# Free State

The Free State Province$^{[deadlink]}$, "South Africa's breadbasket", sits in the heartland of the Karoo semi-desert.

## Regions

* Fezile Dabi Formerly Northern Free State, large portions of this area still show the scars of the Vredefort Dome meteor impact.
* Thabo Mofutsanyana Eastern portion of the Free State, bordering onto the Lesotho highlands to the south.
* Lejweleputswa Western Free State, also known as the Free State Gold Fields
* Mangaung Formerly Motheo.
* Xhariep The southern grass plains

## Cities
### Fezile Dabi

* -26.927.451 Parys — a popular weekend trip from Jo'burg because of its shops, art galleries, restaurants, coffee shops and adventure activities
* -27.01666727.3833332 Vredefort — a farming town in the Vredefort Dome (Crater)
* -27.64555627.2316673 Kroonstad — the centre of a rich agricultural district, producing maize, wheat, dairy and meat products and wool

### Thabo Mofutsanyana

* -28.23333328.34 Bethlehem — the heart of the picturesque north-eastern Free State
* -28.51666728.4166675 Clarens — a convenient base for visiting Golden Gate Highlands Park
* -28.87369427.8781116 Ficksburg — home of an annual cherry festival
* -29.227.457 Ladybrand — a good place to prepare for visiting the Maluti Mountains in Lesotho

### Lejweleputswa

* -27.98305626.7208338 Welkom — a gold mining town known internationally for its efficient road traffic

### Mangaung

* -29.126.2166679 Bloemfontein — known for its abundance of roses and the annual rose festival held there

### Xhariep

* -30.62277825.50638910 Gariep Dam — a popular outdoor destination for boating and water sports, and a good break on the journey between Cape Town and Johannesburg
* -30.633325.4511 Norvalspont — site of a British concentration camp during the Secongd Boer War

## Other destinations
### National parks

* -28.524428.62081 Golden Gate Highlands Park — the province's prime tourist attraction gets its name from the brilliant shades of gold cast by the sun on the spectacular sandstone cliffs

### Other nature reserves

* -29.914726.85282 Caledon Nature Reserve — near Caledon
* Erfenis Dam Nature Reserve — just outside Theunissen
* Gariep Dam Nature Reserve, at Gariep Dam
* Kalkfontein Dam Nature Reserve — close to Fauresmith
* Sandveld Nature Reserve — near Bloemhof
* Soetdoring Nature Reserve, just outside Bloemfontein
* Tussen-die-Riviere Game Reserve — outside Bethulie
* Tweefontein Nature Reserve
* -28.30627.2363 Willem Pretorius Game Reserve — near Ventersburg
* Qwa-Qwa Park — near Harrismith
* -28.429.03334 Sterkfontein Dam Nature Reserve , near Harrismith

## Understand

The former Oranje-Vrystaat (Orange Free State) was the heartland of the white Afrikaner population and therefore most people in this region speak Afrikaans, although the majority have SeSotho as mother tongue. It was one of the first independent states, before joining the South African Union, and the people here still live up to the Voortrekker traditions of braaing. The rich soil and pleasant climate allow a thriving agricultural industry. With more than 30,000 farms, which produce over 70% of the country's grain, it is known locally as South Africa's breadbasket. The Free State is an important agricultural area in South Africa, with beef and maize the primary products.
The flats in the south of the reserve provide ideal conditions for large herds of plain game such as black wildebeest and springbok. The ridges, koppies and plains typical of the northern section are home to kudu, red hartebeest, southern white rhinoceros and buffalo. The Southern African wildcat, black wildebeest, zebra, eland, white rhinoceros and wild dog can be seen at the Soetdoring Nature Reserve near Bloemfontein. South African cheetahs were reintroduced in the Free State in 2013 after a hundred years of regional extinction.

### Climate

The Free State enjoys warm to hot summers and cool to cold winters. Areas in the east experience frequent snowfalls, especially on the higher ranges, whilst the west can be extremely hot in summer. Almost all precipitation falls in the summer months as brief afternoon thunderstorms, with aridity increasing towards the west. Areas in the east around Harrismith, Bethlehem and Ficksburg are well watered. The capital, Bloemfontein, experiences hot, moist summers and cold, dry winters frequented by severe frost.

## Talk

Afrikaans is the first language of most, but most will definitely understand and speak English. Be prepared for understanding through the accent.

## Get in
### By car

* The N1 highway runs through the Free State. It comes from Cape Town and goes further to Johannesburg and Pretoria and from there to Harare in Zimbabwe. Use this route when coming from/going to Mozambique, too.
* The N3 runs in the east of the Free State through Harrismith. Use it to go to Durban or the Gauteng area.
* The N8 goes from Bloemfontein to Kimberley and further to Upington.
* The N6 goes south to the Eastern Cape
The N5 only serves as a connection between the N1 and the N3.

### By plane

Bloemfontein Airport$^{[deadlink]}$ (BFN) has flights to Johannesburg and Cape Town and some other cities in South Africa. Flights are operated by the South African Airways family.

## Get around

Best by car, as there are little means of public transport and great distances between each of the towns and cities.
The traffic police are very active, especially on the N1 — keep to the speed limit!

## See

* Bloemfontein
* The Gariep Dam — one of the biggest dams in South Africa
* Golden Gate Highlands Park — a famous park in the north of the Drakensberg Mountains

## Do

* Rock climbing

## Stay safe

Always have enough water with you, in case your car has a break down. Tell your last hotel where you are going to and which route you use, especially when going into a less populated and rural area.

## Go next

* North-west are Kimberley with its diamond museum and Upington near the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park.
* South-west lies Cape Town, the Cape Winelands and the Garden Route.
* North-east is Johannesburg and the Kruger National Park.
* South-east is Durban and the Sunshine Coast.