# 冬眠
## Chinese
### Pronunciation

* Mandarin
    (Pinyin): dōngmián
    (Zhuyin): ㄉㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄢˊ
* Cantonese (Jyutping): dung$^1$ min$^4$
* Hakka (Sixian, PFS): tûng-mìn
* Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): tong-biân / tong-bîn / tang-bîn
* Mandarin
** (Standard Chinese)
*** Hanyu Pinyin: dōngmián
*** Zhuyin: ㄉㄨㄥ ㄇㄧㄢˊ
*** Tongyong Pinyin: dongmián
*** Wade–Giles: tung$^1$-mien$^2$
*** Yale: dūng-myán
*** Gwoyeu Romatzyh: dongmian
*** Palladius: дунмянь (dunmjanʹ)
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ mi̯ɛn³⁵/
* Cantonese
** (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
*** Jyutping: dung$^1$ min$^4$
*** Yale: dūng mìhn
*** Cantonese Pinyin: dung$^1$ min$^4$
*** Guangdong Romanization: dung$^1$ min$^4$
*** Sinological IPA : /tʊŋ⁵⁵ miːn²¹/
* Hakka
** (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
*** Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: tûng-mìn
*** Hakka Romanization System: dung$^ˊ$ min$^ˇ$
*** Hagfa Pinyim: dung$^1$ min$^2$
*** Sinological IPA: /tuŋ²⁴ min¹¹/
* Southern Min
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-biân
*** Tâi-lô: tong-biân
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dongbieen
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ³³ biɛn²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɛn¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻²² biɛn²⁴/
** (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tong-bîn
*** Tâi-lô: tong-bîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dongbiin
*** IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²³/
*** IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ bin²⁴/
** (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
*** Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tang-bîn
*** Tâi-lô: tang-bîn
*** Phofsit Daibuun: dangbiin
*** IPA (Quanzhou): /taŋ³³ bin²⁴/
*** IPA (Zhangzhou): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin¹³/
*** IPA (Xiamen): /taŋ⁴⁴⁻²² bin²⁴/

### Verb

冬眠
* (biology) to hibernate

### Noun

冬眠
* (biology) hibernation

### Adjective

冬眠
* dormant

### Descendants

* → Japanese: 冬眠(とうみん) (tōmin)
* → Korean: 동면(冬眠) (dongmyeon)

### See also

* 休眠 (xiūmián)

## Japanese

Kanji in this term :
| 冬 | 眠 |
| とう Grade: 2 | みん Grade: S |
| on'yomi ||

### Pronunciation

* (Tokyo) とーみん [tòómíń] (Heiban – [0])
* IPA: [to̞ːmʲĩɴ]

### Noun

冬(とう)眠(みん) • (tōmin)
* hibernation

### Verb

冬(とう)眠(みん)する • (tōmin suru) intransitive suru (stem 冬(とう)眠(みん)し (tōmin shi), past 冬(とう)眠(みん)した (tōmin shita))
* to hibernate

#### Conjugation

Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") :
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 冬眠し | とうみんし | tōmin shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 冬眠し | とうみんし | tōmin shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 冬眠する | とうみんする | tōmin suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 冬眠する | とうみんする | tōmin suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 冬眠すれ | とうみんすれ | tōmin sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 冬眠せよ¹ 冬眠しろ² | とうみんせよ¹ とうみんしろ² | tōmin seyo¹ tōmin shiro² |
| Key constructions ||||
| Passive | 冬眠される | とうみんされる | tōmin sareru |
| Causative | 冬眠させる 冬眠さす | とうみんさせる とうみんさす | tōmin saseru tōmin sasu |
| Potential | 冬眠できる | とうみんできる | tōmin dekiru |
| Volitional | 冬眠しよう | とうみんしよう | tōmin shiyō |
| Negative | 冬眠しない | とうみんしない | tōmin shinai |
| Negative continuative | 冬眠せず | とうみんせず | tōmin sezu |
| Formal | 冬眠します | とうみんします | tōmin shimasu |
| Perfective | 冬眠した | とうみんした | tōmin shita |
| Conjunctive | 冬眠して | とうみんして | tōmin shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 冬眠すれば | とうみんすれば | tōmin sureba |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ||||

### References

* ↑ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

## Korean

Hanja in this term :
| 冬 | 眠 |

### Noun

冬眠 • (dongmyeon) (hangeul 동면)
* hanja form of 동면 (“hibernation”)