# Bruce Peninsula National Park

Bruce Peninsula National Park is a national park in Ontario, Canada. The park offers opportunities for many outdoor activities, including hiking, camping, and bird watching. The park has trails ranging in difficulty from easy to expert, and connects to the Bruce Trail. Bruce Peninsula National Park is known for its crystal clear blue waters, cobblestone beaches, rocky cliffs and karst formations.

## Understand

Near Tobermory, the park covers 154 km$^2$ (59 sq mi), a little smaller than Liechtenstein. It was established in 1987.
The park is one of the largest protected areas in southern Ontario, forming the core of UNESCO's Niagara Escarpment World Biosphere Reserve.

### Geology

The Niagara Escarpment runs from Rochester (New York), to Tobermory, then on to Manitoulin, St. Joseph Island and other islands located in northern Lake Huron where it turns westwards into the Upper Peninsula of northern Michigan, south of Sault Ste. Marie. The escarpment then extends southwards into Wisconsin following the Door Peninsula and then more inland from the western coast of Lake Michigan and Milwaukee ending northwest of Chicago near the Wisconsin-Illinois border. It forms the backbone of the Bruce Peninsula and shapes the northern boundary of most of the park and provides the park with some of its most spectacular scenery.
The rock of the escarpment is very old. Approximately 400 million years ago, this area was covered by a shallow tropical sea teeming with life in the form of plant-like animals, crustaceans, living corals and mollusks. It would have looked much like the present-day Great Barrier Reef of Australia. When the sea began to dry up, the minerals dissolved in it became more and more concentrated. Magnesium in the water was absorbed into the limestone, which then became a harder, slightly different sort of rock, called dolostone.
The harder dolostone forms much of the rock of the escarpment cliffs along Bruce Peninsula National Park's Georgian Bay shoreline. At Niagara Falls, the dolostone "caprock" is more resistant to erosion than the rock below it, creating the sculptured cliffs for which the area is famous. Since the last Ice Age, water levels in the region have undergone great changes. Softer limestone has been eroded away by water action, leaving magnificent overhanging cliffs at various points along the shore. These are the big attraction of the Cyprus Lake trails. Where erosion has cut more deeply, caves have been formed, such as the famed "Grotto" on the shore between the Marr Lake and Georgian Bay Trails. Great blocks of dolomite, undercut by wave action, have tumbled from the cliffs above and can be clearly seen below the surface of the deep, clean waters of Georgian Bay.

### Flora and fauna

Animals that inhabit this national park are chipmunks, squirrels, red foxes, raccoons, coyotes, black bears, porcupines, snowshoe hares, skunks, white-tailed deer, snakes and frogs.

### Climate

The park has a maritime climate with cool summers and mild winters. In the northern parts of the Peninsula, the climate is among the most temperate in Canada. The climate of park is influenced by Georgian Bay and Lake Huron, which significantly moderate temperatures. As a result, they tend to prolong milder temperatures in the fall and cooler temperatures in spring. Summers are warm, with an average temperature of 16.8 °C (62.2 °F) while winters are cool, averaging −6.7 °C (19.9 °F). Summers are dominated by hot, humid air masses from the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of Mexico. In winter, Pacific air masses predominate, bringing in warm and humid air although cold, dry air from the Arctic highs can occur, bringing in colder and drier conditions. Warm air masses coming from the Gulf of Mexico are rare during winter but are responsible for bringing January and February thaws. Spring and fall are characterized by complex weather patterns with contrasting and rapidly changing influences from the different regional air masses. The park receives 900 mm (35 in) of precipitation per year. This is evenly distributed throughout the year with fall (September–November) being the wettest. Precipitation is slightly lower than inland areas due to the limited influence that the narrow peninsula has when air masses travel over it compared to more interior locations.

### Visitor information

* Park website
A visitors' centre serves Fathom Five National Marine Park and the Bruce Peninsula National Park. It features an information centre, reception area, exhibit hall and theatre. A 20-metre viewing tower provides visitors with aerial views of the surrounding park and Georgian Bay.
* 45.25704-81.657231 Parks Canada Visitor Centre, Chi sin tib dek Rd (Tobermory), ☏ +1 519-596-2233, toll-free: +1-888-773-8888, bruce-fathomfive@pc.gc.ca. 9AM-5PM daily. (updated Nov 2023)
* Park office, ☏ +1 519-596-2233, toll-free: +1-888-773-8888, bruce-fathomfive@pc.gc.ca.

## Get in

The park is accessible from the south along Highway 6, or from the north via Owen Sound Transportation Company's ferry, the MS Chi-Cheemaun, which operates during the spring, summer and fall.

## Fees and permits

Daily (2024):
* Adult $9.00
* Senior $7.75
* Youth and children free
* Family/group $17.50
Seasonal passes are available for less than the cost of 5 day passes.
Parking
* per vehicle $15.75
Parks Canada Passes
The Discovery Pass provides unlimited admission for a full year at over 80 Parks Canada places that charge a daily entrance fee. It provides faster entry and is valid for 12 months from date of purchase. Prices for 2024 (taxes included):
* Family/group (up to 7 people in a vehicle): $151.25
* Children and youth (0-17): free
* Adult (18-64): $75.25
* Senior (65+): $64.50
The Cultural Access Pass: people who have received their Canadian citizenship in the past year can qualify for free entry to some sites.

## See

* Bruce Peninsula National Park also offers visitors vistas to view either the sunrise or sunset, the rocks of the Niagara Escarpment, and the wildlife, which includes black bear, many species of birds, wild orchids, and Massasauga Rattlesnake.
* The visitors' centre in the town of Tobermory can help provide timely and important information; May-Jun and Sep-Oct: daily 9AM-5PM; Jul-Aug: daily 8AM-8PM. The centre features:
** exhibits for all ages including the "Fathom Five 3D" exhibit.
** An accessible 100-seat theatre with hourly presentations of the park's feature film, Life on the Edge.
** A 65 ft (20 m) lookout tower and nearby trails providing water access and views of Georgian Bay.
** Interpretive programs for all ages and special events throughout the summer season.

## Do

The park has trails ranging in difficulty from easy to expert, and connects to the Bruce Trail. activities
* Animal and bird watching
* Mountain climbing
* Hiking
* Snowshoeing
* Swimming
* Camping
* Cross country skiing
* Fishing
* Interpretive trail
* Motorboating
* Picnicking
* Beaches
* Canoeing
* Cycling
* Geocaching
* Kayaking
* Mountain biking
* Paddling
* Scuba diving

## Sleep
### Lodging

45.22772-81.532891 Yurt camping at Cyprus Lake is very popular: reservations are required for the 10 yurts available along the shore of Cyprus Lake.
Reservations can be made on-line at https://reservation.pc.gc.ca/ or by calling +1-877-RESERVE (☏ +1-877-737-3783) (or from outside North America ☏ +1-519-826-5391).
The yurts are 6 m (20 ft) in diameter and are furnished with a woodstove, beds, large deck and propane BBQ. Each yurt has a locking door.
Fees (2023):
* Per night $125 (two night minimum)
* plus admission (Adults $8.50) and reservation fees $11.50

### Camping

232 campsites for tent, trailer, and RV camping Camping are available throughout the year at the Tamarack area of 45.22555-81.524792 Cyprus Lake Campground.
Potable water is not available. Bring your own water, or purifying system. Or you can boil your water before use. Do not bring your own firewood. Wood is available at Cyprus Lake Campground only.
Fires are only allowed in designated fire pits in the Cyprus Lake Campground. Fires are not allowed in other areas, including the High Dump and Stormhaven backcountry campsites.
Toilet facilities are pit privies. There are no flush toilets or running water in any of the campgrounds during winter. Please pack out all garbage.
Frontcountry Fees (2023):
* One night unserviced with washroom building $29.25
* Additional vehicle, per night $12.50
* Winter camping, per site (November 1 to April 30) $23
* Online reservation fee $11.50

### Backcountry

Backcountry camping is permitted at 45.23909-81.499243 Stormhaven and 45.23349-81.406964 High Dump, overlooking Georgian Bay and along the Bruce Trail. Fires are not permitted.
Backcountry fees:
* Per night, per person $13.50 (2024), plus admission

## Stay safe

* Weather Radio at 90.7FM provides daily weather updates.

## Go next

* Fathom Five National Marine Park — Tobermory's marine park is a popular spot for scuba diving, snorkling, and boating. Flowerpot Island offers scenic hiking combined with guided boat tours, as well as a handful of uniquely isolated back country camping sites.
* Killarney — on the northern shore of Georgian Bay, surrounded by rugged wilderness. Killarney Provincial Park is a year-round destination for back country and car camping, hiking, and canoeing. The Chi-Cheemaun ferry provides a shortcut from Tobermory via Manitoulin Island.