# Brest (Belarus)

Brest (Belarusian: Брэст; Russian: Брест) is a border town in the south-west corner of Belarus, near Terespol in Poland. Brest is a city closely linked to the history of Central and Eastern Europe and the ever-changing borders. One aspect of the city that shows this is its architecture, with parts of Brest quite Polish in character. However the eastern links are also strong, with beautiful orthodox churches and some prime examples of Soviet building styles.

## Understand

Brest is a city with a long and complex history, and at different times it has been part of different countries and linked to different cultures. First mentioned in 11th century chronicles, Brest was a city in the eastern part of Kievan Rus. Later it became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and eventually in the 16th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. When, in the late 18th century, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was partitioned between Prussia, Russia and Austria at the end of the 18th century, Brest became part of Russia on the newly created eastern border with Austria. After the First World War Poland was re-established as a country and gained control of Brest and of most of today's western Belarus. In 1939 this area was again annexed, this time by the Soviet Union, and became part of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic. With the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Brest became a city in the modern Belarus.
The city has been invaded many times and often laid to waste. In the 13th century it was the Mongols, in the 14th the Teutonic Knights. The khan of Crimea burned it down in the 15th century and in the 17th and 18th centuries it was invaded by Swedish armies. In the middle of the 19th century the town was completely demolished in order to make place for the new Brest fortress. The new Brest was built 2 km eastwards. It did not last long, because in 1915 the retreating Russian army burned the town to the ground and took the population to the east. Then the Germans marched in. It was also here that the new Bolshevik government signed the Treat of Brest-Litovsk with the Central Powers in 1918, thus taking Russia out of World War I, but having to pay reparations and cede territory to the Central Powers in exchange. After the war the city was rebuilt, many parts of the city centre by Jews.
In September 1939 the Germans marched in again, just to hand the town and fortress over to the Soviets a few days later. In 1941 the Germans understood that they better had taken Brest and the fortress for themselves, they marched in again, this time with heavy losses, fighting went on for several days (not for a month as later was stated by Soviet propaganda). Brest escaped the fate of Minsk which was laid to waste in the Second World War, but the entire Jewish population (about 44%) was killed (see Holocaust remembrance). This loss of human lives was one of the greatest catastrophes in the city's history, but there hardly is any public commemoration of this. On ul. Kujbysheva there is a small monument to the killed Jews, and that's it. The main synagogue on ul. Sovetskaya was converted into a cinema (cinema "Belarus'") and until now was not returned to the Jewish community.
If you are interested in getting to know something about the Jewish history of Brest you won't find anything in the state museums. The Soviet ban of the topic is lifted, but still the topic is omitted. The only small exhibition about Jews in Brest and the Shoah is organised by a Jewish NGO (see below). A totally innovative project to spread information on the topic is the audio performance "Brest Stories Guide" by the theatre "Kryly Khalopa" (see below), but it is in Russian only, so far.

## Get in

* Note: Note: as of 2023, due to the Russia-Ukraine war, all passenger train service across the Poland-Belarus border has been suspended. Cross-border buses between Brest and Warsaw or Terespol are still operating.
* (Information last updated 12 Sep 2023)
Train, car, bus connections are with the local town on the Polish side, Terespol. Poland observes daylight saving time and Belarus doesn't, meaning there's a time difference of either one or two hours depending on the time of year.

### Formalities

Western parts of Brest oblast form the so-called “Brest tourist region” foreigners from EU and some other western countries can visit without a visa for up to 15 days. Instead of a visa a tourist voucher for about €12 is needed. These can be obtained online from travel agencies like “Grodno Visa Free” or “Belarus visa free”. For stays longer than five workdays (Saturday is a workday!) a registration at the migration office is needed. If you stay in a hotel, registration formalities will be done by the hotel. Individual travellers must either go to the OVIR, queue, fill in forms and so on, or do it online on the site of the Ministry for Internal Affairs$^{[deadlink]}$. Health insurance is needed, but not necessarily from a Belarusian company. Registration is free of charge.

### By plane

* 52.10833323.8980561 Brest Airport (BQT ). A seasonal connection from Kaliningrad is provided by Belavia. A better option is to fly to Minsk or Warsaw and then take a connecting train.

### By train

Situated at the border between European Union and the CIS countries, Brest is a great place for train travel. The train from Warsaw by Polish Railways (PKP) runs once a day and costs 150 zł. Alternatively, you can take a connection to Terespol on the other side of the border from Brest for 40-60 zł, and then take the very cheap (10 Belarus rubles via BŽD$^{[deadlink]}$ website) commuter train across the border which runs twice a day (leaving Terespol at 10:26 and 21:05, February 2019). Check the Belarusian Railway website, as the PKP one may not show the local trains leaving from Terespol.
Watch out when connecting to the Terespol-Brest commuter train. Leave enough time to pass customs at the station and board the train, since it closes at least 15 minutes before departure (the platform will be closed).
Connections with other cities in Belarus by BŽD$^{[deadlink]}$ are plenty, to Minsk there are up to 20 per day (taking on average 3 hr 40 min to 4 hr), and costing less than 10 rubles. Most other trains connecting Europe and Russia also call at Brest.
Brest is also the starting point for several east-bound long-distance trains, services to Kyiv, Moscow and Saint Petersburg are daily while others such as Astana, Irkutsk and Volgograd departs 3-4 times a week. A connection to the Arctic capital of Murmansk departs 1-2 times a week. In the other direction there are several trains heading to Sochi and other vacation hotspots along the Black Sea coast. Most of these connections are operated by Russian Railways.
When leaving Belarus, be aware that customs control at station is not very obvious. About an hour or so before the train leaves, people will be waiting at a railing next to some glass walls which look they open up to some rather bland and unused empty room. They look a bit like people waiting for arrivals at an airport, except that it's not obvious who they are waiting for. In fact, they are waiting for the customs office to open. If leaving Belarus, join the queue a good deal of time before your train leaves. By arriving 10–15 minutes before the train leaves, chances are good that the train will leave without you, not because the queue is too long, but just because the rules are strict.
As of 2018, there is no such control for trains leaving to Poland. Just board the train a few minutes before its departure.

### By car

See Belarus. There are six control lines of various sorts at the crossing. Allow something like 2 hours to get through them all.
If you are already in Terespol and need to cross over to Brest, you can walk over to the border crossing and "hitchhike" across with one of the cars that is already towards front of the line. They might be happy to take you across as they can "assign" some goods as belonging to you for the purposes of customs. Just go along with the arrangement. Alternatively, they might ask for a modest payment of US$5 or so.

### By bus

The new (2019) Brest Bus station (Avtovokzal) is next to the railway station. Domestic and international buses stop here. Mostly the bus tickets are cheaper than railway tickets. The journey from Warszawa Zachodnia (Warsaw West-Station) to Brest takes some four to five hours (one way about €17).

## Get around

Transport within Brest city is very regular, with many different bus routes through the city, and also regular trolley-buses through the city. Taxis are also easy to order and "marshrutkas" also operate throughout the city. The main attractions are all within walking distance.

## See

* 52.08333323.6527781 Brest Fortress. A complex of massive fortification built in mid-19th century by the Russian Empire. In November 1918 the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed here. In June 1941 there were some days of heavy fighting between the German Wehrmacht and the Red Army with thousands of Soviet soldiers ending up as prisoners of war (POWs) and some 2,000 more killed. After the war the incident was made up as the "heroic defence of the Brest fortress" that lasted for more than one month with everybody fighting to their death. In 1965 the fortress was awarded with the title "Hero Fortress" and a huge propaganda complex was erected. Worth seeing! The fee for the core of the complex, the Museum of the Heroic Defense of the Brest Fortress (where you will see and hear only the official story, no POWs, no Holocaust; just armed heroes) is about US$1. Walking the grounds of this great fortification is a moving experience that gives a good sense of the privations faced by the forces that were besieged there. The territory of the fortress is where the ancient city of Brest was born, in the archaeological museum Berestye one can see results of research on the spot. The old town was destroyed when the fortress was built. The history of Brest Fortress is complicated, as you can see, and worth learning.
* 52.0908323.694722 Cinema Belarus' (former main synagogue of Brest) (On ul. Sovetskaya). The former main synagogue of Brest on ul. Sovetskaya, now the cinema "Belarus'". From the outside one still can see the octagon of the original lay out of the building. An attentive visitor will notice several features of the old sacral building in the inside. In the cellar (toilets), the old thick foundation walls are visible. In 2018 a commemorative plaque was put up left of the main entrance. (updated Jul 2018)
* Naberezhnaya (Riverfront), Naberezhnaya st (riverfront between TSUM and pr Shevchenko). This is a beautiful place, especially late summer - autumn. The riverfront has a lot of willow trees and there are a lot of ducks swimming in the river. There are some chairs under the willow trees sitting on which is very relaxing.
* Gogolya st, ulica Gogolya (between Cosmonavtov blvd and Naganova st). This is nice alley with two lines of old chestnut trees on both sides. Gives you nice quiet walk in summer and fall. Some restaurants are located on this street.
* Brest City Park for a pleasant walk on a summer afternoon. Beware of millions of mosquitoes descending in the evening.
* 52.1004323.680533 Brest train station (north of the city center). A very beautiful train station, both from outside and from inside. (updated Jul 2018)

### Museums

* A Jewish NGO has organised a small exhibition on the history of the Brest Jews and the Shoah in Brest. It is not very professional, but still, the only place in Brest where you can learn something about these people who once formed nearly half of the city's population. The exhibition is located on ul. Gogolya 32, one has to enter through the yard, turn left and go down into the cellar. The exhibition is closed on Saturdays, one can agree a visit in advance via mobile: +375 296513859.
* 52.08555623.6719444 Outdoor Railway Museum, ul. Masherova 2 (right before you get to Fortress of Brest.). An incredible collection of impressive locomotives from the Soviet era. While there is not much effort in the presentation (they are all displayed one after the other), the variety of the locomotives and carriages is impressive. Some can even be visited. The museum is located between fortress and town. 2.65 rubles for adults (and cheaper for children and students). (updated Nov 2023)
* Brest Homeland Museum, ul. Karla Marksa 60. It has a permanent exhibition worth seeing. It covers the period from ancient times to mid-20th century and a charming exhibition on nature with some amazing exhibits.
* Berestye Archeological Museum, Brest Fortress. An archaeological site displaying an authentic East Slavic wooden town dating back to the 13th century. The museum was built over the excavation site of ancient Berestye in the early 1980s and modernized in 2019. (updated Nov 2023)
* Museum of Rescued Art Treasures, ul. Lenina 39, ☏ + 375 162 20 41 95. 10:00-18:00 except Mondays. This museum is ... a total mess and definitely worth a visit: the only connection between the exhibits is the fact that they were confiscated by the Brest border customs service. It was illegal to bring them over the border and not possible to trace back their original owners – so they ended up in this very original museum.
* State Archive of the Brest Oblast (GABO), ul. Khoruzhej 15. The State Archive of the Brest Oblast offers opportunities for historical research.

### Monuments

* Lenin monument on the Lenin Square. The great revolutionary points with his outstretched hand where to go to: the Catholic church opposite.
* Monument to the Atomic missile troops - perhaps one of the rare occasions to see the image of an atomic mushroom cloud in what was intended as a positive context! Opposite the garrison cemetery on the ul. Geroev oborony Brestskoj kreposti.
* The 1,000 years of Brest monument on the ul. Sovetskaya was erected to celebrate Brest's 990th anniversary (don't look for logic). It shows scenes and characters from the long history of Brest, omitting the fact that for a long period of time Brest was mainly a Jewish town.

## Do

* Until the Shoah Brest was a mainly Jewish town. With the audio performance Brest Stories Guide by the theatre "Kryly Khalopa" you can explore the city space and learn about the local history of anti-Semitism and the Shoah. A free app for smartphones and tablet computers contains a map with routes and audio files. The Brest Stories Guide is not an audio-guide, but a completely new and innovative approach to history, a theatre piece in public space, where the city itself turns into scenery.
* Prastora Kryly Khalopa (KX, KKh, Пространство КХ) in ul. Khalturina 2/1 is an independent theatre as well as room for exhibitions and other events. Theatre workshops, lectures, seminars, yoga and language meetings, a film club and other events regularly take place here. In front of the door one can find a Bookcrossing Zone. In Belarus’ (and not only) "KKh" is a unique place and a real enrichment of Brest cultural life. Quite a lot of Belarusian and international awards won by it and its activists witness about it's high quality. Most activists in "KKh" speak English. It's not too easy to find the place, since the entrance is located in a small street eastwards to the “main” ulitsa Khalturina you'd find in the town maps. (phone: +37 5298231916, +37 5295251652)
* Walk on ul. Sovetskaya, Brest's Broadway, with all shops and restaurants.
* Go ice-skating in the Ice Palace on the intersection of Ul. Moskovskaya and Ul. 28 Iyulya.
* There are several swimming pools: A smaller one (25 m, €2 per hour; "sessions" start at every full hour) near "Grebnoj kanal" (Kavalyovka) with good water quality and a bigger one (50 m, more chlorine in the water) at the sports palace on the eastern part of pr. Masherova. Flip-flops and bathing cap required!
* Football: Dinamo Brest and Rukh Brest both play soccer in the Premier League, the top tier in Belarus. The playing season is March-Nov.

## Learn

Brest is home to two Universities:
* A.S.Pushkin State University
* State Technical University - offers 3–12 months Russian language courses

## Buy

There are many shops and boutiques on Sovetskaya street, which sell all kinds of products from fishing gear to real designer wear. Smaller shops are dotted around the town centre and there is a big "TSUM"- Central Department Store on Moskovskaya street. A big supermarket (Miks) with a wide range of food is on ul. 28 Iyulia, 8th trolleybus. Fresh food can be obtained on the "Kolkhos market" in the city centre (ul. Pushkinskaya/ul. Kujbysheva): inside the closed market meat (a bloody lot!), cheese, bread and stuff, outside (half-open) fruits and vegetables. In front of the markets elder women and other people sell what they grow on their datchas or collect in the forests.

## Eat

It's a bit difficult to get really good food in Brest. Vegetarians are hardly a target group for Brest restaurants.
* Restaurant Vesta.
* Venezia Restaurant. A place where one at least gets some good food.
* Restaurant U ozera. In a town park, good meat and starters. Good for business lunches.
* Jules Verne (in the city center). Not cheap for citizens, but good for foreigners, with tasty European food.

## Drink

Avoid at any cost the German owned café Crezo on Sovetskaya. Very rude staff, taking your passport if you want to use the Wi-Fi, for which you have to pay separately from the café charges. Horrible.

## Sleep
### Budget

Cheap rooms are offered by hotel of locomotive depot of Brest Railway station, on the Geroiv Oborony Brestskoy Kreposty street. Two-person room cost about $5 per person.
* 52.1283623.708331 Guest House Izumrudnyy, Izumrudnaya st, house 4, ☏ +375 29 723-37-81. It's a bit remote, but a good place to stay if you like cats and a free breakfast. 39 rubles. (updated Mar 2021)
* 52.0984823.685092 Hotel Molodezhnaya Hotel, Ulitsa Komsomol'skaya 6, ☏ +375 162 21-63-76. Old hotel but not as old as some. 65 rubles, 78 for two persons. (updated Mar 2021)

### Mid-range

Another brilliant option is 5 Rings or 5 Kolets - a hotel built in 2007 on the third floor of Brest Stadium in Gogolya Street, a few hundred meters away from Vesta Hotel. During the high season which is in summer the place is booked out so a prior booking is the most reliable way to check in.
* 52.0847523.7046283 Hotel Belarus, 6, Shevchenko blvd, ☏ +375 162 22-16-48. The quintessential Soviet-era hotel, like part of the mothball fleet, where you go to turn the water off and the faucet handle comes off in your hand. (updated Jan 2019)
* 52.09423.681164 Hermitage Hotel (Отель Эрмитаж), Ulitsa Chkalova 7, ☏ +375 33 327-40-00. It's a pretty opulent boutique hotel with a sauna, karaoke bar, restaurant and probably even turn-down service. 125 rubles. (updated Mar 2021)
* 52.0893723.698685 Yenergija Hotel Filial Rup Brestyenergo, vulica Dziaržynskaha 58, ☏ +375 162 93-56-76. Very old and Soviet-like. Maybe some sliced ham for breakfast. 97 rubles. (updated Mar 2021)
* 52.0870723.701546 Apartments Masherov KFC, Praspekt Mašerava 39, ☏ +375 33 331-32-00. When you want your own private space, this might be an option. 104 rubles. (updated Mar 2021)

## Connect

There are 3 major GSM providers in Belarus (including Brest):
* MTS $^{[deadlink]}$
* A1
* Life$^{[deadlink]}$
All of them offer no-contract GSM SIM cards and USB modems for Internet access. Each of these companies has numerous stores in Brest city center. You will need your passport to purchase a SIM card.

## Stay safe

Belarus has a low rate of crime, and the atmosphere is mostly very friendly even on big celebrations (when everyone is drunk).
Try not to wander off too far at night.

## Cope

Buses do not run after 23:30 so you will need a taxi.

### Consulates

They might be able to help you if you are an EU citizen and something horrible happens.
* Poland https://www.msz.gov.pl/be/p/brzesc_by_k_be/ +375 (162) 270032. M-F 08:30 - 16:30. Kuibysheva street, 34.
* Kazakhstan http://www.mfa.kz/ru/brest%5Bdead+link%5D
* Hungary https://minszk.mfa.gov.hu/hun/page/munkatarsak +375 162 21-42-34; +375 162 27-09-85 ConsulHUBrest@gmail.com
* Slovakia http://www.brest-konsulhs.by/o-nas/
* France https://by.ambafrance.org/Le-Consulat-Honoraire-de-France-a%5Bdead+link%5D +375 162 231 112
* Czech Republic https://www.mzv.cz/minsk/cz/o_velvyslanectvi/honorarni_konzulat_cr_v_brestu/index.html Kosmonavtov 75/1. +375 162 22 05 27.
* Ukraine https://brest.mfa.gov.ua/ua/about-mission/contact $^{[deadlink]}$ +375 162 22 04 55; +375 162 22 03 88. Vorovskogo street, 19. gc_byb@mfa.gov.ua

## Go next

* Grodno is the Belarusian Lviv, an old and beautiful town north from Brest. By bus it's some four hours and €10.
* Bronnaya Gora is a village about 100 km north-east from Brest. The "elektrichka" to Minsk stops there. Near the village during World War II Germans murdered some 50,000 Jews, amongst them most Brest Jews (October 1941).
* Belovezhskaya Pushcha National Park (Belavezhskaya Pushcha) is an ancient woodland straddling the border between Belarus and Poland, located 70 km (43 mi) north from Brest. It is one of the last and largest remaining parts of the immense primeval forest which once spread across the European Plain. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. There are buses going there from Brest.
* Poland is just a few kilometers away. There is one dedicated daily train from Brest to Warsaw, departing at 15:23 Belarusian time, reaching Warsaw at 17:25 Polish time.