# Firearms

Firearms are needed for several activities including hunting, participating in shooting competitions, using firearms as a hobby or self defence. The laws surrounding firearms vary considerably between countries and bringing one nearly always involves some bureaucracy.
Laws regarding self defense are usually even more strict than those for sport shooting. In many countries carrying a weapon for self defence is allowed only for local citizens with an appropriate certificate or only for locals who need them professionally. See also the discussion in War zones#Weapons.

## Stay safe

Firearms are inherently dangerous. Using them safely, even just on the range, requires proper training and using them for hunting or self-defense has additional hazards. Among the basic precautions:
* Never assume a weapon is not loaded. It should become a reflex to check any gun you touch, before doing anything else.
* Control where the weapon is pointed! Outdoors, keep it aimed at the ground except when there is good reason to point it elsewhere.
* Practice "trigger discipline". Your finger should never touch the trigger except when you are about to fire.

## Asia
### Singapore

With some of the strictest firearms laws in the world, and the death penalty being prescribed for unauthorised possession, firearm ownership is not very common in Singapore. That being said, it is possible to get a licence to buy and own firearms in Singapore after passing background checks if you are a registered member of a shooting club. Firearms must be stored securely at the shooting range, and cannot be brought out without a valid reason (for example, if you are travelling for a shooting tournament).

### Thailand

Firearm ownership is primarily open to Thai citizen or persons holding permanent residence in Thailand. Despite this, firearm rentals and shooting training are widely available in various cities in Thailand, ranging from sport shooting to fully equipped and tactical trainings.
The law in Thailand separates a firearm into a short and long gun by barrel length. Firearms with a barrel length less than 15cm is considered a "pistol" and a "rifle" otherwise. Rifles are generally restricted to manual only.

## Europe

Legislation differs from one country to the next, but many countries are much stricter than the USA, while the Czech Republic is moderately strict by US standards.
The European Union, covering many European countries, has harmonized some of the legislation around bringing firearms. There is the European firearms pass (EFP) meant to ease crossing borders inside the union with a firearm. In addition to the licence you need an invitation to a hunting or sport shooting event or similar documentation showing your need of the arm, a description of your coming participation and, for some countries, advance acceptance from the country in question. For carrying the firearm for other purposes you have to apply separately for permission (for a certain occasion or repeatedly), you may also need permission to get the firearm out of your country.

### Czech Republic

The Czech Republic has a fairly strict licensing system—strict enough that when Norwegian domestic terrorist Anders Breivik was planning his 2011 attack, he tried to illegally obtain firearms in the Czech Republic and was unable to do so. However, individuals who obtain a license face relatively few restrictions on the number or types of firearms they may own. While permission to possess fully automatic weapons is granted on a discretionary basis and only to collectors, permission to possess semi-automatic firearms is on a "shall-issue" basis for gun license holders. Concealed carry is fairly common.

### Finland

    See also: Hunting#Finland
Finland has high gun ownership. Most are used for hunting, while recreational shooting otherwise is much less common. Thus most shooting ranges are in the countryside, maintained by hunting clubs, and people come there to train with their own weapons. Licences for self-defence are not issued and carrying a loaded gun in public is not allowed. The main regulation is the Firearms Act (1/1998).
Using a firearm under close supervision of somebody with an appropriate firearm licence is allowed without a licence of your own.
If you have a firearms licence of a Nordic country and an invitation to a hunting or sport shooting event, you need no other paperwork to transport and use the weapon as allowed for local residents and needed for participating in the event, for at most three months.
If you have the European firearms pass, you may transport weapons of certain types for use at a hunting or sport shooting event, if you have an invitation or other accepted documentation of such a purpose. You need to check that you are allowed to transport it also through any transit countries.
Without a Nordic or EU firearms licence, you need to apply separately for the required permits to get your own firearm to Finland.
A firearm under transport must be unloaded and in an envelope, separate from the ammunition, and may not be left visible nor in an unlocked space of the car. It must not be transported around needlessly. When stored, it must be in a place where not easily stolen, and additionally locked in or with some piece locked in separately. Carrying the weapon is also regulated in the hunting law (you may e.g. mostly not transport it in a motor vehicle in the terrain). You may not give the arm to anybody else, except someone else with the required licence or under your close supervision.

### France

All firearms in France have to be licensed and must have a unique identifier.

### Germany

In general, Germany is a very restrictive country when it comes to firearms; however, since the Weapons Act (Waffengesetz) was enacted in 2003, the regulations affecting hunters and recreational shooters have been significantly relaxed.
The minimum age for the purchase and possession of weapons is 18 for hunters and 18 to 21 for marksmen.

### Iceland

Hunters with the European firearms pass may transport a documented firearm to Iceland and hunt during a stay no longer than 3 months. Hunters from other countries need an import permit from the Icelandic police in addition to a fire arms permit and a hunting permit.
In order to get a fire arms permit and a hunting permit the hunter needs an Icelandic supporter that is over 20 years of age, the hunter may not have a criminal record and the hunter needs a medical record specially intended for hunting. These documents need to be sent to the environmental agency of Iceland and the Icelandic police. Classes for both permits are held by the environmental agency.
A firearm under transport must be unloaded and in an envelope. When stored, it must be in a locked locker.

### Sweden

You are never allowed to carry any kind of shooting weapon without a special permit, and failure to observe Swedish law in this case may incur severe fines, permanent confiscation of the weapon and possible imprisonment, as the carrying of a weapon without permit is considered a criminal offence.
If you have a firearms permit from any Nordic country and an invitation to a hunting or sport shooting event, you need no other paperwork to carry the weapon as allowed for local residents.

### United Kingdom

The UK has very strict gun control laws. Handguns and semi-automatic assault rifles are illegal in the UK, even for sporting purposes, and special dispensation had to be gotten for the pistol shooting events to go ahead for the Commonwealth Games and the Olympics. These restrictions also mean that the pistol shooters in the national team have to live and train outside the country. Rifles and shotguns may be owned with a permit, which is granted if you have a valid reason, such as for sport shooting. Even police officers (with the exception of Northern Ireland) are forbidden from carrying firearms during their regular patrols, and must request for special armed units to be dispatched when necessary to carry out their duties.

## North America
### Canada

Hunting and fishing are big business in Canada and they attract many tourists, especially from the US and Japan. Typically the companies that provide services to hunters can also help customers comply with Canadian laws. You need a hunting or fishing license and may also need a gun license.
Canadian weapons laws are considerably tighter than the US. Regulations on firearms are federal, leaving little room for variation between provinces.
* The RCMP (federal police) administer the gun regulations.
* Canada Customs have a page on import regulations.
A number of weapons are classed as prohibited. Getting a permit for these is generally impossible. Prohibited firearms include short-barrelled guns, fully-automatic weapons, rifles with collapsible stocks, and most 25 or 32 caliber pistols. Various other things are also prohibited – including mags with over 5 rounds for a long gun or 10 for a pistol, silencers, replicas such as Airsoft guns, switchblade knives, teargas or pepper spray (unless sold as dog or bear repellent). In the wake of a mass shooting in Nova Scotia in 2020, firearms regulations have been tightened, with military-style assault rifles now being prohibited.
There are also restricted weapons: any pistol that is not prohibited and various others. Permits for these may be possible, but there is considerable bureaucracy to be dealt with.
The only weapon that would be relatively easy to import, or to rent, is one that is neither restricted nor prohibited, such as the typical hunter's rifle or shotgun. Even for that, there would be paperwork. Make sure you have all the information you will need. Minors cannot import arms. Not declaring a firearm will likely result in a four-figure fine and could lead to a jail term.
Most Canadian national parks ban firearms entirely, with a rare few exceptions in Northern Canada for licensed guides in specific parks in polar bear country and native first nations on native land. As the polar bear is protected, use of lethal force in self defence is very rare – park officials monitor bear activity to help visitors avoid bear encounters and guides attempt other things – a warning shot, flares, air horns, perhaps bear spray/pepper spray – before escalating to gunfire.

### Mexico

Mexico has strict gun laws. Bringing guns into Mexico is illegal in most circumstances. Permits can be issued, in advance, for foreigners to bring certain types of guns into the country for what the law considers legitimate use, such as hunting (usually on an organized hunting trip) or participating in sport shooting. Be sure to carefully research the current legal requirements for permitting and documentation, and for transport and storage of the gun while in Mexico. Even if you obtain the necessary permit for a firearm, there are strict laws regarding ammunition.
Guns for personal protection are not allowed to be carried or kept on private boats without a Mexican permit. Mexican authorities do search boats that dock in Mexican harbors or enter Mexican territorial waters, and if they find guns, the boat owner can find themselves in serious trouble.
Concealed carry permits issued in the U.S. are not valid in Mexico: if you try to cross the border with a concealed firearm, even inadvertently, you will almost certainly end up in a Mexican jail.

### United States of America

The United States has a strong gun culture, and the right for US citizens to own and bear firearms is enshrined in the constitution. However, the regulations are much more restrictive with regard to foreigners.
Shooting sports such as hunting and competitive shooting are widely practiced. Rifle ranges often offer shooter safety and other classes for beginners.
US citizens and legal permanent residents (green card holders) can legally purchase or own firearms without any special permit. Foreigners who are illegally or unlawfully in the United States are specifically prohibited from possessing any firearm or ammunition, as are any individuals who have renounced US citizenship even if they are legally in the country.
Foreign tourists who enter visa free on the Visa Waiver Program may possess firearms. Other tourists who obtained a tourist or other non-immigrant visas who wish to import guns for hunting or competitive shooting must file Form 6 NIA with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, as well as have a valid hunting license. Approval generally takes 6-8 weeks, so plan ahead. Any guns purchased by foreign hunters while in the US are likely to be subjected to export restrictions. Another option is to borrow or rent guns from the shooting range of your choice to shoot on premises – call ahead to see if this is an option.
Individual US states have a significant say over most of the regulations of firearms within their state. Travelers will want to check with individual states to make sure other restrictions will not apply to them.

## Oceania
### Australia

While it is not illegal outright to own a firearm in Australia, you generally need a reason to be granted a licence to buy one. In general, licences are only granted if you are a farmer who lives in a rural area, or if you are a member of a legitimate sport shooting club. Carrying a firearm down the street in an urban area is rare, and might draw some unwanted attention to you. The carrying of semi-automatic assault rifles and other military-grade weapons by private citizens is illegal in Australia.

### New Zealand

Although gun ownership is not outright illegal in New Zealand, gun laws were tightened considerably in the wake of terrorist attacks on two mosques in Christchurch in 2019. It is illegal to possess semi-automatic weapons and military-grade assault rifles in New Zealand, and ownership of any other type of firearm requires a firearms licence.