# Vancouver Island

Vancouver Island is a large island off the coast of British Columbia. As a region, it includes the Gulf Islands in the Strait of Georgia. It is often referred to by the locals as simply 'The Island'. Vancouver Island is the largest island off the west coast of North America at about 450 km long and up to about 90 km wide. It has a population of over 870,000 people (2019), with a little less than half of those living in the Greater Victoria area.
The development on the island primarily follows the north-south highway that goes along the east coast of the island from Victoria to Port Hardy.

## Regions

* North Vancouver Island The least populated area; this remote area offers many recreational opportunities.
* Discovery Islands A group of many islands between Vancouver Island and the mainland of British Columbia. There's kayaking, the off the beaten path charm of Quadra Island and wildlife ranging from orcas to grizzly bears.
* Central Vancouver Island On the east side of the island, it includes the city of Nanaimo, the beaches of Parksville-Qualicum Beach, the Comox Valley towns of Courtenay and Comox, and the salmon fishing town of Campbell River. Heading westwards is Tofino, with surfing, whale watching and storm watching.
* South Vancouver Island The most densely populated region, this area includes Victoria, the stately capital of the province, the rural Saanich Peninsula, home to Buchart Gardens, and other nearby towns.
* Southern Gulf Islands Group of islands between Victoria and Nanaimo in the Strait of Georgia. Salt Spring Island is the largest of the group.

## Cities

* 48.422151-123.36571 Victoria – the capital city of British Columbia that markets itself as a piece of England.
* 48.6506-123.3992 Sidney – a relaxing city 30 km from downtown Victoria, next to the airport, on the Waterfront with quaint little shops. A tourist vacation and retirement location with waterfront walkways and bicycle paths.
* 48.558611-124.3991673 Port Renfrew – a 110-km scenic drive from Victoria on the West Coast of Vancouver Island, Port Renfrew is a small west coast community that was built by logging and fishing. It is situated along 240 km (150 miles) of rugged uninhabited coastline.
* 49.164167-123.9363894 Nanaimo – the second largest city, and largest port on Vancouver Island.
* 49.315-124.3125 Parksville/Qualicum Beach – popular summer vacation spot with its many sandy beaches and wide range of accommodation. Off the beach, there are fun parks for the kids and some pleasant walking trails. Nearby are a handful of provincial parks where you can see waterfalls, try to wrap your arms around an old growth tree or go caving.
* 49.152669-125.9043616 Tofino – ecotourism centre on the beautiful (if wet) west coast of the island. The main attraction is Long Beach which is part of Pacific Rim National Park. There's also surfing, whale watching and storm watching (in winter).
* 49.6878-124.9947 Courtenay/Comox – the gateway to Mount Washington, Strathcona Provincial Park and some spectacular fishing. These two towns are a beautiful place to visit in summer and winter.
* 50.7225-127.4938 Port Hardy – small logging town on the north tip of the island, gateway to Cape Scott Provincial Park.
* 50.5458-126.8339 Telegraph Cove – voted one of the ten best "towns" in Canada to visit by travel writers (as published in Harrowsmith Magazine).

## Other destinations

* 50.7333-128.3331 Cape Scott Provincial Park — Coastal hikes, amazing beaches and wildlife
* 48.850556-123.4477782 Gulf Islands National Park Reserve — Established in 2003, Gulf Islands National Park Reserve safeguards a portion of the gorgeous Gulf Islands archipelago. Gulf Islands National Park Reserve offers visitors incredible opportunities for boating, kayaking, hiking, wildlife viewing and picnicking. The larger islands of Saturna, Mayne and Pender can be accessed via BC Ferries, with daily departures from Swartz Bay, Vancouver Island. Please visit the Gulf Islands National Park Reserve website for more information.
* 48.4833-124.2833 Juan de Fuca Provincial Park — park and hiking trail on the southwest coast
* 49.7383-125.2994 Mt. Washington Alpine Resort — alpine skiing, often with the most snow in Canada, and mountain biking
* 48.983333-125.6666675 Pacific Rim National Park Reserve — scenic, multi-unit park on the west coast, includes
** West Coast Trail - a world-class coastal hike along scenic beaches
** Broken Group Islands - over 100 small islands in Barkley Sound
** Long Beach - a sequence of long, white sand beaches near Tofino
* 49.8742-125.7446 Strathcona Provincial Park

## Understand

Vancouver Island lies in the temperate rainforest biome. On the southern and eastern portions of the island, this is characterized by Douglas fir, western red cedar, arbutus, Garry oak, salal, Oregon grape, and manzanita. This southeastern portion of the island is the most heavily populated region of Vancouver Island and a major area for recreation. The northern, western, and most of the central portions of the island are home to the coniferous "big trees" associated with British Columbia's coast – western hemlock, western red cedar, Pacific silver fir, yellow cedar, Douglas fir, grand fir, Sitka spruce, and western white pine.
The island's economy is based on technology industries, logging, fishing, and tourism, with some food production as well.

### History

Vancouver Island has been the homeland to many Indigenous peoples for thousands of years. The groupings, by language, are the Kwakwaka'wakw, Nuu-chah-nulth, and various Coast Salish peoples. While there is some overlap, Kwakwaka'wakw territory includes northern and northwestern Vancouver Island and adjoining areas of the mainland, the Nuu-chah-nulth span most of the west coast, while the Coast Salish cover the southeastern Island and southernmost extremities along the Strait of Juan de Fuca.
The island was explored by British and Spanish expeditions in the late 18th century. It is one of several North American locations named after George Vancouver, who explored the Pacific Northwest coast between 1791 and 1794.
In 1843, the Hudson's Bay Company built a fort as the basis for settlement and a fur trading post named Fort Albert (later Fort Victoria), 200 metres northwest of the present-day Empress Hotel on Victoria's Inner Harbour.
In 1849, the Colony of Vancouver Island was established. The colony was leased to the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC); the Company's responsibility in return was to increase the population by promoting colonization. The island's first legislative assembly was formed in 1856.
Fort Victoria had become an important base when prospectors, miners and merchants began arriving for the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush in 1858. The Hudson's Bay lease expired in 1859 and the island reverted to Great Britain. The burgeoning town was incorporated as Victoria in 1862.
The economic situation of the colony declined following the Cariboo Gold Rush of 1861–1862, and pressure grew for amalgamation of the colony with the mainland colony of British Columbia. The two colonies were merged in 1866 by the Imperial Parliament. The City of Victoria became the capital. In 1867, the Dominion of Canada was established. British Columbia joined Canada as its sixth province in 1871.

### Climate

The climate is the mildest in Canada, with temperatures on the coast even in January being usually above 0 °C (32 °F).
In summer, the warmest days usually achieve a maximum of 28–33 °C (82–91 °F). However, the rain shadow effect of the island's mountains, as well as the mountains of Washington's Olympic Peninsula, creates wide variation in precipitation. The west coast is considerably wetter than the east coast. Precipitation is heaviest in the autumn and winter. Snow is rare at low altitudes but is common on the island's mountaintops in winter.

### Tourist information

* Vancouver Island Travel

## Get in
### By ferry
#### From within British Columbia

* BC Ferries, toll-free: +1-888-223-3779. Operates ferries connecting coastal communities. (updated Apr 2022) BC Ferries is the most common way to get to Vancouver Island.
** There is scheduled vehicle ferry service from:
*** Vancouver (Tsawwassen) ferry terminal in Delta to Victoria (Swartz Bay) ferry terminal near Sidney (1 hour 35 minutes), operating every two hours normally and up to hourly in the summer. Public transit at both terminals.
*** Vancouver (Tsawwassen) ferry terminal in Delta to Nanaimo (Duke Point) ferry terminal (2 hours), operating every 2.5 hours. Public transit at Vancouver (Tsawwassen) ferry terminal only.
*** Vancouver (Horseshoe Bay) ferry terminal in West Vancouver to Nanaimo (Departure Bay) ferry terminal (1 hour 40 minutes), operating slightly less frequently than every 2 hours. Public transit at both terminals.
*** Powell River (Westview) ferry terminal to Comox (Little River) ferry terminal (1 hour 25 minutes), operating around 3 trips per day. Public transit at both terminals.
*** Prince Rupert ferry terminal to Port Hardy (Bear Cove) ferry terminal (16.25-22 hours) via Klemtu ferry terminal (7.75-10.75 hours to Port Hardy) and/or Bella Coola (McLoughlin Bay) ferry terminal (5.5 hours to Port Hardy), operating at most once per day during the summer and less often at other times. Public transit at Prince Rupert ferry terminal only.
*** Bella Coola ferry terminal to Port Hardy (Bear Cove) ferry terminal (10 hours), operating once per day, several days per week during the summer. No public transit at either terminal.
** Scheduled vehicle ferry service also available on routes between Vancouver Island and most of the Southern Gulf Islands, some of the Discovery Islands, and some islands at the northern end of North Vancouver Island.
* Hullo, 100 Port Dr, Nanaimo. Operates daily passenger only ferry trips between Nanaimo and downtown Vancouver, taking 1.25 hours each way. A single carry-on-sized bag and a personal bag are permitted with passengers, and otherwise there is an additional charge per bag. Hullo's trip from Vancouver is faster than BC Ferries', and there is WiFi on board, but the least expensive fare on Hullo is more than double the fare to travel on BC Ferries. (updated Feb 2024)

#### From Washington state in the United States of America

* Note: The Sidney-Anacortes ferry service has been suspended and will not resume until at least 2030.
* (Information last updated 01 Mar 2023)
* 48.42157-123.372081 Black Ball Ferry Line (MV Coho), 430 Belleville St, Victoria, ☏ +1 250-386-2202, toll-free: +1-800-264-6475. Is a passenger and vehicle ferry running between Port Angeles, Washington and Victoria across the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Crossing time is 90 minutes. Service runs all year except for an annual refit for one week in winter time. In the winter, this ferry runs 2 sailings a day and in the summer up to 4 sailings per day each way are scheduled. Fares are US$70.00 for car and driver and US$21.00 per passenger 12 years old and older, US$10.50 for children 5-11 years old, free for children 4 years old and younger. (updated Aug 2022)
* 48.42231-123.373582 Victoria Clipper, Belleville St, Victoria (Belleville St just west of Oswego St), ☏ +1 206-443-2560, toll-free: +1-800-888-2535. Direct passenger only ferry between Victoria harbour and Pier 69 at the Seattle waterfront. Some of the sailings make an additional stop in Friday Harbor, going both directions. Crossing time is 2.75 hours. (updated Aug 2022)
* 48.64362-123.397433 Washington State Ferries, 2499 Ocean Ave, Sidney (About 1 km south of downtown Sidney). Operates seasonal service (late March to late December) to Sidney connecting with Anacortes via Friday Harbor on San Juan Island. The ferry makes one round trip per day in the Spring and Fall, and two round trips in the Summer. Reservations can be made online. For security and immigration processing when travelling between the two countries, a 60 minute advance arrival at the terminal is strongly suggested. Walk on passengers need to arrive 30 minutes in advance. Vehicle reservations are recommended. Passports are required to enter either country. Service to Sidney has been suspended since the Covid-19 pandemic and the operator has announced that service to Sidney is suspended until at least 2030 due to the lack of available ferries and crew. (updated Mar 2023)

### By bus

* BC Ferries Connector, toll-free: +1-888-788-8840. offers an express coach service between Vancouver and Victoria. This bus service runs on BC Ferries, and tickets can be purchased on board for the trip into town. Despite the "express" name, this bus takes the same or more time than the transit bus in Vancouver, although it is a much more comfortable ride. Travel time between Vancouver and Victoria is 4 hours. As of April 2022, cost from downtown Vancouver to downtown Victoria is approx $68 one way, or approximately $20 for the trip from the ferry terminal to downtown Victoria.. (updated Mar 2022)

### By plane

* Campbell River (YBL) airport with flights from Vancouver
* Comox (YQQ) - airport with flights from Calgary and Vancouver
* Nanaimo Airport (YCD ) - the second largest airport on Vancouver Islands, flights from Calgary and Vancouver
* Port Hardy (YZT) - small airport with flights from Vancouver
* Tofino (YAZ) - small airport with flights from Vancouver
* Victoria International Airport (YYJ) - the largest airport on Vancouver Island, located adjacent to Sidney. Has flights from various locations in Canada.

#### Seaplanes

There are seaplane facilities with scheduled commercial flights on Vancouver Island at Victoria's harbour, at Maple Bay (near Duncan), and at Nanaimo harbour. Seaplane routes connect frequently from-to downtown Vancouver and Vancouver International Airport (YVR), and Sechelt on the Sunshine Coast.

## Get around
### By car

The easiest way to travel around Vancouver Island is to drive. There are car ferries to the island from Vancouver, Powell River and Port Angeles (Washington), and rental cars are available in the cities and larger towns.
There is one major north-south highway system on the island, which runs along the eastern side. It begins in Victoria as Highway 1 (Trans-Canada Highway) traveling north to Nanaimo. From Nanaimo and north up to Port Hardy, Highway 19 (Island Highway) takes over.

### By bus

* IslandLink Bus, info@islandlinkbus.com. Service from Port Hardy, Campbell River, Nanaimo, Tofino, and Victoria. Smaller towns and communities can also connect to one of these hubs. (updated Jan 2023)
* Tofino Bus (Vancouver Island Connector). Seasonal service operating between mid-May to mid-October with route operating several days per week on Vancouver Island between Victoria and Tofino with stops in Langford, Duncan, Chemainus, Ladysmith, Nanaimo, Parksville, Coombs, Port Alberni and Ucluelet. (updated Jun 2024)
* West Coast Trail Express, ☏ +1-250-477-8700, toll-free: +1-888-999-2288. Seasonal service allowing hikers of the West Coast Trail to reach the northern (Bamfield) and southern (Port Renfrew) ends of the trail. Operates route that connects Victoria with Port Renfrew, Gordon River, and Bamfield. The route operates from May 1 to September 30. (updated Mar 2022)

### By public transit

BC Transit operates bus routes in cities around Vancouver Island. BC Transit has intercity bus routes enabling travel between Victoria and Campbell River along the east coast of Vancouver Island, which involves traveling on the following routes:
* Route 66 between Victoria, Langford, and Duncan. Operates Monday to Saturday with limited trips. Operated by Cowichan Regional Valley Transit System.
* Route 70 between Duncan, Ladysmith, and downtown Nanaimo. Operates Monday to Saturday with a number of trip options. Operated by Cowichan Regional Valley Transit System.and Regional District of Nanaimo Transit System.
* Route 1, 20, or 20A between downtown Nanaimo and Nanaimo (Woodgrove Centre). Operate daily with a number of trip options. Part of Nanaimo Regional Transit System.
* Route 9 between Nanaimo (Woodgrove Centre), Parksville, and Qualicum Beach. Operates daily with a number of trip options. Part of Nanaimo Regional Transit System.
* Route 99 between Qualicum Beach and Deep Bay. Operates daily with limited trips. Part of Nanaimo Regional Transit System.
* Route 10 between Deep Bay and Courtenay. Operates Monday to Saturday with limited trips between Deep Bay and Courtenay. Part of Comox Valley Regional Transit System. Note: Route 10 operates many additional daily trips between Fanny Bay and Courtenay, which do not enable a connection with Route 99.
* Route 12 between Courtenay and Oyster River Operates Monday to Saturday with a number of trip options. Part of Comox Valley Regional Transit System.
* Route 6 between Oyster River and Campbell River. Operates daily with a number of trip options. Part of Campbell River Transit System.
* Routes 1, 2, or 3 between Campbell River (Willow Point) and Campbell River (downtown). Operate daily with a number of trip options. Part of Campbell River Transit System.

## See

In Arrowsmith Coombs Country, see the giant old growth forest at Cathedral Grove, funky "goats on the roof" market at Coombs.
Watch the tide go out for more than a kilometre at Parksville and Rathtrevor Beaches.

## Do

A mild climate means year round tour opportunities including winter surfing, storm watching, mountain skiing and fall salmon viewing into December.
Go on a hiking or walking nature tour of ancient rainforests with their giant trees, visit alpine meadows and lakes or stroll along colourful sea side tide pools. Try bird watching or wildlife viewing in the area's diverse ecosystems. Journey on a whale watching or grizzly bear tour. Some operators of tours operating in multiple areas of Vancouver Island:
* Pacific Northwest Expeditions Ltd., P.O. Box 97, Stn. A Nanaimo, ☏ +1 250 754-6300. Sea kayaking tours and vacations. Kayaking the Inside Passage with killer whales, whale watching, grizzly bear viewing, and lodge based kayak adventures.
* Coastal Bliss Adventures Ltd., 6-5803 Banks Rd, Cowichan Bay, toll-free: +1-800-896-9525. Hiking, kayaking, and canoeing tours from coastline to the Coast Mountains. Wildlife viewing at the boundaries of land, sea, and sky. Tours on the North Coast Trail and kayaking in both Pacific Rim and Gulf Islands National Parks. (updated Mar 2023)
Out of Telegraph Cove on the north end of the island, kayak with the orca, and go on expeditions in Johnstone Strait & vicinity.
Golf at over 11 world-class courses on Vancouver Island.
The Sunshine Coast-Vancouver Island Circle Tour, a road trip involving ferries. The trip involves travel between Vancouver, the Sunshine Coast, and eastern Vancouver Island between Comox and Victoria in circuit that does not involve backtracking.

## Go next

* Take BC ferries from Swartz Bay (near Victoria), Nanaimo or Comox to the Lower Mainland, with urban Vancouver and its environs offering a sophisticated experience and other areas such as the Sunshine Coast being more rural and natural.
* BC Ferries from Port Hardy head through the Inside Passage to Prince Rupert, accessing the North Coast of British Columbia.
* BC Ferries from Swartz Bay (near Victoria) to the Southern Gulf Island communities of Saturna, Mayne, Pender, Galiano and Saltspring. The Southern Gulf Islands have something to offer any kind of traveller. Visitors who love the outdoors can boat, hike or view wildlife in one of the Southern Gulf Islands' beautiful regional, provincial and national parks. For the culinary traveller, local wineries, fromageries, bakeries, and farms all offer tantalizing treats. For those interested in immersing themselves in the Gulf Islands lifestyle, check out the many local galleries, theatres and community events. Travellers who just want to be pampered can relax at any number of high-end resorts, retreats and spas, while the low-key traveller can experience a quaint bed and breakfast, or a rustic campsite in Gulf Islands National Park Reserve.
* Black Ball Transport offers ferries from Victoria to Port Angeles, Washington, the gateway to the Olympic National Park
* Washington State Ferries offer ferries from Sidney to the San Juan Islands and Anacortes.
* Desolation Sound: is between Lund and Campbell River up to Dent Island filled with beautiful islands and few towns