# National parks in Spain

Spain boasts 16 national parks, each offering a unique blend of breathtaking scenery, wildlife conservation, and opportunities for outdoor enthusiasts to explore its diverse ecosystems. It also has several UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves and UNESCO Global Geoparks Network

## Understand

Spain is blessed with a diverse range of natural landscapes, each protected and celebrated within its network of exquisite national parks. From soaring mountains to serene coastlines, these parks offer a haven for nature enthusiasts and adventurers alike. Lace up your hiking boots, grab your camera, and immerse yourself in the stunning beauty of Spain's national parks.
Whether you seek outdoor adventure, serene landscapes, or unique flora and fauna, Spain's national parks offer an array of experiences that capture the essence of this diverse and captivating country. Remember to respect the environment and adhere to park regulations to ensure these natural treasures endure for generations to come.

### History

Spain boasts a rich history of national parks that stretches back to the early 20th century. The country's first national park, Picos de Europa, was designated in 1918, setting a precedent for the conservation of its stunning natural landscapes. However, it wasn't until 1954 that the National Parks Law was enacted, establishing a framework for the creation and protection of these pristine areas.
In the subsequent decades, Spain expanded its national park network to encompass diverse ecosystems. Ordesa y Monte Perdido, established in 1918, was later incorporated into the Ordesa-Viñamala Biosphere Reserve, showcasing the country's commitment to preserving both biodiversity and cultural heritage.
The Canary Islands, with their unique flora and volcanic landscapes, saw the creation of Garajonay National Park in 1981, emphasizing Spain's dedication to safeguarding its extraordinary natural treasures.
Today, these parks stand as testament to Spain's commitment to environmental preservation and the celebration of its natural beauty.

## Mainland & Balearic islands

42.5772220.9477781 Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici National Park In Lleida in the heart of the Pyrenees this Park is a tapestry of crystal-clear lakes, verdant valleys, and rocky summits. Embark on trails that lead to secluded lakeshores or challenge yourself with high-altitude routes.
39.1583332.9666672 Cabrera National Park
Off the coast of Mallorca this Park boasts crystal-clear waters, underwater caves, and a rich maritime history. Explore the seabed through snorkeling or diving, and discover the remnants of a Napoleonic-era fortress.
39.396389-4.4872223 Cabañeros National Park is a natural haven brimming with diverse ecosystems. Spanning lush woodlands, meadows, and rugged hills, the park offers a sanctuary for an array of wildlife, including Iberian lynxes and imperial eagles. Its intricate hiking trails beckon adventurers to explore the enchanting landscapes, from dense forests of cork oak to pristine river valleys. Immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of biodiversity and untamed beauty that defines it .
37.02-6.444 Doñana National and Natural Park
Spanning marshes, dunes, and woodlands, Doñana National Park in Huelva, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is a critical stopover for migratory birds. Birdwatchers will be in their element here, spotting species like flamingos and Spanish imperial eagles. The park's pristine beaches and shifting landscapes create a haven for biodiversity.
42.380556-8.9333335 Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park Located off the northwestern coast of Spain, in Galicia, the Park is a maritime haven of lush landscapes and diverse marine life and offers a tapestry of unspoiled beaches, rocky shores, and verdant woodlands. Explore trails that lead to breathtaking viewpoints, where you can spot seabird colonies and dolphins in the pristine waters. Camping, snorkeling, and kayaking opportunities abound, making this park a paradise for nature enthusiasts seeking an immersive coastal experience. Note that park access is regulated to preserve its delicate ecosystem.
39.82-5.976 Monfragüe National Park Nestled in Extremadura in the heart of Spain, this Park is a haven for birdwatchers and nature enthusiasts. This rugged landscape of cliffs, rivers, and Mediterranean forests is renowned for its impressive avian population, including majestic eagles and rare vultures. Embark on well-marked trails that lead to panoramic viewpoints, offering breathtaking vistas of the park's diverse ecosystems. Keep an eye out for the iconic Monfragüe Castle, perched atop a hill and offering a glimpse into the region's history. With its remarkable biodiversity and stunning vistas, Monfragüe beckons those seeking an authentic Spanish wilderness experience.
42.6716670.0555567 Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park In the heart of the Pyrenees in Aragon, this Park is a natural masterpiece that enchants hikers and mountaineers alike. Towering peaks, lush valleys, and cascading waterfalls create a dramatic backdrop for exploration. The park's crown jewel is Monte Perdido, one of the highest peaks in the Pyrenees. Traverse well-maintained trails that lead to viewpoints offering awe-inspiring panoramas. Discover the iconic Ordesa Valley with its sheer cliffs and emerald forests. From wildflower meadows to glacial lakes, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a haven for outdoor enthusiasts seeking both adventure and tranquility amidst breathtaking alpine beauty.
43.21-4.848 Picos de Europa National Park - Nestled in Asturias, the Park showcases rugged peaks, deep gorges, and picturesque villages. Popular among hikers and mountaineers, this park boasts thrilling trails like the Ruta del Cares, which winds along a stunning gorge. Keep an eye out for rare wildlife, including the Iberian ibex.
40.783333-3.9833339 Guadarrama National Park Near Madrid, its striking landscapes encompass rugged peaks, verdant valleys, and pristine rivers, forming a haven for various wildlife like the Spanish ibex. Hikers can trace ancient trails, while winter adventurers relish in snow-covered slopes.The park houses charming villages and historic sites, creating an enticing blend of natural splendor and cultural heritage in Guadarrama.
36.73-4.9810 Sierra de las Nieves National Park situated in southern Spain, is a captivating expanse renowned for its stunning mountain vistas and diverse ecology. Its rugged terrain features limestone peaks, deep gorges, and ancient forests home to the rare Spanish fir. The park's network of trails invites nature enthusiasts to discover its wealth of flora and fauna, including wildcats and golden eagles
37.1-3.0911 Sierra Nevada National and Natural Park - Draped across southern Spain, the park is in Sierra Nevada mountain range, and is a paradise for snow enthusiasts and sun seekers alike. In winter, hit the slopes at Spain's southernmost ski resort. In summer, explore meadows adorned with wildflowers and conquer Mulhacén, the Iberian Peninsula's tallest peak
39.1449-3.70212 Tablas de Daimiel National Park A wetland oasis in Castile-La Mancha, Tablas de Daimiel National Park is a sanctuary for waterbirds and a testament to the importance of conservation efforts. Meander along elevated walkways to observe thriving ecosystems and delicate water lilies.

## Canary Islands

28.753928-17.88471913 Caldera de Taburiente National Park In La Palma island , unveils a mesmerizing volcanic crater sculpted by eons of natural forces. The park's vast basin is adorned with dramatic cliffs, lush vegetation, and crystalline streams, enthralling hikers and nature enthusiasts. Unique flora and fauna, such as the endangered Barbary partridge, thrive in this UNESCO Biosphere Reserve. Traverse the intricate trails and immerse yourself in the awe-inspiring geology and biodiversity
28.12625-17.23722214 Garajonay National Park On the island of La Gomera this Park transports visitors to an otherworldly laurisilva forest. Misty and mystical, the park features ancient trees, mossy paths, and panoramic viewpoints that offer glimpses of neighboring islands.
28.276455-16.64266915 Teide National Park Dominating the landscape of Tenerife, Mount Teide, is Spain's highest peak, and has a dramatic volcanic terrain that surrounds it. Take a cable car to the summit for breathtaking views of the Canary Islands archipelago.
29.011389-13.77972216 Timanfaya National Park Found on Lanzarote, the park is a captivating testament to the raw power of volcanic activity. Its otherworldly terrain features dramatic lava fields, multi-hued craters, and geothermal wonders, creating an unparalleled landscape that feels like stepping onto another planet. Visitors can explore this UNESCO Biosphere Reserve by guided tours, showcasing the park's volcanic origins and the tenacity of life that thrives amidst the desolation.

## UNESCO Biosphere Reserves in Spain

UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves are large landscapes with significant biodiversity and important ecological systems. Each reserve is a focus for environmental collaboration and sustainable development, and offer travellers an opportunity to appreciate and understand unique parts of the natural environment.
| Official name | Location | Year of designation | Periodic review | Notes |
| 36.73-5.371 Grazalema | Andalusia | 1977 | 2004 | |
| 42.67-0.142 Ordesa-Viñamala | Aragón | 1977 | 2000, 2011 | Extended in 2013 |
| 41.782.43 Montseny | Catalonia | 1978 | 2000, 2011 | |
| 37.02-6.444 Doñana | Andalusia | 1980 | 2004 | |
| 39.3-2.985 Mancha Húmeda | Castile-La Mancha | 1980 | 2002 | |
| 38.15-2.76 Las Sierras de Cazorla y Segura | Andalusia | 1983 | 2004 | |
| 37.23-6.997 Marismas del Odiel | Andalusia | 1983 | 2004 | |
| 28.68-17.868 La Palma | Canary Islands | 1983 | | Extended and renamed 1997, 2002 |
| 43.35-2.689 Urdaibai | Basque Country | 1984 | 2000, 2011 | |
| 37.1-3.0910 Sierra Nevada | Andalusia | 1986 | 2000 | |
| 40.7-3.811 Cuenca Alta del Río Manzanares | Community of Madrid | 1992 | 2006 | |
| 29.02-13.6412 Lanzarote | Canary Islands | 1993 | 2007 | |
| 39.9830754.23022613 Menorca | Menorca | 1993 | 2006 | Change in zonation 2004 |
| 36.73-4.9814 Sierra de las Nieves y su Entorno | Andalusia | 1995 | 2007 | |
| 27.74-18.0415 Cabo de Gata-Nijar | Andalusia | 1997 | 2011 | |
| 36.9-2.0316 Isla de El Hierro | Canary Islands | 2000 | 2013 | |
| 42.19-1.517 Bardenas Reales | Navarre | 2000 | 2011 | |
| Muniellos | Asturias | 2000 | | Extended in 2003 |
| 43.07-6.2218 Somiedo | Asturias | 2000 | 2011 | |
| Redes | Asturias | 2001 | 2013 | |
| 37.88-5.5919 Las Dehesas de Sierra Morena | Andalusia | 2002 | | |
| 43.17-7.620 Terras de Miño | Galicia | 2002 | | |
| 42.98-6.3621 Valle de Laciana | Castile and Leon | 2003 | | |
| 43.21-4.8422 Picos de Europa | Asturias | 2003 | | |
| 39.82-5.9723 Monfragüe | Extremadura | 2003 | | |
| 42.16-2.1824 Valles de Jubera, Leza, Cidacos y Alhama | La Rioja | 2003 | | |
| 42.963819-6.07578325 Babia | Castile and Leon | 2004 | | |
| 42.85-5.66666726 Alto Bernesga | Castile and Leon | 2005 | | |
| 42.8-7.4927 Área de Allariz | Galicia | 2005 | | |
| 27.95-15.6328 Gran Canaria | Canary Islands | 2005 | | |
| 41.13487-3.5472429 Sierra del Rincón | Community of Madrid | 2005 | | |
| 42.9-5.9530 Los Valles de Omaña y Luna | Castile and Leon | 2005 | | |
| 42.98-5.4931 Los Argüellos | Castile and Leon | 2005 | | |
| 40.23-5.4632 Las Sierras de Béjar y Francia | Castile and Leon | 2006 | | |
| 43.34-6.3933 Os Ancares Lucenses y Montes de Cervantes, Navia y Becerra | Galicia | 2006 | | |
| 42.47-6.4434 Los Ancares Leoneses | Castile and Leon | 2006 | | |
| 35.93-5.5935 Intercontinental Biosphere Reserve of the Mediterranean | Andalusia | 2006 | | Shared with Morocco |
| 43.425-7.15136 Rio Eo, Oscos y Terras de Buron | Galicia | 2007 | | |
| 28.45-13.8537 Fuerteventura | Canary Islands | 2009 | | |
| 41.95-8.2538 Geres/Xures | Galicia | 2009 | | Shared with Portugal |
| 28.1174-17.232539 La Gomera | Canary Islands | 2012 | | |
| 43.1164-5.962140 Las Ubiñas-La Mesa | Asturias | 2012 | | |
| 43.2269-8.288441 Mariñas Coruñesas e Terras do Mandeo | Galicia | 2012 | | |
| 40.7903-4.098542 Real Sitio de San Ildefonso-El Espinar | Castile and Leon | 2013 | | |
| 40.70880.576943 Terres de l’Ebre, Catalonia | Catalonia | 2013 | | |
| 41.5167-6.666744 Meseta Ibérica Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Portugal/Spain) | Castile and Leon | 2015 | | Shared with Portugal |
| 28.536539-16.26916445 Macizo de Anaga | Canary Islands | 2015 | | |
| 39.790861-7.21961146 Tejo/Tajo Internacional Transboundary Biosphere Reserve (Portugal/Spain) | Extremadura | 2016 | | Shared with Portugal |
| Ponga | Asturias | 2018 | | |
| 39.83-1.0947 Alto Turia | Valencian Community | 2019 | | |
| 39.15-5.0248 La Siberia | Extremadura | 2019 | | |
| 39.33524-1.3391449 Valle del Cabriel | Castile-La Mancha, Aragón, Valencian Community | 2019 | | |
| 42.586405-7.49307750 Ribeira Sacra e Serras do Oribio e Courel Biosphere Reserve | Galicia | 2021 | | |
| 42.7258330.82805651 Val d'Aran Biosphere Reserve | Catalonia | 2024 | | |
| 42.921.14194452 Irati Biosphere Reserve | Navarre | 2024 | | |

## UNESCO Geoparks in Spain

UNESCO Global Geoparks Network are single, unified geographical areas where sites and landscapes of international geological significance are managed with a holistic concept of protection, education and sustainable development.
| Official name | Location | Area (km$^2$) | Year | Notes |
| 36.789444-2.2372221 Cabo de Gata - Níjar UNESCO Global Geopark | Andalusia | 500 | 2006 | |
| 37.247778-4.3066672 Sierras Subbéticas UNESCO Global Geopark | Andalusia | 320 | 2006 | |
| 42.3686110.1702783 Sobrarbe UNESCO Global Geopark | Aragon | 2202 | 2006 | |
| 37.712222-5.6344444 Sierra Norte de Sevilla UNESCO Global Geopark | Andalusia | 1774.84 | 2011 | |
| 43.295833-2.3544445 Basque Coast UNESCO Global Geopark | Basque Country | 89 | 2010 | |
| 39.451944-5.32756 Villuercas-Ibores-Jara UNESCO Global Geopark | Extremadura | 2544.4 | 2011 | |
| 42.4666671.8216677 Central Catalunya UNESCO Global Geopark | Catalonia | 1300 | 2012 | Sant Llorenç del Munt i l'Obac Natural Park | |
| 39.279444-3.0977788 Molina and Alto Tajo UNESCO Global Geopark | Castile-La Mancha | 4520 | 2014 | |
| 42.516244-4.0105159 Las Loras UNESCO Global Geopark | Castile - León | 950.76 | 2017 | |
| 42.1667020.89577810 Conca de Tremp–Montsec UNESCO Global Geopark | Catalonia | 2050 | 2018 | |
| 42.831194-7.48153511 Courel Mountain UNESCO Global Geopark | Galicia | 577.85 | 2019 | |
| 27.725556-18.02416712 El Hierro UNESCO Global Geopark | Canary Islands | 595 | 2014 | |
| 29.05-13.613 Lanzarote and Chinijo Islands UNESCO Global Geopark | Canary Islands | 2500 | 2015 | |

## Birdwatching

the best nationals parks for birdwatching are:
* Cabañeros National Park
* Monfragüe National Park
* Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park
* Doñana National and Natural Park
* Tablas de Daimiel national park

## Go next

Visit Nature parks in Catalonia