# South Downs

The South Downs is a national park in South East England. The park comprises an area of chalk upland which stretches from Winchester in Hampshire, through West Sussex to Eastbourne in East Sussex.
The energetic can walk the entire length using the South Downs Way. The eastern end finishes at the sea from east of Brighton Marina to Eastbourne. The section of cliffs from Brighton to Seaford is largely built on, although the cliffs west of Newhaven (River Ouse) are noteworthy for being overlaid by Tertiary sand.

## Regions

The South Downs passes through the counties of East Sussex, West Sussex and Hampshire. The downs are more open, bare and rounded east of the River Adur at Shoreham, and more wooded west of the Adur. Into Hampshire, the downs lose the steep north-facing escarpment characteristic of the downs in Sussex. Each part has its own beauty.

## Towns and cities

East to west:
* Eastbourne
* Seaford
* Newhaven
* Lewes
* Brighton
* Steyning
* Worthing
* Arundel
* Chichester
* Petersfield
* Winchester

## Understand
### What is a "down"?

"Down" is a southern English term for low to medium-sized hills. Downland is one of the characteristic landscapes of southern England, and is usually composed of chalk, but can also be sandy. The landscape is generally softly rolling, with many ridges and some steeper escarpments, though the peaks rarely exceed 200 metres in height. Apart from the South Downs, downland can also be found in the Chilterns (Berkshire, Buckinghamshire and Oxfordshire), the North Downs (East Sussex, Hampshire, Kent, Surrey and West Sussex) and the North Wessex Downs (Berkshire, Hampshire and Wiltshire).

### Geology

The South Downs are the remnants of the former Wealden Anticline, which stretched across Sussex, The chalk was laid down between 100 and 65 million years ago, on top of the weaker Greensand and Sandstone which makes up much of the Weald, the beds were then folded from 30 to 1 million years ago, the top of the chalk was then eroded, leaving two nearly parallel ridges, which is why the Downs form a long ridge. They are mirrored in the north by the North Downs.

### History

The Downs have undergoing inhabitation since the Stone Age, with Britain's earliest human remains dating from 500,000 years ago found at Boxgrove. The South Downs are home to some of Britain's earliest mines, numerous camps, barrows, hill forts and figures on the hills. There are remains dating from the Bronze Age to the Second World War; the Battle of Lewes was fought on the Downs and in the Elizabethan times their height was used for beacons (this is preserved within names, such as Firle Beacon).

### Geography

The South Downs extend about 70 miles (100 km) through East Sussex, West Sussex, and part of Hampshire. The South Downs Way is a bridleway that follows the South Downs. The Downs are penetrated by several rivers, such as the Cuckmere (its lower reaches form the famous meanders), the Ouse, the Adur, the Arun (passing through Arundel). The Views from the Downs take in some of the most beautiful countryside in the South East of England.

### Visitor information

* Visit South Downs
* South Downs National Park

## Get in

There are main line trains and long distance coaches to Winchester, Eastbourne, and several places in between. Allow around 60 – 90 minutes from London. Ferries to Newhaven and Portsmouth, and the London airports (especially Gatwick) are handy for overseas visitors. Trains from London stop at these places close to the Downs.
* Winchester (England): mainline services to and from Southampton (South West Trains)
* Petersfield: train services from London (Waterloo) and Portsmouth (South West Trains)
* Amberley (West Sussex) : from London (Victoria) towards Arundel and Littlehampton. (Southern Trains)
* Hassocks: from London (Victoria) towards Brighton and Lewes (Southern Trains and First Capital Connect - From Blackfriars)
* Lewes: from London (Victoria) Towards Lewes and Newhaven (Southern Trains)
* Eastbourne: from London (Victoria) via Lewes or from Ashford. (Southern Trains)
There are also Services that run to the South of the Downs along the South Coast, Linking Portsmouth, Chichester, and Brighton
Cyclists: at some periods of the day and on some operators bikes are not allowed on the trains. also most of the more modern trains only have space for 3-4 bikes, thus large groups may have to book ahead or travel in smaller groups. Southern for example requests that 'limited number' of cycles are carried free on all services except on trains due to arrive into London or Brighton between 7AM and 10AM, or due to depart from London stations or Brighton between 4PM and 7PM on Mondays to Fridays. Reservations for cycles are not required.
Car parks Car parking is normally good, although in towns and villages be expected to have to search and pay for parking spaces. Car parks are usually free from crime, but normal precuations must be taken. Narrow lanes are common, as are steep hills, trying to take a caravan around the South Downs is not recommended.

## Get around

No bus routes run the complete length of the path, although there are coastal and inland routes, the park is serviced by routes passing through it, and has a fairly decent train service. Check out Traveline South East for full transport routes.
If you want to travel by car (advised) the A27 runs parrel to the South Downs, with various roads passing through the area (A23, A284, A24 and more).
A popular way is by foot, bike or horse, there is a route through the park (South Downs Way) which will take you over some of the best scenery in the UK (and you're not really affected by traffic).

## See and do

* Plenty of chalk cliffs the most famous are the Seven Sisters (Country Park) and Beachy Head, west of Eastbourne. Could be combined with the Cuckmere River valley below Alfriston and Cuckmere Haven.
* Beautiful vistas from Firle Beacon, Ditchling Beacon, Devil's Dyke and Telscombe village (not to be confused with the nearby coastal Telscombe Cliffs).
* Quick trip to Brighton, Eastbourne or the historic city of Winchester.
* Take a bus or drive up to Devils Dyke, this V-shaped valley was formed during the last glaciation and offers many folklore stories about its formation.
* Visit the windmills on Clayton Hill. Jill Mill is a fully restored post mill which grinds corn at certain times of year. Volunteer guides will take you up inside the mill and explain the workings. There's a tea shop with home made cakes in the base. Normally open on Sunday afternoons 2-5PM from May to September. The mill is signposted from the A273 near Pyecombe and there's a car park adjacent to it. Other opening times and info at
* The Chattri is the war memorial to the Indian soldiers who fought in the First World War. About a mile south of the South Downs Way near to Pyecombe golf club. Over a million and a half Indian soldiers fought alongside British troops, and many wounded were treated at hospitals in Brighton.
* Cissbury Ring near Worthing is one of Britain's largest and most magnificent Iron Age hill forts. It's over a mile to walk around its ramparts. Extensive views over the Downs and sea as far as the Isle of Wight. Car parks off the A24 at Findon Valley, or walk from the Broadwater area of Worthing.
* 50.943-0.9771 Butser Ancient Farm. An ongoing archaeological experiment to recreate an iron age farming settlement and an adjacent Roman villa. (updated Apr 2017)
* 50.8997-0.3589142 Wiston House. A large house built by Sir Robert Shirley in the 1570s to replace an earlier medieval manor house. The house was much reduced in size by Sir Charles Goring in the 1740s and was remodelled again in the 1840s. The house is not open to the public and it is mainly used for Wilton Park Conferences and other meetings. It is also very popular for wedding receptions
* 50.896261-0.3817693 Chanctonbury Ring. Climb to the top. The ring used to refer to the circular prehistoric earthwork dating from 800 - 600 BC, but now has come to mean the crown of beech trees planted in 1760 by Charles Goring. These trees were decimated by the 1987 storm but have since been replanted. On a clear day you can see the North Downs, the sea and, if it is very clear, the Isle of Wight.

### Devils Dyke

The Devil's Dyke is the largest chalkland dry combe (a big waterless valley) in Britain and home to many associated plants and butterflies. From the summit there are dramatic views north towards the Weald and south over the sea. the area became a popular visiting spot during the 19th century, due to its proximity to Brighton.

#### Get in

* Car parks at Devil’s Dyke and Summer Down Road
* Buses to Devil's Dyke:
** Number 77 service: winter – Sundays and Bank Holidays (except Christmas Day); spring/autumn - weekends and Bank Holidays; summer – everyday
** Number 17 Stagecoach service to Poynings (20 min walk to Devil's Dyke)
** A classic open-top bus runs on Sundays and Bank Holidays. A bus leaflet called 'Breeze up to the Dyke' is available

#### Further information

* Seasonal information officer with mobile trailer from Easter to October (mainly weekends)
* Discover Devil’s Dyke with self-guided family activities (similar to Tracker Packs) £2. Available during summer
* Further information and educational or group bookings from the Head Warden or Education Warden on +44 1273 857712
* the land is owned by the National Trust

#### Go next

* Back Down to Hove, Brighton
* Take a walk up on the Downs, along the South Downs Way

### Itineraries

South Downs Way a long distance bridleway From Eastbourne to Heathfield (in the heart of the Weald) there is the Cuckoo Trail a cycle and walking path along a disused railway line.

## Eat and drink

Most villages have their own pub, each with its own character. You can expect good quality food in many of these and a wide variety of beers (often the local beer, Harveys, brewed in Lewes) and lagers. The nearest pubs to the hills are in villages which means you have to walk down, and then back up. Some of the closest places to the Downs to eat are:
* The Shepherd & Dog, Fulking (near Devil's Dyke)
* The Royal Oak, Poynings
* The Plough, Pyecombe (more a restaurant than a pub)
* The Jack & Jill, Clayton
* The White Horse, Ditchling
* The Half Moon, Plumpton
If you want to try some of the lamb produced on the Downs visit a local butcher or see if it is a special at a pub. You won't be disappointed!
Ditchling Beacon Car Park normally has a couple of ice cream vans floating about.

## Sleep

Accommodation is plentiful; camping sites, barns, hotels, pubs, cottages, YHA Bed and Breakfasts are all available. Consult the city and town articles for specific listings. Often smaller villages will have perhaps a restaurant and a small hotel, but not anything else for a traveller.
Wild camping is legal; however landowner's permission is needed and for now it is difficult to cover the whole route by backpacking. The Sussex section has more opportunities to wild camp than the Hampshire section.

## Stay safe

Although the Downs are far from remote people have died on them, therefore ensure you have good quality footwear and a map. The South Downs Way is as safe as anywhere and much safer than any city – you need have no security concerns about going alone by day, however it is probably best to ensure you are not alone at night, the area is commonly used as a social gathering area for teenagers. The route often has sections with steep sides.
If you are planning some serious activity, especially alone remember the area as a whole is not suitable for people who are frail and due to its nature is not specially surfaced for wheelchairs and so can be rough and/or steep in places.
If you want to take young children on the downs, since it can be very hilly it is probably best to bring a pushchair.
If you are older you’ll need a suitable electric cross-country buggy such as a Tramper.
Contact the Trail Officer for detailed information about the path surfaces, slopes, and useful contacts.
A basic kit should be as follows:
* First aid kit; for any scrapes or falls
* Mobile phone; just for peace of mind, most of the route has reception
* Water; it can get pretty windy up there and especially in summer you can get quite thirsty.
* In the winter warm clothing is recommended.
Take warm clothing, e.g. a jumper or fleece, as even if it's sunny the wind speed can be high up on the downs. In autumn and winter, wind on the top of a down can be a major challenge.

## Go next

The Isle of Wight is a short journey south west of the National Park, and on the way you could visit the cities of Portsmouth or Southampton. You could also always head north to the capital city of London. Or you could head south to Newhaven and catch a ferry to Dieppe in France.