# amukela
## Zulu
### Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)
Cognate with Xhosa -amkela.

### Verb

-amukela
* to hold out the hands to receive
* to receive, to accept
* to admit

#### Inflection

Tone L :
| Infinitive | ukwamukela |
| | Positive | Negative |
| Infinitive | ukwamukela | ukungamukeli |
| | Imperative | Imperative |
| | Simple | + object concord |
| Singular | yamukela | -amukele |
| Plural | yamukelani | -amukeleni |
| | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present | Present |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyamukela, ngamukela | engamukelayo, engamukela | ngamukela | angamukeli | engingamukeli | ngingamukeli |
| 2nd singular | uyamukela, wamukela | owamukelayo, owamukela | wamukela | awamukeli | ongamukeli | ungamukeli |
| 1st plural | siyamukela, samukela | esamukelayo, esamukela | samukela | asamukeli | esingamukeli | singamukeli |
| 2nd plural | niyamukela, namukela | enamukelayo, enamukela | namukela | anamukeli | eningamukeli | ningamukeli |
| Class 1 | uyamukela, wamukela | owamukelayo, owamukela | amukela | akamukeli | ongamukeli | engamukeli |
| Class 2 | bayamukela, bamukela | abamukelayo, abamukela | bamukela | abamukeli | abangamukeli | bengamukeli |
| Class 3 | uyamukela, wamukela | owamukelayo, owamukela | wamukela | awamukeli | ongamukeli | ungamukeli |
| Class 4 | iyamukela, yamukela | eyamukelayo, eyamukela | yamukela | ayamukeli | engamukeli | ingamukeli |
| Class 5 | liyamukela, lamukela | elamukelayo, elamukela | lamukela | alamukeli | elingamukeli | lingamukeli |
| Class 6 | ayamukela, amukela | amukelayo, amukela | amukela | awamukeli | angamukeli | engamukeli |
| Class 7 | siyamukela, samukela | esamukelayo, esamukela | samukela | asamukeli | esingamukeli | singamukeli |
| Class 8 | ziyamukela, zamukela | ezamukelayo, ezamukela | zamukela | azamukeli | ezingamukeli | zingamukeli |
| Class 9 | iyamukela, yamukela | eyamukelayo, eyamukela | yamukela | ayamukeli | engamukeli | ingamukeli |
| Class 10 | ziyamukela, zamukela | ezamukelayo, ezamukela | zamukela | azamukeli | ezingamukeli | zingamukeli |
| Class 11 | luyamukela, lwamukela | olwamukelayo, olwamukela | lwamukela | alwamukeli | olungamukeli | lungamukeli |
| Class 14 | buyamukela, bamukela | obamukelayo, obamukela | bamukela | abamukeli | obungamukeli | bungamukeli |
| Class 15 | kuyamukela, kwamukela | okwamukelayo, okwamukela | kwamukela | akwamukeli | okungamukeli | kungamukeli |
| Class 17 | kuyamukela, kwamukela | okwamukelayo, okwamukela | kwamukela | akwamukeli | okungamukeli | kungamukeli |
| | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past | Recent past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngamukelile, ngamukelē | engamukelile, engamukelē | ngamukelile, ngamukelē | angamukelanga | engingamukelanga | ngingamukelanga |
| 2nd singular | wamukelile, wamukelē | owamukelile, owamukelē | wamukelile, wamukelē | awamukelanga | ongamukelanga | ungamukelanga |
| 1st plural | samukelile, samukelē | esamukelile, esamukelē | samukelile, samukelē | asamukelanga | esingamukelanga | singamukelanga |
| 2nd plural | namukelile, namukelē | enamukelile, enamukelē | namukelile, namukelē | anamukelanga | eningamukelanga | ningamukelanga |
| Class 1 | wamukelile, wamukelē | owamukelile, owamukelē | amukelile, amukelē | akamukelanga | ongamukelanga | engamukelanga |
| Class 2 | bamukelile, bamukelē | abamukelile, abamukelē | bamukelile, bamukelē | abamukelanga | abangamukelanga | bengamukelanga |
| Class 3 | wamukelile, wamukelē | owamukelile, owamukelē | wamukelile, wamukelē | awamukelanga | ongamukelanga | ungamukelanga |
| Class 4 | yamukelile, yamukelē | eyamukelile, eyamukelē | yamukelile, yamukelē | ayamukelanga | engamukelanga | ingamukelanga |
| Class 5 | lamukelile, lamukelē | elamukelile, elamukelē | lamukelile, lamukelē | alamukelanga | elingamukelanga | lingamukelanga |
| Class 6 | amukelile, amukelē | amukelile, amukelē | amukelile, amukelē | awamukelanga | angamukelanga | engamukelanga |
| Class 7 | samukelile, samukelē | esamukelile, esamukelē | samukelile, samukelē | asamukelanga | esingamukelanga | singamukelanga |
| Class 8 | zamukelile, zamukelē | ezamukelile, ezamukelē | zamukelile, zamukelē | azamukelanga | ezingamukelanga | zingamukelanga |
| Class 9 | yamukelile, yamukelē | eyamukelile, eyamukelē | yamukelile, yamukelē | ayamukelanga | engamukelanga | ingamukelanga |
| Class 10 | zamukelile, zamukelē | ezamukelile, ezamukelē | zamukelile, zamukelē | azamukelanga | ezingamukelanga | zingamukelanga |
| Class 11 | lwamukelile, lwamukelē | olwamukelile, olwamukelē | lwamukelile, lwamukelē | alwamukelanga | olungamukelanga | lungamukelanga |
| Class 14 | bamukelile, bamukelē | obamukelile, obamukelē | bamukelile, bamukelē | abamukelanga | obungamukelanga | bungamukelanga |
| Class 15 | kwamukelile, kwamukelē | okwamukelile, okwamukelē | kwamukelile, kwamukelē | akwamukelanga | okungamukelanga | kungamukelanga |
| Class 17 | kwamukelile, kwamukelē | okwamukelile, okwamukelē | kwamukelile, kwamukelē | akwamukelanga | okungamukelanga | kungamukelanga |
| | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past | Remote past |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngāmukela | engāmukela | ngāmukela | angamukelanga | engingamukelanga | ngingamukelanga |
| 2nd singular | wāmukela | owāmukela | wāmukela | awamukelanga | ongamukelanga | ungamukelanga |
| 1st plural | sāmukela | esāmukela | sāmukela | asamukelanga | esingamukelanga | singamukelanga |
| 2nd plural | nāmukela | enāmukela | nāmukela | anamukelanga | eningamukelanga | ningamukelanga |
| Class 1 | wāmukela | owāmukela | āmukela | akamukelanga | ongamukelanga | engamukelanga |
| Class 2 | bāmukela | abāmukela | bāmukela | abamukelanga | abangamukelanga | bengamukelanga |
| Class 3 | wāmukela | owāmukela | wāmukela | awamukelanga | ongamukelanga | ungamukelanga |
| Class 4 | yāmukela | eyāmukela | yāmukela | ayamukelanga | engamukelanga | ingamukelanga |
| Class 5 | lāmukela | elāmukela | lāmukela | alamukelanga | elingamukelanga | lingamukelanga |
| Class 6 | āmukela | āmukela | āmukela | awamukelanga | angamukelanga | engamukelanga |
| Class 7 | sāmukela | esāmukela | sāmukela | asamukelanga | esingamukelanga | singamukelanga |
| Class 8 | zāmukela | ezāmukela | zāmukela | azamukelanga | ezingamukelanga | zingamukelanga |
| Class 9 | yāmukela | eyāmukela | yāmukela | ayamukelanga | engamukelanga | ingamukelanga |
| Class 10 | zāmukela | ezāmukela | zāmukela | azamukelanga | ezingamukelanga | zingamukelanga |
| Class 11 | lwāmukela | olwāmukela | lwāmukela | alwamukelanga | olungamukelanga | lungamukelanga |
| Class 14 | bāmukela | obāmukela | bāmukela | abamukelanga | obungamukelanga | bungamukelanga |
| Class 15 | kwāmukela | okwāmukela | kwāmukela | akwamukelanga | okungamukelanga | kungamukelanga |
| Class 17 | kwāmukela | okwāmukela | kwāmukela | akwamukelanga | okungamukelanga | kungamukelanga |
| | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential | Potential |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngingamukela | — | ngingamukela | ngingamukele | — | ngingamukele |
| 2nd singular | ungamukela | — | ungamukela | ungamukele | — | ungamukele |
| 1st plural | singamukela | — | singamukela | singamukele | — | singamukele |
| 2nd plural | ningamukela | — | ningamukela | ningamukele | — | ningamukele |
| Class 1 | angamukela | — | engamukela | angamukele | — | engamukele |
| Class 2 | bangamukela | — | bengamukela | bangamukele | — | bengamukele |
| Class 3 | ungamukela | — | ungamukela | ungamukele | — | ungamukele |
| Class 4 | ingamukela | — | ingamukela | ingamukele | — | ingamukele |
| Class 5 | lingamukela | — | lingamukela | lingamukele | — | lingamukele |
| Class 6 | angamukela | — | engamukela | angamukele | — | engamukele |
| Class 7 | singamukela | — | singamukela | singamukele | — | singamukele |
| Class 8 | zingamukela | — | zingamukela | zingamukele | — | zingamukele |
| Class 9 | ingamukela | — | ingamukela | ingamukele | — | ingamukele |
| Class 10 | zingamukela | — | zingamukela | zingamukele | — | zingamukele |
| Class 11 | lungamukela | — | lungamukela | lungamukele | — | lungamukele |
| Class 14 | bungamukela | — | bungamukela | bungamukele | — | bungamukele |
| Class 15 | kungamukela | — | kungamukela | kungamukele | — | kungamukele |
| Class 17 | kungamukela | — | kungamukela | kungamukele | — | kungamukele |
| | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future | Immediate future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngizokwamukela | engizokwamukela | ngizokwamukela | angizukwamukela | engingezukwamukela | ngingezukwamukela |
| 2nd singular | uzokwamukela | ozokwamukela | uzokwamukela | awuzukwamukela | ongezukwamukela | ungezukwamukela |
| 1st plural | sizokwamukela | esizokwamukela | sizokwamukela | asizukwamukela | esingezukwamukela | singezukwamukela |
| 2nd plural | nizokwamukela | enizokwamukela | nizokwamukela | anizukwamukela | eningezukwamukela | ningezukwamukela |
| Class 1 | uzokwamukela | ozokwamukela | ezokwamukela | akazukwamukela | ongezukwamukela | engezukwamukela |
| Class 2 | bazokwamukela | abazokwamukela | bezokwamukela | abazukwamukela | abangezukwamukela | bengezukwamukela |
| Class 3 | uzokwamukela | ozokwamukela | uzokwamukela | awuzukwamukela | ongezukwamukela | ungezukwamukela |
| Class 4 | izokwamukela | ezokwamukela | izokwamukela | ayizukwamukela | engezukwamukela | ingezukwamukela |
| Class 5 | lizokwamukela | elizokwamukela | lizokwamukela | alizukwamukela | elingezukwamukela | lingezukwamukela |
| Class 6 | azokwamukela | azokwamukela | ezokwamukela | awazukwamukela | angezukwamukela | engezukwamukela |
| Class 7 | sizokwamukela | esizokwamukela | sizokwamukela | asizukwamukela | esingezukwamukela | singezukwamukela |
| Class 8 | zizokwamukela | ezizokwamukela | zizokwamukela | azizukwamukela | ezingezukwamukela | zingezukwamukela |
| Class 9 | izokwamukela | ezokwamukela | izokwamukela | ayizukwamukela | engezukwamukela | ingezukwamukela |
| Class 10 | zizokwamukela | ezizokwamukela | zizokwamukela | azizukwamukela | ezingezukwamukela | zingezukwamukela |
| Class 11 | luzokwamukela | oluzokwamukela | luzokwamukela | aluzukwamukela | olungezukwamukela | lungezukwamukela |
| Class 14 | buzokwamukela | obuzokwamukela | buzokwamukela | abuzukwamukela | obungezukwamukela | bungezukwamukela |
| Class 15 | kuzokwamukela | okuzokwamukela | kuzokwamukela | akuzukwamukela | okungezukwamukela | kungezukwamukela |
| Class 17 | kuzokwamukela | okuzokwamukela | kuzokwamukela | akuzukwamukela | okungezukwamukela | kungezukwamukela |
| | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future | Remote future |
| | Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial |
| 1st singular | ngiyokwamukela | engiyokwamukela | ngiyokwamukela | angiyukwamukela | engingeyukwamukela | ngingeyukwamukela |
| 2nd singular | uyokwamukela | oyokwamukela | uyokwamukela | awuyukwamukela | ongeyukwamukela | ungeyukwamukela |
| 1st plural | siyokwamukela | esiyokwamukela | siyokwamukela | asiyukwamukela | esingeyukwamukela | singeyukwamukela |
| 2nd plural | niyokwamukela | eniyokwamukela | niyokwamukela | aniyukwamukela | eningeyukwamukela | ningeyukwamukela |
| Class 1 | uyokwamukela | oyokwamukela | eyokwamukela | akayukwamukela | ongeyukwamukela | engeyukwamukela |
| Class 2 | bayokwamukela | abayokwamukela | beyokwamukela | abayukwamukela | abangeyukwamukela | bengeyukwamukela |
| Class 3 | uyokwamukela | oyokwamukela | uyokwamukela | awuyukwamukela | ongeyukwamukela | ungeyukwamukela |
| Class 4 | iyokwamukela | eyokwamukela | iyokwamukela | ayiyukwamukela | engeyukwamukela | ingeyukwamukela |
| Class 5 | liyokwamukela | eliyokwamukela | liyokwamukela | aliyukwamukela | elingeyukwamukela | lingeyukwamukela |
| Class 6 | ayokwamukela | ayokwamukela | eyokwamukela | awayukwamukela | angeyukwamukela | engeyukwamukela |
| Class 7 | siyokwamukela | esiyokwamukela | siyokwamukela | asiyukwamukela | esingeyukwamukela | singeyukwamukela |
| Class 8 | ziyokwamukela | eziyokwamukela | ziyokwamukela | aziyukwamukela | ezingeyukwamukela | zingeyukwamukela |
| Class 9 | iyokwamukela | eyokwamukela | iyokwamukela | ayiyukwamukela | engeyukwamukela | ingeyukwamukela |
| Class 10 | ziyokwamukela | eziyokwamukela | ziyokwamukela | aziyukwamukela | ezingeyukwamukela | zingeyukwamukela |
| Class 11 | luyokwamukela | oluyokwamukela | luyokwamukela | aluyukwamukela | olungeyukwamukela | lungeyukwamukela |
| Class 14 | buyokwamukela | obuyokwamukela | buyokwamukela | abuyukwamukela | obungeyukwamukela | bungeyukwamukela |
| Class 15 | kuyokwamukela | okuyokwamukela | kuyokwamukela | akuyukwamukela | okungeyukwamukela | kungeyukwamukela |
| Class 17 | kuyokwamukela | okuyokwamukela | kuyokwamukela | akuyukwamukela | okungeyukwamukela | kungeyukwamukela |
| | Present subjunctive | Present subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngamukele | ngingamukeli |
| 2nd singular | wamukele | ungamukeli |
| 1st plural | samukele | singamukeli |
| 2nd plural | namukele | ningamukeli |
| Class 1 | amukele | angamukeli |
| Class 2 | bamukele | bangamukeli |
| Class 3 | wamukele | ungamukeli |
| Class 4 | yamukele | ingamukeli |
| Class 5 | lamukele | lingamukeli |
| Class 6 | amukele | angamukeli |
| Class 7 | samukele | singamukeli |
| Class 8 | zamukele | zingamukeli |
| Class 9 | yamukele | ingamukeli |
| Class 10 | zamukele | zingamukeli |
| Class 11 | lwamukele | lungamukeli |
| Class 14 | bamukele | bungamukeli |
| Class 15 | kwamukele | kungamukeli |
| Class 17 | kwamukele | kungamukeli |
| | Past subjunctive | Past subjunctive |
| | Positive | Negative |
| 1st singular | ngamukela | ngangamukela, angamukela, angangamukela |
| 2nd singular | wamukela | wangamukela, awamukela, awangamukela |
| 1st plural | samukela | sangamukela, asamukela, asangamukela |
| 2nd plural | namukela | nangamukela, anamukela, anangamukela |
| Class 1 | wamukela | wangamukela, akamukela, akangamukela |
| Class 2 | bamukela | bangamukela, abamukela, abangamukela |
| Class 3 | wamukela | wangamukela, awamukela, awangamukela |
| Class 4 | yamukela | yangamukela, ayamukela, ayangamukela |
| Class 5 | lamukela | langamukela, alamukela, alangamukela |
| Class 6 | amukela | angamukela, awamukela, awangamukela |
| Class 7 | samukela | sangamukela, asamukela, asangamukela |
| Class 8 | zamukela | zangamukela, azamukela, azangamukela |
| Class 9 | yamukela | yangamukela, ayamukela, ayangamukela |
| Class 10 | zamukela | zangamukela, azamukela, azangamukela |
| Class 11 | lwamukela | lwangamukela, alwamukela, alwangamukela |
| Class 14 | bamukela | bangamukela, abamukela, abangamukela |
| Class 15 | kwamukela | kwangamukela, akwamukela, akwangamukela |
| Class 17 | kwamukela | kwangamukela, akwamukela, akwangamukela |

#### Derived terms

* -amukelela (applicative)
* -amukelisa, -amukeza (causative)
* -amukelisisa (intensive)
* -amukeleka (neuter-passive)
* -amukelwa (passive)
* -amukelana (reciprocal)

### References

* C. M. Doke, B. W. Vilakazi (1972) “amukela”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “amukela (3.3.2.9)”