# edun
## Basque
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /edun/, [e̞.ð̞ũn]

### Etymology 1

The stem -(d)u- forms the basis of the indicative forms. This stem also appears in the dialectal participle eduki. A verbal noun edutzea is attested from the fifteenth century, derived from either eduki or *edun. The potential and imperative forms are built on the stem -za- which becomes -tza- after a prefix ending in n.

#### Verb

*edun
* (auxiliary, transitive) to have
    Synonyms: eduki, ukan
    Diru asko du. ― He has a lot of money.
* (auxiliary, transitive) used with transitive (nor nork) verbs
    Ikusi nahi zintudan ― I wanted to see you.
    Irakurri zuen ― He read it.

##### Usage notes

* Light verb constructions with egin usually take auxiliaries of this class, even when translated by intransitive verbs.
       Elurra egin du. ― It's snowed.
       Lo egiten dute. ― They're sleeping.
* Northern dialects use the participle ukan for these forms.
       Txakurra ikusi nahi ukan dut. ― I wanted to see the dog.
       Diru asko ukango du. ― He will have a lot of money.
* Southern dialects use the participle eduki for this verb in the sense "to have". As an auxiliary, the participle izan is used instead.
       Txakurra ikusi nahi izan dut. ― I wanted to see the dog.
       Diru asko edukiko du. ― He will have a lot of money.
* Basque grammarians usually refer to this, along with the nor nori nork auxiliary, by the northern citation form ukan or by the reconstructed participle form *edun; as separative verb from the intransitive forms of izan.

##### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### Etymology 2

The stem is -i- in the indicative, and -ieza- in the potential and imperative. As in the nor-nori izan paradigm, forms with plural nor (absolutive) agreement are suffixed with -zki-. This marker is attached directly to the stem and precedes other agreement suffixes.

#### Verb

*edun
* (auxiliary, transitive, with dative agreement) used with transitive verbs that take a dative argument (nor nori nork)
    Eman nion. ― I gave it to her.
    Eman nizkion. ― I gave them to her.
    Irakurri zidan. ― He read it to me.

##### Usage notes

* The dative argument frequently corresponds to an indirect object in English, but often indicates the possessor of the direct object (nor argument) of the verb, usually expressed as a possessive in English.
* Basque verbs of this class can only take third person direct objects (nor, or absolutive, arguments).

##### Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

### See also

| Dialect | to be | Intransitive auxiliary | Transitive auxiliary | to have |
| Northern | izan | izan | *edun$^1$ | ukan$^2$ |
| Southern | (quality) izan | izan | *edun$^1$ | eduki$^3$ |
| Southern | (state) egon | izan | *edun$^1$ | eduki$^3$ |
| 1. Hypothetical citation form lacking non-finite forms, the non-finite forms of izan, ukan and eduki are used instead. 2. Verb lacking finite forms, *edun is used instead. 3. *edun is also used synonymously. |||||

### References

* “*edun” in Etymological Dictionary of Basque by R. L. Trask, sussex.ac.uk
* A Brief Grammar of Euskara, p. 89, Itziar Laka, 1996, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea
* “Aditz Laguntzaile Batua”, in euskaltzaindia.eus‎ (in Basque), Euskaltzaindia, 1973 August 10

## Finnish
### Noun

edun
* genitive singular of etu