# 牽制
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): qiānzhì
    (Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄢ ㄓˋ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): hin$^1$ zai$^3$
* Southern Min
    (Hokkien, POJ): khan-chè / khian-chì / khian-chè
    (Teochew, Peng'im): kang$^1$ zi$^3$
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: qiānzhì
*** Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄢ ㄓˋ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: cianjhìh
*** Wade–Giles: chʻien$^1$-chih$^4$
*** Yale: chyān-jr̀
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chianjyh
*** Palladius: цяньчжи (cjanʹčži)
*** Sinological IPA : /t͡ɕʰi̯ɛn⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: hin$^1$ zai$^3$
*** Yale: hīn jai
*** Cantonese Pinyin: hin$^1$ dzai$^3$
*** Guangdong Romanization: hin$^1$ zei$^3$
*** Sinological IPA : /hiːn⁵⁵ t͡sɐi̯³³/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khan-chè
*** Tâi-lô: khan-tsè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qanzex
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se²¹/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /kʰan⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰan³³ t͡se⁴¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰan⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se¹¹/
** (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khian-chì
*** Tâi-lô: khian-tsì
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qiencix
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻²² t͡si²¹/
** (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khian-chè
*** Tâi-lô: khian-tsè
*** Phofsit Daibuun: qienzex
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se²¹/
*** IPA (Taipei): /kʰiɛn⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se¹¹/
** (Teochew)
*** Peng'im: kang$^1$ zi$^3$
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khang tsì
*** Sinological IPA : /kʰaŋ³³⁻²³ t͡si²¹³/

### Verb

牽制
* (figurative) to pin down; to tie up; to check (e.g. the enemy forces); to encumber
* (baseball) to stop a runner from stealing a base by throwing the baseball to the man on base

#### Synonyms

* (to pin down): 拖 (tuō)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 牽 | 制 |
| けん Jinmeiyō | せい Grade: 5 |
| on'yomi ||
* Alternative spelling
* けん制

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) けんせー [kèńséé] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [kẽ̞ɰ̃se̞ː]

### Noun

牽(けん)制(せい) • (kensei)
* restraint, a check

#### Descendants

* Korean: 겐세이 (gensei)

### Verb

牽(けん)制(せい)する • (kensei suru) transitive suru (stem 牽(けん)制(せい)し (kensei shi), past 牽(けん)制(せい)した (kensei shita))
* restrain, constrain

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 牽制し | けんせいし | kensei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 牽制し | けんせいし | kensei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 牽制する | けんせいする | kensei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 牽制する | けんせいする | kensei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 牽制すれ | けんせいすれ | kensei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 牽制せよ¹ 牽制しろ² | けんせいせよ¹ けんせいしろ² | kensei seyo¹ kensei shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 牽制される | けんせいされる | kensei sareru |
| Causative | 牽制させる 牽制さす | けんせいさせる けんせいさす | kensei saseru kensei sasu |
| Potential | 牽制できる | けんせいできる | kensei dekiru |
| Volitional | 牽制しよう | けんせいしよう | kensei shiyō |
| Negative | 牽制しない | けんせいしない | kensei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 牽制せず | けんせいせず | kensei sezu |
| Formal | 牽制します | けんせいします | kensei shimasu |
| Perfective | 牽制した | けんせいした | kensei shita |
| Conjunctive | 牽制して | けんせいして | kensei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 牽制すれば | けんせいすれば | kensei sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN