# Lower Normandy

Lower Normandy (French: Basse-Normandie) comprises the western half of Normandy in northern France.
This part of France saw intense fighting during the Second World War; the D-Day beaches, where the Allies landed in June 1944, are along the coast in Calvados, and the fighting soon extended to other parts of the region.

## Cities

* 49.181389-0.3636111 Caen — the largest city of the region is an excellent base for visits to the D-Day beaches
* 48.4297220.0919442 Alençon — travel through time by visiting its centuries-old buildings and streets
* 48.744444-0.0202783 Argentan — the gateway to the Normandie-Maine regional natural park
* 49.339167-0.62254 Arromanches-les-Bains — has a museum about the Gold Beach landings, the Mulberry harbours and the war in Normandy
* 48.684444-1.3569445 Avranches — has a museum containing manuscripts from Mont-Saint-Michel
* 49.278611-0.7038896 Bayeux — location of the famous tapestry
* 49.638889-1.6257 Cherbourg — a port city with ferries to UK and Ireland
* 49.3591670.0744448 Deauville — a fashionable seaside resort
* 48.897222-0.19759 Falaise — the birthplace of William the Conqueror is a castle and an impressive example of Norman fortification
* 48.838056-1.58694410 Granville — its beautiful old town full of laneways towering over the rest of the town
* 49.4188890.23305611 Honfleur — 17th-century harbour; stay a few day or see at least the impressive wooden church
* 49.1455560.22555612 Lisieux — birthplace of Ste Therese and pilgrimage city
* 48.635833-1.51027813 Mont Saint Michel — UNESCO World Heritage Norman Benedictine Abbey on an island rock isolated by the high tide.
* 49.279167-0.25833314 Ouistreham — at the eastern end of the area of the D-Day beaches
* 49.114444-1.09166715 Saint-Lô — its historic centre has been restored after being devastated in World War II
* 49.408889-1.31777816 Sainte-Mère-Église
* 49.263889-0.22916717 Sallenelles — almost everybody who stops here is there to see the bay or the preserved 1930s hotel
* 49.36750.08166718 Trouville-sur-Mer — a seaside resort at the mouth of a coastal river, the Touques
* 48.838611-0.88916719 Vire — although it was largely rebuilt after World War II, some 12th-century fortifications are still visible

## Other destinations

* 49.34-0.61 D-Day beaches of the Normandy landings near Caen. D-Day circuits are signposted, and take you around Normandy retracing the history of the 1944 events in the region.

## Understand

Administratively, the region was divided into three departments whose borders are shown on the map: Manche on the west, Calvados east of that along the coast, and Orne inland on the south side. The northern part of Manche is the Cotentin Peninsula, also called the Cherbourg Peninsula.

## Talk

French is the official language, and all the locals will speak it. Some may use some non-standard expressions, but most will make the effort not to use them if you are foreign.
Local expressions you might encounter are tantôt (soon), meaning either this morning, this afternoon, tomorrow morning/afternoon or yesterday morning/afternoon, depending on the speaker, so ask for details.
As Normandy is a premium tourist destinations, many of the younger people will speak English, and will be willing to speak it. Spanish, Italian, and German are also quite widely studied at school.
Although there are Norman languages, they are mostly dying out, and the speakers will also speak French. You may also meet the occasional speaker of the neighbouring regions' local languages, such as Breton or Picard, but in any case, a stranger would address you only in French (or maybe English if you were in a tourist area).

## Get in
### By boat

There is a ferry-port in Ouistréham, with ferries to Portsmouth with Brittany Ferries. Another popular option with the locals is the crossings run by LD Lines to Le Havre and Dieppe from Newhaven and Portsmouth, which are sometimes substantially cheaper. Cherbourg, Calais and Saint-Malo are also within driving distance.
* Brittany Ferries
* LD Lines

### By train

Rail is the most commonly used public transport in France for inter-regional travel. It is cheap, fast and reliable. Check out reductions for under-26, over-25 and group travellers. Tickets can usually be bought abroad, on the internet, at stations; in advance or on the day.
Caen is the main station, alongside Lisieux, Bayeux, Trouville-Deauville and Cabourg-Dives. There are also stations in Lison, Le Molay Littry, Audrieu, Bretteville Norrey, Frénouville Cagny, Mézidon, Moult Argences, St Pierre sur Dives, Coulibœuf, Le Grand Jardin, Pont L'Évêque, Blonville Bennerville, Villers/Mer, Houlgate and Dives Port-Guillaume.
Trains go towards Saint-Lô (Cherbourg and Rennes), Paris (2 hours away), Alençon (Le Mans), and Rouen.
SNCF website

### By car

Roads in France are good.
The main motorway is the A13 to Caen from Paris (225km / 139 miles). It then continues to Cherbourg (although it is not always a motorway). Some of it is toll, but quite cheap. The A84 goes from Caen to Rennes. You can also take the RN13 from Paris, which is free.
To cross the Seine, you can use the Pont de Normandie between Le Havre and Honfleur. Toll is €5 for a car. A popular site in itself, the bridge, which opened in 1995, at the time was the longest cable-stayed bridge in the world, and had the record for the longest distance between piers; these records were lost in 1999 and 2004 respectively. There is a free bridge further south at Tancarville, and more bridges as you go further south (where the Seine isn't as wide).

## Get around

A very common method of getting around Normandy in general is to go by car, since distances between the beautiful sights that Normandy has to offer are far from another. While travelling on own terms, a road atlas will come in very handy. Car rentals are a common and convenient method of travelling, while other means of transportation such as train, car pooling or even coach do count as a valuable alternatives.
Several comparison sites such as vivanoda may provide helpful assistance in deciding how to arrive at a certain sight in Normandy.

## Drink

The Calvados region produces a famous, and very potent, apple brandy which is usually just called Calvados. It is readily available anywhere in France and widely exported, but may be cheaper or better here. Guided tours are also available at some distilleries, for example Chateau de Bruil near Lisieux.

## Go next

* Upper Normandy
* Brittany
* Pays de la Loire
* Centre-Val de Loire