# Pioneer Valley

The Pioneer Valley is the region around the Connecticut River valley in Western Massachusetts. It is a very diverse travel destination, featuring urban, college town, and natural areas in close proximity. The Pioneer Valley's largest city is Springfield. The three counties of the Pioneer Valley from north to south are Franklin County, Hampshire County and Hampden County.

## Cities

* 42.366667-72.5166671 Amherst — A famous college town, home to the University of Massachusetts, Amherst College, and Hampshire College. It features the Emily Dickinson house.
* 42.204167-72.6180562 Holyoke — a revitalizing mill city between Springfield and Northampton; home of the International Volleyball Hall of Fame, as the Olympic sport was invented there in 1895. Also features the Mount Tom Range, several Olmsted Brothers designed parks, the Wistariahurst Museum, a unique historical canal system, and the Holyoke Dam.
* 42.325-72.6416673 Northampton — A bohemian college town, artists' colony, and LGBT mecca; home of Smith College.
* 42.112411-72.5474554 Springfield — The economic, cultural capital of Western Massachusetts and the 4th largest city in New England. Basketball was invented there in 1891. Springfield is home to the Basketball Hall of Fame, the Springfield Armory National Park, three universities, Forest Park, and numerous other cultural and entertainment options.

### Franklin county

* 42.627778-72.8702785 Charlemont —
* 42.545-72.6044446 Deerfield —
* 42.6-72.3986117 Erving —
* 42.5875-72.68 Greenfield — The northern hub at the start of the Mohawk Trail.
* 42.535556-72.5355569 Montague — Visit the Montague Bookmill, a grist mill from 1834 now operated as a bookstore and cafe.
* 42.589722-72.68888910 Shelburne — Famous for the Bridge of Flowers and the historic trolley museum.

### Hampshire county

* 42.461667-72.89444411 Cummington —
* 42.266667-72.66944412 Easthampton —
* 42.341667-72.58888913 Hadley — which has no colleges but is geographically between Amherst, Northampton, and South Hadley.
* 42.515278-72.91666714 Plainfield —
* 42.229167-72.73055615 Southampton —
* 42.258333-72.57516 South Hadley — Home to the United States' first women's college, Mount Holyoke College, and Skinner State Park.

### Hampden county

* 42.180556-72.92777817 Blandford —
* 42.122778-72.20138918 Brimfield —
* 42.279167-72.97916719 Chester —
* 42.545-72.60444420 Deerfield — Home of Yankee Candle, Historic Deerfield, and Deerfield Academy.
* 42.066667-72.86194421 Granville - Granville State Forest
* 42.063889-72.41388922 Hampden — This small town on the Scantic River is the home of Thornton Burgess.
* 42.063889-72.15777823 Holland —
* 42.16-72.47638924 Ludlow —

### Greater Springfield

* 42.069444-72.61527825 Agawam — Across the Connecticut River from Springfield, it features Six Flags New England.
* 42.148611-72.60833326 Chicopee —
* 42.05-72.58333327 Longmeadow — an affluent suburb of Springfield.
* 42.125093-72.74953828 Westfield — Gateway to the Hilltowns; largely residential; home to Westfield State College and Stanley Park.
* 42.106944-72.62083329 West Springfield — Across the Connecticut River from Springfield, it features New England's collective state fair, the Big E.

## Understand
### The Connecticut River Valley

The valley is approximately 20 mi (32 km) wide at the Connecticut state line but narrows northward. It holds much of New England's best farmland and thus was settled early in New England's colonial history. The farms have been encroached on by urban and suburban development, but many remain. The Connecticut River Valley is mostly urban in the Knowledge Corridor region surrounding the cities of Springfield and Hartford (the two of which lie only 24 mi (39 km) apart.) The northern end of the Knowledge Corridor by Northampton and Amherst is a mix of urban and rural, featuring several prominent college towns. The northernmost section of Massachusetts' valley is rural, with many opportunities for outdoor activities.
The Connecticut River Valley's fine farmland and abundant water-power made the it Industrial Revolution's version of "Silicon Valley." Many industrial innovations took place at the Springfield Armory, including the discovery of interchangeable parts. America's first gasoline-powered car, motorcycle, and fire engine were all produced in Springfield. Holyoke became America's center of the paper industry. Industrialization encouraged growth of a string of cities from Northampton in the north to New Haven, Connecticut, in the south. From the early 1800s until the 1960s, the Connecticut River Valley was one of the most prosperous regions in the United States. Today this region is known as the Knowledge Corridor because of its numerous, prestigious universities and colleges.
The Connecticut River Valley remains one of the United States' major centers of higher education. Several of the United States' most prominent universities and colleges are located in the valley, including Amherst College, Smith College, and Mount Holyoke College. Mount Holyoke College was the first women's college founded in the United States. There are 14 colleges and universities in the 20 mi (32 km) from Springfield to Amherst.

### The Hill Towns

A somewhat distinct and very rural subregion is the Hill Towns (or "Hilltowns"). This is the western part of the three counties, beyond the Connecticut River Valley. Higher elevation, later settlement, limited agricultural potential and cultural differences give the hill towns a character similar to rural Vermont. Further west the hill towns merge seamlessly into the Berkshires, although tourism and second home development spreading out from the New York City metropolis have impacted the hill towns less than Berkshire County.

### Eastern Uplands

Before the 20th century, highlands east of the Connecticut River developed along the same trajectory as the hilltowns to the west; however development of Quabbin Reservoir during the 1930s created a large depopulated area in the northern 2/3 of this subregion. To the south, there has been modest population growth and development along the Massachusetts Turnpike and U.S. Route 20.

### Five College area

While the southern part of the Pioneer Valley is dominated by Springfield and Holyoke, the Five College Area is its own enclave with its own issues, problems ("UMass Students are rioting again"), and concerns ("How do we deal with the student housing shortage?")

## Get in
### By car

North/south Interstate 91 connects the Pioneer Valley from Connecticut and Vermont. From Boston, and all points east, take the Massachusetts Turnpike$^{[deadlink]}$ (Interstate 90) west to I-91 North. From Albany (New York), take the Massachusetts Turnpike east to I-91 North. U.S. Interstate 91 has exits to South Hadley and Northampton. From Northampton, you can talk Massachusetts Route 9 to Amherst via Hadley. Driving time to the Pioneer Valley from Boston is approximately 2 hours; from New York City, it is approximately 3½ hours.

### By plane

The closest major international airport serving the Pioneer Valley area is Bradley International Airport$^{[deadlink]}$ (BDL) in Windsor Locks, Connecticut - 12 mi (19 km) south of Springfield (and equidistant to Springfield's Knowledge Corridor sister city, Hartford, Connecticut.)

### By train

Rail service via Amtrak is available to Springfield as well as Amherst via the Vermonter. It is accessible by Amtrak's regional service, the Vermonter from the north and south, and the Lake Shore Limited from the east and west. Springfield has become an intercity commuter rail hub for the north and south, with the completion of the Springfield-New Haven high-speed intercity rail line from the south, and Amtrak's re-tooled Vermonter line, re-routed via the old Montrealer line in the Pioneer Valley following the Connecticut River. The Vermonter makes intercity stops in Springfield, Chicopee, Holyoke, Northampton, South Deerfield, Greenfield, and Brattleboro, Vermont.
Springfield is also served east–west by Amtrak's "Lake Shore Limited" from Chicago to Boston and vice versa.

### By bus

Peter Pan Bus is headquartered in Springfield, and is one of the East Coast's major bus carriers. Greyhound/Peter Pan bus service is available to Springfield and many other Pioneer Valley cities.

## Get around

The Pioneer Valley Transit Authority (PVTA) is the region's reliable and extensive public transport system. Its service extends from Springfield in the south to Amherst, 20 mi (32 km) north of Springfield. Fares are $1.35, with a free "transfer" if one uses another PVTA vehicle within an hour of purchasing the original pass. On weekends, buses do not run all routes. Although the system is extensive for such a decentralized area, buses are somewhat infrequent and not all route run nights and weekends, especially outside of the school year (September - May).

## See

* The Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield.
* The Springfield Armory National Park in Springfield
* The leaves in Autumn - particularly concentrations of maples around old farmsteads where 'sugar bushes' were maintained for sugaring and on relatively moist upland sites. Oaks -- predominating on dryer, rockier sites -- are less spectacular.
* Prestigious universities and liberal arts colleges - in Amherst, Northampton, Springfield, and throughout the Pioneer Valley.
* The Quadrangle in Springfield - 5 excellent museums, featuring the Dr. Seuss National Memorial Sculpture Garden and the United States' first planetarium.
* The Emily Dickinson House in Amherst - America's most famous female poet lived her entire life in this beautiful house. Excellent tour.
* Forest Park in Springfield - a 735 acres (297 hectares) urban park designed by Frederick Law Olmsted (of NYC's Central Park Fame,) features a sizable zoo, America's first public pool, and Bright Nights - a nationally known holiday light show that stretches for 2 mi (3.2 km) throughout the park.
* Downtown Northampton - Northampton is the bohemian center of the Pioneer Valley, (which is saying something because much of it is artsy). Northampton's downtown features many restaurants, coffee shops, art galleries, music venues, quirky shops, and street performers. It's people-watching heaven!
* Look Park, Northampton mass.

## Do

* Six Flags New England in Agawam - 1 mile across the Connecticut River from Springfield, across the South End Bridge, New England's largest amusement park features 10 roller-coasters; among them is the Bizarro, rated the #1 or #2 roller-coaster in the world from 2003–present. Open mid-April to early-November.
* The Big E in West Springfield - 1 mile across the Memorial Bridge from Springfield, the Big E (aka the Eastern States Exposition) is the New England States' collective State Fair. It features rides, animals, and performers of all sorts. The 6th largest carnival in America, it runs from roughly September 15-October 1 each year.
* Downhill Skiing
* Crosscountry Skiing
* Whitewater Boating
* Powerboating
* Hiking
* Fishing
* Motorcycle

## Eat

* Maple Sugar
* Northampton and Springfield offer a wide variety of ethnic cuisine, including Italian, Polish, Puerto Rican, Chinese, Japanese, Russian, Hungarian, Indian, Mexican, Argentinian, and Tibetan cuisines.
* Local Produce from Farmer's Markets in Springfield and Northampton
* Vegetarian, especially in Northampton, Amherst, and Springfield

## Drink

* Microbrews
* Brewpubs
* Specialty wines (blueberry, etc.)

## Stay safe

In general, the Pioneer Valley is a very safe and accepting travel destination featuring an eclectic mix of urban, college town, and suburban settings - all of them relatively safe.
Springfield, the Pioneer Valley's largest city, in 2000 ranked as high as 18th in the annual U.S. "City Crime Rankings". After, there was a steep and steady decline in its crime, falling to 51st in the U.S. "City Crime Rankings" in 2010. Springfield is safe during the day, and nearly all of its well-travelled areas are safe and night - for example, the city's entertainment district and the area around the Basketball Hall of Fame are safe at all times. The neighborhoods where 80% of Springfield's crimes occur - Six Corners, Liberty Heights - are well off-the-beaten-path for visitors. That said, to be safe at night in Springfield, bring a partner with you.
The area around Six Flags New England across Springfield's South End Bridge in Agawam is safe day and night, as is the area around The Big E across Springfield's Memorial Bridge in West Springfield.
As of 2011, the City of Holyoke continues to make major strides in revitalizing. Holyoke is safe during the day; however, at night, if you intend on spending time downtown, stick to the commercial and entertainment blocks around High Street. The areas down the hill from High Street, South Holyoke and The Flats, remain dangerous. To be safe at night in Holyoke, bring a partner with you and stick to well-lit areas.
The City of Northampton is completely safe day and night, as is the college town of Amherst.
In general, the Pioneer Valley is very liberal socially and politically, and thus makes for a very accepting destination for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) travelers. This is especially true in the LGBT mecca of Northampton, and in Springfield's entertainment district, which features many establishments catering to LGBT consumers.
The following activities can pose safety risks in the Pioneer Valley:
* Winter driving
* Driving among aggressive, careless, and drunk drivers
* Driving on bad roads - due to pot holes
* deer, and occasionally moose in roads
* walking in the woods - it is easy to get lost
* swimming in the Connecticut River - in many places, the river's pull is too strong for swimming.