OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Web Economy/20
## TCO Strategy

This is a lesson part of the module The Web Economy out of the Open Source ERP/Executive Diploma course conducted by a private university.

## Topics

* Open Source is no longer just confined to lower stack technology such as Operating System and Database. It now includes Business Functions and Intellgence.
* The ROI on using Open Source ERP is higher than Linux or OpenOffice if the licensing costs of proprietary ERP are exhorbitant such as 100 times higher.
* However ERP is a complex area and requires specialist subject matter exerptise (SME). That by itself is very high TCO and having the free software does not really anything if there are no one around who knows the part about applying it to a real business operations and environment.
* The consolation is that implementation costs are an inescapable fact and even higher if carried out by proprietary software vendors.
* As such as strategy has to look at working out the resource management and long term sustenance of an FOSS ERP endeavour.
* High number of failures are due to inavailability of resources in the market irrespective of whether FOSS or otherwise is used.
* There has to be a change of priority such as having a more longer learning period or scoping easier targets in order to achieve success.
* There are ideas such as sharing the implementation with other similar clients so that the consultant or vendor providing it has more to work on and thus make enough to want to taking up the FOSS ERP project in the first place.

### Assignment Tasks

* What skillsets does ERP require?
* What significant savings if an organisation uses Open Source ERP instead of proprietary ones?
* How much are the costs of many ERP implementations in the market?
* What are their success rate and other constraints in their implementations?
* How can OS ERP resolve their pains and be comparatively better?
* What other ideas do your group have as a better strategy than what is stated before?

### Activities

* Publish your works in an attractive manner in your user page, stating your own views and findings providing links to your sources. Use the talk page here to score marks.
* Create or edit sub-pages of course materials within wikiversity.
* Discuss in the forum (link shall be provided) by offering your ideas and answering or comment on others' postings.

## Links to Student Notes

(Provided by Students - subject to edit ranking by tutor)

## Notable Links to Resources

(Provided by Students - subject to edit ranking by tutor)

## Sub-Pages

(Done in wikiversity as course material by the students under the guidance of the tutor)

### Course Navigation

Next - Branding Philosophy >> The Web Economy/21
# The Web Economy/17
## Why Isn't Everyone Using Linux?

This is a lesson part of the module The Web Economy out of the Open Source ERP/Executive Diploma course conducted by a private university.

## Topics

* Even though Linux is free and MS Windows is not, we still find a minority having Linux on their desktops.
* Main reasons seems to be the comfortable culture from using MS for a longer time and the lack of expertise handling Linux.

### Discussion

* Research the statistics and trends of Linux vs MS usage around the world and in your particular country.
* Are there training centres or institutions promoting Linux around your place?
* Can you master Linux enough to have it on your own PC?
* What do you think are the real reasons why people are not switching from MS Office to OpenOffice?

### Activities

* Publish your works in an attractive manner in your user page, stating your own views and findings providing links to your sources. Use the talk page here to score marks.
* Create or edit sub-pages of course materials within wikiversity.
* Discuss in the forum (link shall be provided) by offering your ideas and answering or comment on others' postings.
# The Web Economy/21
## Branding Philosophy

This is a lesson part of the module The Web Economy out of the Open Source ERP/Executive Diploma course conducted by a private university.

## Topics

* Most consumers buy brands. Every product is a brand. They choose brands according to what they can identify and believe in, the brand image and promise.
* Brands take a long time to build, expect 5 years.
* Branding can be the most expensive part or value of a product.
* In cyberspace a brand can be easily displace due to low barrier of entry.

### Discussion

* What is the most expensive brand in the world and why?
* How does software companies brand itself before the web? In the web?
* How does new software fight against established brands?
* What do you think about Europe branding Open Source?

### Activities

* Publish your works in an attractive manner in your user page, stating your own views and findings providing links to your sources. Use the talk page here to score marks.
* Create or edit sub-pages of course materials within wikiversity.
* Discuss in the forum (link shall be provided) by offering your ideas and answering or comment on others' postings.
# Tips for journalistic writing
## Tips for writing

Qualities that most news stories must possess:
* Topicality (is the subject interesting?; is it current?)
* Completeness (document the who, what, where, when, how; and if possible, why)
* Accuracy (use at least two distinct sources for each fact you report)
* Impartiality (interview all sides)
* Verifiability (name sources where possible)
Skills
* research
** interviews
** going under cover
** documentation
** short-hand
** background reading
* composition/recording
* publishing

### Seven tips on better writing

In the 1946 book, Shooting an Elephant and Other Essays, author George Orwell devised 6 easy tips to make anyone a better writer. To paraphrase him, they are:
* Never use the passive voice when you can use the active voice.
* Shorter is better in sentences and paragraphs. If it is possible to remove a word from a sentence, cut it.
* Shorter is better in word choice. Never use a long word when a short word will do.
* Do not confuse your reader with uncommon words. Never use foreign phrases, scientific jargon or high-tech "buzzwords" if you can think of an everyday English equivalent.
* Never use cliché metaphors, similes or other figures of speech that you are used to seeing in print. Be original.
* Be polite — even when you disagree. Break any of the above rules before you write anything offensive or outrageous. Avoid personal attacks, do not exaggerate the situation, and do not use sarcasm or hyperbole. Otherwise, you risk losing credibility in the eye of the reader.
* It is important to capture the most important facts in a new article before divulging into the details. Some readers will only have time to check the first paragraph or so of a news article (Inverted pyramid style).
# Tiny Core Linux

Tiny Core Linux is probably the smallest Linux distribution available. It is being developed by Robert Shingledecker (of Damn Small Linux fame) as "a nomadic ultra small desktop capable of booting from cdrom, pendrive, or frugally from a hard drive".
This is a Learning by doing module.

## Get Tiny

Go to http://distro.ibiblio.org/pub/linux/distributions/tinycorelinux/release/ and download either bootfloppy.dd or preferably tinycore_1.4.iso. You'll need to copy these as bootable images.
NOTE: If you are new to Linux and working from a Windows® machine you should learn about RaWrite.

## Run core

After you burn it you can learn it! TCL doesn't need your hard drive to run. It runs from RAM like a live CD. Just leave the disc in the drive and reboot your computer. You may have to go into the BIOS and change the "boot order".

## Learn Linux

When TCL boots (loads itself into RAM), it quickly produces a very simple Graphical User Interface via a window manager called Tiny X. Three icons appear at the bottom of the window:

### Terminal

Open the terminal application. At the command prompt type: ls /bin
This will show you all the commands (utilities) contained in BusyBox, a stripped down collection of the GNU Core Utilities.
Compare these with Basic commands in Linux.

#### Basic commands

Notice that your command prompt looks something like this:
tc@box:~$
The tilde (~) indicates that you are in your /home directory. Earlier you used the ls command to list the contents of the /bin or binaries directory. Now use the cd command to change directories to /bin.
Now your command prompt looks like this:
tc@box:/bin$
Now type ls with no arguments (just hit "Enter"). The resulting list is the same. Type cd with no arguments and you'll be taken back to your /home directory.
See Directories in Linux

### Control panel

Clicking on the middle icon on the desktop opens a set of buttons that allow you to setup and configure common functions and run various utilities. See a brief summary, Control Panel and a screenshot from wiki.tinycorelinux.com.

### App-browser

To download apps using the app-browser. Open app-browser and click apps -> cloud -> browse. This will load a library of app you can download, from there you can also search for apps. once you have found an app you want change the "Onboot" option to "download+load". let it download and done. :)
# Tissue and lymph fluid

Tissue fluid and lymph fluid are essential components of the body's fluid distribution and regulatory systems. Both fluids play crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis, supporting cellular functions, and contributing to the overall health of the body. Understanding their formation, functions, and interactions is key to comprehending how the body manages fluid balance, nutrient exchange, and immune responses.

## Tissue fluid:

Capillary walls have a very thin structure, with cells that are not closely attached to each other and have small gaps. As a result, some part of the blood plasma moves through the thin walls of the capillaries into the intercellular space. White blood cells also change shape and are forced out through the walls of capillaries, contributing to the formation of tissue fluid. This colorless clear fluid is formed from blood plasma and white blood cells, and it is located in the intercellular space. Tissue fluid serves as a bridge between cells, tissues, and blood, and it constitutes almost half of the human body weight.
Role of tissue fluid: Tissue fluid plays a vital role in providing cells with essential substances such as oxygen and nutrients, which diffuse from the blood and enter the cells through tissue fluid. At the same time, waste materials like carbon dioxide diffuse in the opposite direction and join the tissue fluid. Tissue fluid is the immediate environment that surrounds all the cells of our body, maintaining its physical and chemical properties more easily and performing functions such as temperature and concentration regulation.

## Lymph fluid

Plasma and white blood cells that diffuse out of the capillaries eventually return to the blood through lymphatic capillaries, which are smaller than regular capillaries. When tissue fluid infiltrates these capillaries, it becomes known as lymph fluid. Lymph fluid, a form of connective tissue, flows through lymphatic capillaries into larger lymphatic vessels and then drains into the subclavian vein, eventually returning to the blood. The flow of lymph fluid is slow, and it is primarily moved by muscle contraction.
Tissue fluid and lymph fluid are integral to the body’s fluid management and immune systems. Tissue fluid supports cellular health and nutrient exchange, while lymph fluid plays a critical role in immune defense and fluid balance. The dynamic interplay between these fluids ensures that the body maintains homeostasis and responds effectively to physiological challenges. Understanding their roles and interactions enhances our knowledge of bodily functions and informs the management of various health conditions.
# Titan/Quiz

Titan is a lecture about an astronomical object in orbit around Saturn.
This is a quiz based on the lecture.
Your are free to take this quiz at any time.
To improve your score, study the lecture/article and its links, including See also, External links.
Having the lecture open in a second browser window may help you to associate the content of the question with the lecture material.
Take the quiz as often as needed to improve your score, increase your familiarity with the subject, and improve your test-taking skills.
Enjoy learning by doing!
# US States/Alaska/21st century
## Industry
### Mining

Rare metals, zinc, oil, natural gas, coal, silver and gold are mined in Alaska. Most mining is inclusive to big companies, with the exception of gold mining.

#### Gold mining

Alaska has a goldrush, which largely closes down during the cold season. Gold mining is not inclusive to major corporations, as individual prospectors and small groups get involved. Mining vessels dredge gold from the Bering Sea, and in other places the land is excavated for gold.

#### Gas and oil

Oil is drilled from the arctic region, sometimes off of Alaska's northern coast.

### Fishing

Alaska's waters off of the Aleutian Islands are known for commercial fishing.
# US Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita/Measuring Worth

Most of the statistical computations summarized in the Wikiversity article on "US Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita" can be replicated by "knitting" the R Markdown code in this vignette in Rstudio.

## Process

* Open an instance of RStudio. If you don't already have it installed, you can go to "RStudio Cloud" and click "get started for free" (at least as of 2020-10-24). Or you can download and install free and open-source versions of it and R on your local computer. R is available from The Comprehensive R Archive Network. For RStudio, go to its website > Products (top center) > RStudio > "RStudio Desktop" > "Open Source Edition" > "Download RStudio Desktop".
* Start RStudio. Then File > "New File" > "R Markdown..." > Title: "Measuring Worth" > HTML > OK.
* Replace the default code in this new RMarkdown vignette on "Measuring Worth" with the text from the section below entitled, 'RMarkdown vignette on "Measuring Worth"'.
* Save.
* File > "New File" > "Text File".
* Copy the text from the section below entitled "nuc-references.bib" into this new empty text file.
* Save as "nuc-references.bib".
* Click the "Knit" icon; see the companion image. Or read the text and run the code chunks one at a time manually. The latter makes it relatively easy to look at intermediate computations carefully and experiment with changing things in different ways.

## RMarkdown vignette on "Measuring Worth"

* ↑ RStudio Cloud, Wikidata Q100799903.
# US Public Economics

Welcome to US Public Economics. You should know basic principles of micro- and macroeconomics before attempting this course. The goal of public economics is to understand the proper role of government in the economy. Researchers in public economics question what kinds of goods and services the government ought to provide, if any. Why does the government have a history of providing certain goods, like infrastructure and education? Along these lines, public economists also ask how the government ought to fund the provision of these goods and services. How much should the government tax its citizens, and what effect might those taxes have?

## Introduction to Public Economics

At the most fundamental level, public economics is the study of the government in the economy. You may consult the Wikipedia page on Public Economics, which defines Public Economics as "the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity."
Public economists are concerned with broad questions about when the government should become involved in the economy, how the government ought to become involved, what the effect of the government's involvement or disengagement might be, and why the government becomes involved in the way it does. However, we must remember that economists are not interested the ethical answers to these questions. For example, while refusing to provide education to racial minorities is obviously unethical and wrong, public economists are concerned with the economic impacts of such a situation. Additionally, public economists are focused on specific instances rather than broad analytical questions. While a question like "What is the effect of any taxation on citizens?" is interesting, public economists would be more focused on a question like "What is the effect of a 12% sales tax on alcohol on consumption? How much revenue would such a tax raise?"

## See Also

* Wikipedia: Public economics
# US States/Alaska

* Historical - Statehood and national historical sites
* 21st century - industry, education, innovation and economy

### Demographics

* Aleut
# US States/Alaska/Aleut
## Aleut

Aleut is a name given by the Russians to the people living on the southwest Alaska Peninsula and the islands now called the Aleutians.
Russian Orthodox priest Ivan Veniamminov, who lived in the Fox Islands from 1824 to 1834, did not equivocate on the topic of the origin of the name, writing in his detailed journal, "The inhabitants of these islands, called "Aleuts" by the Russians and all Europeans, called themselves Unangan"(p. 157). Veniaminov's writing is clear: The people called themselves Unangan; Russians and Europeans called them "Aleuts".

## Origin of the Name Aleut

The origin of the name Aleut, recorded by Veniaminov, is clear: "The local inhabitants received the name Aleut initially from the Russians (page 157). Again, Veniaminov's writing is clear: The name "Aleut" came from the Russians. Veniaminov traveled in the islands extensively, carefully studying the people and the language.
# US Army Branches
## Combat Arms

* Infantry
* Armor
* Field Artillery
* Air Defense Artillery
* Special Forces
* Corps of Engineers
* Aviation

## Combat Support

* Chemical Corps
* Military Intelligence
* Military Police
* Signal Corps

## Combat Service Support

* Quartermaster Corps
* Ordnance Corps
* Transportation Corps
* Adjutant General's Corps
* Finance Corps
* Chaplain's Corps
* Judge Advocate General's Corps
* Medical Corps
* Medical Service Corps
# US States

Learning all of the states by heart is not an easy task, since there are fifty of them. However, a visitor to the United States will have quite an advantage by being familiar with at least most of these, because each state has its own government that sets taxes and maintains roads as a federal government also does. States are not simply arbitrary provincial divisions, but instead divisions of the country that are familiar to residents.
This "course" is intended for those who are not familiar with the states (such as those who are not from the U.S.), but anyone can use it. It is an optional course in the Geography course series.

## List of states

Currently, not every state has its own article, but generally the most important ones do.
* Alabama
* Alaska
* Arizona
* Arkansas — the final "s" is pronounced like a "w"
* California
* Colorado
* Connecticut — the second "c" is not pronounced
* Delaware
* Florida
* Georgia
* Hawaii
* Idaho
* Illinois — the "s" is not pronounced
* Indiana
* Iowa
* Kentucky
* Kansas
* Louisiana
* Maine
* Maryland — the first syllable is emphasized, the final one is not
* Massachusetts
* Michigan
* Minnesota
* Mississippi
* Missouri
* Montana
* Nevada
* Nebraska
* New Hampshire
* New Jersey
* New Mexico
* New York — the main city, New York City, is the largest city in the U.S.
* North Carolina
* North Dakota
* Ohio
* Oklahoma
* Oregon
* Pennsylvania
* Rhode Island
* South Carolina
* South Dakota
* Tennessee
* Texas
* Utah
* Vermont
* Virginia
* Washington — not to be confused with Washington, D.C., on the other side of the country
* West Virginia
* Wisconsin
* Wyoming

## Quiz

When you feel like you know the states well and you are familiar with the information about the states, feel free to take the Quiz.
# School evaluation/Facilities and equipment

Facilities and equipment :
* Property
* School library
* • media center, learning resource center
* Detention room (during class time)
* Science rooms, laboratories, workshops
* Computer room
* Small rooms for courses
* Language lab
* Canteen
* Assembly hall, school hall
* Open-air sports facility
* Sports equipment on the schoolyard
* School garden
# School evaluation/Counseling and facilitation

Counselling and facilitation :
* Property
* Consultation
* • School counseling
* • Occupational counseling
* Facilitation
* • Individualized instruction, personalized learning
* • Remedial instruction, summer school
* • Private tuition in school
* • Student-teacher contracts, personal study plans and individual curricula
* • Ability grouping and/or tracking
* • Monitoring of individual learning motivation and individual learning progress
* • Extracurricular projects and courses that allow for interest-driven learning
* • Interest-driven learning in grades 5-7 (e.g. middle school)
* • Interest-driven learning in grades 8-10 (e.g. junior high school)
* Motivation
* • Motivation for mutual support among pupils (peer education)
* • Motivation through
* ... community
* ... codetermination
* ... involvement, co-operation
# School evaluation/Curricular and extracurricular offerings

Curricular and extracurricular offerings :
* Property
* All-day school
* Particular elective subjects
* Extracurricular offerings
* • Internships
* • Projects, working groups
* • Voluntary courses
* Learning to learn
* • Training of study skills
* • Learning by teaching, student-directed teaching
* • Cooperative learning
* • Self-study semester
* School sections, pedagogical emphasis or thematic priorities
* • Bilingual education
* • STEM (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics)
* • Societal thematic priority
* • Musical/artistic thematic priority
* • Athletic thematic priority
* • Vocational thematic priorities
# School evaluation
## Introduction

* Research suggests that a high level of school connectedness serves as a protective factor for a number of adverse behaviors. Adolescents who form a positive affiliation or bond with their schools are more likely than those who fail to form such bonds to engage in a variety of prosocial behaviors and to achieve their full academic potential, and they are also less likely to engage in problem behaviors such as fighting, bullying, truancy, vandalism, and substance use.
The evaluation sheets are meant to allow the user to conduct a school evaluation by himself. The user should assign points to every available property on the sheet and to additional properties that can be added manually. Adding the points for each school leads to the individual evaluation of the school according to the chosen weighting. The points column also allows to note down different qualities (e.g. available / good / excellent as 5 / 10 / 15). The corresponding value for each school can then be recorded in the column of the school. The evaluation sheets are generally of minor importance for the comparison of schools with different pedagogical approaches, as for instance Waldorf education and Dalton Plan schools.
Alternative evaluation sheets can be added even for topics that already exist if the properties to be evaluated by the sheet differ significantly enough to make the adaption of the existing sheet infeasible.

## Evaluation sheets

* Cross-age mentoring by peers may offer several advantages to school-based programs that utilize adult mentors, including reduced costs; simplified recruiting, training, and supervision of mentors; and the potential for benefiting both younger (mentee) and older (mentor) youth participating in the program.
| 1. Curricular and extracurricular offerings | — Particular elective subjects, extracurricular offerings, learning to learn, pedagogical emphasis or thematic priority |
| 2. Facilities and equipment | — School library, science rooms and other facilities |
| 3. Counseling and facilitation | — Consultation, facilitation, motivation |
| 4. Upbringing | — Participation, citizenship education, Buddy-Project, parent service |
| 5. Quality of education | — Certifications, standards and memberships; further quality assurance measures |