /sym.pé.raz.ma/
* (1st CE Egyptian) IPA: /symˈpe.raz.ma/
* (4th CE Koine) IPA: /symˈpe.raz.ma/
* (10th CE Byzantine) IPA: /symˈpe.raz.ma/
* (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA: /simˈbe.raz.ma/

### Noun

σῠμπέρᾰσμᾰ • (sumpérasma) n (genitive σῠμπερᾰ́σμᾰτος); third declension
* finishing, end
** 500 BCE – 350 BCE, Ocellus Lucanus, Collected Works 1.3
** Hierocl., in CA 20.463.M.
** 1115 – 1195, Eustathius of Thessalonica, Collected Works 73.27
** 280 BCE – 220 BCE, Philo of Byzantium, Compendium of Mechanics 2.298:τοῦ ἐνιαυτοῦtoû eniautoû
** 280 BCE – 220 BCE, Philo of Byzantium, Compendium of Mechanics 2.278:τῶν ἑορτῶνtôn heortôn
** 331 CE – 363 CE, Julian, Ep. 183, (of a letter)
** (logic) conclusion in a syllogism
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 30a.4–5:Ἐν μὲν οὖν τοῖς ἄλλοις τὸν αὐτὸν τρόπον δειχθήσεται διὰ τῆς ἀντιστροφῆς τὸ συμπέρασμα ἀναγκαῖον, ὥσπερ ἐπὶ τοῦ ὑπάρχειν·En mèn oûn toîs állois tòn autòn trópon deikhthḗsetai dià tês antistrophês tò sumpérasma anankaîon, hṓsper epì toû hupárkhein;1962 translation by Hugh TredennickThus in all the other cases the conclusion will be shown to be necessary in the same way as in an assertoric syllogism, by means of conversion;
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 42a.4–8:ἀλλὰ καὶ οὕτως πλείους οἱ συλλογισμοί· πλείω γὰρ τὰ συμπεράσματά ἐστιν, οἷον τό τε Α καὶ τὸ Β καὶ τὸ Γ. εἰ δ’ οὖν μὴ πλείους ἀλλ’ εἷς, οὕτω μὲν ἐνδέχεται γενέσθαι διὰ πλειόνων τὸ αὐτὸ συμπέρασμα, ὡς δὲ τὸ Γ διὰ τῶν ΑΒ ἀδύνατον.allà kaì hoútōs pleíous hoi sullogismoí; pleíō gàr tà sumperásmatá estin, hoîon tó te A kaì tò B kaì tò G. ei d’ oûn mḕ pleíous all’ heîs, hoútō mèn endékhetai genésthai dià pleiónōn tò autò sumpérasma, hōs dè tò G dià tôn AB adúnaton.1962 translation by Hugh Tredennickbut here again there will be several syllogisms, since there are several conclusions, viz., A, B and C. If it be granted that these are not several syllogisms but only one, then the same conclusion can be reached by more than three terms in this way; but it cannot be reached as C is by means of A and B.
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 53a.17–19:ὅσα γὰρ ἢ ὑπὸ τὸ μέσον ἢ ὑπὸ τὸ συμπέρασμά ἐστιν, ἁπάντων ἔσται ὁ αὐτὸς συλλογισμός, ἐὰν τὰ μὲν ἐν τῷ μέσῳ τὰ δ’ ἐν τῷ συμπεράσματι τεθῇ·hósa gàr ḕ hupò tò méson ḕ hupò tò sumpérasmá estin, hapántōn éstai ho autòs sullogismós, eàn tà mèn en tôi mésōi tà d’ en tôi sumperásmati tethêi;1962 translation by Hugh TredennickThe same syllogism will hold good of all terms which are subordinate to the middle term or the conclusion, if these terms are placed respectively in the middle and in the conclusion.
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Topics 155b.23
*** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Stoic. 2.78
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, Lysander 25
*** 46 CE – 120 CE, Plutarch, M. 969c
*** 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 15.550
*** 129 CE – 216 CE, Galen, Collected Works 15.633
*** subject of the conclusion
**** 384 BCE – 322 BCE, Aristotle, Prior Analytics 53a.17–19:ὅσα γὰρ ἢ ὑπὸ τὸ μέσον ἢ ὑπὸ τὸ συμπέρασμά ἐστιν, ἁπάντων ἔσται ὁ αὐτὸς συλλογισμός, ἐὰν τὰ μὲν ἐν τῷ μέσῳ τὰ δ’ ἐν τῷ συμπεράσματι τεθῇ·hósa gàr ḕ hupò tò méson ḕ hupò tò sumpérasmá estin, hapántōn éstai ho autòs sullogismós, eàn tà mèn en tôi mésōi tà d’ en tôi sumperásmati tethêi;1962 translation by Hugh TredennickThe same syllogism will hold good of all terms which are subordinate to the middle term or the conclusion, if these terms are placed respectively in the middle and in the conclusion.
** (mathematics) conclusion of a proposition
*** 412 CE – 485 CE, Proclus, A Commentary on the First Book of Euclid's Elements 75.F.
*** 10 CE – 70 CE, Hero, Definitiones 136.13

#### Derived terms

* σῠμπερᾰσμᾰτῐκός (sumperasmatikós)

#### Descendants

* Greek: συμπέρασμα (sympérasma)

### Further reading

* “συμπέρασμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
* “συμπέρασμα”, in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
* συμπέρασμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette

## Greek
### Etymology

* This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “συμπεραίνω (symperaíno) +‎ -μα (-ma) or Ancient Greek σῠμπέρασμᾰ (sumpérasma)?”

### Noun

συμπέρασμα • (sympérasma) n (plural συμπεράσματα)
* deduction, conclusion (results of reasoning)
* conclusion (final summary part of document)

#### Declension

| | singular | plural |
| nominative | συμπέρασμα • | συμπεράσματα • |
| genitive | συμπεράσματος • | συμπερασμάτων • |
| accusative | συμπέρασμα • | συμπεράσματα • |
| vocative | συμπέρασμα • | συμπεράσματα • |

#### See also

* προϋπόθεση (proÿpóthesi)

### Further reading

* συμπέρασμα, in Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής [Dictionary of Standard Modern Greek], Triantafyllidis Foundation, 1998 at the Centre for the Greek language