# Ganja

Ganja (Azeri: Gəncə) is a city in the Ganja Region of northwestern Azerbaijan.

## Understand

Ganja is one of the oldest cities in the Caucasus, and has long been one of the most important in Azerbaijan. Having been subjected to a seemingly endless stream of invading armies, its name has changed repeatedly over the years and is very interesting architecturally. The historical name, Ganja, was restored once again upon Azerbaijan's independence in 1991. With a population of 330,744 (2016), it is the country's second-largest city. Most proudly the city was home to Azerbaijan’s national bard Nizami Gəncəvi (1141–1209).
* Ganja Regional Tourism Information Center, Hasan Əliyev küç 31, ☏ +994 22 266 23 84. 09:00 to 18:00. Provides free city maps and travel agency services. The staff speak limited English.

## Get in
### By plane

* 40.739146.31 Gəncə Beynəlxalq Hava Limanı (KVD Ganja International Airport), 8 km northwest of the city centre. A taxi costs around 7 manat. (updated Nov 2019)
| Airlines | Destinations |
| Azerbaijan Airlines | Baku, Nakhchivan, St Petersburg Seasonal: Antalya, Mineralnye Vody |
| Turkish Airlines | Istanbul-New |
| Ural Airlines | Moscow-Domodedovo |
| UTair Aviation | Moscow-Vnukovo |
| VIM Airlines $^{[formerlydeadlink]}$ | Moscow-Domodedovo |
| Yanair$^{[deadlink]}$ | Seasonal: Kyiv-Zhulyany |
The airport is open from 08:00 to 17:00.

### By train

* 40.714246.36712 Gəncə Dəmiryol Stansiyası / Ganja Railway Station (Gəncə Dəmiryol Vağzalı), Zülfü Hacıyev küç (The station is located 4 km north of the city center and can be reached by buses 1, 4 or 12.), ☏ +994 50 370 33 79. This station provides national and international rail conections to the city. (updated Nov 2019)
Ganja sits on one of the Azerbaijani primary rail lines running east–west through the country. This line now forms part of the Kars–Tbilisi–Baku railway, which directly connects Turkey, Georgia and Azerbaijan. This railway connects Ganja with Baku as well as with Tbilisi in Georgia, from where passenger trains may in the future eventually connect to Akhalkalaki, and Kars in Turkey.
Check the complete timetable online:
* Astara – 8 manat.
* Baku – The daytime ‘express’ (6 manat) departs from Ganja at 15:50 on alternate days arriving in Baku around midnight. The overnight train 37 departs daily from Ganja at 02:56 and arrives in Baku at 08:52. The train has 2nd class kupé (KP) 4-berth sleepers (14.81 manat) and 3rd class platskartny (PL) open-plan sleepers (8.12 manat). The overnight train 38 departs daily from Baku at 20:40 and arrives in Ganja at 02:33, before continuing on to Tbilisi. The train has 2nd class kupé (KP) 4-berth sleepers (14.81 manat) and 3rd class platskartny (PL) open-plan sleepers (8.12 manat).
* Tbilisi – Train 37 between Tbilisi and Baku departs from Tbilisi at 20.35 and arrives in Ganja at 02:50. Train 38 between Baku and Tbilisi departs from Ganja at 02:55 and arrives in Tbilisi at 08:55. The trains in both directions have 1st class spalny vagon (SV) 2-bed sleepers (40.67 manat), 2nd class kupé (KP) 4-berth sleepers (23.52 manat) and 3rd class platskartny (PL) open-plan sleepers (16.58 manat).

### By bus or marshrutka

The city has the following bus stations:
* 40.68329646.406793 Gəncə Beynəlxalq Avtovağzal / Ganja International Bus Station (Yevlax Yeni Avtovogzal), Yevlax Şossesi (R51 highway) 900 m east of the intersection of Nəriman Nərimanov and Kimyacilar. (It can be reached from the centre of the city by bus 17 or 23. Bus 23 goes along the Əttarlar Street in the city, just west of the river and at the southern end of the Cavadxan pedestrian zone, or from Mərkəzi Bazar. A taxi is 3 manat, use Bolt.), ☏ +994 55 737 1436. It serves destinations in the eastern part of the country such as Agdas, Baku, Balaken, Gazakh, Goranboy, Nizami, Samadabad, Sheki and Yevlax. International bus services also operated from here to and from Georgia (Tbilisi), Iran, Russia (Moscow), Turkey, and Ukraine. The marshrutkas servicing Sheki generally drop passengers off at the intersection of Nəriman Nərimanov and Kimyacilar. (updated Nov 2019)
* 40.70210446.3209734 Yeni Şəmkir Avtovağzal, R50 highway in the north-western corner of the city (1.5 km northwest of the Hotel Ramada Plaza (which is on the corner of Nizami Ganjavi and 28 May küç). 3-4 manat for a taxi, use Bolt.). This bus station serves destinations in the western part of the country, such as Daskasan, Gadabay, Qazakh and Şəmkir. (updated Nov 2019)
* 40.64186146.3404425 Southern Bus Station (Nərimanov küç just south of the Nizami küç junction). Mostly for Göygöl. (updated Aug 2017)
Specific destinations (Sep 2019):
* Baku – Every 30 min 06:00-19:00. 4½ hr, 9 manat.
* Daşkəsən – 0.40 manat.
* Goranboy – Hourly 08:00-18:00, 0.90 manat.
* Göygöl – Frequently, 25 min.
* Ismailli – 4.70 manat.
* Naftalan – 06:00, 08:00, and 12:00. 1-2 manat.
* Qabala – From Ganja at 08:15, and 08:30. 5 manat.
* Qazakh – Regular marshrutkas, 2 hr 10 min, 4 manat. The last one departs at 19:30.
* Sheki – From Ganja at 13:30 and 16:30, 3 hr, 4 manat. Though they can leave earlier if they fill up.
* Tbilisi, ☏ +994 517378803, +994 707378803, +995 598378803, +995 595378803. This marshrutka leaves from the Ganja bus station at 09:00 and returns from Tbilisi at 07:00. It waits for you at the border, takes about 4 hr, and connects to the Ortachala Central Bus Station in Tbilisi. You (or your accommodation) should call ahead to reserve your seat since places are limited. There are two drivers, Elçin and Rasul, which go back and forth by turns every day. So, one or the other will confirm your ride, and they have each others numbers. Since they go through Ganja center when leaving, you can probably arrange a pickup somewhere in the city along their route. 8-10 manat.
    The other option is to take a marshrutka from the Yeni Şemkir Bus Station to Qazakh (Qazax) (2 hr 10 min, 4 manat). While the frequency is unknown one marshrutka departs at 08:00. From the same location in Qazakh (where the service from Ganja terminates) frequent marshrutkas (1 hr 15 min, 1 manat) go to the border crossing at Red Bridge (Krasny Most, Qırmızı Körpü, Tsiteli Khidi), from where you can catch a marshrutka to Tbilisi (1 hr, 5 lari). If you take this route, then a 08:00 depart from Ganja will see you arriving at Station Square in Tbilisi at 13:30.

### By taxi

A taxi from/to Naftalan can be had for 25 manat.
From/to Sheki is 50 manat or less, depending on your bargaining skills. Or just use a ride sharing app.

### By car

The city is served by the M2, R19, R20, R21, R50 and R51 highways.

## Get around
### On foot

The Old City is best visited on foot.

### By bus

There is also public bus service for 0.30 manat available. Routes change pretty often due to ongoing road construction, but #1 and #4 head to the Heydar Aliyev Park, and in the opposite direction #4 and #5 go to the Southern Bus Station (for Göygöl).

### By taxi

A taxi can be convenient for the Heydar Aliyev Park, bus stations or Göygöl. Expect to pay 3 manat to/from any of the bus stations from/to the centre. Fares are generally ⅓–½ manat/km.

## See

* 40.686546.32681 Xatirə parkı (Heydar Aliyev Park Complex). It is claimed to be the world's 5th largest park complex, and the largest in Azerbaijan and the Caucasus. The area spreads across 450 hectares. (Wikipedia lists 144 urban parks that are larger than 450 ha.) The arc de triomphe can be found at the very entrance. The complex contains many attractions for children, recreational and entertainment venues, and a bicycle rental.
* 40.6885346.339662 World War II memorial and grave of unknown soldier.

### Old City

The Old City of Ganja was developed starting in the 16th century. Living quarters (məhəllə) from those times make up vast parts of the city to this day.
* 40.6801946.359943 City Hall Square with Museum of Heydar Aliyev. The side of the square has remained the same as it was since the 16th century. The City Hall was built during the Soviet era. The building is a twin of the Tbilisi Parliament Hall. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.676746.358244 Gəncə Filarmoniyası (Ganja Philharmonic Society), Z2000, Gəncə, Gəncə, Cavadxan, 47, ☏ +994 222 52-06-63. The Philharmony was built in 2016. There with the site of the castle with khan palace and city walls till the Russian siege in the 19th century. During the Soviet era all historical buildings were destroyed and Cinema Baku was built on the site of the castle. After Azerbaijan attained independence, the cinema was torn down to develop the Philharmony. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.67916746.3563895 Aleksandr Nevski Rus Pravoslav Kilsəsi (Russian Church of Alexander Nevsky), Veteranlar, 2. Public worship performed on Saturdays, Sundays, the Twelves and Great holidays. A Russian Orthodox church built in 1887 on the grounds of an ancient cemetery, dedicated to local Christians and Muslims likewise. In 1916 the church became a cathedral. Its style is Byzantine with bricks of the name "plinfa". Between 1935-38 it served as the museum of local history. Reopened in 1946, many former icons had survived the revolutionary phases, like the ones of St. Alexander Nevsky and Mary Magdalene. They are very strict about dress code, so just forget about heading there if you were shorts or skirts.
* 40.6816846.355666 Bottle House (Butulkalı ev), 20 Hüseyn Cavid (Qember Hüseynli), f.jafarov@hotmail.com. House of Jafarovs family of Ganja. Created in 1967 by Ibrahim Jafarov in honor of his brother and all World War II soldiers who did not return home or died war fronts. Instead of using bricks and such, he used bottles for many parts of the house, like the walls. In total he used 48,000 bottles. He also used coloured stones from Sochi. He dedicated the house to his brother and the many other soldiers who died in World War II. A supposed picture of the brother is part of the beautiful walls of the house. You can contact his grandson Elshan who still lives in the house to tell their story. This is private house, but Jafarovs do not mind people taking façade pictures of house. Donations are welcome. 2 manat per person for a picture on the balcony, a tea and a browse through their photo album. Can be bargained for a bigger group..
* 40.6775146.358917 Complex of Shah Abbas mosque, with medieval baths and tomb of Javadkhan (Juma Mosque). Centrally located, the mosque was built in 1606 based on the idea of Sheykh Baheddin. The second name stems from the ruler of this time, Shah Abbas Great, who ordered the construction of many mosques during his reign, like this one.
   * 40.67737946.3582368 Chokek Hamam. A medieval 17th-century bath, restored and open to public. The Vego hotel even has an underground tunnel going from the hotel to this bath.
* 40.677146.35459 Xan bağı (Khan Bagi, Khan's Garden). The central city park is one of the oldest parks in Azerbaijan and the Caucasus, with 7 hectares of local and foreign trees, plants and flowers. Founded in 1700, it was named "Khan Bagi" in 1804 to honour the last ruler of Ganja, Javad Khan. The park was restored in 2010.
* 40.675246.3603610 Cavadxan küçəsi (Javadkhan street). Good walking street in the heart of Old City of Ganja with fountains and street art monuments. There are many cozy cafes and souvenir stores. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.6717246.3598911 Nizami Gəncəvinin heykəli (Monument to Nizami Ganjavi). By making this monument, the author was granted the Stalin Prize.
* 40.6717546.3491412 Ozan məscidi (Ozan Mosque), Ozan küç. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.674646.349613 Təbriz küçəsi (Tebriz str). (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.674846.351614 Ozan küçəsi (Ozan street). (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.671946.360115 Əttarlar küçəsi (Attarlar street). (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.669646.358416 Promenade of Elizavetpol Governorate. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.6736546.3620417 Museum and International Literature Center of Meskheti Ganjavi. (updated Sep 2016)
* House of Israfil Mammadov. (updated Sep 2016)

### Sloboda

Sloboda or commonly Vtoroy Chast ( rus: "Вторая часть"), is the part of the city, which started to develop during Russian rule (19th-20th centuries).
* 40.67055646.36083318 German Lutheran Church (Kukla Teatri), Ahmad Jamil Street. Built in 1885 by the Germans, who moved to the city then. In 1897, about 100 Germans inhabited the city. The church was active until 1941 and later converted into the "State Puppet Theatre" by the Soviets, still serving that purpose.
* 40.672546.362319 Promenade. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.678446.369220 National Flag Square. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.67116546.36429121 European Baths. (updated Sep 2016)

### Ancient Ganja

Ancient Ganja is the archeological site of the city. This part was destroyed during Mongol invasion in 13th century. After the war, the city of Ganja remained uninhabited till the 16th century.
* 40.68388946.43277822 Tomb of Nizami Ganjavi (The Nizami Mausoleum). Built in 1947 to honour the 12th-century poet Nizami Ganjavi. It was built on the grounds of a former mausoleum. It obtained its present form in 2013.
* 40.71546.426623 Complex Goy Imam. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.708746.41524 Ancient city site with remains of walls. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.690446.444825 Main necropol. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.689146.481326 Rebuilt city gates park. (updated Sep 2016)

## Do
### Casual

* Go to the "Kolkhoz bazaar" and take to breakfast fresh fruits, vegetables and dairy products.
* Perform a hot day in the shade of plane trees in the Khan Garden, and in the evening, get some cup of tea with old-timers in one of the cosy tea houses (Chaykhana).
* Invite yourself to Ganjali wedding.
* Gaming cafés are popular with locals and will only cost 1-2 manat an hour, or you pay for the tea/beer.

### Theatres

* 40.6715146.359561 Gəncə Dövlət Dram Teatrı (Ganja State Drama Theatre), M.A.Abbaszadə 54, ☏ +994 55 213 12 21, gencedramteatrı@mail.ru. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.6797646.368282 CinemaPlus "Khamsa Park". 4th floor of shopping mall. (updated Sep 2016)

## Buy

Ganja is well-known as a center of the carpet trade.
* 40.697946.36841 Aura Park, Şah İsmayıl Xətai 93, ☏ +994 22 265 00 25, info@aurapark.az. Shopping center. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.674846.372 Bazarstore, N. Nərimanov k., dalan-1. Good choice of wines, cheese, high quality food. (updated Sep 2016)
* 40.67847546.3648853 Mərkəzi Bazar, Şeyx Bahəddin. (updated Aug 2017)

## Eat

The list of top dishes of Ganjali cuisine (special recipes):
* Dovğа
* Xan aşı
* Yarpaq dolması
* Göy kətəsi
* Şorqoğalı
* Nazik
* Gəncə paxlavası
* Gəncə halvası
* Şəkərbura
* 40.68418946.3623051 Furor Restaurant and Pub, 90 Shah Ismayil Khetayi Ave / Heydər Əliyev prospekti 90, ☏ +994 22 2521010, +994 70 2002001, furorrestaurant@gmail.com. 11:30-02:00. Not cheap, but recommended.

## Drink

It is recommended to drink bottled water. However, there are a lot of tea houses offering tasty tea.
* 40.67435946.3601411 London CoffeeShop, Cavadxan, ☏ +994 55 7750888, londoncoffeeshopco@gmail.com. 09:00-23:00. Highly recommended and if you want to get into contact with the locals.

## Sleep

* 40.67555346.3601351 Old Ganja Hostel, Cavadxan 47, ☏ +994 552966621, oldganjahostel@gmail.com. Cozy and relaxed. Dorm from 15 manat. (updated Aug 2017)
* 40.67086646.3661522 Ganja hostel, Nəriman Nərimanov, ☏ +994 503692233, +994 222578277. Not as recommended as Old Ganja Hostel, but an alternative, if the former is full. (updated Aug 2017)
* 40.67540946.370713 Hostel of Ganja, 77 Nəriman Nərimanov. Dorm from 18 manat. (updated Aug 2017)
* 40.67976646.3603244 Ganja Hotel (Gəncə Hotel), Heydar Əliyev prospekti, 155 (in front of City Hall), ☏ +994-256-51-06, +994-256-51-18, info@gancahotel.com. Check-in: 12:00, check-out: 12:00. (updated Aug 2016)
* 40.68755146.3377475 $^{[deadlink]}$ Ramada Plaza, 519 Nizami Ganjavi ave., AZ2019, ☏ +994-22-267-00-05, info@ramadaplazagence.com. (updated Aug 2016)

## Connect

Ganja's area code is 22.
* 40.674646.35241 Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Gence Başkonsolosluğu (Turkish Consulate General), M. A. Abbaszadə, 8A, ☏ +994-222-66-29-23, +994-222-66-29-24, +994-222-66-29-25, consulate.ganja@mfa.gov.tr. M-F 09:00-13:00 and 14:00-18:00. (updated Sep 2016)

## Respect

Basic advice will help you to feel comfortable in most common situations.
* Be familiar with the terms Qeyret, Adat and Namus (code of honour). Unlike Baku, Ganjalis understand causes of globalization and resist it in areas related to family and human behaviour.
* Never joke about the name of the city also being a word for marijuana.
Ganjalis are very hospitable people, and sometimes you may mistakenly think that it's false hospitality. In fact, some people can overdo it in their desire to help you. It is your responsibility to stop them (and do so with plausible arguments), but be careful because even a hint of rejection will hurt them.

## Go next

Ganja is the gateway to Lesser Caucasus region, where you can take few day trips from city:
* Göygöl – A must visit German town in the suburbs of Ganja, formerly named Khanlar (Xanlar) and Helenendorf, founded by German farmers from Bavarian Swabia.
* Göygöl National Park – About 20 km from Göygöl and near Toğanalı, this hiking and leisure destination can be found. Its lake was formed during a strong earthquake in 1139.
* Xoshbulag – Most Ganjalis spend their vacations and summer weekends in this village.
* Shamkir – Mixed Azeri-German small town. There are cognac and wine plantations.
* Qazakh – Gateway to Georgia with hot pool in a nearby local village.
* Gedabay – Home of Ayrum people, turkified descendants of ancient Roman soldiers.
* Naftalan – A well-known petroleum spa resort, the centre of medical tourism in Azerbaijan.
* Sheki – A bus ride to the north. A beautiful city in the Caucasus mountains with lots to see and do. It has one of the largest densities of cultural resources and monuments that span 2,700 years of Azerbaijani history.
* Tbilisi – Many people continue further into Georgia directly from Ganja.