# North Bohemia

North Bohemia is a region in the Czech Republic and it consists of Ústí nad Labem Region and Liberec Region. This part of the country is not a popular travel destination because it had few well-known sights. But North Bohemia offers breathtaking sceneries (Bohemian Switzerland National Park, Ceske Stredohori, Bohemian Paradise), where Elbe river flatland meets mountains and creates amazing rock structures, picturesque historic towns, and some of the best castles and chateaux in the country.
North Bohemia was the heartland of Sudetenland, the German area in Czech lands (for more information, see "Understand"). Cruel and poignant memories of the 20th century are everywhere. From wealthy German villas (often abandoned now) and spas from prosperous pre-war era to Terezin concentration camp and devastated countryside because of communist-era coal mining and heavy industry.

## Cities

* 50.77026515.0583951 Liberec – The biggest city (pop. 100 000) in North Bohemia and centre of Liberec Region nestled in the Jizerske Hory, at the foot of the Jested Mountain (1012 metres). In contrast with industrial Decin, Usti nad Labem, Most or Chomutov, Liberec is a lively and beautiful city with a big zoo, botanic garden, some good restaurants and more attractions.
* 50.66843214.040882 Ústí nad Labem – The second biggest city and capital of Usti nad Labem Region, known for heavy industry and most important Czech river port on Elbe river. Except for the small Střekov castle, Usti has not much to offer (the historic centre survived World War II but was destroyed by communists), however it is a good starting point for hikes in Bohemia Switzerland National Park and Central Bohemian Uplands (see "Other destinations")
* 50.37608613.2713973 Kadaň
* 50.50327413.6361124 Most – Although city's (pop. 70 000) the old medieval centre was destroyed in favour of coal mining and heavy industry, castle Hnevin and gothic church (which was moved by train to the newly constructed town almost kilometre away; according to the Guinness Book of World Records, it is heaviest building ever moved on wheels) remain as a reminder of the German past.
* 50.7824214.2147225 Děčín – A big city (pop. 50,000) on Elbe river with baroque chateau and synagogue in Art Nouveau style.
* 50.46074213.4177226 Chomutov – Another big city with quite nice historic centre with one of the oldest gothic churches in Europe.
* 50.64066413.8244467 Teplice – A city (pop. 50,000) known for its thermal spas.
* 50.5340814.1317998 Litoměřice – Pretty historic town (pop. 24,000), seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Litoměřice. Dominant in the town is the Cathedral of St. Stephen.
* 50.32744213.5459529 Žatec – A small (pop. 19,000) historic town located in a hops-producing area.
* 50.68654514.53729710 Česká Lípa – A centre (pop. 40,000) of Kokořínsko landscape protected area.
* 50.95157614.5571111 Rumburk – A small historic town located near the German border.

## Other destinations

* 50.88518314.3805181 Bohemian Switzerland National Park (České Švýcarsko) – Largest natural sandstone arch called "Pravcicka Brana," and other unique sandstone formation are part of the small and picturesque National Park, right on the borders with Germany.
* 50.50717915.1000172 Bohemian Paradise (Český ráj) – Favorite summer destination for many Czechs, Bohemian Paradise is a Protected Landscape Area with sandstone rocks and plenty of picturesque castles and chateaux, just ideal for hiking.
* 50.81915.2123 Jizera Mountains (Jizerské hory)
* 50.82318414.2545954 Elbe Sandstone Mountains (Labské pískovce)
* 50.62214.1875 Central Bohemian Uplands (České Středohoří) – Different from the rest of Czech mountains. The highest peak, Milesovka, is just 800 metres high. What makes this protected landscape area (second largest protected landscape area in the Czech Republic) beautiful is combination of Elbe river flatland and cone-shape mountains of volcanic origin (difference between highest and lowest point is 700 metres!). You can reach the area easily, because highway connecting Prague and Berlin goes right through it.
* 50.50577714.5583456 Kokořínsko – Protected landscape area - another great landscape with amazing rocks, but Kokorisnko offers much more. For example "Czech sea" Macha's Lake (it is actually just a big pond) one of the biggest bodies of water in the Czech Republic, and Bezdez Castle from 13th century.
* 50.5137 Krušné hory (Ore Mountains)
* 50.8223714.8204368 Lusatian Mountains (Lužické hory)

## Understand

This area used by to be inhabited by Germans, who had been invited by Czech kings in the early Middle Ages. This area had a German majority and was called Sudety (Sudetenland). It was one of the wealthiest and most industrialized regions in Austria-Hungary and then Czechoslovakia. Before the beginning of World War II, in 1938, Sudetenland was annexed by Nazi Germany. After the war, the whole German population of 3 million people was deported to Germany, and the region was resettled by Czechs from outside the region. Large German villas are reminders of its past.
The North Bohemian landscape is stunning. On the borders with Germany and Poland are the Ore Mountains (Krusne hory), Lusatian Mountains (Luzicke hory) and Jizera Mountains (Jizerske hory). The Elbe valley, also located here, is the lowest point in the Czech Republic. The Central Bohemian Mountains (Ceske Stredohori) are of volcanic origin, and can be found with rock structures in the Bohemian Switzerland National Park.

## Talk

Despite the German past, now more than 90 percent of people are Czechs. This is not Prague or Cesky Krumlov, so be prepared that people may not speak English. German and Russian are often spoken by older residents. For more information, see: information in the Czech republic guide

## Get in
### By bus

Bus is a good option to get to regional metropolises Liberec and Usti nad Labem and it takes one hour and couple of minutes.

### By train

Since Usti nad Labem is an important railway junction between Prague and Berlin, the train is best way to get there and it takes just one hour from Prague hlavni nadrazi (main railway station). To Liberec, there is no direct train connection from Prague and bus is definitely better option.

### By car

Usti nad Labem and Liberec are well connected with Prague via highway (Usti - D8 motorway, Liberec - R10 expressway). It takes just about 1 hour driving.

## Get around

Railway network is dense in North Bohemia. Using train, you can get to almost every town here. Buses are common too.

### By foot

Great option how to explore many sights in this region is by walk. Lots of beautiful towns, castles ad chateau are located close to each other and are often set in beautiful landscape. Tourist trails are well marked and can be found in every corner of North Bohemia.

### By boat

It is possible to see some North Bohemian and Saxon sights (Dresden, Meissen, Königstein) with Labská Plavební, which offers cruises on river Elbe from Děčín and Ústí nad Labem.

## See

If you like landscapes, go to Bohemian Paradise, České Středohoří or mountains on the borders (see other destinations). These areas are also great for people interested in architecture and history. One of the best and most famous Czech castles (Bezděz, Kost, Kokořín, Frýdlant, Trosky, Houska) and chateaux (Mnichovo Hradiště, Frýdlant, Jilemnice, Zákupy, Hrubá Skála and many, many more) can be found there. Although big North Bohemian cities can one called ugly, smaller towns are surprisingly beautiful. Jičín, Kadan, Louny, Žatec, Litoměřice, Roudnice nad Labem, Úštěk or Chomutov has well preserved gothic and baroque historic centres.
If you prefer modern architecture, you should not miss Jested Mountain with Jested Tower on the top of the mountain. This is one of the best Czech buildings built during Communism and is well known among foreign architects due its hyperboloid shape, which naturally extends the silhouette of the hill. Moreover, there are great views of Liberec city and whole Bohemia as well.
* 50.5110414.1499931 Terezin. A small town and originally military fortress from Habsburg era, best known for Terezin concentration camp.
* 50.58535614.3477892 Úštěk. A small town located few kilometres from Litomerice with well preserved gothic houses.

### Natural sights

* 50.76952314.4846733 Panská Skála. A curious rock structure, which looks like an organ, is definitely worth a visit. The rock structure is made of columnar basalt. There is nothing like that in the Czech Republic. It is located in the little town Kamenický Šenov, 17 kilometres from Česká Lípa.
* 50.38657614.2883794 Říp Mountain. A 450 metre high solitary hill rising up from the central Bohemian flatland. It is the place, where according to legend, the first Czech people settled. Old rotunda of Saint George can be found on the top.

### Miscellaneous

* 50.584414.37175 Ostré.
* 50.511914.49866 Pustý zámek.
* 50.58305614.6497227 Lake Mácha (Máchovo jezero).
* 50.58890215.1581828 Museum of the Bohemian Paradise in Turnov.
* 50.54515.1941679 Hrubá Skála Castle (Hrubá Skála (zámek)).
* 50.64684815.33820210 Bozkovské dolomite caves.
* 50.739915.345411 Viewing tower Maják Járy Cimrmana.
* 50.63666715.21222212 Suché skály (Kantorovy varhany).
* 50.61260515.36034913 Cimrman's world's smallest lookout tower.

## Do
### Hiking

Network of walking trails is dense and trails are well marked. Moreover, the landscape is beautiful, with sandstone rocks and many castles and chateaux (look at the See section above). Bohemian Paradise is most popular destination and there is plenty of places, where you can rest, eat, sleep or buy a souvenir. However, in summer it could be a bit crowded.
If you are fan of unplanned hiking, Central Bohemian Uplands is the place you will love. There are dozens of small hills that are near the road, so you can just stop and go for a short hike with beautiful views. Since most of the hills don’t have many trees on them, no hiking trails are needed and you can just go straight up. As a bonus, you will most probably be the only one on the hill you choose.
* 50.602514.4541671 Vlhošť.
* 50.580114.47292 Martinská stěna (Martinské stěny).
* 50.58944414.6322223 Staré Splavy. A small spa
* 50.579914.66834 NPP Swamp.
* 50.593514.70265 Břehyně - Pecopala.
* 50.558515.12496 Vústra.
* 50.551615.18377 Hruboskalsko nature reserve.

### Biking

Biking is also popular due to flatland located here. However, cycling some mountains in České Středohoří or Jizera Mouinains can be more challenging.

### Swimming

You can swim and sunbathe on shores of Machovo jezero (Macha's Lake) in Kokořínsko landscape protected area.

### Water tourism

Why go by foot, if you can borrow canoe, kayak or inflatable boat and follow many Czech tourists on Ohře and Jizera rivers.

### Spas

* Teplice
* Bílina

### Winter sports

Due to several mountains on borders with Germany and Poland, there are few small ski resorts.
* Krupka, near Usti nad Labem and Teplice
* Loucna, near Chomutov
* Jested in Liberec
* Bedrichov, Bila and Severak around Liberec.
* Kliny, near Litvínov
* Mezihoří, near Chomutov

### Motor sports

The race tracks 50.51805613.598 Autodrom Most and 50.65926914.5382139 Autodrom Sosnová are popular among amateur and professional racers.

## Buy

This whole region is famous for its glasswork and crystals. The manufacturing process of these crystals are listed as UNESCO heritage. Consider buying crystal decorations manufactured by factories in this region.

## Drink
### Beer

In North Bohemia are several local breweries. The area around Žatec is well known for production of hops. In Žatec there is a museum about hops and brewing. In the towns Žatec and Louny you can find many local town breweries that are usually connected to a restaurant.
Local breweries
* Studánka in Liberec
* Frýdlant chateau brewery
* Cvikov
* Restaurant with brewery in Děčín
* Křinice brewery in Krásná Lípa
* Klášter brewery in Mnichovo Hradiště

### Wine

Among the most northerly in Europe, two only Bohemian wine subregions (the bigger wine area is in South Moravia) are located in North Bohemia, thanks to Elbe's rivers flatland. Wineyards are around towns Mělník (officially part of Central Bohemia Region) and Litoměřice

## Stay safe

North Bohemia has an above average crime rate compared to the rest of the Czech Republic. However, there are significant differences between the eastern and western areas. Liberec and its suburbs are mostly safe. On the other hand, some cities in Usti nad Labem Region have ghettos (for example Chanov quarter in Most) with population of poor people, usually Romani origin. Avoid these places if you want to stay safe. Of course, if you are interested in exploring the poorest parts of countries, take the risk and go there.

## Go next

Your next destination can be Prague and Central Bohemia, Pilsen and spas in West Bohemia, Krkonose Mountains and some beautiful towns in East Bohemia or Germany (Sachsen).