OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Digpatiya Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Chauki Ghat to Chausatthi Ghat
Digpatia and Causatthi Ghats

### Location

25º 18.292’ North and 83º 00.525’ East (Causatthi Devi Temple).

##### Exact location on a map

Digpatia Ghat and Causatthi Ghat (Causatthi temple, Rana Mahal: D 22 / 17)

#### Area

0.30ha (the main sacred area, ghat and temple complex)

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

The lower portion of Causatthi Ghat was built in 1830 by the king of Digapatiya (of Champaran, Bihar), that is how this is known as Digpatia Ghat. A beautiful and architecturally designed palace was built by the king at the ghat is an example of Bengali art and style. There are porches on both sides of the palace. Presently this is known as Sitarama Omkara Das Kashi ashram.

### Present state of conservation

No specific measures are adopted, except that the Temple Trust, local people, and local public groups look after its maintenance.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

No specific measures are taken to conserve and preserve the temple and the ghat, except to continue and maintain the daily religious activities by the local people.

### Ownership

The Causatthi Temple Trust; the ghat area by the Municipal Corporation.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Darbhanga Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Ranamahal Ghat to Tripurabhairavi Ghat
Darbhanga and Munshi Ghats

### Location

25º 18.335’ North and 83º 00.566’ East (Darbhanga Ghat, centre).

##### Exact location on a map

Darbhanga Ghat and Munshi Ghat

#### Area

0.052ha (the two ghats and nearby area)

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

Sridhara Narayana Munshi, a finance minister in the estate of Nagpur had built this ghat and partly the palatial building. After his name it was called Munshi ghat. In 1915 the Brahmin king of Darbhanga (Bihar) purchased this ghat developed in the form what it later on known as Darbhanga Ghat. In fact, this is an extended form of the Munshi Ghat.

### Description and History

The palatial building of Darbhanga Ghat is made of sandstone of Chunar, with a beautiful porches and Greek pillars. The strong steps for the roof were built in 1930. Of course, this area has been importance in the puranic context, but for its grandeur and architectural style this palace is very important.
In 1994 the Darbhanga palace was purchased by the Clarks Hotel Group, who named it as Brajrama Palace, and planned to transform it into five star hotel. They have already demolished almost half of the structure from the back. Its back perimeter is being extended and its height raised in order to make suitable for the use of the planned hotel. Of course it would be a lovely setting for the hotel with a view to attract a high class rich tourists from the west, however by the growth of essential infrastructural facilities the whole environment will face the problem of pollution, socio-psychological depression and harder common life.

### Present state of conservation

The Clarks Hotel Group is no way interested to preserve and maintain the heritage, aesthetic sense and to support the wellbeing of the local community. Thanks to some activist organisation which with the support of local people and judiciary presently stopped the demolishing and conversion process into hotel.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by the support of active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and system of Master Plan Development (and its judiciary control) the heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society.

### Ownership

The palatial building by Clarks Hotel Group; the ghat area by the Municipal Corporation.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Ranamahal Ghat to Tripurabhairavi Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site
Tripurabhairavi Ghat| Ranamahal Ghat to Tripurabhairavi Ghat]]====
* Jangambari Math Area
* Agastyeshvara (Agastakunda)
* Rana Mahal Ghat
* Darbhanga Ghat
* Munshi Ghat
* Ahilyabai Ghat
* Shitala Temple and Ghat
* Dashashvamedha Ghat and nearby Temples
* Prayageshvara and Shulatankeshvara Temples
* Rajendra Prasad (old Ghoda) Ghat
* Man Mandir and Man Singh Observatory
* Tripurabhairavi Ghat
⇒ Index
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Nepali Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Mir Ghat to Bajirao Ghat
Nepali Ghat

### Location

25º 18.578’ North and 83º 00.671’ East (Phuta Ghat, upper part).

##### Exact location on a map

Phuta and Nepali Ghats

#### Area

0.066 ha

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

Nepali Ghat represents the southern part of the Lalita Ghat, which was made pucca in 1902 by Nanhi Babu, under the patronage of the king of Nepal.

### Present state of conservation

Except for the temple and shrine trusts directly taking care of their properties, there are no specific action plans, programmes, or strategies for conserving and preserving the ghats. The trusts maintain their properties according to their own perspectives without specific plans.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by the support of active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control) the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society.

### Ownership

The temple and shrine related properties along the ghat are owned by the respective trusts; the houses and other properties by the inhabitants; and the ghat area is owned by the Municipal Corporation.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Phuta Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Mir Ghat to Bajirao Ghat
Phuta Ghat

### Location

25º 18.578’ North and 83º 00.671’ East (Phuta Ghat, upper part).

##### Exact location on a map

Phuta and Nepali Ghats

#### Area

0.066 ha

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

Phuta/ Naya Ghat was an old Yajneshvara Ghat site built pucca by Svami Maheshvarananda in the mid-19th century. In the nearby stream of the Ganga, the location of Vishal Gaja Tirtha is eulogised.

### The present state of conservation

Except for the temple and shrine trusts directly taking care of their properties, there are no specific action plans, programmes, or strategies for conserving and preserving the ghats. The trusts maintain their properties according to their own perspectives without specific plans.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by the support of active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control) the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society.

### Ownership

The temple and shrine related properties along the ghat are owned by the respective trusts; the houses and other properties by the inhabitants; and the ghat area is owned by the Municipal Corporation.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Jalashayi (Jalasen) Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Mir Ghat to Bajirao Ghat
Jalashayi Ghat

### Location

25º 18.513’ North and 83º 00.611’ East (Jalashayi Ghat, north part).

##### Exact location on a map

Jalashayi and Khiraki Ghats

#### Area

0.089 ha

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

Jalashayi Ghat is also called Jalasen Ghat. According to folk legend Lord Shiva sleep in the deep water of the Ganga at this ghat, that is how the name Jalashayi. The earlier description of this ghat was mentioned under the name Mokshadvareshvara Ghat, as narrated in the Giravana-padamanjari, a 17th-century text. It was believed that a portion of the corpse's spirit could go under the deep water to meet Shiva, which resulted in providing passage to heaven through the bliss of Shiva. This belief has converged into a ritual in which the corpse is first put into water near this ghat before being placed on the funeral pyre. In the early 20th century, the ghat was made pucca by Baldeodas Birla, who also built a rest house for the attendants coming with the corpse. However, presently, very few attendants take shelter in the rest house. No religious activities are performed at this ghat. The ghat serves as a ferry station for cremation and transporting the wood.

### Present state of conservation

Except by the rest houses directly taking care of its properties, there are no specific action plans, programmes and strategies for conservation and preservation of the ghats. The guest house trusts maintain their properties according to their own perspectives without specific plans. Many of such guest houses and buildings are illegally occupied by the residents there in.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by supporting active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control) the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society.

### Ownership

The rest house related properties along the ghat are owned by the respective trusts; the houses and other properties by the inhabitants; and the ghat area is owned by the Municipal Corporation.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Khiraki Ghat

[The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Detailed description of each heritage Site|Detailed description of each heritage Site]] - Mir Ghat to Bajirao Ghat
Khiraki Ghat

### Location

25º 18.513’ North and 83º 00.611’ East (Jalashayi Ghat, north part).

##### Exact location on a map

Jalashayi and Khiraki Ghats

#### Area

0.089 ha

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

Khiraki (“the window”) Ghat was earlier developed as a built structure from which attendants could watch the cremation. Presently, this is defunct. Nearby, under an old fig tree, there are several Sati stones, reminding the tradition of ‘religious suicide by the wives on the funeral of their dead husbands’. Close to the cremation ground, such stone statues showing husband and wife are commonly scattered.

### Present state of conservation

Except for the rest houses directly taking care of their properties, there are no specific action plans, programmes, or strategies for conserving and preserving the ghats. The guest house trusts maintain their properties according to their own perspectives without specific plans. Many of such guest houses and buildings are illegally occupied by the residents.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by the support of active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control) the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society.

### Ownership

The rest of the house-related properties along the ghat are owned by the respective trusts, the houses and other properties by the inhabitants, and the ghat area is owned by the Municipal Corporation.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Mir Ghat to Bajirao Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site
* Mir Ghat
* Phuta Ghat
* Nepali Ghat
* Lalita Ghat and Temples
* Samarajeshvara Temple
* Jalashayi (Jalasen) Ghat
* Khiraki Ghat
* Upper part of Manikarnika Ghat
* Manikarnika Ghat
* Bajirao Ghat
⇒ Index
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Sankatha Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Scindhia Ghat to Pancaganga Ghat
Sankatha Ghat

### Location

25º 18.729’ North and 83º 00.935’ East (Vashistha-Vamadeva Temple). 25º 18.730’ North and 83º 00.930’ East (Atmavireshvara Temple). 25º 18.733’ North and 83º 00.933’ East (Sankatha Devi Temple).

##### Exact location on a map

Scindhia and Sankatha Ghats

#### Area

0.0241ha (the temple compound and nearby area)

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

Following this lane if one goes towards the ghat one meets Parvateshvara (CK 7/ 156) on the left, and Vasukishvara and Samudreshvara on the right. After a short walk to the other side of lane one enters the temple of Sankatha Devi (“Goddess of dangers”), called Sankatha-Ji (CK 7/ 159), for she is the one who vanquishes dangers for her devotees. She was originally an ancient folk mother-goddess who later on mythologised as Shiva’s consort and her prayer eulogised her as the demon slayer. Her temple icon confirms this identity with the Great Goddess: She is shown with her foot on the vanquished demon, his bull’s head severed from his body. Entering the compound of Sankatha Devi one finds a large courtyard in the centre of which is an old holy-fig tree, with a number of tiny shrines tangled in its mass of roots. The principal one in the group is Sankataharana Hanuman. In the far corner of the compound is the entrance to the sanctuary of the goddess. Close by the gate are the lingas of Sagareshvara and Sankateshvara. The great door is flanked by the sacred cosmogram of Shri Yantra. The sanctuary is dark, lit only by the oil lamps on the altar. There are three recesses on the altar: the first one of divine gatekeepers (dvarapalas), the last one of Hanuman, and the central one occupied by the silver-masked image of goddess Sankatha Devi. Worshippers are allowed to touch the feet of the goddess, which is not common in other goddess temples.

### Present state of conservation

Except by the temple trusts and the local public organisations, those work on their own ways, there are no specific action plans, programmes and strategies for conservation and preservation of the ghats.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by the support of active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control) the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society.

### Ownership

The temples are owned by their Temple Trusts; the ghat area by the Municipal Corporation.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Agnishvara (Naya) Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Scindhia Ghat to Pancaganga Ghat
Agnishvara (Naya) Ghat

### Location

25º 18.839’ North and 83º 00.890’ East (Agnishvara, Patni Tola).

##### Exact location on a map

Naya-Ganesha and Mehta Ghats.

#### Area

0.21 ha

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

Agnishvara (or Naya) ghat is named after the puranic water-front tirtha in the Ganga, called Agni Tirtha, and the same temple (Patni Tola CK 2/1). This linga and tirtha are described in the Giravana-padamanjari, a 17th-century text. In Prinsep’s map (1822) this ghat is mentioned as Gularia Ghat which was made partly pucca a few years before. According to the KKT (p. 122), as mentioned in the Linga Purana, in the Ashtayatana Yatra, pilgrimage to eight directional lingas, this ghat is eulogised as the site for initiation and concluding rituals. Between Scindhia and Ganesha Ghats, five puranic sacred spots exist at the waterfront, viz. Vighnesha, Vira, Candra, Kala and Angara. In 1965, the government of Uttar Pradesh built this ghat pucca. Till 1985 this ghat was used as the centre of marketing sand and wood which were transported here by boats, however this practice has been banned here.

### Present state of conservation

Except for the temple organisations and the hospital taking care of their properties, there are no specific action plans, programmes, or strategies for conserving and preserving the ghats. The temple trusts maintain their properties according to their own perspectives.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by supporting active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control) the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society.

### Ownership

The respective trusts own the temple-related and hospital properties along the ghat, the inhabitants own the houses and other properties, and the Municipal Corporation owns the ghat area.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Rama Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Scindhia Ghat to Pancaganga Ghat
Rama–Jatar and Raja Gwalior Ghats

### Location

25º 18.924’ North and 83º 01.047’ East (Gwalior Ghat, centre).

##### Exact location on a map

Rama–Jatar and Raja Gwalior Ghats

#### Area

0.22 ha

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

Its reference is mentioned in the 17th century text, Giravana-padamanjari. Near Rama Ghat at the bank is the water-front puranic tirtha named Rama Tirtha, and there is a temple of Rama Pancayatana (the five images together). The name of the ghat is derived in this reference. There are three other water-front sacred spots, viz. Kala Ganga, Tamra Varaha and Indradhyumna. In 1665 the French traveller Jean Baptiste Tavernier paid visit to Varanasi and has described this ghat. It is obvious from this account that the ghat and Rama temple were built in the nearby past and were prominent in the scene. The Rama temple and the attached ghat both built by king of Jaipur (Rajasthan), Raja Savai Jaisingh. During the period of mass destruction of temples by the order of Mughal emperor Aurangazeb in late 1660s, this temple was also demolished. The present temple was built up in late 18th century. Other notable temples at this ghat are of Badri Narayana and Kala Vinayaka. Nearby to the latter one is a temple of Khandoba, a regional deity of Maharashtra, whose annual celebration takes place during 5th-8th light-half of Margashirsha (November/ December). This area is dominated by Maharashtrian people.

### Present state of conservation

Except by the temple organisations and the Estate Trust taking care of its properties, there are no specific action plans, programmes and strategies for conservation and preservation of the ghats. The temple trusts maintain their properties according to their own perspectives. [[|thumb|K 24/28 Ram Ghat That this building is illegal not only because it is built on the Ganga riverfront ghats in Varanasi after the year 2000 but primarily because it is built within 100 metres of an ASI protected monument (Dharhara Mosque), thereby violating the National Monument Act of 1958. Repeated FIRs filed by ASI (12.6.2000; 8.9.2001; 8.9.2003; 1.3.2004; 22.12.2004) against the owners of this illegal construction. Despite VDA issuing demolition orders for this illegal construction on 8 November 2005 and 28 June 2006, the illegal construction continues to exist since 7 years.]]

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by the support of active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control) the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society.

### Ownership

The temple related and estate properties along the ghat are owned by the respective trusts; the houses and other properties by the inhabitants; and the ghat area is owned by the Municipal Corporation.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Scindhia Ghat to Pancaganga Ghat

* Scindhya Ghat
* Sankatha Ghat
* Siddheshvari and other temples
* Pancakroshi Temple
* Gopal Mandir
* Ganga Mahala (II)
* Bhonshala Ghats
* Agnishvara (Naya) Ghat
* Ganesha Ghat
* Mehta Ghat
* Rama Ghat
* Jatar Ghat
* Raja Gwalior Ghat
* Mangala Gauri Ghat and Temple
* Veni Madhava Ghat
* Pancaganga Ghat and Temple
* Aurangazeb Mosque at Pancaganga Ghat
⇒ Index
# Linear Boolean functions

Linear Boolean functions are Walsh functions and their negations. A Walsh function is a variadic XOR (a.k.a. parity function). The set of arguments in that XOR can easily be expressed as an integer, which shall be called Walsh index.
The natural way to denote a linear function is as Walsh index and parity. Walsh functions have parity 0. Their negations have parity 1. Sometimes a more arcane notation is useful, namely as leader and quadrant. The leader is the Walsh index with the LSB leveled to 0. (So the leader is always an even number.) The tables below show the Walsh indices on gray and the quadrants on colored background. The Walsh indices of functions with quadrants 0 and 3 are evil numbers 0, 3, 5, 6... For quadrants 1 and 2 they are odious numbers 1, 2, 4, 7...
The columns marked with Ж show the Zhegalkin indices. Those of the Walsh functions are sequence  A358126. Those of the negations are bigger by 1.
See also Linear and noble Boolean functions.

## 2-ary

| Walsh weight | Walsh index | leader | Walsh | Walsh | Walsh | ¬ Walsh | ¬ Walsh | ¬ Walsh |
| Walsh weight | Walsh index | leader | Q | | Ж | Q | | Ж |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 15 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 10 | 2 | 1 | 5 | 3 |
| 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 12 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 5 |
| 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 6 | 6 | 3 | 9 | 7 |

## 3-ary

| Walsh weight | Walsh index | leader | Walsh | Walsh | Walsh | ¬ Walsh | ¬ Walsh | ¬ Walsh |
| Walsh weight | Walsh index | leader | Q | | Ж | Q | | Ж |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 255 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 170 | 2 | 1 | 85 | 3 |
| 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 204 | 4 | 1 | 51 | 5 |
| 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 102 | 6 | 3 | 153 | 7 |
| 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 240 | 16 | 1 | 15 | 17 |
| 2 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 90 | 18 | 3 | 165 | 19 |
| 2 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 60 | 20 | 3 | 195 | 21 |
| 3 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 150 | 22 | 1 | 105 | 23 |

## 4-ary

matrix :
| Walsh weight | Walsh index | leader | Walsh | Walsh | Walsh | ¬ Walsh | ¬ Walsh | ¬ Walsh |
| Walsh weight | Walsh index | leader | Q | | Ж | Q | | Ж |
| 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 | 65535 | 1 |
| 1 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 43690 | 2 | 1 | 21845 | 3 |
| 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 52428 | 4 | 1 | 13107 | 5 |
| 2 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 26214 | 6 | 3 | 39321 | 7 |
| 1 | 4 | 4 | 2 | 61680 | 16 | 1 | 3855 | 17 |
| 2 | 5 | 4 | 0 | 23130 | 18 | 3 | 42405 | 19 |
| 2 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 15420 | 20 | 3 | 50115 | 21 |
| 3 | 7 | 6 | 2 | 38550 | 22 | 1 | 26985 | 23 |
| 1 | 8 | 8 | 2 | 65280 | 256 | 1 | 255 | 257 |
| 2 | 9 | 8 | 0 | 21930 | 258 | 3 | 43605 | 259 |
| 2 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 13260 | 260 | 3 | 52275 | 261 |
| 3 | 11 | 10 | 2 | 39270 | 262 | 1 | 26265 | 263 |
| 2 | 12 | 12 | 0 | 4080 | 272 | 3 | 61455 | 273 |
| 3 | 13 | 12 | 2 | 42330 | 274 | 1 | 23205 | 275 |
| 3 | 14 | 14 | 2 | 49980 | 276 | 1 | 15555 | 277 |
| 4 | 15 | 14 | 0 | 27030 | 278 | 3 | 38505 | 279 |