# Campania

Campania is a region of Southern Italy. With 5.8 million citizens, it is Italy's third most populous and the most densely populated.
The region has a rich heritage from Ancient Greek colonies, the Roman Empire and the Renaissance.

## Provinces

Campania is divided into five provinces:
* Metropolitan City of Naples (NA) The incredible region capital, mount Vesuvius, the stunning islands of the Bay, remains of every historic age, excellent cuisine.
* Avellino (AV) Medieval villages and castles, beautiful mountains, renowned DOC wines, natural olive oil, cheeses and "salumi".
* Benevento (BN) Numerous Roman archaeological sites of its capital city, many medieval old towns situated on green hills.
* Caserta (CE) The majestic Royal Palace in Caserta (city), Roman remains, lakes and mountains of Matese Regional Park, beach resorts on the Gulf of Gaeta.
* Salerno (SA) Amalfi coast, ruins of Paestum, Cilento National Park with enchanting coastline and immense forests.

## Cities

* 40.84514.2583331 Naples — Southern Italy's main city, largest historic centre in Europe with dozens of churches and monuments, delicious cuisine and birthplace of pizza
* 40.91666714.7888892 Avellino — remains of the Roman city of Abellinum and an interesting downtown surrounded by green mountains
* 41.13333314.7833333 Benevento — lots of Roman era remains and medieval Lombard age monuments
* 41.06666714.3333334 Caserta — biggest Royal Palace of the world by volume, and a medieval old town
* 40.68333314.7666675 Salerno — vibrant and dynamic city with impressive cathedral and promenade

## Other destinations

* 40.63333314.6027781 Amalfi Coast — stunning stretch of coastline on the Gulf of Salerno, with enchanting towns such as Amalfi, Positano, Praiano, Ravello and others.
* 41.14972215.0841672 Ariano Irpino — upon the panoramic Irpinia hills, endowed with medieval sights, museums, and typical restaurants
* 40.90305615.4313893 Calitri — picturesque town in the heart of Upper Irpinia, known for its characteristic cuisine
* 40.5514.2333334 Capri and 40.73120413.8957215 Ischia — the famed islands in the Bay of Naples
* 40.714.7055566 Cava de' Tirreni
* 40.215.27 Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
* 40.64861114.6388898 Maiori
* 40.61666714.359 Massa Lubrense
* 40.4215.00555610 Paestum — majestic Greek temples of 6th century BC and beach resort
* 40.10565815.22972311 Pisciotta
* 40.7514.48611112 Pompeii and 40.80614.348213 Herculaneum (Ercolano) — Roman archaeological sites
* 40.82305614.12222214 Pozzuoli — lots of Roman archaeological sites in the wonderful area of the Phlegraean Fields
* 40.63333314.415 Sant'Agnello — beautiful village near Sorrento
* 40.93333315.18333316 Sant'Angelo dei Lombardi — medieval small town surrounded by the green hills of Irpinia
* 40.62777814.37361117 Sorrento — wonderful town overlooking the Bay of Naples, famous for its picturesque shops
* 40.82166914.42599318 Vesuvius — world-famous volcano 1.281 metres (4.203 ft) high

## Understand

Campania is famously the region of Mount Vesuvius, an active volcano which towers over the area and has been the source of death, destruction but also preservation and fertile soil for crops and livestock for thousands of years. Pompeii, with its very extensive ruins preserved by ash from an eruption two millennia ago, is probably the most famous location in Campania, with the vibrant, beautiful though sometimes gritty city of Naples a close second, followed by the Isle of Capri, but there are many other places on land and sea to see and discover.

## Talk

The local language, Napuletano, is not mutually intelligible with standard Italian, but most Campanians can speak standard Italian, too, although the local accent is pronounced.

## Get in

There are good train and road networks that connect Campania to all other regions of Italy. If you need to fly in, Naples has an international airport, or you can fly in to Rome's Fiumicino Airport and take a fast train to Naples.

## Get around

Within Campania the public transport has a unified ticket system called Unico Campania. Tickets are organised in zones which means that with one ticket you can travel within one or more zones. The zones radiate out from the centre of Napoli, and allow you to travel within a zone or between zones, with a maximum time limit for the journey. The idea is that you can purchase a single ticket to travel from a zone outside Napoli to the centre, or vice-versa. Included in this system are generally national trains (also to Paestum), the underground in Naples, the Funicolare in Naples, Sita buses along the Amalfi Coast, the Funicolare on Capri, Bus of Ischia the Circumvesuviana that goes also past Pompeii and Herculaneum but not ferries. The advantage is that you can get tickets for different kind of vehicles, and you can buy tickets in advance for areas where it is difficult to find a ticket office such as Paestum, as the tickets start to be valid once you stamped them. You should stamp the tickets each time you change vehicle, but the tickets are only valid for one train, Metro or Funicolare journey. It is possibly also cheaper to buy a bunch of 'one zone' tickets than each time a new one. But careful: some tickets are locally bound (only in Naples, for example). If in doubt, ask when you buy your tickets.

### By train

National train lines go from Naples to Salerno and further east and southwards. The Circumvesuviana is a local private train link serving the area around the Mount Vesuvius from Naples to Sorrento. The service has the appeal of typical metropolitan trains connecting to local suburbs (including the odd graffiti and cut open seat/window). For tourists this train service is particularly interesting because it is the only reasonable public transport link to Pompeii, Herculaneum and Vesuvius. There are several different lines but only the blue line goes to Pompeii, Herculaneum and Vesuvius. Pompeii is in Zone 3 of Campania, and an one way ticket to (and from) "Zone 3" is €2.80. On weekdays all day ticket is €8.40 and on weekends all day ticket is €4.50. You can use this ticket to get to Pompeii and to get back to Naples. When going to visit the ruins of Pompeii, get off the train at the Pompei Scavi stop. It's about a 40-minute ride from Naples. The entrance is approximately 50 m from the station.

### By bus

Buses run generally pretty efficiently, but can become full and a bit uncomfortable. Tickets are part of the Unico Campania system, which must be bought in advance. Once exception is the AliBus, which travels from the airport to the centre of town, where you can buy the tickets on the bus.
Along the Amalfi coastline, buses are the only option, with the exception of ferries. The roads are narrow and winding, but the drivers are exceptionally skilled, only usually being slowed down by the less experienced tour bus drivers.

### By car

The Amalfi-Sorrento-Salerno road is narrow and full of hairpin turns. Cars pass fast and close. Take care.

## See

* The Roman-era archeological sites at Pompeii, Herculaneum and several other places in the area.
* "Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park with the Archeological sites of Paestum and Velia, and the Certosa di Padula" — a cultural and natural UNESCO World Heritage site consisting of a national park, two ancient Greek archaeological sites and a monastery.
* The famous Amalfi Coast.

## Do

The sea is one of the biggest lures to visitors of the Campania region.
The Amalfi coast presents a series of mountainside towns that seem to tumble into the sea. Also, not far from Naples are some of the most beautiful islands in the world: Capri, Ischia and Procida.
Visit two ancient villages called Ariano Irpino and Calitri, located in the heart of Apennines - equidistant from Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas. The area around these medieval towns is sprinkled with castles, aristocratic palaces and delightful locations soaked in history and tradition, ridged with hills and valleys and marked by the ancient trails along which Hannibal and his legions marched when setting off to attack ancient Rome 2,000 years ago. One thousand years later Ariano Irpino was the first Norman county in Southern Italy and there King Roger II summoned the Assizes of Ariano in 1140.

## Eat

Perhaps the Campania product most widely known is mozzarella di bufala, with DOP awarded by the European Union. Due to vast market demand and the scarce number of water buffalo, it is also however a product at risk of a "bufala" (also Italian for scam). To avoid this, each wrapper carries the symbol of the protection consortium to guarantee its authenticity and geographic origin. The origin of the mozzarella – so called from the verb "mozzare" to cut – probably goes back to the 12th century, while the buffalo was already part of the Campanian landscape in the 7th century. The true characteristic of this fresh cheese with a delicate taste is its consistency, which should be firm, slightly elastic and chewy. When cut, the centre of a true mozzarella di bufala 'weeps': an interior still be slightly serous, protected by a thin skin and it should be smooth, but not viscous. It should be preserved in its liquid for no more than 48 hours, preferably not in the refrigerator but in a cool and airy place. As well as the characteristic round form it is produced in braids, knots, nuts and cherries and there is also a smoked version.
Astride green Campanian Apennines, caciocavallo (a type of durable cow's milk mountain cheese) is renowned both in Irpinia and in Samnium, whereas similar caciocchiato is from Ariano Irpino only.
It is not possible to talk about Campania's gastronomy without mentioning pizza, particularly pizza margherita. This palate's delight was born in Naples, and legend has it that it was created in honour of Italian Queen Margaret, though this is not true because the same toppings were used at least decades before Italian unification. Starting as a simple baked product, it became a fanciful, rich, surprising and always appreciated food.
The region also makes delicious pastas and rich pastries.

## Drink

Local Campanian beverages include limoncello and crema di limone, both lemon-based. Limoncello has the highest alcohol content, is very strong in flavor, and is a very bright translucent yellow color. Crema di limone, as the name suggests, is cream-based. It is less strong than limoncello and is an opaque off-white.
Beer is widely available in the cafes and ristoranti in Campania, though wine is more the local drink of choice with a meal, and Campanian wines are famous, delicious and often minerally, due to the terroir of the slopes of Mount Vesuvius. Prices in local groceries for a bottle of wine vary somewhere between EURO 4.50-100+, though they can be higher in particularly high-tourism areas. One local wine of Campania is Lacryma Christi, or "Tears of Christ". This wine is produced on the lower slopes of Mount Vesuvius and is available at many groceries in Campania. For travelers going to the Mount Vesuvius National Park, this wine is available from some of the gift shops at the top at a deeply reduced rate compared with other stores in the area. Terraced land for grape cultivation is frequently visible in countryside of Campania.

## Stay safe

The notorious Camorra is never involved in crimes against tourists; however, be careful in certain areas, such as Naples' suburbs, especially Scampia and Secondigliano. Other big cities (Salerno, Caserta, Benevento and Avellino) are generally safer but Salerno and Caserta's suburbs can be dangerous, especially during the night. Smaller inland towns (within Samnium and Irpinia districts), Southern Campania (the Cilento area), the Sorrento Peninsula, Amalfi Coast and islands are safe, but you have to be careful about the condition of the roads.
Road rules are not always respected, so be careful.
LGBTQ+ people don't have many problems in big cities like Naples, Salerno and Caserta. Public displays of affection between LGBTQ+ couples are best avoided in rural areas (like Cilento), in small-to-medium-sized towns or in inner cities like Avellino and Benevento.

## Go next

Campania is a good base for exploring other regions of southern Italy such as Basilicata, Calabria and Apulia, as well as Sicily. Lazio and the capital, Rome, are also easily accessible to the north.