# Gilgit-Baltistan

Gilgit-Baltistan (Urdu : گلگت بلتستان), formerly known as the Northern Areas is the northernmost political entity under the administrative control of Pakistan. According to Pakistan's constitution, Gilgit-Baltistan is an autonomous region separate from Pakistan, and its inhabitants have never had any representation in Pakistan's parliament.
Four mountain ranges meet here — the Karakoram, Pamir, Himalaya, and the Hindu Kush — and the area is a "mountain paradise" for mountaineers, trekkers, and tourists. The region has some of the world's highest mountains, including five peaks over 8,000 meters, many over 7,000, and the largest glaciers outside the polar region. For comparison, neither Western Europe nor the lower 48 US states have anything that reaches 5,000 m, nothing anywhere in Russia or North America is over 6250, and the highest peak of the Andes is just under 7000 m.
Gilgit-Baltistan is bestowed with some of the greatest bounties of Nature. Tourists from all over the world have a great attraction toward this region because of its beautiful valleys, plains, peaks and heritage sites. Location of some of the highest mountains on Earth including K2. Trekking to Concordia (the confluence of the Baltoro Glacier and the Godwin-Austen Glacier) and the great Baltoro Muztagh, a sub-range of the Karakoram.

## Divisions

Gilgit-Baltistan is large, remote, with 3 administrative divisions.
* Baltistan renowned for its spectacular natural beauty. Unique landscapes, evergreen forests, cold deserts, snowcapped mountains, and great cultural heritage are the attractions. It draws mountaineers, trekkers and people who love landscapes.
* Diamer has the most abundant collection of rock-art in Pakistan — Buddhist Stupas and anthropomorphic Buddhas remain the most common subject of rock-carvings in and around Chilas
* Gilgit a hub for trekking and mountaineering expeditions in the Karakoram mountain range

## Cities

* 35.92083374.3144441 Gilgit - the capital of the territory
* 35.29941975.6330392 Skardu - largest city in Gilgit-Baltistan

## Other destinations

* 35.0189375.4143931 Deosai National Park
* 36.9575.0833332 Khunjerab National Park is a park around the Khunjerab Pass where the Karakoram Highway crosses the Pakistan-China border
* 36.085274.0413 Punial valley : Sher Qillah is the main village of the picturesque Punial valley. One of the biggest villages by area is Hatoon.
* 35.33039374.7856394 Rama lake — offers an awe-inspiring view of the eastern side of Nanga Parbat, 8126 m high. For the adventure-loving tourist, hiker, angler, art-lover, mountaineer or polo enthusiast, there are few places in the world that could compare with Gilgit.
* 34.96666776.2097225 Kharmang valley
* 35.2473.486 Nagar — home to some of the world's 27th highest mountain peak, glaciers, forts, museums and resorts
* 36.31666774.657 Hunza — along the Karakoram Highway before entering China
* 36.17361173.7666678 Ghizer — includes Koyo Zom, largest Hindu Raj mountain

## Understand

Gilgit, now the administrative center of this region, was an important city on the Silk Road through which Buddhism was spread from India to the rest of Asia. A large number of Sanskrit Buddhist texts, including the long version of the Heart Sutra have been unearthed in Gilgit. The Dards and Cizinas also appear in many of the old Pauranic lists of peoples, with the former finding mention in Ptolemy's accounts of the region. Two famous travellers, Faxian and Hsuan Tsang, are known to have traversed Gilgit as per their accounts. The old Silk Road route through Gilgit is now the Karakoram Highway (KKH).
Gilgit was ruled for centuries by the local Trakane Dynasty, which came to an end in about 1810. The area descended into internecine turmoil before being occupied by the Sikhs in 1842. It was ceded to Jammu in 1846. Gilgit's inhabitants drove their new rulers out in an uprising in 1852. The Khushwakhte Dynasty of Yasin and Gulapure led the people of Gilgit to drive out the Dogra rulers. After Yasin was conquered by the Katur Dynasty of Chitral, the power of the Khushwakhte was crushed. The rule of Jammu was restored in 1860. Gilgit came under British rule in 1889, when it was unified with neighboring Hunza and Nagar in the Gilgit Agency. When British rule came to an end in 1947, the region was briefly handed back to the maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir. Subsequently, it came under Pakistani control. To this day, Gilgit-Baltistan remains part of the Kashmir dispute and India considers it a Pakistani-occupied part of the Indian union territory of Ladakh.
Much of the population of wants to be merged into Pakistan as a separate province and opposes integration with the rest of Kashmir, which the Pakistani government has consistently denied on the grounds that it would jeopardise its position in the Kashmir dispute. However, as of November 2020, the Pakistani government seems to be making moves towards converting it into a full-fledged province. To what extent this will play out is open to interpretation, but it is widely believed that such a move could further worsen Indo-Pakistani relations and lead to further tensions in the whole of Kashmir, as many Kashmiri nationalists/pro-Independence supporters consider the region to be an integral part of Kashmir.
Baltistan is a historical region in the northern part of Pakistan that's known for its harsh climate, towering mountains, and glaciers. Also known as Baltiyul or Little Tibet, is a mountainous region that constitutes a northern portion of the larger Kashmir region that has been the subject of a dispute between Modern India and Pakistan since 1947.
Gilgit-Baltistan covers an area of 72,971 km² (28,174 mi²) and is extremely mountainous.

## Talk

Urdu is the national language of Pakistan spoken throughout Pakistan, including Gilgit-Baltistan, as the lingua franca. The local languages are Shina, Balti, Khowar, Wakhi and Burushaski. As elsewhere in Pakistan, English is fairly widely spoken among the educated classes and those involved in the tourist industry. Other languages includes Purgi, Domaaki, Pashto, Kyrgyz, Luneci, Brokskat, Ladakhi, Uyghur, Shughni, Ishkashimi, Sarikoli, Uzbek, Turkmen, Munji, and Changthang.

## Get in
### By plane

Pakistan International Airlines offers daily flights on Boeing 737s between Islamabad and Gilgit. The flying time is approximately 50 minutes, and the flight is one of the most scenic in the world, as its route passes over Nanga Parbat and the peak of the mountain is higher than the aircraft's cruising altitude. Lahore and Islamabad also has flights to Gilgit and Skardu (KDU). All flights, however, are subject to weather clearance, and, in winters, flights are often delayed by several days. A flight delay generally means it'll fly out the next day - so it's often faster and more certain to travel by road.

### By road

The Karakoram Highway, once a minor Silk Road route, connects Islamabad to Gilgit and Skardu, which are the two major hubs for mountaineering expeditions in the Northern Areas.
The bus journey from Islamabad to Gilgit takes approximately 20-24 hours, costs between Rs.3020 and Rs.4180 and departs three times a day from the Pirwadhai Bus Terminal in Rawalpindi. The official government bus company (which also allows foreigners for passengers) operating between Islamabad/Rawalpindi to Gilgit is NATCO (Northern Areas Transport Corporation). For foreign passengers on the NATCO bus journey from Islamabad/Rawalpindi to Gilgit it is advised to bring 10 passport copies for the bus driver, which they need to present at every police checkpoint on the highway.
Landslides on the Karakoram Highway are not uncommon, but bulldozers usually clear the road in a short time. The KKH connects Gilgit to Taxkorgan and Kashgar in Xinjiang, China, via Sust (the customs and health inspection post on the Pakistan side of the border) and the Khunjerab Pass, the highest paved international border crossing in the world at 4,693 m (15,397 feet).
If you are a group, you can book a van or a car from the Islamabad airport, or a rental car company from the central markets.
It is dangerous to go to the territory during the winter, when landslides and snow block roads, sometimes forcing you to stay in the territory for several weeks, or even months.

## Get around
### By bus

NATCO (Northern Areas Transport Corporation), Silk Route Transport Corporation and several other transport companies offer bus and jeep transport service to the two hubs and to several other popular destinations, lakes, and glaciers in the area.

### By car or motorbike

You could also think about renting a car, or for the more adventurous, a motorbike to discover the wonders of Gilgit-Baltistan. Inform yourself which roads and sections are safe to drive and keep the weather conditions in mind. Petrol is available in most parts of the roads in Gilgit-Baltistan, and motobike mechanics are usually plenty around and very cheap.

## See

Gilgit-Baltistan is home to some of the highest mountains in the world, and offers incredible trekking opportunities. In an area of about 500 km in width and 350 km in depth are more than 700 peaks above 6000 m, and more than 160 peaks above 7000 m. K2 is considered more technically challenging to climb than Mount Everest despite its shorter height.
* Fairy Meadows is a point where three famous mountain ranges meet: the Himalayas, the Karakorams and the Hindukush
* Rock carvings Dating back to 8th century AD, a huge Buddha figure surrounded by small Buddhisatvas is carved on a rock, 3 km from Skardu across Sadpara Nullah on Skardu-Sadpara Road. Pre-historic men and animal figures are carved on rocks along Kachura Lake. Some rock carvings and a diagram of a monastery near Perkuta (Mehdi Abad) Nalah are also found.
* Singal This spot in the Punial valley offers ideal trout fishing opportunities.

### Mountains

Eighteen of the fifty highest peaks in the world are located in Gilgit-Baltistan. With their rank, they are:
* 35.88111176.5133331 K2 (Mount Godwin-Austen), 2nd 8,611 m.
* 35.23916774.592 Nanga Parbat , 9th, 8,125 m (28,250 feet)
* 35.72444476.6963893 Gasherbrum I , 11th, at 8,080 m.
* 35.81055676.5680564 Broad Peak , 12th, 8,047 m.
* 35.757576.6527785 Gasherbrum II , 13th, 8,035 m
* 35.75944476.6419446 Gasherbrum III , 15th, 7,946 m.
* 35.70833376.6308337 Gasherbrum VI , 17th, 7,932 m.
* 36.32583375.1883338 Distaghil Sar , 19th, 7,884 m.
* 36.20527875.2077789 Khunyang Chhish , 21st, 7823 m.
* 35.642576.31083310 Masherbrum , 22nd, 7,821 m.
* 36.5174.522511 Batura Sar , 25th, 7,795 m.
* 36.20575.41833312 Kanjut Sar , 26th, 7,788 m.
* 36.142574.48916713 Rakaposhi , 27th, 7,760 m.
* 35.39957876.84751714 Saltoro Kangri , 31st, 7,742 m.
* 35.61055676.57444415 Chogolisa , 36th, 7,498 m.
* 36.4474.68166716 Shispare , 38th, 7,611 m.
* 36.287575.08611117 Trivor , 39th, 7,577 m.
* 35.92666776.56722218 Skyang Kangri , 44th 7,545 m.
For comparison, Mont Blanc, the tallest mountain in Western Europe, is less than 5,000 m and Mount Whitney, the highest point in the 48 contiguous United States, less than 4,500 . This region has literally dozens of peaks higher than either of those.
Other mountains include the majestic 35.76666776.18333319 Nameless Tower.

### Glaciers

Three of the world's seven longest glaciers outside the polar regions are also in Gilgit-Baltistan: the Biafo Glacier, the Baltoro Glacier, and the Batura Glacier.
The Siachin Glacier is 75 km. The Hispar (53 km) joins the Biafo at the Hispar La (5154.16 m (16,910 ft) to form an ice corridor 116.87 km (72 mi) long. The Batura, too, is 58 km in length. The most outstanding of these rivers of ice is the 62 km Baltoro. This large glacier, fed by some 30 tributaries, has a surface area of 1291.39 km².

### Lakes

There are several high-altitude lakes in Gilgit-Baltistan.
* 34.99111175.2358331 Sheosar Lake in Deosai Plains
* 35.22952275.6303972 Satpara Lake in Skardu
* Katchura Lake in Skardu
* 36.430474.86253 Borith Lake in upper Hunza
* 36.33683974.8675334 Attabad Lake in upper Hunza
* 35.33039374.7856395 Rama Lake near Astor
* 36.17449174.882516 Rush Lake near Nagar
* Kromber Lake in Kromber Pass
* Daholy Lake in Khaplu
* Ghenche Lake in Khaplu
* Rkhulong Lake in Khaplu

### Forts

* Khaplu Fort. Once a palace, now a hotel near Kharmang
* Shigar Fort in the town of Shigar, northeast of Skardu is also a hotel.
* Baltit Fort in the town of Karimabad is now a museum.
* Ondra Fort

## Do

* Karakoram Air Safari is the most scenic air journey starting from Islamabad by Pakistan International Airlines.
* Mountaineering, trekking and hiking. The area is ideal for these. One popular trek is the K2 base camp trek. Permission for mountaineering and trekking in the restricted zone is issued by the Ministry of Tourism, Government of Pakistan, Pakistan Sports Complex, Kashmir Highway, Aabpara, Islamabad (Telephone: 92-51-9203509).
* Fishing: at Satpara Lake (8 km) and Kachura Lake 932 km) from Skardu abound in trout. Fishing permits are issued by the Fisheries Department at Gilgit and Skardu.
* Flora and fauna: Roses, lilies, pansies, willow, pine and fir trees are found in abundance. Apples, apricots, peaches, plums, mulberries, walnuts and grapes are available from June to October and almonds from October to March.
* Wildlife: Baltistan boasts wildlife like markhors, ibexes, snow leopards and birds, namely chakors, partridges and ducks. Most of the animals and birds are protected but limited shooting is allowed. Hunting permits are issued by the local administration.
* Biking
* Eco tours at different National parks
* Skiing
* Polo Attend Shandur Polo festival

## Buy

Only very few banks and ATMs in Gilgit-Baltistan accept foreign bank cards or credit cards for withdrawing money. As a visiting foreigner, your best bet would be to bring enough cash for your whole journey in Gilgit-Baltistan, or to try the ATM at the Alfalah Bank branch in Gilgit, which sometimes happen to work with foreign cards.

## Eat

Most hotels have restaurants.
* Cafe De Hunza is a small but cosy cafe in Karimabad town in the Hunza Valley. It offers a wide range of local foods, coffee and pancakes. The Cafe has its own small library filled with maps and travel related books and magazines.
* Hunza Cuisine is at Karimabad Zero Point in the Hunza Valley. The restaurant offers Hunza traditional foods.
* Baltit Fort Cafe is a new addition to the Baltit Fort in the Hunza Valley. A number of local, Pakistani and continental foods are prepared upon order.
* Pagoda Restaurant offers a sumptuous Chinese cuisine. The Pagoda is on an island amidst the Honeymoon Lake, linked to the Shangrila Resort by a short bridge.
* The Lake View Restaurant gives a panoramic view of the Shangrila Resort and offers Pakistani and Continental cuisine.
* Tandoori Village offers a taste of ancient old recipes, Chicken Tikka, Seekh Kababs, Mutton Tikkas, Grilled Fish with home made tandoori roti.
* Cafe DC-3 This code name of original DC-3 Aircraft was Alpha Alpha Foxtrot (AAF). This unique cafe is one of its kind, insida an old airplane, which crash landed on the riverbed and was brought to the present site in the 1950s. It offers a variety of snacks and cabin crew hospitality.
* Chalt Tourist Inn is in Chalt Nagar. It offers a variety of snacks and cabin crew hospitality.
* Haji Ramazan Hotel is in Gilgit city where fresh Pakistani foods are prepared on order.

## Drink

There are bars in most of the top end hotels.
Avoid drinking tap water. Locals usually drink water from streams, but that can be unsafe for those not accustomed to it. So only drink water you have filtered, boiled, or bottled water, which is available all over.

## Stay safe

Gilgit-Baltistan is considered to be one of the safest regions under Pakistani control, but some parts of it are off-limits to tourists, especially the buffer zone along the "Line of Control" that divides the Indian- and Pakistani-controlled parts of Kashmir. District headquarter hospitals are present in Gilgit, Skardu, Khaplu (Ghache District), Chilas (Diamer), Ghazin (Gahkuch).
Altitude sickness and road accidents much more of a problem, so prioritize those and acclimatize for a few weeks before travelling.

## Respect

As with many people living in Kashmir, people are divided into several opposing camps - Some who desire full independence, some who desire integration with Pakistan, and some who desire integration with India. This makes Gilgit-Baltistani politics incredibly complex.

## Connect

Mobile services are available in the area.
Call 1122 in-case of any emergency.
In Gilgit-Baltistan there is only one working cell phone network operator, namely SCO / SCOM. As a foreigner you can buy a working Sim card at SCO franchise shops and offices in Gilgit. Activation of such a Sim card usually takes about 24 hours.

## Go next
### By road

To China: Thrice-weekly bus service was scheduled to begin crossing the border from Gilgit, to Kashgar, China, and road widening work was scheduled for 600 kilometres of the Karakoram Highway. There were also plans for one daily bus in each direction between Sust and Taxkorgan in the border areas of the two countries.
To Islamabad: Via the Karakoram Highway, popularly known as the Silk Road.
To India: The Srinagar-Muzaffarabad route and Wagah borders will allow you to visit India while the Kargil-Skardu road is closed.

### By plane

Pakistan International Airlines offers daily flights between Gilgit and Skardu Airports and Islamabad International Airport. The flying time of the first is approximately 50 minutes, and the flight is one of the most scenic flights in the world, as its route passes over Nanga Parbat, with the peak of the mountain being higher than the aircraft's cruising altitude. PIA also offers regular flights on Boeing 737s between Skardu and Islamabad. All flights, however, are subject to weather clearance, and in winters, flights are often delayed by several days.