# Kathmandu Valley

The Kathmandu Valley is a region of 220 sq mi (570 km$^2$) in central Nepal. It's home to three of the largest cities in Nepal, including Kathmandu itself, as well as hundreds of smaller towns and villages.

## Cities

* 27.67222285.4277781 Bhaktapur - a UNESCO World Heritage site noted for its temples, and the wood, metal and stone carvings. Has festivals and celebrations nearly each month during the year; does not allow motorized vehicles inside the city.
* 27.72138985.3619442 Boudhanath- location of the largest Buddhist Stupa in Nepal and a very important place of pilgrimage & meditation for Buddhists, local Nepalis and tourists. Approximately 30 Buddhist Monasteries and nunneries in the area.
* 28.03333385.53 Bungmati - a town noted for wood carving and sculpture a short distance south of Kathmandu.
* 27.60276585.3239214 Chapagaon - a Newari village noted for a mid-1600s Tantric temple to Vajra Varahi.
* 27.6660585.2905345 Chobhar - Ancient hill village only a few kilometres southwest of Kathmandu with origins from the 12th century. Noted for an extensive series of caves and a gorge on the Bagmati River found nearby.
* 27.60890985.2672466 Dakshinkali - Holy river gorge and site of weekly animal sacrifices. Hindu temple complex south of Kathmandu on the Bagmati River where it enters a gorge through the Mahabharat Range
* 27.7185.327 Kathmandu - the capital city and largest urban area of Nepal with its twisted network of narrow lanes and streets, markets and shrines.
* 27.66666785.2833338 Kirtipur - a historical hill-settlement 5 km south-west of the city of Kathmandu; vehicle-free and a good place to visit Newari restaurants.
* 27.71833385.5180569 Nagarkot - located east of Kathmandu noted for sunrise and sunset views of the mountains.
* 27.685.26666710 Parping - a small town known for sacred caves associated with Guru Rinpoche, the founder of Tibetan Buddhism.
* 27.683385.333311 Patan - just south of Kathmandu across the Bagmati River noted for its historic Patan Durbar Square, designated a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1979.

## Other destinations

* 27.79585.391 Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park - a Nepalese protected area that was given national park status in 2002 to protect one of the last remaining woodlands in the Kathmandu Valley as well as part of the valley's water supply. It's at the north side of the Kathmandu valley rim only 12km from Kathmandu at elevations above 2,700m, making it the second highest point on the valley rim. There are trekking routes connecting Nagarkot, Gossaikunda and Langtang National Park that pass through the Park.

## Understand

The Kathmandu Valley has 7 UNESCO World Heritage Sites with five of them either in Kathmandu or the near vicinity. All of them are worth visiting and spending time exploring.
The Valley is the most crowded part of Nepal. In some parts of the valley, particularly the greater Kathmandu urban area, total population exceeds 2.5 million with a density approaching 3,000 people per square kilometre. Visitors to this part of Nepal will be immediately aware of the crowds and the associated vehicle traffic, especially motorcycles.
As a general act of respect, don't take people's pictures without their permission.

## Talk

Although there are a number of languages commonly used in Nepal, with Newari the most common in the Valley, most people will also speak Nepali and the visitor will find English spoken many places, at least to a certain degree.

## Get in

Most international travellers will be arriving by air. In this case you will be landing at Tribhuvan International Airport (KTM) just east of Kathmandu. This is a convenient starting point for exploring all parts of the Kathmandu Valley. There are no other locations where international air passengers enter Nepal.
Most bus connections from outside Nepal or other parts of Nepal will have Kathmandu as their main destination. Once you arrive in the city you can get oriented and arrange to visit other parts of the Valley as needed.

## Get around

It is entirely possible to trek from one village to another in the Valley (some examples below), otherwise it is easy to hire a taxi or take local buses to get around the Kathmandu Valley.
From Kathmandu, buses to most parts of the Kathmandu Valley, with destinations such as Bhaktapur and Nagarkot, leave from the 27.7055885.317161 Ratna Park bus station.

## See

The Kathmandu Valley has seven UNESCO World Heritage sites and you should make an effort to see as many of them as possible during your stay. In the following list, note that "Durbar" means "palace", being the place from where kings ruled. The World Heritage sites include:
* Boudhanath Stupa, the largest Buddhist stupa in Nepal with many monasteries in the area.
* Pashupatinath Temple, an extensive Hindu temple complex with cremation ghats.
* Swayambhunath, also called the "monkey temple". On the west side of Kathmandu, it has the oldest Buddhist monument in the valley; nice views out over the valley from the hill where the temples are located.
* Hanuman Dhoka in Durbar Square
* Patan's Durbar Square, featuring the palace and numerous temples
* Bhaktapur's Durbar Square, with its collection of temples and shrines in a city that does not allow motor vehicles.
* Changu Narayan Temple in the small village of Changunarayan has a traditional Newari settlement and a Hindu temple with inscriptions from the 5th century.
* Adinath Lokeshwar Temple in Chobhar is a temple that was built in the 15th century, and is sacred to Hindus and Buddhists.
* The Chobhar Caves are tectonic limestone formations over a kilometre in length - one of the longest caves in Nepal and in Asia.}}
* Chobhar Gorge is a gorge on the Bagmati River; there is a steel suspension bridge over the gorge which also offers views of the caves and a nearby shrine.

## Do

* The Nepal Environment & Tourism Initiative Foundation (NETIF) is working to develop cultural trails in the Kathmandu Valley.
** The Kathmandu Valley Cultural Trekking Trail begins in Sundarijal which can be reached in about 30 minutes from Kathmandu. It passes through part of Shivapuri Nagarjun National Park and connects the villages of Sundarijal, Chisapani, Nagarkot and Dhulikhel, continuing on to the villages of Balthali and Panauti. The entire route could be hiked in about 5 days, covering a distance of about 76 km. No single day is more than 18 km and all of the hike is at or below 2,500 m so there should be no problems associated with higher altitude.

### Adventure sports

Kathmandu is the starting point for numerous adventures in the rest of the country including trekking, rafting, jungle adventures, and more extreme sports.
* Hiking / Trekking in the Kathmandu Valley - For more information, see Trekking in Nepal
** Nagarkot (2 days) - offers a great spot for watching surrounding mountain ranges at sunrise or sunset from atop the hill.

### Parks

* Godavari Botanical Garden, Godavari, Lalitpur. Botanical Garden (updated Mar 2015)

## Learn

* Meditation and/or yoga - there are many classes available. Look in specific city pages. You may also see notices or you can ask around.
* Communication - With the help of the Nepali phrasebook, you could learn a few words of the local language. For example, "Don Knee Batt" = Thank you. The Nepalese say Namaste as a greeting or farewell - no more than once a day to the same person. The approximate translation is: "the divine in me recognizes the divine in you".

## Eat

In general, food in Nepal has been strongly influenced by India and Tibet. In the larger centres, such as Kathmandu, there is increasing interest in western cuisine. As a consequence visitors can find many types of cuisine while wandering around Nepal. An exception is the large, North American fast-food chains which don't seem to have arrived in Nepal yet. Food is more traditional in smaller communities.
Many meals tend to be rather bland but the Nepalese make use of green chili sauce, a variety of pickles and curries.
Nepalis eat many vegetarian dishes (not necessarily vegan....). The most common examples would be dal bhat, pulao (a fried rice dish) and a variety of potato dishes. Beef dishes are almost non-existent in Nepal, given proscriptions against killing cows. Meat dishes tend to use chicken, pork, mutton or water buffalo (yak at higher elevations).
A popular snack is a type of dumpling called momos, prepared either steamed or fried, and filled with either chicken, water buffalo meat (referred to as "buff") or vegetables. One traditional dish is thukpa.
Since the left hand is considered "unclean", pass food with the right, eat with the right hand, avoid touching other people's food and stay out of the kitchen, especially if you are a non-Hindu in a Hindu home.

## Stay safe

Even in the most crowded parts of Kathmandu, crime is infrequent. Take the normal precautions and avoid flashing money around and keep your valuables secure as you would anywhere. Generally, even though foreigners are rather obvious, you will be left alone, other than the frequent approaches by tiger balm salesmen, taxi drivers and rickshaw drivers, along with touts and hustlers.
Don't drink any water that hasn't been treated; RO filtered, UV sterilized or boiled. Bottled is best.
Be careful about eating food from street vendors. It's always a bit of a chance as to whether such food will upset your digestive system. Established restaurants can generally be considered safe. Vegetables and salad greens can be a problem because they may have been washed with unsafe water. Some restaurants make a point of mentioning that they wash salad greens with lightly iodized water. Anything cooked at a high temperature should be safe. Keep in mind that western digestive systems will not be accustomed to the eastern micro-flora and problems can be expected, especially if you are not careful.
Although antibiotics are readily available without prescription in Nepal, you might be advised to bring something specifically recommended by your doctor to combat severe digestive upset. Have a discussion with your doctor and get advice on how to deal with such problems.
Elevations in the Kathmandu Valley are low so there will be no concerns with any of the risks of higher altitudes. If you do "head for the hills", make sure you read about mountain sickness and how to avoid problems.
Rabies is endemic in the dog population but you should have few problems if you leave the animals alone. Generally, unless you are in an area for a while and are working with animals, you probably do not need a rabies vaccine.
A series of vaccinations for two strains of Hepatitis is recommended before you leave home.
You should not have to be concerned about malaria unless you go to the more southern parts of Nepal, closer to the Indian border.

## Go next

* Pokhara - Popular lakeside tourist town 200 km west of Kathmandu. A good centre for trekking, most notably to the Annapurna area. Has great views of big mountain on the northern horizon, many shops and a good variety of restaurants.
* Khumbu - The region of villages and peaks leading to Mt Everest. There are many options for hiking and mountaineering..