# Cemeteries

A cemetery is any place with graves, tombs and memorials. The range of types and appearances is vast, from extensive mausolea with huge architectural elaborations, to unmarked plots of ground with hardly a sign it is a resting place.
In some cases royal memorials and tombs (see monarchies) may be the central point of vast grounds that might not always be known as a cemetery as such. Such sites are extensively visited for a wide range of reasons, depending on the local or national culture, they might be pilgrimage sites as well.

## Pilgrimage

Some countries have extensive pilgrimage systems. Cemeteries and the tombs of special people within a religious or national context are connected with others. Sometimes the networks are well mapped and signed, others more mysterious and less obvious.
To complicate the issue, some areas and places have very different ideas about pilgrimage, and deny the veracity of the process. People can be told 'no there is no special grave here', or even directed to not consider graves or tombs to be suitable to visit at all.
The important part of becoming involved in pilgrimage is to research first. To make sure the cemetery or tomb is an acceptable place to visit and that there are no prohibitions.
Some grave complexes have elaborate procedures for visitors to comply with, with restrictions on visiting times, and clothing. In some countries, where hierarchical social and political strictures exist, some graves can even be off limits, or distanced from public access.

## Walls and structures

Some cemeteries in built up areas have massive walls and fences for protection from vandalism. The walls and the surrounding structures can say more about the history of the location than the actual tombs.
In earlier times the walls and structures surrounding may have been built in relation to beliefs about things leaving the cemetery, as much as entering.
The leave-no-trace principle is the same as for archaeological sites. The legal consequences for trespassing in restricted areas, damaging graves, or souveniring artifacts from graves might be harsh. Respect the laws and regulations of local authorities.

## Respect

Some cultures have very distinct beliefs about how or how not to visit graves, and it is well worth checking out acceptable practices. For instance some places have strict rules on not walking over or touching a grave or its coverings.
Some places also have specified clothing types for people entering, in most cases pieces of clothing are available to hire at entries, or items considered not suitable can be kept at the entrances.
Religious manners vary between faiths and countries; before you visit a cemetery of an unfamiliar religion, you should learn some basic etiquette of that religion, for instance by asking a local.
Avoid taking photographs of grieving people.

## Information and genealogy

Some cemeteries have custodians or caretakers who have information about the place or know where information can be found.
Some cemeteries have museums, organised tours and guidebooks for tourists to find the graves of famous and significant people.
Many older cemeteries and grave sites that are archaeological sites as well.
Due to the pressures of genealogical enthusiasts, or for other reasons, some cemeteries can provide burial lists and details.
However, weathering of gravestones or headstones can wash away all information, and for some places, the site is so old, there are simply no people or publications available about the deceased buried there.

## Funerals

    See also: Funeral travel
The opportunity to be 'on site' during an important person's funeral or funeral procession can be a very special insight into a country or culture's attitude to people and their death.
High status people in some countries have such elaborate funerals that to be a witness is something that is very memorable.
There are usually protocols as to how close to death the funeral process is held, some events of burial are very close to death. Others require delays in numerical or calendrical auspiciousness. In parts of the world where the winter months involve the ground freezing and becoming difficult to dig in, families may wait until the spring thaw to hold an on-site burial. In some cold countries, the ground is warmed to allow digging despite the frost.
Included in the protocols are the orders of precedence who precedes who in the sequence of mourners, some mausoleums and cemeteries have illustrations of the mourning processions of earlier deaths, where each allocated position in the mourning procession is identified.

## Buy

There are limited ranges of cemetery souvenirs: usually guide books. Some cemeteries have meticulous and elaborate guides.
Some cemeteries have nearby shops för flower ornaments or lanterns to put on a grave.

## Famous cemeteries
### Africa
#### Egypt

* 30.046731.27641 City of the Dead (Cairo).

### Americas
#### Argentina

* -34.588056-58.3930562 Recoleta Cemetery (Buenos Aires).

#### Brazil

* -22.959161-43.1884113 St. John the Baptist Cemetery (Cemitério de São João Batista) (Rio de Janeiro). Where important famous people who died in Rio de Janeiro are buried, including nine former presidents of Brazil and important musicians (such as Tom Jobim), writers (such as José de Alencar and Machado de Assis) and famous actresses (such as Carmen Miranda).

#### Mexico

* 19.442881-99.1656894 Mexico City National Cemetery (Mexico City).
* 19.40667-99.204445 Panteon Civil de Dolores (Mexico City).
* 19.573055-101.6507126 Janitzio Cemetery (Panteon De Janitzio) (Janitzio). Famous for its Day of the Dead celebrations.

#### United States

* 38.878087-77.0687697 Arlington National Cemetery.
* 38.653889-90.0644448 Cahokia Mounds State Historic Site (near Collinsville, Illinois).
* 33.9806-118.399 Hillside Memorial Park Cemetery (Culver City).
* 38.245556-85.71583310 Cave Hill Cemetery (Louisville). Victorian-era National Cemetery occupying 300 acres.
* 40.65241-73.9902411 Green-Wood Cemetery (Brooklyn, New York City). National Historic Landmark and Revolutionary War battleground covering nearly 500 acres.
* 34.061-118.453412 Los Angeles National Cemetery (West Los Angeles). occupying more than 100 acres.
* 42.370556-71.14583313 Mount Auburn Cemetery (Cambridge and Watertown, Massachusetts). Served as inspiration for numerous rural cemeteries in North America.
* 29.959398-90.07149714 St. Louis Cemetery No. 1 (Tremé, New Orleans). , 29.960821-90.07532515 Saint Louis Cemetery No. 2. & 29.98571-90.08637516 St. Louis Cemetery No. 3 (Mid-City, New Orleans). , three cemeteries with 18th and 19th century above ground tombs.
* 40.889167-73.87333317 Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York City). National Historic Landmark covers more than 400 acres.

#### Canada

* 43.6958-79.384718 Mount Pleasant Cemetery (Toronto/Midtown). spans 200 acres and it is also an arboretum. The cemetery is the final resting place of several former Prime Ministers and other prominent figures in Canadian and world history, including Sir Fredrick Banting and Charles Best, two of the co-discoverers of insulin.
* 45.501819-73.60652219 Notre-Dame-des-Neiges Cemetery. and 45.509122-73.59800620 Mount Royal Cemetery (Montreal). . Located on the slopes of Mount Royal, these two cemeteries are the final resting place of over 1 million people.

### Asia
#### China

* 39.907998116.24193321 Babaoshan Revolutionary Cemetery (Beijing).
* 35.61391116.99438922 Cemetery of Confucius (Kong Lin) (Qufu).
* 22.2702114.18223 Hong Kong Cemetery (Happy Valley Cemetery, Hong Kong Colonial Cemetery) (Hong Kong).
* 22.202778113.55430624 Macau Mosque and Cemetery (Macau).
* 22.199897113.54019725 Old Protestant Cemetery (Macau).
* 39.93016116.339926 Zhalan Cemetery (Beijing).
* 40.253333116.217527 Thirteen Ming Imperial Tombs (Beijing Northern Suburbs).
* 40.193333117.65111128 Eastern Qing Tombs (Tangshan, Hebei).
* 39.368395115.34515929 Western Qing Tombs (Baoding, Hebei).

#### India

* 28.66880877.22467830 Nicholson Cemetery (Central Delhi). (updated Jul 2024)
* 22.53574688.33707631 Bhowanipore Cemetery (Bhawanipore Cemetery) (South Kolkata). Established in 1864, the cemetery is also the site of Commonwealth War Graves for soldiers of World War I and World War II (updated Jul 2024)
* 22.57130788.39155232 Jewish Cemetery of Kolkata (East Kolkata). (updated Jul 2024)
* 22.54660688.36018733 South Park Street Cemetery (Central Kolkata). (updated Jul 2024)

#### Indonesia

* -6.90559107.5292234 Ereveld Leuwigajah (Cimahi). Largest Dutch war cemetery on Java containing the graves of both civilians and soldiers (updated Jul 2024)
* -6.257222106.84638935 Kalibata Heroes' Cemetery (Taman Makam Pahlawan Kalibata) (Jakarta/South). (updated Jul 2024)
* -7.006991110.40828536 Ereveld Candi (Makam Kehormatan Belanda di Candi) (Semarang). Dutch war cemetery containing the graves of almost 1,000 soldiers of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army (KNIL), among other Dutch servicemen who died during the Indonesion National Revolution and Pacific War (updated Jul 2024)
* -6.98461110.3786337 Ereveld Kalibanteng (Makam Kehormatan Belanda di Kalibanteng) (Semarang). Dutch war cemetery mainly containing the graves of Dutch women and boys who died in Japanese-run internment camps (updated Jul 2024)
* -6.997206110.42066738 Giri Tunggal Heroes' Cemetery (Semarang). (updated Jul 2024)

#### Israel

* 31.77383935.24306939 Mount of Olives Jewish Cemetery (East Jerusalem). famous cemetery with ancient funerary monuments. (updated Jul 2024)
* 31.77411735.18056740 Mount Herzl (Jerusalem/West). National cemetery. (updated Jul 2024)
* 31.799435.218941 Tombs of the Sanhedrin. (updated Jul 2024), ancient cemetery of the Sanhedrin, and 31.79735.22142 Sanhedria Cemetery (Jerusalem/Haredi). (updated Jul 2024), the modern-day burial ground located nearby.
* 32.115634.8743 Yarkon Cemetery (Petah Tikva). (updated Jul 2024)
* 32.129234.823644 Kiryat Shaul Cemetery (Tel Aviv/North). (updated Jul 2024)
* 32.07563134.77003345 Trumpeldor Cemetery (Tel Aviv/Center). (updated Jul 2024) historic cemetery containing the graves of prominent people from the 19th century.

#### Japan

* 35.69139.74694446 Chidorigafuchi National Cemetery (Tokyo/Chiyoda). (updated Jul 2024)
* 35.722222139.71944447 Zoshigaya Cemetery (Tokyo/Toshima). (updated Jul 2024)

#### Philippines

* 14.519864121.04427248 Heroes Cemetery (Libingan ng mga Bayani) (Taguig). (updated Jul 2024) National burial place containing the graves of prominent government officials, military and other notable individuals.
* 14.541121.0549 Manila American Cemetery (Taguig). (updated Jul 2024)

#### South Korea

* 37.499126.97250 Seoul National Cemetery (Seoul). (updated Jul 2024)

#### Thailand

* 13.749072100.49668351 Royal Cemetery at Wat Ratchabophit (Bangkok/Rattanakosin). (updated Jul 2024)

#### Turkey

* 39.93694432.80722252 Turkish State Cemetery (Ankara). with its monuments recalling the ancient Turkish structures of Central Asia, is where many major civilian and military figures of the republican era were interred, although notably Anıtkabir, the mausoleum of the founder of the republic, Kemal Atatürk, is a separate site. (updated Jul 2024)
* 41.010629.026153 Karacaahmet Cemetery (Istanbul/Asian Side). between Üsküdar and Kadıköy, an expanse of 300 hectares (740 acres) of cypress woodland, is the largest Turkish cemetery and its foundation in the 14th century predates the Fall of Constantinople. (updated Jul 2024)
* 41.0521928.9332954 Eyüp Cemetery (Eyüp Sultan Cemetery) (Istanbul). A footpath from the banks of the Golden Horn cuts through the Ottoman-era burial ground where the tradition dictates that the marble headstones of men are topped by a turban while those of women have floral designs. A gondola lift line passes over part of the cemetery as well.
* The massive and highly elaborate tombstones at the Ahlat Cemetery (on the Lake Van near Tatvan), carved out of local volcanic rocks, date back to the local Ahlatshah Kingdom of the 11th–12th centuries and are typical of the medieval Turkish art.
* 40.3526.451 Gallipoli hosts several military cemeteries of soldiers from Turkey and the Commonwealth nations (Australia and New Zealand in particular) fallen during the Gallipoli Campaign of World War I.

### Europe
#### Armenia

* 40.373945.181255 Noratus Cemetery (Noratus, Gavar, Lake Sevan Region). , near Sevan on the lake of the same name, has the world's largest collection of khachkars – Armenia's massive, highly elaborately carved traditional headstones with a cross in the centre.

#### Austria

* Vienna (see Culture section about Death, and Zentralfriedhof)

#### Balkans

* Stećci Medieval Tombstones Graveyards

#### Bulgaria

* 42.71637523.33300856 Central Sofia Cemetery / Orlandovtsi Cemetery (Централни софийски гробища or Орландовци) (Sofia).

#### Croatia

* 45.83569415.98444457 Mirogoj Cemetery (Zagreb).

#### Czech Republic

* 50.08972214.41722258 Old Jewish Cemetery (Starý židovský hřbitov) (Prague).
* 50.06514.41777859 Vyšehrad Cemetery (Prague).

#### Finland

* 60.16944424.91777860 Hietaniemi Cemetery (Helsinki). , with graves of many celebrities.
* 60.23612525.02728361 Malmi Cemetery (Helsinki). , the largest cemetery of Finland in terms of the number of burials.
* 60.43333322.30833362 Turku cemetery (Turku). , inaugurated in 1807, close to Malmi in number of graves.

#### France

* 48.8611112.39416763 Père Lachaise Cemetery (Cimetière du Père-Lachaise) (20th arrondissement, Paris).
* several military cemeteries in Normandy, near the D-Day beaches

#### Greece

* 37.96316123.73787564 First Cemetery of Athens (Πρώτο Νεκροταφείο Αθηνών) (Athens).

#### Hungary

* 47.49576919.09058665 Kerepesi Cemetery / Fiume Road National Graveyard (Fiumei úti nemzeti sírkert) (Budapest).

#### Ireland

* 53.372222-6.27777866 Glasnevin Cemetery (Dublin). (updated Mar 2024)

#### Italy

* 41.87639712.47994467 Protestant Cemetery or Non-Catholic Cemetery (Cimitero degli Inglesi or Cimitero Acattolico) (Rome).
* 45.4469812.346368 Cemetery of San Michele (Il cimitero di San Michele) (Isola di San Michele). cemetery island of Venice
* 45.75132311.91334169 Brion Cemetery (Brion Tomb) (near Treviso). built by Carlo Scarpa, famous 20th century Italian architect.
* 42.25044411.76986170 Monterozzi necropolis (Necropoli dei Monterozzi) (east of Tarquinia). , Etruscan necropolis and UNESCO World Heritage Site.

#### Poland

* 52.25194420.97277871 Powązki Cemetery (Cmentarz Powązkowski) (Wola, Warsaw). is the oldest and most famous cemetery in Warsaw. Established in 1790, many prominent figures in Polish history are buried in the cemetery, which is estimated to have over 1 million interments. Not to be confused with the Powązki Military Cemetery, located northwest of Powązki Cemetery in the Żoliborz district.
* 50.07555619.95388972 Rakowicki Cemetery (Cmentarz Rakowicki) (Old Town). is a historic necropolis in Kraków. Notable burials include the parents of Pope John Paul II.
* Pęksowy Brzyzek National Cemetery in Zakopane.

#### Portugal

* 38.714016-9.16998573 Cemetery of Pleasures (Cemitério dos Prazeres) (Lisbon).

#### Romania

* 47.97138923.69555674 Merry Cemetery / Vesel Cemetery (Cimitirul Vesel) (Săpânța).
* 44.41833326.05333375 Ghencea Cemetery (Bucharest).

#### Russia

* 55.72472237.55416776 Novodevichy Cemetery (Новодевичье кладбище) (Moscow).
* Shirokorechenskoye Kladbishche Cemetery (Mafia cemetery, Yekaterinburg)

#### Sweden

* 59.27555618.09944477 Woodland Cemetery (Skogskyrkogården) (Söderort, Stockholm). , a world heritage site.
* 59.357418.023478 Norra Begravningsplatsen (The Northern Cemetery) (Solna, Stockholm). One of Scandinavia's largest cemeteries. Among famous Swedes buried here are Prime Minister Per Albin Hansson, actress Ingrid Bergman, humanitarian Folke Bernadotte, and fin-de-siècle writer August Strindberg.

#### Ukraine

* 49.832524.05611179 Lychakiv Cemetery (Личаківський цвинтар) (Lviv). ; Grave of Rabbi Nachman of Breslov in Uman, a major site of Chasidic pilgrimage.

#### United Kingdom
##### England

* Stonehenge
* Magnificent Seven - established in the 19th century to alleviate overcrowding in the parish burial grounds of London:
** 51.5649-0.078180 Abney Park Cemetery (Hackney, London).
** 51.484882-0.19079681 Brompton Cemetery (Kensington and Chelsea).
** 51.567-0.14782 Highgate Cemetery (north London).
** 51.5286-0.224183 Kensal Green Cemetery (Hammersmith and Fulham).
** 51.46423-0.0530484 Nunhead Cemetery (All Saints' Cemetery) (Nunhead, London).
** 51.523333-0.02805685 Tower Hamlets Cemetery (Bow Cemetery) (East London).
** 51.432977-0.09811786 West Norwood Cemetery (Lambeth, London).
* 51.296667-0.63333387 Brookwood Cemetery (Woking).

##### Scotland

* 55.862521-4.23111588 Glasgow Necropolis (Glasgow).
* 55.947-3.1927289 Greyfriars Kirkyard (Edinburgh/Old Town).

### Oceania
#### Australia

* Gore Hill Memorial Cemetery in Sydney/Lower North Shore
* Macquarie Park Cemetery in Sydney/Macquarie Park
* Melbourne General Cemetery in Melbourne
* Old Nambour Cemetery in Nambour
* Toowong Cemetery in Brisbane

## See also

* Tombstone tourist
* Archaeology
* Buddhism
* Christianity
* Funeral travel
* Hinduism
* Islam
* Judaism