OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thelemic Ethics

The ethics of Thelema may be summarized in its most oft quoted axiom "Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law." Crowley writes, "There are no "standards of Right." Ethics is balderdash. Each Star must go on its orbit. To hell with 'moral Principle;' there is no such thing; that is a herd-delusion, and makes men cattle. Do not listen to the rational explanation of How Right It All Is, in the newspapers." Essentially, in Thelema, what is "right" is to do your Will, and what is "wrong" is to restrict, inhibit, repress, or divert one's, and another's, Will.

### Liber OZ

The ethics, or rather the lack thereof in the context of ones Will, have been summarized in the short document, Liber OZ, the Book of the Devil, it's number being 77. It is often treated by Thelemites on par with the Decalogue. There is quite a bit controversy concerning it's fifth point:
    5. Man has the right to kill those who would thwart these rights.
However, given the liberties bestowed upon it's adherents, it is as most mild in comparison to the Quran, and other religious texts.

#### Resources

* Liber OZ by Aleister Crowley
* Duty by Aleister Crowley
* Ethics of Thelema by Erwin Hessle in Journal of Thelemic Studies, Vol.1 No.1, p.5-13
* Thelemic Values: a new view of morality by IAO131

### Related links

* Department of Thelemic Studies
* Basics of Thelema
* Metaphysics - The Thelemic Universe
* The Practice of Thelema
# Theology/Seminary Notes/06012009

May the Lord add His blessing to this report and effort to continue what Richard has started. By God's Good Grace, may Richard continue to be an inspiration and guide to our efforts.
Notes:
Age range was set at 8-18 Focus will be on Drama, with the first performance 3/29/09 at 6pm at Friendship Sancuary.
Writers were given the suggestion of a modern day Last Supper and to separate the parts into groups.
James Weaver was contacted and he can help do dance but will be limited in the times that he can help out.
A sign in/ flyer with list of program options could include: Tutoring, Drama, Singing, Dance, Art, Film, Television, and Basketball.
Program can be in cycles of month to month and a half. First cycle will be Drama.
Thank you and Praise God.
# Theology/Quiz

Theology is a stand-alone lecture, an outgrowth of the dominant group original research project. It is a lecture/article associated with religious studies. Please feel free to help with each.
Try this quiz to see if your native knowledge is already top-of-the-line or better. You are free to take this quiz at any time and as many times as you wish. It is part of Wikiversity's dedication to learning by doing.
To improve your scores, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{humanities resources}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* Australian Aborigines do not have a concept for a celestial heaven.
# What is science?

Welcome to the "What is science?" learning project. Participants in this project explore science and the relationship of science to other aspects of human life.

## General features of science

Science is concerned with knowledge that can be objectively verified. Objective verification of knowledge is a social process by which observations and ideas are explained in sufficient detail so that others can verify them. Science depends on careful observation of the world, often aided by contrived experiments and mathematical models that artificially simplify the behavior of complex systems. The results from many special purpose experiments and models can then be combined in order to understand the full complexity of real world phenomena. Thus, science depends on information received by the senses, but subjective experience is constantly tempered by skepticism and systematic doubt.
Scientists continually look for new ways to test what we think we know and understand. Scientific ideas are always tentative and are often modified and updated as needed when new observations become possible and new ways are found to combine old observations and ideas. Arguments from authority carry no weight in science. Repeated, independent verification of scientific results by means of multiple methods is the basis upon which scientific objectivity is built.
New sciences arise when new phenomena are discovered or new methods for scientific investigation become available. Some fields of study exist as protosciences with their investigators hoping to observe certain types of phenomena. For example, astrobiologists have not observed life in other star systems, but are attempting to find evidence to support the idea that life might exist beyond Earth and outside of the Solar System. It is not unusual for scientists to make predictions and then spend many years attempting to verify those predictions. As long as scientific methods are used and unverifiable claims are not made, such protoscience can exist as an important part of how scientific knowledge is extended to new domains.
In some cases, entire existing academic disciplines attempt to adopt scientific methods and make a transition towards greater scientific objectivity for that field. In contrast, pseudoscience is characterized by attempts to champion unverified claims as scientific without bothering to follow the scientific method.

### Exercises and discussion
#### Scientific revolutions

* In addition to the "quantum revolution", what are some examples of "scientific revolutions" which resulted in major changes in scientific understanding?

#### Protoscience

* What are some currently active protosciences or alleged protosciences? (Exobiology - searching for data)

#### Pseudoscience

* Discuss this list of pseudosciences and alleged pseudosciences.

#### Essays

* Essays relating to the w:Demarcation problem.
# What is a CPU?

The central processing unit (CPU) is the portion of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, to perform the basic arithmetical, logical, and input/output operations of the system. The CPU plays a role somewhat analogous to the brain in the computer. The term has been in use in the computer industry at least since the early 1960s. The form, design and implementation of CPUs have changed dramatically since the earliest examples, but their fundamental operation remains much the same.
# What is organic chemistry?

Organic chemistry was first developed in the 1770's when Torbern Bergman, a Swedish chemist made the distinction between organic and inorganic substances. Originally, organic chemistry was the study of the chemistry of living systems, but an experiment by Frederick Wöhler proved that an aqueous solution of ammonium cyanate (an inorganic compound) could be heated to produce urea, an organic compound:
This finding went quite contrary to the status quo of vitalism, and Wöhler met with dispute regarding his results. Vitalism had been the standard theory of organic compounds stating that there was an essential "vital force" required for the synthesis of organic products and thus only in living organisms could such processes occur (hence organic chemistry). However, the definition of organic chemistry has been refined to the study of carbon compounds as well as their unique structure, reactions, and properties.
Today we see the word "organic" as being used to distinguish between that which is derived from living organisms as opposed to that which is synthesized by a chemical process. However, while there may be clear benefits to the neglect of using synthetic compounds for nutrition, it is arguable that in certain occasions "organic" is better than "synthetic." An excellent example of this is the use ascorbic acid (vitamin C). In a pure sample, it is not a sound argument to state that "organic" vitamin C is more beneficial than "synthetic" vitamin C, because both substances are identical in all aspects.

### Making molecules is of central importance

For example, look at the drug Taxol. It is derived from the bark of a yew tree, and its anti-cancer activity was first recorded in 1964. Its unique mechanism of action was established in 1979, however clinical trials were delayed due to a supply problem. Finally in the 1990s Taxol was approved for treatment of ovarian, breast and non-small-cell lung cancers.

### The best selling drugs in the world

Organic chemistry generates wealth! Of course, understanding the shapes of molecules and how functional groups interact is essential in making molecules that will earn money.
| Product | Approval year | Lifetime sales ($) | Treatment | Class |
| Lipitor | 1996 | 140,750,000,000 | Dyslipidemia | Small organic molecule |
| Plavix | 1997 | 74,744,000,000 | Atherosclerosis | Small organic molecule |
| Seretide | 2001 | 72,249,000,000 | Asthma/COPD | Small organic molecule |
| Remicade | 1998 | 58,426,000,000 | Autoimmune diseases | Monoclonal antibody |
| Enbrel | 1998 | 56,632,000,000 | Autoimmune diseases | Fusion protein |
| Zyprexa | 1996 | 56,261,000,000 | Schizophrenia | Small organic molecule |
| Rituxan | 1997 | 51,962,000,000 | Autoimmune diseases | Monoclonal antibody |
| Diovan | 1997 | 51,903,000,000 | Hypertension | Small organic molecule |
| Nexium | 2001 | 48,175,000,000 | Gastroesophageal reflux | Small organic molecule |
| Singulair | 1998 | 43,246,000,000 | Asthma | Small organic molecule |
# Votian/Translative
## Translative

| | Singular | Plural |
| Translative marker | -kse | -ikse |

### Pronunciation

* Pronunciation of translative morpheme was lately -ssi e.g. tēssi (" for the journey "), mälehtühsessi (" for memory ")
* Pronunciation of translative morpheme was -hsi in the 19. century e.g. tšivehsi (" stone " singular translative ), sue̮hsi (" wolf " singular translative, Jõgõperä )
** Translative of the interrogative pronoun mi (" what ? ") is still mihsi (" What for? ") in many dialects, as well as missi or mis̄ .
* The final vowel of the suffix may be omitted depending in it's position in a sentence , but this is rare e.g. huллus̄ meni (" (She) went crazy. "), ve̮лgas̄ ve̮tamma ("We shall borrow.").
** The final e of this suffix went through a protofinnic sound change * e > i in the end of a word, but was preserved between the ta infinitive marker and a possessive suffix e.g. anna tupa tuллasse̮ni, rihi sōja e̮ллasse̮ni, лautad ̮ лahti tšävvässeni (" Give me a chamber where I could come, a warm room where I could be, open byres where I could go . ").

### Usage

Translative may express
* timeline - e.g. soлdatti tšüsü ȫssi ("The soldier asked permission to spend a night (here)."), ke̮лme̮ttomassi piäb ̮ e̮mme̮ллa tšiutto ("Before the third (? date) the shirt must be wowen.")
* duration - e.g. tulin siллe̮ ühessi tunnissi ("I came to you for an hour (only).")
* result, goal - e.g. lämmittǟs̄ tšihvassi ("It will be warmed up until boiling."), sai naize̮ssi t r i f o n ā tüttärē ("He married Trifona's daughter."), лauta krāzgattī musassi ("The table was painted black."), tē lühüpässi ("Make it shorter."), nī e̮li meil se̮nas̄ tehtü ("So was it agreed by us.")
* purpose, reason - e.g. nā tāria tēssi ("Here is some (local non-alcoholic) drink for you to your journey!"), antagā antē̮ssi ! ("Forgive!"), mis̄ tämä on hakka ? ("Why is she a crone?"), tē lühüpässi ("Make it shorter."), nī e̮li meil se̮nas̄ tehtü ("So was it agreed by us.")
* being in a certain condition or role - e.g. ī v a n a te̮i vīmezessi (" Ivan was the last one to bring something. "), ke̮лme̮ttomassi piäb ̮ e̮mme̮ллa tšiutto ("As a third task a shirt must be wowen."), tahte̮ e̮ллa ke̮ikke̮a ülepässi ("She wanted to be above everybody." Mati )
* a custom to do, a language to speak - e.g. pajatan vad́d́aлaize̮ssi ~ vad́d́akossi ~ vaissi ("I speak Votic (like a Votian)."), juttē̮ māssi ~ maissi ! ("Say it in Votic (or Ingrian = like they speak in the country side)."), kui on venäissi ? ("How is (it) in Russian?"), virossi (" in Estonian (Vironian) "), sōme̮ssi (" in Finnish (Lutheran way) ")

### Dialectal alternatives

* Votic of Ingria
** Eastern Votic dialect
*** Translative marker has an additional lative k e.g. ǖsessiG ("for a night"), vanassiG ("(to get) old").
# Votian/Second Person Imperative
## Votian Imperative
#### The second person (direct order)

| | Singular | Plural |
| Morpheme | -k | -ka'a |
* The morpheme -k is pronounced as -G in Eastern Votic dialect. All the other dialects both in Ingria and Estonia have lost the phoneme *k in the end of words e.g. tširje̮taG ~ tširjota (~ Alutaguse: kirjotta ~ kirjutta) ('Write!').
* The morpheme -ka'a
** Pronunciation of Ingria
*** depends in consonant gradation of suffixes
**** -gā after unstressed syllables of vowel stems e.g. tširjottagā ('Write!').
**** otherwise it is pronounced -kā e.g. e̮лkā ('Be!').
*** The vowel of any imperative suffix remains always the same regardless to vowel harmony rules e.g. jättägā ('Leave (it)!').
** Lüganuse dialect of Alutaguse
*** All the long vowels without primary stress have been shortened (influenced by Mid Estonian dialect).
*** The counterpart of g is semi-voiced G e.g. paluGa ('Beg!').
*** G has finally replaced even k in voiced environment (influenced by Mid Estonian dialect) e.g. e̮lGa ('Be!').
*** The vowel a alternates with ä in Lüganuse (and Kodavere) according to vowel harmony rules e.g. jättäGä ('Leave (it)!') vs. tuoGa ('Bring (it)!').

### Morphophonology

In all dialects both in Ingria and Estonia:
* Plural of the second person imperative takes a consonant stem if possible e.g. e̮лkā ('Be!').
* Singular of the second person imperative never follows any consonant stem e.g. e̮лe̮G ('Be!').
* Plural and singular of the second person imperative are always in opposite grades caused by consonant gradation in stems e.g. jättä-gā vs. jätä ('Leave (it)!') or page̮t-kā vs. pake̮ne̮ ('Escape!').

### Phonological history

* Plural of the 2. person's imperative -ka'a (< -*kata) is probably composed of imperative component -k + plural 2. person's ta.
* t was lost due to the consonant gradation in suffixes.
* a of the subsequent syllables melt into ā.
* Long vowels disappeared in the dialects of Estonia.

### Other Finnic dialects

* Singular
** Standard Finnish : lue (~ lue-k in some dialects) ('Read!')
** Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : luve ('Read!')
** Vepsian dialects : luge ('Read!')
** Hevaha Ingrian : lue-G ('Read!')
** Standard Estonian : loe ('Read!')
** Võro dialects : ann̆a-ʔ ('Give!')
** Livonian dialects : lu ̉-G ('Read!')
* Plural
** Standard Finnish : luke-kaa ('Read!')
** Savo dialects : anto-a < *anta-k̆at̆a ('Give!') (due to the consonant gradation in suffixes)
** Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : luge-kki̮a ('Read!')
** Lude Karelian dialects : luge-gat̄ ('Read!')
** Vepsian dialects : luge-gat ('Read!')
** Ingrian dialects : luGe-Gā(n) ('Read!')
** Standard Estonian : luge-ge ('Read!')
** Old scriptures in Tartu dialect : wöt-ket ('Take!') (by Joachim Rossihnius)
** Livonian dialects : lu ̉ggi-giD ('Read!')
# Votian/Terminative
## Terminative
### Postposition

| | Singular | Plural |
| Terminative marker | -'n saak' | -i'n saak' |

#### Phonological history and morphophonology

* This kind of Votian, Ingrian, Livvi Karelian and Vepsian terminative marker has been developed from a postposition, which is still used by other Baltic Finnic dialects with illative or allative e.g. Finnish tä-hän saakka (" until this ~ here" ), raja-lle saakka (" until the border " )
* In Votian dialects it still contains an illative marker
** in singular mahāssā (" ground ")
** in plural ( laulomisīssā = " singing "), it usually follows a short plural genitive.
* In rare cases it smay contain an allative marker
** e.g. singular bābuškaллē̮ssā (" to the grandmother ")
Thus any terminative is in the same grade as genitive .
Many linguists of the 19. and 20. century marked this kind of terminative as a postposition rather than a case.
* Because this morpheme followed even doubled illative e.g. kotōse ssā (" till home "), wäsümǟse ssā (" till fatigue ")

#### Pronunciation

* The terminative suffix is pronounced -ssā . It does not vary according to vowel harmony e.g. лe̮una-'n saak' > лe̮unāssā ("lunchtime" singular terminative ), mätše-'n saak' > mätšēssā ('hill' singular terminative ), me̮лe̮pe̮-i'n saak' > me̮лe̮pīssā ('both' plural terminative )

#### Agreement

* Unlike in most of the other cases in terminative there is no agreement between adjectives and nouns in case, but a noun follows an adjective in genitive , illative or allative e.g. puisìje̮ rattīssā (' wooden barn ' plural terminative).

#### Usage

Terminative may express
* timeline - e.g. e̮limma pe̮ллoллa лe̮unāssā (' We were on the field until noon .'), puлmia mändžittī ōmnikkōssā (' The weddings were held until morning .'), e̮limma eittsezä vaлge̮tikkōssā (' We were herding till sunrise .'), tämä e̮li e̮nne̮va vanāssā i surmāssā (' He was happy till his old age and death .')
* limit and destination - e.g. vad́d́aлaisī tšüliä on л a u k ā s s ā (' There are Votic villages up to Lauga river .'), kanava menep ̮ k a t t i л a л л ē̮ s s ā (' The canal continues till Kattila village .'), anna miллe̮ babuškaллē̮ssā tšävvä (' Let me go to my grandmother! '), jōhsi kotōssā ("She ran until home.")
* limit and degree - e.g. on täünnǟ pōлē̮ssā ("It's half filled."), tšävi ke̮лmē̮ ke̮rtāssā ("She went three times."), sȫ ke̮ikke̮a e̮ttsāssā ("Eat it all!")

### Dialectal alternatives

* Votic of Ingria
** Eastern Votic dialect
*** The final -k is pronounced as -G in Eastern Votic dialect. All the other dialects both in Ingria and Estonia have lost the phoneme *k in the end of words e.g. siлtāssāG ("until a bridge"), mettsǟssāG ("until a forest"), kreipostīssāk̄ ("until a fortress") Itšäpäivä dialect.

### Other Finnic dialects

* Finnish dialects : maa-han saakka (" to the ground ")
* Livvi Karelian dialects : lag-essah (" to the ceiling ")
* Vepsian dialects : ma-hasse̮i (" to the ground ")
* Ingrian dialects : mā-hāssa (" to the ground ")
* Standard Estonian : ma-ha saati (" to the ground ")
# Votian/Prolative
## Prolative

| | Singular | Plural |
| Prolative marker | -tsen | -itsen |

### Pronunciation

Pronunciation of prolative morpheme varies according to vowel harmony -tsē̮, -tsē e.g. aлe̮tsē̮ (" (passing) below (something) " singular), ülitsē (" (passing) above (something) " plural)

### Usage

Prolative has been preserved only in adverbs .
It may express
* passing via certain location - e.g. mānaлatsē̮ (" (passing) underground " ), maitsē (" via dry land " plural), meritsē (" via the sea " ), peritsē (" via the back-side " ), ümperitsē ("around" )

### Other Finnic dialects

* Finnish dialects : yli-tse (" from above ")
* Karelian dialects : ala-t́t́š́i (" from below ")
* Vepsian dialects : ǵäŕvi-tši̮ (" via the lake ")
* Ingrian dialects : mai-tseG (" via the dry land ")
* Estonian Western dialects : üle-tsi (" upwards ")
# WikiJournal of Medicine/Applications/Web of Science

WikiJournal User Group Open access • Publication charge free • Public peer review • Wikipedia-integrated
WikiJournal of Science
WikiJournal of Humanities
WikiJournal of PPB
Editorial guidelines Ethics statement Bylaws Indexing Financials and reports 1-year/3-year plan Proposed platform Meeting minutes Calendar
WikiJournal User Group is a publishing group of open-access, free-to-publish, Wikipedia-integrated academic journals. <seo title=" Wikiversity Journal User Group, WikiJournal Free to publish, Open access, Open-access, Non-profit, online journal, Public peer review "/>

## Web of Science application

WoS has no minimum publication volume to be eligible for evaluation, but they require journals to have 'published a body of work that accurately represents the full scope of that journal'. Given that, it is probably reasonable for WikiJMed to begin drafting its application.
* Summary of Evaluation Process and Selection Criteria
* Extended Evaluation Process and Selection Criteria
* FAQ
There are two relevant levels, primarily based on calculated impact factor relative to similar journals in the field :
* Emerging Sources Citation Index
* Science Citation Index Expanded

## Form fields

* Journal title
** WikiJournal of Medicine/
* ISSN(s)
** 2002-4436
* Journal homepage URL
** www.wikijmed.org
* Editor-in-Chief
** Mikael Haggstrom
* Journal country
** USA
* Publisher country
** USA
* Publisher
** WikiJournal User Group
* Journal language, including whether specific elements are in English language or Roman script
** English (primary)
* Publisher address
** Connecticut
* First year of publication
** 2014
* Frequency
** Continuous
* The number of research and review articles published in the past calendar year
** 5 (Oct-Oct)
* Most recent issue/publication
** 2021
* Publication model (fully subscription, fully open access, hybrid)
** fully OA
* Name of partnering society, if applicable
* Journal ownership and contact information for owning or co-owning organization (Publisher/Society/Association/Institution/co-owned)
** Publisher
* Suggested Web of Science category
** General Medicine, Medical informatics, Physiology
* Statement of peer review policy URL
** WikiJournal of Medicine/Ethics statement
* Statement of publication ethics URL
** WikiJournal of Medicine/Ethics statement
* Whether the journal checks articles for plagiarism
** Yes
* Whether the journal has DOIs, consecutive page numbering, and/or article numbers
** DOIs, article numbers
* Access information for our Editorial team to review content
* Contact information for the primary editorial contact, production contact, and the submitter of the journal
** editorial contact = Mikael Haggstrom
** production contact = same as editorial contact
** submitter = Thomas Shafee
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