# Limestone Coast

Limestone Coast is a region in South Australia. It is a tourist region and a wine zone.

## Cities

* -36.0991140.35411 Keith – just another stopover when going from Melbourne to Adelaide
* -37.829444140.7827782 Mount Gambier – cave diving capital of Australia, and South Australia's second largest city, just after Adelaide
* -36.95140.753 Naracoorte – near the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Naracoorte Caves National Park
* -37.15139.754 Robe – not known for robes but rather its coastline

## Other destinations

* -37.7156140.2831 Canunda National Park – where the limestone cliffs of the Limestone Coast are
* -37.036111140.7966672 Naracoorte Caves National Park – UNESCO World Heritage Site home to some of the largest collections of mammalian fossils, most which are not seen anywhere outside Australia or New Guinea

## Understand
### History

From the Victoria border to the Younghusband Peninsula this area has been settled since colonisation by mainly European settlers in the 1840s, displacing an indigenous population that had resided in the region for thousands of years. The region supports farming, viticulture, forestry and tourism. Towns include Bordertown, Keith, Millicent, Mount Gambier, Penola, and Naracoorte and the coastal resorts of Beachport, Kingston SE and Robe.

### Geography

Much of the Limestone Coast is low-lying, and was inundated by sea as recently as 2 million years ago. It had previously also been flooded 15–20 million years ago. The plains are lined by rows of low sandhills parallel to the coast, created at times when the coastline was at that level. Prior to European settlement, much of the land between the sandhills was swamp fed by streams and subject to inundation. A network of drains totalling 1450 km has been constructed to channel the water away through the sandhills to the ocean. Important areas of wetland remain including the lakes and lagoons such as the southern end of the Coorong and Bool Lagoon. Meanwhile, areas of upland in the Limestone Coast include the volcanic craters of Mount Gambier.

### Climate

The Mediterranean climate of this coast is cool and moist with wet winters. Generally the only times where it may be considered as "cold" is during a cold-front which happens quite often in winter.

## Get in
### By car

The primary way to get into the Limestone Coast is by car from the state's capital; Adelaide is via a 4 hour drive South East via the M1 South Eastern Freeway and the A8 Dukes Highway. To get to Mt. Gambier, you'd then have to take the A66 route down south.

### By plane

* -37.745556140.7852781 Mount Gambier Airport (MGB) (about 10 minutes from Mount Gambier). REX is the only airline which flies to Mt Gambier from Adelaide. The tickets vary widely in price from $120 to $270.

### By bus

From Adelaide, bus tickets for Adelaide can be purchased at the Sir Robert Helpmann Theatre (cash or cheque only) to Mount Gambier. The bus service from Adelaide is run by Premier Stateliner. It can be just as easy to make a phone booking with Premier Stateliner. Thursdays and Fridays you can get from Adelaide to Mt Gambier at 8:15AM or 5:30PM. Sundays the bus leaves Adelaide at 2:45PM. Other days the service leaves at 8:15AM. The bus trip takes about six hours.

### By train

From Melbourne, the V-Line service runs Melbourne to Warrnambool on the train, then from Warrnambool to Mt Gambier as a coach service (it also goes via Portland). V-Line services from Mt Gambier are "no reserve", you pay the driver on the day — bring exact change. V-Line services are generally not busy except during school holidays. They run once a day. From Mount Gambier, the coach does go for a little bit around but apart from going to Mount Gambier, there is no other train stations elsewhere.

## See

The Limestone Coast is home to South Australia's one and only UNESCO World Heritage Site, Naracoorte Caves National Park full of mammalian fossils which contain the fossils of enormous extinct Australian megafauna such as the marsupial lion, giant kangaroo as well as, which may sound creepy to some; five-metre-long snakes. This was because over the last couple of million years ago, geological processes brought sand and soil into the caves creating thick sedimentary deposits which preserved the remains of the animal living in and around the caves at the time. Up to 20 species of megafauna are preserved at a remarkable level across multiple caves, which all of these make the site is one of the jewels in Australian paleontology.

## Do

* Cave diving — The part of the region around and including the City of Mount Gambier is famous for its sinkholes and water-filled caves. Extraordinary dives take place in some of these sinkholes but if you intend to do this, make sure you are appropriately trained as this activity has claimed lives in the past. Refer to Diving in South Australia for more information.

## Drink
### Coonawarra

Coonawarra, a rural locality on the is synonymous with Cabernet Sauvignon, full of plum and blackcurrant fruit, so much so that successes with other grape varieties is overlooked. In the early days Shiraz was the most widely planted grape, and it produces some star wines such as Wynns Coonawarra Estate Michael Shiraz (formerly Michael Hermitage). The limestone geology also suits Chardonnay, Riesling, and Sauvignon blanc.
Coonawarra has a membership organisation for wineries, the Coonawarra Vignerons Association. Some of the wineries with cellar doors include Wynns Coonawarra Estate. Other wineries who use fruit from the Coonawarra include Yalumba and Penfolds.
* -37.354976140.8428551 Hollick. Winery with an award-winning restaurant, serving lunch using seasonal ingredients, and with wine pairings available.

## Stay safe

Crime isn't generally a problem in the Limestone Coast, and following the normal protocols for what you would normally be doing elsewhere would just do you fine.
As a relatively homogeneous part of Australia, xenophobia exists in the Limestone Coast, though as a tourist, your chances of encountering overt racism are slim.

## Go next

* Head southeast to the South West Coast of Victoria, or east to the Wimmera region of Victoria
* Head northwest to the Murray & Mallee region of South Australia