# -오
## Korean
### Etymology

See the main entry.

### Pronunciation

* (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA: [o̞]
* Phonetic hangul: [오]

### Suffix

오 • (-o)
* Post-vowel and post-ㄹ (l) allomorphic form of 소 (-so, “semi-formal style sentence-final suffix”).

#### Usage notes

* For comments regarding the relationship between 소 (-so) and 오 (-o) in the imperative mood, see "Usage notes" at 소 (-so).

## Middle Korean
### Etymology 1
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /o/
Harmonic pair :
| Yin-form | 우 (-wu) |
| Yang-form | 오 (-wo) |

#### Suffix

오 (-wo)
* Yang-vowel form of 우 (-wu, adverb-deriving suffix)

### Etymology 2

Lenition in voiced environments. See Appendix:Koreanic reconstructions for more.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ɣó/

#### Suffix

오〮 (-Gwó)
* Lenited allomorphic form of 고〮 (-kwó, verbal connective suffix) (in certain voiced environments)

##### Usage notes

* This allomorph only occurs after coda liquid /-l/, a falling diphthong, the copula 이 (i-), or the passivizing auxiliary 디 (ti-). The velar stop is preserved before all other vowels.

### Etymology 3

Lenition in voiced environments. See Appendix:Koreanic reconstructions for more.

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /(ɣ)ó/

#### Particle

오〮 (-(G)wó)
* Lenited allomorphic form of 고〮 (-kwo, non-polar interrogative marker) (in certain voiced environments)

##### Usage notes

* This allomorph is obligatory after /-j/, /-i/, or /-l/ (note that the irrealis suffix /-lQ/ is excluded here). It sometimes appears before other vowels as well.
* It was sometimes pronounced as /-ɣo/ and sometimes as /-o/, as can be perceived from orthographic variation between e.g. ᄒᆞ리〮오〮 (hò-lí-Gwó) and ᄒᆞ료〮 (hò-ly-wó).

##### See also

Middle Korean sentence enders :
| Form | Form | Form | Mood | Notes | Notes | Notes | Applied to 셔 (sye-, “to stand”) |
| | 다〮 (-tá) 라〮 (-lá) | 다〮 (-tá) 라〮 (-lá) | Declarative | Unmarked | Unmarked | Unmarked | 셔다〮 (Yale: syètá) |
| | 우〮마〮 (-wúmá) | 우〮마〮 (-wúmá) | Declarative | Promissive | Promissive | Promissive | 셔우〮마〮 (Yale: syèwúmá) |
| ㄴ (-n) | 다〮 (-tá) | 다〮 (-tá) | Interrogative | Realis | Obligatory for second-person (2P) subject | Obligatory for second-person (2P) subject | 션다〮 (Yale: syèntá) |
| ㄴ (-n) | 가〮 (-ka) | 가〮 (-ka) | Interrogative | Realis | Polar question, non-2P subject | Polar question, non-2P subject | 션가〮 (Yale: syènká) |
| ㄴ (-n) | 고〮 (-kwo) | 고〮 (-kwo) | Interrogative | Realis | Wh-word question, non-2P subject | Wh-word question, non-2P subject | 션고〮 (Yale: syènkwó) |
| ㅭ (-lq) | 다〮 (-tá) | 다〮 (-tá) | Interrogative | Irrealis | Obligatory for 2P subject | Obligatory for 2P subject | 셜따〮 (Yale: syèlttá) |
| ㅭ (-lq) | 가〮 (-ká) | 가〮 (-ká) | Interrogative | Irrealis | Polar question, non-2P subject | Polar question, non-2P subject | 셜까〮 (Yale: syèlkká) |
| ㅭ (-lq) | 고〮 (-kwó) | 고〮 (-kwó) | Interrogative | Irrealis | Wh-word question, non-2P subject | Wh-word question, non-2P subject | 셜꼬〮 (Yale: syèlkkwó) |
| 니〮 (-ní-) | | 아〮 (-Gá) | Interrogative | Realis | Non-honorific | Polar question | 셔니〮아〮 (Yale: syèníGá), 셔녀〮 (Yale: syènyé) |
| 니〮 (-ní-) | | 오〮 (-Gwó) | Interrogative | Realis | Non-honorific | Non-polar question | 셔니〮오〮 (Yale: syèníGwó), 셔뇨〮 (Yale: syènywó) |
| 니〮 (-ní-) | ㅅ (-s-) | 가〮 (-ká) | Interrogative | Realis | Deferential | No polarity distinction | 셔닛〮가〮 (Yale: syèníská) |
| 니〮 (-ní-) | ᅌᅵᆺ (-ngìs-) | 가〮 (-ká) | Interrogative | Realis | Highly deferential | No polarity distinction | 셔니〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèníngìská) |
| 리〮 (-lí-) | | 아〮 (-Gá) | Interrogative | Irrealis | Non-honorific | Polar question | 셔리〮아〮 (Yale: syèlíGá), 셔려〮 (Yale: syèlyé) |
| 리〮 (-lí-) | | 오〮 (-Gwó) | Interrogative | Irrealis | Non-honorific | Non-polar question | 셔리〮오〮 (Yale: syèlíGwó), 셔료〮 (Yale: syèlywó) |
| 리〮 (-lí-) | ㅅ (-s-) | 가〮 (-ká) | Interrogative | Irrealis | Deferential | No polarity distinction | 셔릿〮가〮 (Yale: syèlíská) |
| 리〮 (-lí-) | ᅌᅵᆺ (-ngìs-) | 가〮 (-ká) | Interrogative | Irrealis | Highly deferential | No polarity distinction | 셔리〮ᅌᅵᆺ가〮 (Yale: syèlíngìská) |
| | 라〮 (-lá) | 라〮 (-lá) | Imperative | Ordering | Non-honorific | Non-honorific | 셔라〮 (Yale: syèlá) |
| | 아〮쎠〮 (-ássyé) 어〮쎠〮 (-éssyé) | 아〮쎠〮 (-ássyé) 어〮쎠〮 (-éssyé) | Imperative | Ordering | Deferential | Deferential | 셔〮쎠〮 (Yale: syéssyé) |
| | 쇼〮셔〮 (-syósyé) | 쇼〮셔〮 (-syósyé) | Imperative | Ordering | Highly deferential | Highly deferential | 셔쇼〮셔〮 (Yale: syèsyósyé) |
| 고〮 (-kwó-) 오〮 (-Gwó-) | 라〮 (-lá) | 라〮 (-lá) | Imperative | Requesting | Non-honorific | Non-honorific | 셔고〮라〮 (Yale: syèkwólá) |
| 고〮 (-kwó-) 오〮 (-Gwó-) | 려〮 (-lyé) | 려〮 (-lyé) | Imperative | Requesting | Deferential | Deferential | 셔고〮려〮 (Yale: syèkwólyé) |
| 고〮 (-kwó-) 오〮 (-Gwó-) | ᅌᅵ (-ngì-) | 다〮 (-tá) | Imperative | Requesting | Highly deferential | Highly deferential | 셔고〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèkwóngìtá) |
| | 져〮 (-cyé) | 져〮 (-cyé) | Propositive | Plain | Plain | Plain | 셔져〮 (Yale: syècyé) |
| 사〮 (-sá-) | ᅌᅵ (-ngì-) | 다〮 (-tá) | Propositive | Deferential | Deferential | Deferential | 셔사〮ᅌᅵ다〮 (Yale: syèsángìtá) |
| ㄴ (-n) | 뎌〮 (-tyé) | 뎌〮 (-tyé) | Exclamatory | Self-honoring | Self-honoring | Self-honoring | 션뎌〮 (Yale: syèntyé) |
| ㅭ (-lq) | 셔〮 (-syé) | 셔〮 (-syé) | Exclamatory | Self-honoring | Self-honoring | Self-honoring | 셜쎠〮 (Yale: syèlssyé) |
| 고〮나〮 (-kwóná) | 고〮나〮 (-kwóná) | 고〮나〮 (-kwóná) | Exclamatory | Only sixteenth century | Only sixteenth century | Only sixteenth century | 셔고〮나〮 (Yale: syèkwóná) |
| Based on 나찬연 2020, 중세 국어의 이해; Lee and Ramsey 2011, History of the Korean Language. Morphological segmentation of the verbal paradigm sometimes differs between analyses. The list is not exhaustive. ||||||||

### References

* 1 2 Lee, Ki-Moon, Ramsey, S. Robert (2011) A History of the Korean Language, Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 145