# denegrir
## Galician
### Alternative forms

* denegrer

### Etymology

Attested since 1671. From Latin dēnigrāre (“to blacken”). Compare English denigrate.

### Verb

denegrir (third-person only, third-person singular present denigre, third-person singular preterite denegriu, past participle denegrido) denegrir (first-person singular present denigro, third-person singular present denigre, first-person singular preterite denegrim or denegri, past participle denegrido, reintegrationist norm)
* (pronominal) to blacken; to turn black or livid
    Denegriúselle a perna polo choque. ― His leg turned livid because of the clash.
** 1671, Gabriel Feijoo de Araujo, Contenda dos labradores de Caldelas:Juro por tantos, è cantos / que à an de uer denegrada, / anque a justicia me lebe / os bois da corte, yas bacas. / eu pido vsos, e custumes / calen barbas, falen cartasI swear by each and every one that they shall see it livid, even though Justice takes away my oxen from the stables and the cows. I ask for customs and habits, actions speak louder than words.

#### Conjugation

$^1$Less recommended.

#### Derived terms

* denegrido

### References

* Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, Ana Isabel Boullón Agrelo (2006–2022) “denegreçer”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios do galego medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Xavier Varela Barreiro, Xavier Gómez Guinovart (2006–2018) “denegr”, in Corpus Xelmírez - Corpus lingüístico da Galicia medieval (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: ILG
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, editor (2006–2013), “denegrir”, in Dicionario de Dicionarios da lingua galega [Dictionary of Dictionaries of the Galician language] (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “denegrir”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
* Rosario Álvarez Blanco, editor (2014–2024), “denegrir”, in Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e portugués (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega, →ISSN

## Portuguese
### Alternative forms

* denigrir

### Etymology

From Latin dēnigrāre (“to blacken”).

### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /de.neˈɡɾi(ʁ)/ [de.neˈɡɾi(h)]
* (Brazil) IPA: /de.neˈɡɾi(ʁ)/ [de.neˈɡɾi(h)]
** (São Paulo) IPA: /de.neˈɡɾi(ɾ)/
** (Rio de Janeiro) IPA: /de.neˈɡɾi(ʁ)/ [de.neˈɡɾi(χ)]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /de.neˈɡɾi(ɻ)/
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨ.nɨˈɡɾiɾ/ [dɨ.nɨˈɣɾiɾ]
* (Portugal) IPA: /dɨ.nɨˈɡɾiɾ/ [dɨ.nɨˈɣɾiɾ]
** (Southern Portugal) IPA: /dɨ.nɨˈɡɾi.ɾi/ [dɨ.nɨˈɣɾi.ɾi]
* Hyphenation: de‧ne‧grir

### Verb

denegrir (first-person singular present denigro, third-person singular present denigre, first-person singular preterite denegri, past participle denegrido)
* (transitive) denigrate (to criticise so as to besmirch; to treat as worthless)

#### Usage notes

In Brazil, some consider the term racist, arguing it associates the color black with a negative connotation and advising not using it. But others contest racist intent, saying the word's original definition (to blacken) evolved into the current meaning through an association with dark stains, not with skin color.

#### Conjugation
### References

* ↑ “Por que evitar termos e expressões racistas?”, in Tribunal Regional Eleitoral-RN (in Portuguese), 2023 September 12
* ↑ “O termo 'denegrir' é racista? Entenda a origem da palavra”, in UOL (in Portuguese), 2022 May 26
* ↑ “Por que denegrir é um termo racista”, in Terra (in Portuguese), 2023 August 21
* ↑ João Taboada (2018 March 20) “Denegrir. Palavra racista?”, in Contraponto.net (in Portuguese)
* ↑ DENEGRIR: origem e significado‎ (in Portuguese), Pablo Jamilk, 2022 July 22, via YouTube