# Shangqiu

Shangqiu $^{[deadlink]}$ (商丘; shāngqiū) is a city in eastern Henan province, China. Shangqiu has a history of over 4,000 years. It was the first capital of the Shang Dynasty, and later served as the capital of some states including Song in the Zhou Dynasty and Liang in the Han Dynasty.

## Understand

Shangqiu is an agricultural area that mainly grows wheat, corn, cotton and pears. Shangqiu is also famous for its wine, refrigerators, aluminium and electrical bicycle industry.
Though under the administration of Henan Province, Shangqiu shares more cultural similarity with the Huaihai region (淮海地区), a marginal area that includes part of Eastern Henan, southwest Shandong, Northern Jiangsu and Northern Anhui.
Shangqiu administers:
* 2 districts: Liangyuan (梁园) and Suiyang (睢阳). The downtown is on the boundary between the two districts.
* 1 county-level city: Yongcheng (永城).
* 6 counties: Minquan (民权), Suixian (Sui County) (睢县), Ningling (宁陵), Zhecheng (柘城), Xiayi (夏邑) and Yucheng (虞城).

### History

The history of Shangqiu ("Hills of Shang") is closely related to the very beginning of Chinese history. The tradition dates back to the Three August Ones and Five Emperors periods (c. 25th century BC), when the legendary Emperors Shennong, Zhuanxu and Ku were said to be living in the present Shangqiu area. The son of Emperor Ku, Qi (契), who helped Yu the Great to control floods, was enfeoffed the area of Shang, who also became the ancestor of the ancient Shang. Shangqiu was also reportedly one of the capitals defended by the Xia emperor Xiang, troubled by rebellions in his reign. The thirteenth generation grandson of Qi (契), Tang overthrew the ruling Xia dynasty and founded the Shang dynasty, with its first capital at Nanbo (南亳, south of Shangqiu). Around the 11th century BC, the Shang dynasty was replaced by the Zhou dynasty. The royal descendants of the Shang dynasty were enfeoffed the area of Shangqiu, which later became the state of Song.
The Song capital, known as Suiyang, was located at present-day Nanguan (南关) in the south of Shangqiu's urban area. The Song was a major power during the Spring and Autumn era, but declined during the Warring States era and eventually fell to the Qi and Wei in 286 BC. In the Han dynasty, Suiyang served as the capital of the Liang Kingdom. King Xiao of Liang (r. 169 BC – 144 BC) stayed loyal to the Emperor Jing of Han in the Rebellion of the Seven States, during which a failed siege of Suiyang caused the collapse of the main rebel army. The king was also a famous patron of arts and literature who hosted some of the best known Han poets, such as Zhuang Ji and Sima Xiangru, in the Liang capital.
From the Cao Wei dynasty to the early Sui dynasty, Suiyang was the seat of Liang Commandery (梁郡). It became the seat of Song Prefecture (Songzhou) in 596 AD. During the An Lushan rebellion in the Tang dynasty, a ten-month-long siege of Suiyang in 757 turned the tide of the war to the Tang's favor.
Before he ascended to the imperial throne as the Emperor Taizu of Song, Zhao Kuangyin was the jiedushi (military governor) of Guidejun (歸德軍), a region centered in Songzhou. Thus, he chose "Song" as the name of the new dynasty he founded in 960. The city was the southern capital of the Northern Song dynasty under the name Nanjing. Shangqiu was the first in a series of temporary capitals that the Song Dynasty government moved to during their retreat from the north, when most of northern China had been conquered by the Jurchens in the Jin–Song wars. The Song court had retreated south to the city from their original capital in Kaifeng, after it was captured by the Jurchens in the Jingkang Incident of 1127. The court moved to Shangqiu because of its historical importance to Emperor Taizu. The symbolism of the city was meant to secure the political legitimacy of the new Emperor Gaozong, who was crowned emperor of China in Shangqiu on June 12, 1127. The capital was again moved in 1128 to Yangzhou, and finally to Hangzhou in 1129. In the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, Shangqiu was governed as Guide Prefecture (歸德府). The current name appeared in 1545, when a new Shangqiu County was created to administer the city and its surrounding areas.

### Climate

Shangqiu is located at the junction of Henan Province, Shandong Province, Jiangsu Province and Anhui province. It has a warm temperate sub-humid monsoon climate with four distinct seasons, sufficient light, mild climate and moderate rainfall. The spring is warm and windy, the summer is hot and rainy, the autumn is cool and the sunshine is long, and the winter is cold and less rain and snow. The annual average temperature here is about 14℃, the annual average sunshine duration is 2200-2400 hours, the annual precipitation is about 700 mm, and the frost-free period is between 207-214 days. The best time to visit is spring and autumn.

## Get in
### By train

Shangqiu is one of the large railway hubs in China. The Longhai Railway (Lianyungang - Lanzhou), Jingjiu Railway (Beijing - Kowloon), Xulan High-speed Railway (Xuzhou - Lanzhou) and the under-construction Shanghang High-speed Railway (Shangqiu - Hangzhou) pass Shangqiu. Shangqiu has railway connections to nearly all major cities in China.
Shangqiu has two railway stations. When you ride a train, be careful about which station you should go, because the distance between the two stations is 8 km and can take you more than 30 minutes by bus or 15 minutes by taxi from one station to the other.
34.444184115.6570551 Shangqiu Railway Station (商丘火车站), Zhanqian Road, Liangyuan District. The main railway station in Shangqiu. On the Longhai and Xulan High-speed Railway. (updated Apr 2019)
34.408758115.7052532 Shangqiu South Railway Station (商丘南站), Nanjing Road, Liangyuan District. The relatively smaller railway station in Shangqiu. Mainly serves the train along Jingjiu Railway. (updated Apr 2019)

### By bus

Long-distance buses arrive Shangqiu frequently from nearby major cities such as Zhengzhou and Xuzhou and smaller cities such as Zhoukou, Bozhou, Heze and Kaifeng. You can buy a ticket from the long-distance bus station or wave to the passby buses on their route.
34.442849115.6580473 Shangqiu Central Bus Station (商丘中心汽车站, 303汽车站), Zhanqian Road, Liangyuan District. Just across the Zhanqian Road from Shangqiu Railway Station. The first choice for passengers to transfer from train to bus. (updated Apr 2019)
34.435348115.647524 Shangqiu Main Bus Station (商丘客运总站), Kaixuan Road, Liangyuan District. The older long-distance bus station. (updated Apr 2019)
34.437625115.669955 Shangqiu Wanli Bus Station (商丘万里汽车站), Zhongzhou Road, Liangyuan District. Local buses service to nearby small cities and towns. (updated Apr 2019)

## Get around
### By bus

All the long-distance bus stations serve to the counties under the administration of Shangqiu.
City bus service is available in Liangyuan and Suiyang districts. Majority of the bus routes pass Shangqiu Railway Station, so it is nearly possible to go to any places with only one transfer there. But miserably, there is a lacking of direct bus routes for the same area in the city. Therefore, even two places are on the same side of the city, you still have to go to downtown to transfer at the railway station.

### By taxi

Shangqiu City taxi starts at 5 yuan, including 2 kilometers. More than 2 kilometers, 1 yuan per kilometer, more than 10 kilometers, 1.5 yuan per kilometer.

### By bicycle

Shared bicycles are available across downtown and major towns in counties.

## See

* 33.923114116.3926361 Sun Moon Lake (日月湖), 中国商丘市永城市 邮政编码: 476600. Sun Moon Lake is located between the east and Xicheng districts of Yongcheng City, Henan Province, China. It consists of two lakes, one round like the sun and the other slightly longer like the moon. It is named Sun Moon Lake. (updated Oct 2023)

### Downtown

34.386682115.6183152 The Ancient City of Shangqiu (商丘古城). The origin of Shangqiu and has a history of over 4,000 years. The present buildings on the ground were mainly built in Ming Dynasty, and most of the buildings before Ming Dynasty are buried because of flooding of the Yellow River. It is surrounded by moat called Southern Lake (南湖). The main attractions include City Wall (城墙), Gongyang Gate (拱阳门), Gongchen Gate (拱辰门), Zhangxun Temple (张巡祠), Yingtian Academy (应天书院), Zhanghui Hall (壮悔堂) and Mu's Siheyuan (穆氏四合院). (updated Apr 2019)
34.365517115.5914063 Ebo Temple (火神台). The temple that sacrifices the god of fire, who is also the ancestry of Shang's people. The name of "Shangqiu" origins from here (Shang = Shang's people; Qiu = small hill, where this temple is built). (updated Apr 2019)
34.365195115.594254 Shangqiu Museum (商丘博物馆). The main museum of Shangqiu. Introduce the history of Shangqiu. (updated Apr 2019)
34.369454115.61335 Zhang Xun Memorial Temple (张巡祠), ☏ +86 370-6099989. Located at the south gate of the ancient city of Shangqiu, it was built in memory of Zhang Xun, the hero who was martyred to defend Suiyang in the "An Shi Rebellion". The hall was built in 1990, covering an area of 40,700 square meters, 370 meters long from north to south, 100 meters wide from east to west, from south to north for the square area, building area and cemetery garden area three parts, the whole building is magnificent, majestic, is the central Plains area of the largest imitation Tang architecture. ¥100. (updated Sep 2023)

### Inner suburbs

34.560777115.6171736 Huanghegudao National Forest Park (黄河故道国家森林公园). The Yellow River flew through here before 1855. Now it is a popular recreation area for all Shangqiu citizens. (updated Apr 2019)
* 34.37421115.6745977 Good People Theme Park (好人主题公园). 00:00-24:00. Shangqiu Good People Theme Park was established in November 2017. According to the context of Shangqiu good people's cultural development and inheritance, it is divided into three regions: image display area, cultural development area and historical inheritance area. (updated Dec 2023)
* 34.378061115.6502068 Songcheng Park (宋城公园). 00:00-24:00. Songcheng Park covers an area of 6.4 hectares, is a good place for citizens to relax.The recommended length is about 2-3 hours. free. (updated Dec 2023)

### Outer suburbs and counties

34.191429116.5002649 Mangdang Mountain (芒砀山), Yongcheng. The only natural hills in Shangqiu, with the highest altitude of 156.8 meters. Clustered tombs of the kings of State of Liang in Han Dynasty. Many delicacy cultural relics were excavated and reserved in the museum nearby and Henan Museum in Zhengzhou. (updated Apr 2019)
34.104696115.79337410 Homeland of Mulan (木兰故里), Yucheng. The homeland of Hua Mulan (花木兰). (updated Apr 2019)
34.661173115.15661311 Homeland of Zhuangzi (庄子故里), Minquan. The homeland of Zhuangzi (庄子). (updated Apr 2019)
34.437036115.0687612 Fengcheng Lake (凤城湖), Sui County. The county seat of Sui County before Qing Dynasty, flooded by the Yellow River and became a lake. Good resort place for citizens in Sui County. The tomb of Duke Xiang of Song (宋襄公) is on the island of the lake. (updated Apr 2019)

## Do

* Yingtian Academy（应天书院）： is a famous scenic spot in Shangqiu and one of the four major academies in the Northern Song Dynasty. It was established by Yangque, a Shangqiu man in the later Jin period of the five dynasties, and has a long history. Yingtian Academy was once one of the most influential universities in the Northern Song Dynasty, attracting many scholars and scholars to study. At the same time, there are many new buildings nearby and the academy complement each other, the environment is beautiful.
* The old city of the Song Dynasty（宋国故城）： is a well-preserved ancient site. There are many ancient houses here, such as the ruins of the capital city of Ji Fa's crusade against Di Xin, as well as the former sites of the logistics organs of the General Front Committee of the Huaihai Campaign and so on. These monuments can let people know the history and culture of the Song Dynasty.

## Buy

* Zhanggong wine（张弓酒）：It is an independent industrial zone approved by The State Council, located in the northern part of Xinxiang City and the foothills of Fenghuang Mountain, the remnant of Taihang Mountain.
* Ningling Jinding Xiehua Pear（宁陵金顶谢花梨）： is one of the special fruits in Shangqiu City, and it is also the product of China's National Geographic Indication. Golden yellow in color, the skin is delicate, the flesh is crisp, and the taste is sweet and juicy. If you like pears, you can buy some home.
* Zhecheng pepper（柘城辣椒）：also known as Zhecheng three cherry pepper, is a specialty of Shangqiu City, Henan Province. Zhecheng Pepper is also one of the "Top Ten pepper in China" selected by the China Vegetable Circulation Association. It has high nutritional value and medicinal value. Give it to your friends as a companion gift.
* Songzhou liubian（松州柳编）： is a traditional handicraft in Shangqiu City, Henan province. Because the local wicker weaving products began in Song Dynasty, it is called Songzhou wicker weaving. Song Zhou willow used Wicker branches are uniform and slender, tough and white, suitable for making a variety of daily utensils and crafts fruit baskets, seats, bookshelves and so on.Is to Henan Shangqiu must bring one of the 10 local specialties recommended, very suitable for gifts to relatives and friends.

## Eat

* 34.41642115.6346741 Yucheng laoliu dry pot duck (虞城老六专业干锅鸭手撕鸡), 中国河南省商丘市睢阳区长江路 邮政编码: 476000. (updated Oct 2023)
* 34.41679115.6578482 Zhongshan Hu spicy soup (方中山胡辣汤), 中国河南省商丘市梁园区长江路 邮政编码: 476002. (updated Oct 2023)
* 34.419832115.6591233 Xijiekou Majia steamed bun shop (西街口马家包子店), 中国河南省商丘市梁园区归德路 邮政编码: 476002. (updated Oct 2023)
* Yundingyue hot pot34.42072115.6621974 Yundingyue hot pot (云鼎岳火锅), ☏ +86 370 17603701818. 10:00-23:00. Special hotpot restaurant with a variety of fresh ingredients. (updated Oct 2023)
* 34.407928115.6648415 Haidilao Hot Pot (海底捞). 9：00-7:00. It is a large-scale cross-province direct catering brand hot pot restaurant that mainly manages Sichuan flavor hot pot and integrates the characteristics of hot pot around the country. (updated Dec 2023)

## Drink

* 34.43666115.6259921 Guming (古茗). The store has a variety of milk tea. (updated Dec 2023)

## Sleep

* 34.354633115.6479561 Xinhua Jianguo Hotel (商丘信华建国酒店), ☏ +86-370-357888. Check-in: 14:00, check-out: 12:00. It opened in 2018. The hotel is shaped like a bird. The hotel has 332 rooms of various types, 5 Chinese and Western restaurants and banquet halls of different styles, as well as a fully functional recreation center. There are laundry service, swimming pool, gym, cafe as well as free parking and wifi. double room from ¥424. (updated Oct 2023)
* 34.379401115.6495682 Metropark Ruihua International Hotel (瑞华维景国际大酒店), 中国商丘市睢阳区神火大道288号 邮政编码: 476000, ☏ +86 3703799999. Check-in: 14:00, check-out: 12:00. Guests praised the hospitality and professional service of the staff. Guests spoke highly of the front desk staff. ₩57，474. (updated Oct 2023)
* 34.39986115.659013 Vienna Hotels (维也纳酒店), CN 河南省 商丘市 睢阳区 16, 中国476100, ☏ +86 3703292666. Check-in: 14:00, check-out: 12:00. (updated Oct 2023)
* 34.38709115.6519554 The Keriad Hotel (凯里亚德酒店). Check-in: 14:00, check-out: 12:00. The hotel has 137 rooms. Hotel facilities, catering, self-service washing machine, conference room and so on, has 3 conference room space can accommodate 20-200 people.Free parking and wifi available. (updated Dec 2023)
* 34.366772115.6707425 National Exhibition Greenfield platinum Hotel (国展绿地铂派酒店). Check-in: 14:00, check-out: 12:00. The hotel has 210 rooms. Rooms range in size from 27-81 square meters, with all-day restaurant, lobby, gym, self-laundry, self-supermarket and other supporting facilities. Free parking and wifi are available. (updated Dec 2023)
* 34.441271115.6426976 The Magnolia Hotel (白玉兰酒店). Check-in: 14:00, check-out: 12:00. The hotel has 117 rooms. The hotel offers shuttle service, free parking, a meeting room and 24-hour room service. 163¥. (updated Dec 2023)
* 34.423914115.6593217 Kingston Hotel (金士顿国际假日酒店). Check-in: 14:00, check-out: 12:00. The hotel has 136 rooms.The hotel offers ground floor, underground parking, oversized bathtub, free WiFi. The buffet restaurant provides specialty food of Shangqiu, the hotel also provides reservation service, luggage storage service. 166¥. (updated Dec 2023)
* 34.424244115.6477228 Orange Hotel (桔子酒店). Check-in: 14:00, check-out: 12:00. The hotel offers free toiletries, free parking, free gym and laundry service. 276¥. (updated Dec 2023)
* 34.424527115.6508439 Hanting Hotel (汉庭酒店). Check-in: 14:00, check-out: 12:00. The hotel offers free toiletries, free parking, free gym and laundry service. 175¥. (updated Dec 2023)

## Connect

Shangqiu, located at the junction of Henan, Shandong, Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, is the eastern gate of Henan Province. Shangqiu looks to Huaibei in Anhui Province and Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province in the east, Kaifeng in Henan Province in the west, Zhoukou in Henan Province and Bozhou in Anhui province in the south, and Heze and Jining in Shandong Province in the north.

## Go next

* Kaifeng, one of the ancient capitals in China. One-hour ride of high-speed railway or two-hour ride of normal railway west from Shangqiu.
* Zhengzhou, the capital of Henan Province. 1½-hour ride of high-speed railway or 2½-hour ride of normal railway west from Shangqiu.
* Xuzhou, the center city of Huaihai District, famous for its culture of Han Dynasty. Half-hour ride of high-speed railway or 1½-hour ride of normal railway east from Shangqiu.
* Jining, the homeland of Kongzi (Qufu) and Mengzi (Zoucheng). Ride the bus from Shangqiu Central Bus Station.