# Palo Duro Canyon

Palo Duro Canyon cuts through the High Plains of the Texas Panhandle, in the southern United States. It is a protected area, part of the Palo Duro Canyon State Park.

## Understand

Palo Duro Canyon is 120 mi (190 km) long, up to 20 mi (32 km) wide, and up to 820 ft (250 m) deep, making it the United States' second largest canyon.

### History

Archaeological findings indicate that humans inhabited the canyon as many as 12,000 years ago. It was long home to various native American tribes as well, including Apache and Comanche. The JA Cattle Ranch was established there in 1876, after the expulsion of the natives.

### Landscape

The canyon was formed by erosion from the Little Prairie Dog Town branch of the Red River.
The park is home to many unique geological formations, including many hoodoos-- thin, irregular columns of sedimentary rock sticking up from the canyon floor, capped with a harder rock which prevents further erosion.
The Lighthouse is the most famous of these in park, and is one of the quintessential postcard shots in the state.
Prominent features:
* the Lighthouse, reachable via a 5.75 mile-long round trip on the Lighthouse Trail.
* Capital Peak
* the Spanish Skirts
* the Devil's Slide

### Flora and fauna

* Aoudad sheep are agile climbers, a rare but special sight.
* Whitetail deer and Mule deer
* Coyotes and red foxes
* Bobcats and mountain lions
* Diamondback rattlesnakes and Bullsnakes
* Longhorn cattle, but only two of them. They are named "Biscuits" and "Gravy".
* Wild boar and wild turkeys
* Prickly Pear Cactus and Yucca
* Cottonwood and Mesquite trees

### Climate

Summer temperatures are often at or near 100 °F (38 °C), winter temperatures can drop below freezing.

## Get in
### By car

* Amarillo, at the intersection of Interstates 40 and 27, is the gateway to Palo Duro Canyon.
* From I-27 take the exit for Texas 217 eastbound at Canyon, just 20 minutes south of Amarillo.
* If staying in Canyon, know that 4th Avenue is part of Texas 217. Palo Duro Canyon is about 33 minutes east of the town.

### By air

Amarillo's Rick Husband International Airport is served by American, Continental, and Southwest.

## Fees and permits

Entry is $5 for adults, free for children under 12. Ranger station - +1 806-488-2227

## Get around

A road winds down into the floor of the canyon where you will find the visitor center and the amphitheater. The road continues on to some campsites, but many areas of the park can be reached only on foot or horseback.
It is possible to rent horses for exploring the park, and some of the campsites allow horses. Inquire at the visitor's center.

## See

* TEXAS, the Musical, ☏ +1 806 655-2181. In production for over 40 years, the show plays nightly Tu-Su from early June to mid-August at Pioneer Amphitheater. There is a steak dinner before the show which is catered by the Big Texan Steakhouse in Amarillo.
* Charles Goodnight's Dugout. Near the entrance of the park. This is a replica of the dwelling of the first white man to colonize the park. Charles Goodnight started the JA Ranch in 1876, raising up to 100,000 head of cattle here. A small portion of the ranch is still in operation today, in the lower parts of the canyon.

## Do

The park has over 30 miles of marked trails for hiking, mountain biking, or horse riding.
* Elkins Ranch (at the entrance to the park on Texas 217). This working cattle ranch spans part of the canyon. It offers horse and jeep rides, cowboy poetry and music, chuckwagon meals, and its authentically-costumed staff do their best to make you feel you are out on the range in the mid-1800s.
* Old West Stables, 11450 Park Rd (on the entrance road inside the park), ☏ +1 806 488-2227. Guided horse rides. Various routes are available, Reservations are required for the 6-mile loop route to see the Lighthouse formation. Chuckwagon meals and other food items are also available.

## Buy

There is a small novelty shop near the entrance to the Canyon.

## Eat

Chuckwagon meals of smoked ribs and chicken, corn, mashed potatoes, beans, and cowboy coffee. Available at Elkin's Ranch or Old West Stables-- see the listings under the Do section above.

## Sleep
### Lodging

There are a few cabins available for rent with nice views of the canyon. Reservations can be made with the Visitor Center.
* Cow Camp Cabins. 4 vintage cabins built in 1933 by the Civilian Conservation Corp workers who developed road access into the canyon. Now renovated, they provide microwave, refrigerator, and cots. No bedding is provided. $60/night plus entrance fee.
* CCC Rim Cabins. Two 2-room cabins on the canyon rim. Both have a bathroom/shower and twin futon beds with bedding provided. $110/night plus entrance fee.
* Sorenson. A single cabin on the rim of the canyon. A large deck gives a panoramic view of the canyon below. Bedding provided. $125/night plus entrance fee.

### Camping

There are many campsites throughout the park, all of which charge $12 per four persons. Amenities range from sites with electricity and public bathrooms and showers to those with only a picnic table and fire pit. The following campsites are accessible by car:
* Cactus Camp Area.
* Fortress Cliff Camp Area.
* Hackberry Camp Area. Near the Givens, Spicer, and Lowry trailhead.
* Mesquite Camp Area.
* Sagebrush Camp Area.

### Backcountry

Simple: go to the end of the road, park, and walk for a half-hour or so until you find a spot suitable for your tent (or bivy). Some trails are intended for horses and intersect streams. Ask for specific directions from a ranger if you don't want to get wet.

## Stay safe

* Beware of rattlesnakes while hiking.
* Following severe rains, six river crossings in the park may be impassible due to flash-flooding. Although many trails remain open, check ahead for weather information.
* Bring plenty of water when hiking. It gets hot and dry and there is seldom a water source nearby.
* If leaving trails, be sure to check for sure footing on slopes, many rocks and soil are prone to breaking loose.

## Go next

* Caprock Canyons State Park - 80 miles to the southeast, off the beaten track, the same river cut another set of canyons where the Caprock Escarpment gives way to the North Central Plains, with some spectacularly long trails to follow.