OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lancea

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAN'CEA (λόγχη). A lance; a very long light spear, with a broad flat head, serving both as a pike and a missile (Virg. Aen. xii. 374.); commonly used by the Greek cavalry (Polyb. vi. 23. Festus, s. v.), and by huntsmen. (Apul. Met. viii. p. 156.) It had a leather loop (nodus) attached to the shaft (Sil. Ital. i. 318. Isidor. Orig. xviii. 7.), and intended for the purpose of enabling the horseman to mount. (Xen. R. Equest. vii. 1.) It is singular that we should have no good or undoubted representation of this weapon. The spear used by Alexander and those of the Greek cavalry in the Pompeian mosaic, representing the battle of Issus (woodcut, p. 200.), are not furnished with the particular appendage above mentioned, and their prodigious size is more characteristic of the contus than the lancea. In the engraved gem of the Stosch cabinet, which represents a Greek horseman mounting from his spear (Wink. Mon. Ant. Ined. 202.), the spear is not fitted with a loop, but with a projecting rest, or small platform, apparently of wood, standing out from the lower end of the shaft. But in a mutilated bas-relief published by Stuart (Antiq. of Athens, v. 3. p. 47.), containing a representation of two shields, and what appears to be part of the shafts of three spears, each of these has a loop affixed to them, similar to what is seen in the illustration (Lancea/1.1) here annexed, representing a broken spear lying on the foreground of the Pompeian mosaic above mentioned; and as the head of it is turned towards the Persians, it is quite clear that the artist intended it for a Greek weapon; the probability of its being a lancea is only inferred from the thong which surrounds its shaft.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lanceola

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAN'CEOLA. Diminutive of LANCEA. Capitol. Maxim. Jun. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lancicula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LANCIC'ULA. Diminutive of LANX. Arnob. ii. 59.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lancula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAN'CULA. Diminutive of LANX; and especially the scale, which was appended when necessary to one end of a Roman steelyard (statera). (Vitruv. x. 3. 4.) The illustration (Lancula/1.1) shows two steelyards found in Pompeii; one with a scale affixed to it, the other without the scale, but with a hook for holding the objects to be weighed.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Laniarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LANIA'RIUM and LANIE'NA (κρεωπώλιον). A butcher's shop. Varro, R. R. ii. 4. 3. Plaut. Epid. ii. 2. 17.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lanifica

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LANIF'ICA. A general term for a female employed in any of the processes connected with the working of wool, inclusive of the spinner, weaver, and the various names enumerated in the Classed Index. Vitruv. vi. 7. 2. Ulp. Dig. 33. 7. 12.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lanipendia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LANIPEN'DIA. The mistress of a household, or the superintendant in an establishment where the business of spinning and weaving wool was conducted. She weighed and gave out to her slaves or workwomen (quasillariae) a certain quantity of wool which each one was expected to consume in her work per day. (Juv. vi. 476. Schol. Vet. ad l. Paul. Dig. 24. 1. 38.) The illustration (Lanipendia/1.1) shows a female weighing the wool in a pair of scales, from a bas-relief in the Forum of Nerva at Rome, on which various other operations belonging to this branch of industrial labour are represented.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lanipendium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LANIPEN'DIUM. A room in which wool was weighed out to the workwomen for their daily task, as described under the preceding word. Inscript. ap. Romanelli. Topogr. Napolitan. ii. p. 273.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lanista

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LANIS'TA (μονομαχοτρόφος). A person whose occupation consisted in training gladiators to fight, and teaching them their art. He was sometimes the proprietor of a band of these men, whom he let out upon hire to any person desirous of exhibiting a gladiatorial show; but more commonly merely the trainer and fencing master appointed to instruct the companies belonging to the state. (Cic. Rosc. Am. 40. Id. Att. i. 16. Juv. vi. 215. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. iv. 242.) He is always represented on works of art in a tunic, and unarmed, but with a wand (virga), which he used as a token of authority; as shown by the annexed example (Lanista/1.1), which represents a lanista giving directions to a pair of gladiators, from a mosaic of the Villa Albani.
2. Avium Lanista. One who trained and backed game cocks, quails, and other pugnacious birds to fight; a favourite amusement both of the Greeks and Romans. (Columell. viii. 2. 5.) The illustration (Lanista/2.1) represents a pair of cocks, with their backers, under the usual form of genii from a terra-cotta lamp in the collection at Mostyn Hall.
* Lanista/1.1
* Lanista/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lanius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAN'IUS (κρεουργός). One who buys cattle to slaughter, and sell the meat; a butcher, or meat salesman (Varro, R. R. ii. 5. 11, Phaedr. iii. 4.); whence transferred in a more general sense to an executioner (Plaut. Pseud. i. 3. 98.); and to one who buys and sells cattle for slaughtering at the sacrifice. (Varro, l. c.)
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lanterna

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LANTERNA. See LATERNA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lanx

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LANX. A large circular dish, made of silver or other metals, and often richly embossed; particularly employed at great entertainments (Cic. Att. vi. 1. Pet. Sat. xxviii. 8. Id. xxxi. 10.) for holding meat or fruit; and at the sacrifice. (Virg. Georg. ii. 194.) The example (Lanx/1.1) is copied from one twelve figures, representing slaves bringing in various dishes at an entertainment, in a set of ancient fresco paintings discovered near the church of St. John of Lateran at Rome. It exhibits a boar brought whole to table in one of these dishes, precisely as mentioned by Horace (Sat. ii. 4. 41.) in a passage which would scarcely obtain belief, were it not confirmed by some other authority, such as that here produced.
2. Lanx quadrata (πίναξ). A square trencher, or platter, originally of wood, but subsequently of more costly materials; used as a plate to eat from, or as a salver for bringing fruit and other eatables to table; as shown by the annexed example (Lanx/2.1), from a mutilated Pompeian painting, which represents a slave bringing in a basket of fruit upon a square trencher to a party of three persons reclining at table, supposed to be intended for Scipio, Sophonisba, and Masinissa. Hom. Od. i. 141. xvi. 49. Aristoph. Plut. 990. Ulp. Dig. 34. 2. 20. Paul. ib. 6. 1. 6.
3. (τάλαντον, πλάστιγξ). The dish or scale of a balance (libra); so termed from its shallow circular form, which resembles that of the dish represented in the first illustration to this article. The annexed example (Lanx/3.1) exhibits a balance with the scales or lances suspended by chains, from an original found at Pompeii. Cic. Acad. iv. 12. Id. Tusc. v. 17. Pers. iv. 10.
* Lanx/1.1
* Lanx/2.1
* Lanx/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lapicida

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAPICI'DA. A quarry-man, who hews stone out of the quarry. Varro, L. L. viii. 62.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lapicidina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAPICIDI'NA (λατομεῖον). A stone quarry. Cic. Div. i. 13. Plaut. Capt. v. 1. 23.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lapidarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAPIDA'RIUS (λιθουργὸς, λιθοξόος, λιθοτόμος). A stone-cutter, lapidary, or mason, and, like our own terms, including the workers of marble as well as stone. (Pet. Sat. 65. 5. Ulp. Dig. 13. 6. 5.) The illustration (Lapidarius/1.1) represents two masons preparing a block of stone or marble, and a column for the building of Carthage, in the Vatican Virgil.
2. When used as an adjective, the word is expressive of anything connected or concerned with stone; as latomia lapidaria, a stone pit (Plaut. Capt. iii. 5. 65.); navis lapidaria, a vessel freighted with stone (Pet. Sat. 117. 12.); lapidariae literae, capital letters such as are cut out of stone in inscriptions. Id. 58. 7.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Laquearius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAQUEA'RIUS. One who makes, or ornaments with stucco work or gilding, the coffers of a ceiling. Cod. Theodos. 13. 4. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Laquear

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAQ'UEAR and LAQUEA'RE. (Virg. Aen. i. 726. Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 18.) Same as LACUNAR.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Laqueatores

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAQUEATO'RES. A class of gladiators very similar to the Retiarii, excepting that they made use of a noose or lasso, instead of a net, to hamper their adversaries before attacking them with their weapon. Isidor. Orig. xviii. 56.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Laqueatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAQUEA'TUS (φατνωτός). Applied to ceilings which are laid in coffers or panels, as explained and illustrated s. LACUNAR. Hor. Od. ii. 16. 11. Suet. Nero, 31.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Laqueus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAQ'UEUS (βρόχος). A cord with a slip-loop to it, forming a noose or halter for strangling (Sall. Cat. 58. Liv. i. 26.); or a snare by which wild animals, game, vermin, &c., were caught by the neck. Virg. Georg. i. 139.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lararium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LARA'RIUM. A sort of shrine, small chapel, or apartment where the statues of the Lares, or guardian-spirits of a household, as well as other sanctified or deified personages, were placed and worshipped. (Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 29. and 31.) Such an arrangement, however, was probably peculiar to particular individuals, or to great houses and persons of wealth, for the usual situation for images of the Lares was over or beside the hearth (focus) in the great hall or atrium of the house.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lares

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAR'ES. Tutelary spirits; according to the religious belief of the Romans, supposed to be the souls of deceased persons, who exercised a protecting influence over the interor of every man's household, himself, his family, and property. They were not regarded as divinities, like the Penates; but simply as guardian spirits, whose altar was the domestic hearth (focus) in the atrium, upon which each individual made offerings of incense to them in his own home. (Plaut. Aul. Prol. 2. Id. Merc. v. 1. 5. Quaranta. Mus. Borb. tom. xi.) They were likewise believed to exert their influence out of doors, where they became the overseers of every spot and place inhabited by men; as the streets, roads, fields, and buildings, both in town and country; whence they were distinguished by the epithets compitales, viales, rurales (Suet. Aug. 31. Plaut. Merc. v. 2. 24. Tibull. i. 1. 20.); and the household ones, familiares (Plaut. Aul. l. c.). They are constantly represented in works of art as young men crowned with a chaplet of laurel leaves, in a short tunic (succinctis Laribus, Pers. v. 31.), and holding up a drinking-horn (cornu) above their heads, as exhibited by the annexed figure (Lares/1.1), from a bas-relief in the Vatican, under which is the inscription LARIBUS AUGUSTIS. The accessory of the drinking-horn has induced many antiquaries to take these figures for cupbearers (pocillatores); but the inscription just mentioned is sufficient evidence of their real characters; and they are repeatedly seen on the walls of the Pompeian houses, in kitchens, bakehouses, and over street doors, standing in pairs, one on each side of an altar, in the exact attitude and drapery here shown.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Larva

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LARVA. A ghost or spectre; i. e. according to the religious belief of the Romans, an evil spirit, supposed to be the soul of a departed being, which, in consequence of crimes committed during life, was deprived of repose in death, and left to wander about the world without any fixed abode, tormenting, frightening, and injuring mankind. Its influence, however, only extended to evil-doers, being innoxious to those who were themselves innocent (Plaut. Amph ii. 2. 154. Id. Capt. iii. 4. 66. Apul. Deo Socrat. p. 689. Augustin. Civ. Dei, ix. 11.); nor was it supposed to be possessed of any corporeal substance, beyond the frame of a skeleton. Seneca, Ep. 24.
2. (μορμολυκεῖον). A bug-bear or hobgoblin, to scare and frighten children; consisting of a mask for the face; but differing from persona, because it is only applied to those which possess unsightly features. (Hor. Sat. i. 5. 64.) The illustration (Larva/2.1), taken from a painting found in an excavation at Resina, represents one genius frightening another with a larva of this description.
3. An artificial figure of a skeleton, which the ancients were fond of introducing at entertainments, as a memento of the uncertainty and shortness of life, and consequent inducement to make the most of the present hour (Pet. Sat. xxxiv. 8. Apul. Apol. p. 507.); a custom which originated with the Egyptians (Herod. ii. 78.), from whom it passed to the Greeks and Romans. Zonar. iii.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lasanum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LAS'ANUM (λάσανον). Properly a Greek word, which the Latins express by Sella familiarica; a night-stool (Hor. Sat. i. 6. 109. Pet. Sat. xli. 9. xlvii. 5.); and as the original notion of the Greek word means a trivet for kitchen utensils to stand upon, it is easy to imagine the exact nature of a Greek and Roman lasanum.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lateraria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LATERA'RIA. A brick-field. (Plin. H. N. vii. 57.) The example (Lateraria/1.1) from a painting at Thebes in Egypt, represents and Egyptian brick-field, but shows exactly the same process as still pursued; the men at the bottom are digging up the brick earth, and loading it in baskets, while the one at the top lays the bricks already made in wooden moulds.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Laterculus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LATER'CULUS (πλινθίον). Diminutive of LATER; a brick of smaller dimensions than the pentadoron or tetradoron; whence, any thing made in a rectangular form, like a small brick, as a piece of pastry. Plaut. Poen. i. 2. 115. Cato, R. R. 109.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Latericius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LATERIC'IUS (πλίνθινος). Built of brick; opus lateritium, brick work. Vitruv. ii. 8, 9. and 16. Columell. ix. 6. 4. See PARIES.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Laternarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LATERNA'RIUS. The slave who carried a lantern before his master at night. (Cic. Pis. 9. Val. Max. vi. 8. 1.) In the army the soldiers likewise carried lanterns upon nocturnal expeditions. Veg. Mil. iv. 18.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Laterna

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LATER'NA or LANTER'NA (ἰπνός, φάνος). A lantern; the transparent parts of which were made in early times of horn or bladder, and subsequently of glass. (Plaut. Amph. Prol. 149. Mart. xiv. 61. and 62. Isidor. Orig. xx. 10. 7.) The annexed illustration (Laterna/1.1) shows the section of a circular bronze lantern found at Herculaneum. The low cylinder at the bottom contains the lamp; the sides are made of transparent horn, without any door; but the cupola-shaped lid is perforated in several places to admit air, and permit the escape of smoke; and it could be raised up by means of the upper cross-bar and chain attached to it; which, at the same time, served as a handle to carry it by when let down, as is represented in our engraving.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Later

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LATER (πλίνθος). A brick; composed of argillaceous earth, formed in a mould, and dried in the sun, or baked in a kiln. The bricks of the Greeks and Romans were much larger and also much thinner than those made by us; and each brick was stamped with the name of the maker, and the year in which it was made. Fancy bricks were made in moulds of all shapes and sizes, to imitate the same forms as were produced by the chisel in a stone or marble structure; but the ordinary building bricks were mostly square in form, oblong square, or triangular, and were made of the comparative sizes and shapes exhibited in the annexed woodcut (Later/1.1), from originals selected amongst the ruins of Rome. The largest, called pentadoron, is 22 inches square, and 21 lines thick; the next size, called tetradoron, about 16 inches square, and from 18 to 20 lines thick; the smaller one placed over it, 7½ inches square, and 1½ lines thick; the small oblong square, on the extreme right of the woodcut, called Lydius, is about 1½ feet long, and half a foot broad; the triangular ones are made of different sizes, and form either an acute or a right-angled triangle; the manner of using them may be seen at the top of p. 241. Vitruv. iii. 2. 3. Plin. H. N. xxxv. 49.
2. Later crudus (πλίνθος ὠμή). A brick dried in the sun without being baked. Varro, R. R. i. 14. 4. Plin. H. N. xxxv. 49.
3. Later coctus or coctilis (πλίνθος ὀπτή). A brick baked in the kiln. Varro, R. R. i. 14. 4.
4. Later aureus, argenteus. An ingot, of gold or silver, in the shape of a brick. Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 17. Polyb. x. 27.