# cruaigh
## Irish
### Alternative forms

* cruadhuigh (obsolete)

### Etymology

From Old Irish crúadaigid. By surface analysis, crua +‎ -igh.

### Verb

cruaigh (present analytic cruann, future analytic cruafaidh, verbal noun cruachan, past participle cruaite)
* (transitive, intransitive) to harden, stiffen, toughen, toughen up
* (intransitive) to set (solidify), firm up (become firmer in consistency), congeal
    Synonyms: stalc, téacht
* (intransitive) to harden (become less sensitive), grow callous
    Chruaigh a chroí.His heart hardened, he grew hard-hearted
* (intransitive) to become hard, difficult
    Chruaigh an saol le linn an chogaidh.Life became hard during the war.

#### Conjugation

| | | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | relative | autonomous |
| | | first | second | third | first | second | third | relative | autonomous |
| indicative | present | cruaim | cruann tú; cruair$^†$ | cruann sé, sí | cruaimid | cruann sibh | cruann siad; cruaid$^†$ | a chruann; a chruas / a gcruann* | cruaitear |
| indicative | past | chruaigh mé; chruas | chruaigh tú; chruais | chruaigh sé, sí | chruamar; chruaigh muid | chruaigh sibh; chruabhair | chruaigh siad; chruadar | a chruaigh / ar chruaigh* | cruadh |
| indicative | past habitual | chruainn / gcruainn‡‡ | chruaiteá / gcruaiteá‡‡ | chruadh sé, sí / gcruadh sé, sí‡‡ | chruaimis; chruadh muid / gcruaimis‡‡; gcruadh muid‡‡ | chruadh sibh / gcruadh sibh‡‡ | chruaidís; chruadh siad / gcruaidís‡‡; gcruadh siad‡‡ | a chruadh / a gcruadh* | chruaití / gcruaití‡‡ |
| future | future | cruafaidh mé; cruafad | cruafaidh tú; cruafair$^†$ | cruafaidh sé, sí | cruafaimid; cruafaidh muid | cruafaidh sibh | cruafaidh siad; cruafaid$^†$ | a chruafaidh; a chruafas / a gcruafaidh* | cruafar |
| conditional | conditional | chruafainn / gcruafainn‡‡ | chruafá / gcruafá‡‡ | chruafadh sé, sí / gcruafadh sé, sí‡‡ | chruafaimis; chruafadh muid / gcruafaimis‡‡; gcruafadh muid‡‡ | chruafadh sibh / gcruafadh sibh‡‡ | chruafaidís; chruafadh siad / gcruafaidís‡‡; gcruafadh siad‡‡ | a chruafadh / a gcruafadh* | chruafaí / gcruafaí‡‡ |
| subjunctive | present | go gcrua mé; go gcruad$^†$ | go gcrua tú; go gcruair$^†$ | go gcrua sé, sí | go gcruaimid; go gcrua muid | go gcrua sibh | go gcrua siad; go gcruaid$^†$ | — | go gcruaitear |
| subjunctive | past | dá gcruainn | dá gcruaiteá | dá gcruadh sé, sí | dá gcruaimis; dá gcruadh muid | dá gcruadh sibh | dá gcruaidís; dá gcruadh siad | — | dá gcruaití |
| imperative | imperative | cruaim | cruaigh | cruadh sé, sí | cruaimis | cruaigí; cruaidh$^†$ | cruaidís | — | cruaitear |
| verbal noun | verbal noun | cruachan | cruachan | cruachan | cruachan | cruachan | cruachan | cruachan | cruachan |
| past participle | past participle | cruaite | cruaite | cruaite | cruaite | cruaite | cruaite | cruaite | cruaite |
* indirect relative † archaic or dialect form ‡‡ dependent form used with particles that trigger eclipsis

### Further reading

* “cruaigh”, in Historical Irish Corpus, 1600–1926, Royal Irish Academy
* Gregory Toner, Sharon Arbuthnot, Máire Ní Mhaonaigh, Marie-Luise Theuerkauf, Dagmar Wodtko, editors (2019), “crúadaigid”, in eDIL: Electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cruaḋaim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 201
* Dinneen, Patrick S. (1904) “cruaḋuiġim”, in Foclóir Gaeḋilge agus Béarla, 1st edition, Dublin: Irish Texts Society, page 202
* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “cruaigh”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN