OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Biogeochemical Selectiveness of Cedars Over Metamorphic Rocks of the Escambray Complex, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba/Introduction

Regardless the abundance of vegetation in Cuba, there has not been any systematical application of biogeochemical sampling techniques, nor of biogeochemical studies, except for those done by the geological enterprises of Pinar del Río and Santa Clara (Fig. 1).
Since 1986, geologist from Pinar del Río's enterprise, have been using the geochemical analysis of the ashes from ferns, to survey tungsten-tin outcrops, as an auxiliary method, with relatively good results.
In 1987, I conducted a geobotanic study at the Isabelita's quartz-gold mine, in Sancti Spíritus, with specialists in botany from the University of Santa Clara and the Agricultural Ministry of that Province. We discovered a clear deformation of the leaves of those mahoganies which grow in the area of the outcrop, and also realized that we always found large quantities of a little shrub named "piña de ratón" (mouse's pineapple), almost exactly over the arsenic-gold anomalies.
Another field investigation was conducted in 1988, in Cumanayagua, Sancti Spíritus, over a pyrite-copper outcrop. These experimental works were directed by chief-geologist Hector Nuñez Mantilla, and by Gilberto Brito Valdespino, a former member of the Centre of Geological Investigations from Havana. I was in charge of the interpretation of the geochemical data. The main objective of this note is to inform about the results of this study.
# Biogeochemical Selectiveness of Cedars Over Metamorphic Rocks of the Escambray Complex, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba/Licensing

I, the author of this work, hereby publish it under the following licenses:
Additionally, the original uploaded version of this book is also released under the following license:
# Biogeochemical Selectiveness of Cedars Over Metamorphic Rocks of the Escambray Complex, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba/Acknowledgement

I deeply appreciate the help given by the chief-geologist of the studied area of Cumanayagua, eng. Héctor Nuñez Mantilla, during the sampling period. His expertise and knowledge of the geology of the area were very useful for the interpretation of the results.
I also thank the advice given by my friend and college, eng. Orestes Romero Loynaz, and the excellent work preformed by the Laboratory Group of the Enterprise Santa Clara in the processing and analysis of the samples.
Finally, I'll like to thank Andrew Whitworth for his continuous support on helping us editing these books.
# Biogeochemical Selectiveness of Cedars Over Metamorphic Rocks of the Escambray Complex, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba/Study Area

The studied area is located 10 km Northwest at Cumanayagua, in Central Sancti Spíritus, on the South flank of the Escambray Mountains. There are several small pyrite-copper outcrops in the area, and also talc and other nonmetallic outcrops neighbouring to the Northeast.
In general, the soil sampling method is sufficiently effective, but very hard to perform due to the mountainous conditions. This is one of the main reasons for testing the effectiveness of biogeochemical methods in the area.

## Notes on the Geology of the Area

The area of study is located within the metamorphic complex of the Escambray, in Central Cuba. All formations represent the low-phases of dynamic metamorphism, characteristic for the border of the metamorphic cupola.
Accordingly to Nuñez Mantilla (1988), the selected sector (Fig. 2), is represented by four Cretaceous formations: The S.G.L. formation is the larger exposed in the area. It's composed mainly by dark schist-graphite limestone. A total of 13 sampling points corresponds to this formation.
The L.G.S. formation is the second larger uncover in the area. It's composed chiefly by grey schist with a limestone-graphite matrix. In this formation we have 10 sampling points.
The H.A.R. formation is composed by rocks with a high degree of hydrothermal alteration, which include the substitution of carbonates by silica, chlorite, etc. A total of five sampling points falls on this formation.
The O.S. formation is composed mainly by dark orthoschist. His presence in the area is very limited, which explains that only four sampling points fall on it.
# Biogeochemical Selectiveness of Cedars Over Metamorphic Rocks of the Escambray Complex, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba/Cover

BIOGEOCHEMICAL SELECTIVENESS OF CEDARS OVER METAMORPHIC ROCKS OF THE ESCAMBRAY COMPLEX, SANCTI SPIRITUS, CUBA.
Ricardo A. Valls Alvarez Valls Geoconsultant
Special Edition for Wikibooks January 23rd, 2008
# Biogeochemical Selectiveness of Cedars Over Metamorphic Rocks of the Escambray Complex, Sancti Spíritus, Cuba/Conclusions

These results show the effectiveness of the biogeochemical method over the soil sampling method, which is the main geochemical method, used in this area for the survey of pyrite-copper ore bodies. Since the biogeochemical sampling is more effective, faster, less difficult to do, and it reduces the overall quantity of samples to be collected, it will be appropriate to gradually introduce this method in the area. Doing so, it should be remember that other experimental studies should be done, to obtain better results and to improve the general quality of the interpretation.
According to the results from table 25, the best parts of the Cedars to be sampled are the ends of young branches. However the flowers and the leaves give better results than the soil sampling. It is also possible to make a compound sample of branches, flowers and leaves.
These results are compatible with the general theory about biogeochemical sampling, and are also a demonstration of the effectiveness of biogeochemical samplings in tropical countries.
# Etymology/Quiz

Etymology is an introductory lecture for the course on the elements of terminology.
You are free to take this quiz at any time.
Once you’ve read and studied these pages and the links contained within, listed under See also, External links and in the {{terminology resources}} template, you should have adequate background to take the quiz.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
Enjoy learning by doing!
# Euclidean geometry

Geometry is a basis of understanding the physical world. Euclidean geometry is a basic form of geometry. If you look around, you will notice how there are all kinds of shapes and sizes. This study consisted of measuring angles, segments, points and shapes by comparison. Euclidean geometry is the study of flat space. A more recent pair of geometries, spherical and hyperbolic geometry (collectively known as non-Euclidian geometry) studies geometry on spherical and saddle shaped surfaces.
Euclidean geometry includes the ancient Greek's basic understanding of size, segments, and shapes. Axiom 2 fails to always hold on a sphere (antipodal points) and axiom 5 fails to hold on a curved surface in general. The rest of Euclidean geometry's axioms are true non-conditionally though.

## Lessons

* Euclid's axioms
* Obsolete definitions
* Introduction
* Proofs
* Congruency
* Euclidian geometry/Angle congruence
* Triangle congruence and similarity
* Parallel lines, quadrilaterals, and circles
* Pythagorean theorem proofs
* Functions

## Online access

* ELEMENTS OF EUCLID (Gutenberg.org)
* Wikibooks:Geometry
# Euclidean algorithm

In this lesson we learn about the Euclidean algorithm, an ancient algorithm for finding the greatest common divisor of two integers.
The idea is as follows. Let p,q be two integers. Let p<q. The greatest common divisor of p and q, denoted (p,q), is the same as (p,q-p), or (p,q-2p),... and so on. Since there is such a q-kp which is smaller than p, the problem is reduced to the simpler one of calculating (q-kp, p). And so on.
For more details and background, see w:Euclidean algorithm, and w:Euclidean domain.

## Try your hands on Euclidean algorithm

Substitute the following text into the sandbox:

### Sandbox

The greatest common divisor (g.c.d.) of 4689 and 2346 is ( 4689,2346 ) =(2346,2343) =(2343,3) =(3,0) =(0,Division by zero) The great common divisor is 3.
This Mathematics resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
# Euclidean geometry/Congruency
## Congruency

    Two things are congruent if they are the same. Okay, onto next topic...
    Wait a second; we didn't define that very well! That's okay. Congruency is a thing that is defined for everything that is used in geometry. For example, congruency can be defined for peanut butter jars
       Two jars of peanut butter are congruent if and only if they have jars of the same shape, are filled to the same height with peanut butter, and the peanut butter tastes the same for both jars.
    You could do a similar thing for gumballs, but that wouldn't be relevant to geometry, unlike peanut butter jars. Every element of geometry has its own definition of congruence.
    This is the symbol of congruence.
       $\cong$
    Now for some congruency definitions!
       Two line segments are congruent if and only if they have equal lengths.
       Two angles are congruent if and only if their measures of the angles are equal.
       Two points, lines, rays, or planes have no congruency definition.
    Actually, those three definitions will do for now!
# Euclidean geometry/Obsolete definitions

Axioms two and five of euclidean geometry are conditional or faulty. Some definitions have been improved by non-euclidean geometry for accuracy.

## Axiom five: parallel axiom

Axiom number five is known as the parallel axiom.
It states If a straight line falling on two straight lines makes the interior angles of the same side of it taken together less than two right angles than the two straight lines if produced indefinitely meet on that side on which the sum of the angles is less than two right angles.[source?]

## Theorem 16

Has been improved upon, for better use.
# Euclidean geometry/Euclid's axioms

Lesson One: Euclid's Axioms
Euclid was known as the “Father of Geometry.” In his book, The Elements, Euclid begins by stating his assumptions to help determine the method of solving a problem. These assumptions were known as the five axioms. An axiom is a statement that is accepted without proof. In order they are:
    1. A line can be drawn from a point to any other point.
    2. A finite line can be extended indefinitely.
    3. A circle can be drawn, given a center and a radius.
    4. All right angles are ninety degrees.
    5. If a line intersects two other lines such that the sum of the interior angles on one side of the intersecting line is less than the sum of two right angles, then the lines meet on that side and not on the other side. (also known as the Parallel Postulate)
To explain, axioms 1-3 establish lines and circles as the basic constructs of Euclidean geometry. The fourth axiom establishes a measure for angles and invariability of figures. The fifth axiom basically means that given a point and a line, there is only one line through that point parallel to the given line.
# Euclidean geometry/Parallel lines, quadrilaterals, and circles
## Summary of Chapter

To understand the properties of parallel lines, quadlaterals and circles.

## Quadrilaterals

A quadlateral is defined as any 4 sided polygon.

### Special quadrilaterals
#### Parallelograms

A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with equal opposite angles and opposite sides with equal length.

#### Rectangles

A Rectangle is a parallelogram with all right angles.

#### Squares

A square is a rectangle in which the lengths of all the sides are equal.

## Circles

A circle is the set of points in a plane that are a given distance from a given point, the center. The distance between any of the points and the center is called the radius.
# Data Networking/Fall 2014/Priya/DHCP-SERVER

A DHCP server is a machine that assigns IP addresses automatically to the clients in the network. A DHCP Server can be a host machine or a workstation, that has the capability of assigning pool of addresses to different subnets in the same network segment. Different DHCP Servers are available of which the widely used are WINDOWS DHCP SERVER and the ISC-DHCP servers. the WINDOWS DHCP server is used in enterprises but it comes along with a license. The ISC-DHCP-SERVER is an open source software that can be run on a Linux machine, which is also an open source system that provides free license. ISC stands for Internet System Consortium that offers a solution for implementing DHCP servers that is suitable for small local networks to large enterprises.
The choise of DHCP server for our project is made on the basis of cost of the system. Thus Linux system was our preferred choice and the choice of DHCP server software that can run on this machine is done on various terms. Among all the cost-effective software that are free to use, Jagornet DHCP and ISC DHCP server are of best choice to make. Both of them support with Linux and Jagornet DHCP can also run on different operating systems like Linnux, WINDOWS, MAC OS, etc. Both the Jagornet and ISC-DHCP servers can support features like BOOTP,DHCP, DHCPv6. There the choice can be made between the two as both are equally friendly.For our project we selected ISC-DHCP server as it is much easier to work with since it is written in C language whereas Jagornet is much like JAVA.
Next, we have implemented the client-server architecture, which is a requirement in our project. This architecture requires an always-on device that will serve as a DHCP server. Thus we have installed Linux on separate partition by creating a dual-boot on our laptops.
Our next step is to install and configure ISC-DHCP server ....
# Data Networking/Fall 2014/Priya/DHCP
## Dynamic Host Control Protocol (DHCP)

DHCP is a network protocol RFC 2131, that automates the process of configuring new and existing devices on TCP/IP networks.It automatically assigns IP addresses to the clients connected within the network.

### DHCP COMMUNICATION

Any PC communicates to a DHCP in four basic ways. When the computer is first turned on, it requests the sever for a new IP address.When computer is turned on after it has obtained its initial configuration information, it confirms its address and other parameters with the DHCP server.When still connected to the same network segment, the client periodically contacts the server to renew its lease on the IP it is using. When the client has moved to a new network, the IP address assigned to him is no longer valid, the client then contacts the DHCP server for a new IP address that are appropriate to the new network.
DHCP uses the special feature of leases to determine when an address is no longer in use.This protocol combinely uses BOOTP and dynamic allocation of IP addresses.In DHCP an IP is assigned to a PC for particular lease period, the client can renew its lease if required. If the lease period of a particular IP address assigned to a PC is expired, then we can reuse the IP address.

### DHCP MESSAGE FORMAT

DHCP messages include fixed format section and variable format section. The fixed format section is divided into several fields that carry information of server IP address, network and link-layer address of the client and the control information of the message itself. The variable format section carries various DHCP Options such as Subnet mask, Router, DNS server, Message-type option(DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPOFFER, DHCPREQUEST, DHCPACK) etc

### DHCP Message Exchanges

Initially the client having no IP address will send a DHCPDISCOVER message which is a broadcast message type. The DHCP servers on the network will respond with a DHCPOFFER message to the client along with the additional configuration information. The client can select any server offering an IP address when there are multiple servers offering an IP address, usually it selects the server that responds first. The client then sends DHCPREQUEST message which is again a broadcast type that carries information of the DHCP server from which it is requesting an IP, so that the other servers will be automatically informed after looking at the DHCP server Identifier in the message. The respective DHCP server will now responds by sending a DHCPACK to the client and thus the IP is successfully allocated.
By default the renewal time will be half the lease time. The client wishing to renew his IP can start requesting at this time and the server responds by giving an ACK. If by any chance, the original DHCPserver is not available for some reason, then the client can request any available local DHCP servers to extend the lease of the IP during the binding period. If the client no longer wants to use an IP he can voluntarily release his IP address.
Now we will move on to discuss the various available DHCP servers and how to configure a DHCP server....
# Data Networking/Fall 2014/Priya/Configuring iptables & firewall

In this section, we'll explain the procedure required to configure iptables and firewall, that we followed for securing our Apache2 web server. Step 1 Configuring IP tables iptables are pre-installed with Ubuntu 14.04, but they are configured with a default policy of allowing all data connections. We'll add some access list lines to filter the incoming connections to our web server. Type in the following lines in your terminal
The previous commands appended new rules to the iptables. These rules simply allow HTTP (port 80), SSH (port 555) and NFS (2049) to pass through the filter. However, it rejects icmp echo-requests incoming from clients to reach the web server, but allows the echo-reply from clients. The guarantees that the web server can do a ping command to different clients, but clients can DDOS the server by spamming ping requests. The last line ensures that any packet, which has not been filtered by the previous rules, will be dropped. Therefore, we don't need to change the default policy of the iptables (allow all incoming, by default), and still ensure that unnecessary packets will not reach the server.
To avoid reloading the iptables on every system reboot, we can install the following application, which loads the desired iptables configuration from a rules.v4 file.
The same iptables configuration can be done to ip6tables (IPv6), but since we only used IPv4 in our network, we didn't need to modify ip6tables (rules.v6) files.
Step 2 Configuring Firewall To configure the Firewall, we'll do the following steps to premit incoming connections to ports 80 (HTTP), 555 (SSH) and 2049 (NFS), whereas all other incoming packets are rejected by default.
# Data Networking/Fall 2014/Priya/DHCP/DHCP servers

A DHCP server is a machine that assigns IP addresses automatically to the clients in the network. A DHCP Server can be a host machine or a workstation, that has the capability of assigning pool of addresses to different subnets in the same network segment. Different DHCP Servers are available of which the widely used are WINDOWS DHCP SERVER and the ISC-DHCP servers. the WINDOWS DHCP server is used in enterprises but it comes along with a license. The ISC-DHCP-SERVER is an open source software that can be run on a Linux machine, which is also an open source system that provides free license. ISC stands for Internet System Consortium that offers a solution for implementing DHCP servers that is suitable for small local networks to large enterprises.
The choise of DHCP server for our project is made on the basis of cost of the system. Thus Linux system was our preferred choice and the choice of DHCP server software that can run on this machine is done on various terms. Among all the cost-effective software that are free to use, Jagornet DHCP and ISC DHCP server are of best choice to make. Both of them support with Linux and Jagornet DHCP can also run on different operating systems like Linnux, WINDOWS, MAC OS, etc. Both the Jagornet and ISC-DHCP servers can support features like BOOTP,DHCP, DHCPv6. There the choice can be made between the two as both are equally friendly.For our project we selected ISC-DHCP server as it is much easier to work with since it is written in C language whereas Jagornet is much like JAVA.
Next, we have implemented the client-server architecture, which is a requirement in our project. This architecture requires an always-on device that will serve as a DHCP server. Thus we have installed Linux on separate partition by creating a dual-boot on our laptops.
Our next step is to install and configure ISC-DHCP server ....
# Data Networking/Fall 2014/Priya/Configuration the Slave server

Step 1: Check for hosts
is used to edit the hosts file with following commands
Step 2: Local File Configuration
is used to open the named.conf.local file and edit as shown
Step 3: Configure forward zone file
is used for editing the db.neunetworks.com as shown
Step 4: Configure Reverse zone file
is used for editing the file db.192.168.3.54 as shown
Verify the Forward and Reverse lookup :
By Using
with following
# Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2020/Summer II
## Overview

Two courses of English 105i: Writing in the Social Sciences have looked at the lives of southerners during the Great Depression. Using Documenting the American South Project, students have published individuals' life histories during the depression. Classes have engaged in archival research with material from the Southern Historical Collection at UNC’s Louis Round Wilson Library.

## Project

Students in the course have studied the Federal Writers' Project archive at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Wilson Library. Each student has chosen an individual to research and record on our class website.

## Sections

* English 105.001
* English 105.006
* English 105.007
* English 105.009
* English 105.010
* English 105.012
* English 105.013

## Archive

* UNC.edu: Federal Writers' Project Papers, 1936-1940
# Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2020/Summer II/Section 007

This project is associated with English 105.007 at the University of North Carolina.

## Project

Students in the course have studied the Federal Writers' Project Papers at UNC's Wilson Library. Each student has chosen an individual to research and record on our class website.

## Life Histories

Use the following to create a new life history subpage:
# Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2020/Summer II/Section 01

This project is associated with English 105.001 at the University of North Carolina.

## Project

Students in the course have studied the Federal Writers' Project Papers at UNC's Wilson Library. Each student has chosen an individual to research and record on our class website.

## Life Histories

Special:Prefixindex/Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2020/Summer II/Section 01/
Use the following to create a new life history subpage:
# Ecliptic/Quizzes

THREE RELATED QUIZ GROUPS: Saros Ecliptic Antikythera
This page is devoted to quizzes on Wikipedia:Ecliptic.
* Ecliptic/Quizzes/Quiz 1 is a basic quiz used in How things work college course and facilitates an understanding of the Antikythera mechanism/Quizzes
* The Gallery contains hints and images to facilitate quiz preparation.
Ecliptic/Quizzes/Quiz 2 is also helpful for a full understanding of Antikythera mechanism/Quizzes. It is more advanced will eventually be posted in the Astronomy college course
# Ecliptic/Quizzes/Quiz 2

This is one of two quizzes pertinent to [Ecliptic (permalink)] that is also relevant to the Antikythera_mechanism/Quizzes. Randomized versions of this quiz are available on this Testbank. See also How to use this testbank. (These quizzes will be linked to w:Ecliptic after they have been verified.)
# Ecliptic

For related Wikipedia articles, see
** w:Eclipse
** w:Saros (astronomy)
** w:line of nodes.
* Wikipedia articles on this topic suffer from a paucity of images. See for example:
** http://people.highline.edu/iglozman/classes/astronotes/media/eclipse_nodes.gif
** http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~imamura/121/lecture-2/eclipse.html
** http://sixdayscience.com/curriculum/textbooks/chapter-3/
** http://epod.usra.edu/.a/6a0105371bb32c970b0154330dc330970c-pi montage of lunar eclipse
# Eclipse ERP/Saving file to held Entries or "Report Queue"
## Report Queue

In Eclipse, sending results of any program or report to report queue is done using the "PRINTER.ON" command. To understand how reporting works, take this example: