# Batangas

Batangas is a province in the southern part of Luzon, the main island of the northern Philippines.
It is the fourth richest province and the ninth most populous in the Philippines. It is also the cradle of the Tagalog culture. Being near to Metro Manila, Batangas is a frequently visited area in Southern Luzon, with its share of resorts and heritage sites. The province is also a growing destination for pilgrimages with its number of Roman Catholic churches as well as various pilgrimage sites.

## Regions

Wikivoyage's regions for the province mostly share the same boundaries as the original four legislative districts of Batangas, except for Lipa which is included in the Taal Lake Area as an important hub for that region.
* Eastern Batangas (Ibaan, Padre Garcia, Rosario, San Jose, San Juan, Taysan) Rather a rainy region, this region hosts most of the province's livestock industry. You may see a glimpse of the cattle and poultry industry in the towns of Padre Garcia and San Jose, but you may also relax on the beaches in San Juan.
* Metro Batangas (Batangas City, Bauan, Lobo, Mabini, San Pascual, Tingloy) Contains Batangas City, the administrative, cultural, educational, industrial, and political capital, as well as its suburbs. Not far from the city is Mabini, popular as a diving destination.
* Taal Lake Area (Agoncillo, Alitagtag, Balete, Cuenca, Laurel, Lipa, Malvar, Mataasnakahoy, San Nicolas, Santa Teresita, Talisay, Tanauan) Its main tourist magnet is the Taal Lake and Volcano, the world's smallest volcano, and the province's symbol. Other tourist draws are the Lipa Cathedral, inland resorts, Padre Pio Shrine, Mabini Shrine and Mount Maculot. Here also lies the city of Lipa, the largest city and religious center of the province.
* Western Batangas (Balayan, Calatagan, Calaca, Lemery, Lian, Nasugbu, San Luis, Taal, Tuy) Mostly coastal and flat, it is home to beaches and luxurious resorts, colorful festivals, and a glimpse of its colonial past. You may explore the historic town of Taal, or relax in the seaside resorts in Nasugbu, Lian, and Calatagan.
The whole province is reasonably close to Metro Manila so it gets a lot of Filipino tourists; see Philippines#Holidays for times when there may be too many.

## Cities and municipalities

* 13.75121.051 Batangas City - Provincial, educational and cultural capital, and major seaport.
* 13.941111121.1622222 Lipa - Largest city and commercial capital of the province, known for kapeng barako coffee and religious sites. It is unofficially nicknamed the "Rome of the Philippines".
* 13.716667120.93 Mabini - Diving spots not far from Manila
* 14.066667120.6333334 Nasugbu - Luxury resorts and mountains, as well as a glimpse of the local sugarcane industry.
* 14.083333121.1833335 Santo Tomas - Northern gateway city, home to a shrine for St. Padre Pio. Hometown of General Miguel Malvar.
* 13.877222121.1056 San Jose - The "Egg Basket of the Philippines", it is small agricultural town along the old highway between Lipa and Batangas City.
* 13.826121.3967 San Juan - A small town at the border of Quezon, the rural municipality around it has a white beach and a growing number of seaside resorts.
* 13.883333120.9333338 Taal - a historic town known for its heritage houses, the Basilica of St. Martin of Tours, and its butterfly knives (balisong)
* 14.083333121.159 Tanauan - Hometown of Apolinario Mabini.

## Other destinations

* 14.01120.99751 Taal Volcano - An active volcano, noted as an example of "a lake with a volcano with a lake", a provincial symbol, and a recognized natural monument. It is generally reached via Tagaytay in neighboring Cavite province, but the volcano and surrounding lake are in Batangas province.

## Understand

Batangas had long been inhabited by the Tagalog before the Spaniards arrived. Today, it has become one of the richest provinces of the Philippines, and has benefited from tourism and foreign investment. Its beaches and resorts are the main draw, but there are also many historical sites, cultural attractions and religious sites. Being not far from Manila, Batangas gets a lot of visitors.
What is now Batangas started as two pre-Hispanic kingdoms, Kumintang and the sultanate of Balayan. The Spaniards first arrived in the 16th century, and recreated the two as the provinces of Balayan and Bonbon, which were eventually merged into Batangas. The original capital was in Taal (then Bonbon), but was moved to what is now Batangas City after the deadly 1755 Taal Volcano eruption. The name "Batangas" derives from the Tagalog word batangan, a reference to the logs used to create rafts used to cross the Kumintang River.
Batangas has a tropical wet and dry climate, but this depends on where you are in the province. Western Batangas has a dry climate, while eastern Batangas has a wetter climate and the rest of the province, including the major cities, lie in between. It can be sunny in Nasugbu, while it may rain in San Juan in the same day.
The province had a population of 3 million in 2020. It is a Tagalog region, but there is a significant Bicolano and Visayan minority, many being migrants from Cebu. Batangas City has significant numbers of Chinese Filipinos and Muslims, mostly integrated into the local community. Batangas residents are called Batangueños, and speak a distinctive dialect of Tagalog.
The culture of Batangas is distinct from its neighbors, as it preserves old Tagalog traditions that have disappeared elsewhere, and so, the province is the cradle of Tagalog culture. Many Batangueños live in large households, distinct from other Tagalogs who have embraced the nuclear family. The Tagalog dialect spoken in the province has a peculiar accent and preserves some vocabulary inherited from the ancient Tagalog language but now archaic in most dialects (including the standard Manila dialect).
Batangueños are known as the "hybrid" Tagalog, who proudly defend their distinctive culture. They are friendly, welcoming and hardworking, but they can be as fierce as a bull when angered.
The population is overwhelmingly Roman Catholic; religion is integral in everyday life, locals are noted for their devotional practices, Mass attendance remains high, and Batangueños are mostly socially conservative. All that said, many Batangueños continue to practice aspects of the pre-Hispanic religion, such as the rainmaking dance called subli which has been integrated into Roman Catholic devotions. Batangueños (and the Tagalog in general) consider Mount Maculot in Cuenca as sacred, and superstitions continue to be taken seriously.
Batangas is traditionally a politically conservative province by Filipino standards, but this is relative, with the province's high level of development. Batangueños are economically liberal but socially conservative and environmentalist.

### Tourist information

* 13.76668121.062712 Batangas Provincial Tourism Office, Capitol Site, Kumintang Ibaba, Batangas City, ☏ +63 43 702-1466. 8AM-5PM daily. (updated Apr 2020)

## Get in
### By bus

Most of Batangas are reached by bus from the rest of CALABARZON.
From Manila, there are multiple operators, with ALPS the Bus, Ceres/Gold Star, DLTB and JAM Liner the largest. As of 2023, buses depart from Parañaque Integrated Terminal Exchange (PITX) south of Manila and near Ninoy Aquino International Airport, and Araneta City Bus Port in Cubao, Quezon City. The Manila-Batangas routes are one of the busiest bus routes, with departures at approximately 30 minutes to 1 hour.
From Quezon Province, two companies have routes headed for Batangas: Supreme Transport, which plies the Batangas City-Lucena City route with economy class buses, and P&O Transport, on the daily Batangas City-Tagkawayan using a deluxe bus stopping only at major cities and towns.
From the other islands of the Philippines, buses take the ferry, with a stop at Batangas port, before continuing onward to Manila via the expressway or through slower routes along the older highways.

### By car

There are a number of major roads that lead to Batangas from the surrounding provinces. Batangas City, Lipa and Tanauan lie along STAR Tollway which serves as the major highway from Metro Manila and Laguna. To avoid the tolls, you may take the parallel but older Jose P. Laurel Highway (Route 4), that is mostly congested in the major cities. From Cavite, you may take the Tagaytay-Nasugbu Road (Route 410/407), Ternate-Nasugbu Road (Route 407), Diokno Highway (Route 410) or Ligaya Drive (Route 421). From Quezon, you may take the Quezon Eco-Tourism Road, also called Batangas-Quezon Coastal Road (Route 422), or Batangas-Quezon Road (Route 435).

### By boat

Numerous ferry routes connect Batangas with the other islands of the country. Many are Roll-on/roll-off (RoRo) boats that carry cars.
There are ferries to several ports on Mindoro, all taking 2½ to 3 hours.
* Puerto Galera, the main tourist destination
* Calapan, provincial capital
* Abra de Ilog, up near the north tip
Ferries also connect with Romblon, Roxas City and Caticlan port near Boracay.

## Get around
### By bus

Bus services serve most of Batangas's largest cities and towns, plying the province's primary highways except most places along Route 4.
* BSC has one route plying Batangas City – Nasugbu (via Tuy), Taal and Bauan every hour.
* JAM operates the Batangas City-Lipa (via STAR) and Lipa–Batangas City or Tanauan-Lipa-Batangas City-Lemery via Santo Tomas Batangas Crossing road routes.
* Supreme's Batangas City–Lucena route serves the largest towns of eastern Batangas along Routes 435 and Route 422.
Santo Tomas is in Batangas but close to the borders with Laguna and Cavite provinces; roads through it lead to those provinces and through them to Metro Manila, Quezon Province and the Bicol Region.
The RoRo ferries from Batangas Port to Calamba on Panay carry buses that originate in Metro Manila and continue to Iloilo City, Bacolod, and Dumaguete. See Dumaguete#From Luzon for details,

### By car

The province has an extensive network of national roads, as well as provincial roads. STAR and Jose P. Laurel Highway serve as the backbone of the highway system. You may need to drive a car to reach destinations where public transport is inefficient, but parking is most often hard to find in most cities and towns.
The key routes are:
* Route 4: Mostly named the Jose P. Laurel Highway (often shortened to J.P. Laurel), it connects all the established cities in the province. While its importance waned with the opening of STAR, it still remains congested, especially at Lipa.
* Route 433: The main link between Lipa, Lemery and Taal, and western Batangas in general. It is mostly straight and flat, except for a winding section at the foot of Mount Maculot, and is also the main street of Cuenca
* Route 435: Officially the Batangas–Quezon Road, it links Batangas City with eastern Batangas, and onward to Quezon Province. It is quite narrow, with most segments passing through towns. At Rosario, the major town served by the route, it links to Route 422 (Rosario-San Juan Road), which leads to San Juan and also onward to Quezon Province.
* Route 436: Officially the Palico–Balayan–Batangas Road, it serves as the main east-west route connecting Metro Batangas with western Batangas. It starts at Nasugbu, passing by Balayan, Calaca, Lemery, Taal and ending at Batangas City. At Lemery and Taal, it is a congested main street of those towns; a bypass to the north provides an alternate route.
There are also numerous provincial roads, some of them the only main route to some towns. Most of these are narrow, and have a lot of tricycles and slow traffic. A lot of these roads are in poor repair.

### By jeepney

Batangas City and Lipa have extensive jeepney route networks, serving nearby suburbs as well as some towns farther afield. Jeepneys are the only practical way to travel without a car to the towns along Route 4 (where most intercity buses take STAR), as well as to the resorts at Mabini. Batangas Province Transport's UV express vans are air conditioned and ply the routes from Santo Tomas to and from Batangas and Tagaytay to and from Cavite and Batangas, north- and south-bound.

### By tricycle

Most cities and towns have tricycle service within their town center and between rural barangays.

## Talk

Batangas is a Tagalog-speaking province, but features a distinctive dialect called Batangas Tagalog, also called Batangueño or less commonly Batangan, also spoken in parts of Laguna and Quezon Province, and most of Mindoro. Batangueño retains many features of ancient Tagalog in terms of grammar, accent, and vocabulary, which are also shared by Tayabas Tagalog (Tayabasin), which are collectively known as the southern Tagalog dialects. Some of these features are:
* A distinct set of prefixes and suffixes to form words. Na- (as opposed to standard -um) is used to form the present tense or perfective form of verbs (e.g. nakain nuh-KAH-en "eating"), and a common butt of jokes from speakers of standard or Manila Tagalog. Pagka-, similar to Spanish -ísimo/a is used for the absolutive form of adjectives, which is absent in all other Tagalog dialects (e.g. pagkaganda pug-kuh-GAHN-dah "so/very/most beautiful").
* The distinctive Batangueño accent, usually marked by the "closed syllable" in some words, where a consonant on one (usually the last) syllable moves into the previous one, and replaced by a glottal stop. For example, gabi ("night") is pronounced in Batangas as gahb-EH (with a glottal stop before the i sound) as against the standard gah-BEH. This also manifests in the Batangueño spelling, where the glottal stop is written with a hyphen or em-dash (e.g. gab-i).
* The interchanging of e and i, and o and u, similar to Visayan languages. Unlike with speakers of Visayan languages, this generally does not manifest when Batangueños speak in English.
* The use of ho instead of po to indicate politeness.
* The use of sila (see-LAH) as a polite third-person pronoun, similar to Italian lei. For example, Sino ho sila? may mean "Who are you?" if you are older than the speaker.
* Divergent vocabulary, carrying on from ancient Tagalog, e.g. guyam GOO-yahm for "ant" (standard langgam), hawot HUH-woht for "dried fish" (standard tuyo), hinaw HEE-now for "wash hands" (standard hugas ng kamay), mabanas mah-buh-NAS for "hot" (standard mainit), tubal for "laundry" (standard maruming damit). Some of these have cognates in other Philippine or Austronesian languages (e.g. hinaw is cognate with Cebuano hunaw and Bikol hanaw, mabanas with Malay and Indonesian panas)
* Demonstratives such as are/ire ("this") and dini ("here"), instead of the standard ito and dito.
* The interjection ala eh!, similar to Tayabasin hane and Marinduqueño ngani. Eh, as a particle, is also commonly used to end a sentence, like the similarly spelled and used but unrelated Canadian English expression.
Batangueños customarily shun code-switching, but this is becoming less common, especially on large cities like Batangas City and Lipa, and towns along STAR. People who can only speak Batangueño are most common in the most conservative areas of western Batangas. Most Batangueños, by the way, can also speak in standard Tagalog or Filipino and English, but may speak with an accent.

## See

* Taal Volcano and the surrounding Taal Lake. It used to be possible to land on the volcano island and climb to the rim, but this has been forbidden since an eruption in 2020.
* Fire trees (caballeros), southeast Asia's answer to Japan's famed cherry blossoms, typically bloom from April till the start of the rainy season (June).
* Basilica Minor of St. Martin of Tours, located in the town of Taal, one of the biggest Catholic churches in all of southeast Asia.
* Mount Maculot, a 947-m mountain in the town of Cuenca. The mountain has a great view of Taal Lake and you can also see Mount Makiling and Tagaytay Ridge.

## Do

The province is very busy during the school vacation between March and June, particularly during Holy Week. The rainy season drench the province beginning as early as May and ending no later than November, but it will not keep you from exploring.
The coastal regions has an active beach and diving scene, concentrated in western Batangas, but if peak season bothers you, there are other seaside destinations as well. Inland resorts with swimming pools, some with slides, are another option, if you want to escape the crowds.
The province provides many destinations for history buffs; most towns have old downtowns with houses and churches deserving a mention. Taal is one major destination for historical travel, but the larger cities of Batangas and Lipa also provide cultural and historical options.

## Buy

* The barong tagalog, a type of shirt used as formal wear for men.
* Batangas is famous for the balisong knife, commonly called butterfly knives outside of the country. They are illegal in many countries, so if you buy one you risk having problems at Customs, perhaps even being prosecuted.
* Batangas is famous for its panutsa (peanut brittle), sinaing na tulingan (small tuna simmered in a broth of water, rock salt, sampaloc/tamarind, and dried kamias), suman (rice cakes wrapped in banana leaves), and the longganisa (pork sausage) and tapa made in Taal, the achara of Calaca, and bagoong of Balayan.
* Sweets like macapuno, ube and pastillas are famous in the town of Malvar, particularly the Elsa's Sweet Candies in San Gregorio Malvar Batangas.
* Saplot Batangenyo, Batangas novelty shirts.

## Eat

The Batangueños culinary scene is dominated by both Filipino and Chinese cuisine, and the province has its contributions to the Philippine culinary scene, such as lomi, goto, tawilis, maliputo, bulalo and tamales.

### What to eat

* Ask the locals about their "kilawin", it is fresh fish soaked in vinegar and acidic juices like lemon, lime, or the local kalamansi, with lots of tiny chopped onions, fresh garlic, and hot peppers, its really good when the fish is still very fresh, as in just caught and straight ahead to the chopping board.
* Fried longganisa and Tapang Taal with Atchara
* Gotong Batangas at Gotohan sa Barangay in Lipa City
* Crispy Pata at The Only Place and The Other Place Restaurants
* Pritong Tilapia caught fresh from Taal Lake
* Maliputo is a delicious fish found only at Taal Lake
* Tawilis is another delicacy - small fishes caught only in Taal Lake
* Pancit Tikyano (red stir-fried noodles) from Letty's in Batangas City
* Hot Chocolate in a roadside stand en route to Mabini and Anilao
* Kapeng Barako, the coffee that made the province famous particularly in Lipa City for its famous Cafe de Lipa (with branches at SM-Mall of Asia, SM City Lipa, Petron Star Toll, Market Market and main office at 032 San Carlos Drive Mataasnalupa Lipa City, opposite to Robinson's Lipa Exit
* Bulalo and Halo-Halo at Almarius Grill in Lipa City
* Lomi Noodles at Lomihan sa Bario in Ibaan Batangas
* tamales of rhemars in Ibaan batangas.

## Drink

if you want a refreshing drink, try the mura coconut juice. It is coconut juice with young coconut meat, really good when served very cold and mixed with condensed milk for sweetness.
Try lambanog from San Juan town. It's a local wine made from sugarcane.
Batangas and neighbouring Cavite Province both have a local coffee variant called kapeng barako.

## Sleep

The reputation of Batangas as a tourist destination has resulted in the sudden growth of one-stars, numerous bungalows over the water accessed by boardwalks, with wooden stairs leading down to the sea, and three-stars that are cheap by international standards.

## Stay safe

Temperatures don't reach beyond 37 °C (99 °F), but the heat index can soar. Always have sun protection when on the beach. Weather is very changeable during the hot dry and wet seasons, and it's possible to be sunny and rainy within the same day. Heavy downpours are common, but flooding is less of a concern. Typhoons are possible to hit Batangas from June to October.
Roads outside STAR Tollway, in the province are of medium to high quality, but can be narrow, with houses encroaching the shoulder. Driving habits can be unnerving, and motorcyclists are suicidal; many road accident deaths in the provinces are due to impaired driving or dangerous overtaking especially by motorcyclists.
Tricycles are readily available from hotels or bars to transport terminals and vice versa in Batangas City, but watch out for unscrupulous drivers who overcharge. Trips by tricycle from the east and west sides of the Calumpang River are notorious for scam attempts during evening hours when jeepneys are at short supply. Better take a jeepney if possible.
Petty crime is rare in the province generally, but watch out when staying in the cities, especially if you look touristy. Pickpocketing at jeepneys is possible during rush hour.
There is risk from Taal Volcano, roughly at the center of the province. Destructive earthquakes are rare, but can happen. In 2017, an earthquake off Mabini has damaged some structures around the Metro Batangas area and some coastal towns to the west, including historical churches such as the Taal Basilica and the Basilica of the Immaculate Conception; the former having masonry falling off its façade and the latter being closed for six months for repairs.

## Stay healthy

The key cities and municipalities have good coverage of hospitals and clinics, as well as pharmacies and drug stores. Elsewhere, they are spotty.
Dengue fever is a concern, especially during the rainy season from June to September. Vaccine against dengue is available, but because of health concerns and ongoing controversy, it has been taken off the shelves. Bringing mosquito repellant is adequate.
Stray cats and dogs are widespread in most parts of the province, and rabies is another concern. Antirabies vaccine is recommended, especially when dealing with local animal life.
Heat stroke can be another risk during the summer months, and do not forget to drink lots of water and wear light.

## Respect

By and large, Batangueños are relaxed over their Manila counterparts and they usually don't take themselves very seriously, but common jokes or stereotypes about Batangueños or the province from Manileños are not welcome. Batangueños are proud of their province, prosperity and culture.
Common superstitions are taken more seriously in Batangas, and many Batangueños still believe in mythical creatures like goblins (nuno) living around termite mounds, and mermaids (sirena) and mermen (shokoy) at the beach. Mt Maculot in Cuenca is considered sacred for the Tagalog.
Batangueños are more modest in terms of dress, and wearing smart casual is advisable anywhere in the province except in the beaches or large cities. Churches or religious sites strictly enforce dress codes, and you may be required to wear a shawl or sarong if you are dressed immodestly.
Unlike in other Tagalog areas, kinship titles are less used outside family circles, so, don't always expect your friends will call you kuya (KOO-yah, "big. brother"), ate (AH-teh, "big sister"), etc., or the other way around. General Tagalog honorifics still applies, despite the dialectal differences.

## Cope

Visa renewals can be done at the Bureau of Immigration office in Batangas City, minutes away from the port.

## Go next

Many travellers transit through Batangas City to catch a ferry to another island. Batangas has a large port with ferries going to many places in the Philippines. The boats/ferries called RoRo (Roll-on, Roll-off) usually can accommodate your own vehicles. Schedules change frequently so check ahead of time. Also, the terminal is a focal point for many islands and therefore sees a lot of traffic. Expect longer lines and waiting times especially during public holidays, especially Holy Week. The Filipino culture observes and respects queueing so lines move orderly and quickly.