# ϧⲱⲕⲓ
## Coptic
### Alternative forms

* ϩⲱⲱⲕⲉ (hōōke), ϩⲱⲱⲕ (hōōk), ϩⲱⲕⲉ (hōke), ϩⲱⲕ (hōk) — Sahidic, Lycopolitan
* ϩⲱⲕⲓ (hōki), ϧⲱⲕ (xōk) — Bohairic
* ⳉⲟⲩⲟⲩⲕ (xououk) — Akhmimic

### Verb

ϧⲱⲕⲓ • (xōki) (nominal state ϧⲉⲕ-, pronominal state ϧⲟⲕ⸗, stative ϧⲏⲕ)
* (Bohairic) to scrape, scratch
* (Bohairic) to shave, shear

#### Conjugation

| infinitive | affirmative | ϧⲱⲕⲓ xōki | imperative | affirmative | ϧⲱⲕⲓ xōki |
| infinitive | negative | ϣⲧⲉⲙϧⲱⲕⲓ štemxōki | imperative | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲣϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀perxōki |
| | | | singular | singular | singular | singular | singular | plural | plural | plural | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | 2nd person | 2nd person | 3rd person | 3rd person | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| | | | 1st person | masculine | feminine | masculine | feminine | 1st person | 2nd person | 3rd person | nominal |
| durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| present | basic | basic | ϯϧⲱⲕⲓ tixōki | ⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ kxōki | ⲧⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ texōki | ϥϧⲱⲕⲓ fxōki | ⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ sxōki | ⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ tenxōki | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ tetenxōki | ⲥⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ sexōki | ϧⲱⲕⲓ xōki |
| present | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ eixōki | ⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ ekxōki | ⲉⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ erexōki | ⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ efxōki | ⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ esxōki | ⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ enxōki | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ eretenxōki | ⲉⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ euxōki | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ ere- xōki |
| present | relative | relative | ⲉϯϧⲱⲕⲓ etixōki | ⲉⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ etekxōki | ⲉⲧⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ etexōki | ⲉⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ etefxōki | ⲉⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ etesxōki | ⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etenxōki | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etetenxōki | ⲉⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ etouxōki | ⲉⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ ete- xōki |
| present | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ naixōki | ⲛⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ nakxōki | ⲛⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ narexōki | ⲛⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ nafxōki | ⲛⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ nasxōki | ⲛⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ nanxōki | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ naretenxōki | ⲛⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ nauxōki | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ nare- xōki |
| present | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ aixōki | ⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ akxōki | ⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ arexōki | ⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ afxōki | ⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ asxōki | ⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ anxōki | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ aretenxōki | ⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ auxōki | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ are- xōki |
| future | basic | basic | ϯⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ tinaxōki | ⲭⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ khnaxōki | ⲧⲉⲣⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ teraxōki | ϥⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ fnaxōki | ⲥⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ snaxōki | ⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ tennaxōki | ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ tetennaxōki | ⲥⲉⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ senaxōki | ⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ naxōki |
| future | circumstantial | circumstantial | ⲉⲓⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ einaxōki | ⲉⲭⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ ekhnaxōki | ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ erenaxōki | ⲉϥⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ efnaxōki | ⲉⲥⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ esnaxōki | ⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ ennaxōki | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ eretennaxōki | ⲉⲩⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ eunaxōki | ⲉⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ ere- naxōki |
| future | relative | relative | ⲉϯⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ etinaxōki | ⲉⲧⲉⲭⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ etekhnaxōki | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ etenaxōki | ⲉⲧⲉϥⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ etefnaxōki | ⲉⲧⲉⲥⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ etesnaxōki | ⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ etennaxōki | ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ etetennaxōki | ⲉⲧⲟⲩⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ etounaxōki | ⲉⲧⲉ- ⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ ete- naxōki |
| future | preterite | preterite | ⲛⲁⲓⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ nainaxōki | ⲛⲁⲭⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ nakhnaxōki | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ narenaxōki | ⲛⲁϥⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ nafnaxōki | ⲛⲁⲥⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ nasnaxōki | ⲛⲁⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ nannaxōki | ⲛⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ naretennaxōki | ⲛⲁⲩⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ naunaxōki | ⲛⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ nare- naxōki |
| future | focalising | focalising | ⲁⲓⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ ainaxōki | ⲁⲭⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ akhnaxōki | ⲁⲣⲉⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ arenaxōki | ⲁϥⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ afnaxōki | ⲁⲥⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ asnaxōki | ⲁⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ annaxōki | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ aretennaxōki | ⲁⲩⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ aunaxōki | ⲁⲣⲉ- ⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ are- naxōki |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an | (ⲛ̀-) … ⲁⲛ (ǹ-) … an |
| non-durative sentence ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| past | basic | affirmative | ⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ aixōki | ⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ akxōki | ⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ arexōki | ⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ afxōki | ⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ asxōki | ⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ anxōki | ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ atetenxōki | ⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ auxōki | ⲁ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ a- xōki |
| past | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pixōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pekxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pexōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pefxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pesxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀penxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀petenxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pouxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pe- xōki |
| past | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ eaixōki | ⲉⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ eakxōki | ⲉⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ earexōki | ⲉⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ eafxōki | ⲉⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ easxōki | ⲉⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ eanxōki | ⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ eatetenxōki | ⲉⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ eauxōki | ⲉⲁ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ ea- xōki |
| past | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pixōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pekxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pexōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pefxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pesxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀penxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀petenxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pouxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pe- xōki |
| past | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ etaixōki | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ etakxōki | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ etarexōki | ⲉⲧⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ etafxōki | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ etasxōki | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etanxōki | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etaretenxōki | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ etauxōki | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ eta- xōki |
| past | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pixōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pekxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pexōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pefxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pesxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀penxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀petenxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pouxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pe- xōki |
| past | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲉⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ neaixōki | ⲛⲉⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ neakxōki | ⲛⲉⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ nearexōki | ⲛⲉⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ neafxōki | ⲛⲉⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ neasxōki | ⲛⲉⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ neanxōki | ⲛⲉⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ neatetenxōki | ⲛⲉⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ neauxōki | ⲛⲉⲁ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ nea- xōki |
| past | preterite | negative | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ nem̀pixōki | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ nem̀pekxōki | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ nem̀pexōki | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ nem̀pefxōki | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ nem̀pesxōki | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ nem̀penxōki | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ nem̀petenxōki | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ nem̀pouxōki | ⲛⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ nem̀pe- xōki |
| past | focalising, precursive | affirmative | ⲉⲧⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ etaixōki | ⲉⲧⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ etakxōki | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ etarexōki | ⲉⲧⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ etafxōki | ⲉⲧⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ etasxōki | ⲉⲧⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etanxōki | ⲉⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etaretenxōki | ⲉⲧⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ etauxōki | ⲉⲧⲁ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ eta- xōki |
| expectative | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀patixōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀patekxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀patexōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀patefxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀patesxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀patenxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀patetenxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀patouxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pate- xōki |
| expectative | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀patixōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀patekxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀patexōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀patefxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀patesxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀patenxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀patetenxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀patouxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pate- xōki |
| expectative | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀patixōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀patekxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀patexōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀patefxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀patesxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀patenxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀patetenxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀patouxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pate- xōki |
| expectative | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϯϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀patixōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀patekxōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀patexōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀patefxōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀patesxōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀patenxōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀patetenxōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀patouxōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀pate- xōki |
| aorist | basic | affirmative | ϣⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ šaixōki | ϣⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ šakxōki | ϣⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ šarexōki | ϣⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ šafxōki | ϣⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ šasxōki | ϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ šanxōki | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ šatetenxōki | ϣⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ šauxōki | ϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ šare- xōki |
| aorist | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀paixōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pakxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀parexōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pafxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pasxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀panxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀paretenxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pauxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀pare- xōki |
| aorist | circumstantial | affirmative | ⲉϣⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ ešaixōki | ⲉϣⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ ešakxōki | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ ešarexōki | ⲉϣⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ ešafxōki | ⲉϣⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ ešasxōki | ⲉϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ ešanxōki | ⲉϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ ešatetenxōki | ⲉϣⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ ešauxōki | ⲉϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ ešare- xōki |
| aorist | circumstantial | negative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀paixōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pakxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀parexōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pafxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pasxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀panxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀paretenxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pauxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pare- xōki |
| aorist | relative | affirmative | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ etšaixōki | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ etšakxōki | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ etšarexōki | ⲉⲧϣⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ etšafxōki | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ etšasxōki | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etšanxōki | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etšatetenxōki | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ etšauxōki | ⲉⲧϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ etšare- xōki |
| aorist | relative | negative | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀paixōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pakxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀parexōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pafxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pasxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀panxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀paretenxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pauxōki | ⲉⲧⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ etm̀pare- xōki |
| aorist | preterite | affirmative | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ našaixōki | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ našakxōki | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ našarexōki | ⲛⲁϣⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ našafxōki | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ našasxōki | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ našanxōki | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ našatetenxōki | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ našauxōki | ⲛⲁϣⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ našare- xōki |
| aorist | preterite | negative | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀paixōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀pakxōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀parexōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀pafxōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀pasxōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀panxōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀paretenxōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀pauxōki | ⲛⲁⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ nam̀pare- xōki |
| aorist | focalising | affirmative | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀paixōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pakxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀parexōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pafxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pasxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀panxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀paretenxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pauxōki | ⲉⲙ̀ⲡⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ em̀pare- xōki |
| optative | basic | affirmative | ⲉⲓⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ eiexōki | ⲉⲕⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ ekexōki | ⲉⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ erexōki | ⲉϥⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ efexōki | ⲉⲥⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ esexōki | ⲉⲛⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ enexōki | ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ eretenexōki | ⲉⲩⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ euexōki | ⲉⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ ere- xōki |
| optative | basic | negative | ⲛ̀ⲛⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹnaxōki | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹnekxōki | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹnexōki | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹnefxōki | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹnesxōki | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹnenxōki | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹnetenxōki | ⲛ̀ⲛⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹnouxōki | ⲛ̀ⲛⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹne- xōki |
| jussive | basic | affirmative | ⲙⲁⲣⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ marixōki | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ marefxōki | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ maresxōki | ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ marenxōki | (use imperative) | ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ marouxōki | ⲙⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ mare- xōki |
| jussive | basic | negative | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀penthrixōki | (use imperative) | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀penthrefxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀penthresxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀penthrenxōki | (use imperative) | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀penthreuxōki | ⲙ̀ⲡⲉⲛⲑⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ m̀penthre- xōki |
| subordinate clause ||||||||||||
| | | | ⲁⲛⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲕ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟϥ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲟⲥ | ⲁⲛⲟⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲧⲉⲛ | ⲛ̀ⲑⲱⲟⲩ | - |
| conjunctive | conjunctive | conjunctive | ⲛ̀ⲧⲁϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹtaxōki | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹtekxōki | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹtexōki | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹtefxōki | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹtesxōki | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹtenxōki | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹtetenxōki | ⲛ̀ⲥⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ, ⲛ̀ⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹsexōki, ǹtouxōki | ⲛ̀ⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ ǹte- xōki |
| future conjunctive | future conjunctive | future conjunctive | ⲧⲁⲣⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ tarixōki | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ tarekxōki | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ tarexōki | ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ tarefxōki | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ taresxōki | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ tarenxōki | ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ taretenxōki | ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ tarouxōki | ⲧⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ tare- xōki |
| limitative | limitative | limitative | ϣⲁϯϧⲱⲕⲓ šatixōki | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ šatekxōki | ϣⲁⲧⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ šatexōki | ϣⲁⲧⲉϥϧⲱⲕⲓ šatefxōki | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ šatesxōki | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ šatenxōki | ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ šatetenxōki | ϣⲁⲧⲟⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ šatouxōki | ϣⲁⲧⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ šate- xōki |
| conditional | long | long | ⲁⲓϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ aišanxōki | ⲁⲕϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ akšanxōki | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ arešanxōki | ⲁϥϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ afšanxōki | ⲁⲥϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ asšanxōki | ⲁⲛϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ anšanxōki | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ aretenšanxōki | ⲁⲩϣⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ aušanxōki | ⲁⲣⲉϣⲁⲛ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ arešan- xōki |
| conditional | short | short | ⲁⲓϧⲱⲕⲓ aixōki | ⲁⲕϧⲱⲕⲓ akxōki | ⲁⲣⲉϧⲱⲕⲓ arexōki | ⲁϥϧⲱⲕⲓ afxōki | ⲁⲥϧⲱⲕⲓ asxōki | ⲁⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ anxōki | ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲉⲛϧⲱⲕⲓ aretenxōki | ⲁⲩϧⲱⲕⲓ auxōki | ⲁⲣⲉ- ϧⲱⲕⲓ are- xōki |
| negated with | negated with | negated with | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- | ϣⲧⲉⲙ- štem- |

### References

* Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, pages 662, 663
* Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 206
* TLA lemma no. C6482 (ϧⲱⲕⲓ), in: Coptic Dictionary Online, ed. by the Koptische/Coptic Electronic Language and Literature International Alliance (KELLIA),