# Vaucluse

Vaucluse (Occitan: Vauclusa) is a department of the Provence region of France. The Vaucluse retains in part its historical identity as the Comtat Venaissin, an independent papal entity until the 1791 post-Revolutionary annexation by France.

## Cities and towns

* 43.9486114.8083331 Avignon — well known for its Palace of the Popes where several popes and antipopes lived from the early 14th to early 15th centuries
* 44.0555.0480562 Carpentras — its weekly market that fills the old town on Friday mornings
* 43.8366675.0372223 Cavaillon — a former episcopal seat within the Luberon Natural Regional Park, considered the capital of the melon
* 43.9194445.0513894 L'Isle-sur-la-Sorgue — a city spread over several islands in the Sorgue river
* 43.7638895.36255 Lourmarin — among the most beautiful villages in France
* 44.13754.8088896 Orange — famous for its well-preserved Roman architecture and its music festival
* 44.2408335.0757 Vaison-la-Romaine — known for its beautiful Roman remains including a single-arch bridge, and for its medieval city and its cathedral

## Other destinations

* 43.7961115.2238891 Luberon — The mountain range reaches above 1000 m and is largely uninhabited and natural terrain, apart from some small attractive villages
* 44.1666675.2833332 Mont Ventoux — many hiking trails (including GR4 and GR9) pass through or nearby

## Understand

The name of Comtat Venaissin is supposed to derive from either Comitatus Vendacensis (the county of Venasque), or from Comitatus Avennicinus (County of Avignon). The territory belonged to the Popes, but was de facto independent, governed by its own executive representative appointed by the Pope, as well as popular representatives. The area was very marked by the bloody history of the French invasion, as well as the civil war which followed, between the partisans of independence and the partisans of the attachment to France.
In line with other departments across France, the Vaucluse was named after a significant local geographical feature, in this case the Fontaine de Vaucluse spring. The new name was intended both a definitive rupture with the past, and as a way to harmonise local administration into the nascent French Republic. However, despite generations of central government attempting to stamp out regional languages and cultures, a strong Occitan identity persists in the department. Linguistic aside: despite looking like a feminine noun, Vaucluse is actually masculine.

## Talk

The official language remains French, but a language commonly spoken by locals until the 19th century was Occitan in its Provençal dialect. There are still some speakers of the dialect, and it is locally the daily language in some parts of the department, though like all regional languages in France, it is under threat.

## Get in
### By car

The main access from the north is undoubtedly the A7 motorway (Autoroute du Soleil), which bypasses the famous national road N7, nicknamed la Route bleue and la Route des vacances during its mid-20th-century heyday. The A8 and A9 bring traffic in from the east and west respectively.

### By train

* Avignon TGV station: on the Paris-Lyon-Marseille corridor, connects the Vaucluse to the outside world.
* Avignon-Centre and Orange stations both welcome regional and national TGVs and TERs, in addition to departmental traffic. A rail shuttle operates between Avignon Centre and Avignon TGV.

### By plane

    See also: Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur#By plane
* 43.9066674.9019441 Avignon-Provence Airport (access by bus: TCRA Line 3 from Avignon-Centre). Only receives seasonal (i.e. summer) flights from Birmingham and Bournemouth. (updated Aug 2018)

## See

Avignon is an open-air museum. Its Palace Square is inundated with tourists during the hot months. Not far in almost any direction are smaller squares, frequented by locals, where prices are found to be more affordable. Highly recommended is the Place Pie, with its halls where you can buy fresh produce, wine country, cheese, etc. Visits to the banks of the Rhône and the Jardin des Doms are essential. Pont Saint-Bénézet is not far from the Palace, on the Rhone. Calvet Museum whose wealth and the importance of its collections have earned it to be admitted among the "classified museums". They relate to archeology, fine arts, decorative arts, especially goldsmith, faience, porcelain, tapestry, ironwork and ethnology in Asia, Oceania and Africa. Petit Palais Museum is a museum of painting, and the Requien museum is the natural history museum of the city of Avignon as well as many churches and colleges.
There are many myseums in other towns of the region:
* Petrarch Museum and Museum of Resistance, Fontaine-de-Vaucluse
* Campredon Art Centre, Isle sur la Sorgue
* Museum of Arts and Wine Professions, Ansouis
* Bakery Museum, Bonnieux
* Museum of Basketry, Cadenet
* Comtadin-Duplessis Museum and Sobirats Museum, Carpentras
* Archaeological Museum of the Hôtel-Dieu and Jewish Museum Comtadin - The Synagogue, Cavaillon
* Lavender Museum, Coustellet
* Marc Deydier Museum, Cucuron
* Comtadin Costume Museum, Pernes-les-Fontaines
* Museum of Cartonnage and Printing, Valréas

## Do

There are many vineyards in this department, so wine tasting is an option for interested visitors. The department has many hiking trails, whose signs are organised by the local council. Three free hiking tours are available at the tourist office in Fontaine de Vaucluse. A favourite canoeing and kayaking route runs from Fontaine de Vaucluse to Isle sur la Sorgue along the very beautiful River Sorgue, although there are also many other opportunities along the same river. The Mont Serein ski resort, facing north of Mont Ventoux, had several trails. Cross-country skiing and snowshoeing are available, and there is a children's ski school on site.

### Cycling

* Cycle course at Mont Ventoux
* Bike tours in Sorgues
* The Calavon cycle path (voie verte du Calavon), between Cavaillon and Apt. A 28-km-long route meandering through Beaumettes and Saint-Martin-de-Castillon, along the River Calavon. Like all voies vertes, it reuses an old railway corridor.
* Via Venaissia$^{[deadlink]}$ cycle route (along the Dentelles de Montmirail). Following the route of an old railway line, via Carpentras and Orange; it will eventually reach ViaRhôna in the Rhone Valley, and the Calavon path. The first section, 7 km long, between Jonquières and Sarrians, was inaugurated in 2014. An extension, between Sarrians and the Aubignan-Loriol-du-Comtat station, was opened in 2015.

### Festivals

Some major cultural events take place in Vaucluse:
* Festival d'Avignon — internationally-famous theatre festival held for a month every July, since 1947
* Chorégies d'Orange — opera and classical music festival held in July and August
* Trans'art at Carpentras — diverse music and comedy concerts in July and August

## Buy
### Markets

Make sure to arrive early, as French markets hit their peak in mid-morning and all but the largest mostly begin packing up around lunchtime.
* Halles d'Avignon (daily) - the city's covered market hall
* Isle-sur-la-Sorgue market (Sunday) - the most beautiful market in Provence
* Apt market (Saturday)
* Bollène market (Friday)
* Cavaillon market (Monday and Friday)
* Carpentras market (Friday)
* Coustellet market (Sunday)
* Malaucène market (Wednesday)
* Vaison-la-Romaine market (Tuesday)

#### Farmers' markets

* Coustellet market (Wednesday evening)
* Monteux market (Wednesday morning)
* Petit Palais market (Saturday morning) - in a hamlet of Isle-sur-la-Sorgue
* Velleron market (Apr-Sep: daily at 18:00; Oct-Mar: 3 evenings a week at 16:30)
* Carpentras truffle market (Friday morning 16 Nov-15 Feb, Jul-Aug, dependent on the two truffle seasons)

### Historical fairs

Some fairs are over 700 years old.
* Avignon Fair (mid-Apr)
* St Andrew's Fair (Avignon, end of Nov)
* Fair of Saint-Siffrein (Carpentras, end of Nov)

### Shopping malls

* Avignon-Nord (at Le Pontet) - Auchan supermarket, plus a shopping mall including major retailers
* Cap Sud (north of Avignon on RN7) - Casino Supermarket, and commercial gallery, including Galeries Lafayette and a Pathé Cap Sud cinema complex
* Mistral 7 (south of Avignon on RN7) - Auchan and a shopping mall

## Eat
### Local delicacies

* Daube avignonnaise - shoulder of lamb or mutton marinated in local white wine
* Papeton d'aubergines - an eggplant flan
* Crespéou - a savoury layered cake, made with eggs, Mediterranean vegetables and herbes de Provence
* Thirteen desserts for Christmas!

### Local produce

* Melons of the Cavaillon variety in Cavaillon
* Truffles
* Several goat cheeses, including tome de Provence