# Khiamniungan Naga phrasebook

Patsho Khiamniungan or colloquially Patsho Nyu is a Sino-Tibetan language spoken by the Khiamniungans in North Eastern parts of India in the state of Nagaland, Noklak district. It also refers to the people living in the district mostly inhibiting the western part, that of Patsho range, southern part i.e. Thuonoknyu administrative circle and sparingly all over Noklak. Above all, it is a village with one of the highest number of Population in the region. Sometimes, it refers to Patsho speaking group of people who are native to and belong to Patsho Village. The language is widely known who are native to Noklak district and parts of Myanmar.

## Grammar

Patsho Khiamniungan word order is subject-object-verb: "I-subject him-object see-verb." Subjects (especially I and you) are often omitted if these are clear from the context.
Patsho has postpositions instead of prepositions: like hui khem or jam khem, "bridge below" or "house below" respectively instead of "below the house."
Patsho people or Khiamniungans refer to each other rather in terms like elder brother, elder sister, younger sibling, uncle, aunt, grandmother, grandfather, manager, teacher etc. than by using the straight word like you even if this person is actually not. The other common words used daily are the words "pie" for the male and "wu-ai" for female is such a humble and polite reference to someone either close or strangers, especially among younger people. Those two completed word form would be "pienie" and "wuynie". Additionally, it's not uncommon to refer to yourself by using such an expression ( example: "[I] Father will cook you a nice dinner." Which feels like saying "This or myself father will...").
To keep in mind that the word for older brother is simply "tei" or "teihai", while the word for older sister is "nou" or "nouhai". The word for the younger ones is simply neu or neuhai for both male or female.

## Pronunciation guide
### Vowels

There are six vowels in Patsho

### Consonant

Patsho Khiamniungan vowels :
| Small letters | a | e | i | o | u | ü |

#### a

    like 'a' in 'father',
(IPA: a, a̯)

#### e

    like 'e' in 'bed'
(IPA: e, ɛ, ɛ̯)

#### i

    like 'ee' in 'beet'
(IPA: i, i̯)

#### o

    like 'o' in 'orange' or 'author'
(IPA: o, o̯)

#### u

    like 'oo' in 'hoop', 'look' in open positions or like 'o' in 'hope' in close positions, such as in final 'uh' and 'uk' combinations.
(IPA: u, ʊ, u̯)

#### ü

    like in 'banana'.
(IPA: ə, ɜ̯)

### Consonant

Patsho Khiamniungan consonant :
| Small letters | ch | h | j | k | kh | l | m | n | ng | ny | p | ph | s | sh | t | th | ts | tsh | v | w | y |
There are 21 consonants, which are all pronounce with the letter vowel ü like the sound found in the word 'banana'(IPA: bəˈnɑː.nə) . So, to exemplify, the letter ch or h should be pronounced chü, or hü respectively.

## Written language

Patsho Khiamniungan is written in Latin script with twenty seven letters. Some letters are combined to form a letter, for example t, s, and h are different and separate., but there is tsh as one letter, found in (among others) the word Patsho. Another example could be kh and ng both found in the word Khiamniungan.
Patsho Khiamniungan Alphabet :
| Capital letters | a | ch | e | h | i | j | k | kh | l | m | n | ng | ny | o | p | ph | s | sh | t | th | ts | tsh | u | ü | v | w | y |
| IPA | a a̯ | tʃʰ | e ɛ ɛ̯ | h | i i̯ | tʃ | k | kʰ | l | m | n | ŋ | ɲ | o o̯ | p | pʰ | ʃ | ʃʰ | t | tʰ | ts | tsʰ | u ʊ u̯ | ə ɜ̯ | v | w | j |

## Phrase list
### Hello.

Used at the initial phone calls or during meeting or visit someone.

### Shâu-òh nyîvâ kǜ jǖnòi*(IPA: /ʃɑu⁵²-ɒʔ³¹.ɲɪ⁵²vɑ⁵². kə³¹.tʃə³³nɒɪ³¹/)

who knows.
A rhetorical statement uttered to show that the person uttering it neither knows the answer nor knows who might. Nong tikü naih tsak nü-e, tikü naih memtsho. Shâu-òh nyîvâ kǜ jǖnòi It could be one or the other, or both. Who knows
Local terms.
| Patsho Khiamniungan | English | Sentence Patsho Khiamniungan | English |
| Thēumêi | Thank You | Theumei, nyo-oh ei tah pautsang kiuh jünü theutho. | Thank you for taking care of me. |
| Āmêi hǜnī? | How are you? |
| Āmêi. | I am fine. |
| Khìam | Water | Jujie liang kü Khiam nü thingkeuh tsak asheu kiuh. | Please bring a cup of water |
| Tshīh | (cooked) rice | Tshih hielouh va mou | Have you eaten lunch/dinner(meal) |
| Ngòuh (nyèih) | fish (meat) |
| Vèu (nyìeh) | chicken (meat) | Jüsa toh Veu nyieh kie hie nye. | We have eaten chicken curry. |
| Yōh (nyèih) | pork (meat) |
| Jâng (nyèih) | beef (meat) |
| Ūo (nyìeh) | mutton (meat) |
| Kīe (nyieh-kie sang o) | dish (meat/vegetable) |
| Sāng-ô (kie sang-o) | vegetable |
| Nāgā chǖ-ùm | lentils |
| Tsēm | salt |
| Lūtsôutsòh (Chauchau ko) | less |
| Pǖ-ìuh | chilli |
| Shûa | Distribute | Jūjīelīankó āshūa kìuhshì | Please give again (serve again). |
| Têitsòh | enough, stop, completed | Teitsoh, nyü chishi ko | Let's stop working |
| Khìam nü āshêu kìuh. | Please give water. |
| kìuh | give or serve | Tsīh nü ākhém kíuh. | Please give food (rice). |
| Jūjīelīangkó kîemāu nǖhéikǖ ākīuh. | vegetable / meat. |
| ātéi yèuh jē? | What do you want? |
| ātéi? | What? |
| Āvàih? Ātéi nāih-òh? | When? |
| Ātéi lé? | Where? |
| Ātéi ālì? | How? |
| Āshēu āmēi. | Good Night. |
| āléuh | where(how) | Shīemông lè āléuh phù jè? | How(from where) do I go to Shiemong? |
| ātēitsòh? | how much? | Nòngnī ātēitsòh mâi nò? | What's(how much) the price of this? |
| mêi | good or happy | Mêikǖ lǜ-īu. | Happy journey. |
| mônglīng | happy | mônglīngkǖ lǖnôi.. | Stay happy. |

### Numbers

| Numerals | Hauvi | Tone(Shangliak) | IPA |
| 0 | wa | wà | wa³¹ |
| 1 | tsak | tsāk | tsak³³ |
| 2 | lümih | lǖmīeh | lə³³ mɪʔ³³ |
| 3 | sümieh | sǖmīeh | sə³³ mɪəʔ³³ |
| 4 | pülie | pǖlīe | pə³³ lɪə³³ |
| 5 | müngou | mǖngōu | mə³³.ŋɒu³³ |
| 6 | lüvok | lǖvòk | lə³³.vɒk³³ |
| 7 | tshünyieh | tshūnyìeh | tsʰə³³.ɲɪɛʔ³³ |
| 8 | püjeih | pǖjèih | pə³³ tʃɛʔ³³ |
| 9 | lükau | lǖkàu | lə³³ kɒu³³ |
| 10 | tshie | tshìe | tsʰɪɛ³³ |
| 20 | khei | khèi | kʰɛɪ³¹ |
| 30 | ausam | āusám | ɑu³³sɑm⁵⁵ |
| 40 | aupülie | àupǜlīe | au̯³¹pə³¹liɛ̯³³ |
| 50 | aumüngou | àumǜngōu | au̯³¹məŋ³¹ou̯³³ |
| 60 | aulüvok | àulǜvòk | au̯³¹lə³¹vok³² |
| 70 | autshienyieh | àutshǜnyìeh | au̯³¹tsʰə³¹ɲiɛ̯ʔ³² |
| 80 | aupüjeh | àupǜjèih | au̯³¹pə³¹tʃɛi̯ʔ³² |
| 90 | aulükau | àulǜkàu | au̯³¹lə³¹lau̯³¹ |
| 100 | tsum tsak | tsūm tsāk | tsum³³.tsak³³ |
| 200 | tsum lümieh | tsūm lǖmīeh | tsum³³.lə³³ mɪʔ³³ |
| 300 | tsum sümieh | tsūm sǖmīeh | tsum³³.sə³³ mɪəʔ³³ |
| 400 | tsum pülie | tsūm pǖlīe | tsum³³.pə³³.lɪə³³ |
| 500 | tsum müngou | tsūm mǖngōu | tsum³³.mə³³.ŋɒu³³ |
| 600 | tsum lüvok | tsūm lǖvòk | tsum³³.lə³³.vɒk³³ |
| 700 | tsum tshünyieh | tsūm tshūnyìeh | tsum³³.tsʰə³³.ɲɪɛʔ³³ |
| 800 | tsum püjeih | tsūm pǖjèih | tsum³³. pə³³.tʃɛʔ³³ |
| 900 | tsum lükau | tsūm lǖkàu | tsum³³.lə³³.kɒu³³ |
| 1000 | ka tsak | ká tsāk | ka⁵⁵.tsak³³ |
| 10,000 | ka tshie | ká tshīe | ka⁵⁵.tsʰɪɛ³³ |
| 100,000 | tsang tsak | Tsāng tsāk | tsaŋ³³.tsak³³ |
| 10000000 | pei tsak | péi tsāk | pei⁵⁵.tsak³³ |
| 1000000000 | iuh tsak | ìuh tsāk | iu³¹ʔ.tsak³³ |
| 100000000000 | em tsak | ēm tsāk | em³³.tsak³³ |

### Problems
#### Leave me alone.

    Ei nyie kü ateuva te.

#### Don't touch me.

    Ei tü nyü tha.

#### I'll call the police.

    Süpai hai tah thie e ngo-oh.

#### Stop! Thief!

    Alau! Kauh hai!

#### I need your help.

    Ngo-oh nyoh no aholouh pou nye.

#### It's an emergency.

    Nongni atingting/(lutsüh liu kü pou nye)

#### I'm lost.

    Ei püliah vaih.

#### I lost my bag.

    Jünükong ui vaih.

#### I lost my wallet.

    Jüchainükongtshou ui vaih.

#### I'm sick.

    Ei pem jüpou tho.

#### I need a doctor.

    Ngo-oh muoli-ie nü pou nye.

#### Can I use your phone?

    Anyuthi tiam aliai ho?

#### Duration
##### _____ day(s)

    Nyihtsoh - One day : Nünyih - Two days : Samnyih - Three days : Pülienyih - four days: Müngounyih - Five days : Lüvoknyih - 6 days : Tshünyihnyih - 7 days :

##### _____ week(s)

    ōnōujîe _____

##### _____ month(s)

    ālèih _____

##### _____ year(s)

    pūo _____

#### Days
##### today

    lōunyīh

##### yesterday

    mǖnyìh

##### tomorrow

    húmshêu

##### this week

    nòng ōnōujîe nī

##### last week

    ālīevānō ōnōujîe

##### next week

    āshīànò ōnōujîe

##### Sunday

    ônōu

##### Monday

    ōnōuthōng

##### Tuesday

    nǖnyīh

##### Wednesday

    sāmnyīh

##### Thursday

    pǖlīenyīh

##### Friday

    mǖngōunyīh

##### Saturday

    lǖvòknyìh

#### Months
##### Gregorian calendar

The people of Khiamniungan use the Gregorian calendar in everyday life.

###### January

    khāutsāuhsîe

###### February

    Pǖphìe

###### March

    Mîu

###### April

    Lūaplō

###### May

    Lîe

###### June

    Pīekānyú

###### July

    Pêiâm

###### August

    Pâisǜkhìam

###### September

    Tsōukūm

###### October

    Ūvā

###### November

    pêulīam

###### December

    Ālèih-òu

### Colors
#### black

    ānyōh

#### white

    āthēu

#### gray

    āpōithèu

#### red

    āsīng

#### blue

    ātháng

#### yellow

    āsúo

#### green

    āsāngnyô

#### orange

    sīngsīng

#### purple

    shûakhōulōng

#### brown

    īesíngjî

#### Directions
##### How do I get to _____ ?

    Ei _____ le aleuh alithih kü iu-e?

##### ...the train station?

    Jamleunyu lauthang ... ?

##### ...the bus station?

    Jamkei lauthang ... ?

##### ...the airport?

    ājeìkàmthàng ... ?

##### ...downtown?

    Nokvem ... ?

##### ...the _____ hotel?

    shāsáujâm nü ..._____ ?

##### ...restaurants?

    āthínglóuhjàm ...?

##### ...sites to see?

    Athaphie ashailu ...?

##### street

    shūokhīng/līam

##### Turn left.

    Jāléh lǖkhù

##### Turn right.

    òuléh lǖkhù

##### left

    jāh

##### right

    òu

##### straight ahead

    Nongchie ko

##### towards the _____

    _____ tongle

##### before the _____

    _____ kho leh

##### in front of the _____

    _____-kho ko

##### behind the _____

    _____Phi ko

##### intersection

    Laim viangthah/ Laimjong

##### inside

    āmōnglè

##### outside

    khīngjāilē

##### north

    shîngngâ

##### south

    shîngmùi

##### east

    ōtsīpík

##### west

    ōtsīnáp

### Lodging
#### Do you have any rooms available?

    Jampai aking kishi mou?

#### How much is a room for one person/two people?

    Jampai tsak kü amai nü ateitsoh shau jüno?

#### Does the room come with...

    Jampai nüko atei shüshong teukiuh jüno?

#### ...bedsheets?

    Thamshim....?

#### ...a bathroom?

    Khiampingjam....?

#### ...a telephone?

    Nyuthie....?

#### May I see the room first?

    Ngo-oh jampai tü chong thaplu-a sheu mou?

#### ...bigger?

    Shongko.....?

#### ...cheaper?

    Amai nyapko ...?

#### OK, I'll take it.

    Nou, ei noi-e.

#### I will stay for _____ night(s)

    Ei _____ noi e.

#### Can you suggest another hotel?

    Amou shāsáujâm a-aluh lu?

#### What time is breakfast?

    Ahum āhūmthāisām atau ayeitsoh naih-oh je?

#### Please clean my room.

    Jüjampai asahva/asiuhva kiuh

#### Can you wake me at _____?

Ei ahum _____ naih-oh ajuachuh.

#### I want to check out.

    Ei shuiva e.

### Eating
#### A table for one person/two people, please.

    Tsimnoi tsak kheunyoh lümieh sümieh tsü theutho akingkiuh jujielianko.

#### Can I look at the menu, please?

    Ahieshiu ateishüshong kiuh jükho tü thap e.

#### Can I look in the kitchen?

    Ngo-oh ālìamthīngjám nütah taplu a sheu e mou?

#### I don't eat pork.

    Ngo-oh yonyieh jühie je.

#### I don't eat beef.

    Ngo-oh jangnyieh jühie je.

#### lunch

    mīngtshòushīu

#### tea (meal)

    pâishòh

#### chicken

    vèunyèih

#### beef

    jângnyèih

#### fish

    ngōuhnyèih

#### (fresh) vegetables

    sāngô

#### rice

    tshìh

#### May I have a cup of _____?

    Ngo-oh _____ no thingkheuh tsak shiu a sheu-e mou?

#### May I have a bottle of _____?

    Ngo-oh _____ no ming tsak shiu a sheu-e mou?

#### juice

    shēpkhìam

#### salt

    tsēm

#### I'm finished.

    Ei hie khem vaih

#### Please clear the plates.

    Chiu nüsheuh akamteu louh va.

### Shopping
#### Do you have this in my size?

    Nongni ei tah tho kü ki mou?

#### How much is this?

    Nongni eteitsüh mai?

#### That's too expensive.

    Nong tü pio thieh

#### Would you take _____?

    _____ louh a shiu e mou?

#### expensive

    pio

#### cheap

    nyap

#### I can't afford it.

    piothieh, tulouh a jüshiu e

#### I don't want it.

    Ngo-oh nong tü jüyeuh

#### You're cheating me.

    Nyoh ei tah kausai je

#### I'm not interested.

    jümongtshiu.

#### OK, I'll take it.

    Nou, ngo-oh louh e.

#### Can I have a bag?

    Nükong louh e

#### Do you ship (overseas)?

    Amou le kiuh thiu a shiu mou?

#### I need...

    .... pouje/liamje

#### ...toothpaste.

    Houtsauh muoli

#### ...soap.

    tsōuvêi

#### ...medicine

    mūolī

#### ...an umbrella.

    kēih

#### ...sunblock lotion.

    otsisheu jum

#### ...batteries.

    tsūatshìh

#### ...writing paper.

    chām

#### ...a pen.

    chāmshàhkìe

#### ...English-language books.

    atheunyu cham

#### ...an English-language newspaper.

    atheunyu nyūngēmchàm

#### ...an English-English dictionary.

    atheunyu nyūtàngchàm

### Driving
#### I want to rent a car.

    Kouhjam lailouh e tü yeuhnye.

#### stop (on a street sign)

    Alau

#### one way

    laimkei tsak

#### no parking

    Kouhjam jüteu

#### gas (petrol) station

    iekhiam

#### petrol

    iekhaim

#### diesel

    iekhiam

### Technology
#### mobile phone

    nyūthī/nyū-āuthī

#### battery

    tsūatshìh

#### electric cable

    tsûa-àu

#### screen

    shēukhō

### Clothes

clothe(s)
    nìesìe

#### shirt

    nǖhóng

#### hokjong

    hōkjōng

#### shoe

    hōkpàm

#### footwear

    hōkphūp

### Authority
#### I haven't done anything wrong.

    Ngo-oh atei jüphiu

#### It was a misunderstanding.

    Jüihloiekü khah

#### Where are you taking me?

    Nyo-oh ei atei le nyo lükhuava jüno?

#### Am I under arrest?

    Ei kielouh va tüta

#### I am an American/Australian/British/Canadian citizen.

    Ei American/Australian/British/Canadian paupong. :

#### I want to talk to the American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate.

    Ei American/Australian/British/Canadian embassy/consulate kü thieti e tü yeuh nye.

#### I want to talk to a lawyer.

    Ei nyukhemkhajünü kou thieti e tü yeuh nye.

#### Can I just pay a fine now?

    Ngo-oh chai thamva a shiu e mou?