# -ение
## Bulgarian
### Etymology

Inherited from Old Church Slavonic -ньѥ (-nĭje), from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛniɛ]

### Suffix

-е́ние • (-énie)
* -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech)

#### Derived terms
## Macedonian
### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [ˈɛni(j)ɛ]

### Suffix

-е́ние • (-énie)
* -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech)

#### Derived terms
## Russian
### Alternative forms

* -еніе (-enije) — Pre-reform orthography (1918)
* -е́нье (-énʹje)

### Etymology

Inherited from Proto-Slavic *-nьje.

### Pronunciation

* -е́ние: IPA: [ˈʲenʲɪje]
* -ение: IPA: [ʲɪnʲɪje]

### Suffix

-е́ние or -ение • (-énije or -enije)
* -tion, -ence, -ance, -ity, etc. (suffix used to form abstract nouns from verbs, and occasionally from other parts of speech)
    ‎отчи́слить (otčíslitʹ, “to deduct, to dismiss”) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎отчисле́ние (otčislénije, “deduction, dismissal”)
    ‎порази́ть (porazítʹ, “to defeat”) (past passive participle поражённый (poražónnyj)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎пораже́ние (poražénije, “defeat”)
    ‎прови́деть (provídetʹ, “to foresee”) (past passive participle прови́денный (provídennyj)) + ‎-ение (-enije) → ‎прови́дение (provídenije, “foresight”)
    ‎прови́деть (provídetʹ, “to foresee”) (past passive participle прови́денный (provídennyj)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎провиде́ние (providénije, “Providence”)
    ‎обсуди́ть (obsudítʹ, “to discuss”) (past passive participle обсуждённый (obsuždjónnyj)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎обсужде́ние (obsuždénije, “discussion”)
    ‎напра́вить (naprávitʹ, “to direct”) (past passive participle напра́вленный (naprávlennyj)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎направле́ние (napravlénije, “direction”)
    ‎расти́ (rastí, “to grow, to sprout”) (third person singular растёт (rastjót)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎расте́ние (rasténije, “plant”)
    ‎течь (tečʹ, “to flow”) (third person singular течёт (tečót)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎тече́ние (tečénije, “current, flow”)
    ‎сжечь (sžečʹ, “to burn up”) (third person singular сожжёт (sožžót)) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎сожже́ние (sožžénije, “burning up”)
    ‎уме́ть (umétʹ, “to be able”) + ‎-е́ние (-énije) → ‎уме́ние (uménije, “ability”)

#### Usage notes

* The stress is usually drawn onto the suffix (e.g. отчисле́ние (otčislénije) from отчи́слить (otčíslitʹ)), but occasionally not (e.g. прови́дение (provídenije) from прови́деть (provídetʹ)).
* This suffix is generally used only for verbs whose past passive participle ends in -енный (-ennyj) or -ённый (-jónnyj); verbs whose past passive participle ends in -анный (-annyj) normally use -ание (-anije), and verbs whose past passive participle ends in -тый (-tyj) normally use -тие (-tije).
* The stem preceding the suffix is modified in the same way as for the past passive participle; in particular, the stem normally becomes iotated, and in cases where the stem iotates irregularly in the past passive participle (e.g. -жд- (-žd-) instead of -ж- (-ž-), or -щ- (-šč-) instead of -ч- (-č-)), the same irregularities are observed before -е́ние (-énije).
* Note that even intransitive verbs without a past passive participle form abstract nouns in -е́ние (-énije). For such verbs of class 4 and 5 (which end in -ить (-itʹ) and -еть (-etʹ) respectively), use the stem as found in the first person singular. For such verbs of class 7 and 8 (which end in such verbs in -ти́ (-tí), -сть (-stʹ), -зть (-ztʹ) and -чь (-čʹ)), use the stem as found in the third person singular.

#### Related terms

* -ание (-anije), -анье (-anʹje)