# Isaan

Isaan (อีสาน; also Isan, Isarn and even Esarn) is Thailand's largest region, consisting of 20 provinces. Despite having 30% of Thailand's population, this region receives less than 3% of Thailand's tourist dollars. It is a multicultural region where Laos, Cambodia and Thailand meet, and has a rich history and great food. In particular, it is home to Thailand's second-largest ethnic group, the Thai Lao.

## Regions

* Northern Isaan The great Mekong Valley, the national parks of Loei, Ban Chiang, Nong Khai, Wat Phra That Phanom.
* Central Isaan Also known as the Chi River Basin, the highway from Bangkok ends here in Khon Kaen.
* Southern Isaan Centred around bustling Nakhon Ratchasima, the Mun River Basin is home to Khao Yai National Park and the beautiful Khmer architecture of Phanom Rung and Phimai.

## Cities

* 16.433333102.8333331 Khon Kaen — centre of the Isaan region, Mittraphap Rd (Rte 2) passes the edge of the town centre
* 17.485313101.7307052 Loei — known for its numerous high hills, mountains and is one of Thailand's vineyards
* 17.406944104.7808333 Nakhon Phanom — bordering Laos along the Mekong
* 14.973611102.0830564 Nakhon Ratchasima (Korat) — the chaotic hub of Isaan, gateway from central Thailand
* 17.884167102.7466675 Nong Khai — gateway to Vientiane and the lovely Mekong Valley
* 16.0533103.65136 Roi Et — home to the tallest standing Buddha image of the world, Phra Phuttha Rattana Mongkhon
* 14.886357103.4931727 Surin — known for its annual elephant parade and Khmer temples
* 15.228056104.8594448 Ubon Ratchathani — almost always shortened to simply "Ubon", gateway to the Cambodia-Laos border
* 17.4253102.79029 Udon Thani — also known as "Udon", best known for the archaeological site Ban Chiang

## Other destinations

* 14.35101.441 Khao Yai National Park — Thailand's first national park and a UNESCO World Heritage Site
* 14.636331102.7746462 Phanom Rung Historical Park — beautiful Khmer temples and one of the top attractions in Isaan
* 15.222863102.4939923 Phimai Historical Park — some of the most important Khmer architecture in Thailand

## Understand

Isaan is a wonderful part of Thailand to visit if you tire of backpacker haunts, one temple after another, or the beaches. The relative isolation and underdevelopment of the area means that Isaan is a good place to get off the beaten track and encounter Thailand's agricultural underpinnings and natural scenery.

### Climate

North east Thailand is monsoonal, cool in the dry months of December and January, getting hot and humid in February, March and April, the very wet and tropical during May, June, July and August. Temperatures during the dry can be mid to high 20s °C during the day and as low as 10°C overnight. For much of the rest of the year expect low to mid 30s °C. and high humidity. The air during February, March and April can be very smoky when the main cash crop of sugar is burnt prior to cutting. Use the AQI website for more information and real-time air quality data.

## Talk

The native language of the inhabitants of the region is Isan, which is a dialect of Lao.
Most inhabitants of Isaan are fluent in Thai.

## Get in
### By car

One of the best ways to enter the region is by car.

### By plane

There are airports in Khon Kaen, Nakhon Phanom, Roi Et, Sakon Nakhon, Ubon Ratchathani, and Udon Thani. A flight to Khon Kaen from Bangkok will take you about an hour.

### By bus

Isaan has a large and extensive public bus network.
Depending on traffic conditions, a bus ride to Nakhon Ratchasima from Bangkok takes about four hours.
You can purchase bus tickets at a local bus station or online.

### By train

Regular train services connect Bangkok with Ubon Ratchathani (via Nakhon Ratchasima, Buriram, Surin, Si Saket and other stations along the way) and Nong Khai (via Khon Kaen, Udon Thani, etc).

## Get around

Depending on where you're coming from and where you want to get to, buses, minibuses, songthaews, motorbikes, and bicycles are all good options.
The train system is also a good way to get around, but with only two lines in the region, the number of locations served is limited.

## See

There are many attractions in Isaan:
* The surreal statues of Sala Kaew Ku, Nong Khai
* The temple inside the mountain at Chiang Khan
* The temple of beer bottles in Si Saket
* The beautiful Khmer temples in the Phanom Rung Historical Park
* Phimai Historical Park has even more Khmer architecture
* Flora, fauna, and waterfalls in the Khao Yai National Park

## Eat

Isaan cuisine shares much in common with Lao cuisine, and is distinctly different from central Thai cooking, although there has been a considerable amount of cross-pollination. Perhaps the best-known Isaan dish is som tam (or tam mak hung in Lao/Isaan), a spicy salad prepared from unripe papayas. While Thais prepare this with dried shrimp, in Isaan the preferred style is with preserved crab (puu) or mudfish, an acquired taste. Other characteristic dishes include roast chicken (kai yaang), sticky rice (khao niaw), fermented pork and rice sausage (sai krok) and a wide variety of cold meat, mint and lemon juice "salads" known as larb.
A word of warning: Isaan food is known, even among Thais, for being fiery hot.

## Drink

In addition to the regular standbys, popular drinks in the Isaan region include lao kao, a strong clear spirit distilled from rice, and a home made fermented rice wine called lao hai (เหล้าไห), also known as sato or sa tho (สาโท), made from sticky rice in earthenware jars and drunk directly with a straw. Another popular spirit is Hong Tong, made from distilled molasses (making it a type of arak) and drunk with ice and soda.
Beware that distilling at home is illegal in Thailand, and while this is rarely enforced, it does mean that there is little if any quality control on the local moonshine.

## Stay safe

Violence occasionally flares up along the Cambodian border, mainly near Preah Vihear, as Cambodia and Thailand squabble over a small patch of disputed territory. However, as elsewhere in Thailand, Isaan people are Buddhist and are generally happy and friendly people. Many Isaan people are poor and the temptation to overcharge tourists is common as the perception is that 'falang' are wealthy. Compared to the average earnings in Isaan, tourists are wealthy and can probably afford to pay a few extra baht for a tuk tuk ride.

## Respect

The inhabitants of Isaan tend to be direct communicators, i.e., you can expect them to tell you exactly what they think. Be mindful of that while you're here.

## Go next

* Phitsanulok - a gateway to Northern Thailand
* Preah Vihear - magnificent Khmer temple in Cambodia, easy to reach from Isaan with no visa required
* Vientiane - the once sleepy capital of Laos, becoming more and more discovered