OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# PlanetPhysics/Newton's Laws of Motion

Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion were first published in his work Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (1687). The laws form the basis for classical mechanics. Newton used them to explain many results concerning the motion of physical objects. In the third volume of the text, he showed that the laws of motion, combined with his law of universal gravitation, explained Kepler's laws of planetary motion.
The following are brief modern formulations of Newton's three laws of motion:
{\mathbf First law}: Objects in motion tend to stay in motion, and objects at rest tend to stay at rest unless an outside force acts upon them.
{\mathbf Second law}: The net force on an object is equal to the product of its mass and its acceleration.
$\sum {\vec {F}}=m{\vec {a}}$
{\mathbf Third law}: To every action (force applied) there is an equal and opposite reaction (equal force applied in the opposite direction).
${\vec {F}}_{12}=-{\vec {F}}_{21}$
This entry is a derivative of the Newton's laws of motion article from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Authors of the original article include: DJ Clayworth, Obli, Stevertigo, Patrick and Michael Hardy . History page of the original is here
# PlanetPhysics/Nicolas Rashevsky
## Nicolas Rashevsky

(1899- 1973):
American physicist and mathematical biologist who was the Founder of Mathematical Biophysics and Mathematical Biology, and also Professor of Mathematical Biophysics at the University of Chicago in the Committee for Mathematical Biology until 1968. He established also the first Mathematical Biophysics journal, the Bulletin of Mathematical Biophysics, later changed under his editorship to Bulletin of Mathematical Biology " to emphasize the transition towards abstract relational biology and Relational Theory of organismic sets beyond numerical and analytical functions characteristic of simpler physical systems. His later efforts focused on topology of biological systems and the formulation of fundamental principles in biology and hierarchical organization of organisms and human societies.
Rashevsky's numerous publications and basic textbooks span almost half a century; among his first published papers was a physical, probabilistic treatment of molecular diffusion using a different approach from that of Albert Einstein's but with similar, concurrent solutions to the same problem.
Some of his closest coworkers were: George Karreman (former Professor at the University of Pennsylvania), Herbert Landahl (former Professor at the University of California), Robert Rosen (his mathematics PhD student and later Professor of Biophysics at Dalhousie University), and Anthony Bartholomay (former Chairman of the Mathematical Medicine Department at Ohio State University).
{\em Last time we met in 1970 at the International Mathematical Biology Symposium at Toledo, Ohio, USA, he showed obvious signs of fatigue due to his plane trip and suffering from CAD, but he also exhibited an uninhibited excitement and enthousiasm for the new areas of Organsimic Sets and relational biology in Mathematical Biophysics he just initiated less than five years before which are concerned with the mathematical and physical essence of life processes and living organisms.}
# TESOL/Talking about your job
## Key sentences

| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| What do you do? | I'm (job). |
| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| Where do you work? | I work in (place). |
| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| What's your job like? | It's (adjective). |
| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| Do you like your job? | Yeah, it's not bad. Not really. |

### Drills

Say these sentences without looking.
I'm (job). :
| job | sentence |
| a teacher | I'm a teacher. |
| a nurse | I'm a nurse. |
| a baseball player | I'm a baseball player. |
| a sales clerk | I'm a sales clerk. |
I work in (place). :
| place | sentence |
| an office | I work in an office. |
| a store | I work in a store. |
| a hospital | I work in a hospital. |
| a baseball stadium | I work in a baseball stadium. |
It's (adjective). :
| adjective | sentence |
| interesting | It's interesting. |
| busy | It's busy. |
| boring | It's boring. |
| difficult | It's difficult. |

## Example

Practice this conversation.
| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| What do you do? | I'm (a teacher). |
| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| Where do you work? | I work in (an office). |
| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| What's your job like? | It's (interesting). |
| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| Do you like your job? | Yeah, it's not bad. |
Change partners. Use your imagination and change the sentences.

## Exercise

Use your imagination. Make your own conversation.
| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| What do you do? | I'm ... . |
| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| Where do you work? | I work in .... |
| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| What's your job like? | It's .... |
| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| Do you like your job? | Yeah, it's not bad. |
Change partners. Use your imagination and make another conversation.

## Practice

| Asking about a job | Talking about a job |
| Ask your partner about their job. | Think of a job. Imagine it is your job. Tell your partner about it. |

## Further study

* English lesson topics

### Jobs

* Police officer
* Scientist
* Chef
* Waiter
* Receptionist
* Sailor
* Firefighter
* Doctor

## Practice
### What do you do there?

* I stare at a computer.
* I answer the phone.
* I wear a uniform.
* I stand up all day.
* I sit at a desk.
* I work overtime.
* I travel on business.
* I talk to customers.
# TESOL/Time
## Adverbs of Time
### Still, yet, and already
#### Still

Still is used for things that are continuing.
* She is still studying. (She was studying before and she continues studying now.)
* In ten years she will still be studying. (She will continue studying and not stop after 10 years.)
still ... not is about the past, as opposed to not ... yet, which is about the future.
* She still has not found what she is looking for. (She was searching in the past.)
* We haven't run out of gas yet. (We may run out in the future.)

#### Yet

Yet is about things that we expect.
* The soup is not cool yet. (Soon it will be cool and we can eat it.)
* Has she emailed you yet? (I expect her to send an email soon.)

#### Already

Already is for things that happened early, often earlier than expected.
* You have finished your homework already? That was fast!
# TESOL/Talking about plans
## Key sentences

| Asking about plans | Telling about plans |
| What will you do (time) ? | I'm thinking of (gerund). |
| Asking about plans | Telling about plans |
| Sounds like a good idea. | Thanks. |

### Drills

Say these sentences without looking.
What will you do (time) ? :
| time | sentence |
| this year | What will you do this year ? |
| this summer | What will you do this summer ? |
| in the next five years | What will you do in the next five years ? |
| this month | What will you do this month ? |
I'm thinking of (gerund). :
| gerund | sentence |
| going diving | I'm thinking of going diving. |
| changing jobs | I'm thinking of changing jobs. |
| going to the gym | I'm thinking of going to the gym. |
| baking a cake | I'm thinking of baking a cake. |

## Example

Practice this conversation.
| Asking about plans | Telling about plans |
| What will you do (this year) ? | I'm thinking of (going diving). |
| Asking about plans | Telling about plans |
| Sounds like a good idea. | Thanks. |
Change partners. Use your imagination and change the sentences.

## Exercise

Use your imagination. Make your own conversation.
| Asking about plans | Telling about plans |
| What will you do ... ? | I'm thinking of ... . |
| Asking about plans | Telling about plans |
| Sounds like a good idea. | Thanks. |
Change partners. Use your imagination and make another conversation.

## Practice

| Asking about plans | Telling about plans |
| Ask about your partner's plans in: the next month the next year the next five years | Talk about your plans. |

## Further study

* English lesson topics

## Key expressions

* I'm thinking of (gerund).
** I'm thinking of coming.
** I'm thinking of getting a cat.
I'm thinking of coming. :
Noun phrase I $_{Pronoun}$ :
Verb phrase am $_{Verb}$ :
Template:VGB :
Prepositional phrase :
* Preposition
* of
Noun phrase :
* coming $_{Gerund}$
# TESOL/Talking about trust
## Key sentences

| Asking about trust | Talking about trust |
| Would you trust your friend to (verb) ? | Yes, I can (verb) my friend. No, I would (verb) about them doing that. |

### Drills

Say these sentences without looking.
Would you trust your friend to (verb) ? :
| verb | sentence |
| watch over your house | Would you trust your friend to watch over your house ? |
| take care of your children | Would you trust your friend to take care of your children ? |
| tell the truth | Would you trust your friend to tell the truth ? |
| keep a secret | Would you trust your friend to keep a secret ? |
Yes, I can (verb) my friend. :
| verb | sentence |
| count on | Yes, I can count on my friend. |
| rely on | Yes, I can rely on my friend. |
| have faith in | Yes, I can have faith in my friend. |
| confide in | Yes, I can confide in my friend. |

## Example

Practice this conversation.
| Asking about trust | Talking about trust |
| Would you trust your friend to (watch over your house) ? | Yes, I can (count on) my friend. |
Change partners. Use your imagination and change the sentences.

## Exercise

Use your imagination. Make your own conversation.
| Asking about trust | Talking about trust |
| Would you trust your friend to ... ? | Yes, I can ... my friend. |
Change partners. Use your imagination and make another conversation.

## Practice

| Asking about trust | Talking about trust |
| Ask who your partner trusts to do what | Talk about who you trust to do what. |

## Further study

* English lesson topics
# TESOL/Thanking
## Key sentences

| Giving thanks | Accepting thanks |
| Thanks for (gerund). Thank you for (gerund). | You're welcome. No problem. |
| Giving thanks | Accepting thanks |
| I appreciate (noun). I appreciate (pronoun). | Sure thing. |
| Giving thanks | Accepting thanks |
| Thanks for (noun). Thanks for (pronoun). | Don't mention it. |
| Accepting thanks | Giving thanks |
| Sorry, I can't help you. | Thanks anyway. Thanks for trying. |

### Drills

Say these sentences without looking.
Thanks for (gerund). :
| gerund | sentence |
| meeting me | Thanks for meeting me. |
| helping me | Thanks for helping me. |
| coming | Thanks for coming. |
| telling me | Thanks for telling me. |
I appreciate (noun). :
| noun | sentence |
| your help | I appreciate your help. |
| the gesture | I appreciate the gesture. |
| your work | I appreciate your work. |
| the work you've done | I appreciate the work you've done. |
Thanks for (noun). :
| noun | sentence |
| the present | Thanks for the present. |
| the ride | Thanks for the ride. |
| your kindness | Thanks for your kindness. |
| your hospitality | Thanks for your hospitality. |

## Example

Practice this conversation.
| Giving thanks | Accepting thanks |
| Thanks for (meeting me). | You're welcome. |
| Giving thanks | Accepting thanks |
| I appreciate (your help). | Sure thing. |
| Giving thanks | Accepting thanks |
| Thanks for (the present). | Don't mention it. |
| Accepting thanks | Giving thanks |
| Sorry, I can't help you. | Thanks anyway. |
Change partners. Use your imagination and change the sentences.

## Exercise

Use your imagination. Make your own conversation.
| Giving thanks | Accepting thanks |
| Thanks for ... . | You're welcome. |
| Giving thanks | Accepting thanks |
| I appreciate .... | Sure thing. |
| Giving thanks | Accepting thanks |
| Thanks for .... | Don't mention it. |
| Accepting thanks | Giving thanks |
| Sorry, I can't help you. | Thanks anyway. |
Change partners. Use your imagination and make another conversation.

## Practice

| Giving thanks | Accepting thanks |
| Imagine your partner helped you. Imagine what they did. Thank them. | Accept your partner's thanks. |

## Further study

* English lesson topics
# TESOL/Talking about responsibilities
## Key sentences

| Interviewer | Talking about responsibilities |
| What do you have to do? | It's up to me (infinitive verb). |
| Interviewer | Talking about responsibilities |
| What are your duties? | I'm in charge of (noun or gerund). |

### Drills

Say these sentences without looking.
It's up to me (infinitive verb). :
| infinitive verb | sentence |
| to cook meals | It's up to me to cook meals. |
| to take phone calls | It's up to me to take phone calls. |
| to reply to email | It's up to me to reply to email. |
| to be on time | It's up to me to be on time. |
I'm in charge of (noun or gerund). :
| noun or gerund | sentence |
| my department | I'm in charge of my department. |
| my class | I'm in charge of my class. |
| making sure quality is high | I'm in charge of making sure quality is high. |
| being on time | I'm in charge of being on time. |

## Example

Practice this conversation.
| Interviewer | Talking about responsibilities |
| What do you have to do? | It's up to me (to cook meals). |
| Interviewer | Talking about responsibilities |
| What are your duties? | I'm in charge of (my department). |
Change partners. Use your imagination and change the sentences.

## Exercise

Use your imagination. Make your own conversation.
| Interviewer | Talking about responsibilities |
| What do you have to do? | It's up to me ... . |
| Interviewer | Talking about responsibilities |
| What are your duties? | I'm in charge of .... |
Change partners. Use your imagination and make another conversation.

## Practice

| Interviewer | Talking about responsibilities |
| Ask your partner about their responsibilities. | Talk about your responsibilities. Talk about yourself or imagine you are: a parent an elementary school teacher a police officer a baseball player a chef |

## Further study

* English lesson topics
# TESOL/Talking about vacation plans
## Key sentences

| Asking about vacation plans | Telling about vacation plans |
| Where are you going to go this (holiday and why?) ? | I'm thinking of going to (place). |
| Asking about vacation plans | Telling about vacation plans |
| What are you gonna do there? | I want (infinitive verb). |
| Asking about vacation plans | Telling about vacation plans |
| How long will you stay? | For (time). |

### Drills

Say these sentences without looking.
Where are you going to go this (holiday and why?) ? :
| holiday and why? | sentence |
| New Year's | Where are you going to go this New Year's ? |
| summer vacation | Where are you going to go this summer vacation ? |
| spring break | Where are you going to go this spring break ? |
| winter holiday | Where are you going to go this winter holiday ? |
I'm thinking of going to (place). :
| place | sentence |
| Canada | I'm thinking of going to Canada. |
| Hawaii | I'm thinking of going to Hawaii. |
| the countryside | I'm thinking of going to the countryside. |
| Paris | I'm thinking of going to Paris. |
I want (infinitive verb). :
| infinitive verb | sentence |
| to go shopping | I want to go shopping. |
| to go sightseeing | I want to go sightseeing. |
| to have the local food | I want to have the local food. |
| to go to the beach | I want to go to the beach. |
For (time). :
| time | sentence |
| a week | For a week. |
| three nights and four days | For three nights and four days. |
| a month | For a month. |
| ten days | For ten days. |

## Example

Practice this conversation.
| Asking about vacation plans | Telling about vacation plans |
| Where are you going to go this (New Year's) ? | I'm thinking of going to (Canada). |
| Asking about vacation plans | Telling about vacation plans |
| What are you gonna do there? | I want (to go shopping). |
| Asking about vacation plans | Telling about vacation plans |
| How long will you stay? | For (a week). |
Change partners. Use your imagination and change the sentences.

## Exercise

Use your imagination. Make your own conversation.
| Asking about vacation plans | Telling about vacation plans |
| Where are you going to go this ... ? | I'm thinking of going to ... . |
| Asking about vacation plans | Telling about vacation plans |
| What are you gonna do there? | I want .... |
| Asking about vacation plans | Telling about vacation plans |
| How long will you stay? | For .... |
Change partners. Use your imagination and make another conversation.

## Practice

| Asking about vacation plans | Telling about vacation plans |
| Ask your partner about their vacation. | Imagine you are going on vacation soon. Answer your partner's questions. |

## Further study

* English lesson topics
# TESOL/Talking to a doctor
## Key sentences

| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| What seems to be the problem? | I have a bad (problem). I hurt my (body part). |
| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| How did this happen? How long have you felt this way? | I was (activity) when I hurt myself. Since (time). |
| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| Do you have (problem) ? Do you feel (feeling) ? | Yes, I do. No, I don't. |
| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| I recommend that you (do something). | Thank you, I will. |

### Drills

Say these sentences without looking.
I have a bad (problem). :
| problem | sentence |
| headache | I have a bad headache. |
| stomachache | I have a bad stomachache. |
| fever | I have a bad fever. |
| rash | I have a bad rash. |
I was (activity) when I hurt myself. :
| activity | sentence |
| playing tennis | I was playing tennis when I hurt myself. |
| cooking | I was cooking when I hurt myself. |
| moving something heavy | I was moving something heavy when I hurt myself. |
| fighting | I was fighting when I hurt myself. |
Do you have (problem) ? :
| problem | sentence |
| a fever | Do you have a fever ? |
| sore muscles | Do you have sore muscles ? |
| a stiff neck | Do you have a stiff neck ? |
| trouble swallowing | Do you have trouble swallowing ? |
I recommend that you (do something). :
| do something | sentence |
| rest | I recommend that you rest. |
| drink lots of fluids | I recommend that you drink lots of fluids. |
| take this medicine | I recommend that you take this medicine. |
| stay home | I recommend that you stay home. |

## Example

Practice this conversation.
| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| What seems to be the problem? | I have a bad (headache). |
| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| How did this happen? | I was (playing tennis) when I hurt myself. |
| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| Do you have (a fever) ? | Yes, I do. |
| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| I recommend that you (rest). | Thank you, I will. |
Change partners. Use your imagination and change the sentences.

## Exercise

Use your imagination. Make your own conversation.
| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| What seems to be the problem? | I have a bad ... . |
| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| How did this happen? | I was ... when I hurt myself. |
| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| Do you have ... ? | Yes, I do. |
| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| I recommend that you .... | Thank you, I will. |
Change partners. Use your imagination and make another conversation.

## Practice

| Doctor | Sick or injured person |
| Imagine you are a doctor. Ask your partner what is wrong and give advice. | Imagine you are sick or injured. Answer your partner's questions. |

## Further study

* English lesson topics
# TESOL/Talking about how you feel
## Key sentences

| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| How do you feel? | I feel (adjective). |
| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| What happened? | I think I (verb). |
| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| Do you have (a problem) ? | Yes, a (degree) one. No, I don't. |
| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| Is there anything I can do? | Sure, could you (verb) please? |

### Drills

Say these sentences without looking.
I feel (adjective). :
| adjective | sentence |
| under the weather | I feel under the weather. |
| rather tired | I feel rather tired. |
| a little sick | I feel a little sick. |
| awful | I feel awful. |
I think I (verb). :
| verb | sentence |
| caught a cold | I think I caught a cold. |
| ate too fast | I think I ate too fast. |
| ate some bad food | I think I ate some bad food. |
| drank too much | I think I drank too much. |
Do you have (a problem) ? :
| a problem | sentence |
| a fever | Do you have a fever ? |
| an upset stomach | Do you have an upset stomach ? |
| sore muscles | Do you have sore muscles ? |
| a headache | Do you have a headache ? |
Yes, a (degree) one. :
| degree | sentence |
| bit of | Yes, a bit of one. |
| slight | Yes, a slight one. |
| bad | Yes, a bad one. |
| terrible | Yes, a terrible one. |
Since (time). :
| time | sentence |
| last night | Since last night. |
| yesterday | Since yesterday. |
| the day before yesterday | Since the day before yesterday. |
| three days ago | Since three days ago. |
Sure, could you (verb) please? :
| verb | sentence |
| get me some water | Sure, could you get me some water please? |
| make me lunch | Sure, could you make me lunch please? |
| give me some medicine | Sure, could you give me some medicine please? |
| close the blinds | Sure, could you close the blinds please? |

## Example

Practice this conversation.
| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| How do you feel? | I feel (under the weather). |
| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| What happened? | I think I (caught a cold). |
| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| Do you have (a fever) ? | Yes, a (bit of) one. |
| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| Is there anything I can do? | Sure, could you (get me some water) please? |
Change partners. Use your imagination and change the sentences.

## Exercise

Use your imagination. Make your own conversation.
| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| How do you feel? | I feel ... . |
| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| What happened? | I think I .... |
| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| Do you have ... ? | Yes, a ... one. |
| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| Is there anything I can do? | Sure, could you ... please? |
Change partners. Use your imagination and make another conversation.

## Practice

| Asking a friend how they feel | Sick friend |
| Ask your partner how they feel. | You feel sick. |

## Further study

* English lesson topics