# Sumava

Bohemian Forest (Šumava) is a national park in South Bohemia part of Czech Republic.
The forest is a part of largest protected forest area of Central Europe and both the woods and the mountain range that forms its backbone stretch in Germany, Czech Republic and Austria. Important parts of the area are made up of the Bavarian Forest National Park, which protects the most untouched and dense parts of the forest.

## Understand
### History

The origin of the current name Bohemian Forest goes back to 400 BC. The Boii people (Roman name of the three ancient Celtic tribes) spread across Europe - and the area was named "Boiohaemum", the home of Boii. In 1st century AD, they were replaced by Germanic tribes and Gallo-Romans, and in 6th century AD, forefathers of the later Czech people arrived here. The Czech name "Šumava" has been attested in 15th century. While the folk etymology connects it with Czech words šumění (denoting a noise of trees in the wind), the most accepted opinion amongst linguists derives Šumava from a theorized Proto-Slavic word *šuma = "dense forest".

### Landscape

The low mountain range extends from Plzeň Region and South Bohemia in the Czech Republic to Austria and Bavaria in Germany, and form the highest truncated uplands of the Bohemian Massif, approx. 45 km wide. They create a natural border between the Czech Republic on one side and Germany and Austria on the other.
The central area is relatively flat, but the borders contain multiple deep ravines and canyons - Bílá strž, Křemelná, Vydra, Čertova stráň at Boubín stream, Čertova stěna at Vltava river.

### Climate

Average temperature of the area is between 3 (at highest elevations) and 6°C, humidity around 80%. The absolute temperatures vary greatly though - the lowest measured temperature is -41.6°C, while the highest one is 36.8°C. The yearly amount of rainfall is between 800mm and 1600mm (on the most exposed country border peaks).

## Fees and permits

Most of the area is freely accessible, except for a few parts. The official map$^{[deadlink]}$ shows in brown color, which areas are forbidden due to nature preservation.

## See

* 49.1660513.564671 Kašperk castle (Karlsberg) (A road runs to within 1,200 meters of the castle, where there is a parking. Several walking trails towards the castle branch out from Kašperské Hory, where also busses are available. The railway station is at Sušice.). A medieval castle, said to be the most highly located royal castle in Bohemia. (updated Feb 2017)
* 49.2791213.618212 Rabí castle. Ruins of the largest Czech castle (in terms of area). (updated Feb 2017)
* 49.051614.20233 $^{[deadlink]}$ Archeological park in Netolice. (updated Feb 2017)
* 49.4869813.107014 Koloveč museum, Domažlická 1, Koloveč. A museum of technics and manufacture (updated Feb 2017)

## Do

* Hiking/cyclink/cross-country skiing in Šumava. Plethora of trails available for each part of the year. (updated Feb 2017)
* 48.978814.01181 Rope park Libín. 1.5-km long rope park with 6 routes of different difficulty. (updated Feb 2017)
* 49.2292613.520842 Offpark Sušice (At the Otava river). Said to be the most beautiful rope park in nature. (updated Feb 2017)
* 49.4412.92933 stopyvalky.cz, Náměstí míru 58, Domažlice. A company providing war "simulation" programs - like 1- or 2-day survival in nature, gun shooting, World War II event reconstructions etc. (updated Feb 2017)

## Go next

The 48.7114.081 Lipno dam is geographically part of the Sumava area.
* Šumava National Park