# Culloden

Culloden is a village 4 miles east of Inverness in The Great Glen and Strathspey region of the Highlands, nowadays a commuter town for the city, with a population of 3830 in 2022. Near the village are Cawdor Castle and the Bronze Age "Clava Cairns", but it's best known for the 1746 battle that destroyed the Jacobite cause. In Gaelic Culloden is Cùil Lodair, "back of the small pond", but the battle victors ensured you don't need to know that.

## Understand

After Cromwell died in 1658, Britain gave up on being a republic and invited the exiled King Charles II to return to the throne. He soon made them remember why they'd deposed the Stuart monarchy, and when he died and was succeeded by his brother James (II of England, VII of Scotland) a crisis developed. In 1688 James fled and was replaced by his Protestant daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange, the start of the Hanoverian dynasty.
Over the next century, there were several attempts to restore the Stuart (Roman Catholic) monarchy, and this faction was called Jacobite referring to James II/VII. The last and most determined was the Jacobite rebellion of 1745, when Prince Charles Edward Stuart (James' grandson) landed in Scotland and marched south with a French-backed force to retake the throne. They got as far as Derby.
       Twas in the year of 1746, and in April the 14th day,
       That Prince Charles Stuart and his army marched on without delay...
          - William McGonagall, who else, Scotland's National Worst Poet
Until April 1746 "Bonny Prince Charlie" had never lost a battle, yet his forces had retreated and retreated all the way back to the Highlands because of lack of support in England, the massing of government forces against them, and an effective Royal Navy blockade of French supplies and reinforcements. The final encounter was on 16 April on Culloden (or Drumossie) Moor. It began at 1PM with a short artillery exchange then the Jacobite advance. Less than an hour later the Jacobites were slain, captured or in flight. Exact numbers are not known, but the Jacobite force of 5,00-6,000 men is thought to have had 1,500-2,000 killed or wounded while the slightly larger opposing force lost only 300-odd.
The Prince escaped but his cause was broken: he was a fugitive across the Highlands for six months before getting back to France. Fierce government reprisals ended the traditional Gaelic way of life.

## Get in

You need a car or at least a bike. Culloden village is off B9006, 4 miles east of Inverness. The battlefield is another two miles southeast, and Culloden's other sights and amenities are scattered.
Stagecoach Highland Bus 27 runs hourly M-Sa from Inverness via Westhill university campus to Culloden (40 min), Croy and Tornagrain.
57.5425-4.04751 Inverness Airport (INV) is 5 miles north, see Inverness#Get in for details. Bus 11 between Inverness, the airport and Nairn doesn't come into Culloden village, but passes within a mile at Balloch estate.

## Get around

Bike is ideal for this scattered area. You can hire bikes in Inverness.
Sneckie Taxis are on +44 1463 611111 and can give you a tour.

## See

* Gruffalo: anyone who claims "there's no such thing as a Gruffalo" should try the woodland walk in the village, just north of Barn Church Road.
* 57.4798-4.13071 St Mary's Well is a "clootie well" in Culloden woods, reached by a path from Westfield. In Celtic tradition, you soaked a strip of cloth (a "clootie") in the holy water of such a well, used it to wash an afflicted part of your body, and left the clootie hanging on an adjacent sacred tree (usually hawthorn or ash). Add incantations, ritual pacing around the well, and votive offerings ad lib, and the affliction was supposed to fade as the clootie disintegrated. St Mary's and other wells were traditionally visited at Beltane, the 1st of May — until the 1970s! How bad was the local health service?
* 57.4772-4.09242 Culloden Battlefield, Drumossie Moor IV2 5EU, ☏ +44 1463 796090. Daily May-Oct 9AM-5PM, Nov-Apr 10AM-4PM. This was the final act. Each side had some 7000-8000 men but the Jacobites under Bonnie Prince Charlie were poorly armed, badly led and not trained for disciplined attack: they simply lunged forward wielding swords and axes. The government troops under the Duke of Cumberland held their ground, their nerve and their bayonets. One hour later 2000 clansmen lay dead, the Prince and his men were in flight, and the Jacobite claim to the throne was ended. There were harsh military reprisals across the Highlands, tartans and bagpipes were outlawed, and the clan system was destroyed. The battleground is free and always accessible but it's worth paying the admission to the exhibition in the visitor centre, which has a cafe and shop. Visitor centre adult £12, conc £10.50, child £7.50, NTS / NT free. (updated Aug 2024)
* 57.4781-4.06253 Culloden Viaduct is a 1800-ft (549 m), 29-span viaduct. It opened in 1898 and carries the Perth-Inverness railway over the valley of the River Nairn.
* 57.4731-4.07384 Clava Cairns, Balnuaran of Clava IV2 5EU. 2 hours. A group of tombs and standing stones, one of the best preserved Bronze Age burial sites in Scotland, from 2000 BC. The Balnuaran cairns are aligned north-east to south-west, with the end tombs being passage graves, and the central one being circular with a sunburst of stone paths leading to the standing stones. Nearby are the Milton Cairns and other remains including a medieval chapel. There are about 50 similar "Clava Cairns" in the area around Inverness. Free. (updated Aug 2024)
* 57.5194-3.98225 Kilvarock Castle has entertained Bonnie Prince Charlie, the Duke of Cumberland and Robert Burns. It's now an events venue, no tours.
* 57.5243-3.92666 Cawdor Castle, Nairn IV12 5RD, ☏ +44 1667 404401. May-Sep daily 10AM-5PM. 15th-century tower house with many later additions plus extensive gardens. Most visitors come for the Shakespeare connection: in the play, Macbeth (see Birnam infobox) is already Thane of Glamis, he's then made Thane of Cawdor as the witches had prophesied, and begins his spiral into hell. The real Macbeth was Lord of Moray, which included most of northern Scotland. The King of Alba (the southern part) was Duncan I, who attacked Moray but was defeated and killed, and Macbeth came to be King of Scotland 1040-1057. There was probably an earlier castle on or near this site in those days, but no trace of it remains. So you can't see the bedroom where Macbeth murdered King Duncan because a) it's been knocked down and the present castle wasn't built for another 400 years, b) anyway the murder was at Inverness not Cawdor, and c) none of those things really happened, as the Earl of Cawdor's family are fed up with explaining. Adult £15.50, conc £14, child (5-15) £8.50. (updated Aug 2024)
* 57.5839-4.07037 Fort George: see Nairn for this extensive and well-preserved 18th-century fortress.

## Do

* Golf: Cabot Highlands is on the coast. White tees 6592 yards, par 72, and a round here will set you back £300. A second course "Old Petty" opens in 2025.
* Vue Cinema is on Inverness Shopping Park on A96, so it's closer to Culloden than to the city.

## Buy

* Co-op Food in the village is open daily 6AM-10PM, and so too is Spar 200 yards west.
* Aldi is on Inshes Retail Park by A9 at the east edge of Inverness.

## Eat

* Curry Hoose and Magic Wok are takeaways in the village.
* Harry Gow Bakery, Smithton Industrial Estate IV2 7WL, ☏ +44 1463 792421. M-Sa 7AM-3PM. Popular local bakery for sandwiches and cakes. (updated Aug 2024)
* Inverness Shopping Park on A96 has Frankie & Benny's and Nando's.

## Drink

* Blacksmiths, 1 Keppoch Rd IV2 7LL, ☏ +44 1463 211615. Su-Th 11AM-11PM, F Sa 11AM-1AM. Serving decent pub grub. (updated Aug 2024)
* Culloden House serves non-residents with 24 hours notice.
* Distilleries are found further east between Forres and Grantown-on-Spey. Royal Brackla near Cawdor has closed.

## Sleep

    Most visitors day-trip from nearby Inverness. Premier Inn and Travelodge are east side of the city close to Culloden.
* 57.4867-4.05731 Culloden Moor Caravan Club Site, Newlands, Culloden Moor IV2 5LA, ☏ +44 1463 790625. Open April-Sep with pitches for caravans and tents, non-members welcome. Tent or pitch from £16. (updated Aug 2024)
* 57.4905-4.13542 Culloden House Hotel, Balloch IV2 7BZ, ☏ +44 1463 790461. Ivy-clad 18th-century mansion set in woodland and gardens, now a luxury hotel. The previous house on the site was Bonnie Prince Charlie's headquarters in 1746 before the battle. B&B double £220. (updated Aug 2024)
* 57.4825-4.1493 Smithton Hotel, Smithton Rd IV2 7NN, ☏ +44 1463 791999. Clean comfy B&B in the village. B&B double £90. (updated Aug 2024)
* 57.4699-4.15084 Ardtower Caravan Park, Culloden Rd, Westhill IV2 5AA, ☏ +44 1463 790555, booking@ardtower-caravanpark.com. Grand modern site open all year, with hard standing and grass pitches. Tent £28, caravan £40. (updated Aug 2024)
* Courtyard Inverness Airport, Fresson Circle, Dalcross IV2 7BL (100 yards west of terminal), ☏ +44 1463 423111. Functional and comfy enough. Aircraft noise is seldom a problem here. B&B double £90. (updated Aug 2024)

## Connect

As of Aug 2024, Culloden and the road from Inverness have 4G from EE, Three and Vodafone, and 5G from O2.

## Go next

* Inverness is the agreeable Victorian city only four miles west.
* Loch Ness starts a few miles above Inverness. The road follows the northwest shore, with Drumnadrochit the main village.
* Nairn to the east is a genteel beach resort.
* Cairngorms National Park spans the mountain range. It's most easily explored from its west side via Aviemore.