# shaywa
## Zulu
### Etymology

From -shaya +‎ -wa.

### Verb

-shaywa$^?$
* (intransitive) to be hit, to be struck, to be beaten
* (intransitive) to be punished
* (intransitive) to be sentenced
* (intransitive) to be played (a percussion instrument)

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukushaywa |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukushaywa | ukungashaywa |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | shaywa | -shaywe |
| Plural | shaywani | -shayweni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyashaywa, ngishaywa | engishaywayo, engishaywa | ngishaywa | angishaywa | engingashaywa | ngingashaywa |
| 2nd singular | uyashaywa, ushaywa | oshaywayo, oshaywa | ushaywa | awushaywa | ongashaywa | ungashaywa |
| 1st plural | siyashaywa, sishaywa | esishaywayo, esishaywa | sishaywa | asishaywa | esingashaywa | singashaywa |
| 2nd plural | niyashaywa, nishaywa | enishaywayo, enishaywa | nishaywa | anishaywa | eningashaywa | ningashaywa |
| Class 1 | uyashaywa, ushaywa | oshaywayo, oshaywa | eshaywa | akashaywa | ongashaywa | engashaywa |
| Class 2 | bayashaywa, bashaywa | abashaywayo, abashaywa | beshaywa | abashaywa | abangashaywa | bengashaywa |
| Class 3 | uyashaywa, ushaywa | oshaywayo, oshaywa | ushaywa | awushaywa | ongashaywa | ungashaywa |
| Class 4 | iyashaywa, ishaywa | eshaywayo, eshaywa | ishaywa | ayishaywa | engashaywa | ingashaywa |
| Class 5 | liyashaywa, lishaywa | elishaywayo, elishaywa | lishaywa | alishaywa | elingashaywa | lingashaywa |
| Class 6 | ayashaywa, ashaywa | ashaywayo, ashaywa | eshaywa | awashaywa | angashaywa | engashaywa |
| Class 7 | siyashaywa, sishaywa | esishaywayo, esishaywa | sishaywa | asishaywa | esingashaywa | singashaywa |
| Class 8 | ziyashaywa, zishaywa | ezishaywayo, ezishaywa | zishaywa | azishaywa | ezingashaywa | zingashaywa |
| Class 9 | iyashaywa, ishaywa | eshaywayo, eshaywa | ishaywa | ayishaywa | engashaywa | ingashaywa |
| Class 10 | ziyashaywa, zishaywa | ezishaywayo, ezishaywa | zishaywa | azishaywa | ezingashaywa | zingashaywa |
| Class 11 | luyashaywa, lushaywa | olushaywayo, olushaywa | lushaywa | alushaywa | olungashaywa | lungashaywa |
| Class 14 | buyashaywa, bushaywa | obushaywayo, obushaywa | bushaywa | abushaywa | obungashaywa | bungashaywa |
| Class 15 | kuyashaywa, kushaywa | okushaywayo, okushaywa | kushaywa | akushaywa | okungashaywa | kungashaywa |
| Class 17 | kuyashaywa, kushaywa | okushaywayo, okushaywa | kushaywa | akushaywa | okungashaywa | kungashaywa |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngishayiwe, ngishaywē | engishayiwe, engishaywē | ngishayiwe, ngishaywē | angishaywanga | engingashaywanga | ngingashaywanga |
| 2nd singular | ushayiwe, ushaywē | oshayiwe, oshaywē | ushayiwe, ushaywē | awushaywanga | ongashaywanga | ungashaywanga |
| 1st plural | sishayiwe, sishaywē | esishayiwe, esishaywē | sishayiwe, sishaywē | asishaywanga | esingashaywanga | singashaywanga |
| 2nd plural | nishayiwe, nishaywē | enishayiwe, enishaywē | nishayiwe, nishaywē | anishaywanga | eningashaywanga | ningashaywanga |
| Class 1 | ushayiwe, ushaywē | oshayiwe, oshaywē | eshayiwe, eshaywē | akashaywanga | ongashaywanga | engashaywanga |
| Class 2 | bashayiwe, bashaywē | abashayiwe, abashaywē | beshayiwe, beshaywē | abashaywanga | abangashaywanga | bengashaywanga |
| Class 3 | ushayiwe, ushaywē | oshayiwe, oshaywē | ushayiwe, ushaywē | awushaywanga | ongashaywanga | ungashaywanga |
| Class 4 | ishayiwe, ishaywē | eshayiwe, eshaywē | ishayiwe, ishaywē | ayishaywanga | engashaywanga | ingashaywanga |
| Class 5 | lishayiwe, lishaywē | elishayiwe, elishaywē | lishayiwe, lishaywē | alishaywanga | elingashaywanga | lingashaywanga |
| Class 6 | ashayiwe, ashaywē | ashayiwe, ashaywē | eshayiwe, eshaywē | awashaywanga | angashaywanga | engashaywanga |
| Class 7 | sishayiwe, sishaywē | esishayiwe, esishaywē | sishayiwe, sishaywē | asishaywanga | esingashaywanga | singashaywanga |
| Class 8 | zishayiwe, zishaywē | ezishayiwe, ezishaywē | zishayiwe, zishaywē | azishaywanga | ezingashaywanga | zingashaywanga |
| Class 9 | ishayiwe, ishaywē | eshayiwe, eshaywē | ishayiwe, ishaywē | ayishaywanga | engashaywanga | ingashaywanga |
| Class 10 | zishayiwe, zishaywē | ezishayiwe, ezishaywē | zishayiwe, zishaywē | azishaywanga | ezingashaywanga | zingashaywanga |
| Class 11 | lushayiwe, lushaywē | olushayiwe, olushaywē | lushayiwe, lushaywē | alushaywanga | olungashaywanga | lungashaywanga |
| Class 14 | bushayiwe, bushaywē | obushayiwe, obushaywē | bushayiwe, bushaywē | abushaywanga | obungashaywanga | bungashaywanga |
| Class 15 | kushayiwe, kushaywē | okushayiwe, okushaywē | kushayiwe, kushaywē | akushaywanga | okungashaywanga | kungashaywanga |
| Class 17 | kushayiwe, kushaywē | okushayiwe, okushaywē | kushayiwe, kushaywē | akushaywanga | okungashaywanga | kungashaywanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāshaywa | engāshaywa | ngāshaywa | angishaywanga | engingashaywanga | ngingashaywanga |
| 2nd singular | wāshaywa | owāshaywa | wāshaywa | awushaywanga | ongashaywanga | ungashaywanga |
| 1st plural | sāshaywa | esāshaywa | sāshaywa | asishaywanga | esingashaywanga | singashaywanga |
| 2nd plural | nāshaywa | enāshaywa | nāshaywa | anishaywanga | eningashaywanga | ningashaywanga |
| Class 1 | wāshaywa | owāshaywa | āshaywa | akashaywanga | ongashaywanga | engashaywanga |
| Class 2 | bāshaywa | abāshaywa | bāshaywa | abashaywanga | abangashaywanga | bengashaywanga |
| Class 3 | wāshaywa | owāshaywa | wāshaywa | awushaywanga | ongashaywanga | ungashaywanga |
| Class 4 | yāshaywa | eyāshaywa | yāshaywa | ayishaywanga | engashaywanga | ingashaywanga |
| Class 5 | lāshaywa | elāshaywa | lāshaywa | alishaywanga | elingashaywanga | lingashaywanga |
| Class 6 | āshaywa | āshaywa | āshaywa | awashaywanga | angashaywanga | engashaywanga |
| Class 7 | sāshaywa | esāshaywa | sāshaywa | asishaywanga | esingashaywanga | singashaywanga |
| Class 8 | zāshaywa | ezāshaywa | zāshaywa | azishaywanga | ezingashaywanga | zingashaywanga |
| Class 9 | yāshaywa | eyāshaywa | yāshaywa | ayishaywanga | engashaywanga | ingashaywanga |
| Class 10 | zāshaywa | ezāshaywa | zāshaywa | azishaywanga | ezingashaywanga | zingashaywanga |
| Class 11 | lwāshaywa | olwāshaywa | lwāshaywa | alushaywanga | olungashaywanga | lungashaywanga |
| Class 14 | bāshaywa | obāshaywa | bāshaywa | abushaywanga | obungashaywanga | bungashaywanga |
| Class 15 | kwāshaywa | okwāshaywa | kwāshaywa | akushaywanga | okungashaywanga | kungashaywanga |
| Class 17 | kwāshaywa | okwāshaywa | kwāshaywa | akushaywanga | okungashaywanga | kungashaywanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingashaywa | — | ngingashaywa | ngingeshaywe | — | ngingeshaywe |
| 2nd singular | ungashaywa | — | ungashaywa | ungeshaywe | — | ungeshaywe |
| 1st plural | singashaywa | — | singashaywa | singeshaywe | — | singeshaywe |
| 2nd plural | ningashaywa | — | ningashaywa | ningeshaywe | — | ningeshaywe |
| Class 1 | angashaywa | — | engashaywa | angeshaywe | — | engeshaywe |
| Class 2 | bangashaywa | — | bengashaywa | bangeshaywe | — | bengeshaywe |
| Class 3 | ungashaywa | — | ungashaywa | ungeshaywe | — | ungeshaywe |
| Class 4 | ingashaywa | — | ingashaywa | ingeshaywe | — | ingeshaywe |
| Class 5 | lingashaywa | — | lingashaywa | lingeshaywe | — | lingeshaywe |
| Class 6 | angashaywa | — | engashaywa | angeshaywe | — | engeshaywe |
| Class 7 | singashaywa | — | singashaywa | singeshaywe | — | singeshaywe |
| Class 8 | zingashaywa | — | zingashaywa | zingeshaywe | — | zingeshaywe |
| Class 9 | ingashaywa | — | ingashaywa | ingeshaywe | — | ingeshaywe |
| Class 10 | zingashaywa | — | zingashaywa | zingeshaywe | — | zingeshaywe |
| Class 11 | lungashaywa | — | lungashaywa | lungeshaywe | — | lungeshaywe |
| Class 14 | bungashaywa | — | bungashaywa | bungeshaywe | — | bungeshaywe |
| Class 15 | kungashaywa | — | kungashaywa | kungeshaywe | — | kungeshaywe |
| Class 17 | kungashaywa | — | kungashaywa | kungeshaywe | — | kungeshaywe |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizoshaywa | engizoshaywa | ngizoshaywa | angizushaywa | engingezushaywa | ngingezushaywa |
| 2nd singular | uzoshaywa | ozoshaywa | uzoshaywa | awuzushaywa | ongezushaywa | ungezushaywa |
| 1st plural | sizoshaywa | esizoshaywa | sizoshaywa | asizushaywa | esingezushaywa | singezushaywa |
| 2nd plural | nizoshaywa | enizoshaywa | nizoshaywa | anizushaywa | eningezushaywa | ningezushaywa |
| Class 1 | uzoshaywa | ozoshaywa | ezoshaywa | akazushaywa | ongezushaywa | engezushaywa |
| Class 2 | bazoshaywa | abazoshaywa | bezoshaywa | abazushaywa | abangezushaywa | bengezushaywa |
| Class 3 | uzoshaywa | ozoshaywa | uzoshaywa | awuzushaywa | ongezushaywa | ungezushaywa |
| Class 4 | izoshaywa | ezoshaywa | izoshaywa | ayizushaywa | engezushaywa | ingezushaywa |
| Class 5 | lizoshaywa | elizoshaywa | lizoshaywa | alizushaywa | elingezushaywa | lingezushaywa |
| Class 6 | azoshaywa | azoshaywa | ezoshaywa | awazushaywa | angezushaywa | engezushaywa |
| Class 7 | sizoshaywa | esizoshaywa | sizoshaywa | asizushaywa | esingezushaywa | singezushaywa |
| Class 8 | zizoshaywa | ezizoshaywa | zizoshaywa | azizushaywa | ezingezushaywa | zingezushaywa |
| Class 9 | izoshaywa | ezoshaywa | izoshaywa | ayizushaywa | engezushaywa | ingezushaywa |
| Class 10 | zizoshaywa | ezizoshaywa | zizoshaywa | azizushaywa | ezingezushaywa | zingezushaywa |
| Class 11 | luzoshaywa | oluzoshaywa | luzoshaywa | aluzushaywa | olungezushaywa | lungezushaywa |
| Class 14 | buzoshaywa | obuzoshaywa | buzoshaywa | abuzushaywa | obungezushaywa | bungezushaywa |
| Class 15 | kuzoshaywa | okuzoshaywa | kuzoshaywa | akuzushaywa | okungezushaywa | kungezushaywa |
| Class 17 | kuzoshaywa | okuzoshaywa | kuzoshaywa | akuzushaywa | okungezushaywa | kungezushaywa |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyoshaywa | engiyoshaywa | ngiyoshaywa | angiyushaywa | engingeyushaywa | ngingeyushaywa |
| 2nd singular | uyoshaywa | oyoshaywa | uyoshaywa | awuyushaywa | ongeyushaywa | ungeyushaywa |
| 1st plural | siyoshaywa | esiyoshaywa | siyoshaywa | asiyushaywa | esingeyushaywa | singeyushaywa |
| 2nd plural | niyoshaywa | eniyoshaywa | niyoshaywa | aniyushaywa | eningeyushaywa | ningeyushaywa |
| Class 1 | uyoshaywa | oyoshaywa | eyoshaywa | akayushaywa | ongeyushaywa | engeyushaywa |
| Class 2 | bayoshaywa | abayoshaywa | beyoshaywa | abayushaywa | abangeyushaywa | bengeyushaywa |
| Class 3 | uyoshaywa | oyoshaywa | uyoshaywa | awuyushaywa | ongeyushaywa | ungeyushaywa |
| Class 4 | iyoshaywa | eyoshaywa | iyoshaywa | ayiyushaywa | engeyushaywa | ingeyushaywa |
| Class 5 | liyoshaywa | eliyoshaywa | liyoshaywa | aliyushaywa | elingeyushaywa | lingeyushaywa |
| Class 6 | ayoshaywa | ayoshaywa | eyoshaywa | awayushaywa | angeyushaywa | engeyushaywa |
| Class 7 | siyoshaywa | esiyoshaywa | siyoshaywa | asiyushaywa | esingeyushaywa | singeyushaywa |
| Class 8 | ziyoshaywa | eziyoshaywa | ziyoshaywa | aziyushaywa | ezingeyushaywa | zingeyushaywa |
| Class 9 | iyoshaywa | eyoshaywa | iyoshaywa | ayiyushaywa | engeyushaywa | ingeyushaywa |
| Class 10 | ziyoshaywa | eziyoshaywa | ziyoshaywa | aziyushaywa | ezingeyushaywa | zingeyushaywa |
| Class 11 | luyoshaywa | oluyoshaywa | luyoshaywa | aluyushaywa | olungeyushaywa | lungeyushaywa |
| Class 14 | buyoshaywa | obuyoshaywa | buyoshaywa | abuyushaywa | obungeyushaywa | bungeyushaywa |
| Class 15 | kuyoshaywa | okuyoshaywa | kuyoshaywa | akuyushaywa | okungeyushaywa | kungeyushaywa |
| Class 17 | kuyoshaywa | okuyoshaywa | kuyoshaywa | akuyushaywa | okungeyushaywa | kungeyushaywa |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngishaywe | ngingashaywa |
| 2nd singular | ushaywe | ungashaywa |
| 1st plural | sishaywe | singashaywa |
| 2nd plural | nishaywe | ningashaywa |
| Class 1 | ashaywe | angashaywa |
| Class 2 | bashaywe | bangashaywa |
| Class 3 | ushaywe | ungashaywa |
| Class 4 | ishaywe | ingashaywa |
| Class 5 | lishaywe | lingashaywa |
| Class 6 | ashaywe | angashaywa |
| Class 7 | sishaywe | singashaywa |
| Class 8 | zishaywe | zingashaywa |
| Class 9 | ishaywe | ingashaywa |
| Class 10 | zishaywe | zingashaywa |
| Class 11 | lushaywe | lungashaywa |
| Class 14 | bushaywe | bungashaywa |
| Class 15 | kushaywe | kungashaywa |
| Class 17 | kushaywe | kungashaywa |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngashaywa | ngangashaywa, angashaywa, angangashaywa |
| 2nd singular | washaywa | wangashaywa, awashaywa, awangashaywa |
| 1st plural | sashaywa | sangashaywa, asashaywa, asangashaywa |
| 2nd plural | nashaywa | nangashaywa, anashaywa, anangashaywa |
| Class 1 | washaywa | wangashaywa, akashaywa, akangashaywa |
| Class 2 | bashaywa | bangashaywa, abashaywa, abangashaywa |
| Class 3 | washaywa | wangashaywa, awashaywa, awangashaywa |
| Class 4 | yashaywa | yangashaywa, ayashaywa, ayangashaywa |
| Class 5 | lashaywa | langashaywa, alashaywa, alangashaywa |
| Class 6 | ashaywa | angashaywa, awashaywa, awangashaywa |
| Class 7 | sashaywa | sangashaywa, asashaywa, asangashaywa |
| Class 8 | zashaywa | zangashaywa, azashaywa, azangashaywa |
| Class 9 | yashaywa | yangashaywa, ayashaywa, ayangashaywa |
| Class 10 | zashaywa | zangashaywa, azashaywa, azangashaywa |
| Class 11 | lwashaywa | lwangashaywa, alwashaywa, alwangashaywa |
| Class 14 | bashaywa | bangashaywa, abashaywa, abangashaywa |
| Class 15 | kwashaywa | kwangashaywa, akwashaywa, akwangashaywa |
| Class 17 | kwashaywa | kwangashaywa, akwashaywa, akwangashaywa |

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “shaywa”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “shaywa (6.3)”