# Manitoba

Manitoba is a province in the Prairies of Canada. It is well known for its agriculture, culture and history. Visitors come for the fishing and other outdoor activities, although there are several historical sites worth visiting.

## Regions

* Central Manitoba A largely agricultural region that includes the Pembina Valley and the Central Plains.
* Eastern Manitoba A region with a very diverse ethnic cultural background: First Nations (Indigenous), Métis, Ukrainian, French, Mennonite, British, and Dutch.
* Interlake The region between Lake Winnipeg and Lake Manitoba; it is popular for its many beaches, and for boating and fishing.
* North of 53 The sparsely-populated northern half of Manitoba that is home to many polar bears.
* Prairie Mountain Including Parkland and Western Manitoba.
* Winnipeg The capital city of the province, also known as "Gateway to the West" and "Winterpeg".

## Cities

* 49.895556-97.1386111 Winnipeg — with over half of the province's population, Winnipeg is its metropolis, with museums, galleries, a mix of cultures, and many historical sites
* 49.833333-99.952 Brandon — the province's second largest city
* 58.7692-94.16923 Churchill — the polar bear capital of the world
* 51.149444-100.0494444 Dauphin — it's named after the heir to the French throne, but a quarter of the population speaks Ukrainian
* 54.768056-101.8641675 Flin Flon — a mining town with a sense of humour: it was named after a character in a novel
* 49.5258-96.68396 Steinbach — visit the Mennonite Heritage Village
* 49.972778-98.2919447 Portage la Prairie — its early 18th-century French fort is a must for history buffs, and the crossing of Canada's two transcontinental railways draws train fans
* 55.743333-97.8552788 Thompson — the bustling metropolis of the North (population 13,000)
* 49.1817-97.93979 Winkler — explore the town's Mennonite heritage

## Other destinations

* 50.5681-96.56171 Grand Beach Provincial Park — 12-m-high dunes and kilometres of warm sand beach
* 55.197778-98.3966672 Pisew Falls Provincial Park — beautiful 13-m-high waterfalls accessible from the parking lot
* 50.8639-100.0363 Riding Mountain National Park — three different ecosystems converge in the area: grasslands, upland boreal and eastern deciduous forests
* 51-954 Pimachiowin Aki – Canada's only mixed world heritage site

## Understand

The province has 1.3 million inhabitants, half of them in Winnipeg, the capital. One-tenth of the population belongs to the First Nations (Indigenous) peoples.
It has a widely varied landscape, from arctic tundra and the Hudson Bay coastline in the north, to dense boreal forest and prairie farmland in the central and southern regions.

### History

Indigenous peoples have inhabited what is now Manitoba for thousands of years. In the early 17th century, European fur traders began arriving in the area and establishing settlements along the Nelson, Assiniboine, and Red rivers, and on the Hudson Bay shoreline. Great Britain secured control of the region in 1673, and created a territory named Rupert's Land which was placed under the control of the Hudson's Bay Company. Rupert's Land, which covered all of present-day Manitoba, developed significant settlements of Indigenous and Métis people in the Red River Colony.
In 1869, negotiations with the Government of Canada for the creation of the province of Manitoba commenced. During the negotiations, several factors led to an armed uprising of the Métis people against the Government of Canada, a conflict known as the Red River Rebellion. The resolution of the rebellion and further negotiations led to Manitoba becoming the fifth province to join Canadian Confederation, when the Parliament of Canada passed the Manitoba Act on July 15, 1870.

### Climate

Manitoba has an extreme continental climate. Because of the generally flat landscape, it is exposed to cold Arctic high-pressure air masses from the northwest during January and February. In the summer, air masses sometimes come out of the Southern United States, as warm humid air is drawn northward from the Gulf of Mexico. Temperatures exceed 30 °C (86 °F) frequently in the summer, and the combination of heat and humidity can bring the humidex value to the mid-40s. Within Canada, Manitoba has the clearest skies year round, and ranked second for clearest skies in the summer and for the sunniest province in the winter and spring.
Southern Manitoba (including the city of Winnipeg), falls into the humid continental climate zone. This area is cold and windy in the winter and often has blizzards because of the open landscape. Summers are warm with a moderate length. This region is the most humid area in the prairie provinces, with moderate precipitation. Southwestern Manitoba is drier and more prone to droughts than other parts of southern Manitoba. This area is cold and windy in the winter and has frequent blizzards due to the openness of the Canadian Prairie landscape. Summers are generally warm to hot, with low to moderate humidity.
Southern parts of the province just north of Tornado Alley, experience tornadoes, with 16 confirmed touchdowns in 2016.
The province's northern sections (including the city of Thompson) fall in the Subarctic climate zone. This region features long and extremely cold winters and brief, warm summers with little precipitation. Overnight temperatures as low as −40 °C (−40 °F) occur on several days each winter.

### Tourist information

* Travel Manitoba website

## Talk

English is the predominant language. French is also spoken in Winnipeg and other parts of the province. Ukrainian, Polish, German, Filipino (primarily Tagalog), Icelandic, and First Nations languages (Cree and Ojibway) are also spoken in local circles.

## Get in
### By bus

* Ontario Northland, toll-free: +1-800-461-8558. Operates primarily in Northern Ontario. Routes travel as far west as Winnipeg, as far south as Toronto, and as far east as Ottawa. (updated Apr 2022) Direct services between Winnipeg and Thunder Bay.
* Kasper Bus, ☏ +1-807-699-7200, toll-free: +1-855-566-2378. Operates bus service in Northern Ontario and Manitoba. (updated May 2022) Operates a route between Winnipeg and Sioux Lookout. Same day connection available between Sioux Lookout to Thunder Bay.
* Rider Express, toll-free: +1-833-583-3636. Offers interprovincial bus service on its Regina-Winnipeg route. It has a network of routes that span from Winnipeg to Vancouver. (updated Feb 2021)

### By plane

International travellers coming by plane to Manitoba will arrive in the international airport in Winnipeg. Smaller cities usually have domestic-only air service.
* Winnipeg James Armstrong Richardson International Airport (YWG), ☏ +1 204-987-9402.

### By train

    See also: Rail travel in Canada
* VIA Rail Canada, toll-free: +1-888-842-7245. Operates trains routes across Canada. (updated Apr 2022) Routes operating in Manitoba:
** The Canadian transcontinental train makes six stops in Manitoba, with the primary hub in Winnipeg. Major cities outside Manitoba on this route are Vancouver, Edmonton, Saskatoon, and Toronto.
** Operating primarily in Manitoba and partly in eastern Saskatchewan is the Winnipeg-Churchill train, which travels to the Northern Manitoba town of Churchill on the shores of Hudson Bay.

### By car
#### Within Canada

Highway 1 (Trans-Canada Highway) runs for 519 km (322 miles) through southern Manitoba and Winnipeg. The Trans-Canada Highway connects westbound from Ottawa and eastbound from Regina. Nearly the entire route in the Prairies is a divided 4-lane roadway. It is also the only road that crosses the Ontario–Manitoba border.
Highway 16 (Yellowhead Highway) terminates at its junction with Highway 1 west of Portage la Prairie. The highway is an east-west highway travelling from British Columbia along a route significantly more north than Highway 1. Eastbound travel on Highway 16 includes from Edmonton and Saskatoon.

#### From the United States

Interstate 29 in North Dakota connects to Manitoba Highway 75 at the Pembina ND-Emerson MB border. From Minnesota, traffic on U.S. Route 75 will need to detour slightly west to the I-29 border crossing, as the Noyes MN-Emerson MB crossing on US 75 is closed. Route 59 is an alternative, though most of it is only a two-lane highway.

### On foot

There is relatively little within walking distance of Manitoba's borders; this is sparsely-populated rural prairie and bitterly cold in winter (-20°C is not uncommon). The largest of these tiny border villages is Emerson (population 600), which is 8 km (5 miles) centre-to-centre from Pembina, North Dakota.

## Get around
### By car

Like most of Canada's provinces, Manitoba is large, so a car or any other road vehicle is probably the most convenient way to get around Winnipeg and all areas in the province.
The default speed limit in Manitoba urban areas is 50 km/h and 90 km/h on rural roads. 100 and 110 km/h roads may still be found on divided highways, with some 100 km/h zones on high-quality undivided highways.

### By train

VIA Rail runs an intraprovincial service from Winnipeg Union Station to Churchill in the far north, three trains weekly. The complete 1700 km journey takes 37 hours. A branch line from The Pas continues northwest to Pukatawagan twice weekly.

## See
### Historical sites

There are many historical sites and ruins found in Manitoba from the fur trade era of Canada.
Learn about the life in the past by visiting the Lower Fort Garry Historic Site found in the Interlake region that shows how life was like in the 1800s.
Another place to visit is the remains of the St. Boniface Cathedral in Winnipeg which was burned down now another church is placed inside the cathedral ruins.
The Forks National Historic Site is a place where people have been meeting for around 6000 years. The Forks is the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers, Winnipeg's founding place. There are many different activities to do at the Forks like shopping at the Forks Market, the Johnson Terminal. Skating on river paths is a popular activity during winter. The Forks is a beautiful place in the heart of the city that includes things like parks,gardens, sculptures, shops, and restaurants. The site is a model for urban renewal and waterfront development.
Another great place to visit in Winnipeg is the Exchange District in downtown Winnipeg, the Exchange District is well known for its well preserved and stunning turn of the century architecture telling the story of Winnipeg's amazing history. The Exchange District is now a days well known for its trendy boutiques, restaurants, cafes, and cool theatres. The Exchange District holds many festivals including The Winnipeg Fringe Festival.

### Museums and galleries

Winnipeg has the spectacular Canadian Museum for Human Rights, which opened in 2014 as the first museum focused on human rights. The city is also home to the Manitoba Museum, the Winnipec Art Gallery, and many other cultural institutions. Smaller cities in the province typically gave smaller, regional museums and galleries.

### Wildlife and gardens

The International Peace Garden found on the Canada-US border near Bossivain in Western region is a beautiful place that celebrates the peace between Canada and US. Oak Hammock Marsh found in the Interlake region is a nature reserve where you can see many different type of birds including the Canada goose and the Snowy Owl. Riding Mountain National Park is an excellent area to see large wild mammals and many species of birds in their natural habitat.

## Do
### Bear watching

Churchill is known for its Polar Bears and Riding Mountain National Park and adjacent Prairie Mountain area for its abundant population of Black Bears that vary in color from blond, cinnamon and chocolate to black.

### Fishing

During the summer time there are many fishing areas found in Manitoba like in Lockport found in the Interlake region is an example where you can see many fishermen around the Red River. During the winter time you can experience ice fishing where people can rent huts to go ice fishing in.
The Prairie Mountain region has world-class trout lakes.

### Festivals

There are many festivals in different regions of Manitoba.
Some of the best known festivals celebrated in this region is the Folklorama festival found all over Winnipeg.
The Winnipeg Fringe Festival is a popular festival that takes place in Winnipeg's Exchange District.
Another popular festival in Winnipeg is the Festival du Voyageur during February at Fort Gibraltar.
The Corn and Apple festival found in Morden found in the Pembina Valley region which sells some of its delicious Morden sweet corn and apple cider.

### Beaches

There are also many inland beaches found throughout the province. Some of the well known beaches are Grand Beach and Winnipeg Beach in the Interlake region that are along Lake Winnipeg. Lake Winnipeg is the world's 11th-largest lake.

### Winter activities

During the winter time there are many activities available like tobogganing on some of the toboggan slide like the one found in Kildonan Park in Winnipeg. Skating on the river paths including skating on world's longest skating trail on the Assiniboine and Red Rivers, and other skating trails in Winnipeg. Snowmobiling throughout the province is a fun way to get around.
Always check the weather report prior to going out in winter. Temperatures can reach as low as −40 °C (−40 °F) from late December to early March, presenting significant dangers for anyone who is unprepared.

## Buy

An 8% provincial sales tax is added to most retail products sold in Manitoba, in addition to the 5% federal value added tax.

## Eat

Enjoy the fine grain products such as the different varieties of bread offered in the different communities and restaurants. Manitoba also is known for producing the best pork products in the world, including back bacon. A popular dish in Manitoba are perogies.

## Drink

The drinking age is 18 - younger than most other provinces in Canada. Manitoba is also the home of Crown Royal in Gimli.
The tap water in most communities is quite delicious, as far as water goes, though in some locales, where wells are used to supply the municipal water system, there is a pronounced mineral taste. The provincial capital of Winnipeg has an aftertaste to its water, though it does not settle-out solids like, say the water in Regina, Saskatchewan. Manitoba is known as one of the wettest provinces, and has in excess of 100,000 lakes.

## Sleep

Those interested in meeting people and learning about Manitoba rural culture could stay at a B&B or a farm.

## Study

Manitoba is home to many excellent educational institutions, offering a wide range of study options.

### Universities

* University of Manitoba, , located in Winnipeg, is the largest university in Manitoba. It offers undergraduate and graduate degree programs in various fields such as Arts, Engineering, Law, Medicine, and Business.
* University of Winnipeg, , also located in Winnipeg, offers undergraduate and graduate degree programs in various fields such as Arts, Business and Economics, Education, and Science.
* Brandon University, , located in Brandon, offers undergraduate and graduate degree programs in various fields such as Arts, Education, Music, and Science.

### Colleges and Technical Institutes

* Red River College, , located in Winnipeg, is Manitoba's largest institute of applied learning and research, offering diploma, certificate, and apprenticeship programs in various fields such as Business, Health Sciences, Trades, and Technology.
* Assiniboine Community College, , located in Brandon, offers diploma and certificate programs in various fields such as Agriculture, Business, Health Sciences, and Trades.

### Language Schools

* Heartland International English School, , located in Winnipeg, offers English language training for international students.
* International College of Manitoba, , located in Winnipeg, offers programs for international students to improve their English language proficiency and to prepare for university studies in Canada.

### Other

* Canadian Mennonite University, , located in Winnipeg, is a Christian university offering undergraduate degree programs in various fields such as Arts, Business, Music, and Social Science.
* Manitoba Institute of Trades and Technology, , located in Winnipeg, offers certificate and diploma programs in various trades such as Automotive Technology, Construction Trades, and Information Technology.

## Stay safe
### Weather

Winters in Manitoba are harsh, and the relative lack of moderating effects by oceans and its relative flatness makes most of the province exposed to weather extremes. Parts of Manitoba near lakes are prone to lake effect snow. Summers are another story, with the possibility of high humidity when the warm air from the Gulf of Mexico in the south blows through the province.

### West Nile Virus

There have been some cases of West Nile Virus in the province it is recommended that you do the following things:
* Reduce the number of hours you spend outside especially during dusk and dawn
* Use mosquito repellent
* Wear light coloured and loose fitting clothing

## Go next

* Neighbouring provinces of Saskatchewan and Ontario, Nunavut and the Northwest Territories
* The state of North Dakota
* Travel on the Trans-Canada Highway