# Livermore

Livermore is a suburban city in the East Bay region of the San Francisco Bay Area. Like its neighbor Pleasanton, it lies in the Tri-Valley region; however, Livermore is closer to the Altamont Pass, which separates the Tri-Valley from the vast San Joaquin Valley.

## Understand

Livermore is a city with nearly 100,000 inhabitants. The city is known for the two laboratories on the eastern side of the city, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Sandia National Laboratory. (Element #116 on the periodic table of elements, Livermorium, is named after the Lawrence Livermore Laboratory.) The city is also in the oil industry, but on a much smaller scale.
Livermore is home to local wineries, excellent scenery, and many parks and trails. The wine country south of the city is dominated by Wente Vineyards and a few other wineries, which vary from factory-like wine tasting destinations to country houses. Livermore wine country, particularly along Tesla Road on the southeast side of the city, tends to have an authentic country feel, highlighted by the hills and mountains surrounding the Tri-Valley and the parks that are scattered through these hills, along with many ranches that have survived the tech boom, the addition of the laboratories, and the success of the wine industry.

### Geography

The Livermore Valley is about 30 miles (48 km) east of the first coastal range of foot hills that surround the San Francisco Bay Area. The Livermore Valley has an east-west orientation with mountain passes on the west and east connecting the Bay Area and the Central Valley. The passes are used by railroads and highways to connect the two regions. Livermore Valley is about 15 miles (24 km) long (east to west), 10 miles (16 km) wide (north to south), and surrounded by California coastal range mountains and foothills.
To the south of Livermore is a large area with rugged, mountainous terrain, with elevations steadily increasing the farther south one goes. This region is the location of Lake Del Valle and, much farther south, Mount Hamilton. The mountains south of Del Valle are located on long ridges that vary from 2,000 to 4,500 feet in height above sea level.
The mountains to the north are generally not as high as those to the south; however, Mount Diablo is nearly 4,000 feet high and most of this height is prominence.

### History

Livermore was founded by William Mendenhall and named after Robert Livermore, his friend and a local rancher who settled in the area in the 1840s. Like Livermore's neighbor Pleasanton, the city was fairly small until the 1950s, when its population nearly tripled to 16,000. It has continued to grow steadily and now has a population of about 90,000.
Livermore has the longest-burning incandescent light bulb in the world, which was installed at a local firehouse over a hundred years ago and is still burning today.
It was a location in the 1976 Chowchilla Kidnapping. In this incident, three kidnappers imprisoned twenty-six children, who had been on a field trip, in a buried box truck within a quarry in Shadow Cliffs, a rural area between Pleasanton and Livermore. The children and the bus driver, who was also a victim of the kidnapping, managed to escape and the criminals were arrested; the event is among the most notable in the region's history.

### Climate

Livermore has a Mediterranean climate, although it is close to a semi-arid climate because of its relatively low annual precipitation. It features warm to hot, dry summers and mild to cool, wet winters (Köppen climate classification Csa). Summer (June–October) daytime temperatures average in the 75 to 85 °F (24 to 29 °C) range, but sometimes reach 100 °F (38 °C) and can occasionally approach 110 °F (43 °C). Summer nights, however, are normally much cooler, with lows in the 50 to 60 °F (10 to 16 °C) range.
Usually, there is a strong evening wind in the summer that brings cool air off the Pacific Ocean into the Livermore valley as it heads towards the much hotter Central Valley. This wind is strong enough with an average summer wind speed of about 9 miles per hour (14 km/h) and predictable enough to make the Livermore hills covered with wind turbines mounted in Altamont Pass. The period from June to September is extremely dry and is characterized by clear skies, but in late summer, subtropical moisture occasionally surges into the Livermore Valley, bringing high humidity, monsoon clouds, and, much less commonly, thunderstorms.

## Get in
### By car

Interstate 580 is the city's main highway, and it connects Livermore to the cities of Tracy, Pleasanton, Dublin, Hayward, Oakland, and other Bay Area cities. Livermore is a short drive from San Jose during good traffic; but during bad traffic, however, the seemingly short distance from San Jose to Livermore can become a more than two hours' drive.
CA State Route 84 is another major route in the area, connecting Livermore to I-680 and Fremont. California State Route 84 has its ends on the Pacific Coast and Sacramento - but don't be fooled, there is a gap on Route 84 between Livermore and the Sacramento Delta region. The best way to travel from the Sacramento Delta to Livermore is by taking Vasco Road, which is now a major highway.
Several country roads also connect Livermore with its eastern neighbor, Tracy. These roads are generally one-lane or two-lane and are not designed to take fast and heavy traffic, but if you want to enjoy your drive into Livermore at a leisurely pace, are good options for getting into the city. They include Altamont Pass Road, Tesla Road, and Patterson Pass Road.

### By BART

The nearest BART stations are 37.701589-121.8977351 Dublin/Pleasanton and 37.699734-121.9282262 West Dublin/Pleasanton. However, both of these stations are a few miles west of Livermore, so you would probably want to take a WHEELS bus from these BART stations to Livermore.
Visit the BART website for train details. BART trains connect cities in the Bay Area, and run to San Francisco and Oakland.

### By train

There is also a train station for the Altamont Commuter Express (ACE) train in Livermore. The train takes you to Fremont and San Jose, or to Stockton via the Altamont Pass.

### By air

Livermore has a general aviation airport, although it's for local flights, not commercial jets. There are major airports in San Jose — SJC, San Francisco — SFO, and Oakland — OAK — that you should use. San Francisco Airport is the best for international flights, but for domestic flights go to either San Jose or Oakland, since these airports are smaller and, especially in the case of Oakland, closer to Livermore.

## Get around
### By car

There are several major roads in town, including First Street, Portola Avenue, and Jack London Boulevard. However, driving in Livermore can be difficult - many of the intersections (especially near downtown) are at odd angles.
To get across Livermore via the downtown, you have to take two separate but intersecting roads: from the western end of town to the city center, take Stanley Boulevard (also known as Railroad Avenue). From the eastern end of town to the city center, take First Street, which begins in Springtown and continues southwest into the city center.
Livermore Avenue is a 2-to-4 lane road that crosses Livermore from north to south. Its northern end is near Morgan Territory, and the road turns into Tesla Road near Concannon Winery.

### By bus

WHEELS is a local bus service that will take you to local towns.

### By bicycle

Livermore has a network of paved cycling trails. These are excellent in themselves, but their downside is that only a handful of them actually go into the main Livermore downtown area; the most of the bicycle trail network goes around the Livermore wine country, not in downtown. In short, Livermore's bicycle network is design primarily for recreational purposes, not transportation purposes.

### By foot

Livermore's paved bicycle trails may be used by pedestrians as well as cyclists.

## See

Livermore, like much of the Tri-Valley, includes many notable sights, varying from rows of vineyards to science labs to historic buildings. Areas to the north and south of Livermore feature the area's rolling hills and chaparral country, while the city includes a main street (called First Street) with a beautiful line of plants and several interesting buildings.
* 37.68-121.7391 Centennial Light, 4550 East Avenue (inside Livermore Fire Station No. 6; ring the bell at the rear of the station to see if someone is on hand to let you see it), ☏ +1 925 422-4599. The Centennial Light, the world's longest-lasting light bulb, used to be a 30-watt or 60-watt bulb but now is very dim, emitting about the same light as a 4-watt nightlight. The hand-blown, carbon-filament common light bulb was manufactured in Shelby, Ohio, by the Shelby Electric Company in the late 1890s; many just like it still exist and can be found functioning. The bulb's long life has been attributed to its low power, nearly continuous operation, and dedicated power supply. (updated Mar 2018)
* 37.686-121.70952 Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Ave, ☏ +1 925 422-4599. Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is an American federal research facility, founded by the University of California, Berkeley in 1952. LLNL (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) conducts research into the properties and behavior of plutonium to learn how plutonium performs as it ages and how it behaves under high pressure. A Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC), it is primarily funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and managed and operated by Lawrence Livermore National Security, LLC (LLNS). In 2012, the laboratory had the synthetic chemical element livermorium named after it. Access to Livermore Laboratory is limited. Most of the visitors are school students on field trips, who go to the Discovery Center. (updated Mar 2018)
* 37.82025-121.73383 Los Vaqueros Reservoir, Los Vaqueros Road. Los Vaqueros Reservoir is an expanded reservoir to the north of Livermore. There are hike-able grounds around the lake, although these are sometimes closed for the bald eagles that occasionally settle in the area. The Los Vaqueros watershed comprises 19,300 acres (78 km²) of open space surrounding the 1,500-acre (6.1-km²) reservoir. Water is pumped into the reservoir from a Delta intake on Old River in the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta when salinity is low, and used for drinking water when salinity in the Delta is too high. The Watershed also serves as a weather data collection site for Mallory Ridge weather station located at the top of the ridge above the Marina. The station has a remote access water station (RAWS), which is maintained by the Los Vaqueros Watershed Staff and linked to the National Fire Weather System. Other benefits of the reservoir include water storage for drought or emergencies, a protected open space, and recreation. There are 55 miles (89 km) of hiking trails in the watershed. The watershed is open for fishing, hiking and other activities year-round. Electric rental boats are available, but no outside boats can be launched on the lake. No swimming is allowed in the reservoir. (updated Dec 2017)
* 37.652349-121.7694514 Ravenswood House, 2647 Arroyo Rd. Second and fourth Sunday of each month: noon- 4PM. A historic house now open to the public on certain occasions and run by the Livermore Parks District. (updated Dec 2017)

## Do

Much of Livermore's wild countryside has been purchased by East Bay Parks and other local organizations that buy land for parks.

### Arts centers and theaters

* 37.683398-121.7681861 Bankhead Theater, 2400 First St. It is the main theater in the area, being much larger than the Firehouse Theater in Pleasanton. It was built several years ago, along with a parking structure near downtown. (updated Dec 2017)
* 37.676931-121.7634072 Bothwell Arts Center and Recreation Area, 2466 8th St (Near South Livermore Avenue). A smaller arts center in Livermore where events are organized. There is also a park near the arts center. (updated Dec 2017)
* Livermore Valley Opera. Stages fall and spring productions of famous operas each year.

### Parks and trail networks

* Arroyo del Valle Trail (Sycamore Grove Park). A couple of miles of paved trail through Sycamore Grove Park. It is accessible from either of the two main staging areas.
* 37.746982-121.7082743 Brushy Peak Regional Preserve, 3899 Laughlin Rd (Take Laughlin Road north out of Livermore; by bus, take Wheels route 15 to Garaventa Ranch Rd & Maralisa Ln and walk to Dyer Ranch Trail). Nature reserve with quintessential East Bay landscapes and animals like ground squirrels, lizards, birds, and even rare San Joaquin kit foxes. There are numerous trails into the hills in the park, although you will need special permission to get to the top of Brushy Peak. The West Side Loop Trail is a 2-mile (3-km) loop trail. The eastern side of the loop trail runs through a flat valley (part of Brushy Creek). The trail then turns west, steadily climbing a hill, before it turns south and nears the top of the 1,100 foot (340 m) peak. At this point, it begins to come back down the hill and returns to the staging area. The Brushy Peak Loop Trail is a 4.4-mile (7.1-km) loop that starts at the Laughlin Staging Area. The trail follows an old ranch road past several small ponds. The trail turns here, climbing the side of a hill which is covered in eucalyptus trees. The trail continues to rise, becoming a single track trail. It continues to climb through a region of scattered rocks. While reaching an elevation of 1,340 feet (410 m) over a distance of 2 miles (3.2 km), small oak trees are seen. The narrow trail then goes through a pass and winds down the west side of Brushy Peak. At this point, the trail turns south, winding along Brushy Creek until it reaches the West Side Trail. A collection of shorter trails dominate the southeast section of the park. These trails generally go around hills, reaching elevations of 700 feet (210 m) to 1,000 feet (300 m) over grasslands. Windmills can be seen from these trails. The southernmost trail in this region of the park, the Dyer Ranch Trail, connects with Laughlin Road near Springtown. (updated Mar 2018)Cliffs in Del Valle Regional Park, near Livermore, California
* Del Valle Regional Park. Fairly large park (with camping area) to the south of Livermore. The park largely surrounds Lake Del Valle, an artificial reservoir made in 1968 by damming Arroyo del Valle, a small river. Del Valle Regional Park was then opened to the public in 1970, 36 years after the EBRPD was founded in 1934. Since the reservoir was created, Lake Del Valle has continued to provide a source of recreation for visitors, including hiking, swimming, fishing, and boating. There are lifeguards present at designated swimming areas. The park offers 28 miles (45.1 km) of hiking, horseback, and bicycle trails; about one-fourth of which is called the East Shore Trail. There are also numerous camping sites in the park. It is the eastern gate for the Ohlone Wilderness Trail, which leads to Sunol and Mission Peak Regional Parks. You can reach the Arroyo staging area in the north of the park by traveling along a narrow footpath which connects to Sycamore Grove Park and the general LARPD (Livermore Area Recreation and Park District) trail network, or you can drive toward the park by approaching it from Del Valle Park Road (via Mines Road).
* 37.648569-121.7532074 Livermore Trail Network. Several miles of biking/hiking trails surround the city of Livermore. These go through vineyards and follow ranch lands, as well as following local creeks. The trail network is accessible from the Sycamore Grove Park staging area on Wetmore Road, along with a staging area near Hansen Road at Holdener Park. Two main trails have been created that go around the city of Livermore. The South Livermore Valley Trail extends from Wetmore Road near Sycamore Grove Park, along Wente Street and Concannon Boulevard, ending on Tesla Road at Mines Road. The Arroyo Mocho Trail, which combines City of Livermore and LARPD trail segments, runs from Concannon Boulevard west toward Isabel Avenue. (updated Mar 2018)
* 37.643344-121.7810915 Sycamore Grove Park. Sycamore Grove Park, which connects to Del Valle Regional Park, has several miles of trails through an olive orchard, sycamore groves, a collection of abandoned wineries, and several trails in the hills near Livermore. There are two staging areas for Sycamore Grove Park: one is the Veterans Staging area, which goes through Veterans Memorial Park to connect to Sycamore Grove, and the other is along Wetmore Road. (updated Mar 2018)

## Buy

* 37.6991-121.84471 San Francisco Premium Outlets, 2774 Livermore Outlets Dr., ☏ +1 925 292-2868. Daily 10AM-9PM. (updated Mar 2017)
* There are several stores in the north of town along Las Positas Road.

## Eat

* 37.683285-121.7665551 Backyard Bayou (At the Vineyard), 2491 First Street (Downtown Livermore), ☏ +1 925 579-2858. This is probably the only Cajun-style restaurant in the Tri-Valley. There is a music program that includes some Dixieland music along with other genres. There is one other Backyard Bayou restaurant in Union City. (updated Apr 2018)
* 37.68755-121.78382 Ben's Burgers, 777 Rincon Ave (Head east along Portola Ave. and turn right onto Rincon Ave.), ☏ +1 925 449-3124. 10AM-9PM. (updated Apr 2018)
* 37.679113-121.770663 Casa Orozco, 325 South L Street (A couple blocks south of Livermore downtown), ☏ +1 925 449-3045. (updated Apr 2018)
* 37.6808-121.77084 Donut Wheel, 2017 First St, ☏ +1 925-447-8190. 24-hours. On the corner of First and L Streets, this Livermore staple marks the west entrance to the main downtown area. (updated Dec 2017)
* 37.681447-121.7685155 Strizzi's, 2205 First Street, ☏ +1 925 456-2200. The other Strizzi's Italian restaurants are in Pleasanton and Fremont. (updated Apr 2018)
* 37.680009-121.7746846 Zephyr Grill and Bar, 1736 First St (Downtown Livermore). (updated Dec 2017)
* 37.68253-121.768757 Wingen Bakery, 50 S Livermore Ave, ☏ +1 925-495-4503. W–M 8AM-4PM. Popular bakery and café with sourdough bagels, loose-leaf tea, fresh bread, pastries, sandwiches, and meals. The bakery started as a literal mom-and-pop shop, a cottage bakery run by a couple who sold sourdough bread they baked at home while taking care of their ailing daughter. The bread was so popular, they expanded to a farmers market stall and then a brick-and-mortar restaurant a year later. (updated Jun 2024)

## Drink
### Wineries & vineyards

The Livermore Valley, which contains many wineries, is considered to be wine country and produces some of California's best wines. Livermore is one of the oldest wine producing regions in California, and is home to Concannon, Cresta Blanca, and Wente wineries; all are California Historic Landmarks. Most of the Livermore Valley wineries are just south of the City of Livermore itself.
* 37.649995-121.7019751 Bent Creek Winery, 5455 Greenville Road, ☏ +1 925 455-6320. (updated Apr 2018)
* 37.665977-121.7396662 Concannon Vineyard, 4590 Tesla Rd. Large winery/vineyards in Tesla Road Wine Country. (updated Dec 2017)
* 37.65033-121.6952893 McGrail Vineyards, 5600 Greenville Road, ☏ +1 925 215-0717. (updated Apr 2018)
* 37.66723-121.7358484 Mitchell Katz Winery, 2481 Buena Vista Avenue, ☏ +1 925 454-9463. (updated Apr 2018)
* 37.659172-121.7344075 Murrieta's Well, 3005 Mines Rd, ☏ +1 925 456-2395. (updated Apr 2018)
* 37.67341-121.7504566 Retzlaff Vineyards, 1356 Livermore Avenue (Near civic center), ☏ +1 925 447-8941. Vineyards and wines available; live music program runs year-round. (updated Apr 2018)
* 37.623539-121.7571787 Wente Vineyards, 5050 Arroyo Rd. There is a golf course, restaurant, and winery along Arroyo Road. Wente has a more industrialized location along Tesla Road as well. (updated Dec 2017)

### Coffee shops

* 37.68115-121.769758 Panama Bay Coffee Co., 2115 First St, ☏ +1 925 245-1700.

## Sleep

* 37.7035-121.81521 Courtyard Livermore, 2929 Constitution Dr, ☏ +1 925 243-1000, fax: +1 925 243-1010. (updated Nov 2018)
* 37.6985-121.77482 Hawthorn Suites Livermore Wine Country, 1700 N. Livermore Ave, ☏ +1 925 606-6060, fax: +1 925 606-8050. Complimentary full hot breakfast buffet and free high-speed wireless and DSL internet service. (updated Nov 2018)
* 37.7039-121.81763 Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites, 3000 Constitution Dr, ☏ +1 925 961-9600. (updated Nov 2018)
* 37.7045-121.7414 Motel 6, 4673 Lassen Rd, ☏ +1 925 443-5300, fax: +1 925 606-9347. (updated Nov 2018)
* Sens Suites Livermore, SureStay Collection By Best Western, 1000 Airway Blvd, ☏ +1 925 373-1800.
* 37.7026-121.81675 Hampton Inn Livermore Pleasanton Dublin CA, 2850 Constitution Drive, ☏ +1 925 606-6400, fax: +1 925 606-6410. Breakfast, swimming pool, and high-speed Internet access. (updated Nov 2018)
* 37.6986-121.81596 ExtendedStay America, 2380 Nissen Dr, ☏ +1 925 373-1700, fax: +1 925 373-1710. (updated Nov 2018)
* 37.7155-121.70127 La Quinta Inn & Suites, 7700 Southfront Rd, ☏ +1 925 373-9600. Check-in: 3PM, check-out: noon. (updated Nov 2018)
* 37.6675-121.67668 The Purple Orchid Wine Country Resort & Spa, 4549 Cross Rd, ☏ +1 926 606-8855. A wine country resort with 10 guest rooms featuring an onsite spa, wedding venues, and a pool that overlooks an olive grove. $200-400. (updated Jun 2018)

## Cope

Livermore's main city newspaper is the Independent, but there are other newspapers in the greater East Bay.
In Livermore, there is an important community location: 37.703705-121.8107543 Cornerstone Church. This church has over the years built up a congregation in the thousands and many of the locals attend the church regularly. This makes it a connection for many of the local inhabitants of the Tri-Valley.

## Go next

* Pleasanton – town only a few minutes from Livermore along Stanley Boulevard. Large downtown and historic district with numerous restaurants, hotels, and tourist attractions.
* Tracy – east of Livermore, on the other side of the hills.
* Del Valle Regional Park – sizable park to the south of Livermore with camping area.
* San Jose – 580 West to 680 South. About 1 hour away. Largest city in the area, has numerous museums and attractions.
* San Francisco – 580 West to 80 West. About 50 minutes away. One of the world's most popular tourist destinations.