# Lassen Volcanic National Park

Lassen Volcanic National Park is a United States national park that is at the southern terminus of the Cascade Mountains in the Shasta Cascades region of California, approximately 50 miles east of Redding. Within the park's 165 m$^2$ (1,780 ft²) (106,000 acres are numerous volcanic features including four types of volcanoes, steam vents, mud pots, and painted dunes. In addition, with nearly 79,000 acres designated as wilderness area and fewer than 400,000 visitors per year, the park is an ideal place for a nature getaway. It's slightly off the beaten track so typically much less crowded than the flagship Western US national parks such as Yosemite, Yellowstone, and Zion.

## Understand
### History

Lassen Peak National Monument was established by proclamation of President Theodore Roosevelt on 6 May 1907 to be administered by the U.S. Forest Service. Volcanic eruptions from Lassen Peak in 1914 and 1915 resulted in national publicity. The two monuments and surrounding areas were included in Lassen Volcanic National Park, established in 1916, administered by the National Park Service of the Interior.

### Landscape

Beneath Lassen Volcanic's peaceful forests and gem-like lakes lies evidence of a turbulent and fiery past. 600,000 years ago, the collision and warping of continental plates led to violent eruptions and the formation of lofty Mount Tehama (also called Brokeoff Volcano.) After 200,000 years of volcanic activity, vents and smaller volcanoes on Tehama's flanks-including Lassen Peak-drew magma away from the main cone. Hydrothermal areas ate away at the great mountain's bulk. Beneath the onslaught of Ice Age glaciers, Mount Tehama crumbled and finally ceased to exist. But the volcanic landscape lived on: in 1914, Lassen Peak awoke. The peak had its most significant activity in 1915 and minor activity through 1921.
All four types of volcanoes in the world are found in the park. Over 150 miles of trails and a culturally significant scenic highway provide access to volcanic wonders including steam vents, mudpots, boiling pools, volcanic peaks, and painted dunes.

### Flora and fauna

Although Lassen is primarily known for its volcanic geology, the park boasts a rich diversity of plant and animal life. Over 700 flowering plant species grace the park, providing shelter and food for 250 vertebrates as well as a host of invertebrates including insects.
This great diversity of life forms is due to two factors: the location of the park and the abundance of habitats that occur there.
At the southern end of the Cascade Range geologic province, Lassen Volcanic National Park lies at the crossroads of three great biological provinces: the Cascades range to the north, the Sierra Nevada mountains to the south and the Great Basin desert to the east.
The myriad habitats of Lassen Volcanic National Park are produced by variations in environmental conditions such as elevation (5,000 to 10,457 feet), moisture (precipitation is greater on the western than the eastern side of the park), substrate (rock type and soil depth), temperature, insolation (amount of sun) and prior disturbance (both natural and human-caused).

### Climate

Snow covers much of the park mid-October through mid-June. The Park Road (the main road that connects Hwy. 89 through the park) is usually closed late October through mid-June. During years of heavy snowfall, the road may open significantly later. Please call the park for road and trail condition updates. Many of the main park attractions are snow covered and inaccessible by car and foot during the winter. July, August, and September may bring mostly sunny skies with warm daytime temperatures and cool night time temperatures.

### Visitor information

* Park website
* 40.4377-121.53341 Kohm Yah-mah-nee Visitor Center (near the southwest entrance station). Year-round visitor center includes an exhibit hall, auditorium, amphitheater, Lassen Association store, dining area with fireplace, patio, gift shop and cafe. (updated Jun 2020)

## Get in
### By plane

The nearest major airports are in Redding and Chico. The closest major airport is on I-5 in Sacramento with additional options in Reno.

### By car

The best access to the park is by private automobile. Auto rental services are available in Redding, Red Bluff, Chico, Susanville or Reno. The park is 50 miles east of Red Bluff on highway 36, and 50 miles east of Redding on the Lassen Peak Highway, California Route 44.

### By bus

Greyhound and Trailways bus lines serve cities within 60 miles of the park, although neither visits the park.

### By foot

The Pacific Crest Trail (PCT) is a well-known trail that extends along the West coast of the United States, from Mexico to Canada. It passes through California, Oregon, and Washington State.

## Fees and permits

Entrances fees are valid for seven days, allowing unlimited re-entry for the week. Fees as of 2020 are:
* $10 - Winter Pass
* $15 - Individual Entrance Pass (individual on foot/bike)
* $25 - Motorcycle Pass
* $30 - Vehicle Pass (non-commercial vehicles only)
* $55 - Lassen Annual Pass
There are several passes for groups traveling together in a private vehicle or individuals on foot/bike that provide free entry to Lassen Volcanic National Park and all national parks, as well as some national monuments, national wildlife refuges, and national forests:
* The $80 Annual Pass (valid for twelve months from date of issue) can be purchased by anyone. Military personnel can obtain a free pass by showing a Common Access Card (CAC) or Military ID.
* The $80 Senior Pass (valid for the life of the holder) is available to U.S. citizens or permanent residents age 62 or over. Applicants must provide documentation of citizenship and age. This pass also provides a 50% discount on some park amenities. Seniors can also obtain a $20 annual pass.
* The free Access Pass (valid for the life of the holder) is available to U.S. citizens or permanent residents with permanent disabilities. Applicants must provide documentation of citizenship and permanent disability. This pass also provides a fifty percent discount on some park amenities.
* The free Volunteer Pass is available to individuals who have volunteered 250 or more hours with federal agencies that participate in the Interagency Pass Program.
* The free Annual 4th Grade Pass (valid for September to August of the 4th grade school year) allows entry to the bearer and any accompanying passengers in a private non-commercial vehicle. Registration at the Every Kid Outdoors website is required.
The National Park Service offers free admission to all national parks on five days every year:
* Martin Luther King Jr. Day (third Monday in January); next observance is January 20, 2025
* The first day of National Park Week (third Saturday in April); next observance is April 19, 2025
* The National Park Service Birthday (August 25)
* National Public Lands Day (fourth Saturday in September); next observance is September 28, 2024
* Veterans Day (November 11)

## Get around

The main roads in the park are paved, although many are closed by snow except from June until September. Allow at least three hours to drive across the park and to make stops. Current road conditions are available online.

## See
### Museum

* 40.5361-121.56321 Loomis Museum (near the northwest entrance). The historic museum is located one mile from the northwest entrance of the park near Manzanita Lake. The museum is only open during the summer months. Visit for information, to view exhibits and the park film, shop at the educational bookstore, or participate in a ranger-led program. (updated Jun 2020)

### Natural Areas

* 40.44873-121.535872 Sulphur Works. On Highway 89, about one mile +(1.6 km) north of the Southwest Entrance. A small geothermal area with mudpots, fumaroles and hot water flow. Its small parking lot is right on the highway. A boardwalk allows for closer viewing of the features.
* 40.515957-121.4650743 Devastated Area. In the north section of the park on Highway 89. This area was in the path of the pyroclastic flow from Lassen's eruption. All of the vegetation in the area was destroyed by hurricane force winds and burning hot gasses and mud. Since the eruption, the area is regrowing but there is still ample evidence of the destruction. A short, fairly level interpretive trail points out the results of the devastation and the subsequent natural recovery process.

## Do

* 40.457382-121.5030361 Hike to Bumpass Hell. On Highway 89, near Lassen Peak. This is the largest geothermal area in the park and features boiling pools, mudpots and roaring fumaroles seen from a wooden boardwalk. A large parking lot is found at the trailhead to Bumpass Hell. The geothermal area can be reached via a 3-mile (4.8 km) hiking trail. The trail has a 300 foot (91 m) elevation gain/loss. The elevation of the trail is around 8,000 feet (2,430 m) so care should be taken if you are not used to high altitudes. The trail is buried under snow until late spring, sometimes till mid-summer, depending on the previous winter's snowfall.
* 40.488056-121.5052 Climb Lassen Peak. The high mountain pass of Highway 89 allows easy access to the summit of Lassen Peak. The 2.5-mile (4 km) trail to the summit begins from a parking lot on the highway. The trip to the peak and back is a total of five miles (8 km) with a climb of about 2,000 feet (610 m). The average time for the round trip is 3-5 hours. The elevation of the trail is from 8,000 feet (2,430 m) to 10,457 feet (3,187 m) so care should be taken if you are not used to high altitudes.
* Fishing. Fishing is allowed in Manzanita Lake, just inside the West Entrance, Juniper Lake in the southeast corner of the Park (reached via unpaved road from the town Chester) and Butte Lake in the northeast corner of the Park (reached unpaved road from Highway 44). All three lakes allow fishing from the shore or from a boat. All three have a boat launch ramp. A California fishing license is required. The lakes have natural trout populations. Only single-hook, barbless, artificial lures are allowed in Manzanita Lake. (updated Dec 2019)
* 40.547386-121.3199723 Climb Cinder Cone. In the Butte Lake area in the northern part of the park, this extinct volcano is a perfect cone that looks like what you think a volcano should look like, complete with a hole in the middle you can walk down into. The trip to the top and back is about four miles (6.5 km) with a short but really steep climb at the end of about 500(?) feet (310 m) up the side of the cone itself on really loose sand-like material (coming down is easy - and fun, like skating on sand). From the top you can see the old lava flows of the "Devastated Area" of the park. The average time for the round trip is 4 hours. Very sunny, so bring lots of water, and wear a decent pair of boots as the pumice that makes up the cone is not kind to your feet.

## Eat

There are few options within the park, but the neighboring towns offer a handful of stores and restaurants.
* Manzanita Lake Camper Store, ☏ +1 530 335-7557. At Manzanita Lake and open daily from late May through early September, this store offers food, restrooms, pay phone, showers, laundromat, and a gas station.
* Peak Necessities. In the Lassen Peak parking area and open daily from mid-June through early September, this store offers food and gift sales.
* 40.43777-121.535961 Lassen Chalet Gift Shop & Snack Bar (inside the Kohm Yah-mah-nee Visitor Center). This store offers snacks and gifts during the summer and fall season. Open only on weekends in April and May.

## Sleep

Additional lodging options may be found outside of the park in the town of Mill Creek.

### Lodging

* 40.44419-121.406021 Drakesbad Guest Ranch, ☏ +1 530 529-1512. Open early June through early October, weather permitting. Drakesbad Guest Ranch is a ranch that is over 100 years old, with baths and pool fed by local hot springs. Accommodations are rustic (most without electricity) and include a bathroom, beds, use of pool, three meals and housekeeping. Rates (per person) start around $110 per night.

### Camping

* 40.5649-121.30562 Butte Lake (six miles south of highway 44 at the end of the Butte Lake road), toll-free: +1-877-444-6777. (Open June through September, weather permitting). 101 sites, 6 group sites. 54 sites can be reserved in advance, 47 sites are first-come, first-served. Accessible via a six mile long dirt road, this remote campground offers a few amenities, but numerous recreation opportunities. Enjoy a hike up Cinder Cone, a dip in Bathtub Lake or a paddle along Butte Lake's lava rock shores. Amenities include a picnic table, campfire ring, bearproof box, drinking water, flush and vault toilets, boat launch, fishing, and swimming (no hookups or dump station). Each site accommodates up to three tents or one RV to 35' with a limit of 6 people at each site. Reservations are available for loop B sites, all others are first-come, first-served. $15 Campsite (dry), $22 Campsite, $62 Group Campsite (2020 rates). (updated Jun 2020)
* 40.56381-121.521983 Crags. (Open late May through September, weather permitting). 5 miles south of Manzanita Lake, this campground offers 45 sites for $12 per night. Amenities include a picnic table, campfire ring, bearproof box, vault toilets, and drinking water (no hookups or dump station). Each site accommodates up to three tents or one RV to 35' with a limit of 6 people at each site. All sites are first-come, first-served.
* 40.4491-121.2984 Juniper Lake (On the east shore of Juniper Lake via 13-mile road the campground. Accessible from the town of Chester on Highway 36 East - look for signs to Drakesbad and Juniper Lake, at the Chester Fire Station, turn onto Feather River Drive, then after about a half mile, bear right and follow signs to Juniper Lake.). (Open July through September, weather permitting). 18 sites, 2 group sites. Amenities including a picnic table, campfire ring, bearproof box, vault toilets, swimming, and fishing (no water, hookups or dump station). Each site accommodates up to three tents (no RVs) with a limit 6 people at each site. All sites are first-come, first-served. The last 6 miles into Juniper Lake is rough dirt road and not recommended for buses, motor homes or trailers. $12 Campsite, $30 Stock Corral, $32 Group Campsite (2020 rates). (updated Jun 2020)
* 40.52917-121.566085 Manzanita Lake, toll-free: +1-877-444-6777. Open late May through September, weather permitting. Adjacent to and south of Manzanita Lake, this campground has 179 sites for $16 per night during summer, and $10 per night in late September. Amenities include a picnic table, campfire ring, bearproof box, drinking water, flush toilets, drinking water, boat launch, fishing, and swimming (no hookups, dump station available for an extra fee). There is a pay phone, food, showers, laundromat, and gift shop in the nearby at the Camper Store. Each site accommodates up to three tents or one RV to 35 ft with a limit of 6 people at each site. Reservations are available for loop A & C, with all other sites first-come, first-served.
* 40.43864-121.534446 Southwest Walk-In. (Open year-round). On the east side of Visitor Center parking area (near Southwest Entrance Station). This campground has 21 walk-in sites for $10 per night. Amenities include a picnic table, campfire ring, bearproof box, flush toilets, and drinking water (not available April through June). Each site accommodates up to three tents with a limit of 6 people at each site. All sites are first-come, first-served.
* 40.4936-121.426357 Summit Lake North, toll-free: +1-877-444-6777. Open July through early September, weather permitting. 12 miles south of Manzanita Lake and 17.5 miles north of Southwest Entrance, this campground offers 46 sites for $16 per night. Amenities include a picnic table, campfire ring, bearproof box, drinking water, flush toilets, drinking water, and swimming (no hookups or dump station). Each site accommodates up to three tents or one RV to 35 ft with a limit of 6 people at each site. Reservations are available for loop B, with all other sites first-come, first-served.
* 40.49211-121.426318 Summit Lake South, toll-free: +1-877-444-6777. Open July through September, weather permitting. 12 miles south of Manzanita Lake and 17.5 miles north of Southwest Entrance, this campground offers 48 sites for $14 per night. Amenities include a picnic table, campfire ring, bearproof box, drinking water, pit toilets, drinking water, and swimming (no hookups or dump station). Each site accommodates up to three tents with a limit of 6 people at each site. Reservations are available in loops C & D, with all other sites first-come, first-served.
* 40.44226-121.395699 Warner Valley. (Open June through September, weather permitting). 1 mile west of Warner Valley Ranger Station via dirt road, and 17 miles north of Chester, this campground is not recommended for trailers. The 18 sites are $14 per night in the summer, and $10 at other times. Amenities include a picnic table, campfire ring, bearproof box, drinking water (mid-June through September only), pit toilets, and fishing in the stream. Each site accommodates up to three tents with a limit of 6 people at each site. No reservations are available.

### Backcountry
## Stay safe

The majority of the park is at high elevations so care should be taken to avoid altitude sickness.
Always stay on the paths and trails around geothermal areas. This mineral crusts can form over mudpots and hot springs that appear to be solid ground. These crusts can collapse leading to immersion in boiling water. The Bumpass Hell geothermal area is named for a man who broke through a crust and ended up having his leg amputated due to the burns he sustained.

## Go next

* Subway Cave. Near the town of Old Station, 1/4 mile (0.4 km) north of the junction of Highways 44 and 89. Subway Cave is a lava tube formed 20,000 years ago. A 1/3 mile (0.5 km), self-guided trail leads through 1,300 feet (396 m) of the lava tube. The lava tube has interpretive signs but is not lit so flashlights are required. The floor is rough and uneven and the temperature is 46°F (7.8°C) year round. Sturdy shoes and warm clothing are recommended. Free.
* Red Bluff - Offers many restaurants and lodging options. About 50 miles west of the park on Highway 36.
* Mill Creek - Just south of the park on Highway 172.