OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Cohen-Macaulay ring/Positive characteristic/Cohomological criterion for tight closure/Fact/Proof

We consider the short exact sheaf sequences
    $0\longrightarrow \operatorname {Syz} _{i}\longrightarrow {\mathcal {O}}_{U}^{\beta _{i}}\longrightarrow \operatorname {Syz} _{i-1}\longrightarrow 0$
on $U=D({\mathfrak {m}})$ coming from the resolution for $i=1,\ldots ,d-1$ ($\operatorname {Syz} _{0}$ is just the structure sheaf). Because all these sheaves are locally free, taking the absolute Frobenius (and all its iterations) is exact, therefore we get short exact sequences
    $0\longrightarrow F^{e*}\operatorname {Syz} _{i}\longrightarrow {\mathcal {O}}_{U}^{\beta _{i}}\longrightarrow F^{e*}\operatorname {Syz} _{i-1}\longrightarrow 0$
and cohomology pull-backs $F^{e*}(c_{j})\in H^{j}{\left(U,F^{e*}\operatorname {Syz} _{j}\right)}$. Note also that for $i=1$ and $I={\left(f_{1},\ldots ,f_{n}\right)}$ we get
    $0\longrightarrow F^{e*}\operatorname {Syz} _{1}\longrightarrow {\mathcal {O}}_{U}^{n}{\stackrel {f_{1}^{q},\ldots ,f_{n}^{q}}{\longrightarrow }}{\mathcal {O}}_{U}\longrightarrow 0,$
so the image of this map inside $R=\Gamma (U,{\mathcal {O}}_{U})$ is exactly $I^{[q]}$. By the universal property of the absolute Frobenius and of the connecting homomorphisms in cohomology we have
    $F^{e*}(c_{j})=F^{e*}(\delta ^{j}(f))=\delta ^{j}(F^{e*}f)=\delta ^{j}(f^{q})\,$
and also
    $zF^{e*}(c_{j})=\delta ^{j}(zf^{q})\,.$
Because of the injectivity of $\delta$ in the given range we have that $zf^{q}$ belongs to the ideal $I^{[q]}$ if and only if $zF^{e*}(c_{1})=0$ if and only if $zF^{e*}(c_{j})=0$.
# Cold War II/Evaluating sources

Multiple sources use the term "Cold War II" and interchangeable terms, like "new Cold War" and "second Cold War". Other sources not using those terms may not count, and they include sources saying "since the Cold War" and "post-Cold War". However, some sources using those terms may not be reliable.
Article headlines can mention the term or any other term, but the rest of the article may not mention any of the terms.
If you are planning to improve the Wikipedia article "Cold War II", please find the terms before using the source. If it does not mention the terms, the source must not be used. If an article from a news source uses any term for just its headline without repeating the term(s) in the body article, using the source is normally discouraged, regardless of the publisher's (or host's) reputation. Nevertheless, the headline may be suitable for Wikiquote.
# Cohen-Macaulay graded ring/Positive characteristic/Parameter/Tight closure/Degree criterion/Inclusion/Fact

Suppose that $R$ is a graded Cohen-Macaulay ring of positive characteristic $p$ and of dimension $d$. Let $f_{1},\ldots ,f_{d}$ be a homogeneous system of parameters.
    $R_{\geq \operatorname {deg} (f_{1})+\cdots +\operatorname {deg} (f_{d})}\subseteq {\left(f_{1},\ldots ,f_{d}\right)}^{*}\,.$
# Cold War II

Cold War II (also called the New Cold War, Second Cold War and Cold War 2.0) refers to a renewed state of political and military tension between opposing geopolitical power-blocs, with one bloc typically reported as being led by Russia and/or China, and the other led by the United States, European Union and NATO. This is akin to the original Cold War that saw a global confrontation between the Western Bloc led by the United States and the Eastern Bloc led by the Soviet Union, Russia's predecessor state. American political scientist Robert Legvold posits that the "new Cold War began the moment we went over the cliff, and that happened with the Ukraine crisis." Others, such as Andrew C. Kuchins in 2016, believe that the term is "unsuited to the present conflict," though Kuchins argues it may be more dangerous. Philip N. Howard believes that the conflict is experienced through information warfare conducted primarily over and through broadcast media, social media, and information infrastructure.

## Discussion questions

* If there is a Cold War II, what sort of actions could lead to an ending of Cold War II?
* If there is a Cold War II, what benefits are provided to each side for the continuance of Cold War II?
* If there is a Cold War II, what could a warming of relations in Cold War II look like?
* If there is a Cold War II, which primary parties are involved?

## Resources

Anyone here can create many subpages of this page. Special:Prefixindex/Cold War II/

## See Also

* Wikipedia: Cold War
* Wikipedia: Cold War II
# CDIO

The CDIO Initiative (CDIO is a trademarked initialism for Conceive — Design — Implement — Operate) is an innovative educational framework for producing the next generation of engineers. The framework provides students with an education stressing engineering fundamentals set in the context of Conceiving — Designing — Implementing — Operating real-world systems and products.

## Projects

Special:Prefixindex/CDIO/
# CDIO/Maze/CDIO
## Materials

Took remote Hitec apart and checked if it works, remote is fine, receiver for remote was found.
Remote is missing:
* Micro switch harness,
* AAA receiver battery box,
* rx nicad

## Next Steps

Get in contact with airplane model-maker who knows a lot about RC and decide if it is possible to work with available material and possibilities of ordering new pieces for the RC, or if the best choice is to buy a new RC. If to buy a new RC is the best option, find one on the internet that will be good enough and not too expensive and send link to instructor to order as soon as possible.
# CDIO/Joystick
## Problem statement

Making the joystick move by it self by making a program for the arduino and then put it on the wheel chair. I need to get it to work on the wheel chair afterword.

## Design

Working on reverse engineering the joystick and looking at the circuits and the wires. Trying to figure out which ones will be attached to the arduino. Will upload pictures later on. Have been working on codes for the arduino. Made a basic blink program to keep the led light to blink in certain patterns. Will upload the video of the blink program.
* Arduino working with all lights on
* Showing how the arduino is connected and powered
* The complete joystick
* First part of taking apart the joy stick
* Joystick fully disassembled
# Bloom Clock/Keys/New Hampshire/August/Maintenance

This page is used to track missing identification data for plants blooming in August in New Hampshire.

## Leaf Arrangement

DynamicPageList tracking using:
The pages below do not have leaf arrangement defined:
* BCP/Mollugo verticillata
* BCP/Prenanthes
* BCP/Hypericum perforatum
* BCP/Monotropa uniflora
* BCP/Sagittaria latifolia
* BCP/Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium
* BCP/Spiraea alba
* BCP/Silene latifolia
* BCP/Aralia hispida
* BCP/Rumex crispus
* BCP/Trifolium aureum
* BCP/Nymphoides cordata
* BCP/Cicuta maculata
* BCP/Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
* BCP/Sagittaria graminea
* BCP/Eriocaulon aquaticum
* BCP/Calystegia sepium
* BCP/Nuttallanthus canadensis
* BCP/Mimulus ringens
* BCP/Amorpha fruticosa
* BCP/Oenothera biennis
* BCP/Potentilla norvegica
* BCP/Apios americana

## Leaf Complexity

DynamicPageList tracking using:
The pages below do not have leaf complexity defined.
* BCP/Mollugo verticillata
* BCP/Prenanthes
* BCP/Prunella vulgaris
* BCP/Hypericum perforatum
* BCP/Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium
* BCP/Spiraea alba
* BCP/Silene dioica × S. latifolia
* BCP/Silene latifolia
* BCP/Rumex crispus
* BCP/Eriocaulon aquaticum
* BCP/Nuttallanthus canadensis
* BCP/Calystegia sepium
* BCP/Mimulus ringens
* BCP/Oenothera biennis

## Using old templates

No pages meet these criteria.
# Bloom Clock/Keys/New Hampshire/December
## December

* All Flowers blooming in December (category list)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/New Hampshire/February
## February

* All Flowers blooming in February (category list)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/New Hampshire/April
## April

* All Flowers blooming in April (category list)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/New Hampshire/August/All/DPL

This list is used to create a visual key.
* BCP/Monarda didyma
* BCP/Lobelia siphilitica
* BCP/Ambrosia artemisiifolia
* BCP/Solidago
* BCP/Lythrum salicaria
* BCP/Aster divaricatus
* BCP/Arctium lappa
* BCP/Conyza canadensis
* BCP/Cucurbita maxima
* BCP/Mollugo verticillata
* BCP/Oxalis corniculata
* BCP/Polygonum sagittatum
* BCP/Verbena urticifolia
* BCP/Fallopia japonica
* BCP/Prenanthes
* BCP/Solanum dulcamara
* BCP/Oxalis stricta
* BCP/Linaria vulgaris
* BCP/Erigeron annuus
* BCP/Eupatorium purpureum
* BCP/Leucanthemum vulgare
* BCP/Saponaria officinalis
* BCP/Taraxacum officinale
* BCP/Chelidonium majus
* BCP/Achillea millefolium
* BCP/Vicia cracca
* BCP/Hosta
* BCP/Verbascum thapsus
* BCP/Trifolium arvense
* BCP/Daucus carota
* BCP/Eupatorium perfoliatum
* BCP/Prunella vulgaris
* BCP/Aster novae-angliae
* BCP/Hypericum perforatum
* BCP/Monotropa uniflora
* BCP/Hydrangea quercifolia
* BCP/Hydrangea macrophylla
* BCP/Trifolium repens
* BCP/Trifolium pratense
* BCP/Matricaria discoidea
* BCP/Spiraea japonica
* BCP/Viola tricolor
* BCP/Phytolacca americana
* BCP/Dianthus deltoides
* BCP/Securigera varia
* BCP/Impatiens capensis
* BCP/Cirsium vulgare
* BCP/Dianthus armeria
* BCP/Lobelia cardinalis
* BCP/Hemerocallis
* BCP/Plantago lanceolata
* BCP/Lysimachia quadrifolia
* BCP/Acalypha rhomboidea
* BCP/Sagittaria latifolia
* BCP/Solidago canadensis
* BCP/Oenothera
* BCP/Melilotus alba
* BCP/Lotus corniculatus
* BCP/Chenopodium album
* BCP/Silene vulgaris
* BCP/Nuphar variegata
* BCP/Gaultheria procumbens
* BCP/Pseudognaphalium obtusifolium
* BCP/Polygonum pensylvanicum
* BCP/Chelone glabra
* BCP/Galium triflorum
* BCP/Campanula rapunculoides
* BCP/Rosa
* BCP/Solanum americanum
* BCP/Berteroa incana
* BCP/Spiraea alba
* BCP/Silene dioica × S. latifolia
* BCP/Lepidium virginicum
* BCP/Silene latifolia
* BCP/Hieracium pratense
* BCP/Spergularia
* BCP/Rumex crispus
* BCP/Aralia hispida
* BCP/Potentilla arguta
* BCP/Lysimachia ciliata
* BCP/Trifolium aureum
* BCP/Pontederia cordata
* BCP/Cicuta maculata
* BCP/Nymphaea odorata
* BCP/Nymphoides cordata
* BCP/Eriocaulon aquaticum
* BCP/Lysimachia terrestris
* BCP/Calystegia sepium
* BCP/Melampyrum lineare
* BCP/Dalibarda repens
* BCP/Sagittaria graminea
* BCP/Nuttallanthus canadensis
* BCP/Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani
* BCP/Triadenum virginicum
* BCP/Mimulus ringens
* BCP/Lobelia dortmanna
* BCP/Mentha arvensis
* BCP/Amorpha fruticosa
* BCP/Amphicarpaea bracteata
* BCP/Potentilla norvegica
* BCP/Leontodon autumnalis
* BCP/Hypericum mutilum
* BCP/Lespedeza capitata
* BCP/Oenothera biennis
* BCP/Cornus sericea
* BCP/Apios americana
* BCP/Helianthus divaricatus
* BCP/Trichostema dichotomum
# Bloom Clock/Keys/New Hampshire/Global Comparison Worksheet

This page is used to compare monthly data to the Global temperate seasons.

## Results

* January ~ (none)
* February ~ (none)
* March ~ (none)
* April ~ best match late winter
* May ~ best match early spring
* June ~ (none)
* July ~ no definitive results: data set may be too small, best correlations to Mid summer and Late summer (6/2/4 and 6/2/4)
* August ~ best match to Mid summer and Late summer (23/5/10 and 23/5/10)
* September ~ best match to midsummer (20/5/7)
* October ~ best matches to late summer and early fall (equal value 24/9/9)
* November ~ no definitive results: data set may be too small, best matches to late summer and early fall (equal value 12/3/5)
* December ~ (none)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/New Hampshire

The pages linked below are "keys" for flowers that have been logged as blooming New Hampshire during a particular month.

## January

* All Flowers blooming in January (category list)

## February

* All Flowers blooming in February (category list)

## March

* All Flowers blooming in March (category list)

## April

* All Flowers blooming in April (category list)

## May

* All Flowers blooming in May (category list)

## June

* All Flowers blooming in June (category list)

## July

* All Flowers blooming in July(category list)
* White flowers (46)
* Pink flowers
* Red flowers
* Orange flowers
* Yellow flowers
* Green flowers
* Blue flowers
* Purple flowers
* Brown flowers
* Black flowers

## August

* All plants recorded blooming in August in New Hampshire

## September

* All plants recorded blooming in September in New Hampshire

## October

All plants recorded blooming in October in New Hampshire (41)
* White Flowers (23)
* Pink Flowers (10)
* Red Flowers (5)
* Purple Flowers (13)
* Blue Flowers (3)
* Green Flowers (2)
* Yellow Flowers (12)
* Orange Flowers (5)
* Brown Flowers (1)
* Black Flowers (1)

## November

* All plants recorded blooming in November in New Hampshire

## December

* All Flowers blooming in December (category list)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/New Hampshire/August
## August

* All plants recorded blooming in August in New Hampshire
# Cloud9 IDE/JavaScript

Cloud9 may be used for JavaScript development, but by default the runner for JavaScript is Node.js.
To add a new runner for JavaScript files, use the following configuration. Save the new runner as JavaScript (Rhino).run.

## See Also

* Mozilla: Rhino Shell
* Cloud9: Custom Runners
# Closed interval/Continuous image is not/Exercise

Show that the image of a closed interval under a continuous function is not necessarily closed.
# Cloud9 IDE/C Sharp

Cloud9 may be for C# development, but by default the Mono C# development environment is not installed. This is indicated by the following error when running a .cs file:
    bash: line 1: ...: No such file or directory
To install Mono and the C# compiler on Cloud9, enter the following commands at the bash prompt. If you don't see a bash prompt, open a New Terminal window.
Then add a new runner for C# files with the following configuration. Save the new runner as C#.run:

## See Also

* Cloud9: Mono C No Longer Supported In Cloud9
* StackOverflow: Does Cloud9 Support .NET
* Cloud9: Custom Runners
# Cloud9 IDE/C++

Cloud9 may be used for C++ development, but by default the runner for C++ doesn't support spaces in folder or file names.
To add a new runner for C++ files, use the following configuration. Save the new runner as C++.run.

## See Also

* Cloud9: Custom Runners
# Cloud9 IDE/Java

Cloud9 may be used for Java development, but by default the Java Development Kit (JDK) is not installed. This is indicated by the following error when running a .java file:
    bash: line 3: javac: command not found
To install the Java Development Kit on Cloud9, enter the following commands at the bash prompt. If you don't see a bash prompt, open a New Terminal window.

## See Also

* Digital Ocean: How to install Java on Ubuntu with apt-get
# Cloud9 IDE

Cloud9 was an online integrated development environment, published as open source from version 3.0. It supported hundreds of programming languages, and enabled developers to start coding immediately with pre-configured workspaces. Cloud9 also supported collaborative coding features, live preview, and browser compatibility testing.
Cloud9 was acquired by Amazon in July 2016. On April 2 2019, Cloud9 announced that users would not be able to create new and use old workspaces on c9.io after June 30, 2019. All current development should refer instead to Amazon Cloud9. The following resources refer to the original c9.io and may be outdated.

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Cloud9 IDE

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Getting Started with Cloud9 IDE
* YouTube: Python for beginnerss Zero to Hero Using Cloud9
* YouTube: Cloud9 and Github Integration
* YouTube: Bitbucket Open in Cloud9

## Activities

* Create a Cloud9 workspace.
** Review Cloud9: Getting Started with Cloud9.
** Log in or sign up for Cloud9, or sign in using your existing GitHub or Bitbucket account.
** Create a new Cloud9 workspace using the template of your choice.
** View the README.md file included with the template.
** Run the example file or project included with the template.
* Use GitHub or Bitbucket with Cloud9.
** Review Cloud9: GitHub and Bitbucket Workspaces.
** Either connect your GitHub or Bitbucket account to your Cloud9 account, or log into Cloud9 using your GitHub or Bitbucket account.
** Clone a repository from your GitHub or Bitbucket account into Cloud9, creating a new workspace.
** Add folders and files to your Cloud9 project.
** In the Cloud9 bash prompt (or a New Terminal window), use the following git commands to add files and changes to the local repository and then push the changes back to GitHub or Bitbucket. Note: git status is optional, and only for reference to see the changes in status between git commands. git status git add . git status git commit -m "commit message" git status git push git status
** Log into your GitHub or Bitbucket account and verify that the code changes were replicated to your repository.
** Continue adding and updating files in your Cloud9 project. When you are ready to save your changes to GitHub or Bitbucket, repeat the git commands. git add . git commit -m "commit message" git push
** When your GitHub or Bitbucket repository is updated outside Cloud9 and you want to pull those changes into Cloud9, use the following command: git pull
* If desired, add additional language support to your Cloud9 workspace:
** BASIC
** C++
** C#
** Java
** JavaScript
** Lua
** Perl
** Python
** Swift
# Cloud9 IDE/BASIC

Cloud9 may be used for BASIC development, but by default a BASIC compiler is not installed. This is indicated by the following error when running a .bas file:
    bash: line 1: ...: No such file or directory
To install the FreeBASIC compiler on Cloud9, enter the following commands at the bash prompt. If you don't see a bash prompt, open a New Terminal window.
Then add a new runner for BASIC files with the following configuration. Save the new runner as BASIC (QB).run.

## See Also

* FreeBASIC: Home Page
* Cloud9: Custom Runners
# Cloud9 IDE/Lua

Cloud9 may be used for Lua development, but by default the Lua development environment is not installed. This is indicated by the following error when running a .lua file:
    bash: line 1: ...lua: No such file or directory
To install the Lua development environment on Cloud9, enter the following commands at the bash prompt. If you don't see a bash prompt, open a New Terminal window.
To add a new runner for Lua files, use the following configuration. Save the new runner as Lua.run.

## See Also

* Cloud9: Custom Runners
# Cloud9 IDE/Perl

Cloud9 may be for Perl development, but by default there is no runner for Perl scripts. This is indicated by the following error when running a .pl file:
    bash: line 1: ...: No such file or directory
To add a new runner for Perl files, use the following configuration. Save the new runner as Perl.run.

## See Also

* Cloud9: Custom Runners
# Close-to-Homeoffice

Homeoffice reduces the time to commute from and to your office and could save also office space for companies, so that they do use less office space for more staff member due to the fact that office space large cities could be quite expensive. Adding sustainability view to this also addresses the carbon footprint of economic activities which is related to Climate change.
Homeoffice has also some drawbacks which become most evident during COVID-19 pandemics. Dealing with the demands of children (homeschooling) and with tasks to be done for the company people work for can be very inefficient and stressful e.g. for parents in homeoffice. Close-to-homeoffice is an intermediate approach between
* Office and
* Homeoffice.
The approach describe here tries to combine those benefits and derives some consequences for implementation as learning resource.

## History of Learning Resource

Close-to-Homeoffice is title for a learning resource in Wikiversity that decribes a workflow transformation during COVID-19 pandemics.

## Basic Principles

* Reducing carbon footprint and the costs of travelling between home and office by provide office space close to home.
* Use Collaborative enterprising model share these local and regional office space demand driven.

## Learning Tasks

* Analyse which companies in your town or region would benefit of such a Close-to-homeoffice concept?
* Analyse the benefits and drawbacks for parents being close to home or close to grandparents in case they need help or support?
* Analyse the benefits and drawbacks for companies that depend on face-to-face collaboration?
* When is physical attendance necessary and when can physical attendance replace be Video conferencing or e.g. by Telemedicine?
* What are the benefits and drawbacks for the application during a time span when epidemiological constraints must be applied?
* Analyse the concept of Local and Regional Meeting Points applied during a virtual conference and identified common approaches and differences!.
# English-Chinese/When the family having a dinner on the same table

When the family having a dinner on the same table, the food is not important but the time spent with the family members is essential. Many concepts and values ​​are passed to next generation in every dinner, until a son becomes a father and a father becomes a grandfather. The time passes quickly and won't come back again.
当 家人 在 同 一张 桌子 上 吃饭 时，食物 并不重要，但 与 家人 一起 度过 的 时间 至关重要。在 每次 吃饭中，许多 概念 和 价值观 都会 传给 下一代，直到 儿子 成为 父亲，父亲 成为 祖父。时间 过得 很快，不会 再回来。
# English-Chinese/When the final whistle blew, Arsenal had won the game 2 -- 0

When the final whistle blew, Arsenal had won the game 2 -- 0.
当终场哨声响起时，Arsenal以2比0赢了比赛。
# English-Chinese/When the heart valves do not work normally, the heart muscle has to do extra work and it can become tired

When the heart valves do not work normally, the heart muscle has to do extra work and it can become tired.
当心脏瓣膜不能正常工作时，心肌必须做额外的工作，它会变得疲倦。
# English-Chinese/When you run, your heart works harder pumping blood up and down your body

When you run, your heart works harder pumping blood up and down your body.
跑步时，心脏更努力将血液输送到身体。
# English-Chinese/When your heart beats, it transports blood through the arteries to other parts of the body

When your heart beats, it transports blood through the arteries to other parts of the body.
当你的心跳时，它会通过动脉将血液输送到身体的其他部位。
# English-Chinese/When the course of depressive episodes follows a seasonal pattern, the disorder (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, etc.) may be described as a seasonal affective disorder

When the course of depressive episodes follows a seasonal pattern, the disorder (major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, etc.) may be described as a seasonal affective disorder.
当抑郁发作的过程遵循季节性模式时，该病症（重度抑郁症，双相情感障碍等）可被描述为季节性情感障碍。
# English-Chinese/When the symptoms of food allergies are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis

When the symptoms of food allergies are severe, it is known as anaphylaxis.
当食物过敏的症状严重时，被称为超敏反应。
# English-Chinese/When we were on the boat, we got wet

When we were on the boat, we got wet.
当我们在船上时，我们弄湿了。
# English-Chinese/When the use of seed drills replaced broadcasting sowing of seed in the 18th century, another great increase in productivity occurred

When the use of seed drills replaced broadcasting sowing of seed in the 18th century, another great increase in productivity occurred.
当播种机的使用取代了18世纪的撒播时，生产力再次大幅提高。
# English-Chinese/When vegetables are included in the diet, the incidence of cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases is found to be reduced

When vegetables are included in the diet, the incidence of cancer, stroke, cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases is found to be reduced.
当 饮食 中 包含 蔬菜 时，发现 癌症，中风，心血管 疾病 和 其他 慢性 疾病 的 发病率 降低。