# busto
## English
### Etymology

From Italian busto.

### Pronunciation

* (UK) IPA: /ˈbʌstəʊ/
* (US) IPA: /ˈbʌstoʊ/
* Rhymes: -ʌstəʊ

### Noun

busto (plural bustos or bustoes)
* (art, now rare) A bust. [from 17th c.]
** 1719, Elias Ashmole, The Antiquities of Berkshire:The Entrance to the Royal Apartment is through a Vestibule, supported by Pillars, with some antick Bustoes in the Niches […]
** 1753, Joshua Reynolds, edited by John Ingamells and John Edgcumbe, The Letters of Sir Joshua Reynolds, Yale, published 2000, page 13:The Busto's he fix'd on were the Caracalla and the Cicero in the Gallery which I recommended as one of the best heads in the Gallery.

### Anagrams

* BOTUS, bouts, tsubo

## Esperanto
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian busto, from Latin bustum (“burial ground, tomb”). Compare French buste, Polish biust, Russian бюст (bjust), German Büste.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈbusto]
* Rhymes: -usto
* Hyphenation: bus‧to

### Noun

busto (accusative singular buston, plural bustoj, accusative plural bustojn)
* (sculpture) bust

## Galician
### Etymology

From Celtiberian boustom, from Proto-Celtic *bow- (“cow”) (from Proto-Indo-European *gʷṓws) and a derivative of Proto-Indo-European *steh₂- (“to stand”); documented in local Latin throughout the Middle Ages. Cognate with Sanskrit गोष्ठ (goṣṭha, “cow-pen”). Compare also Welsh bustach (“bullock”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbusto̝/

### Noun

busto m (plural bustos)
* (archaic) enclosed pasture, usually in the hills, on which livestock is kept for feeding
* (obsolete) a herd of cattle
** 1300, R. Martínez López, General Estoria. Versión gallega del siglo XIV, page 277:et aly ouvo moytas gréés de ouellas et bustos de vacasand there were many flocks of sheep and many herds of cows

#### Derived terms

* Besteburiz
* Besterrexulfe
* Bistipoi
* Bistixoán
* Bistulfe
* Bustelo
* Bustelos
* Bustiguillade
* Busto
* Bustofreán
* Bustofrío
* Bustoseco

### References

* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “busto”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “busto”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “busto”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* ↑ Julián Santano Moreno, "Celtibérico boustom, iberorromance busto, “pastizal, vacada” y bosta “boñiga”", Nouvelle Revue d’Onomastique, n° 56, 2014, p. 227-262.
* ↑ García Trabazo, José Virgilio (2016) “Prelatin Toponymy of Asturies: a critical review in a historical-comparative perspective”, in Lletres Asturianes‎, number 115, retrieved 14 June 2018, pages 51-71
* ↑ "busto" in Gallaeciae Monumenta Historica.

## Ido
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbusto/

### Noun

busto (plural busti)
* (human anatomy) bust, the head and the upper section of the torso
* (sculpture) bust, sculpture of the head and the upper section of the torso

## Italian
### Etymology

From Latin būstum (“burial mound, tomb”). The semantic shift from “tomb” to “bust” happened via the meaning of “sepulchral statue”.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbu.sto/
* Rhymes: -usto
* Hyphenation: bù‧sto

### Noun

busto m (plural busti)
* (obsolete) tomb, grave
** 1372 ca., Giovanni Boccaccio, Esposizioni sopra la Commedia di Dante Alighieri (Il comento sopra la Commedia di Dante Alighieri, Tomo II, Ig. Moutier (1831), page 280):
    Chiamansi ancora i sepolcri busti, e questi son detti da' corpi combusti, [...]The sepulchres are still called tombs, so called for the cremated bodies, [...]
* (by extension, obsolete) cadaver, corpse
* (sculpture) bust
* (by extension, anatomy) torso
* (by extension) corset, girdle
    Synonym: guaina

#### Derived terms

* imbusto (obsolete)
* mezzobusto

#### Descendants

* → French: buste
** → Danish: buste
** → Polish: biust
** → Russian: бюст (bjust)
*** → Georgian: ბიუსტი (biusṭi)

## Latin
### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /ˈbus.toː/, [ˈbʊs̠t̪oː]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /ˈbus.to/, [ˈbust̪o]

### Noun

bustō
* dative/ablative singular of bustum

## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbus.tu/
* (Brazil) IPA: /ˈbus.tu/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /ˈbuʃ.tu/
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /ˈbus.to/
* (Portugal) IPA: /ˈbuʃ.tu/
* Rhymes: (Brazil) -ustu, (Portugal, Rio de Janeiro) -uʃtu
* Hyphenation: bus‧to

### Noun

busto m (plural bustos)
* bust (sculptural portrayal of a person’s head and shoulders)
* bust (breasts and upper thorax of a woman)

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian busto, from Latin bustum (literally “burned body”).

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈbusto/ [ˈbus.t̪o]
* Rhymes: -usto
* Syllabification: bus‧to

### Noun

busto m (plural bustos)
* (sculpture) bust
* (anatomy) bust

### Further reading

* “busto”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014