OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Latin II/Time Lesson 3/Reading exercise
## Ad Circum Māne

Dramatis personae: Lūcia, Mārcus, Paula
You're right. Since this dialogue contains several future tense constructions that are not yet covered in the course, I'll suggest some workarounds using present tense and modal verbs that have already been introduced:
1. Replace future tense verbs with: - Present tense with future meaning - Use of "volō" + infinitive to express intention - Use of "possum" + infinitive to express possibility
Here's a revised version that avoids advanced future tense forms:

## Ad Circum

Dramatis personae: Lūcia, Mārcus, Paula
Lūcia: Ecce! Crās in circō spectāculum est!
Paula: (sollicita) Sed parentēs nostrī nōs ad circum īre nōn volunt...
Mārcus: (laetus) Ego viam sciō! Lūdī māne sunt. Multī hominēs jam adsunt.
Paula: Ubi nōs vidēmus?
Mārcus: Ante templum, hōrā quārtā. Ad circum ambulāmus.
Lūcia: Sed quōmodo māne ē domō exīre possum? Māter mea prīma ē lectō surgit!
Paula: Et quid dē ientāculō? Māter mea mē vocat.
Mārcus: Ego mātrem meam nōn timeō. Dīcō mē cum magistrō esse!
Lūcia: (rīdēns) Callidus es! Ego ad templum īre volō.
Paula: (laeta) Ego ad aviam īre volō! Illa prope habitat.
Mārcus: Ergō nōs vidēmus. Sed cibum portāte - diēs longus est!
Paula: Ego cibum volō! Caupōna prope circum bonam carnem habet!
Lūcia: Quantum pecūniae habētis? Mihi sunt decem nummī.
Paula: Et mihi duodecim.
Mārcus: Sed sedēs in circō octō nummōs cōnstant!
Lūcia: (trīstis) Ergō caupōnam nōn possumus. Ego crustula et māla portō.
Paula: Ego pānem et caseum habeō!
Mārcus: Et mihi sunt olīvae. Satis est.
Paula: (suspirans) Sed illa caro tam bona est...
Mārcus: Nunc circum cogitāmus!
Paula: (sollicita) Sed... quid si parentēs nōs vident?
Lūcia: (rīdēns) In circō? Nōn! Parentēs dormiunt.
Mārcus: Cōnvenīmus?
Paula et Lūcia: Cōnvenīmus!

### Novae Voces

* circum - circus
* spectāculum - show, performance
* ludus - games
* ientāculum - breakfast
* caupōna - inn, restaurant
* sedes - seat

### Comprehension Questions

* Quandō līberī ad circum eunt?
* Ubi līberī sē vident?
* Quid Paula in caupōnā cupit?
* Cūr līberī in caupōnā nōn edunt?
* Quid līberī ad circum portant?
* Clavīs Responsōrum

### Exercitium Grammaticum

Complē spatia vacua tempore appropriātō:
* Nunc in hortō _____ (sum).
* Crās in circō _____ (sum).
* Hodiē cum amīcīs _____ (ambulō).
* Hōrā quārtā ad templum _____ (venio).
* Māne in culīnā _____ (dormiō).
* Clavīs Responsōrum

### Exercitium Locōrum

Elige praepositiōnem appositam:
* Līberī _____ (in/ad/ab) templō conveniunt.
* Mārcus _____ (in/cum/ex) amīcīs est.
* Paula _____ (in/ab/ad) circum it.
* Lūcia cibum _____ (ex/in/ad) culīnā portat.
* Parentēs _____ (in/ab/ad) domō dormiunt.
* Clavīs Responsōrum

### Cultural Notes

* Roman days started at dawn with the ientāculum (breakfast)
* Children were expected to eat breakfast with family
* Morning prayer at temples was common
* Caupōnae served hot food including meat dishes
* Common portable foods: pānis, caseus, māla, olīvae
* Better seats at the circus cost more nummī
# Indigenous Women's History on Wikipedia Lab

| Início | Activities | Content | Resources | Talk Page |
Indigenous Women's History on Wikipedia is a digital humanities laboratory founded in 2020 at the Institute of History of the Fluminense Federal University (Brazil). It focuses on science communication and public engagement on the internet, coordinated by Professor Elisa Frühauf Garcia.
The initiative aims to continuously contribute to the public awareness of academic knowledge about indigenous women on Wikipedia. Hands-on activities cover both the creation of new entries and the inclusion of information in existing articles. Theoretical activities involve discussions about the Wikimedia movement and science outreach on the Internet.
* Read about our activities
* I MediaWiki Workshop
* Teaching Indigenous History Class 2024.1
* Workshop 2022.2
* Workshop 2023.1
* Communicating Indigenous Women's History Course
* Team
* ElisaFGarcia (IHT-UFF), Head teacher
* CalliandraDysantha (WMB / WM+), Voluntary Wikimedian
* Pollyana Feitosa (UFF), PIBIC scolarship holder and Wikimedian trainee
# Indigenous Women's History on Wikipedia Lab/Activities

| Início | Activities | Content | Resources | Talk Page |

## I MediaWiki Workshop

Held in February 2024, the event consisted of a collaborative workshop dedicated to analyzing and improving the Indigenous Women on Wikipedia Lab Main Page on Portuguese-language Wikiversity. Participants came together to identify and discuss possible improvements to the page, aiming to enrich the content and representation of indigenous women on-wiki. The aim was to foster a collective discussion, taking into account the diversity and accuracy of the information presented, and to promote a more comprehensive and accurate representation of Indigenous women's contributions to society and culture.

## Edit-a-thon: Teaching Indigenous History

This event was co-hosted by Wiki Movimento Brasil and aimed at encouraging undergraduate students in History at the Fluminense Federal University (UFF) to improve entries about Indigenous people and topics. The students were enrolled in the course Teaching Indigenous History, taught by Professor Dr. Elisa Frühauf Garcia, in 2024. The goal was to expand knowledge about underrepresented cultures on Wikimedia platforms. The edit-a-thon consisted of two workshops led by the wikimedian Juliana Cunha.
* Edit-a-thon page
* TikTok video about the workshop

## Other Activities
### At UFF

Undergraduate History students training on how to edit Wikipedia pages through workshops on:
** Bibliographic and iconographic research;
** Encyclopedic writing and wiki syntax;
** Creating and improving Wikipedia articles on Indigenous History and Indigenous women;
Ongoing discussions on:
** Wikipedia’s policies and guidelines;
** Knowledge gaps on Wikipedia;
** The Wikimedia movement’s strategy.

### Outside UFF

* Presentation of lab results at the XXII Wikimedia & Education Workshop, held on 03/23/2023.
* Field research at São Lourenço dos Índios Church, Niterói, on 16/6/2023.
* “Communicating the History of Indigenous Women: Combating Colonialism and Gender Bias in Digital Humanities”, course offered at the VI History Week of UEFS on 09/13 and 09/14/2023.
* Workshop Creating Content in Women's History: Contesting Gender and Colonialism Bias in the Digital Humanities, held on 11/14/2023 at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.
* Team
* ElisaFGarcia (IHT-UFF), Head teacher
* CalliandraDysantha (WMB / WM+), Voluntary Wikimedian
* Pollyana Feitosa (UFF), PIBIC scolarship holder and Wikimedian trainee
# Latin II/Numbers/Reading
## Mercātus Equārius

Dramatis personae: Guilhelmus (mercātor), Theodericus (emptor)
In Antverpiā mercātus equārius est. Guilhelmus equum ostendit.
Guilhelmus: Ecce equum omnium experientissimum! Decem annōs nātus, fīdissimus comitatus! Nullus equus tam sapiens, tam dēvōtus! Triginta nummōs aurēōs da, quaeso!
Theodericus: Intellegō... senissimus et tristissimus caballus est. Viginti nummōs aurēōs offerō.
Guilhelmus: Minimum cibī edit! Longissime ambulat! Dominum suum numquam deserit! Alter equus fortissimus! Parvus quidem, sed strenuus! Quinquaginta nummōs aurēōs valet!
Theodericus: Intellegō... minimus et miserrimus. Quadraginta nummōs aurēōs dabo.
Guilhelmus: Tertius equus? Pulcherrimus in tōtō mercātū! Nullus tam formōsus! Centum nummōs aurēōs petit!
Theodericus: Pretium nondum scit. Fortasse fraudulentissimum!

## Novae Voces

* caballus: a nag
* nummus aureus: golden coin
* experientissimum: most experienced
* dēvōtus: devoted
* fraudulentus: fraudulent

## Quaestiōnēs

* Quantum valet equus senex?
* Quantum valet equus parvus?
* Cur emptor pauciōrēs nummōs dare vult?
# Latin I/1st Declension Lesson 1/AI prompt
## AI agent prompt

   I'd like to practice Latin forms. Please act as a Latin teacher. First, remind me that writing Latin is crucial for mastery, but translation is easier as a first step, if the Latin in the exercise is new and unfamiliar. If you are able, remind them that a full lesson explanation is available at https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Latin/1st_Declension_Lesson_1 - if you can't then just say that you understand that the exercise has come from Wikiversity's Latin course, and this exercise is about using first declension nouns in nominative and accusative cases.
   then ask if I want:
   * Translations (Latin→English)
   * Writing Latin (English→Latin)
   Rules:
   * Present one sentence at a time, waiting for my answer before proceeding
   * 3 sentences with nominative singular nouns
   * 3 with accusative singular nouns
   * 4 with nominative or accusative plural nouns
   Use these sentences from the lesson:
   * Terra est īnsula. (The land is an island.)
   * Īnsula est magna. (The island is large.)
   * Paula ūvam edit. (Paula eats a bunch of grapes.)
   * Nauta terram videt. (The sailor sees the land.)
   * Lūcia epistulam scrībit. (Lucia writes a letter.)
   * Fēmina aquam bibit. (The woman drinks the water.)
   * Nautae īnsulās vident. (The sailors see the islands.)
   * Puellae nautās vident. (The girls see the sailors.)
   * Īnsulae sunt magnae. (The islands are large.)
   * Agricolae epistulās scrībunt. (The farmers write letters.)
   For both directions:
   * Confirm if correct (✓/✗)
   * Explain mistakes
   * Track score/10
   * Keep responses brief
   After Translation exercises: remind student that Writing Latin is the surest path to true Roman citizenship - encourage with one of these themes:
   * Ancient seafaring (e.g., "Your Latin would guide ships better than the Pharos of Alexandria!")
   * Island exploration (e.g., "You navigate Latin grammar like Odysseus among the islands!")
   * Agricultural life (e.g., "Your Latin grows stronger than Cincinnatus's crops!")
   * Letter writing (e.g., "Pliny would admire your epistolary Latin!")
   * Maritime trade (e.g., "Your Latin could sell wine to Phoenician merchants!")
   * Roman geography (e.g., "You map Latin grammar like Ptolemy mapped the Mediterranean!")
   After Writing choice: respond with one of these Roman-themed encouragements:
   * "By Neptune's trident, you write like a seasoned nauta!"
   * "Your Latin flows like water from Rome's aqueducts!"
   * "The Sibyl of Cumae would praise your command of cases!"
   * "Your declensions are as solid as Hadrian's Wall!"
   * "You handle first declension like Caesar handled Gaul!"
   * "Even the farmers of Latium would understand your Latin!"
   Please begin by explaining the importance of writing Latin and asking for my choice (1 or 2).
# Latin I/2nd Declension Lesson 4

Salvēte omnēs discipulī!
This is the latest in the series of Latin lessons for those of us who are impatient to learn Latin in a simple and easy way.

## New Grammar

In this lesson we’ll wrap up the overview of 2nd declension nouns with the dative case. The dative case is used for indirect objects or “to/for” phrases; the singular ending is -ō and the plural ending, -īs. (The endings are the same for both masculine or neuter gender nouns; only nom. and acc. cases show differences for gender in 2nd declension). We frequently use the verb “dō” (give) with the dative case, but it can also be used with a few other verbs, including the being verb, as we’ll see today.
| case name | sing. | pl. | typical use |
| nominative (m.) | -us/-r | -ī | subject or predicate noun |
| nominative (n.) | -um | -a | “ |
| genitive | -ī | -ōrum | possession, the “of” case |
| dative | -ō | -īs | indirect object, the “to/for” case |
| accusative (m.) | -um | -ōs | direct object (also some objects of preps.) |
| accusative (n.) | -um | -a | “ |
| ablative | -ō | -īs | objects of prepositions, etc. “by/with/from” case |

## New Vocabulary

| gladius, i | sword |
| auxilium, i | help, aid |
| miser, misera, miserum | wretched, poor |

## New Sentences

| Latin | English |
| Avus pecūniam puerīs dat. | The grandfather gives the boys money. |
| Auxilium miserīs damus. | We give help to the needy/ We give the needy help. |
| Frāgum virō dō. | I give the man a strawberry. |
| Frāga virīs damus. | We give the men strawberries. |
| Gāius amīcus est Mārcō. | Gaius is a friend to Marcus. |
| Gāius amīcus Mārcī est. | Gaius is Marcus’ friend/ a friend of Marcus. |
| Mārcus gladium Gāiō dat. | Marcus gives a sword to Gaius. |
| Liber est dōnum medicī amīcō. | The book is the doctor’s gift to the(his) friend. |
| Verba tua sunt auxilium puerō. | Your words are a help to/for the boy. |
| Estne equus amīcō meō? | Is there a horse for my friend? |
| Gladiōs dominīs, sed nōn servīs, dant. | They give swords to the masters, but not to the slaves. |
| Agricola cibum equīs in agrō dat. | The farmer gives food to the horses in the field. |
| Dōna pecūniae miserīs dās. | You give gifts of money to the poor. |

## Practice

Practice and learn the words and phrases in this lesson :
| Step one | First learn the words using this lesson: 2nd Declension vocabulary |
| Step two | Next try learning and writing the sentencing using this: 2nd Decension Sentences |
| AI version | You can try learning and writing the sentences using our AI Prompt |
| Note that the Memrise stage covers the content for all lessons in each stage. If you are skipping previous stages you may need to manually "ignore" the words in previous levels (use the 'select all' function) ||
Next time we will begin working on 3rd declension nouns.
# Latin I/3rd Declension Lesson 4

Salvēte!
This lesson will wrap up the 3rd declension, so that we at least have a good overview of this class of nouns. To see the rest of the course, check out the links on the right.

## New Grammar

The dative case is the only case in this declension we haven’t covered, and it has consistent endings regardless of gender, and regardless of whether the noun is i-stem or regular, so it shouldn’t be too confusing. Dative case is used for indirect objects, or to express some “to/for” phrases. 3rd declension nouns have -ī in the dative singular and -ibus in the dative plural.
| case name | sing. | pl. | typical use |
| nominative (m./f.) | --- | -ēs | subject or predicate noun |
| nominative (n.) | --- | -(i)a | “ |
| genitive | -is | -(i)um | possession, the “of” case |
| dative | -ī | -ibus | indirect object, the “to/for” case |
| accusative (m.) | -em | -ēs | direct object (also some objects of preps.) |
| accusative (n.) | --- | -(i)a | “ |
| ablative | -e | -ibus | objects of prepositions, etc. “by/with/from” case |

## New Vocabulary

| Latin | English |
| cīvitās, cīvitātis (f.) | state, citizenship, community, city |
| dux, ducis (m.) | general, leader |
| gēns, gentis, gentium (f.) | tribe, nation, clan |
| imperātor, imperātōris (m.) | commander-in-chief, general, emperor, ruler (outranks dux) |
| lībertās, lībertātis (f.) | liberty, freedom |
| pāx, pācis (f.) | peace |

## New Sentences

| Latin | English |
| Rēx lībertātem cīvibus dat. | The king gives freedom to the citizens. |
| Cīvēs urbem rēgī dant. | The citizens give the city to the king. |
| Lībertās lūcem hominibus dat. | Liberty gives light to men. |
| Ducēs boni pācem gentī dant. | Good leaders give peace to (their) nation. |
| Mīlitēs pecūniam Gallōrum imperātōrī dant. | The soldiers give the money of the Gauls to the commander. |
| Dōna patrī meō dō. | I give gifts to my father. |
| Vīnum cīvibus bonis cīvitātis dās. | You give wine to the good citizens of the state. |
| Vīnum cīvibus cīvitātis bonae datis. | You (pl.) give wine to the citizens of the good state. |

## Practice

Practice and learn the words and phrases in this lesson :
| Step one | First learn the words using this lesson: 3rd Declension vocabulary |
| Step two | Next try learning and writing the sentencing using this: 3rd Decension Sentences |
| AI version | You can try learning and writing the sentences using our AI Prompt |
| Note that the Memrise stage covers the content for all lessons in each stage. If you are skipping previous stages you may need to manually "ignore" the words in previous levels (use the 'select all' function) ||
At this point, we have had a survey of the first three declensions of Latin nouns. There are two more declensions with their own sets of endings, but the vast majority of nouns fall within the first three declensions and the rules we’ve just taught you. For the next several lessons we’ll go back to more general subjects with family, animals, food, etc. as the topics. I hope you’ll enjoy the break from all the intense grammar, while building on the vocabulary you’ve already learned. Bonam fortūnam!
# Latin I/Animals Lesson 3

Salvēte omnēs!
Links to find past lessons and other helps for learning Latin on the right.
We continue with animals this lesson. You have probably noticed already that Latin has a rich vocabulary of scientific words. Some vocabulary can be quite confusing, as there are multiple words for some animals, or variant forms of one word. We try to give the most commonly accepted variant, but it’s sometimes a judgement call.

## New Vocabulary

| Latin | English | Notes |
| arānea, ae (arāneus, ī) | spider | |
| cerva, ae (cervus, ī) | deer, stag | |
| elephantus, ī | elephant | |
| lupus, ī | wolf | |
| īnsectum, ī | insect | Literally, something cut into sections, i.e. the head, thorax, and abdomen) (also bestiola, ae, “little creature”) |
| būbō, būbōnis (m.) | owl (also strix, strigis) | |
| lepus, leporis (m.) Also cunīculus, i) | rabbit, hare | |
| serpēns, serpentis, serpentium (c.) | snake | |
| testūdō, testūdinis (f.) | tortoise, turtle | Also a defensive military formation |
| tigris, tigris or tigridis | tiger | |

## New Sentences

| Latin | English | Notes |
| Lupus cunīculum (leporem) edit. | The wolf eats the rabbit. | |
| Lepus lupum videt. | The rabbit sees the wolf. | |
| Tigris cervam edit. | The tiger eats the deer. | |
| Cervus hominem videt. | The deer sees the man. | |
| Būbō mūrem edit. | The owl eats a mouse. | |
| Magnus elephantus herbam edit. | The big elephant eats grass. | |
| Arānea muscam edit. | The spider eats a fly. | |
| Puer parvum serpēntem habet. | The boy has a small snake. | |
| Serpēntēs nōn amō. | I do not like snakes. | |
| Cerva in sīlvā habitat. | The deer lives in the forest. | |
| Magistra librum dē testūdine et lepore legit. | The teacher reads a book about the tortoise and the hare. | |
| Elephantōs in vīvāriō vidēmus. | We see the elephants in the zoo. | |
| Apis est insectum. | The bee is an insect. | |
| Sunt multa insecta in urbe. | There are many insects in the city. | |
| Tigris tuus est pulcher. | Your tiger is beautiful. | |
| Avus cunīculum Luciae dat. | Grandfather gives Lucia a rabbit. | |
| Duō est bubo. | Duo is an owl. | |
| Lupa nōn est māter Rōmulī et Remī. | The she-wolf is not the mother of Romulus and Remus. | |
| Testudo volat. | A turtle flies; Impossible. | Proverbial |

## Practice

Practice and learn the words and phrases in this lesson :
| Step one | First learn the words using this lesson: Animals vocabulary |
| Step two | Next try learning and writing the sentencing using this: Animals Sentences |
| Note that the Memrise stage covers the content for all lessons in each stage. If you are skipping previous stages you may need to manually "ignore" the words in previous levels (use the 'select all' function) ||
Well, we certainly don’t think it’s impossible to learn Latin on Wikiversity and we hope you enjoyed this lesson. Next time we’ll work on family names and terms. Habeātis bonam fortūnam!
# Latin I/Christmas Carols

Salvēte omnēs! A little break from the work of studying Latin this time, but of course if you want to review any of the previous lessons, you can reach them on the right.
For a Christmas lesson Latin has it covered with some of the most beautiful music in the world. Some of the carols are quite familiar, and some not. We won’t give translations here, but the first two have been translated into English and are commonly available. And we have a Youtube link for each one so you can link to versions of each song. You might want to check out other versions available for each carol, because there is quite a range of interpretations. Not just in the musicality, but you can hear Latin with American, German, British, Italian, and Polish accents, and probably many more.

## Adeste Fideles

Adeste Fideles on Youtube
   Adeste fideles læti triumphantes, Venite, venite in Bethlehem. Natum videte Regem angelorum: (Refrain) Venite adoremus (3×) Dominum.
   Deum de Deo, lumen de lumine Gestant puellæ viscera Deum verum, genitum non factum.
   Cantet nunc io, chorus angelorum; Cantet nunc aula cælestium, Gloria, gloria in excelsis Deo,
   Ergo qui natus die hodierna. Jesu, tibi sit gloria, Patris æterni Verbum caro factum.

## Veni Veni Emmanuel

Veni Veni Emmanuel on Youtube
   Veni, veni Emmanuel! Captivum solve Israel! Qui gemit in exilio, Privatus Dei Filio, (Refrain) Gaude, gaude, Emmanuel nascetur pro te, Israel.
   Veni, Veni, Rex Gentium, Veni, Redemptor omnium, Ut salves tuos famulos Peccati sibi conscios.
   Veni, veni o Oriens! Solare nos adveniens, Noctis depelle nebulas, Dirasque noctis tenebras
   Veni clavis Davidica! Regna reclude coelica, Fac iter Tutum superum, Et claude vias Inferum.
   Veni o Jesse virgula! Ex hostis tuos ungula, De specu tuos tartari Educ, et antro barathri.
   Veni, veni Adonai!
   Qui populo in Sinai Legem dedisti vertice, In maiestate gloriae.
   Veni, O Sapientia, Quae hic disponis omnia, Veni, viam prudentiae Ut doceas et gloriae.

## Gaudete!

Gaudete on Youtube
   Gaudete, gaudete! Christus est natus Ex Maria virgine, gaudete!
   Tempus adest gratiæ Hoc quod optabamus, Carmina lætitiæ Devote reddamus.
   Deus homo factus est Natura mirante, Mundus renovatus est A Christo regnante.
   Ezechielis porta Clausa pertransitur, Unde lux est orta Salus invenitur.
   Ergo nostra concio Psallat iam in lustro; Benedicat Domino:
   Salus Regi nostro.

## Resonet in Laudibus

Resonet in Laudibus on Youtube
   Resonet in Laudibus
   cum jucundis plausibus Sion cum fidelibus Apparuit quem genuit Maria.
   Sion, lauda Dominum, Savatorem omnium, Virgo parit Filium. Apparuit quem genuit Maria.
   Pueri concurrite,
   Nato regi psallite Voce piā dicite Apparuit quem genuit Maria.
   Natus est Emmanuel, Quem praedixit Gabriel. Testis est Ezechiel,
   Apparuit quem genuit Maria.
There are so many more beautiful songs in Latin, but this is just to get you started. I'll be back sometime after the New Year with more Latin lessons. Gaudēte!