# Cotswolds

    This article is about the area in England. For the area of North Carolina, see Charlotte/Cotswold
The Cotswolds are a range of rolling hills spread over parts of south-west and south central England. Designated an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty in 1966, it has unique features derived from the local golden-coloured limestone known as Cotswold stone. The predominantly rural landscape containing stone-built villages, historical towns, and stately homes and gardens, is known worldwide. Many consider the Cotswolds as representative of the archetypal English landscape.
The area is roughly 25 mi (40 km) across and 90 mi (140 km) long, stretching south-west from just below Stratford-upon-Avon to just beyond Bath. It is within easy reach of London and several other English urban centres. The Cotswolds lie across the boundaries of several English counties; mainly Gloucestershire and Oxfordshire, but also parts of Wiltshire, Somerset, Worcestershire and Warwickshire. The highest point of the region is Cleeve Hill at 1,083 ft (330 m), just to the north of Cheltenham.

## Cities, towns and villages
### Cities

* 51.381389-2.3597221 Bath – world-famous Roman and Baroque spa town constructed out of Cotswold stone
* 51.87-2.242 Gloucester – known for its Gothic cathedral where the boy king Henry III was crowned
* 51.75-1.253 Oxford – the vibrant and ancient City of Dreaming Spires

### Towns

* 51.808-1.6374 Burford – a gateway to the Cotswolds from the east, best known for its wildlife park
* 51.883333-2.0666675 Cheltenham – elegant spa town with many events throughout the year including literature and jazz festivals, and the equestrian Gold Cup.
* 51.4585-2.11586 Chippenham – market town from where several south Cotswold villages can be accessed
* 52.052-1.7797 Chipping Campden – a town with several interesting large houses and gardens
* 51.94-1.558 Chipping Norton – a friendly Oxfordshire market town with access to Blenheim Palace and the Rollright Stones.
* 51.719-1.9689 Cirencester – Roman heritage and a bustling Saturday market
* 51.641-1.85610 Cricklade – 9th-century Saxon town close to the source of the River Thames
* 51.708-1.78511 Fairford – known for its wool and nearby RAF airfield and airshow
* 51.5848-2.099612 Malmesbury – town known for its historic abbey, one of the few English houses with a continual history from the 7th century through to the Dissolution of the Monasteries
* 51.988-1.70113 Moreton-in-Marsh – yet another pretty town with access to gardens such as Batsford Arboretum
* 51.928-1.71814 Stow-on-the-Wold – cute cottages, a quaint market square and a "magical door": Stow is selfie central for Instagrammers and Weiboers alike.
* 51.744-2.21515 Stroud – a smaller town with a rich industrial heritage based around textile mills which were placed to take advantage of both the local Cotswold sheep and the rivers which run through the five valleys and converge in Stroud. Sometimes considered alternative and nicknamed 'Notting Hill in wellies'.
* 51.636-2.15816 Tetbury – Charles III's Highgrove House and the fabulous Westonbirt Arboretum
* 51.957205-1.96920417 Winchcombe – home to Sudeley Castle and Hailes Abbey
* 51.78-1.4918 Witney – market town near Oxford, known historically for its woollen blankets

### Villages

* 51.886-1.75919 Bourton-on-the-Water – attractive riverside village known for having a model village of itself
* 52.04-1.8620 Broadway – country retreat of Victorian designer William Morris; a good base for hiking, including up to Broadway Tower
* 51.493-2.22921 Castle Combe – this pretty village has no castle, but it does have a motor racing circuit!
* 51.8064-1.925822 Chedworth – Chedworth Roman villa is a ruin, but does have some impressive 4th-century mosaics

## Understand
### History

During the Middle Ages, the Cotswolds became prosperous from the wool trade with the Continent. Much of this wealth was directed towards the building of churches, the area still preserving a large number of large, handsome Cotswold Stone "wool churches". The area remains affluent and has attracted wealthy Londoners and others who own second homes in the area or have chosen to retire to the Cotswolds.
Typical Cotswold towns are Broadway, Burford, Chipping Norton, Cirencester, Moreton-in-Marsh and Stow-on-the-Wold. The Cotswold town of Chipping Campden is notable for being the home of the Arts and Crafts movement, founded by William Morris at the end of the 19th and beginning of the 20th centuries. William Morris lived, occasionally, in Broadway Tower a folly now in country park.

### Geography

The Cotswolds run generally south-west to north-east, the northern and western edges marked by steep escarpments down to the valleys of the rivers Severn and Avon and the city of Gloucester, the eastern boundary by the city of Oxford (the university "city of dreaming spires"), the west by Stroud, and the south by the middle reaches of the Thames Valley and towns such as Cirencester, Lechlade and Fairford. Key physical features of the area, including the characteristic uplift of the 'Cotswold Edge' can be clearly seen as far south as Bath.
The Cotswolds are characterised by attractive small towns and villages built of the underlying rock, known as "Cotswold Stone" (actually, a yellow oolitic limestone).

### Visitor information

* Cotswolds visitor information website

## Talk

Due to the regional spread of the Cotswolds you will hear many different accents. Predominantly though, as most of the Cotswolds lies in the county of Gloucestershire, you may find locals speak with a heavy Gloucestershire accent. The area has attracted the Royals and various celebrities, which together with the beauty of the area in general, has attracted residents originating from London and the South East, so this too diversifies the accents you may hear.

## Get in
### By plane

There are several major airports within easy reach of the Cotswolds:
* London Heathrow Airport (LHR) is one of the world's largest international airports, with flights from destinations throughout the UK, Europe, Africa, Asia, and North and South America. By road, Heathrow Airport is around 50 mi (80 km) from Oxford (using and ) or 100 mi (160 km) from Bath (using ). Several coaches link Heathrow Airport with destinations in the Cotswolds, including: The Airline/National Express 210 to Oxford, National Express 403 to Bath, and National Express 444 to Cirencester, Cheltenham and Gloucester. By train, use Elizabeth line or Heathrow Express to Paddington and change for Great Western Railway services into the Cotswolds.
* London Gatwick Airport (LGW) is a major international airport, with flights from a great many destinations in Europe and further afield, including Asia and North America. The Airline and National Express 210 link Gatwick Airport with the Cotswolds.
* Bristol Airport (BRS) is a major international airport with flights from UK and European destinations, around 18 mi (29 km) from Bath by road. Bus route A4 Air Decker is a direct connection between the terminal building with Bath city centre.
* Birmingham Airport (BHX) is a major international airport with flights from destinations throughout Europe and the Middle East, around 65 mi (105 km) from Oxford by road (using and ). Coach route National Express 210 links Birmingham Airport with Oxford city centre. CrossCountry trains operate a direct service between Birmingham International and Oxford.

### By train

Some Cotswold cities, towns and villages have excellent railway connections, with regular trains from major destinations throughout Great Britain.
From London Paddington, use Great Western Railway trains to: Oxford, Hanborough, Combe, Finstock, Charlbury, Ascott-under-Wychwood, Shipton, Kingham, Moreton-in-Marsh, Honeybourne, Kemble (near Cirencester), Stroud, Stonehouse, Gloucester, Cheltenham Spa, Bath Spa, Chippenham.
From London Marylebone, use Chiltern Railways trains to Oxford and Oxford Parkway.
From Hereford and Worcester, use Great Western Railway trains to: Honeybourne, Moreton-in-Marsh, Kingham, Shipton, Ascott-under-Wychwood, Charlbury, Finstock, Combe, Hanborough, Oxford, Cheltenham Spa and Gloucester.
From Bristol, use Great Western Railway trains to: Oldfield Park (Bath), Bath Spa, Freshford, Avoncliff, Bradford on Avon, Chippenham, Gloucester and Cheltenham Spa.
There are direct long-distance trains to:
* Bath Spa - Great Western Railway services from Penzance, Plymouth, Exeter St Davids, Weston-super-Mare, Frome, Cardiff Central, Newport, Bristol Temple Meads, Trowbridge, Weymouth, Salisbury, Southampton Central and Portsmouth.
* Cheltenham Spa and Gloucester - CrossCountry, Great Western Railway and Transport for Wales (TfW) services from Weymouth, Penzance, Plymouth, Exeter St Davids, Bristol Temple Meads, Bridgend, Cardiff Central, Newport, Lydney (Forest of Dean), Worcester, Birmingham New Street, Derby, Nottingham, Sheffield, Leeds, York, Durham, Newcastle upon Tyne and Edinburgh.
* Oxford - Chiltern Railways, CrossCountry and Great Western Railway services from Bournemouth, Southampton Central, Reading, Worcester, Birmingham International, Birmingham New Street, Manchester Piccadilly and High Wycombe.
From further afield, passengers to Hanborough, Combe, Finstock, Charlbury, Ascott-under-Wychwood, Shipton, Kingham, Moreton-in-Marsh and Honeybourne should change at either Reading, Oxford, Worcestershire Parkway or Worcester. Passengers to Kemble, Stroud or Stonehouse should change at Swindon, Gloucester or Cheltenham.
Passengers must buy a ticket before they travel.
Some stations in the Cotswolds are unstaffed, with few public transport options for onward travel. You can plan your journey online and buy tickets using a reputable website, like National Rail or The Trainline.

### By coach

There are several National Express coach routes into the Cotswolds, including:
* 160 into Oxford from Bournemouth, Southampton and Birmingham Coach Station
* 210 into Oxford from London Gatwick Airport, London Heathrow Airport, Wolverhampton, Birmingham Coach Station and Birmingham Airport
* 403 into Chippenham and Bath from London Victoria Coach Station and London Heathrow Airport
* 444 into Cirencester, Cheltenham and Gloucester from London Victoria Coach Station and London Heathrow Airport
* 445 into Cheltenham and Gloucester from London Victoria Coach Station and Hereford
* 737 into Oxford from London Stansted Airport, Harlow, Hertford, Luton Airport, Luton and Milton Keynes Coachway
The Oxford Tube connects London Victoria Coach Station, Marble Arch, Baker Street, Notting Hill Gate, Shepherd's Bush, White City and Hillingdon (all London) with Oxford. Some services continue to Witney, Minster Lovell and Carterton.
The Airline connects London Gatwick Airport and London Heathrow Airport with Oxford.
Major bus routes into the Cotswolds include:
* Stagecoach 1/2 into Moreton-in-Marsh from Stratford-upon-Avon
* First D1 into Bradford on Avon and Bath from Warminster and Trowbridge
* Stagecoach S1 between Carterton, Witney and Oxford
* Stagecoach S2 between Cheltenham, Burford, Witney and Oxford
* Stagecoach S3 between Chipping Norton and Oxford
* Air Decker A4 into Bath from Bristol Airport
* First 19 into Bath from Bristol Parkway
* First 39/X39 into Bath from Bristol Bus Station
* Stagecoach 50 into Chipping Norton from Stratford-upon-Avon and Shipston-on-Stour
* Stagecoach 51 into Cirencester and Cheltenham from Swindon
* Stagecoach 55 into Chippenham from Swindon
* Stagecoach 64 between Gloucester and Stroud

### By road

The Cotswolds is a large area, so journey planning is essential before you set off. There are several motorways and major routes into the landscape.
The passes through the southern Cotswolds, near Chippenham and Bath. The route is a direct connection from London, London Heathrow Airport, Reading, Swindon, Bristol, Newport, Cardiff, Bridgend, Swansea and West Wales. For The Cotswolds, exit at:
* for Oxford
* for Cirencester, Stroud, Gloucester and Cheltenham, and for Oxford
* for Chippenham, and for Cirencester, Bourton-on-the-Water and Stow-on-the-Wold
* for Bath, Stroud and Cheltenham
The runs along western edge of the Cotswold Hills, between the national landscape and the River Severn. The route is a direct connection from Birmingham, Worcester, Bristol, Weston-super-Mare and Devon. For The Cotswolds, exit at:
* for to Moreton-in-Marsh and Chipping Norton
* for Cheltenham
* for Gloucester, Cheltenham, Burford and Oxford
* for Gloucester, Cirencester and Oxford (via )
* for Gloucester, and B4008 for Stonehouse and Stroud
* for Stonehouse, Stroud and Cirencester
The passes the eastern edge of the Cotswold Hills, between London, the Chiltern Hills, Warwick and Birmingham. For The Cotswolds, exit at:
* for Oxford and Cheltenham
* for Oxford
* for to Chipping Norton and Burford
* for Moreton-in-Marsh, Stow-on-the-Wold, Bourton-on-the-Water and Cirencester
Other major routes into the Cotswolds include:
* into Chippenham and Bath from the North Wessex Downs, Marlborough and Bristol
* into Bath from Southampton, Salisbury and Warminster
* into Gloucester and Cheltenham from Bristol and Tewkesbury
* into Bath from Glastonbury, Wells and the Mendip Hills
* into Oxford, Witney, Burford, Cheltenham and Gloucester from London, High Wycombe, Ross-on-Wye, the Wye Valley National Landscape and the Brecon Beacons National Park
* into Moreton-in-Marsh, Chipping Norton and Oxford from Mid Wales, Worcester and Evesham
* into Bath, Stroud and Cheltenham from Stratford-upon-Avon and Evesham
* into Chippenham from Poole, Shaftesbury and Warminster
* into Burford and Chipping Norton from Swindon, Banbury and Daventry
* into Cirencester and Gloucester from Reading, Wantage and Ledbury
* into Cirencester and Stroud from Swindon
* into Cirencester, Bourton-on-the-Water, Stow-on-the-Wold, Moreton-in-Marsh from Leamington Spa and Warwick
* into Chipping Norton from Stratford-upon-Avon
* into Witney from Bicester (including Bicester Village shopping)
There are petrol stations in all major towns and cities, and in some villages. Many petrol stations, particularly supermarket petrol stations with pay-at-pump facilities, are open 24/7.
Some roadside petrol stations - on most major A-routes - are also open 24/7 but may charge a premium.

## Get around

Trains exist between some main towns, but the line from Cirencester was axed 30 years ago. The key lines are:
* Bristol Temple Meads–Filton Abbey Wood–Bristol Parkway–Yate–Cam & Dursley–Gloucester–Cheltenham Spa–Ashchurch for Tewkesbury–Worcester Shrub Hill–Worcester Foregate Street
* Swindon–Chippenham–Bath Spa–Bristol Temple Meads
* Swindon–Kemble–Stroud–Stonehouse–Gloucester
* Oxford–Hanborough–Charlbury–Kingham–Moreton-in-Marsh–Honeybourne–Evesham–Pershore–Worcester Shrub Hill—Worcester Foregate Street

### By car

As Bill Bryson said, this is the only option to see the Cotswolds. He was probably right. It's great walking country though - gentle hillsides not mountains.
Note: Take care of the cows on commons (they stand/lie on the roads at night).

### By bus

The bus services in the Cotswolds are very limited, although the first time visitor might have some luck exploring the Fosse Way by bus - a Roman road connecting Moreton in Marsh and various market towns to Cirencester. Research is definitely needed. Many villages only get one bus a day, or some only one bus a week. Even larger towns, such as Cirencester and Stroud, only get one bus every hour.

### By cycle

The Cotswolds are hilly but there are well-marked cycle routes on quiet roads.

### By foot

Perhaps Bill Bryson was wrong - there are lovely walks throughout all the Cotswolds, taking from a couple of hours for a gentle stroll between villages to a week or more on a walking tour. Local companies offer guided and self-guided walks and tours which explore the rich history of the area. The Cotswold Way is a 102-mile long-distance walk, designated as an official National Trail in 1998, running from Chipping Campden to Bath.

## See

The Cotswolds attract people with a visual appeal derived from a long history and the charm of hundreds of honey-coloured stone villages spread over an area approximately 100 mi (160 km) north to south and 50 mi east to west. While lacking a single large attraction or theme park, it is a wealthy area that nevertheless retains something of the appeal of a working environment. For visitors, the area is particularly well known for historic gardens, pubs and inns, farm and outdoor attractions and retail – especially book and antique shops. There is a thriving arts and crafts scene, drawing on a legacy that includes William Morris and extends to new artists at work in hotspots such as the Stroud Valleys.
* Gardens, historic houses and farm attractions. There is a listing at the local tourist board website.
* Roman villa ruins near Chedworth
* Cotswold wildlife park

### Historical houses

The Cotswolds are home to a number of important historical houses, often set in their own estates and therefore not part of a particular town or village. The local tourist board provides information on houses open to the public, which include Snowshill Manor, Chavanage, William Morris's house at Kelmscott, Sudeley Castle and Berkeley Castle. Some houses are closed but provide the setting for nationally important gardens such as Hidcote Manor, Painswick Rococo or Abbey House Gardens.
* Chastleton House, Chastleton, near Moreton-in-Marsh

## Do

* Walk some or all of the Cotswold Way. Beautiful views over the Cotswold edge the entire way.
* Cotswold Water Park. Great Britain's largest water park, consisting of 133 lakes which were formed by filling old gravel quarries. It is about five miles south of Cirencester and offers many water sports and activities, including dragon boat racing.
* Classic Motoring. For visitors wishing to tour the area in a classic car, the Cotswolds is home to Classic Motoring, a company specialising in the self-drive hire of Jaguar E-Type convertibles.

## Buy

* Weekly farmers market in Stroud

## Eat

The Cotswolds has a strong food culture with frequent well-established Farmers' Markets, local organic producers and individual businesses such as bakeries and orchard drink producers. Look out for Double and Single Gloucester (and up to 100 other) cheeses, Old Spot Pork and local organic game and venison - plus soft fruits in season. The local food culture is extending to pub noticeboard menus.

## Drink

Enjoy a pint at one of the area's excellent pubs.
* Donington Ale in the north Cotswolds (brewed in Donington, near Stow-on-the-Wold)
* Hook Norton Ale ('Old Hooky' and the like)
* Battledown Brewery (Cheltenham Spa Standard, Premium and Porter)
* Stroud Organic Ale in and around Stroud.

## Sleep

The area has a long history of hospitality since being adopted by Londoners with newly available reliable motor cars a hundred years ago and there remains a concentration of high-quality hotels and B&Bs in the area.
Hotels and larger B&Bs are typically expensive in the more picturesque towns and villages. However, smaller B&Bs can be found for a reasonable cost. For a longer stay a cottage, barn or church conversion or other private accommodation can be rented – typically for a weekend up to stays extending several weeks.

## Stay safe

The area is very safe, with little crime.

## Go next

* London, the capital city, is a short distance from the Cotswolds, with its bustling shopping streets, world-renowned galleries and famous nightlife
* Bristol has a thriving live music scene, along with plenty to see in the Harbourside museums and galleries during the daytimes
* Walk in Chiltern Hills, which form a picturesque landscape between Oxford and London, with plenty of viewpoints over patchwork fields and wooded hills
* The Forest of Dean and Wye Valley beyond come alive during the spring before turning to stunning reds and browns every autumn, kept in check by the largest wild boar population
* Discover the Brecon Beacons, a mountain range in Wales with dramatic landscapes punctuated by forests and lakes