# Gujarat

Gujarat (Gujarati: ગુજરાત) is a state in the western region of India. Lothal, near to Ahmedabad and Dholavira, near to Kutch are sites of a Harappan (Indus) civilisation, which existed more than 4,000 years ago. Gujarat is known for the Stepped Wells, Jain Temples, Asiatic Lion and business-oriented people.

## Regions

* North Gujarat
* Central Gujarat
* South Gujarat
* Saurashtra It was never incorporated into British India. Instead it survived as more than 200 princely states under British suzeranity till independence.
* Kutch The largest district in the state and the country, famous for the Rann of Kutch.

## Cities

Below is a selection of nine of Gujarat's most populated cities. Other cities can be found under their specific regions.
* 23.2156472.636941 Gandhinagar — administrative capital of Gujarat, city of Akshardham Temple and the second planned Green City.
* 23.0225172.571362 Ahmedabad — Manchester of the East, commercial capital of Gujarat, home of Mahatma Gandhi’s Ashram.
* 21.7644772.151933 Bhavnagar — busy industrial centre, base for journeys to nearby sites.
* 23.24269.6669324 Bhuj — a historical city and has a long history of kings and empires.
* 22.470770.057735 Jamnagar — home to the world’s largest Grass-Root Refinery complex.
* 21.5221870.457886 Junagadh — city of ancient Ashokan Stone Edicts.
* 22.3038970.802167 Rajkot — former capital of the state of Saraushtra.
* 21.1702472.831068 Surat — Diamond City, famous for mouth watering Surati food.
* 22.3071673.181229 Vadodara (Baroda) — Cultured City, Oxford of Gujarat.

## Other destinations

* 22.0325972.064591 Blackbuck National Park — open grassland that is home to blackbuck and nilgais (Blue bison)
* 22.4846273.532412 Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park — a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Old Islamic cities with fortress and Jain temples
* 21.13555670.7966673 Gir Forest National Park — a very important and supported habitat for the last remaining population of wild Asiatic lions
* 22.599969.95574 Pirotan Island — a Marine National Park, Gulf of Kutch

## Understand

Gujarat is a dazzlingly diverse state that shakes up the know-it-all Indophile, and reveals treasures hidden from the tourist hordes. Gujaratis are famous for their thrift and entrepreneurship. Encounter an Indian anywhere, from Wall Street to Wellington, and there’s a good chance they hail from this wealthy, resourceful state. There are many significant sites of the God Krishna’s life along the coast of Saurashtra. With 20% of the country's total industrial output, Gujarat is also the most industrialised state in India.

### People

About 89% of the population of Gujarat are Hindus. Muslims account for 9% and Jains 1% of the population. Most of the Gujarati people are strict vegetarians. Amongst Hindus the deity of Krishna is famously worshipped in his form of Shrinathji throughout Gujarat. Since Gujarat is a heavily industrialised state, there are many factory jobs that have attracted migrants from other parts of India.
Another notable community in Gujarat is the Siddi community, who are comprised of people of African descent who have lived in India for many generations. Despite now speaking Gujarati as their first language, many African customs continue to be preserved in the community.

### Weather

The winters are mild, pleasant and dry, with average daytime temperatures around 24 °C (80 °F) and nights around 10 °C (51 °F) with 100 % sunny days and clear nights.
The summers are extremely hot and dry with day temperatures around 46 °C (115 °F) and at night no lower than 34 °C (90 °F) with sunshine.
At the time just before the Monsoon, the temperatures are similar to summer but with high humidity which makes the air feel hotter. Relief comes when the monsoon season starts around mid June. The day temperatures are lower to around 38 °C (100 °F) but humidity is very high and nights are around 27 °C (80 °F).
Winter (October to January) is best time to travel in Gujarat.

## Talk

    See also: Gujarati phrasebook
The official language of the state is Gujarati. It is the native language of virtually everyone living in the state.
Hindi is widely understood and used in everyday business. For many Gujaratis, it is a second (sometimes a third) language. If you don't know any Gujarati, don't despair; you can get around easily using only Hindi.
English is taught in schools and is understood in major cities; however, proficiency in the language is virtually non-existent outside of major cities and in rural areas.
Gujaratis are often lampooned by people in other parts of India for their English language skills — for example, they normally pronounce "snake" as "snack", and they normally pronounce "push" as "puss". The Gujaratis themselves even admit that the clichés about their English language skills are true. The two main reasons behind this: a poor educational system and limited access to English-language education.

## Get in
### By plane

* Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport (SVPIA) (AMD) airport is in the North Zone of Ahmedabad. Ahmedabad is the only international airport in Gujarat with regular flights to and from London, New York, Chicago, Singapore, Muscat, Kuwait, Doha (Qatar), Sharjah and Dubai. Domestic flights connect to Mumbai (Bombay), Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Bhopal, Indore and Kolkata (Calcutta).
* Vadodara Airport is a major airport in Gujarat with daily flights to Delhi and Mumbai; and hopping flights to Bangalore (Bengaluru), Hyderabad, and Kolkata.
* Surat Airport (STV) is a domestic airport in the Magdalla area of Surat. Air India has daily flights to and from Delhi. SpiceJet operates daily from Surat to Mumbai and Delhi.
Flights into smaller airports of Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Diu, Jamnagar, Porbandar, Keshod, Surat and Rajkot connect through Mumbai.

### By car

* From Delhi, Agra and other places in the Plains: Take the National Highway 48 (NH 48).
* From Mumbai, Jaipur, Jodhpur and other places in Western India: Take the National Highway 48 (NH 48).
* From Nagpur and other places in Vidarbha: Take the National Highway 53 (NH 53).
* From Indore, Bhopal and other places in Central India: Take the National Highway 47 (NH 47).
Gujarat has 1,572 km of National Highway network.

### By train

India has very big rail network. Indian Railways has a 5,890 km rail network in Gujarat.
* There are trains from and to Mumbai (500 km) and New Delhi (1000 km) and other big cities of India several times a day going to the main cities of North-Centre-South Gujarat, including Ahmedabad, Vadodara and Surat.
* Cities of Saurashtra and Kutch, including Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Surendranagar, Porbandar, Kandla and Rajkot, are connected via Mumbai.

## Get around
### By road

Most people in Gujarat travel by government buses like GSRTC, private buses or by taxi. These are excellent modes of transport as the roads are among the best in India. Check at your hotel if you want a travel agent for private buses.

### By train

Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Surat, Rajkot, Bhavnagar, Bhuj, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Surendranagar, Porbandar and Kandla are big stations in the Indian Railways network.

## See
### Itineraries

* Buddhist Route (4 Day / 3 Night) - Start from Bhavnagar – Day one - Buddhist Caves at Talaja - Night (Junagadh) – Day two - Ashoka Rock Edicts, Buddhist Caves at Junagadh and Upperkot Fort – Night (Bhuj) - Day three - Buddhist caves in Siyot village via Lakhpat - Night (Bhuj)- Day Four - Shopping at Ahmedabad and/or Exit for Rajasthan or Delhi or Mumbai.
* International Tourist Route (4 Day / 3 Night) - Start from Ahmedabad- Day one – Mahatma Gandhi Ashram - Calico Museum of Textiles – Night (Ahmedabad or Utelia Palace Hotel or Velavadar National Park guest house) – Day Two - Velavadar National Park - Palitana – Night (Bhavnagar or Diu) – Day Three - Relax on beaches and resorts of Diu or The Somnath temple – Junagadh –Night (Junagadh or Rajkot or Rann Riders Resort) – Day Four - Rann Riders Resort or Shopping or Exit for Rajasthan or Delhi or Mumbai.

## Do

* Travel by Royal Orient Train The Royal Orient train is one of the world's most exotic trains. It is an experience that takes you back to the times of Rajas and Maharajas. You get to explore two of the most fascinating and culturally rich states of India, Gujarat and Rajasthan. The train travel 7 days through Delhi - Chittaurgarh - Udaipur - Junagarh - Dilwara - Palitana - Ahmedabad - Jaipur and back to Delhi
* Travel by man driven Boat in Nal Sarovar (lake) Bird Sanctuary spread over 120 km² to see over 250 species of migrated birds from Siberia and Europe. Best time to visit Nal Sarovar is Between November and February. In April Birds start to leave the lake.
* Safari in Blackbuck National Park to see group of jumping Black Bucks from every parts of the park. There is no wild animal in park, it is also fun to trail or Camping in park.
* Hiking on the Shatrunjaya hill and biking on Hastagiri to see devotion of Jain. There are in total 863 marble temples (largest cluster of temples in India) on Shatrunjaya hill
* Safari in Gir Forest National Park to see Remaining Asiatic Lions in the world.

### Fairs and festivals

* Bhadra Purnima-Bhadra Purnima is one of the biggest festivals of Gujarat, popularly known as the Ambaji Bhadra Purnima. This is because the festival is celebrated at Ambaji, a village which derives its name from the shrine that is here. The village is situated at the foothills of Mount Aravalli.
* Dangs Darbar-Dangs Darbar is an annual festival celebrated in the Dangs district, in the Saputara Hills of India. The district is inhabited by the tribal people, who have lived in the region's woods and highlands since times memorial. This makes Dangs Darbar, essentially a tribal festival of Gujarat.
* Kutch Mahotsav-Kutch Mahotsav serves as the guided tour of the Kutch region of Gujarat. It is organized by the Tourism Corporation of Gujarat and lasts for six day. This tour takes you around the venerated places in Kutch.
* Modhera Dance Festival-Modhera dance festival is one of the major festivals organised in the state of Gujarat. It is primarily a dance festival and showcases the various traditional dance forms of the region.
* Rath Yatra-Rath Yatra is a huge festival celebrated in Gujarat. Rath means chariot and Yatra means journey. As the name suggests, during the festival, huge wooden floats are prepared and the idols of Lord Krishna, Lord Balarama and Goddess Subhadra are placed in them.
* The Uttarayan- The one-day Uttarayan is held every year on 14 January across Gujarat. The aerodynamic skill, devotion and ingenuity that goes into the kite making and flying is almost a religion in itself, honed to the level of an art form, though it looks deceptively simple.

## Buy

There are Gujarati Handicraft Development Corporation showrooms selling Gujarati and Kutchhy handicrafts in Ahmedabad, Vadodara, Bhavnagar, Rajkot, and Surat.

## Eat

Gujarat is heaven for vegetarians. Approximately 80% of Gujaratis eat vegetarian foods only. Hundreds of varieties of lacto-vegetarian foods are offered across Gujarat. Rotli (chapati/puri), shaak (subzi/vegetables/curries), mithai (sweets), rice and dal are parts of a Gujarati Thali in restaurants. Finding non-vegetarian restaurants in Gujarat can be difficult. Chicken and mutton are the most common kinds of meat, but only occasionally eaten.

## Drink

On paper, Gujarat is one of the few states in India that curtails the sale and distribution of alcoholic beverages. But in reality, the law is weakly enforced and it is quite common for people to illegally distribute alcohol.
To purchase alcohol, you must apply for a permit. You may do so online$^{[deadlink]}$ or at the place where you stay. You may only buy and drink alcoholic beverages at licensed locations.

## Stay safe

Gujarat is a relatively safe state compared to the rest of India. It has a low crime-rate compared to the Plains, although pickpockets are not uncommon. For emergencies, you can dial 100 for police assistance.
Public drunkenness is illegal and frowned upon. It is punishable by imprisonment, fines, or both.

## Respect

    See also: India#Respect
Gujaratis generally like to personalise their business relationships and may go to various lengths to impress you or be well-acquainted with you. While it may be seen as off-putting in other parts of the world, Gujaratis generally consider it important to build trust and rapport with the people around them. Try not to brush them off or dismiss their efforts in getting to know you better.
The terms "bhai" (for men) and "behn" (for women) are used to address people you are close to.
Try to learn, or at least make an attempt to learn a few words of the local language, Gujarati. In so doing, you will endear yourself to the locals.