# -iş
## Azerbaijani
### Etymology 1

Cognate with Uyghur -ىش (-ish).

#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iʃ/

#### Suffix

-iş
* Suffix creating nouns from verbs.
    ‎axtarmaq (“to search”) + ‎-ış → ‎axtarış (“search”)
    ‎satmaq (“to sell”) + ‎-ış → ‎satış (“sale”)
    ‎oyanmaq (“to awake”) + ‎-ış → ‎oyanış (“awakening”)
    ‎girmək (“to enter”) + ‎-iş → ‎giriş (“entrance”)
    ‎getmək (“to walk, to travel”) + ‎-iş → ‎gediş (“journey”)
    ‎uçmaq (“to fly”) + ‎-uş → ‎uçuş (“flight”)
    ‎udmaq (“to win”) + ‎-uş → ‎uduş (“win, gain”)
    ‎gülmək (“to laugh”) + ‎-üş → ‎gülüş (“laughter”)
    ‎görmək (“to see”) + ‎-üş → ‎görüş (“meeting, encounter”)
    ‎söymək (“to curse, to scold”) + ‎-üş → ‎söyüş (“curse, foul language”)
    ‎yaşamaq (“to live”) + ‎-yış → ‎yaşayış
    ‎anlamaq (“to understand”) + ‎-yış → ‎anlayış

##### Usage notes

A notable irregularity is yürümək, taking -ş:
    ‎yürümək (“to go”) + ‎-ş → ‎yürüş (“march”)

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2
#### Pronunciation

* IPA: /iʃ/

#### Suffix

-iş
* Reciprocative suffix.
    ‎baxmaq + ‎-iş → ‎baxışmaq
    ‎bitmək + ‎-iş → ‎bitişmək
    ‎çəkmək + ‎-iş → ‎çəkişmək
    ‎vurmaq (“to hit, punch”) + ‎-iş → ‎vuruşmaq (“to battle, fight”)
    ‎döymək (“to beat”) + ‎-iş → ‎döyüşmək (“to fight, combat”)
    ‎yürümək + ‎-ş → ‎yürüşmək
    ‎tanımaq + ‎-ş → ‎tanışmaq

##### Usage notes

Verbs with monosyllabic vowel-ending stems generally take a y before the suffixes -il, -in, or -iş:
    ‎demək (“to say”) + ‎-iş → ‎deyişmək (“to argue”)

##### Derived terms
### References

* ↑ Şirəliyev, Məmmədağa, Sevortyan, Ervand (1971) “-iş”, in Grammatika azerbajdžanskovo jazyka. Fonetika, morfologija i sintaksis. [Grammar of Azerbaijani language. Phonetics, morphology, syntax.], Baku: Elm, page 54.
* ↑ Şirəliyev, Məmmədağa, Sevortyan, Ervand (1971) “-iş”, in Grammatika azerbajdžanskovo jazyka. Fonetika, morfologija i sintaksis. [Grammar of Azerbaijani language. Phonetics, morphology, syntax.], Baku: Elm, page 96.

## Crimean Tatar
### Etymology

From Proto-Turkic *-iĺč.

### Suffix

-iş
* Derived reciprocal forms of verbs.
    ‎tapmaq (“to find”) + ‎-ış → ‎tapışmaq (“to find each other”)

## Turkish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈiʃ/

### Etymology 1

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـش (-iş), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـش (iş), from Proto-Turkic *-iĺ.

#### Suffix

-iş (noun-forming suffixes)
* Derives nouns from verbs.
    ‎bakmak (“to look”) + ‎-ış → ‎bakış (“look”)
    ‎inmek (“to land”) + ‎-iş → ‎iniş (“landing”)
    ‎görmek (“to see”) + ‎-üş → ‎görüş (“sight”)

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 2

Inherited from Ottoman Turkish ـش (-iş), from Old Anatolian Turkish ـش (-iş), from Proto-Turkic *-iĺč.

#### Suffix

-iş
* Derived reciprocal forms of verbs.
    ‎bakmak (“to look”) + ‎-ış → ‎bakışmak (“to look at each other”)
    ‎sevmek (“to like, love”) + ‎-iş → ‎sevişmek (“to make love”)

##### Derived terms
### Etymology 3

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

#### Suffix

-iş
* A suffix forming terms of endearment.
    ‎kedi (“cat”) + ‎-ş → ‎kediş (“kitty”)

##### Usage notes

* Stritcly speaking, -iş doesn't adhere to a vowel harmony rule and the variant that will give the euphonious result is chosen almost arbitrarily. Tatlış and tatliş (from tatlı) coexist. For some given names there are multiple affectionate alternative forms ending in -oş, -iş, -üş, etc.