# cisalpine
## English
### Etymology

* PIE word
* *ḱís
Learned borrowing from Latin cisalpīnus (“cisalpine”) + English -ine (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’). Cisalpīnus is derived from cis (“on or to this or the near side of”) + Alpīnus (“of or pertaining to the Alps, alpine”) (from Alpēs (“Alps”) (ultimate etymology uncertain, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *h₂el- (“to grow; to nourish”), Celtic, or a pre-Roman Alpine substrate) + -īnus (suffix meaning ‘of or pertaining to’)). The English word is analysable as cis- +‎ Alpine.

### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation) IPA: /sɪsˈælpaɪn/
* Audio (Southern England):(file)
* (General American) IPA: /ˌsɪsˈælpaɪn/
* Hyphenation: cis‧alp‧ine

### Adjective

cisalpine (not comparable)
* On this side of the Alps (chiefly the south side where Rome is located).
    Antonyms: transalpine; transmontane, tramontane
    Hypernym: cismontane
** 1564 February, Erasmus, “The Saiynges of Iulius Caesar”, in Nicolas Udall [i.e., Nicholas Udall], transl., Apophthegmes, that is to Saie, Prompte, Quicke, Wittie and Sentẽcious Saiynges, […], London: […] Ihon Kingston, →OCLC, book II, folio 191, verso, paragraph 7:[T]he ſaid floud of Rubicon diſſeuereth the Galle Ciſalpine from Italie.
** 1653, Francis Rabelais [i.e., François Rabelais], translated by [Thomas Urquhart] and [Peter Anthony Motteux], “How Pantagruel with His Tongue Covered a Whole Army, and what the Author Saw in His Mouth”, in The Works of Francis Rabelais, Doctor in Physick: Containing Five Books of the Lives, Heroick Deeds, and Sayings of Gargantua, and His Sonne Pantagruel. […], London: […] [Thomas Ratcliffe and Edward Mottershead] for Richard Baddeley, […], →OCLC; republished in volume I, London: […] Navarre Society […], [1948], →OCLC, book the third, page 308:How I had been robbed in the valley, I informed the Senators, who told me that, in very truth, the people of that side were bad livers, and naturally theevish, whereby I perceived well, that as we have with us the Countreys cisalpine and transalpine, that is, behither and beyond the mountains, so have they there the Countreys cidentine and tradentine, that is, behither and beyond the teeth: but it is farre better living on this side, and the aire is purer.
** 1798 April 16, “Foreign Intelligence”, in The Anti-Jacobin, or, Weekly Examiner. […], 4th edition, volume II, number XXIII, London: […] J[ohn] Wright, […], published 1799, →OCLC, page 175:[A]n Entrenched Camp is forming under the direction of the French, in the Cisalpine Territory towards the Frontiers of His Imperial Majesty's new acquisitions; […]
** 1879, James Anthony Froude, chapter VII, in Cæsar: A Sketch, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 67:Northern Italy was still excluded, being not called Italy, but Cisalpine Gaul. South of the Po distinctions of citizenship ceased to exist.
** 1879, James Anthony Froude, chapter XXI, in Cæsar: A Sketch, London: Longmans, Green, and Co., →OCLC, page 356:Cæsar had by this time nearly 30,000 men. The Cisalpine territories in mere enthusiasm had raised twenty-two cohorts for him.
** 1919 June, “Recent Work in Agricultural Science”, in E. W. Allen, editor, Experiment Station Record, volume XL, number 8, Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office [for the States Relations Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture], →ISSN, →OCLC, page 782:The authors present evidence to show that the acute form of redwater in cattle which has occurred for many years throughout probably the whole of the cisalpine regions of northern Italy is due to a piroplasm of a type other than Piroplasma bigeminum.
** 1927, José-Maria de Heredia, “Villula”, in Merle St. Croix Wright, transl., Translations from José-Maria de Heredia, New York, N.Y.: Harold Vinal, →OCLC, page 49:Yes, 'tis old Gallus owns the heritage / Seen on the side of yon Cisalpine slope; / The homestead with the spreading pine for cope, / The thatched roof covers but a single stage.
** 1970, Karl August Fink, “The Council of Constance: Martin V”, in Hans-Georg Beck, Karl August Fink, Josef Glazik, Erwin Iserloh, Hans Wolter, translated by Anselm Biggs, edited by Hubert Jedin and John Dolan, From the High Middle Ages to the Eve of the Reformation (Handbook of Church History; IV), New York, N.Y.: Herder and Herder; London: Burns & Oates, →ISBN, part 2 (The Late Middle Ages), section 2 (The Western Schism and the Councils), page 464:Reform writings also criticized the form of the papal election. […] The Pope must not be always chosen from the same nation; and under no circumstances might two Popes in succession come from the same nation. It would be best to alternate between cisalpine and transalpine candidates.
** 1978–1979, Jane M. Cody, “Coins from Two Republican Hoards”, in The J. Paul Getty Museum Journal, volumes 6–7, Malibu, Calif.: J. Paul Getty Museum, →ISBN, →ISSN, →OCLC, page 164, column 2:It is interesting to compare the contents of Gerengazo (6 victoriati, 2 quinarii and 60 denarii) and Maserà (180 victoriati, 1023 denarii) with that of the earlier Milan hoard and with other cisalpine hoards of the latter half of the second century and very early years of the first century b.c.: […]
** 2012, Joseph Eska, “Inscriptions, Ancient”, in edited by John T[homas] Koch and Antone Minard, The Celts: History, Life, and Culture, volume 2 (I–Y), Santa Barbara, Calif.: ABC-CLIO, →ISBN, page 449:Approximately 150 Cisalpine Celtic inscriptions are known, which are almost exclusively engraved in the Lugano script—one of many derived from the northern variety of the Etruscan script. […] Of the total of 150 Cisalpine inscriptions, there are about 140 ‘Lepontic’ inscriptions, which are attested from c. 575 bc to the end of the 1st millennium bc; the remaining ‘Cisalpine Gaulish’ inscriptions probably date from c. 150–c. 50 bc. Most Cisalpine Celtic inscriptions are of the proprietary or funerary type.
** 2018, Carolynn E[lizabeth] Roncaglia, “The Roman Conquest”, in Northern Italy in the Roman World: From the Bronze Age to Late Antiquity, Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, →ISBN, Part I (The Creation of Northern Italy), page 23:The antiquarian [Marcus Terentius] Varro, quoting Cato [the Elder], says that the Insubres grew pigs so fat that they could barely stand, and both Polybius and Strabo say that Cisalpine pork fed all Italy. Strabo further says […] that the viticulture there was so prosperous that Cisalpine wine casks were as big as houses.
* Alternative letter-case form of Cisalpine (“of or pertaining to Gallicanism, the doctrine that the church of France is autonomous, especially in relation to the pope; or cisalpinism, a movement in 18th–19th century Britain among Roman Catholics which took the view that allegiance to the Crown was compatible with allegiance to the pope”)
    Synonym: cismontane
    Antonym: ultramontane
** 1821, Charles Butler, “The English Jesuits—Father [Robert] Persons”, in Additions to the Historical Memoirs Respecting the English, Irish, and Scottish Catholics, from the Reformation to the Present Time, volume III, London: John Murray, […], →OCLC, footnote *, page 157:They [volume XIII of the works of Henri François d'Aguesseau] shew the conflict between the cisalpine and transalpine opinions on papal power, so late as the reign of Lewis XIV, and the great difficulty, by which, even at that period, the former obtained the ascendant.
** 1824, Francis Plowden, “Of Tithes and Other Church Property”, in Human Subordination: Being an Elementary Disquisition Concerning the Civil and Spiritual Power and Authority, to which the Creator Requires the Submission of Every Human Being. […], Paris: Printed by J. Smith, […], and published by W[illiam] Simpkin and R[ichard] Marshall, […], →OCLC, page 72:In pointing to some of these excesses on both sides, I have it not in contemplation to canvass, argue or even to refute errors either ultramontane or cisalpine, but merely to secure to myself a tenable position, […]
** 1845 June, “Art. IV.—1. Revelations of Spain, in 1845. By an English Resident, 2 vols. 8vo. London: 1845. Colburn. […] [book reviews]”, in The Dublin Review, volume XVIII, number XXXVI, London; Dublin: Thomas Richardson and Son [et al.], →OCLC, pages 403–404:[N]ot being swayed by the spirit of either the ultramontane or the cisalpine school, by impracticable philosophical Jansenism, by abominable, gross, and hypocritical Jesuitism, nor by a collection of irrelevant doctrines based on contested principles, let us fix the following ones, which are essential......
** 2014, Nicholas W. Youmans, “Non sic erit inter frateres. Internal Structures of Obedience in Early Minorite Relational Constructs”, in Mirko Breitenstein, Julia Burkhardt, Stefan Burkhardt, Jens Röhrkasten, editors, Rules and Observance: Devising Forms of Communal Life (Vita Regularis: Ordnungen und Deutungen religiosen Lebens im Mittelalter [Ordered Life: Orders and Interpretations of Religious Life in the Middle Ages]; treatise 60), Berlin: LIT Verlag, →ISBN, part I (Creation of Norms), page 35:[T]he "Constitutions of Narbonne" […] detailed further measures for governance in a collegial spirit by establishing a fixed triennial interval for the convening of general chapters and instated alternating locations for chapter meetings, oscillating between cisalpine and ultramontane provinces.

#### Alternative forms

* Cisalpine

#### Derived terms

* Cisalpine
* Cisalpine Gaul
* Cisalpine Gaulish
* cisalpinism, Cisalpinism

#### See also

* behither (obsolete, rare)
* tramontana

### References

* ↑ “cisalpine, adj.”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, September 2023.
* ↑ “cisalpine, adj.”, in Dictionary.com Unabridged, Dictionary.com, LLC, 1995–present.

### Further reading

* Cisalpine Gaul on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* cisalpinism on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* cisalpine (disambiguation) on Wikipedia.Wikipedia
* “cisalpine, adj.”, in Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster, 1996–present.

### Anagrams

* pliancies

## French
### Adjective

cisalpine
* feminine singular of cisalpin

## Italian
### Adjective

cisalpine
* feminine plural of cisalpino

## Latin
### Adjective

cisalpīne
* vocative masculine singular of cisalpīnus