# Bataan

Bataan$^{[deadlink]}$ is a province at the Central Luzon region of Luzon. A peninsula surrounded by Manila Bay to the east and the West Philippine Sea (or South China Sea) to the west, it is known in history as the last stronghold of the Americans in the Philippines when the Japanese invaded it during World War II.

## Cities and municipalities

* 14.679120.541 Balanga - Provincial capital and the only city
* 14.434120.4872 Mariveles - the largest town with more than 100,000 residents, it is where the infamous Death March began.
* 14.597120.3923 Bagac - Has the Philippine-Japanese Friendship Tower and Las Casas de Acuzar.
* 14.867120.464 Dinalupihan - Border town at the boundary with Pampanga
* Morong - Where the controversial Bataan Nuclear Power Plant, which remains closed (as of 2018), is located.
* 14.621120.5785 Orion - Known for Cayetano Arellano Memorial Shrine
* 14.666667120.5666676 Pilar - Houses the Shrine of Valor atop Mount Samat.

## Understand

Bataan is one of the majority Tagalog provinces of Central Luzon, but it also has a Kapampangan minority, on the towns of Dinalupihan, Hermosa and Abucay. The Mariveleño people or the Ayta Magbeken, a subgroup of the Aeta (Negritos), were the indigenous inhabitants of the area; they were displaced by the Tagalogs from Cavite by the 16th century. Descendants of Ilocano settlers live in southeastern areas of the province, on the towns of Orion, Limay, and Mariveles.
Bataan is a mostly mountainous province, occupying the entirety of the namesake Bataan Peninsula. Much of the population is concentrated on the east coast facing Manila Bay, much of which being plains; this includes most of the province's municipalities and the capital Balanga. The western coast facing the South China Sea (West Philippine Sea) is mostly sparsely populated; this includes the rural municipalities of Morong and Bagac.

### History

Bataan was founded as province in 1757; it included some towns of Pampanga, and the military district of Mariveles, which included also Maragondon in Cavite.
After Japan invaded the Philippines in December 1941, the combined US and Filipino forces were being gradually overrun and General Douglas MacArthur moved his troops to the Bataan Peninsula in an attempt to hold out until a relief force could be sent from the U.S. Japanese forces started a siege of the peninsula on January 7, 1942, and launched an all-out assault on April 3, a few months after the Battle of the Points. The majority of the American and Filipino forces surrendered on April 9 and were forced to march more than 102 km (63 mi) from Bataan to Tarlac, which became known as the Bataan Death March.

## Get in
### By car

Bataan is over two hours away from Metro Manila by car. From Manila, you can take the North Luzon Expressway (NLEX) and exit at San Fernando, and from there, follow the Olongapo-Gapan Road/Jose Abad Santos Avenue straight to Bataan. A longer alternative is to exit at Angeles, connect with the Subic-Clark-Tarlac Expressway (SCTEX) and exit at Dinalupihan.
A bridge is being proposed to link Bataan from Cavite, but this fixed link is still on the planning stages. An expressway from Metro Manila via the coastline of Bulacan is also being planned.

### By bus

Getting to Bataan by bus takes around three hours. There are bus lines, specifically Genesis and Bataan Transit, in Cubao, Pasay and Manila that offers daily trips to Balanga City and Mariveles, Bataan. The fare going to Balanga costs ₱240 as of April 2016 from Avenida, Manila terminal. Victory Liner have buses to/from Olongapo City (2 hours, ₱100).

### By ferry

As of May 2018, the ferry boat going from Manila to Bataan is operational through the FAB Town Terminal in Freeport Area of Bataan (FAB), Mariveles, Bataan, which has a direct ferry service from FAB to Esplanade Seaside Terminal at the Mall of Asia in Pasay City, Metro Manila. The Port of Capinpin in Orion, Bataan is another ferry terminal in the province, having a route from Orion to Manila.

## Get around

Driving is the best way to explore Bataan. Major highways traversing the province are the Jose Abad Santos Avenue or Olongapo-Gapan Road (Rte N1) serving Dinalupihan and Hermosa, Roman Superhighway (Rte 301) from Dinalupihan to Mariveles with a route bypassing the old town centers from Hermosa to Pilar and some portions of Orion, Limay and Mariveles through the Old National Road, Mariveles-Bagac Road from Mariveles to Bagac, and Gov. J.J. Linao National Rd. from Pilar to Morong. Jose Abad Santos Avenue and Gov. J.J. Linao National Rd. serve the Subic Bay Freeport Zone (SBFZ) having juridictions on the provinces of Bataan (Hermosa and Morong) and Zambales (Subic and Olongapo City) therefore both roads also serve the province of Zambales, and the latter serves Mt. Samat. With this, Bataan highway networks form the provincial loop.
Buses connect the major towns on the east coast. There is limited bus service to the western coast from Balanga.

## See

* First Abucay Catholic Church
* Mount Samat – Hosts the Mount Samal National Shrine, containing the cross-shaped Dambana ng Kagitingan (Shrine of Valor) built to honor Filipinos and Americans who died during their last stand at Bataan daring World War II.
* Bataan Death March Marker – Kilometer posts are found along the route of this infamous march across Bataan.
* Bataan National Park
* Zero Kilometer Death March Marker – The Bataan Death March began in Mariveles and stretched for 102 km (63 mi).
* Mariveles Volcano
* Bataan Death March Marker
* Mt. Natib
* Dunsulan Falls
* Las Casas Filipinas de Acuzar in Bagac. It is a living museum housing a collection of Spanish-era buildings, which are either reconstructions or replicas.
* Bataan Nuclear Power Plant in Morong – The Philippines first and only nuclear power plant, which never operated (though plans to reactivate it remain). Can be visited by guided tour.

## Sleep

* D'Samat Hotel. Camacho Street. phone +63 47 2373869. AC single/double rooms with own bathroom from ₱600.
* Las Casas Filipinas De Acuzar. Las Casas Road, Bagac. +63 9178729361. the most Upscale accommodation in all of Bataan

## Stay healthy

* Bataan General Hospital. Balanga City. +63 47-237-1274. (DOH Hospital)

## Go next

* Subic
* Olongapo
* Zambales