# Chugoku

Chūgoku (中国) is the westernmost part of the main Japanese island Honshu. Aside from Hiroshima, most of Chugoku is probably well off the beaten track for a brief visit to Japan; but if time permits, you'll find a region full of memorable sights and experiences, and a side of Japan that's completely unlike the better-known destinations in Kansai and Kanto.

## Regions

* Hiroshima (Hiroshima, Miyajima) Beyond the atomic bomb and the unforgettable Peace Memorial Park, there's also the lovely island of Miyajima, and busy lanes of traffic by sea to Shikoku and the Seto Inland Sea.
* Okayama (Okayama, Kurashiki) The region's easternmost prefecture features a bustling capital in Okayama and a wealth of old, charming merchant quarters.
* Yamaguchi (Shimonoseki, Hagi) Gateway to Kyushu and exchange with South Korea and China, with scenes of major influence on Japanese history.
* Tottori (Tottori, Kurayoshi) Known mainly for the enigmatic sand dunes of its capital city, a popular climbing destination at Mt. Daisen, and a long coastline.
* Shimane (Matsue, Izumo) The second least populous prefecture in Japan also has its second holiest Shinto shrine and one of its few remaining original castles.

## Cities

* 34.38525132.4553061 Hiroshima - site of the infamous atomic bomb attack.
* 34.408111131.3991672 Hagi - beautifully preserved castle town
* 35.367028132.7546673 Izumo - Home to the great Izumo Shrine, the second most holy Shinto Shrine in Japan.
* 34.585083133.7721114 Kurashiki - site of one of Japan's largest and most beautiful historic areas, the Bikan Historic District, as well as the famous Ohara Museum of Art, which is full of famous works from Europe.
* 35.468111133.0485285 Matsue - Famous for Matsue Castle, one of Japan's few remaining original castles
* 34.655111133.9195836 Okayama - featuring Korakuen Garden, one of Japan's Top 3 gardens and the brooding black Okayama Castle.
* 33.957889130.9413337 Shimonoseki - gateway to Kyushu and the Kanmon Straits, best known for turning poisonous fish into gourmet meals.
* 35.494389134.2216118 Tottori - Home to Japan's only sand dunes, the Tottori Sand Dunes provide visitors with a highly unique experience, including camel rides.
* 34.178028131.4737789 Yamaguchi - a city with many well-preserved temples.

## Other destinations

* 34.242222131.2983331 Akiyoshidai - has the largest plateau and cave in Japan.
* 34.745167134.1888332 Bizen - home to Japan's oldest and most respected style of pottery.
* 35.510694133.4960563 Daisen - climbers flock to the beautiful Mount Daisen.
* 34.166583132.2188334 Iwakuni - a town with the picturesque Kintai-kyo Bridge.
* 34.275556132.3077785 Miyajima - Location of Itsukushima Shrine, the most photographed shrine in all of Japan.
* 35.192083132.4993616 Iwami Ginzan - Silver mines, registered as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
* 36.154722133.15257 Oki Islands - An island cluster designated as a geopark, known for its nature and scenic coastal views.
* 34.791028133.6168338 Takahashi - a quaint town most famous for Bitchu Matsuyama Castle.
* 35.069111134.0044729 Tsuyama - a relaxed town famous for the thousands of cherry blossoms around its castle ruins in Kakuzan Park.

## Understand

The name Chugoku literally means "Middle Country", the sole surviving relic of a historical division of Japan into "Near Countries" (近国 Kingoku), "Middle Countries" and "Far Countries" (遠国 Ongoku), based on distance from the capital Kyoto. Strictly speaking, today's Chugoku covers only the Middle Countries along the San'indo and San'yodo roads, and hence Okayama is sometimes not considered a full part of Chugoku, as only 1 of its 3 component provinces (Bitchu Province) belonged to the Middle Country. Bizen and Mimasaka Provinces, along with Tottori's Inaba Province, were part of the Near Countries.
In Japanese, the characters 中国 and the reading Chugoku are also used to mean "China". (The same characters are used in Chinese, but pronounced Zhongguo.) So the Chugoku region is usually referred to with the qualifier "-chihō" (中国地方) or sometimes San'in-San'yo (山陰山陽) to distinguish it from the People's Republic of China. The Republic of China is most usually called Taiwan in Japanese.

### Tourist information site

Greater West Japan section in the Kansai Guide site lightly covers the Chugoku region, as well as Shikoku, showing some sample itineraties.

## Get in
### By plane

Hiroshima, Okayama, and Yonago offer both domestic and international connections with other cities in Asia.
Izumo, Masuda, Yamaguchi, Iwakuni, and Tottori each offer domestic flights.

### By train

The San'yo Shinkansen line links Hiroshima, Okayama and other major towns to Kyushu in the southwest and Kansai, Nagoya, Yokohama and Tokyo to the east. The less populated northern Japan Sea coast is served by Limited Express Trains with connections to Osaka and Kyoto.

### By ferry

* Ferries from Shimonoseki Port International Terminal go abroad. The Kampu ferry goes to Busan in South Korea regularly. The Orient ferry goes to Qingdao and Shanghai in China regularly.

## Get around
### By train

The JR West Sanyo San'in Area Pass allows unlimited travel during 7 days in an area approximatively between Fukuoka (on Kyūshū island) and Kyoto (excluding a patch in the north-east), and to the north-east of Shikoku. It includes bullet trains on the San'yō Shinansen (but not the Tokaidou and Kyushu Shinkansen) and many express and local trains. ¥19000 for adults if bought online or in a foreign travel agency, ¥20000 in JR West station ; half of that for children.

## See
### World Heritage Sites

The Chugoku region is home to four of Japan's UNESCO World Heritage Sites:
* Sites of Japan's Meiji Industrial Revolution (Hagi) - This site contains a variety of sites across the nation. In Hagi the castle town, Ohitayama Tatara Iron Works, Hagi Reverberatory Furnace, Ebisugahana Shipyard, and Shokasonjuku Academy are the designated World Heritage Sites.
* Iwami Ginzan Silver Mine and Its Cultural Landscape (Oda) - Registered as a World Heritage Site in 2007.
* Hiroshima Peace Memorial (Genbaku Dome) (Hiroshima) - Registered as a World Heritage Site in 1996.
* Itsukushima Shrine (Miyajima) - Registered as a World Heritage Site in 1996.

### Castles
#### Original Castles

Only twelve original castles remain in Japan, and the Chugoku region is home to two of them:
* Bitchu Matsuyama Castle (Takahashi) - Japan's highest castle.
* Matsue Castle (Matsue) - One of only four castles designated as National Treasures.

#### Reconstructed Castles

* Okayama Castle, Okayama
* Hiroshima Castle, Hiroshima
* Fukuyama Castle, Fukuyama
* Iwakuni Castle, Iwakuni
* Kawahara Castle, Tottori

#### Castle Ruins

* Tsuyama Castle, Tsuyama
* Tottori Castle, Tottori
* Tsuwano Castle, Tsuwano
* Hagi Castle, Hagi
* Mihara Castle, Mihara
* Shimotsui Castle, Kurashiki (Kojima area)

### Gardens

This is a list of some of the areas most famous gardens however, there are many other beautiful gardens throughout the region:
* Korakuen Garden (Okayama) This is the most famous garden in the Chugoku region, as well as one of the top three gardens in all of Japan.
* RSK Rose Garden (Okayama) A large garden containing a wide variety of roses from all over the world.
* Shurakuen Garden (Tsuyama) A beautiful 17th century garden with no entry fee.
* Miyama English Garden (Tamano) An authentic English garden created by the British man Peter Thurman
* Adachi Museum of Art (Yasugi) Although there is a museum displaying over 1,000 works of art, the highlight of the museum for many is not the museum; it's the garden. Constructed in 1980, the garden is quite new but what it lacks in history it makes up for in size and beauty. This garden has been voted the best garden in Japan by the American Journal of Japanese Gardening.
* Vogel Park (Matsue) One of the largest greenhouses in the world, as well as an aviary.
* Yuushien Garden (Matsue) Built for beauty in every season, including winter when the camellia's bloom.
* Enchoen Chinese Garden (Yurihama) One of the largest Chinese gardens in Japan. Enchoen was first built in China, disassembled, and then rebuilt in Yurihama as a symbol of friendship between Tottori and China's Hebei Province.
* Tulip Fields (Hiezu) A garden full of beautiful red and yellow tulips.
* Shukkeien Garden (Hiroshima) An impressive garden built by Ueda Soko, considered to be one of the greatest masters of the tea ceremony.
* Sesshutei Garden (Yamaguchi) This garden is a reproduction of a scene from one of Sesshu's most famous landscape paintings.
* Chōfu Garden (Shimonoseki) One of the famous gardens in Castle town Chōfu.

### Temples and Shrines

Although temples and shrines can be found in abundance throughout the region, these are some of the most important and most interesting temples and shrines in the Chugoku Region.
* Izumo Shrine (Izumo) The second holiest Shinto shrine (Ise Shrine in Ise being number one) and certainly one of the most impressive in Japan Izumo Shrine is dedicated to the god of marriage and happiness.
* Itsukushima Shrine (Miyajima) As Japan's most photographed shrine, one of the top three views in Japan, and a UNESCO World Heritage Site Itsukushima Shrine is highly valued for its spiritual, cultural, and historical significance and has the credentials to prove it.
* Saijō Inari (Okayama) Considered to be one of Japan's three great Inari shrines, Saijō Inari is sometimes referred to as a temple, because of its interesting combination of Buddhist and Shinto elements.
* Mitokusan Sanbutsuji Nageire-dō (Misasa) A cliff-side temple that none has been able to determine how it was constructed.
* Miho Shrine (Mihonoseki)
* Motonosumi Inari Shrine (Nagato) A shrine known for its attractive torii gates leading down towards the Sea of Japan.
* Rurikō-ji Temple (Yamaguchi)
* Hōfu Tenman-gū (Hofu) One of the Three Great Tenjin Shrines of Japan, it's a popular place to view plum blossoms.
* Kōzan-ji (Shimonoseki) It is a national treasure, founded in 1327.
* Sumiyoshi Shrine (Shimonoseki) It is a national treasure.

### Historic Districts

* Fukiya Furusato Village (Takahashi)
* Bikan Historic District (Kurashiki)
* Hagi Castle Town (Hagi)
* Storehouse District (Kurayoshi)
* Joto Street (Tsuyama)
* Shoukei Street (Takehara)
* Saijo Sakagura Street (Higashihiroshima)

### Museums

There are many great museums in the region, and every prefecture has its own Prefectural Museum and Prefectural Art Museum that are worth visiting, but the following are some of the more unique and famous museums in the region.
* Ohara Museum of Art (Kurashiki) This museum has an impressive collection of Western art that anyone with even minimal knowledge about art should be able to recognize most of the artists. Although the European artwork is the museum's claim to fame, it also houses modern Japanese art and ancient Chinese artifacts in separate buildings of the museum grounds.
* Atomic Bomb Memorial Museum (Hiroshima) As one of only two cities to have ever been hit by an atomic bomb, this museum was built to educate people about the effects of atomic warfare on cities, objects, and of the greatest interest, people. The museums is well-designed and highly educational; a must-see for anyone travelling within the region.
* Denchu Art Museum (Ibara)
* Okayama Orient Museum (Okayama) An interesting little museum filled with artifacts from the ancient cultures of the Middle East.
* Tsuyama Archives of Western Learning (Tsuyama) One of the few museums dedicated to the teaching of Western learning and Japan's earliest interactions with the West.

### Nature

* Seto Inland Sea Visible from Okayama, Hiroshima, and Yamaguchi, the Seto Inland Sea contains many islands and the famous Seto Ohashi Bridge.
* Akiyoshidai Plateau (Akiyoshidai) The largest plateau in Japan
* Akiyoshi Cave (Akiyoshidai) The largest cave in Japan
* Tottori Sand Dunes (Tottori) Japan's famous sand dunes
* Mount Daisen (Daisen) The highest mountain in Western Japan, often referred to as the Fuji of the West.
* Mount Fudekage (Mihara) A popular place to visit in the winter to witness the Sea of Fog over the Seto Inland Sea
* Taishakukyo Gorge (Shobara) A scenic gorge containing Lake Shinyu and Onbashi, one of the largest natural bridges in the world.

## Do

* Chugoku 33 Kannon Temple Pilgrimage (中国三十三観音霊場) A pilgrimage through each prefecture in the region to see historic Kannon temples.
* 88 Temples of Innoshima

### Onsen

The area has a number of famous hot springs. Misasa Onsen in Misasa and Awakura Onsen in Nishiawakura are famous throughout the country for their radium. The Three Onsen of Mimasaka (美作三湯 Mimasaka Santo) are three famous onsen in northern Okayama. They are Yunogo Onsen in Mimasaka, Okutsu Onsen in Kagamino and Yubara Onsen in Maniwa. Yubara Onsen includes the scenic sunayu a famous outdoor onsen below a dam. Yunotsu Onsen in Oda is one of only two onsen in Japan that is designated as a World Heritage Site as a part of Iwami Ginzan. Yunokawa Onsen in Izumo is known as one of the top "Beauty Onsen". Tamatsukuri Onsen in Matsue is a popular onsen in the region with an attractive surrounding area.

### Cycling

The region is home to a number of good cycling areas with convenient rentacycle options. The Shimanami Kaido is arguably the most famous cycling route in the country, and it begins in Onomichi, traveling across a number of islands via bridges until you reach the terminus in Imabari on the island of Shikoku. Another popular cycling route is the Kibiji District cycling route that travels from Okayama to Soja past a number of historic sites.

### Events

The Saidaiji Eyo in Okayama is the largest "Naked Man Festival" in the nation. Tottori is one of the few places with a tradition of nagashibina, special Hina dolls floated down rivers, held every April and its Shan Shan Festival is a unique summer festival featuring dancers with colorful parasols. The Oki Islands host Bull Sumo the first of September. The White Heron Dance, known as Sagimai, has been held in Tsuwano since the 16th century.

## Eat

Famous dishes from the Chugoku region include:
* Hiroshima Okonomiyaki (お好み焼き) - Unlike Osaka's version, Hiroshima-style okonomiyaki is layered rather than mixed together. It usually includes yakisoba noodles and a lot more cabbage. Because the layering is trickier to do, Hiroshima-yaki is more often cooked by chefs. Traditionally, it didn't have mayonnaise (that's an Osaka addition), but today you can top it however you want.
* Izumo soba (出雲そば) - buckwheat noodles that you pour the sauce over. Can be eaten hot or cold.
* Okayama Bara-zushi (岡山ばら寿司) - A colorful mix of seafood that became popular in the Edo Period in Okayama as a way to get around the local daimyo's "one dish on the table" order. The order was meant to force frugality and simplicity, but the local's used the dish as a legal rebellion, creating "one dish" with a lavish variety and gluttonous amount of seafood.
* Hiruzen Yakisoba (蒜山焼そば) - Yakisoba with chicken covered in a sweet miso-based sauce from the Hiruzen Highlands in Maniwa.
* Tsuyama Horumon Udon (津山ホルモンうどん) - A type of yaki-udon from Tsuyama famed for its use of horumon, pig and cow giblets.
* Fugu (ふぐ) - Shimonoseki is known as the capital of fugu (blowfish).

### Fruits

The region has the perfect climate for growing fruit, so the region is naturally famous throughout the nation for its delicious fruits.
* White Peach (Okayama)
* Muscat Grapes (Okayama)
* Peone Grapes (Okayama)
* Pears (Tottori)
* Hanagosho Persimmons (Tottori)
* Lemons (Onomichi)

## Drink

Some of the most famous beverages from the Chugoku region are:
* Daisen Water (Daisen) The water from Mount Daisen has been bottled by Suntory, as well as Coke, and can be purchased throughout Japan in stores and vending machines.
* Jersey Milk (Hiruzen Heights, Maniwa) Milk from the cows raised in Hiruzen Heights, it's said to be quite healthy

### Wine and Sake

* Hire-Sake (Shimonoseki) Sake produced with blowfish (fugu) fins.
* Maboroshi (Takehara) Popular wine from Hiroshima prefecture.
* Shimane Wine (Shimane) Unique for the usage of persimmons and ginseng
* Okayama Sake (Okayama) Famous for both Asahimai and Kibi no hana sake.
* Legend of Yamaguchi (Yamaguchi) The specialty wine of Yamaguchi City.

## Go next

* Shikoku - Japan's oft-ignored fourth island is easily accessed from the southern coast of Chugoku.
* Kyushu - Home to the bustling city of Fukuoka, historical Nagasaki, relaxing Beppu, and a variety of natural sites, such as Aso.
* Kansai - With the ancient capitals of Kyoto and Nara and the large metropolis that is Osaka, this area offers visitors an endless number of cultural and historical sites, along with great shopping and nightlife.