OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stockholm's northern defenses

Stockholm has been surrounded by fortifications since its foundation in the 13th century. By the late 19th century, these had been pushed out to Stockholm's northern suburbs and Stockholm archipelago.

## Understand

* Walking tours in Stockholm
* History tour
* Stockholm Main Street
* Quay palace tour
* Södermalm heights tour
* Jewish tour
* Environmentalist tour
* Millennium Tour
* Swedish Grace tour
* Lidingö history tour
* Military tour
* Haunted tour
* Viking tour
See Stockholm military tour and Swedish Empire.
The Swedish Armed Forces and other government agencies have a serious security protocol for facilities still in use. The venues listed here are abandoned or in civilian use, and are to some extent open to the public.

## Get around

Driving is the easiest way to get around. Vaxholm, Rindö and Värmdö are connected by car ferries. Cycling can be considered for fit visitors, when weather allows; see cycling in Sweden.

## Danderyd line

* 59.47305618.0572221 Karby batteri.
* 59.48318.0642 Prästgårdsfortet.
* 59.478918.07733 Skogbergafortet.
* 59.47512218.0814 Gullsjöfortet.
* 59.47166718.0811115 Margretelundsfortet.
* 59.46333318.1246116 Västra Arningefortet.
* 59.4618.1327787 Östra Arningefortet.
* 59.45354218.1467838 Sandvikens batteri.

## Vaxholm line

* 59.3932418.284759 Bogesund Palace (Bogesunds slott), Per Brahes väg (Vaxholm). A 17th century palace, never used as a fortification, though the 19th century neo-Gothic towers might create that illusion. Guided tours at summer.
* 59.39777818.32138910 Pålsundsbatteriet. A strait which has been fortified since the 16th century. The surviving fortification was built in the 1870s.
* 59.40527818.35361111 Kronuddsbatteriet.
* 59.40282718.35951512 Vaxholm Fortress (Vaxholms fästning) (Stockholm archipelago). A fortress which has guarded Stockholm's harbour since the 16th century, and famously resisted an attack by the Russian Empire in 1719. Over the centuries, an extensive coastal defense system was built across the archipelago, with Vaxholm as its headquarters. Since 2003, the fortress has a museum of its history, as well as hospitality venues.
* 59.40611118.36694413 Rindö redutt.
* 59.39305618.43055614 Vaxholm Garrison. Military quarters converted to housing and commercial buildings.
* 59.396818.43715 Boat Hall (Rindö).
* 59.39861118.43527816 Oskar-Fredriksborg. A fortress.
* 59.40027818.442517 Fredriksborg.

## Places nearby

* 59.49888918.06277818 Jarlabanke bridge (Runriket) (Täby). An 11th century road in a district with plenty of runestones, and the site of an annual Viking festival.
* 59.4663418.1299241 Arninge. An outdoor shopping center.
* 59.44844418.19622219 Östra Ryds church. A church with parts from the early 14th century.
* 59.43997618.18566320 Rydboholm Castle (Rydboholms slott) (Åkersberga). An old castle, once owned by the Swedish royal dynasty "Vasaätten". (updated Oct 2017)

## Go next

* Uppland history tour
* Stockholm Archipelago trail
# Spiš

Spiš (Hungarian: Szepes, German: Zips) is a historic region in north-east Slovakia near the Polish border. A small portion of the historic Hungarian Szepes county is on the Polish side.

## Regions

Traditionally, the region is divided into:
* Lower-Spiš ((sk)Dolný Spiš), corresponding to districts of Spišská Nová Ves and Gelnica,
* Middle-Spiš ((sk)Stredný Spiš) corresponding to districts of Levoča, Poprad and a big part of Kežmarok district,
* Upper-Spiš ((sk)Horný Spiš) corresponding to districts of Stará Ľubovňa and north-west of Kežmarok district called Zamagurie.

## Towns and cities
### Lower-Spiš

* 48.85620.941 Gelnica.
* 48.91820.8752 Krompachy.
* 48.91520.6263 Markušovce.
* 48.9433620.568984 Spišská Nová Ves. Entrance of Slovak Paradise National Park.
* 48.94420.7965 Spišské Vlachy.
* 4920.4666 Spišský Štvrtok.

### Middle-Spiš

* 49.1372520.431227 Kežmarok. Historic Germanic city (Käsmark) known for its baroque church and castle at the feet of High Tatras
* 49.0261620.588728 Levoča. A well-preserved city center on the list of UNESCO World Heritage list.
* 49.0548620.301289 Poprad. At the feet of Tatra National Park, it's the entrance to High Tatras.
* 49.18920.45510 Spišská Belá.
* 4920.75111 Spišské Podhradie. With the nearby Spiš Castle - one of the largest castles in Europe, which for many centuries was the major centre of power in the region. A fortified monastery Spišská Kapitula. Listed in UNESCO.
* 49.2707220.265412 Ždiar. A town in Tatras, with original folk traditions and ethnographic museum.

### Upper-Spiš

* 49.25820.53313 Podolínec.
* 49.31666620.683314 Stará Ľubovňa. A castle and an open-air museum

## Other destinations

* The Gothic Church at Zehra is also in UNESCO World Heritage List
National parks:
* Tatra National Park
* Pieniny National Park
* Slovak Paradise National Park

## Talk

Whilst historically the major languages of the region were Hungarian and German, today Slovak is spoken throughout. The Spis region has a notable presence of minorities: Gypsies, Rusyn-Ukrainians, and Gorals. These often keep their languages and traditions alive in their own separate villages. Until the Second World War there were also large German and Jewish populations; the latter were deported to their deaths in German camps by the Slovak puppet government during World War II, (mostly by train from Poprad station), and the Germans were largely expelled after the war.

## Get in

Poprad is the biggest city in Spiš. It has its own airport (the most elevated one in Europe) as well as a railway station. Trains connect Poprad with Bratislava in the west as well as with Košice in the east.
# Botoșani

Botoșani is a city in Moldavia, Romania. It owed its prosperity to a favorable location, on the trade route linking the lower Danube to Poland. Capital of the Botoșani County, it is today an industrial center specializing in textiles.

## Understand

Botoșani was first mentioned in 1439, when a chronicle stated that “the mongols came and pillaged all the way to Botușani”. At the intersection of commercial roads, including the Moldavian Road linking Iași to Hotin, the settlement was initially a market. During the second half of the 14C, the area was settled by foreign migrants (probably Germans or Hungarians from Transylvania). Additionally, a large community of Armenian traders arrived in the 14-15C.
Early in the 16C, a period of conflicts between Moldavia and Poland, several battles occurred near town, like in 1500, 1505 and 1509; during the rule of Petru Rareș, the place was set ablaze by the poles. Despite the fighting, Botoșani kept growing and by 1579 had "the biggest and the oldest fair of Moldavia". A large Jewish community arrived in the 17C, and soon became the second largest and most important in Moldavia, a status kept until the end of the 19C.
During World War II, the city was much damaged and finally captured by soviet troops in April 1944, in the course of the Uman-Botoșani Offensive.
Some prominent Romanian cultural figures such as the national poet Mihai Eminescu (1850-1889) and historian Nicolae Iorga (1871-1940) were born here. The painter Octav Băncilă (1872-1944) is another local. Modern poet Maria Baciu (b. 1942) also hails from Botoșani. Additionally, the city is the location of A.T. Laurian National College, founded in 1859, one of the country's oldest and most prestigious pre-university educational institutions.

## See

* Ciomac Cantemir House
* Vasilache Puppet Theatre
* Old Centre
* Vila Ventura
* Mihai Eminescu National Theatre
* Monastery Popăuți
* Casa Moscovici
* Octav Onicescu Memorial Museum
* County museums
* Silion House
* 47.7399926.671761 Holy Trinity Armenian Church (Biserica Sf. Treime) (On Armenian Street (Armeana) and Nicolae Grigorescu.). Built by the Armenian community centuries ago. Large grounds. It is not in use.
* 47.7411926.669972 Biserica Armenească “Adormirea Maicii Domnului”, Strada Armeană, nr.5. The Church of the Assumption is the oldest Armenian church in Romania, as attested by the inscription which dates from 1350.

## Do

* Football: FC Botoșani play soccer in Liga 1, the top tier. Their home ground Stadionul Municipal (capacity 7800) is 500 m southeast of the railway station.
# Agumbe

Agumbe is a small village that lies in malnad region in Shimoga (district) of Karnataka state. Agumbe is well known for two things. Firstly, it records the highest rainfall in Southern India. And secondly, for its scenic outlook and Sunset view point.

## Get in

By air
Nearest Airport is Mangalore airport which is 106 km from Agumbe. Bangalore airport is 378 km away.
By train
Agumbe is not reachable by train from other Indian cities. However Udupi is closest railway station which is 54 km from Agumbe.
By bus
There are buses from Bangalore KSRTC(Karnataka State Road Transport Corporation). There are plenty of private buses that ply from the Shimoga, Udupi and Mangalore to Agumbe.

## Get around

Agumbe is a small place and one can walk around or take auto-rickshaw. One can visit nearby places by taking local buses as well.

## See

Agumbe is well known for its scenic beauty and rain forest with many beautiful falls. The sunset view point is famous place and on a clear day one can view sun setting in Arabian sea from a view point 826 M(2710 ft) above sea level.
Barkana Falls
Barkana Falls is the 10th highest waterfall in India with a height of 850 ft/259 mts. It is formed by the Seeta River.
Onake Abbi Falls
This is another waterfall near Agumbe. In the Kannada language, "Onake" means a pounding stick which is used to pound grains in villages.
Jogigundi
This is a small water fall which is very near to Agumbe, it takes about 10 to 15 min to reach this place.
Koodlu theertha falls
A beautiful waterfall just 20 km from Agumbe, includes a Trek of 3-4 km and you will reach the most beautiful falls in the entire state.

## Do

Agumbe being part of the western ghats offers some good places for hiking/trekking with scenic beauty around. One can visit any of falls around or go for trekking in the nearby hills.
* 13.557575.1702781 Kundadri, Agumbe,Thirthahalli (On the way to agumbe from thirthahalli). Kundadri,is a hill station,a good place for trekking..at the top one can see a jain temple..

## Buy

Their own hand made things .Using phanerogams.

## Eat

Agumbe is small place and may not get much option to eat. However one can eat local food and drink tea/coffee at bus stand hotel and also at Hotel Sri Ganesh on the main road that connect to Shimoga and Udupi. Don't forget to visit small tea stall (popularly known as Bhattara tea) near to checkpost. The speciality of the stall is vanilla flavoured tea and hot vadas

## Drink

It is better to stock up beforehand

## Sleep

The inspection bungalow and the Mallya Residency near the bus stand are the two commercial places where the visitors can stay. They are available on a first come first serve basis and the Inspection bungalow gives the first preference to government officials. Especially visit Malgudi Farm House(Contact-8277310405) a nice place to do night camp in tents inside the jungle.

## Go next

* Udupi
* Shringeri
* Bhadra Tiger Reserve
* Sirsi
* Yellapur
* Mangaluru
* Dakshina Kannada
# Heber Springs

Heber Springs is a city of 7,000 people (2019) in the Ozarks region of Arkansas. Though the origin of its name in part has to do with some springs that existed to the east of the town, it's fairly safe to say that Greers Ferry Lake is its main calling card today.

## See

* 35.49349-92.02771 Frauenthal House, 210 North Broadway. A historic house listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places. It is a single-story wood-frame structure, with a gabled roof, redwood siding, and a sandstone foundation. It was built in 1914, and is Heber Springs' best example of Craftsman architecture. (updated Aug 2021)
* 35.48922-92.042152 Ruland Junction Train Museum, 401 S 12th St, ☏ +1 501 362-6342. Tu-Sa 8AM-4PM. Museum with little model trains running everywhere for the kid or the kid at heart. (updated Oct 2021)
* 35.52006-91.992973 John F. Kennedy Memorial Overlook. A viewpoint of the Greers Ferry Dam and Little Red River below, as well as a bust of the late JFK (sadly a bit ironic that probably nobody in this very conservative part of the state would even vote for the renowned statesman now). (updated Oct 2021)

## Do

During the summer season, Heber Springs pretty much comes alive with tourism centered around Greers Ferry Lake. With jet skis, party boats, waterskiing outfitters, and public beaches, it is a like a summertime recreation mecca. Some prominent lake recreation zones include:
* 35.4992-92.05581 Sandy Beach (along W Front St), ☏ +1 501 362-4901. Beach and swimming area. (updated Oct 2021)
* 35.52242-91.999112 Dam Site Recreation Area, 315 Heber Springs Rd N, ☏ +1 501 362-2416. Daily 8AM-9PM. Hiking trails, campground, and cliff jumping area. (updated Oct 2021)
* 35.5352-92.01563 Old Highway 25 Park Beach, AR-25 Spur, Tumbling Shoals, ☏ +1 501 362-2416. M-F 9AM-9PM, Sa-Su 9AM-10PM. (updated Oct 2021)

## Sleep

* 35.51784-92.012571 Quality Inn & Conference Center, 3450 Highway 25B North, ☏ +1 501 429-4008. The exterior color is kind of bland, but you can count on a complimentary breakfast here in the morning. $57. (updated Oct 2021)
# Portales

Portales is a small, fairly quiet college and agricultural town in Southeast New Mexico, United States. Home of Eastern New Mexico University. Nearest sizable town is Clovis; close to Cannon Air Force Base. Located almost adjacent to the Texas border. 90 miles from Roswell of UFO fame.

## Get in

Portales is located on the Llano Estacado (Staked Plains) in extreme eastern New Mexico, at the junction of US 70, NM 206 and NM 267. These roads are all good but rather remote, and can be troublesome during winter blizzards. The nearest air service is via commuter lines into the airport at Clovis, about 15 miles away.

## Get around

Walk or drive your own car. No local bus or taxi service.

## See

* Eastern New Mexico University has the usual small-college features, and maintains two museums: Blackwater Draw Museum off US 70, which preserves artifacts from a nearby archaeological site of some significance, and Roosevelt County Museum on campus, with the usual collection of items of local historical interest.

## Do

* 34.27678-103.32211 Blackwater Draw Site, 508 Route 467, ☏ +1 575 356-5235. Sa-Su 9AM-4PM. The archaeological site associated with ENMU's museum (see above), is available for visits during much of the year. Open 9-5 daily between Memorial Day and Labor Day; closed November-March; 9-5 Sa-Su other months. Fee $3, several discounts apply. There are a couple of short interpretive trails. This site (formally known as Blackwater Locality 1) is significant as the place where "Clovis man" was discovered (generations of children learned that Clovis Man was the oldest human ancestor in the Americas, though archaeologists now believe there may be older human settlements).

## Drink

* Roosevelt Brewing Company, 201 S. Main Ave (Downtown, across from the County Courthouse), ☏ +1 575-226-2739. 11:30AM-9PM, closed Sun-Mon. Casual eatery and local craft brewery featuring pub grub and innovative pizzas. (updated Aug 2022)

## Sleep

* 34.18142-103.346131 Sands Motel, 1130 W 1st St, ☏ +1 575 356-4424. This one is perfect if you're looking for that classic basic roadside motor inn type of feel. (updated Oct 2021)
* 34.18413-103.337692 Comfort Inn, 223 W 2nd St, ☏ +1 575 226-3996. Choice of pastries and things for breakfast.
* 34.14199-103.15093 Super 8, 1805 W Second St, ☏ +1 575 356 8518. Clean, comfortable mid-range lodging about 1/2 mile north of the ENMU campus. (updated Aug 2022)
# Singye Dzong

Singye Dzong is in sacred valley in Lhuentse district, Bhutan.

## Understand

Singye Dzong is not a Dzong (fortress) but a sacred valley in Lhuentse district near the Tibetan border. The temple there was founded by Yeshi Tsogyal, and Guru Rinpoche visited the region on his second visit to Bhutan. However, partly due to the fact that the valley is located in a sensitive area near the border and also partly due to Bhutan wishing to preserve the sanctity of its sacred sites, the valley is not open for tourists.
Due to mud in the summer and snow during the winter and spring, the only time the paths are accessible is during October.

### History

According to the history, Guru Padmasambhava came to Singye Dzong to subdue the demon King Khikharathoed, who had fled Tibet in the 8th century. He spent three months undertaking accomplishment practices before subduing the demon, and finally blessed the place as "the place of His enlightened activity".

### Climate

Himalayan

## Get in

A three-day walk from the village of Khoma.

## Fees and permits

Special permits are required, but tourists are not allowed to visit the area.

## Get around

on foot

## Eat

All provisions must be carried in. After Khoma, there are no shops. Pack horses to carry the provisions can be arranged locally.

## Sleep

The monastery in the valley itself offers simple accommodation, but it is often full. There is no accommodation during the three day trek, except simple shelters.

### Backcountry
## Stay safe

Watch out for bears.

## Respect

* Circumabulate sacred objects in a clockwise direction.
* Do not burn garbage in the area.
* Very important - do not take photographs inside the temples.
# Miles

Miles is a town of 1900 (2021) in Queensland's Darling Downs region. It sits at the crossroads of two of the state's major road corridors: the Warrego Highway (A2) between Brisbane and Charleville, and Leichhardt Highway between Goondiwindi and Rockhampton.

## Understand
### Visitor information

* -26.6597150.19611 Miles Visitor Information Centre, 141 Murilla St, ☏ +61 7 4627 1492. Daily 8:30AM–4:30PM. (updated Feb 2025)

## Get in
### By car

Miles is 4 hours west of Brisbane and 2.5 hours from Toowoomba via the A2 Warrego Highway. West of Toowoomba it's only an undivided single-lane road, but is well maintained. Most of the road is 100 km/h, but is 110 km/h west of Chinchilla.
From Goondiwindi (NSW/QLD border), Miles is about 2.5 hours north via A5 Leichhardt Hwy, and about 4.5 hours south of Rockhampton.

### By coach (bus)

Greyhound's Brisbane to Mount Isa coach makes a stop to Miles daily, with stops at Toowoomba (wb); Longreach and Charleville (eb).
Miles is also the southern terminus for the Rockhampton–Miles coach.

### By train

Queensland Rail Travel's twice-weekly Westlander makes a stop at Miles. From Roma St (Brisbane), the train arrives on Wednesday and Friday mornings; from Charleville, the train arrives on Thursday and Saturdays.

### By plane

* -26.809167150.1651 Miles Airport (WLE ), Leichhardt Hwy (about 19 km south of town via A5). QantasLink operates flights from Brisbane Airport – they are roughly $250-300 one way. (updated Feb 2025)

## Get around

The core of the town is all walkable on foot; however, much of the town was designed for the car and thus can be somewhat hostile to pedestrians.

## See

* -26.6595150.19641 Miles Historical Village Museum, 141 Murilla St (next to visitor centre), ☏ +61 7 4627 1492, enquiries@mhv.org.au. Daily 8:30AM–4:30PM. An open-air museum featuring many original historical buildings from the 19th and 20th century. Sunset tours available seasonally. $24 (adults), $21 (seniors) and $12 (students). (updated Feb 2025)

## Eat

* -26.6585150.18421 Mace's Hot Bread, 3 Pine St, ☏ +61 7 4627 1592. M–F 4AM–4PM; Sa 4AM–12:30PM (closed Su). (updated Feb 2025)

## Drink

* -26.6588150.18371 The Q Hotel Miles, 31 Murilla St, ☏ +61 7 4627 1152. Pub with some good food options and ample supply of XXXX beer. (updated Feb 2025)
* -26.659150.18422 Windsor Hotel, 39 Murilla St, ☏ +61 7 4627 1159. Check-in: 2PM, check-out: 10AM. Pub + accommodation. (updated Feb 2025)

## Sleep

* -26.6594150.18871 Starline Motor Inn, 97 Murilla St, ☏ +61 7 4627 1322, starlinemotorinn@bigpond.com. Check-in: 2PM, check-out: 10AM. min $128/night. (updated Feb 2025)
* -26.6573150.18082 Swagsman Motor Inn, 1/9 Marian St, ☏ +61 7 4627 2663. Check-in: 2PM, check-out: 10AM. (updated Feb 2025)
* -26.6595150.19113 Western Downs Motor Inn, 119 Murilla St, ☏ +61 7 4627 1211, info@westerndownsmotorinn.com.au. Check-in: 2PM, check-out: 10AM. Has a 24/7 front desk (very convenient if you're coming from afar such as Sydney or Canberra and will be checking in late) and a restaurant on-site (open M–F 5:30–8AM, 5:30–8PM; Sa Su 6–8AM, 5:30–7:30PM). (updated Feb 2025)
# Ningxia

Ningxia (宁夏 Níngxià) is an autonomous region in Northwest China.

## Cities

* 38.485106.2251 Yinchuan - capital of the region
* 36.00801106.278162 Guyuan - has a huge statue of Maitreya Buddha
* 38.02094106.069093 Qingtongxia - home of the 108 Dagobas (pagodas)
* 39.00985106.369444 Shizuishan - Helan Shan and Shahu Lake
* 37.51386105.188385 Zhongwei - trapped between the desert and the Yellow River
* 38.2785106.24876 Yongning - center of Chinese Muslims, Chinese Hui Cultural Park
* Tongxin - one of the oldest mosques, Ming dynasty

## Other destinations

* 38.435035105.9871671 Xixia Wangling National Park - Tombs from the lost Western Xia kingdom

## Understand

Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, established in 1958, is bordered by Inner Mongolia to the north and west, Shaanxi to the east and Gansu to the south. Chinese provinces and regions has an explanation of the term "Autonomous Region".
The region is mostly mountains and plains with little truly fertile land. Chinese Muslims, called the Hui, make up 1/3 of the population of the region.
Around 1000 AD, the Tangut kingdom of Western Xia was centered in Ningxia, and often in conflict with the Song, Liao, and Jin dynasties. In 189 years the throne changed hands ten times. Eventually it was overrun by the Mongols and absorbed into the Chinese empire of its day. Marco Polo visited it at around that time.

### Holidays

In addition to the nationwide public holidays observed throughout China, Ningxia also observes the two Muslim festivals of Eid al-Fitr (开斋节) and Eid al-Adha (古尔邦节) as public holidays.

## Get in

Yinchuan Hedong International Airport (INC)

## See

The Great Wall of China within Ningxia has the following wall sections:
* The Eastern Ningxia Wall - Hongshan Castle and Water Cave Gully (Shui Dong Gou)
* The Northern Ningxia Wall - in the area of Helan Shan
* The Western Ningxia Wall - Zhenbeibu and Sanguankou
* 37.6966105.66581 Badain Jaran Desert. China's third largest desert, mainly in Western Inner Mongolia but also stretching into eastern Gansu and western Ningxia is a natural UNESCO World Heritage Site. (updated Jul 2024)

## Eat

1. Sheng cuan noodles (生汆面)

## Drink

One of the better cups of tea offered in this region is the "eight treasures tea" (八宝茶). It yields (not surprisingly) eight ingredients. Sugar lumps, wolfberries, tea leaves.