OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# buscaria
## Catalan
### Pronunciation

* IPA: (Central, Balearic) [bus.kəˈɾi.ə]
* IPA: (Valencia) [bus.kaˈɾi.a]

### Verb

buscaria
* first/third-person singular conditional of buscar

## Galician
### Verb

buscaria
* (reintegrationist norm) first/third-person singular conditional of buscar

## Portuguese
### Verb

buscaria
* first/third-person singular conditional of buscar
# co-evolve
## English
### Etymology

From co- +‎ evolve.

### Verb

co-evolve (third-person singular simple present co-evolves, present participle co-evolving, simple past and past participle co-evolved)
* To evolve together.
# brunns
## Icelandic
### Noun

brunns
* indefinite genitive singular of brunnur

## Old Norse
### Noun

brunns
* indefinite genitive singular of bruðr
* indefinite genitive singular of brunnr

## Swedish
### Noun

brunns
* indefinite genitive singular of brunn
# Natriumhyperoxid
## German
### Etymology

Natrium +‎ Hyperoxid

### Noun

Natriumhyperoxid n (strong, genitive Natriumhyperoxids, no plural)
* (inorganic chemistry) sodium hyperoxide
# compilassem
## Galician
### Verb

compilassem
* (reintegrationist norm) third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of compilar

## Latin
### Verb

compīlāssem
* first-person singular pluperfect active subjunctive of compīlō

## Portuguese
### Verb

compilassem
* third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of compilar
# colpá
## Spanish
### Verb

colpá
* second-person singular voseo imperative of colpar
# chucharía
## Galician
### Verb

chucharía
* first/third-person singular conditional of chuchar
# contornarci
## Italian
### Verb

contornarci
* first-person plural infinitive of contornarsi
# bumbledoms
## English
### Noun

bumbledoms
* plural of bumbledom
# co-exist
## English
### Verb

co-exist (third-person singular simple present co-exists, present participle co-existing, simple past and past participle co-existed)
* (UK) Alternative spelling of coexist
** 2020 November 18, Mike Brown tells Paul Stephen, “I wasn't going to let the Mayor down”, in Rail, page 42:Learning to co-exist with this new virus, and then to eventually defeat it, is sorely testing the character and determination of humanity as a whole.

### Anagrams

* coxiest, coxites, exotics
# Nußbach
## German
### Proper noun

Nußbach n (proper noun, genitive Nußbachs or (optionally with an article) Nußbach)
* A municipality of Upper Austria, Austria
* A municipality of Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany
* Măieruș, Romania.
# brunnshålet
## Swedish
### Noun

brunnshålet
* definite singular of brunnshål
# compilaseis
## Spanish
### Verb

compilaseis
* second-person plural imperfect subjunctive of compilar
# Gt. Brit.
## English
### Proper noun

Gt. Brit.
* Abbreviation of Great Britain.
# contornaras
## Portuguese
### Verb

contornaras
* second-person singular pluperfect indicative of contornar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kontoɾˈnaɾas/ [kõn̪.t̪oɾˈna.ɾas]
* Rhymes: -aɾas
* Syllabification: con‧tor‧na‧ras

### Verb

contornaras
* second-person singular imperfect subjunctive of contornar
# coltivo
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kolˈti.vo/
* Rhymes: -ivo
* Hyphenation: col‧tì‧vo

### Etymology 1

Borrowed from Medieval Latin cultīvus, derived from Latin cultus, perfect passive participle of colō (“to cultivate”).

#### Adjective

coltivo (feminine coltiva, masculine plural coltivi, feminine plural coltive)
* cultivated
    Synonym: coltivato
* under cultivation

#### Noun

coltivo m (plural coltivi)
* cultivated field
    una malerba che infesta i coltivi ― a weed infesting the fields

##### Related terms

* coltivare
* colto

### Etymology 2

From Medieval Latin cultīvō.

#### Verb

coltivo
* first-person singular present indicative of coltivare
# cibazioni
## Italian
### Noun

cibazioni f
* plural of cibazione
# co-existed
## English
### Alternative forms

* coexisted (US)
* coëxisted

### Verb

co-existed
* simple past and past participle of co-exist

### Anagrams

* exit codes
# Nußbaums
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Nußbaums
* genitive singular of Nußbaum
# brunnskar
## Swedish
### Etymology

Compound of brunn +‎ -s- +‎ kar.

### Noun

brunnskar n
* well curb

#### Declension
### Further reading

* brunnskar in Svenska Akademiens ordböcker
# comprenderint
## Latin
### Verb

comprēnderint
* inflection of comprēndō:
** third-person plural future perfect active indicative
** third-person plural perfect active subjunctive
# Gspusi
## German
### Etymology

Borrowed from Italian sposo. Compare Alemannic German Gspuusi. Doublet of Gespons.

### Pronunciation

* (standard) IPA: /ˈkʃpuːzi/
* (Austria) IPA: /ˈkʃpuːsi/
* This entry needs an audio pronunciation. If you are a native speaker with a microphone, please record this word. The recorded pronunciation will appear here when it's ready.

### Noun

Gspusi n (strong, genitive Gspusis, plural Gspusis) (colloquial, chiefly Austria, Bavaria)
* (semi-secret) romantic relationship, affair
    Synonyms: Liebschaft, Verhältnis, Techtelmechtel
** 2016, Ernst Obermaier, Tödliches Asyl: Kriminalroman, Gmeiner-Verlag, →ISBN:»Hast du jetzt in Bayern ein Gspusi? So sagt man doch dort?« »Kein Gspusi! Noch nicht! Aber was nicht ist, kann noch werden.« Eine Fernbeziehung Berlin – München passte überhaupt nicht zu ihrer Lebensplanung.»Have you got a "Gspusi" in Bavaria now? That's how they say it there, right?« »No such thing! Not yet! But what is not, may yet be.« A long-distance relationship Berlin - Munich did not at all fit into her life planning.
* lover
    Synonyms: Geliebter, Liebhaber
** 2013, Gunter Bakay, Philippine Welser: Eine geheimnisvolle Frau und ihre Zeit, Haymon Verlag, →ISBN:Ob das Schloss ihr Eigentum war (was zumindest ihre abgabepflichtigen Untertanen sicherlich wussten) oder ob sie sich nur so hier herumtrieb: Sie war das Gspusi des Landesfürsten und damit basta.If the castle was her property (her tax-paying subjects at least would have surely known) or if she just gadded around the place: She was the prince's lover and that is it.

#### Declension
### Further reading

* “Gspusi” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Gspusi” in Duden online
# contornara
## Portuguese
### Verb

contornara
* first/third-person singular pluperfect indicative of contornar

## Spanish
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /kontoɾˈnaɾa/ [kõn̪.t̪oɾˈna.ɾa]
* Rhymes: -aɾa
* Syllabification: con‧tor‧na‧ra

### Verb

contornara
* first/third-person singular imperfect subjunctive of contornar
# Masturbatioun
## Luxembourgish
### Noun

Masturbatioun f (uncountable)
* masturbation
# buxinho
## Portuguese
### Pronunciation

* (Brazil) IPA: /buˈʃĩ.ɲu/ [buˈʃĩ.j̃u]
* (Brazil) IPA: /buˈʃĩ.ɲu/ [buˈʃĩ.j̃u]
** (Southern Brazil) IPA: /buˈʃi.ɲo/
* (Portugal) IPA: /buˈʃi.ɲu/

### Noun

buxinho m (plural buxinhos)
* common box (Buxus sempervirens, a species of box tree)
    Synonym: buxo anão
# clarté
## French
### Etymology

From Old French, borrowed from Latin clāritātem.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /klaʁ.te/
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

clarté f (plural clartés)
* light, illumination
* clarity

#### Related terms

* clair

### Further reading

* “clarté”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.

### Anagrams

* cartel, rectal, tacler

## Middle French
### Etymology

Old French, borrowed from Latin clāritās, clāritātem.

### Noun

clarté f (plural clartez)
* clarity; clearness

## Old French
### Etymology

Borrowed from Latin clāritās, clāritātem.

### Noun

clarté oblique singular, f (oblique plural clartez, nominative singular clarté, nominative plural clartez)
* clarity; clearness
** c. 1180, Chrétien de Troyes, Lancelot ou le Chevalier de la charrette:Tortices, grosses et ardanz, Que la clartez estoit molt granz.(please add an English translation of this quotation)

#### Related terms

* cler

#### Descendants

* English: clarity
* French: clarté
# conclavists
## English
### Noun

conclavists
* plural of conclavist
# Guǎnzǐ
## Mandarin
### Romanization

Guǎnzǐ (Zhuyin ㄍㄨㄢˇ ㄗˇ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 管子
# comprenderia
## Portuguese
### Verb

comprenderia
* first/third-person singular conditional of comprender
# chispando
## Portuguese
### Verb

chispando
* gerund of chispar

## Spanish
### Verb

chispando
* only used in se ... chispando, syntactic variant of chispándose, gerund of chisparse
# contornaran
## Spanish
### Verb

contornaran
* third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of contornar
# Mastusia
## Latin
### Etymology

Borrowed from Ancient Greek Μαστουσία (Mastousía).

### Pronunciation

* (Classical Latin) IPA: /masˈtuː.si.a/, [mäs̠ˈt̪uːs̠iä]
* (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA: /masˈtu.si.a/, [mäsˈt̪uːs̬iä]

### Proper noun

Mastūsia f sg (genitive Mastūsiae); first declension
* A promontory of Chersonesus
* A mountain situated near Smyrna

#### Declension

First-declension noun, singular only.
| Case | Singular |
| Nominative | Mastūsia |
| Genitive | Mastūsiae |
| Dative | Mastūsiae |
| Accusative | Mastūsiam |
| Ablative | Mastūsiā |
| Vocative | Mastūsia |

### References

* Mastusia in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
* “Mastusia”, in William Smith, editor (1854, 1857), A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography, volume 1 & 2, London: Walton and Maberly
# cimbala
## Old English
### Noun

cimbala m
* Alternative form of cimbal
# cachend
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Participle

cachend
* present participle of cachen
# concloent
## Catalan
### Verb

concloent
* gerund of concloure
# budae jjigae
## English
### Etymology

From Korean 부대(部隊)찌개 (budaejjigae).

### Noun

budae jjigae
* A jjigae (Korean stew) made with various American ingredients.
# conceptualitzàveu
## Catalan
### Verb

conceptualitzàveu
* second-person plural imperfect indicative of conceptualitzar
# chrika
## Garo
### Verb

chrika
* to shout, to scold
# contornardes
## Portuguese
### Verb

contornardes
* inflection of contornar:
** second-person plural future subjunctive
** second-person plural personal infinitive
# chénzhàng
## Mandarin
### Romanization

chénzhàng (Zhuyin ㄔㄣˊ ㄓㄤˋ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 陳賬／陈账
# Masturbation
## German
### Pronunciation

* IPA: [mastʊʁbaˈtsi̯oːn]
* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Masturbation f (genitive Masturbation, plural Masturbationen)
* masturbation
    Synonyms: Onanie f, Selbstbefriedigung f, Sünde der Affen f

#### Related terms

* masturbatorisch
* masturbieren

### Further reading

* “Masturbation” in Digitales Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
* “Masturbation” in Uni Leipzig: Wortschatz-Lexikon
* “Masturbation” in Duden online
# concloem
## Catalan
### Verb

concloem
* first-person plural present indicative of concloure
# cachent
## French
### Verb

cachent
* third-person plural present indicative/subjunctive of cacher

## Norman
### Verb

cachent
* third-person plural present indicative of cachi
* third-person plural present subjunctive of cachi
# brotherman
## English
### Etymology

From brother +‎ man.

### Pronunciation

* Audio (US):(file)

### Noun

brotherman (plural brothermen)
* (African-American Vernacular, mostly as a term of address used for a friend or stranger) A man.
** 1985, Odie Hawkins, Busting Out of an Ordinary Man, page 129:Action, brotherman! Action is what we need! Direct, coldblooded action!

#### See also

* sistergirl
# Nolanverse
## English
### Etymology

From Nolan +‎ -verse, after Christopher Nolan, the director of the films.

### Proper noun

Nolanverse
* (fandom slang) The fictional universe of the Batman film trilogy directed by Christopher Nolan: Batman Begins (2005), The Dark Knight (2008) and The Dark Knight Rises (2012).

#### Hypernyms

* Batmanverse
* DCverse
# chrysenequinone
## English
### Noun

chrysenequinone (plural chrysenequinones)
* (organic chemistry) Any quinone derived from chrysene, but especially 1,4-chrysenequinone or 5,6-chrysenequinone
# Pratte
## English
### Proper noun

Pratte (plural Prattes)
* A surname.

#### Statistics

* According to the 2010 United States Census, Pratte is the 26492nd most common surname in the United States, belonging to 921 individuals. Pratte is most common among White (93.27%) individuals.

### Anagrams

* p'tater, patter
# Hòutáng
## Mandarin
### Romanization

Hòutáng (Zhuyin ㄏㄡˋ ㄊㄤˊ)
* Hanyu Pinyin reading of 後唐／后唐
# Middlebourne
## English
### Etymology

From middle +‎ bourne.

### Proper noun

Middlebourne
* An unincorporated community in Guernsey County, Ohio, United States.
* A town, the county seat of Tyler County, West Virginia, United States.
# conclavistes
## French
### Noun

conclavistes m pl or f pl
* plural of conclaviste
# circunnavegaras
## Spanish
### Verb

circunnavegaras
* second-person singular imperfect subjunctive of circunnavegar
# Heard Island and McDonald Islands
## English
### Proper noun

Heard Island and McDonald Islands
* An Australian external territory and volcanic group of uninhabited Antarctic islands, between Madagascar and Antarctica.
# Nolcini
## Italian
### Proper noun

Nolcini m or f by sense
* a surname

### Anagrams

* inclino, inclinò, lincino
# brocardo
## Italian
### Etymology

Probably from the name of canon lawyer Burchardus, also known as Brocardo in Italian.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: /broˈkar.do/
* Rhymes: -ardo
* Hyphenation: bro‧càr‧do

### Noun

brocardo m (plural brocardi)
* an ancient legal maxim (or saying), concise and clear, mostly of latin tradition, for example: lex dura, sed lex
# contextualitzaven
## Catalan
### Verb

contextualitzaven
* third-person plural imperfect indicative of contextualitzar
# Instabilitäten
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Instabilitäten
* plural of Instabilität
# capissuntur
## Latin
### Verb

capissuntur
* third-person plural present passive indicative of capissō
# cedob
## Volapük
### Verb

cedob
* first-person singular present active indicative of cedön
# circunnavegaran
## Spanish
### Verb

circunnavegaran
* third-person plural imperfect subjunctive of circunnavegar
# Hartmann's procedure
## English
### Etymology

First described in 1921 by French surgeon Henri Albert Hartmann.

### Noun

Hartmann's procedure (plural Hartmann's procedures)
* (surgery) proctosigmoidectomy
# Nigrum
## Latin
### Proper noun

Nigrum
* genitive plural of Niger
# britisches
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

britisches
* strong/mixed nominative/accusative neuter singular of britisch
# contextualitzen
## Catalan
### Verb

contextualitzen
* third-person plural present indicative of contextualitzar
# Hosenanzugs
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Noun

Hosenanzugs
* genitive singular of Hosenanzug
# caracoleriez
## French
### Verb

caracoleriez
* second-person plural conditional of caracoler
# cedole
## Italian
### Pronunciation

* IPA: /ˈt͡ʃɛ.do.le/
* Rhymes: -ɛdole
* Hyphenation: cè‧do‧le

### Noun

cedole f
* plural of cedola
# Kilgerran
## English
### Proper noun

Kilgerran
* Alternative form of Cilgerran, Pembrokeshire, Wales (older spelling).
# Haníbal
## Portuguese
### Proper noun

Haníbal m
* Alternative form of Aníbal
# Nigéarach
## Irish
### Etymology

From An Nigéir (“Nigeria”) +‎ -ach (adjectival suffix).

### Adjective

Nigéarach (genitive singular masculine Nigéaraigh, genitive singular feminine Nigéaraí, plural Nigéaracha, not comparable)
* Nigerian

#### Declension

| | Singular | Singular | Plural (m/f) | Plural (m/f) |
| Positive | Masculine | Feminine | (strong noun) | (weak noun) |
| Nominative | Nigéarach | Nigéarach | Nigéaracha | Nigéaracha |
| Vocative | Nigéaraigh | Nigéarach | Nigéaracha | Nigéaracha |
| Genitive | Nigéaraigh | Nigéaraí | Nigéaracha | Nigéarach |
| Dative | Nigéarach | Nigéarach; Nigéaraigh (archaic) | Nigéaracha | Nigéaracha |
| Comparative | níos Nigéaraí | níos Nigéaraí | níos Nigéaraí | níos Nigéaraí |
| Superlative | is Nigéaraí | is Nigéaraí | is Nigéaraí | is Nigéaraí |

#### Related terms

* Poblacht Chónaidhme na Nigéire (“the Federal Republic of Nigeria”)

### Noun

Nigéarach m (genitive singular Nigéaraigh, nominative plural Nigéaraigh)
* Nigerian person

#### Declension

First declension

### Further reading

* Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “Nigéarach”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
* “Nigéarach”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024
# britischeres
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

britischeres
* strong/mixed nominative/accusative neuter singular comparative degree of britisch
# business law
## English
### Noun

business law (uncountable)
* (law) All the law that governs commercial infrastructure and interactions, including contracts, intellectual property, employment law, and corporate law.

#### See also

* company law
* trade law
# contextualitzes
## Catalan
### Verb

contextualitzes
* second-person singular present indicative of contextualitzar
# caracoleras
## French
### Verb

caracoleras
* second-person singular simple future of caracoler

## Spanish
### Adjective

caracoleras f pl
* feminine plural of caracolero

### Noun

caracoleras f pl
* plural of caracolera
# cauteriaratis
## Latin
### Verb

cautēriārātis
* second-person plural pluperfect active indicative of cautēriō
# cacaturitote
## Latin
### Verb

cacāturītōte
* second-person plural future active imperative of cacāturiō
# Hanôver
## Portuguese
### Etymology

From German Hanover, meaning "on the higher ridge," from Middle Low German hoch (“high”) (from Old Saxon hoh) + over (“edge, shore”).

### Proper noun

Hanôver f
* Hanover (a city, the state capital of Lower Saxony, Germany)

### Proper noun

Hanôver m pl
* Hanover (British royal family)
# Möbius groups
## English
### Noun

Möbius groups
* plural of Möbius group
# britischeren
## German
### Pronunciation

* Audio:(file)

### Adjective

britischeren
* inflection of britisch:
** strong genitive masculine/neuter singular comparative degree
** weak/mixed genitive/dative all-gender singular comparative degree
** strong/weak/mixed accusative masculine singular comparative degree
** strong dative plural comparative degree
** weak/mixed all-case plural comparative degree
# circinatam
## Latin
### Participle

circinātam
* accusative feminine singular of circinātus
# contextualitzaves
## Catalan
### Verb

contextualitzaves
* second-person singular imperfect indicative of contextualitzar
# caracolerez
## French
### Pronunciation

* Homophone: caracolerai

### Verb

caracolerez
* second-person plural simple future of caracoler
# Norquists
## English
### Proper noun

Norquists
* plural of Norquist
# clarificastes
## Portuguese
### Verb

clarificastes
* second-person plural preterite indicative of clarificar
# Hanóver
## Spanish
### Etymology

Borrowed from German Hanover, meaning "on the higher ridge," from Middle Low German hoch (“high”) (from Old Saxon hoh) + over (“edge, shore”).

### Proper noun

Hanóver m
* Hanover, Hannover
# casernerai
## French
### Pronunciation

* Homophone: casernerez

### Verb

casernerai
* first-person singular simple future of caserner
# chorographies
## English
### Noun

chorographies
* plural of chorography

## French
### Noun

chorographies f
* plural of chorographie
# circinated
## English
### Adjective

circinated (not comparable)
* Alternative form of circinate
# ciclizzerebbe
## Italian
### Verb

ciclizzerebbe
* third-person singular conditional of ciclizzare
# commaculaveramus
## Latin
### Verb

commaculāverāmus
* first-person plural pluperfect active indicative of commaculō
# Norra Kuningriik
## Estonian
### Proper noun

Norra Kuningriik
* The Kingdom of Norway
# clarificat
## Latin
### Verb

clārificat
* third-person singular present active indicative of clārificō

## Romanian
### Etymology

Past participle of clarifica.

### Pronunciation

* IPA: [klarifiˈkat]

### Adjective

clarificat m or n (feminine singular clarificată, masculine plural clarificați, feminine and neuter plural clarificate)
* clarified

#### Declension
### Verb

clarificat (past participle of clarifica)
* past participle of clarifica

### References

* clarificat in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN
# choosier
## English
### Adjective

choosier
* comparative form of choosy: more choosy

### Anagrams

* isochore
# conclamáramos
## Portuguese
### Verb

conclamáramos
* first-person plural pluperfect indicative of conclamar
# choroi
## Japanese
### Romanization

choroi
* Rōmaji transcription of ちょろい
* Rōmaji transcription of チョロい
# bygdegårdarnas
## Swedish
### Noun

bygdegårdarnas
* definite genitive plural of bygdegård
# coltiverà
## Italian
### Verb

coltiverà
* third-person singular future of coltivare

### Anagrams

* coltivare, volatrice, vorticale
# contentáis
## Spanish
### Verb

contentáis
* second-person plural present indicative of contentar
# concernebam
## Latin
### Verb

concernēbam
* first-person singular imperfect active indicative of concernō
# clodoches
## French
### Noun

clodoches m
* plural of clodoche
# chooses one's battles
## English
### Verb

chooses one's battles
* third-person singular simple present indicative of choose one's battles
# comprimeront
## French
### Verb

comprimeront
* third-person plural simple future of comprimer

### Anagrams

* compromirent
# chocolate cakes
## English
### Noun

chocolate cakes
* plural of chocolate cake
# bytt om
## Swedish
### Verb

bytt om
* supine of byta om
# colobra de mar
## Catalan
### Noun

colobra de mar f (plural colobres de mar)
* serpent eel (Ophisurus serpens)
    Synonym: serp de mar
# concernasses
## French
### Verb

concernasses
* second-person singular imperfect subjunctive of concerner
# contentándola
## Spanish
### Verb

contentándola
* gerund of contentar combined with la
# climbing gym
## English
### Noun

climbing gym (plural climbing gyms)
* (climbing) An artificial climbing wall.
* (climbing) A building used for climbing, which includes such artificial climbing walls.
# buairidhean
## Scottish Gaelic
### Noun

buairidhean m pl
* plural of buaireadh
# comprimerete
## Italian
### Verb

comprimerete
* second-person plural future of comprimere

### Anagrams

* crepiteremmo
# chocolate branco
## Portuguese
### Noun

chocolate branco m (plural chocolates brancos)
* white chocolate (sweet made from cocoa butter)
# by hook and by crook
## English
### Pronunciation

* (Received Pronunciation, General American) IPA: /baɪ ˈhʊk‿n̩ baɪ ˈkɹʊk/
* Rhymes: -ʊk

### Prepositional phrase

by hook and by crook
* Alternative form of by hook or by crook
** 1820 March 5, Geoffrey Crayon [pseudonym; Washington Irving], “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow”, in The Sketch Book of Geoffrey Crayon, Gent., number VI, New York, N.Y.: […] C[ornelius] S. Van Winkle, […], →OCLC, pages 62–63:Thus, by diverse little make shifts, in that ingenious way which is commonly denominated "by hook and by crook," the worthy pedagogue got on tolerably enough, and was thought, by all those who undersood nothing of the labour of headwork, to have a wonderful easy life of it.
** 1852 March – 1853 September, Charles Dickens, “Closing In”, in Bleak House, London: Bradbury and Evans, […], published 1853, →OCLC, page 469:In these fields of Mr. Tulkinghorn's inhabiting, where the shepherds play on Chancery pipes that have no stop, and keep their sheep in the fold by hook and by crook until they have shorn them exceeding close, every noise is merged, this moonlight night, into a distant ringing hum, as if the city were a vast glass, vibrating.
** 1936 August, Ernest Hemingway, “The Snows of Kilimanjaro”, in The Fifth Column and the First Forty-Nine Stories, New York, N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, published 14 October 1938, →OCLC, page 158:He had destroyed his talent by not using it, by betrayals of himself and what he believed in, by drinking so much that he blunted the edge of his perceptions, by laziness, by sloth, and by snobbery, by pride and by prejudice, by hook and by crook.

### Further reading

* “by hook or (also and) by crook, phrase” under “hook, n.$^1$”, in OED Online ⁠, Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press, March 2024.