OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Bucina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BU'CINA and BUC'CINA (βυκάνη). A particular kind of horn, formed in spiral twists (Ovid, Met. i. 336.), like the shell of the fish out of which it was originally made, as shown by the annexed engraving (Bucina/1.1), from a small bronze figure once belonging to Blanchini.{TR: probably "Bianchini"} In this, its earliest form, it was commonly used by swine and neat-herds to collect their droves from the woods (Varro, R. R. ii. 4. 20. Id. iii. 13. 1. Prop. iv. 10. 29.); by the night watch, and the Accensi, to give notice of the hours by night or day (Prop. iv. 4. 6. Seneca, Thyest. 798.); and in early times, to summon the Quirites to the assembly, or collect them upon any emergency. Prop. iv. i. 13.
2. The bucina was also employed as one of the three wind instruments with which signals were made, or the word of command given to the soldiery (Polyb. xv. 12. 2. Virg. Aen. xi. 475. Veget. Mil. iii. 5.); but the military instrument was then of a different form, having a larger mouth made of metal, and bent round underneath (quae in semetipsam aereo circulo flectitur, Veget. l. c.), of which kind a specimen (Bucina/2.1) is here given, from a marble bas-relief, published by Burney, Hist. of Music, vol. i. pl. 6.
* Bucina/1.1
* Bucina/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Bulga

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BUL'GA. A small leathern bag, which was carried on the arm (Non. s. v. p. 78. ed. Mercer), in the same manner as the modern reticule, by travellers, who used it as a money bag (Lucil. Sat. vi. p. 20. 1. ed. Gerlach. Varro ap. Non. l. c.); and by agriculturists, as a pouch, containing the seed at sowing time (the πήρα σπερμοφόρος of the Greek Anthology), to which use the example (Bulga/1.1) here given was applied; it is borne by a figure furnished with various implements of husbandry on a beautiful silver tazza of the Neapolitan Museum. Mus. Borb. xii. 47.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Bullatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BULLA'TUS. Wearing the bulla; which was suspended by a fastening round the neck, so as to hang in front of the breast. It was so worn by Roman children, until they attained the age of puberty, when it was laid aside, together with the praetexta, and dedicated to the tutelary deities of their house. (Scipio Afr. ap. Macrob. Sat. ii. 10. Pers. Sat. v. 31.) The illustration (Bullatus/1.1) is from a bas-relief in terra-cotta, and represents a youth with his tablet at school.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Bulla

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BUL'LA. Literally a water bubble; whence the word is applied to various ornaments of a globular form, or which possess some affinity in shape to a bubble; viz. —
1. The head of a nail; made of rich and elaborate designs in bronze, or sometimes gold (Cic. Verr. v. 57.), and used for ornamenting the external panels of a door. The example (Bulla/1.1) is from an original of bronze, and represents one of the nail heads which decorate the ancient bronze doors of the Pantheon at Rome.
2. A boss or stud of the precious metals or other valuable material, affixed as an ornament to other objects; as, for instance, to a girdle, shoulder belt, sword sheath, &c. (Virg. Aen. ix. 359.) The example (Bulla/2.1) is from an original in ivory found in the catacombs at Rome.
3. Bulla aurea. A golden ornament, worn by the Roman children of noble families (Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 4.) It consisted of two concave plates of gold fastened together by an elastic brace of the same material, so as to form a complete globe, within which an amulet was contained. (Macrob. Sat. i. 6.) The illustration (Bulla/3.1) represents an original which was found at Roma Vecchia (Ficoroni, Bolla d' Oro, p. 8.), and is drawn of one-third the actual size.
4. Bulla scortea. An ornament of a similar description, only made of leather, instead of gold, which was worn attached to a thong of the same material (lorum, Juv. v. 165.), by the children of freedmen and of the lower classes. (Ascon. in Cic. Verr. v. 58.) The example (Bulla/4.1) is from a small bronze statue found at Perugia, in which the details of the band by which it was fastened round the neck clearly indicate that it was made of a leather plat.
* Bulla/1.1
* Bulla/2.1
* Bulla/3.1
* Bulla/4.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Bullula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BUL'LULA. Diminutive of BULLA. An ornament, worn by females round their necks, of similar character to the last, but of smaller dimensions, and made of gold, silver, bronze, or of precious stones. Inscript. ap. Ficoroni, Bolla d' Oro, p. 26. Hieron. in Isai. ii. 3. 18.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Bura

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BU'RA or BU'RIS (γύης). The plough tail (Varro, R. R. i. 19. 2.); i. e. the hinder part of an ancient plough formed out of the branch of a tree, or a single piece of timber, bent at one end into a curve (Virg. Georg. i. 169.), like an ox's tail (βοὸς οὐρὰ), from which resemblance the Latin name originated. (Serv. ad Virg. l. c. Isidor. Orig. xx. 14. 2.) The illustration (Bura/1.1) represents an ancient plough, from an engraved gem; the bent part on the left hand is the bura; the short hook under it, shod with iron, acted as the share (vomer); the upright stock, formed by a natural branch growing out in an opposite direction, the handle (stiva), by which the ploughman guided his machine; and the straight end, proceeding horizontally from the curve, a pole (temo), to which the oxen were attached. Compare also ARATRUM, 2., where the same part is shown upon a Greek plough of improved construction at the letters A A.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Bustuarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BUSTUA'RIUS. A gladiator who engaged in mortal combat round the funeral pyre at the burning of a body; a custom which originated in the notion that the manes were appeased with blood, and the consequent practice of killing prisoners taken in war over the graves of those who were slain in battle. (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. x. 519. Cic. Pis. 9. Compare Hom. Il. xxi. 26. Florus, iii. 20. 9.) The illustration (Bustuarius/1.1) is from an engraved gem; the character of the figure is indicated by the sepulchral pyramid in the back ground.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Bustum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BUS'TUM (τύμβος). A vacant space of ground, on which a funeral pile was raised, and the corpse burnt; but expressly so termed when this area was contained within the sepulchral enclosure, and contiguous to the tomb in which the ashes were afterwards deposited. It is, therefore, to be considered in the light of a private or family burning ground in contradistinction to the Ustrinum, or public one. Festus, s. v. Lucret. iii. 919. Cic. Leg. ii. 26. Suet. Nero, 38.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Butyrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BU'TYRUM (βούτυρον). Butter; an article which does not appear to have been either of Greek or Roman invention, but to have come to the former people from the Scythians, Thracians, and Phrygians, and to the latter from the nations of Germany. After they had become acquainted with the manner of making it, it was only used as medicine, or as an ointment in the baths, but not as an article of food, nor in cookery; and it would moreover appear that they were unable to make it of the same firmness and consistency as we do, or to work it beyond an oily or almost liquid state, for in all the passages in which the word occurs it is spoken of as something fluid and to be poured out. Columell. vi. 12. 5. Plin. H. N. xi. 96. Id. xxviii. 35. Beckman, History of Inventions, vol. i. p. 504 — 7. London, 1846.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Buxum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BUXUM (πύξος). Box-wood; an article much employed by the ancients, as it is with us, on account of its consistency and fitness for working; whence the word is commonly used to signify any of the various articles made of such wood; for example: —
1. A boy's whipping-top. Virg. Aen. vii. 382. Pers. Sat. iii. 51.
2. A box-wood flute or pipe. (Ovid. Met. xiv. 537. Prop. iv. 8. 42.) A pair of box-wood pipes from Greece are preserved in the British Museum. See TIBIA.
3. A box-wood comb. (Ov. Fast. vi. 229. Juv. xiv. 194.) See PECTEN.
4. A box-wood tablet, covered with wax, for writing on. (Prop. iii. 23. 8.) See CERA, TABELLA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cacabulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CACAB'ULUS or CACAB'ULUM (κακκάβιον). Diminutive of CACABUS. Apic. iv. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cacabus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CA'CABUS or CAC'CABUS (κακκάβη, κακκαβίς, κάκκαβος). A pot for boiling meat, vegetables, &c. (Varro, L. L. v. 127.), which was placed immediately upon the fire, or on a trivet (tripus) standing over it. (Compare AHENUM.) The common sorts were made of earthenware; whence, when other kinds are recommended, the material is always specified by a characteristic epithet, as a tin pot (stagneus, Columell. xii. 42. 1.); a bronze pot (aeneus, Id. xii. 48. 1.); a silver pot (argenteus, Ulp. Dig. 34. 2. 20.) The example (Cacabus/1.1) represents a bronze original, from Pompeii; a specimen in use, and upon a trivet, is given under TRIPUS 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caduceator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CADUCEA'TOR. A general name for any person who was sent out from one belligerent party to another, carrying the wand of peace (caduceus); or, as we should express it, the bearer of a flag of truce. The persons of those employed upon such missions were at all times held sacred and inviolable. Liv. xxxii. 32. Cato, ap. Fest. s. v. See also CERYX and FETIALIS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caduceus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CADU'CEUS or CADU'CEUM (κηρύκειον, κηρύκιον). In general, a herald's wand (Cic. de Orat. i. 46.), which consisted of a simple olive stick, ornamented with garlands (Müller, Archäologie der Kunst, p. 504 and the illustration to CERYX 2.); but the word is more specially applied to the wand assigned by ancient artists and poets to Mercury (caduceus Mercurialis, Apul. Met. xi. p. 245.), in his capacity of herald or messenger of the gods. In this, the place of the garlands is occupied by snakes; in allusion to the fable which states that Mercury, observing two snakes fighting with one another, separated them with his staff; whence a stick thus decorated came to be adopted as the emblem of peace. (Hygin. Astron. ii. 7. Macrob. Sat. i. 19.) Both these characteristics, the olive stick and the snakes for garlands, are clearly represented in the example (Caduceus/1.1), which is copied from a sepulchral urn. Sometimes a pair of wings are added on the top, as in the next illustration.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caducifer

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CADU'CIFER. In general, one who carries the caduceus, but more especially used as a characteristic epithet of Mercury, by which it is implied that he is the messenger of heaven. (Ov. Met. viii. 627. Id. Fast. v. 449.) The illustration (Caducifer/1.1) is from a Roman marble.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cadus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CADUS (κάδος). A large earthen-ware jar, used chiefly for holding wine (Mart. iv. 66. 8. Virg. Aen. i. 195. Id. Cop. 11.); but also employed for other purposes — to contain oil, honey, dried fruits, salted fish, meats, &c. (Mart. i. 44. 9. Id. i. 56. 10. Plin. H. N. xv. 21. Id. xviii. 73.) It had a narrowish neck and mouth, which could be closed with a stopper or cork bung (Plin. H. N. xvi. 13.), and a body which was pointed at bottom, and possessing the general shape of a boy's whipping-top (turbines cadorum, Plin. H. N. xxvii. 5.); all which characteristic properties are observable in the illustration (Cadus/1.1), from an original discovered amongst various other sorts of vessels in an ancient wine cellar, of which the plan and elevation is introduced under CELLA 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caelum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAELUM (γλύφανον). The chisel or graver used by persons who practise the art of chasing (caelatura) in metals. Isidor. Orig. xx. 4. 7. Quint. ii. 21. 24.
2. See COELUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caementarius

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CAEMENTA'RIUS. One who builds rough walls of unhewn stones (caementa). Hieron. Ep. 53. 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caementicius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAEMENTI'CIUS. Built of unhewn stones. The ancients adopted two ways of building with rough quarry stones; one, in which very large irregular masses were laid together without mortar but having the interstices filled in with the smaller chippings, as shown in the illustration (Caementicius/1.1) above, which represents a portion of the very ancient walls of Tiryns; this kind they termed caementicia structura antiqua. (Vitruv. ii. 8. Liv. xxi. 11.) The other, very generally practised by the Romans, consisted of small irregular pieces, imbedded in mortar, so as to take any architectural form, as shown by the annexed illustration (Caementicius/1.2), which represents a portion of the Villa of Maecenas at Tivoli, the ancient Tibur. This was called caementicia structura incerta (Vitruv. ii. 8.), and was mostly intended to be covered over by a coating of cement.
* Caementicius/1.1
* Caementicius/1.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caementum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAEMEN'TUM. Rough quarry stones, which were used for building walls in the manner described, and illustrated under the preceding word; including the large irregular masses employed for the walls of a citadel or fortified town (Liv. xxi. 11. Vitruv. i. 5. 8. and last cut but one), as well as the smaller fragments or chippings (λατύπη, σκύρος), more generally adopted in domestic architecture. Cic. Mil. 27. Vitruv. ii. 7. 1. Id. vi. 6. 1. and last illustration.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caena

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAENA. See COENA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caesaries

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAESAR'IES. Is nearly synonymous with COMA; but implies also a sense of beauty; i. e. as we should say, a becoming head of hair; profuse and abundant when applied to women (Ovid, Am. iii. 1. 32.); thick, long, and waving, like the Greek busts of Jupiter, Bacchus, and Apollo, when applied to men (Plaut. Mil. i. 1. 64. Liv. xxviii. 35. Virg. Aen. i. 590.); whence the same word is also used to designate a grand and majestic beard. Ov. Met. xv. 656.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caestrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAESTRUM. See CESTRUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caestus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAESTUS (ἱμάντες, μύρμηξ). Boxing gauntlets worn by the ancient prize fighters (Cic. Tusc. ii. 17. Virg. Aen. v. 379.); which consisted of leather thongs bound round the hand and wrists (Prop. iii. 14. 9.), and sometimes reached as high up as the elbow (illustration s. PUGIL), and armed with lead or metal bosses, as in the examples (Caestus/1.1), from an ancient statue.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caetra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAETRA. See CETRA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Calamarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CALAMA'RIUS. Theca calamaria (καλαμίς). A pen-holder, or case for carrying writing reeds. (Suet. Claud. 35. Mart. Tit. in Ep. xiv. 19.) It is probable that these cases also contained an ink-bottle, like those now used by our school-boys; whence the same word calamajo, in the common language of Italy, means an "ink-stand."
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Calamister

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CALAMIS'TER, CALAMIS'TRUS, CALAMIS'TRUM (καλαμίς). A pair of curling-irons; so termed because the outside was hollow like a reed (calamus), though, like our own, they were made of iron, and heated in the fire, to produce artificial curls in the hair. (Varro, L. L. v. 129. Cic. Post Red. i. 7. Pet. Sat. 102. 15). The illustration (Calamister/1.1) is copied from a sepulchral bas-relief in the Florentine Gallery, on which it appears amongst various other articles of the toilet; the curling part alone is indicated on the marble, as here represented, but that is sufficient to show that the instrument was similar in character to the one still employed for the same purpose.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Calamistratus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CALAMISTRA'TUS. Having the hair artificially curled with the irons (calamister); a practice very prevalent at Rome, both amongst men and women, in the time of Plautus, Varro, and Cicero. Plaut. As. iii. 3. 37. Cic. Post Red. i. 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Calamus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAL'AMUS (κάλαμος). Literally the haulm or stalk of any tall plant, but more especially of the reed or cane; whence it applied in the same way as the word ARUNDO, and to designate a similar class of objects; as
1. An arrow. Hor. Od. i. 15. 17. ARUNDO 2.
2. Pan's pipes. Virg. Ecl. ii. 33. ARUNDO 6.
3. A fishing-rod. Mart. according to Riddle, s. v. ARUNDO 3.
4. A fowler's lime-tipped rod. Mart. Ep. xiv. 218. ARUNDO 4.
5. A writing-reed. Cic. Att. vi. 8. Hor. A. P. 447. ARUNDO 5.
6. Also a tall reed or cane, set up as a sign-post in the sandy deserts of Egypt. Plin. H. N. vi. 33.