OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Neocorus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NEO'CORUS (νεωκόρος). A Greek term, corresponding to the Latin aedituus; a verger who has the charge of a temple, and the objects contained in it; and whose duty it was to attend to the sweeping and cleaning of the same. Hence the inhabitants of the Greek towns often styled themselves the neocori of their patron divinity; and in later times, as a piece of refined flattery, of the Roman emperor; thereby intending to express devotion and piety towards the sovereign and at the same time insinuate his divinity. Firm. Math. 3. 7. n. 9. Inscriptions on coins and medals.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Neo

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NEO (νέω, νήθω, κλώθω). To spin, or twist a number of separate fibres of wool or flax into a single thread. The practice of spinning afforded universal occupation to the women of ancient Greece and Italy, as it does to the modern population of the same countries, in which every peasant woman spins her own thread, with the same simple machinery as was employed by the females of the heroic ages, the distaff (colus) and spindle (fusus). The annexed illustration (Neo/1.1), representing Hercules with the distaff and spindle of Omphale, from an ancient mosaic in the Capitol at Rome, will elucidate the manner in which the process is conducted, and explain the terms employed to describe the different steps in the operation. The loaded distaff (colus compta, or lana amictus) was fixed to the left side of the spinner, by running the end of the stick through the girdle (cingulum), instead of which the modern women use their apron strings. A number of fibres (stamina) are then drawn down from the top with the left hand (ducere lanam. Ov. Met. iv. 34.), and fastened to the spindle, which is then set twirling with the thumb and finger, as boys spin a teetotum (stamine nere. Ov. Fast. ii. 771. pollice versare. Met. iv. 34. versare pollice fusum. Met. vi. 22. Compare Tibull. ii. 1. 64.) The rotatory motion of the spindle, as it hangs suspended (wood-cut, p. 192.), twists these fibres into a thread (filum), which is constantly fed from above by drawing out more fibres from the distaff as the twist tightens (ducere stamina versato fuso. Ov. Met. iv. 221.). When the length of the thread has grown so long that the spindle nearly touches the ground, the portion made is taken up and wound round the spindle, and the same process is again resumed, until other lengths are twisted, and the spindle is entirely covered with thread, so that it can contain no more, when the thread is broken from the distaff (rumpere supremas colos. Val. Flacc. vi. 645.), and the whole rolled up into a ball (glomus) ready for use. Compare Cattul. lxiv. 312 — 318., where the operation is described in detail.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nervia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NER'VIA. (Varro, ap. Non. s. v. p. 215.) Same as NERVUS, 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nervus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NER'VUS (νεύρον). The string of a musical instrument. Cic. Or. iii. 57.
2. A bow-string. Virg. Aen. x. 131. ix. 622.
3. A raw hide, with which shields were covered. Tac. Ann. ii. 14. Sil. Ital. iv. 291.
4. (ξυλοπέδη. Gloss. Philox.) A contrivance for confining slaves and criminals; which appears to have had a considerable resemblance to our stocks, being made of wood, or of iron, with holes through which the feet were inserted, and fastened with thongs. (Festus, s. v. Plaut. As. iii. 2. 5. XII. Leg. ap. Gell. xx. 1.) Hence frequently used for Carcer.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nessotrophium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NESSOTROPHI'UM (νησσοτροφεῖον). A duck-yard, where ducks were reared and kept; comprising one of the principal dependencies of a country villa or farm. It was enclosed by a wall fifteen feet high, carefully covered with cement of a fine quality, which was highly polished to prevent cats and vermin from climbing up it, and surmounted by a strong trellis, from the top of which a net was spread over the whole enclosure, in order to protect the inmates from birds of prey, and, at the same time, prevent them from flying away. The centre of the enclosure was occupied by a pool of water, having an island planted with aquatic shrubs in the middle; and the sides of the pool laid down in grass to a depth of twenty feet from the margin of the water. Beyond this and against the outer wall the nests for the birds were ranged, each one being a foot square, formed of stone, and having some plants of box or of myrtle between it and its neighbour. Along the front of the nests there was a narrow trough or gutter sunk in the ground, through which a constant stream of water was directed, and in this the food was mixed. (Varro, R. R. iii. 10. Columell. viii. 15.) It is not to be supposed that every duck-yard was formed upon so extensive and perfect a plan; but the above description, from Cato and Columella, supplies a notion of the care and expense bestowed upoon these birds by large farmers, and wealthy country gentlemen.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Neurobata

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NEUROB'ATA (νευροβάτης). One who danced upon a very fine but strong cord made of gut, so that he would appear to the spectators at a little distance to tread upon nothing but the air; whereas the regular rope dancer (funambulus) performed his exploits upon a stout rope easily discernible, and, consequently, his art was inferior in point of skill and of the illusion produced. Vopisc. Carin. 19. Firm. Math. 8. 17.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Neurospaston

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NEUROSPAS'TON (νευρόσπαστον). A puppet, or marionette (Aul. Gell. xiv. 1. 9.), having the different limbs attached by wires, so that they could be put in motion imperceptibly by a thread (Hor. Sat. ii. 7. 82.), as is still a common practice. These dancing dolls (which were common amongst the Greeks) were usually exhibited at their shows, and appear to have been brought to great perfection; for Aristotle (de Mund. cap. 6.), paraphrased by Apuleius (de Mund. p. 741.) speaks of some which moved their limbs, hands, head, and eyes in a very natural manner.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Niceterium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NICETE'RIUM (νικητήριον). A prize of victory, or reward of valour, like the phalarae or torquis, which the recipient wore on his breast or neck (Juv. iii. 68.), as we do crosses and ribands; but the word is properly Greek, and has reference more particularly to the customs of that nation.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nimbus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NIMBUS. In its ordinary signification, is applied to gloomy and troubled weather, a dark and stormy cloud, a shower of rain; whence it is also used to express any thing which spreads itself like a cloud, especially the light fleecy vapour which poets assign to their gods when they appear upon earth; as a lustrous veil irradiated by the heavenly splendour which emanates from them, like the nimb round Christian saints, and the annexed example (Nimbus/1.1), representing Iris, in the Vatican Virgil. (Virg. Aen. x. 634. Id. ii. 615.
2. But as an accessory of this extent would be generally embarrassing in the conduct of a picture, the ancient artists resorted to the expedient of representing the same thing in a conventional manner by a circle of light thrown only round the head, as in the annexed example (Nimbus/2.1), from a painting of Pompeii. The later writers designated this circle by the same term (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. ii. 615. iii. 585. Isidor. Orig. xxix. 31. 2.); and it formed the original of the glory or aureole round the heads of Christian saints. Most writers ascribe the use of the nimbus and glory, as now explained, to the Greek μηνίσκος, which was a circular disk of metal placed horizontally over the head of a statue in the open air, to protect it from the weather and bird stains (Aristoph. Av. 1114.); an object of undoubted utility in actual use, but scarcely appropriate, considering the association of ideas connected with it, to be adopted as an ornament for a god or a saint.
3. A linen band (Nimbus/3.1), ornamented with gold embroidery, and worn by females across the forehead (Isidor. Orig. xix. 31. 2. Arnob. ii. 72. Compare Plaut. Poen. i. 2. 138.), in order to contract its size, which produces a more juvenile appearance (compare Pet. Sat. 126. 15. frons minima, as a mark of beauty); for a high forehead is the attribute of age, which bares the temples, not of youth.
4. Nimbus vitreus. A vessel of glass, supposed to be used for cooling wine; and so termed, because, when filled with snow, the steam on the glass gave the appearance of a mist, or the contents of a fleecy cloud. Mart. xiv. 112.
* Nimbus/1.1
* Nimbus/2.1
* Nimbus/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nivarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NIVA'RIUS. See COLUM, 2. and SACCUS, 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nodus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NODUS. A knot; by which certain articles of apparel were tied on the top of the shoulder, instead of being fastened with a brooch (fibula Virg. Aen. vi. 301.). The example (Nodus/1.1) represents two Roman soldiers in their military cloaks, the one on the left fastened by a nodus, the other with a fibula, from a group on the Column of Trajan. The rustic at p. 429. playing the monaulos, has an exomis fastened in the same way, which was also the ordinary costume of the Greek and Roman mariners (Plaut. Mil. iv. 4. 44.); and the barbarians on the columns are frequenly represented with their cloaks (saga) tied by a knot like the above figure. From these instances it will be readily understood that the practice was especially characteristic of the poorer classes, who could not afford an ornamental fastening; hence it is assigned to the ferryman Charon to describe his poverty and occupation — sordidus ex humeris modo dependet amictus. Virg. l. c.
2. A knot; by which the girdle (cingulum) was tied under the bosom (Virg. Aen. i. 320.); as in the annexed example (Nodus/2.1), from a small ivory carving of Diana, draped in the manner described by Virgil in the passage just cited — nodo sinus collecta fluentes. Hence the word is also applied to the embroidered girdle of Venus. (Mart. vi. 13.) See CESTUS.
3. A knot; by which the band was tied round a tuft of hair (cirrus, corymbus, crobylus), produced by drawing the hair back from the roots all round the head into a mass at the occiput, as shown by the annexed example (Nodus/3.1), from a bas-relief of the Vatican; a fashion frequently adopted by the young women and youths of Greece, and common to some of the German tribes. Mart. Spect. iii. 9. Ep. v. 37. 8. Tac. Germ. 38.
4. The knot or thong by which the common leather amulet (bulla scortea) was tied round the neck of poor people's children. (Juv. v. 165.) See the illustration s. BULLA 2.
5. A thong attached to a spear, for the purpose of discharging it with greater power when used as a missile (Sil. Ital. i. 318.); more commonly termed AMENTUM; where see the illustration.
6. The knot by which each mesh of a net is fastened; whence the mesh itself. Manil. v. 664.
7. A wood-bud on the branch of a tree (Columell. Arb. iii. 4.); whence the knot produced by cutting off the minor shoots from the parent branch (Liv. i. 18.); and thence, in a special sense, the club of Hercules, which is always represented as covered with knots. Senec. Herc. Oet. 1661. CLAVA, 3.
* Nodus/1.1
* Nodus/2.1
* Nodus/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nomenclator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NOMENCLA'TOR. A sort of usher; a slave kept by great personages amongst the Romans, whose business it was to make himself acquainted with the names and persons of every one who was in the habit of attending his master's levees, so that when the great man met any of them out of doors, the nomenclator, who accompanied him, announced their names, and enabled him to address them personally, or pay them some little appropriate compliment; for to pass a client without notice, even inadvertently, might be regarded as an affront, and possibly be resented at the next elections. (Cic. Att. iv. i. Senec. Ep. 27.) In great houses, where the acquaintances and hangers on were very numerous, the nomenclator arranged the order of precedence amongst the guests, announced the name of each dish as it was served up, and enumerated its peculiar excellencies. Pet. Sat. 47. 8. Senec. Ep. 19. Plin. H. N. xxxii. 21.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Norma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NORMA (κανών). A square for measuring right angles; employed by carpenters, masons, builders, &c. to prove that the angles are true. (Vitruv. vii. 3. Plin. xxxvi. 51.) It was formed in two ways; either by two rules (regulae) joined together at right angles, or by a flat piece of board with a right angle cut out of it; both of which are exhibited in the illustration (Norma/1.1), from sepulchral marbles.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nosocomium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NOSOCOMI'UM (νοσοκομεῖον). A hospital, or infirmary for the poor. Imp. Justin. Cod. 1. 2. 19. and 20.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Notarii

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NOTA'RII. Short-hand writer; belonging to the class of slaves termed generally librarii, amongst whom they formed a distinct body, being especially employed to commit to writing the thoughts of their master at his dictation. Plin. Ep. iii. 5. 15. ix. 26. 2. Mart. xiv. 208.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Notatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NOTA'TUS. A slave branded on the forehead with certain marks or letters declaratory of the offence committed. Mart. iii. 21.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Novacula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NOVA'CULA (ξυρόν). A knife with a very sharp edge, employed for shaving the hair of the head or beard, like our razor. (Pet. Sat. 103. 1. Mart. ii. 66. Suet. Cal. 23. Compare CULTELLUS and CULTER, 5.) Martial (vii. 61.) applies the same name to the assassin's knife (sica).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nubilarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NUBILA'RIUM. A large shed or barn, open on one side, and situated close by the threshing-floor (area), which was in the open air, in order to house grain until it was threshed out, and shelter it from sudden or partial showers. Varro, R. R. i. 13. 5. Columell. ii. 21. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nudus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NUDUS (γυμνός). Unclad; in the ordinary sense, denoting absolute nakedness; thence, in common language, scantily or imperfectly clad, denoting a person of either sex who is divested of all clothing except that which is worn next the skin — the Roman of his toga, the Greek of his pallium — as we say undressed of a man without his coat, or of a female without her gown. But the Latin nudus, as well as the Greek γυμνός, appear to have indicated something more than the mere absence of an outer garment (amictus) over the tunic; for both words are particularly used in describing the hardworking population, agricultural labourers, ploughmen, &c. (Hesiod. Op. 391. Virg. Georg. ii. 299. Aurel. Vict. Vir. Illust. 17.), who either wore an exomis (wood-cut, p. 269.), or a very short tunic girt high up above the knees, as the left-hand figure in the annexed illustration (Nudus/1.1) from a Pompeian painting; and in respect of women, as descriptive of one who escapes from danger in a hurried flight and half dressed (Xen. Anab. i. 10. 3.); or of the young Doric virgins who contended in the gymnasium (Aristoph. Lys. 82.), and wore a very small chemise, not reaching to the knees, and leaving the right shoulder exposed (Pausan. v. 16. 2.), precisely as shown by the right-hand figure, from a statue in the Vatican. In all these instances, the style of clothing, which scarcely conceals the person, really does suggest a notion of nudity; but that is not so obviously the case when a person wears an ordinary tunic, without an amictus over it (see the examples s. TUNICA); besides which both the Greeks and Romans had a separate word to distinguish that kind of dishabille; viz. μονοχίτων or οἰοχίτων, and TUNICATUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Numella

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NUMEL'LA and NUMEL'LUS. A contrivance devised for the purpose of keeping men and animals in a fixed position without the power of motion, while under the infliction of punishment (Non. s. v. p. 144. Plaut. As. iii. 2. 5.), the operations of the veterinary (Columell. vi. 19. 2.), or any process for which steadiness of posture was deemed requisite. (Id. vii. 8. 6.) It was made like a pair of stocks for the neck, with two boards or bars sliding in grooves against the sides of two strong uprights, so as to open and shut at pleasure, which allowed the head to pass between them, and when closed, acted as a grip round the neck. (Columell. vi. 19. 2.) The legs were then picketted by thongs round the ankles, or fetlocks, if necessary. Festus. s. v.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Numida

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NUM'IDA. An outrider, or courier-à-cheval; a slave who rode before his master's carriage, to clear the way, announce his approach, or for the sake of ostentation; generally, a Numidian, a race of people who were famous for their horsemanship. Senec. Ep. 87. Ib. 123. Tac. Hist. ii. 40. Inscript. ap. Marin. Fr. Arv. p. 691.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nupta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NUP'TA (νύμφη). A bride; meaning, literally, a female who is covered with a veil (from nubere), because the Roman women enveloped themselves from head to foot in a large yellow-coloured veil at the wedding, as shown by the annexed figure (Nupta/1.1) of a bride, in a Roman bas-relief, representing a marriage ceremony. Cic. Ov. Caes. Juv. &c.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nuptiae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NUP'TIAE (γάμος). A wedding; marriage nuptials. See MATRIMONIUM and CONFARREATIO; under which the rites and ceremonies are explained.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nyctostrategus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NYCTOSTRATE'GUS. A title adopted under the empire instead of the old Praefectus Vigilum, to designate the officer who commanded the city watch, and went his rounds at night, attended by a guard, to protect the citizens from fire, robbery, house breaking, &c. Arcad. Dig. 50. 4. 18. § 12.