OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Figulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FIG'ULUS (κεραμεύς). Any artist or mechanic who works in clay; as, one who makes figures and ornaments in terra-cotta (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 43.), represented by the preceding illustration; a brick-maker (Juv. x. 171.), represented by the engraving s. LATERARIA; a potter (Varro, R. R. iii. 15. 2.), of which trade the annexed figure (Figulus/1.1), from an Egyptian painting, affords an example. The potter sits on the ground before his wheel (rota), on the top of which is placed the lump of clay, which he forms into shape with this thumbs and fingers, exactly in the same manner as now practised. An engraved gem (Caylus, Recueil, &c. iv. 62.) represents an artisan of the same description, with a modelling stick in his hand, sitting before a fictile vase, which is situated on the top of a miniature kiln, to indicate that he is giving the last finish before sending it to the oven.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fimbriatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FIMBRIA'TUS (θυσανωτός). Furnished with tassels or fringes. The preceding wood-cut shows a table napkin ornamented in this way; but fringes upon wearing apparel in works of art are more especially introduced to characterise royal personages of foreign and barbarous nations, like the captive princes on the Arch of Constantine, or the Egyptian priesthood, especially Isis and her attendants, one of whom is represented in the annexed engraving (Fimbriatus/1.1), from a Pompeian painting, in the exact costume which Herodotus ascribed to that class (ii. 81.). It was a mark of singularity in Julius Caesar that he wore a fringe on the sleeve of his tunic (Suet. Caes. 45.); for amongst Greeks and Romans such an appendage was regarded as exclusively feminine.
2. As applied to whips, see FLAGRUM, 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fimbria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FIM'BRIA (θύσανοι, κροσσοί). A fringe, or ornamental border to a piece of cloth (Celsus, ii. 6. Varro, L. L. v. 79.), generally produced by leaving the extremities of the warp threads upon the cloth after it had been removed from the loom (see TELA RECTA); but rich tassels and fringes were sometimes made separately, and sewn on to the fabric at pleasure. Julius Caesar wore them round the wrists of a long-sleeved tunic. (Suet. Caes. 45.) The illustration (Fimbria/1.1) is from a painting at Pompeii.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fiscella

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FISCEL'LA. Diminutive of FISCINA. A small basket made of wicker work or rushes, of common use in gardening, farming, and dairy operations; particularly to hold a sort of cheese made with curdled cream (Tibull. ii. 3. 15.), called ricotta by the modern Italians; one of which is represented in the cut (Fiscella/1.1), with the cheese in it, from an original, as it was found at Pompeii.
2. (φιμός). A small basket put over the noses of oxen, as a muzzle, to prevent them from cropping the young shoots of the vines when ploughing (Cato, R. R. 54. 5. Plin. H. N. xviii. 49. § 2.); and of other animals of a vicious nature to prevent their biting, as shown by the annexed engraving (Fiscella/2.1), from the Theodosian Column. Ginzrot, 85. 3.
* Fiscella/1.1
* Fiscella/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fiscellus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FISCEL'LUS. Diminutive of FISCUS. Same as FISCINA. Columell. xii. 38. 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fiscina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FIS'CINA. A large basket, made of osiers, Spanish broom, or rushes, employed in all kinds of out-door work, in gardens, orchards, vineyards, and agricultural operations, in the same manner as the fiscella; as a fruit basket (Cic. Fl. 17.); a cheese basket (Mart. i. 44.); a muzzle for horses (Plin. xxxiv. 19. § 7.); and in the wine and oil press room for containing the grapes or olives whilst under the action of the press beam (Columell. xii. 39. 3.), the use and action of which are explained and exhibited by the article and illustration, s. TORCULAR, 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fissipes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FIS'SIPES. Cloven footed; whence used to designate a reed pen (Auson. Epist. vii. 50.), which was made, like our own, with a split at the nibs; see the illustration s. ARUNDO, 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fistucatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FISTUCA'TUS. Beaten down, consolidated, or driven in with a rammer (fistuca). Vitruv. vii. 4. 5. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 63.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fistuca

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FISTU'CA. A rammer, with which walls of masonry, floorings, and pavements were levelled and consolidated (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 61. Cato, R. R. 28. 2.), as shown by the annexed example (Fistuca/1.1), from the Column of Trajan; also employed for driving piles under water (Caes. B. G. iv. 17.); but that, from the nature of the service performed, must have been a larger and more powerful instrument, and probably was worked by machinery.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fistulator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FISTULA'TOR. One who blows the Pan's pipe (fistula), Cic. Or. iii. 61. in which passage it is specially used to designate a piper employed by the Roman orators to assist them in keeping their voices at a proper pitch, one of whom, it is insinuated by Cicero, always accompanied Gracchus when he spoke in public.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fistulatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FISTULA'TUS. Hollow, perforated, or fitted with tubes. Suet. Nero, 31.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fistula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FIS'TULA (σωλήν). A water pipe. (Cic. Rabir. perd. 11. Frontin. Aq. 25.) These were generally made of lead; but in the Villa of Antoninus Pius at Lanuvium, a portion of one has been discovered, weighing between thirty and forty pounds of pure silver, so that the description of Statius (Sylv. i. 5. 48.), which records a similar extravagance is not a poetic fiction. The example (Fistula/1.1) here given represents part of an original excavated in Rome, where many similar specimens have been found, all of which possess the same peculiarity of form as here observable, being compressed at the top, but circular below.
2. (σύριγξ). A Pan's pipe, made of the stalks of the reed, cane, or hemlock. (Virg. Ecl. ii. 36. Tibull. ii. 5. 31.) See ARUNDO, 6.
3. A writing pen made of reed, or cane. (Pers. iii. 14.) See ARUNDO, 5.
4. (καθετήρ). A metal catheter, distinguished by the ancient surgeons, as well as our own, into two sorts, the male and female. (Celsus, vii. 26. 1.) See CATHETER.
5. An implement employed by the shoemaking trade; perhaps, a shoe-maker's punch. Plin. H. N. xvii. 23.
6. A rolling pin for making pastry. Apic. 42.
7. Fistula farraria, ferraria, or serrata. Supposed to be a machine for grinding corn (Plin. H. N. xviii. 23. Cato, R. R. 10. 3.), but the readings are uncertain; some of the old editions of Cato have fiscella farinaria.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Flabellifer

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FLABELL'IFER. In a general sense, any one who carries a fan (flabellum); the name is specially given to young slaves of the male or female sex (Plaut. Trin. ii. 1. 29.), whose business it was to carry their mistress's fan, and fan her when required. The illustration (Flabellifer/1.1) represents a Cupid as the fan-bearer of Ariadne, lamenting her desertion, in a Pompeian painting; other designs in that city, as well as on fictile vases, exhibit females in a similar capacity.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Flabellum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FLABELL'UM (ῥιπίς). A fan. (Terent. Eun. iii. 5. 50.) The fans of the Greek and Roman ladies were made with the leaves of the lotus plant, of peacock's feathers (Prop. ii. 24. 11.), or some expansive material, painted in brilliant colours (Mart. iii. 82.); were not constructed to open and shut, like ours, but were stiff, and had a long handle, the most convenient form for the manner in which they were used; viz. for one person to fan another, a slave being always employed for the purpose. (FLABELLIFER.) The left-hand figure in the illustration (Flabellum/1.1) represents a fan of lotus leaf, from a Pompeian painting; the right-hand one, of peacock's feathers, from a painting discovered at Stabia.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Flagellum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FLAGELLUM (μάστιξ). A cat, or scourge; made with a great number of knotted and twisted tails, like the numerous feelers of the polypus, which are consequently deisgnated by the same name (Ov. Met. iv. 367.); chiefly employed for the punishment of slaves. (Juv. vi. 478. Hor. Sat. i. 2. 41. Ib. 3. 119. Marcell. Dig. 48. 19. 10.) Though a diminutive of FLAGRUM, it was in reality an instrument of greater severity; the diminutive only applying to the fineness of the fibres which composed it, but which, by their very nature, increased the sufferings inflicted. Consequently, it is characterised by the epithet horribile; in some cases, even producing death (Hor. ll. cc.); and the nature of the wound produced by it is always specified by words which are descriptive of cutting, such as caedere, secare, scindere (Hor. Juv. ll. cc. Ov. Ibis, 183.), in contradistinction to those connected with flagrum, which express an action of thumping or pounding, such as pinsere or rumpere. The scourge held by the upright figure in the illustration (Flagellum/1.1), which is copied from the device on the handle of a bronze jug found at Pompeii, is no doubt intended to represent one of these instruments; but it will be readily conceived from the minuteness of the design, consequent upon the confined space allotted to it, that it affords only an imperfect idea of the real object.
2. A driving-whip (Virg. Aen. v. 579. Sil. iv. 440.); in which case we may infer that it designates one of a severer description than those commonly used; with two or three thongs, for instance, instead of a single one like the scutica. The specimen (Flagellum/2.1) here introduced is used by a Triton in a Pompeian painting.
3. The thong attached to a harpoon (aclis), for the purpose of drawing it back again to the person who had launched it. Virg. Aen. vi. 730. Servius ad l.
* Flagellum/1.1
* Flagellum/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Flagrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FLA'GRUM. An instrument employed chiefly for the punishment of slaves (Plaut. Amph. iv. 2. 10. Mart. xiv. 79.), consisting of several chains with knobs of metal at their extremities (whence durum, Juv. v. 172.), appended to a short handle, in the same manner as a whip; but which dealt out heavy blows rather than lashes; consequently the effects produced by it are described by words expressive of thumping, pounding, and breaking (pinsere, Plaut. Merc. ii. 3. 80. rumpere, Ulp. Dig. 47. 10. 9.), and not of cutting, or lashing, which is characteristic of the flagellum. Livy (xxviii, 11.), however, has caesa flagro. The illustration (Flagrum/1.1) is copied from an original found at Herculaneum, in the houses of which city other specimens have been found, with two and five tails, but otherwise of similar character to the present.
2. Flagrum talis tessellatum (μάστιξ ἀστραγαλωτή). A whip composed of a number of long lashes (prolixe fimbriatum), with the pastern bones (tali) of sheep tied up in them, and affixed to a short handle, with which the priests of Cybele affected to flog themselves for the purpose of exciting compassion amongst the ignorant multitude. (Apul. Met. vii. p. 173.) The example annexed (Flagrum/2.1), corresponding in every respect with the above description, is copied from a marble bas-relief representing Cybele surrounded by various implements employed in her worship, of which the above forms one.
3. Flagrum fimbriatum (Apul. l. c.), furnished with a number of lashes, which hang together like a fringe (fimbria), whence the name.
* Flagrum/1.1
* Flagrum/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Flamen

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FLAMEN. A Flamen; the title given to any Roman priest attached to the service of some single divinity (Cic. Leg. ii 8.), each being distinguished by the name of the deity to whom he ministered (Varro, L. L. v. 84.); as Dialis, of Jupiter; Martialis, of Mars; Quirinalis, of Romulus. His pontifical dress was the laena, fastened by a brooch at the throat, and the cap called apex, with an olive stick and flock of wool on its crown. Serv. ad Virg. Aen., iv. 262.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Flaminica

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FLAMIN'ICA. The wife of the Flamen Dialis. Festus, s. Flamen.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Flammearius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FLAMMEA'RIUS. One who makes, or deals in, flammea. Plaut. Aul. iii. 5. 35. and FLAMMEUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Flammeolum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FLAMM'EOLUM. Diminutive of FLAMMEUM; not, however, meaning small in size, but of a very fine and thin texture; consequently, of greater value. Juv. x. 334.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Flammeum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FLAM'MEUM. The marriage veil, worn by a Roman bride on her wedding day. It was of a deep and brilliant yellow colour (Plin. H. N. xxi 22.), like a flame, from which circumstance the name arose; and of large dimensions, sufficient to cover the whole person from head to foot. During the ceremony it was worn over the head, to shield the downcast looks of virgin modesty (Lucan. ii. 361.), as exhibited in the above figure (Flammeum/1.1), from a Roman marble, representing a bride (nupta) at her wedding; and was so kept until she arrived at her new home, when she was unveiled by her husband; as exemplified by the annexed figure (Flammeum/1.2), also from a Roman marble, which represents a young bride sitting on a couch, with the flammeum still on her shoulders, though unveiled, and exhibiting a very natural gesture of feminine modesty, or regret for the loss of her old friends and companions.
* Flammeum/1.1
* Flammeum/1.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Flammula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FLAM'MULA. A banner used in late times by some of the cavalry regiments of the Roman armies (Veget. Mil. ii. 1. Id. iii. 5.); which may have received the name from being of a yellow colour, like the bridal veil (flammeum); or from being notched at the end into long pointed forks, like a flame (flamma), a specimen of which is exhibited in the annexed wood-cut (Flammula/1.1) from the arch of Septimius Severus.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Focale

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FOCA'LE (προσγναθίδιον). A wrapper for the neck and jaws (fauces, quasi faucale), like our neck-cloth or cravat; originally only worn by delicate persons and invalids (Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 255. Quint. xi. 3. 144.), not as an ordinary part of the Roman costume, as it is of ours; but when the extension of the Empire forced the Roman soldier to endure the severities of northern climates, it seems to have been generally adopted in the army; for it is universally worn by the troops in the armies of Trajan, Antoninus, and Septimius Severus, in the manner shown by the annexed example (Focale/1.1), the ends of which hang down over the chest exactly as described by the Scholiast on Horace (l. c.), a collis dependentia, ad fovendum collum, et fauces contra, frigus muniendas.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Focarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FOCA'RIUS. One of the lowest class of household slaves, attached to the kitchen department, where he had to attend to the fire, and probably perform the common drudgery of the place. Ulp. Dig. 4. 9. 1.
2. Focaria. A female slave employed in the above services; a kitchen-maid. Ulp. Dig. 33. 7. 12. Pomp. ib. 15.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Foculus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FOC'ULUS. Diminutive of FOCUS; any small or portable fire-place; especially in the following specific senses and uses: —
1. The cavity on the top of an altar for burnt-offerings, within which the fire was kindled (Liv. ii. 12.); whence also used for the altar itself. (Cic. Dom. 47.) The example (Foculus/1.1) represents a small marble altar, showing the foculus at the top, from an original found at Antium.
2. (ἐσχάριον). A brazier, or chafing-dish, in which charcoal or wood-ashes were burnt, for the purpose of warming apartments. Many of these have been discovered in the houses of Herculaneum and Pompeii both round and square, but similar in general character to the specimen annexed (Foculus/2.1), from an original of bronze.
3. A small portable stove or fire-place, employed for culinary and other purposes. (Plaut. Capt. iv. 2. 67. Juv. Sat. iii. 262.) The example (Foculus/3.1), from a painting found in Herculaneum, shows the stove raised upon a stand supported on three legs, in order to give room for ventilation underneath, the door in front through which the charcoal was to be inserted, and a vessel on the top, containing the ingredients which the figure stirs round whilst they boil.
* Foculus/1.1
* Foculus/2.1
* Foculus/3.1