OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catapulta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATAPUL'TA (καταπέλτης). A military engine constructed principally for discharging darts and spears of great substance and weight (Paulus ex Fest. s. Trifax); whence it is sometimes put for the missile which it discharges. (Titin. ap. Non. s. v. p. 552. Plaut. Pers. i. 1. 27.) This machine is described in detail by Vitruvius (x. 15.), and it appears no less than six times on the Column of Trajan, from one of which the annexed representation (Catapulta/1.1) is taken; but the details are not sufficiently circumstantial in any one of them to illustrate satisfactorily the words of Vitruvius, or to show the precise manner in which it acted, beyond the general fact that it projected the missile by the force of its rebound, when the cross bar was drawn back from one of the sides, and then allowed to fly again with a recoil. It was also employed in the same manner as the ballista, for projecting large blocks of stone (Caes. B. C. ii. 9.); for which purpose the arch in in the centre seems intended, in order to let the mass pass; and it was also placed at times upon a carriage, and transported by horses or mules, like the carro-ballista, as proved by the next wood-cut.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catascopium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATASCOP'IUM. Diminutive of CATASCOPUS. A small vessel employed as a spy-ship, to keep a watch or look-out. Aul. Gell. x. 25.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catascopus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATAS'COPUS (κατάσκοπος). A spy or scout. Hirt. Bell. Afr. 26.
2. A vessel employed as a spy-ship. Caes. B. G. iv. 26. Isidor. Orig. xix. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catasta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATAS'TA. An elevated wooden frame or platform upon which slaves were placed when exposed for sale in the slave market, in order that the purchaser might examine them, to discover their points or defects. (Tibull. ii. 3. 60. Pers. vi. 77. Suet. Gramm. 13.) From an expression of Statius (Sylv. ii. 1. 72. turbo catastae), it would appear that the machine was made to revolve, like the stands used for statues, that the purchaser might have an opportunity of inspecting the structure of the figure exposed all round.
2. Catasta arcana. An apparatus of similar description, on which the most valuable and beautiful slaves were shown, not in the public market, but privately in the depôts of the dealers. Mart. Ep. ix. 60. 5.
3. An iron bed or grating under which a fire was kindled, and on which criminals were sometimes laid to be tortured, and some of the early martyrs roasted alive. Prudent. [Περὶ στεφ.] Error: {{Lang}}: text has italic markup (help) i. 56. Id. ii. 399.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cateja

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATE'JA. A missile employed in warfare by the Germans, Gauls, Hirpini, &c. It was a spear of considerable length and slender shaft, having a long cord attached to it, like the harpoon, so that it could be recovered by the person who had launched it. Virg. Aen. vii. 742. Serv. ad l. Sil. iii. 277. Isidor. Orig. xviii. 7. 7.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catella

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATELLA (ἁλυσίδιον). A diminutive of CATENA; but generally used to indicate the smaller and finer sort of chains made by jewellers in gold or silver, and used for trinkets, or any of the various purposes to which similar articles are applied in our own days. (Hor. Ep. i. 17. 55. Liv. xxxix. 31. Cato, R. R. 135.) The example (Catella/1.1) here introduced, from a Pompeian original, exhibits a small bronze chain of a pattern very commonly found; but the excavations made at different times in that city and other parts of Italy have produced a great variety of other designs, affording specimens of all the patterns now made, as well as some others, which cannot be imitated by modern workmen.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catellus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATELLUS. A diminutive of CATENA; a small chain made use of for the confinement of slaves, but whether of any special character, it is difficult to determine. From the passage of Plautus where the word occurs (Curc. v. 3. 13.), it may be surmised that the catellus was something like what is now called a "clog," which is attached to the legs of animals to prevent them from straying, and which might have been fastened as a punishment, to the leg of a slave; the term thus originating in a pun upon the word canis (Becker, Quaest. Plautin. p. 63. Lips. 1837.), the clog and chain having a sort of affinity to a dog with its chain.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catenarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATENA'RIUS, sc. CANIS. A yard or watch dog, chained up to protect the premises from strangers. The Romans kept dogs in this way at the entrance of their houses by the side of the porter's cell, with the notice, CAVE CANEM — "Beware of the dog," written up (Pet. Sat. 19. 1. Id. 72. 7. Seneca, Ira, 3. 37.); as is shown in the annexed illustration (Catenarius/1.1), from a mosaic, which forms the pavement of the prothyrum in the house of the "tragic poet," as it is called, at Pompeii.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catenatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATENA'TUS (ἁλυσίδετος). Shackled, fettered, or in chains, like a slave, criminal, or captive. (Flor. iii. 19. 3. Suet. Tib. 64. Hor. Epod. vii. 8.) The word does not imply that the person so confined was chained up, or bound to, another object, which is expressed by alligatus; but merely that he was bound with chains in a manner to impede the freedom of his motions, and prevent an escape by flight. See the illustrations s. CATULUS and COMPEDITUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catena

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATE'NA (ἅλυσις). A chain, formed by a series of iron links interlacing with each other. (Cic. Virg. Hor. Ov. &c.) The chains of the ancients were made exactly like our own, as shown by the illustration (Catena/1.1), which represents some of the links of an ancient chain now preserved as a sacred relic in the Church of S. Pietro in Vinculis at Rome, and which gave its title to the church; for it is there said to be the identical one with which St. Peter was chained in the Tullianum, or Servian prison. See Cancellieri, Carcere Tulliano, where all the evidence upon which this tradition depends is stated at length.
2. A chain of gold or silver worn by women as an ornament round the body, or over the shoulder and sides, like a balteus (Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 12.) Ornaments of this description are frequently depicted in the Pompeian paintings, from one of which the illustration (Catena/2.1) is taken; and always placed, as here, upon the naked body of goddesses, bacchanals, dancing girls, and persons of that description.
* Catena/1.1
* Catena/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catervarii

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATERVA'RII. Gladiators and combatants who fought in companies or bodies, and not in single pairs, which was the more usual manner. Suet. Aug. 45. Compare Cal. 30. gregatim dimicantes.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cathedra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATHED'RA (καθέδρα). A chair with a back to it, but without arms, such as was used more especially by females (Hor. Sat. i. 10. 91. Mart. Ep. iii. 63.); hence when assigned to males, it frequently implies a notion that they were of idle, luxurious, or effeminate habits. (Juv. Sat. ix. 52. The illustration (Cathedra/1.1) represents Leda's chair, from a Pompeian painting.
2. Cathedra supina. A chair with a long deep seat (hence cathedra longa. Juv. Sat. ix. 52.), and reclining back (whence supina. Plin. H. N. xvi. 68.), such as we might call an easy or lounging chair. The example (Cathedra/2.1) is from a Greek fictile vase, and represents one of the masters who taught the young men their exercises in the gymnasium (παιδοτρίβης). A marble in the Capitol at Rome shows the empress Agrippina sitting in one of a similar character.
3. Cathedra strata. A chair covered with a cushion, as seen in the first engraving. Juv. l. c.
4. The chair in which philosophers, rhetoricians, &c., sat to deliver their lectures; a professor's chair (Juv. Sat. vii. 203. Mart. Ep. 1. 77.), of which the last illustration probably affords the type.
5. A sedan chair (Juv. Sat. i. 65.); for SELLA, which see.
6. More recently, the chair in which the bishops of the early Christian Church sat during divine service (Sidon. in conc. post Epist. 9. 1. 7.); from which the principal church of a diocese was called the "cathedral;" i. e. in which the bishop's chair is placed.
* Cathedra/1.1
* Cathedra/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catheter

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATH'ETER (καθετήρ). Properly, a Greek word, for which the Romans used fistula aenea (Celsus, vii. 26. 1.); a catheter, or surgical instrument employed in drawing off the water, when suppressed, from the bladder, into which it is inserted. Cael. Aurel. Tard. ii. 1. n. 13.) The example (Catheter/1.1) is from an original, nine inches long, discovered at Pompeii.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catillus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATILLUS or CATILLUM. A small dish of the same form and character as the catinus, but of less capacity, and possibly of inferior manufacture. Columell. xii. 57. 1. Val. Max. iv. 3. 5.
2. (ὄνος). The upper or outer of the two stones in a mill for grinding corn (Paul. Dig. 33. 7. 18. § 5.), which served as a hopper or bowl into which the corn was poured; whence the name. The annexed illustration (Catillus/2.1) represents a Roman mill now remaining at Pompeii, with a section on the left hand. The upper part or basin is the catillus, into which the unground corn was put; it was then turned round by slaves or animals, and as it turned, the ears of corn gradually subsided through a hole at its bottom on to the conical or bell-shaped stone underneath (see the section), between which and the inner surface of its cap, they were ground into flour.
3. An ornament employed in decorating the scabbard of a sword (Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 54.), which is supposed to have been in the form of a round silver plate or stud, similar to those seen on the sheath of the sword inserted under CAPULUS; but the reading of the passage, as well as the meaning of it, if correct, is uncertain.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catinum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAT'INUM or CAT'INUS. A deep sort of dish, in which vegetables, fish, and poultry were brought to table. (Hor. Sat. i. 6. 115. Ib. ii. 4. 77. Ib. i. 3. 92.) The illustration (Catinum/1.1), which is copied from a series of ancient fresco paintings discovered near the church of St. John in Lateran, at Rome (Cassini, Pitture Antichi, tav. 4.), representing a number of slaves bringing in different dishes at a feast, shows the catinus, with a fowl and fish in it, precisely as described by Horace in the last two passages cited.
2. A deep earthenware dish, in which some kinds of cakes, pies, or puddings were cooked, and served up to table in the same; like our pie-dish. Varro, R. R. 84.
3. A deep dish made of earthenware, glass, or more precious materials, in which pastiles of incense were carried to the sacrifice (Suet. Galb. 18. Apul. Apol. p. 434.), and thence taken out to be dropped upon a small burning fire-basket. (See the illustration to FOCUS TURICREMUS.) The illustration (Catinum/3.1) represents a curious and valuable dish of agate, which was brought from Cesarea in Palestine in the year 1101, and is now preserved as a sacred relic in the sacristy of the cathedral at Genoa, where it goes by the name of the sagro catino. It is devoutly believed in that city that our Saviour partook of the paschal lamb with his disciples out of this identical dish; but the smallness of its size, and the value of its material, sufficiently prove that it was never made to contain food, though it might have been, reasonably enough, employed for the purpose assigned.
4. An earthenware crucible for melting metals. (Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 21.) The illustrations (Catinum/4.1) represent two originals, one of red, the other of white clay, which were found in an ancient Roman pottery at Castor in Northamptonshire. Artis. Durobriv. pl. 38.
5. A particular member of the forcing pump invented by Ctesibius. (Vitruv. x. 12.) See the conjectural diagram in CTESIBICA MACHINA, in which the Catinum is marked A.
* Catinum/1.1
* Catinum/3.1
* Catinum/4.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catomidio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATOMID'IO (κατωμίζω). To "hoist" one upon the shoulders of another, for the purpose of inflicting a flogging; a mode of punishment which, amongst the Romans, was applied to grown-up persons, as well as boys. (Pet. Sat. 132. 2. compare Apul. Met. ix. p. 196. Spart. Hadr. 18.) The illustration (Catomidio/1.1) represents the whole process as taking place in a school-room at Herculaneum, from a painting discovered in that city.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAT'ULUS. A chain attached to an iron collar (collare) round the neck, like a dog's chain by which runaway slaves, when recaptured, were brought back to their masters. (Lucil. Sat. xxix. 15. ed. Gerlach. Cum manicis, catulo, collarique, with manacles, leading chain, and neck collar.) The illustration (Catulus/1.1), from the Column of Antonine, representing a barbarian captive, shows both the collar and chain attached to it, as mentioned by Lucilius.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caudex

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAUDEX. See CODEX, which is the more usual spelling.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caudicarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAUDICA'RIUS or CODICA'RIUS. Naves caudicariae. Large boats employed upon the Tiber, and made of coarse planking roughly joined (Varro, de Vit. Pop. Rom. ap. Non. s. v. p. 535. Festus. s. v..; probably so constructed, because the rapidity of the current rendered it difficult to remount the stream; and they could thus be broken up or taken to pieces, without much loss, upon reaching the mouth of the river or their place of destination, as was the usual practice upon the Rhone before the introduction of steam navigation.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caudicius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAUDIC'IUS, sc. lembus. A vessel of similar character as the preceding, employed upon the Moselle. Auson. Mosell. 197.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAULA. A general name for any place surrounded with fences, so as to form an enclosure, as a sheepfold, &c. Festus, s. v. Virg. Aen. ix. 61. Serv. ad l.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cauliculi

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAULIC'ULI. In architecture, the eight smaller leaves or stalks in a Corinthian capital which spring out of the four larger or principal ones, by which the eight volutes of the capital are sustained. (Vitruv. iv. 1. 12. Gwilt, Glossary of Architrecture, s. v.) They are easily distinguished upon any Corinthian capitals. See CAPITULUM 6.; but in consequence of the very diminished size of the drawing, it is difficult to make them sufficiently prominent.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caupona

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAUPO'NA (ξενοδοκειον, πανδοκεῖον). An inn, for the accommodation of travellers, where they could be furnished with temporary board and lodging. (Hor. Ep. 1. 11. 12. Aul. Gell. vii. 11. 1.) The old-fashioned country inn, or road-side house, affords the nearest parallel in our language to the ancient caupona, which has no resemblance to the more imposing establishments or hotels, in which people of wealth amongst us take up their residence for long periods together. It was opened for the convenience of the poorer and trading classes, and those who travelled upon business, not for pleasure; for most other persons had private connections, or were furnished with introductions, which would ensure them a hospitable entertainment in some friend's house wherever they went; and such is still the custom in modern Italy, where the traveller who diverges from the beaten track, is obliged to have recourse to private hospitality, in consequence of the wretched nature of the places called inns.
2. (καπηλεῖον). In the large towns, the caupona was a place where wine and other refreshments, but wine more especially, was sold and drunk on the premises (Cic. Pis. 22. compare Mart. Ep. i. 27. ib. 57.); and thus it had a closer resemblance to our tavern, gin, or beer shop; the chief object of which is to retail spirits and liquors, though some also supply eatables. The illustration (Caupona/2.1) represents the interior of a wine shop, from a painting on the walls of one of these establishments at Pompeii; but in the original, a frame for dried and salted provisions is also suspended from the ceiling, which has been omitted, from inadvertance, in the engraving; it is, however, given under the word CARNARIUM.
3. (καπηλίς). A female who keeps one of these places of entertainment. Lucil. Sat. iii. 33. Gerlach. Apul. Met. i. p. 6. and 15.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cauponius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAUPO'NIUS, sc. puer. The waiter or pot-boy at a tavern, or a wine shop (Plaut. Poen. v. 5. 19.); see on the right hand in the preceding wood-cut, the figure who is bringing in the wine.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cauponula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAUPO'NULA. Diminutive of CAUPONA; a low, poor, and common wine-shop. Cic. Phil. ii. 31.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caupo

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAUPO. The master or keeper of a caupona; i. e. 1. An innkeeper (ξενοδόκος), who receives travellers in his house, and furnishes them with food and lodging (Cic. Div. i. 27); 2. a publican (κάπηλος), who furnished strangers with drink or food, but not with lodgings. Mart. Ep. i. 27. ib. i. 57., and see the next word.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caupulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAU'PULUS or CAU'POLUS. A particular kind of boat (Aul. Gell. x. 25. 3.), the peculiar characteristics of which are unknown; but said to belong to the same class as the lembo and cymba. Isidor. Orig. xix. i. 25.