# Rhodope Mountains

The Rhodope Mountains, or the Rhodopes, are a mountain massif and a cultural region in southern Bulgaria (83%) and northern Greece (17%).

## Cities
### Bulgaria

* 41.9439924.2177911 Batak – Famous for the nearby Batak Lake Recreational & Resort.
* 41.72319824.6853192 Chepelare – Mainly known as a winter ski resort and summer hiking area.
* 41.74316324.3967253 Devin – A spa resort with a wide range of summer activities such as hiking, horse riding, mountain biking and tennis.
* 41.64472125.3749664 Kardzhali – The closest town to the remarkable ancient city-sanctuary of Perperikon.
* 41.4991924.9397035 Madan – Charming village with Muslim majority.
* 41.65813924.775996 Momchilovtsi – A ski resort set in a forested area of Rhodope Mountains at 1,352 m above sea level.
* 41.647524.6888897 Pamporovo – One of Bulgaria's most popular ski resorts, known for its forested surroundings.
* 41.680224.5810088 Shiroka Laka – Tiny village, known for its old Bulgarian architecture and for its musical tradition, kept alive by a number of contemporary performers.
* 41.57527824.7127789 Smolyan – Traditional settlement and popular ski resort atop Mount Rozhen.
* 41.38048225.09471310 Zlatograd – A traditional town, set in valley across the Greek borders.

### Greece

* 41.3526.511 Didymoteicho – A village close to the Turkish border and the Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli Forest National Park.
* 41.27583324.972512 Echinos – A charming 'Pomak' (Greek Muslims) village on a valley of the Rhodopes Mountains.
* 41.1989924.7063613 Stavroupoli – The largest and most important of the villages of Nestos river near the National Park of East Macedonia and Thrace.
* 41.26666724.50138914 Paranesti – The village is a good starting point to go to the waterfalls and thermal springs in the area, the Nestos artificial lake and a well known for hiking sports.

## Understand

The Rhodopes are remote, with a limited number of roads, unique nature, steep hills, and deep forests. The mountains are less steep than for example Pirin, so extreme mountaineering is not needed. The highest peak is at 2,191 m of Goljam Perelik in Bulgaria. The winter ski resort of Pamporovo and Bansko are in the Rhodopes. "The home of Orpheus" – the Greek mythological poet that went to hell to save his loved one – is a region with a distinct cultural influence. Rhodope music is world famous: many foreign musicians have been fascinated by the sounds of Rhodopes and even the song Izlel e Delyu Haydutin performed by Valya Balkanska is one of the few performances included in the Voyager Golden Record selection of music, part of the Voyager 2 space probe, that is expected to play across space for at least 60,000 years.
On the Greek side there is the Rodopi Mountain Range National Park$^{[deadlink]}$, and on Bulgarian side the Pirin National Park.

### Climate

The location of the Rhodope Mountains in the south-eastern part of the Balkan Peninsula also determines the climate. It is characterized by a transitional climate as it is influenced by both the colder northern air masses and the warm breezes of the Mediterranean (Aegean). The temperatures of the Eastern Rhodopes are higher and more stable with averages around 12–13 °C. In the western Rhodopes – under the influence of higher altitudes above sea level – the average temperature ranges from 5-9 °C. The transitional climate in the Rhodope Mountains is also noticeable through the annual course of precipitation. In the eastern Rhodopes the peak of precipitation is in December and in August they are minimal. In the western Rhodope it is the other way round, here are prevailing summer precipitation. The mild climate combined with other factors favours the development of recreation and tourism.

## Get in
### By bus

Regular buses run even into very remote places of the mountains.

### By thumb

A good way to move is by thumb since villagers from the various small places around the area still have to get around and obtain supplies.

### By plane

The closest airport in Bulgaria is Plovdiv. Sofia has more options.
On the Greek side, the closest international airports are Kavala and Alexandroupolis.

## Get around

Due to the remote character of the area public transport is rare or not available. To explore the region either a 4WD or a normal car with enough ground clearance is best. The dirt roads within the Greek Rhodopes are usually well signposted what makes it easy to find the attractions.

## See
### Bulgaria

* 41.950724.85981 Bachkovo. A tiny hamlet in which the medieval monastery of the same name is situated. The nearby "Bachkovo" waterfall is formed by karst fault. It‘s a beautiful 10-m waterfall with numerous arms and branches. The area around the waterfall is suitable for a picnic and equipped with tables and benches for rest. About 6 km north of the village is Asen's Fortress, a medieval fortress on a high rocky ridge on the left bank of the Asenitsa River. It is one of Bulgaria’s most celebrated and visited Medieval attractions.
* 41.8185324.582192 Marvelous Bridges (Chudnite mostove). Amazing natural arches formed by the erosive activity of the Erkyupryia River. The larger one (upstream, 45 m height) is shaped by three vaulted arches and is passable under the vaults. The river flows under the middle-sized arch. The smaller bridge (200 m downstream, 30 m height) is impassable. The site can be reached by an asphalt road from the village Tschepelare.
* 41.620625.11453 Devil‘s Bridge (Дяволският мост). Nice place with old stone bridge over a river. The view is great! Legend says that the bridge was built by the Romans to connect the Aegean Sea and the Thrace region of Bulgaria. The bridge is the largest and best-known of its kind in the Rhodope Mountains,
* 41.65073224.3225184 Devil's Bridge (Rock Formation). This is not a regular bridge, but a rock formation popular with locals. The canyon and hike are still very impressive though, especially the unbelievable staircases through the Devil's Canyon. A 3-km path leads through a forest from the eastern parking/road to the bridge. (updated Dec 2021)
* 41.78425.435 Stone Mushrooms. The stone mushrooms are a rock phenomenon near the village of Beli Plast. They reach a height of 2.5–3 m.
* 42.002524.27746 Snezhanka Cave. A beautiful cave, rich in stalactites, stalagmites, and sinter lakes.
* 41.640924.33217 Buynovo Gorge. The Buynovo Gorge is the longest gorge in Bulgaria formed by erosion as the Buynovo River that flows through marble rock. It is between the villages of Yagodina and Teshel. The cliffs on both sides of the canyon rise hundreds of meters and can be visited on foot or by car on a paved one-lane narrow road along the base of the cliffs. As traffic goes in both directions patience is often needed. For a good overview over the Buynovo Gorge its worth to visit the “eagle’s-eye view point,” a metal platform built on the cliff face of the Saint Iliya Peak at a height of 1,563 meters, with impressive views over the entire area.
* 41.616724.37928 Trigrad Gorge (Take a regular (Devin/Borino) bus and get off at the junction in "Teshel" village. From there it should be easy to hitch hike.). A gorge enclosing the course of Trigrad River which plunges into the "Devil's Throat Cave" where, according to the Greek mythology, Orpheus, the legendary Thracian singer, attempted to retrieve his beloved Euridice from the Underworld. Trigrad village is very popular with tourists and it might be a good idea to stay there. (updated Dec 2021)
* 41.5103724.655339 Uhlovitsa Cave. A show cave with an impressive flowstone formation, known as the Icefall, at its end.
* 41.62879324.3296910 Yagodinska cave. A spectacular cave, the third longest one in the country, ranking 89 in the list of Bulgaria's most significant landmarks. The part of the cave with its marvellous stalactites and stalagmites that is open for tourism is 1,100 m long with electric illumination. Tours take about 45 min and take place every hour. Not far from The Yagodina Cave there is a natural bridge, and close to the bridge is the beautiful Praskolo waterfall.
* 41.58124.676811 Canyon of Waterfalls. A blend of 46 isolated waterfalls. The tour takes 3–4 hr, depending on physical condition. It is not particularly difficult but also not easy. Sometimes it is steep uphill, but you do not have to climb. Anyone who has no health problems can go the way. The waterfalls themselves are not really spectacular, but the view from the panorama point Eurike to Smolyan is worth seeing. The route could be better signposted in some places. The best way to get information is to go to the Information center at the beginning of the forest trail. It’s recommended to visit the Canyon of Waterfalls in early summer when the water levels are at their peak.
* 41.468825.221712 Fortress Ustra. The fortress was built in the 10th century to protect an important trade route. It frequently changed hands but the Byzantines held it most of the time. The trail to the fortress is quite difficult and takes about 1 hr but the views from this fortress are breathtaking.
* 41.579824.831813 Fortress Momchil. The fortress was built during the reign of Emperor Justinian I (527-565) who launched massive military construction projects on the territory of the entire Balkan Peninsula. It was burnt down later and reconstructed until the invasion of the Ottomans at the end of the 14th century. At that time it was burnt down again and was never reconstructed.
Archaeological sites:
* 41.598523.913114 Gradishte Historic Landscape Park. The prehistoric settlement and Thracian sanctuary. This ancient temple dates from the 5th millennium BC. According to archaeologists, it is one of the largest in Bulgaria and possibly in Europe. The sanctuary is on an approximately 700-m long ridge. In some places there are petroglyphs of human profiles, animal figures, fish, turtles and birds.
* 41.614725.949415 Hisarya. Hisarya, a Thracian cult, is located on the Hisarya ridge in eastern Rhodope near the village of Senoklas. The archaeological site includes a Thracian cult center with rock sanctuary, rock niches, rare rock suns and the ruins of a large Thracian and medieval fortress.
* 41.731525.959416 The Deaf Stones. The Deaf Stones Rock Sanctuary is one of the largest Thracian cult monuments. It consists of several large boulders, in which deep chambers are carved. In the boulder in the east, a staircase has been carved, which leads to the summit. The remaining three rocky peaks are dotted with more than 200 religious niches.
* 41.843424.96517 Karadzhov-Stone. (Karadzhov Kamak) is an interesting rock phenomenon near the village Mostovo. On a high plateau (1,448 m), a gaping fugue has formed on its vertical walls, in which a huge stone is stuck, as if displaced by higher forces there. Since antiquity, this place has been something special for the people - the ancient Thracians built a sanctuary here in which they honored their dead. To this day, small pits cut into the rock for religious purposes have been preserved, as well as steps leading to the upper part of the massif.
* 41.7154925.4652618 Perperikon. An archaeological site with monumental megalithic structures, dating back from the Bronze Age and is considered to be the largest megalithic archaeological site in all of Bulgaria.
* 41.54125.54919 Tatul. The Thracian sanctuary is one of the most imposing megalithic monuments discovered on the territory of Bulgaria. The sanctuary is a massive rock structure and its top is a truncated pyramid. The complex comprises two sarcophagi, a rectangular bed for the main altar, and a 3-m-deep well. It dates back to the end of the 5th and the beginning of the 4th centuries BC.
* 41.36825.337320 Fotinovo Turtles. Turtle-like reliefs, cut in the rocks by an ancient culture. Largest is 7x5 m.
* 41.704925.248521 The Womb cave (Utroba Cave). This Thracian megalith, the Womb Cave (Cult complex “Utroba cave” Тракийско светилище Пещера Утроба) is located near village of Ilinica. The temple is shaped like the opening to a vagina. It leads into a 22-m deep cave. At the end of the cave, a carved altar (1.3 m in height) symbolises the womb itself. At midday as the sun approaches its highest point, the sun light seeps into the cave through a special opening in the ceiling and projects a perfectly recognisable representation of a phallus onto the floor. As the sun progresses further, and the light slants across the interior of the cave, the phallus grows longer, reaching out to the womb altar. Only during some months of the year, when the sun is lowest on the horizon, the phallus becomes long enough to reach the altar and symbolically fecundate the womb. A well marked tourist route exists through Enchec village and around 300 m after mountain cottage “Borovica”. The way to the cave includes around an hour of walking up. The path is steep but with three big alcoves and a shelter right under the cleft of the cliff. Local people know the place as Dangardak kaya (The echoing stone). Today childless couples visit the Womb cave to gain a long-awaited child.
* 41.567925.145222 Thracian cult complex “Orlovi skali” (Eagle Rock Sanctuary). A historic Thracian site near Ardino and consists of niches cut into a large rock standing above the forest. The site was obviously of religious significance. This Thracian phenomenon, the "trapezoid alcoves" are found all over the Rhodopes dug high in difficult to reach rocks. There is no definite answer as to how or why the Thracian people made them. The Orlovi skali (Eagles' Rocks) site carries about 100 insections. From Ardino an asphalted road takes you to a small parking at the start of a trail. It takes about 15 min of moderate intensity walk to get there.

### Greece

* 41.345624.588323 Ag.Barbara Waterfall and Lake. A little lake 600 m from the road with waterfall. Good for resting and taking a cold bath in the lake. From the main road you branch at the signpost and follow the dirt road for about 300 m to a parking space. There you cross the little river walking over a bridge of tree trunks. The waterfall is about 500 m inland passing an animal shelter. The waterfall is not at the river that you had to cross! There are banks and tables where you can make picnics. All litter has to be taken back as there is no litter service.
* 41.383224.67624 Lepidas Waterfall. A scenic waterfall near the village Dipotama.
* 41.46124.45925 Loutra Thermion. Hot thermal springs of 80°C. In illegally built corrugated iron huts, some of which are open, you can take a hot bath.
* 41.325124.67626 Livaditis Waterfall. A scenic waterfall near the village Levaditis with 3 pools to relax in the water. The waterfall is well signposted as soon as you reach the village of Livaditis. After leaving the village you drive 3.5 km on an asphalted road. Then you reach a larger parking lot, from which a 2.2-km long dirt road leads to a small place with shelter. Without 4WD the dirt road is to be used only with caution. From there, a beautiful, well-walked and signposted 2-km long footpath starts downhill through the forest to the waterfall. Even in the summer, plenty of water is available for a cool bath.
* 41.102824.743427 Gorge of Nestos. At Toxotes and of particular natural beauty. Breaking through the limestone mountains the river Nestos meanders and shaped a unique landscape. Along the ravine a trail of about 10 km in length leads along high cliffs with beautiful views of the river. In hot summer its a pleasure to have a refreshing bath in the ice cold river.
* 41.2478225.1042528 Thracian Μeteora. Amazing rocky peaks that remind of a mini version of the famous Meteora rocks near Kalambaka. It's surrounded by abandoned settlements. Access by car through a dirt road (15 km) that starts east of Iasmos village. There are also some nice caves near to Thracian meteors next to Políarnon village
* 41.221123.891429 Cave of Maaras (Aggitis river cave). Limestone cave in nice environment and with stalactites only, but no stalagmites due to an underground river.
* 41.03185324.00335330 Cave of Alistrati. – One of the most beautiful limestone caves of Northern Greece.
* 41.141225.210731 Kompsatos Bridge. A magnificent old stone bridge over the Kompsatos river. (updated Mar 2018)
* 41.183224.708932 Macedonian Tomb. A small but well preserved Macedonian tomb from the first half of the 4th century BC. Chr. at Stavropolis. (updated Mar 2018)
* 41.370624.551233 Monastery Metamorfosis Sotiros. The monastery is worth a visit, especially because of the scenic location. It is located next to the village Prasinada. (updated Mar 2018)
* 41.344923.372934 Fort Rupel. Fort Roupel (Greek: Οχυρό Ρούπελ) is a fortress at the north border of Central Macedonia, Greece, built in 1914. It became part of the fortifications of the Metaxas Line in the 1930s and became famous for its defence during the German invasion of Greece in April 1941. (updated Mar 2018)

## Do

* Skiing – There are several ski areas of which Bansko is best developed.
* Swimming – Best places for a refreshing bath in hot summer are at Nestos river and the lakes at the waterfalls.
* SPA – Take a cure at the thermal springs.

### Hiking

Sheer endless opportunities and trails exist around the mountains. The remote nature makes it even more interesting, regularly hitting off-the-beaten-track villages.
Interesting itineraries:
* Trigrad - Devil's Bridge - Dospat. 1) Take the Plovdiv-Borino bus to Teshel junction. 2) Hike/hitch up the road to Trigrad Gorge. 3) Stay overnight in Trigrad. 4) Hike to the Devil's Canyon and Bridge (rock formation), by Iagodina village and the Eagle's Eye viewpoint. 5) Hike to Zmeitsa village. 6) Visit the Small Devil's Bridge, 2 km towards Dospat from the village. 7) Hitch a ride to Dospat. (updated Dec 2021)
A famous annual marathon takes place starting in Paranesti.

### Thermal springs in Bulgaria

* 42.02623.9951 Velingrad. Over 70 hot springs and many hotels offering spa services and thermal pools. (updated Mar 2018)
* 41.611823.78682 Ognyanovo village. Known for its mineral springs for centuries and is a popular spa destination with many hotels and guest houses. Miroto is entrance-free and accessible anytime, even at night. (updated Mar 2018)
* 41.742324.39963 Devin. Devin is not just known for its spa qualities, it is also a base for some of Bulgaria’s best hiking and exploring. Just on the outskirts of town, next to the thermal pools, is the Devin Eco Walk, a beautiful 7-km trail running along the river past waterfalls and through gorges. (updated Mar 2018)
* 42.2923.2674 Sapareva Banya. In the town there are many places where you can enjoy the healing thermal water – both hotels with own pools and a public spa complex with pools. An attractions is a hot geysers where the water comes out with more than 100°C. (updated Mar 2018)
* 42.30923.865 Kostenets villages. It is not among the most popular spa resorts in Bulgaria (updated Mar 2018)
* 42.161624.12636 Varvara village. There are 2 hot outside pools there—in Varvara Complex and another one in Aqua Varvara hotel. (updated Mar 2018)
* 41.882723.52267 Banya village. Numerous mineral springs and almost every hotel offers mineral water in a beautiful nature. Hot mineral water is also pouring from several fountains around the village. (updated Mar 2018)

### Thermal springs in Greece

* 40.90823.50048 Nigrita. (updated Mar 2018)
* 41.23523.3919 Siderokastro. (updated Mar 2018)
* 41.375223.441310 Agkistro. (updated Mar 2018)
* 41.466124.450511 Thermia of Paranesti. In thermal springs there are no special facilities, just natural baths in dirty homemade corrugated iron huts but nice surroundings (updated Mar 2018)

## Eat and drink

Traditional Rhodopean dishes are :
* Patatnik (Potatoes Pie) – Made of potatoes and sirene (white cheese) garnished with yogurt. Various spices are added, such as onions, salt, pepper and a type of mild mint called Gyosum in Bulgarian. It can be baked, fried or boiled
* Rhodopski klin (Rhodope style banitza) – A mixture of beaten eggs, pieces of sirene, rice, parsley, well salted and put between sheets of thick filo dough and then baked in an oven about 20–30 min.
* Parlenka – Thin bread, thickness and size as small or medium pizza. Baked on pan as pancake, but the dough is for normal bread and their thickness is slightly greater with mountain cheese on top

## Sleep
### Greece

* Forest Inn Ecotourism Hotel$^{[deadlink]}$ at the Dadia-Lefkimi-Soufli Forest National Park. At the edge of the hotel is the information centre, where the National Park Management Organization has a permanent exhibition of photographs and audiovisual material as well as a souvenir shop. Visitors are transported by bus to the observatory, where they have the opportunity to watch the birds with telescopes at the tavern. For hikers, there are specially engraved and marked paths through the forest.
* Forest Village of Erymanthou at Drymos Forest, at an altitude of 1,350 m. It consists of twelve wooden self-service dwellings which are a great place to stay in summer as in winter. A restaurant is located in the Forest Village, offering also coffee and refreshments, and operates Saturday–Sunday.
* Elatia Forest Village, within the Rodopi Mountains National Park (75 km from the city of Drama), ☏ +30 25210-57841 (Drama Forest Inspectorate), +30 25210-57827, +30 25210-91338 (or Forest Village of Elatia), +30 25210-91339. In the area of the Forest of Elatia, owned by the Forest Department. Accommodation is in log cabins, free of charge but arrangements with the Forest Inspectorate must be made well in advance. (updated Aug 2017)
For those who need more comfort and a greater choice of restaurants the villages Didymoteicho, Stavroupoli, Paranesti are good places to stay as a starting point into the Rhodopes.

## Stay safe

The area is partly very solitary and you can walk for hours without seeing other humans. In many areas are no restaurants, hospitals or any infrastructure. It is advisable not to go alone into the forests.

## Go next
### Greece

* Kavala – A harbour town with scenic old town. Ferry boats to Thasos Island start here.
* Thasos – One of the most beautiful Greek islands.
* Samothrace – A small island of stunning natural beauty and peaceful silence.
* Chalkidiki – One of the main Greek tourist areas with hundreds of beaches.

### Bulgaria

* Plovdiv – The second-largest city in Bulgaria, and one of the oldest settlements in Europe.
* Melnik – A photogenic traditional town with wineries and wine cellars.