# Jiangsu

Jiangsu (江苏 Jiāngsū) province is located on a 1000-km (600-odd mile) stretch of the east coast of China, just north of Shanghai. The Yangtze River and the Grand Canal both cross the province, and there are many other historical attractions, several of which are on the UNESCO World Heritage List. Suzhou has China's best-known classical gardens, while Nanjing has been the capital of several dynasties and has much history, including the mausoleum of Sun Yat-Sen. This is also the province where the Nobel prize-winning American author Pearl Buck lived and worked.
Jiangsu is China's fifth most populous province (about 80 million, comparable to Germany or Turkey), and one of its most prosperous. Compared to other Chinese provinces, it has both the highest population density and the highest per capita GDP. Major industries include electronic equipment, chemicals and textiles. Overall GDP is about half that of India.

## Cities

Jiangsu has 13 prefectures, around the following 13 cities:
* 32.05118.7666671 Nanjing - the capital of Jiangsu Province, a historical city that was the capital of 6 dynasties and the Republic of China.
* 31.783333119.9666672 Changzhou
* 33.5119.1333333 Huai'an
* 34.6119.1666674 Lianyungang
* 31.983333120.95 Nantong - major river port near Shanghai
* 33.933333118.2833336 Suqian
* 31.3120.67 Suzhou - famous for its classic gardens, a major tourist destination
* 32.45119.9166678 Taizhou
* 31.566667120.39 Wuxi - industrial city near Suzhou
* 34.26117.2110 Xuzhou - Northern Jiangsu's largest city
* 33.383333120.11666711 Yancheng
* 32.4119.41666712 Yangzhou
* 32.2119.41666713 Zhenjiang - a major tourist attraction for its temples and museums
Other cities:
* Changshu, Suzhou
* Gaoyou, Yangzhou
* Jiangyin, Wuxi
* 31.322120.98514 Kunshan - a rapidly growing town between Shanghai and Suzhou
* Wujiang, Suzhou
* Xinghua, Taizhou
* Yixing, Wuxi
* Zhangjiagang, Suzhou
* 31.114722120.84555615 Zhouzhuang - a water town with many ancient buildings and traditional Jiangnan lifestyle
Jiangnan can be translated as "[The land] South of the Yangtze". The name refers to the entire area where the Wu culture dominated historically and the Wu dialects are still common. It is centered in the region around Lake Tai on the Jiangsu-Zhejiang border, an area that includes Suzhou and Wuxi. It also includes the Yangtze Delta area, including Shanghai, and parts of Zhejiang as far south as Hangzhou.

## Get in

Jiangsu is well connected by road, rail and air to the rest of the country and world.
In particular, the comfortable new high speed trains connect Hangzhou and Shanghai to cities in Jiangsu — Suzhou, Wuxi, Changzhou and Nanjing.
Shanghai has many international flights and Nanjing (NKG) some, including a direct service from Frankfurt on Lufthansa; both those cities also have many domestic flights. Wuxi (WUX), Nantong (NTG), Yangzhou/Taizhou (YTY) and Changzhou have airports primarily for domestic flights; some of them are also served by low-cost airlines flying to places such as Thailand. Xuzhou Guanyin International Airport (XUZ) has a number of domestic and a few international flights.
There are also boats along the Yangtze and the Grand Canal.

## Get around

There are good bus and train links within the province, plus some boats on the Yangtze and other waterways.

### By train

The main rail corridor south of the Yangtze, Nanjing-Shanghai, running through Jiangsu's biggest cities, now has three more or less parallel railway lines: the old ("conventional") Beijing-Nanjing-Shanghai line (lowest fares, but intra-province tickets are hard to come by; mostly used for taking trains to other parts of China), the high-speed Beijing-Nanjing-Shanghai line (mostly useful for taking high-speed trains to other parts of China), and the "intercity" Nanjing-Shanghai line (frequent service between region's cities). Many cities in this corridor have separate stations for each line, so always make sure you know where your train is to be boarded. Nanjing has two railway stations (Nanjing and Nanjing South) as well.
North of the Yangtze, the Nanjing-Yangzhou-Nantong line has frequent high-speed service, along with some conventional service as well.
There is no passenger rail connection across the Yangtze downstream of Nanjing (cargo trains use a ferry), so you can't take a train from e.g. Yangzhou or Nantong to Shanghai. However, there are talks about building a railway bridge around Nantong.
Xuzhou, in the far north-west of Jiangsu, is a major railway hub. The rest of northern Jiangsu has a number or rail lines as well; service between most of its major cities and Nanjing is available, but is less frequent than on the lines along the Yangtze.

### By car

The roads are good so you could consider renting a car and driver, or even driving yourself. See Driving in China.

### By bicycle

Outside of small historic city centers, Jiangsu's cities have fairly good conditions for bicycling, with wide street provided with separate lanes for two-wheeled vehicles (which, these days, are mostly electric motorcycles rather than pedal bicycles).
Traveling by bicycle between cities is more pleasant in wealthier Jiangsu than in many other parts of China (and Asia in general) as well. In many other parts of the country it is crossing a city's outskirts which is the least pleasant part of a bike trip: central cities have decently maintained streets with bike lanes, countryside has fairly light traffic, but cities are surrounded by belts of light industrial land use (rebar vendors, cement factories, tire shops, recyclers, etc), where roads are often broken and dusty, while traffic is heavy and chaotic. In Jiangsu, however, it is often possible to leave a city via a wide boulevard with stately buildings and parkland around it, such as Nanjing's Xianlin Road (仙林大道).
Most of the bridges across the Yangtze only carry expressway traffic, and can't be used by bicycles. To cross the river with a bike, you can use Nanjing's First Bridge (the city's oldest bridge, NW of downtown), or a ferry (such as the one between Yangzhou and Zhenjiang).
Many cities (e.g. Nanjing, Zhenjiang, Yangzhou) have bicycle rental programs, with self-service bicycle stands around the city. However, one probably has to be a local resident with all the accoutrements of residence (a local ID card, a Chinese cell phone, a Chinese credit card...) to make us of it; see if your local friends can help you.

## Talk

Jiangsu can be broadly divided into two linguistic regions. The southern part of the province is Wu ("Shanghainese") speaking while the northern part is Mandarin speaking. The Suzhou (not Shanghai) dialect of Wu is traditionally considered to be the prestige dialect, so learners of Wu will find it spoken in the "purest" form there. The Nanjing dialect of Mandarin differs significantly in pronunciation from standard Mandarin; it is somewhat mutually intelligible, but outsiders may struggle to understand even if fluent in standard Mandarin. As everywhere in mainland China, people learn Standard Mandarin in school.

## See

The Presidential Palace. Historically the site of a number of important government officials, it is also a beautiful garden, an oasis from the noisy, bustling city. About ¥40 a person.
Purple Mountain. Although the base is crowded, for ¥60 a person, there is a chair lift to the top which is scenic. Again, a nice getaway from the city.
Suzhou has many water-towns. These are cities interlaced by rivers and streams. The main means of transportation was once by water. Zhouzhuang is the most famous of the water townships.

## Eat

Jiangsu cuisine, known as Su cuisine, is one of the eight key culinary traditions of China. It is very popular at government banquets China due to its fresh and light taste, emphasis on natural flavours and elegant presentation. Popular ingredients include fish (especially river fish), bamboo, mushrooms and tea leaves.