# esfumar
## Catalan
### Etymology

From es- +‎ fum +‎ -ar. Compare Italian sfumare.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [əs.fuˈma]
* IPA: (Valencia) [es.fuˈmaɾ]

### Verb

esfumar (first-person singular present esfumo, first-person singular preterite esfumí, past participle esfumat)
* (transitive) to soften; to tone down
* (reflexive) to fade out; to vanish
* (reflexive, colloquial) to slip away (leave unnoticed)

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | esfumar | esfumar | esfumar | esfumar | esfumar |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | esfumant | esfumant | esfumant | esfumant | esfumant |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | esfumat | esfumat | esfumada | esfumada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | esfumats | esfumats | esfumades | esfumades |
| person | person | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| person | person | first | second | third | first | second | third |
| indicative | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| indicative | present | esfumo | esfumes | esfuma | esfumem | esfumeu | esfumen |
| indicative | imperfect | esfumava | esfumaves | esfumava | esfumàvem | esfumàveu | esfumaven |
| indicative | future | esfumaré | esfumaràs | esfumarà | esfumarem | esfumareu | esfumaran |
| indicative | preterite | esfumí | esfumares | esfumà | esfumàrem | esfumàreu | esfumaren |
| indicative | conditional | esfumaria | esfumaries | esfumaria | esfumaríem | esfumaríeu | esfumarien |
| subjunctive | | jo | tu | ell/ella vostè | nosaltres nós | vosaltres vós | ells/elles vostès |
| subjunctive | present | esfumi | esfumis | esfumi | esfumem | esfumeu | esfumin |
| subjunctive | imperfect | esfumés | esfumessis | esfumés | esfuméssim | esfuméssiu | esfumessin |
| imperative | | — | tu | vostè | nosaltres | vosaltres vós | vostès |
| imperative | affirmative | — | esfuma | esfumi | esfumem | esfumeu | esfumin |
| imperative | negative (no) | — | no esfumis | no esfumi | no esfumem | no esfumeu | no esfumin |

#### Synonyms

* difuminar

#### Derived terms

* esfumadura
* esfumí

### Further reading

* “esfumar” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.

## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian sfumare.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /esfuˈmaɾ/ [es.fuˈmaɾ]
* Rhymes: -aɾ
* Syllabification: es‧fu‧mar

### Verb

esfumar (first-person singular present esfumo, first-person singular preterite esfumé, past participle esfumado)
* (transitive) to soften; to tone down
* (reflexive) to fade out; to vanish
* (reflexive, colloquial) to slip away (leave unnoticed)

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | esfumar | esfumar | esfumar | esfumar | esfumar |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | esfumando | esfumando | esfumando | esfumando | esfumando |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | esfumado | esfumado | esfumada | esfumada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | esfumados | esfumados | esfumadas | esfumadas |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| indicative | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| indicative | present | esfumo | esfumas$^{tú}$ esfumás$^{vos}$ | esfuma | esfumamos | esfumáis | esfuman |
| indicative | imperfect | esfumaba | esfumabas | esfumaba | esfumábamos | esfumabais | esfumaban |
| indicative | preterite | esfumé | esfumaste | esfumó | esfumamos | esfumasteis | esfumaron |
| indicative | future | esfumaré | esfumarás | esfumará | esfumaremos | esfumaréis | esfumarán |
| indicative | conditional | esfumaría | esfumarías | esfumaría | esfumaríamos | esfumaríais | esfumarían |
| subjunctive | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| subjunctive | present | esfume | esfumes$^{tú}$ esfumés$^{vos2}$ | esfume | esfumemos | esfuméis | esfumen |
| subjunctive | imperfect (ra) | esfumara | esfumaras | esfumara | esfumáramos | esfumarais | esfumaran |
| subjunctive | imperfect (se) | esfumase | esfumases | esfumase | esfumásemos | esfumaseis | esfumasen |
| subjunctive | future$^1$ | esfumare | esfumares | esfumare | esfumáremos | esfumareis | esfumaren |
| imperative | | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes |
| imperative | affirmative | | esfuma$^{tú}$ esfumá$^{vos}$ | esfume | esfumemos | esfumad | esfumen |
| imperative | negative | | no esfumes | no esfume | no esfumemos | no esfuméis | no esfumen |
$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.
These forms are generated automatically and may not actually be used. Pronoun usage varies by region.
| infinitive | infinitive | infinitive | esfumarse | esfumarse | esfumarse | esfumarse | esfumarse |
| gerund | gerund | gerund | esfumándose | esfumándose | esfumándose | esfumándose | esfumándose |
| past participle | past participle | | | masculine | masculine | feminine | feminine |
| past participle | past participle | singular | singular | esfumado | esfumado | esfumada | esfumada |
| past participle | past participle | plural | plural | esfumados | esfumados | esfumadas | esfumadas |
| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural |
| | | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person |
| personal non-finite | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| personal non-finite | infinitive | esfumarme | esfumarte | esfumarse | esfumarnos | esfumaros | esfumarse |
| personal non-finite | gerund | esfumándome | esfumándote | esfumándose | esfumándonos | esfumándoos | esfumándose |
| indicative | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| indicative | present | me esfumo | te esfumas$^{tú}$ te esfumás$^{vos}$ | se esfuma | nos esfumamos | os esfumáis | se esfuman |
| indicative | imperfect | me esfumaba | te esfumabas | se esfumaba | nos esfumábamos | os esfumabais | se esfumaban |
| indicative | preterite | me esfumé | te esfumaste | se esfumó | nos esfumamos | os esfumasteis | se esfumaron |
| indicative | future | me esfumaré | te esfumarás | se esfumará | nos esfumaremos | os esfumaréis | se esfumarán |
| indicative | conditional | me esfumaría | te esfumarías | se esfumaría | nos esfumaríamos | os esfumaríais | se esfumarían |
| subjunctive | | yo | tú vos | él/ella/ello usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ellos/ellas ustedes |
| subjunctive | present | me esfume | te esfumes$^{tú}$ te esfumés$^{vos2}$ | se esfume | nos esfumemos | os esfuméis | se esfumen |
| subjunctive | imperfect (ra) | me esfumara | te esfumaras | se esfumara | nos esfumáramos | os esfumarais | se esfumaran |
| subjunctive | imperfect (se) | me esfumase | te esfumases | se esfumase | nos esfumásemos | os esfumaseis | se esfumasen |
| subjunctive | future$^1$ | me esfumare | te esfumares | se esfumare | nos esfumáremos | os esfumareis | se esfumaren |
| imperative | | — | tú vos | usted | nosotros nosotras | vosotros vosotras | ustedes |
| imperative | affirmative | | esfúmate$^{tú}$ esfumate$^{vos}$ | esfúmese | esfumémonos | esfumaos | esfúmense |
| imperative | negative | | no te esfumes | no se esfume | no nos esfumemos | no os esfuméis | no se esfumen |
$^1$Mostly obsolete, now mainly used in legal language. $^2$Argentine and Uruguayan voseo prefers the tú form for the present subjunctive.

### Further reading

* “esfumar”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014