# Telemark

Telemark is a county in East Norway. It is a rugged area with many big lakes ("inland fjords") and picturesque valleys. The county stretches from the industrial towns along the sea through the forested hills and secluded valleys to the barren, unpopulated Hardangervidda. Most of Norway's ancient wooden buildings are in Telemark. The big contrasts between Norway's industrial heartland and the rugged interior makes Telemark a Norway in miniature. The lakes and valleys of western Telemark resembles the fjords of western Norway.

## Towns

* 59.0588899.68751 Brevik – a seaside town with a Bacallao festival.
* 59.4408338.0019442 Dalen – main village of Tokke Municipality, westernmost endpoint of the Telemark Canal, which made the village a tourist site with one of the largest wooden buildings in Norway, the Dalen Hotel, and a stave church
* 58.8869449.3469443 Kragerø – a seaside town which attracts many tourists in summer. Kragerø is a smallish, friendly town with little wooden houses. Kragerø sits at small, sheltered peninsula surrounded by an archipelago. There are several notable islands in the archipelago and several hundred smaller islands, most available only by boat. There are regular ferries as well as taxi boats. Kragerø is officially an old town, formally granted city privileges in 1666, and was major shipping town during the sailing ship era. Kragerø is the southernmost town in Telemark and often regarded as the northernmost town on the south coast, partly because of its similarity to towns further south. Kragerø does not have much in common with industrial area around Porsgrunn and Brevik.
* 599.754 Langesund – a seaside town with many concerts at Wrightegaarden in summer, also has a fish festival and a sea shanty festival.
* 59.5593289.2592925 Notodden – holds a yearly blues festival in August.
* 59.14199.65686 Porsgrunn – a town with a yearly street theatre festival.
* 59.8811118.5830567 Rjukan – a town deep in a valley that the sun doesn't reach there during winter. Also the home of the Vemork hydroelectric plant, the industrial workers museum and the heavy water sabotage mission during World War II.
* 59.2080619.5527818 Skien – the regional capital and the town where the famous author Henrik Ibsen was born

## Other destinations

* 59.4572229.0313891 Bø – a small village in the heart of Telemark. Major attraction is Bø Sommerland.
* 59.7348087.5515812 Haukeli – mountain village in the east of Vinje municipality; ski destination during winter
* 58.8666679.63 Jomfruland – island and national park outside Kragerø. The name literally means Virgin Island presumably because the island belonged to a monastery for nuns (virgins) in Skien. Jomfruland differs from the surrounding islands as the beaches on Jomfruland are largely covered in pebbles or cobbles. The island has a varied surface and vegetation. Jomfruland is geologically part of long terminal moraine, known as the Ra, which elsewhere on the south coast mostly is under water.
* 59.2847229.1238894 Nome – a large agricultural and forestry municipality
* 59.73333385 Rauland – mountain village in Vinje municipality, ski lifts and slopes.
* 59.3022229.20256 Telemarkskanalen — The Telemark Canal was hewn out of the rocks by hand, and stretches 105 km from Skien to Dalen in west and to Notodden in east. The Canal consists of eight locks with a total of 18 lock chambers, and a difference in height of 72 metres. At Vrangfoss boats are lifted 23 metres through five locks. The first part was completed in 1861 (Norsjø–Skien) and the Bandak Canal in 1892. The canal attracted attention internationally at the time and was celebrated as an engineering achievement. This is the only major canal in Norway. M/S Henrik Ibsen, M/S Victoria and M/S Telemarken sail daily between Skien and Dalen in the summer season (late May to early September). The trip takes a full day from around 08:00 to around 18:00. Note: Coordinates are for the locks at Vrangfoss.
* 59.3248.47497 Vrådal – a village with ski centre and other outdoor activities

## Understand

Telemark is a county of fascinating contrasts, a miniature Norway with everything inside one county. Telemark is a picturesque area with countless lakes, rivers and valleys, and Mt Gausta landmark overlooking vast areas. Telemark has about 60 notable lakes, which cover more than 5 % of the county's area. Tinnsjå lake is 460 metres deep and the third deepest in Europe. Even if the lake surface is 190 metres above sea level, close to half of the lake is actually below sea level. Rivers flow rapidly from the high plateau to the valleys and lakes below, some in the shape of fine waterfalls. The most notable waterfall is Rjukan waterfall; Rjukan simply means "smoking one" from the mist created by falls. Rjukan waterfall is used for hydro power production and consequently is rarely seen as it was.
Traditional culture such as Hardanger fiddle music is kept alive in Telemark. It is also home to the largest stave church, Heddal at Notodden. Excellent skiers from Telemark played a key role in developing modern skiing. Many Norwegians spend their vacation along Telemark's coast at Kragerø. Telemark is also Norway's industrial heartland. Telemark's hydro power and fertilizer factories began modern heavy industries around 1900. Timber and paper were also important industries along Telemark's rivers. The Skien-Porsgrunn area is still dominated by heavy industry. Norway's only major canal, the Telemark canal, was constructed between Skien and Dalen to allow transport of goods and passengers from the deep interior to the ports. The canal still stands out as an engineering achievement.
The town of Rjukan was developed from scratch to serve the new fertilizer factory and hydro power there. An elaborate transport system was constructed to transport fertilizer from Rjukan to Skien. A short railway was constructed from the factory to Tinn lake, where a railway ferry (unique in Norway) carried the train to Tinnoset. From Tinnoset by rail to Notodden, and finally by barges across the lake and through the canal to Skien and Porsgrunn.
The hydro power at Rjukan's Vemork facilities was used to produce heavy water during World War II, the allies used vast resources to destroy the production capacity at Vemork. A group of Norwegian commandos completed one of the war's most daring and successful sabotages against Vemork facilities. Later the ferry (loaded with heavy water bound for Germany) at Tinn lake was sunk.
Telemark gave name to particular type of turn while skiing downhill, the Telemark turn or simply "Telemark". To this day a specific type of landing in ski jumping is also named after the region.

## Get in
### By plane

* Two airports in Telemark have scheduled flights – Skien Geiteryggen Airport (SKE) and Notodden Airport (NTB).
* Nearby Sandefjord's Airport Torp has direct flights from many European cities. From there, take the free shuttle bus to the nearby train stop ("Torp Sandefjord Lufthavn") and the train to Porsgrunn or Skien.
* Oslo Airport, a major international airport, is 180 km north-east of Skien. See below how to get in from Oslo.
* Kristiansand airport is about 180 km south of Skien.
* Western Telemark is about 200 km from Haugesund airport

### By train

* There are trains from Oslo along the coast to Skien, sometimes with a change in Larvik in Vestfold county. Search on nsb.no.
* Sørland line Oslo-Drammen-Kongsberg-Kristiansand stops at Nordagutu, Bø and Lunde in Telemark. Connections to Notodden.

### By bus

* Long distance buses from Oslo, prebooked is cheaper than bought onboard, NOR-WAY Bussekspress.

### By car

* E18, the main road of Eastern and Southern Norway, passes through Telemark in the districts of Porsgrunn, Bamble and Kragerø.
* E134 runs east-west and connects Telemark to Haugesund and Western Norway through Haukelie mountain pass.

### By boat

* Color Line car ferries from Hirtshals in Denmark to Larvik.
* Car ferries from Strömstad to Sandefjord is a shortcut from Sweden, bypass the drive through Oslo.

## Get around

* Tickets for local buses, ferries, and info by Farte.no (Primarily Norwegian, with some limited information in English). Route info on rutebok.no (also in English).
If you plan on traveling by bus or ferry more than once, consider getting the very advantageously priced period tickets - a single-zone journey on the local buses costs 45 kr, single ferry ride may cost 80 kr, while a 7-day period ticket only costs 160 kr (July 2023).
* Lower Telemark is served by two railway lines:
** Sørlandsbanen (Oslo-Drammen-Kongsberg-Kristiansand), stations at Nordagutu, Bø, Lunde, Drangedal and Neslandsvatn
** Bratsbergbanen a short line for local traffic with main stations at Notodden, Nordagutu and Porsgrunn

## See

* Ibsen's Venstøp, Skien – The place where the world-famous writer Henrik Ibsen was born.
* Heddal stave church, near Notodden, is the largest and perhaps most impressive of the existing stave churches. These wooden buildings were designed and constructed during roughly from the turn of century 1000 to 1350.
* Eidsborg stave church, 3 km from Dalen, is one of the smallest stave churches. Erected 13th century, reconstructed in the 19th and 20th.
* 59.4866678.7751 Balloon voyage memorial (Ballongfararsteinen), Lifjell. In late November 1870 a French gas balloon with two officers landed at the Lifjell mountain near Seljord lake. The two men were carrying mail and important military messages from inside Paris under German siege. The men original had no idea where they had landed as the wind had shifted the balloon swiftly across the North Sea during darknes. Winter had begun in the mountains and the lightly dressed officers were rescued by local lumberjacks. This was the first air travel in Norway and the two French officers were a major sensation in Norway. They eventually delivered their mail but too late to coordinate a French attack. A memorial stone can be seen on the hills above Seljord lake. The balloon blew further north but was rescued and can be seen in the Museum of Science and Technology in Oslo.

## Do

* Hike or take the cable car to the summit of Mount Gausta, 15 km east of Rjukan. It is the highest Norwegian summit south of Hardangervidda and highest in Telemark, a distinct profile rising from the surrounding plateau. About 1/6th of Norway can be seen on clear days.
* Gausta Skisenter, Road 651 between Rjukan and Tuddal. Ski lifts and slopes near Rjukan and Gausta summit. Relatively long season. (updated Oct 2020)
* Rauland skisenter, Road 37 between Rjukan and Åmot.. Ski lifts and slopes in Western Telemark. The largest alpine ski resort in Telemark, 17 lifts and 44 slopes. (updated Oct 2020)

## Stay safe

Telemark is considered very safe, regarding people. There is really no need to avoid any places, although you should probably not provoke drunk people in taxi queues around 02:00–03:00.
Many rivers are used for hydro power and water flow can change rapidly without warning. Normal warnings apply regarding mountains, weather and the sea.

## Go next

* Hardangervidda - the southern edge of Hardangervidda is within Telemark with access from Rjukan and from road E134 (Haukeli mountain pass)
* Hardanger - Telemark's neighbour to the west
* Kongsberg and Numedal in Buskerud county
* Agder - Norway's riviera
* Vestfold county - lowlands along the Oslofjord