OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Focus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FOCUS (ἑστία, ἐσχάρα). A fire-place; the hearth of a house. (Cic. Sen. 16. Hor. Od. i. 9. 5. Tibull. i. 1. 6.) Amongst the Romans, the hearth was consecrated to the Lares, and held as a sacred spot in the house; consequently, it was situated in the public hall, or atrium, where the altar of the household gods also stood (see ARA, 5.): hence the frequent juxtaposition of the words pro aris et focis in solemn adjurations. It consisted of a square platform of stone or bricks, raised a few inches only from the ground, as is manifested by numerous instances still visible at Pompeii; upon this the fire was kindled with logs of wood resting upon andirons (varae), but in most cases without any flue or chimney to carry off the smoke.
2. Same as FOCULUS, 1. The hollow part at the top of an altar, for burnt-offerings, in which the fire was kindled; thence, the altar itself. Ov. A. A. i. 637. Tibull. i. 8. 70.
3. Focus turicremis. A brazier or fire-pan, made of metal and furnished with handles for the convenience of transport from place to place, and placed upon solemn occasions before the altar or statue of a divinity, to serve the purpose of a censer for burning pastiles of frankincense. (Ov. Her. ii. 18. Marini, Fr. Arv. p. 311.) The illustration (Focus/1.1), from an ancient Roman fresco, exhibits a female with a dish of pastiles in her left hand, and the focus turicremis burning on the ground beside her, into which she drops them one by one.
4. A sort of hot plate, invented by the luxurious Romans for the purpose of having their soups and ragouts thoroughly hot when brought to table. It was made of metal, and contained a fire of kindled charcoal, as well as the dish or vessel with the viands ready cooked, all of which were thus carried up at once from the kitchen to the dining-room, which Seneca expresses by saying the kitchen accompanies the meal — culina coenam prosequitur. (Senec. Ep. 78.) The illustration (Focus/4.1) represents an utensil of this kind, from an original in bronze found at Pompeii, with a section of the inside, and a drawing of the pan which contained the viands, placed between them. The charcoal was inserted and replenished through the small door at the bottom; the smoke escaped through two apertures at the sides, each ornamented by a lion's head; the handles at the top served to carry it; and the pan was let in at the top, where it was supported over the fire by the rim round its surface.
* Focus/1.1
* Focus/4.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fodina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FODI'NA (μέταλλον). A mine from which minerals, &c. are dug; each particular mine being marked by a distinguishing epithet; as, auri fodina, a gold mine; argenti fodina, a silver mine; which are also frequently written as one word. Ulp. Dig. 27. 9. 3. Vitruv. Plin.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Foeniseca

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FOENIS'ECA, FOENISEC'TOR, FOENISEX'. A mower of grass with a scythe, as contradistinguished from a reaper of corn with a sickle. Columell, ii. 18. 5. Id. xi. 1. 12. Varro, R. R. i. 49. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Folliculare

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FOLLICULA'RE (ἄσκωμα). The shaft of an oar at the point where it protrudes from the oar port, which was encircled by a leather cap or bag (folliculus), to ease the wear and tear of the oar, and prevent the water in heavy seas from entering the vessel through the port. Both the form and situation of this cap are clearly shown by the illustration (Folliculare/1.1), which represents several oars furnished with the guard described, as they are seen on the side of a vessel in a bas-relief of the Villa Albani.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Folliculus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FOLLIC'ULUS. Diminutive of FOLLIS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Follis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FOLLIS. A ball inflated with air, and of large dimensions, which, from its lightness, was peculiarly adapted for the amusement of very young or old people, as affording exercise without violent exertion. (Mart. xiv. 47.) The annexed illustration (Follis/1.1) is from the device on a coin of Gordian iii., as published by Mercuriali (Gymn. p. 126.); and resembles, both in the size of the inflated bladder, and the manner in which it is employed, an amusement still common in Italy, known as the game of the big ball (il giuco del pallone), at which the players have their right arms, from the elbow to the wrist, covered with a guard like that exhibited in the engraving; with this they strike the ball, which another person delivers to them, as the bowler does at cricket.
2. A cushion or mattress inflated with air, instead of stuffed with feathers, which latter was considered more luxurious. Lamprid. Elag. 25.
3. A large leather bag for holding money (Juv. xiv. 281.); especially used in the army as a military chest for keeping the soldiers’ pay. Veg. Mil. ii. 20.
4. (φύσα). A pair of bellows; consisting of two boards, with an air-valve (parma), united by a skin of ox or cow hide, so as to form a machine similar to what we now use, as shown by the annexed figure (Follis/4.1), from a terra-cotta lamp, in the collection of Licetus (Lucern., vi. 24. 2.), Cic. N. D. i. 20. Pers. v. 11. Bellows, also made of goat's skin (folles hircini), are mentioned by Horace (Sat. i. 4. 19.); and of bull's hide (folles taurini) by Virgil (Georg. iv. 171.); but this latter is only to be taken as a poetical expression, or was written in ignorance of a well known fact, that bull’s leather is unfit for making bellows. Beckman, Hist. of Inventions, vol. 1. p. 64. London, 1846.
5. Follis fabrilis. A blacksmith’s bellows (Liv. xxxviii. 7.) of large dimensions, such as employed in our forges; of which an instance is afforded by the engraving s. FERRARIUS.
* Follis/1.1
* Follis/4.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Forceps

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORCEPS (πυράγρα). A pair of tongs, such as were used by smiths for taking the heated metal out of the fire, and holding it upon the anvil, whilst being worked. (Isidor. Orig. xix. 7. 3. Ov. Met. xii. 277. Virg. Aen. viii. 453.) The example (Forceps/1.1) represents a pair of Vulcan’s tongs, from a marble bas-relief. Compare illustrations s. MARCUS and MARCULUS.
2. (ῥιζάγρα). A particular kind of dentist’s instrument, in the form of pincers, employed for extracting the roots of decayed teeth (Celsus, vii. 12. 1.); a purpose which medical men have assigned to the instrument here figured (Forceps/2.1), from an original discovered, amongst other surgical instruments, in a house at Pompeii, and for which it seems well adapted.
3. (ὀδοντάγρα). A pair of pincers for drawing teeth (Celsus, vii. 12. 1.), which were constructed with bent claws (uncis). Lucil. Sat. xix. 11. Gerlach.
4. (ἀρδιοθήρα) Serv. ad. Virg. Aen. xii. 404.) A pair of pincers expressly constructed for the purpose of extracting spear or arrow heads from wounds. Virg. and Serv. l. c.
5. In military language; same as FORFEX, 3. Cato, ap. Fest. s. Serra.
* Forceps/1.1
* Forceps/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Forfex

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORFEX (ψαλίς, μάχαιρα διπλῆ, Pollux. ii. 32.) A pair of scissors, clippers, or shears, employed for snipping (Columell. xii. 44. 4.), clipping the hair or beard (Mart. vii. 95.), shearing sheep (Calpurn. Ecl. v. 74.), and other similar purposes. The example (Forceps/5.1) represents a pair of sheep shears, as seen over the figure of a ram in an engraved gem; and the wood-cut at p. 208 shows an instrument of exactly the same form, used as a pair of scissors by a party of garland makers. The form of the instrument, moreover, which is round at the bottom, as Galen describes the Greek ψαλίς, not only identifies that word with the Latin forfex, but also accounts for the secondary meanings which it bore; viz. a vault, an absis, and an arched aqueduct.
2. A pair of shears for raising weights. Vitruv. x. 2. 2.
3. In military language, a tenaille, or body of troops disposed in the form of the letter V, to receive the attack of another advancing in the shape of a wedge (cuneus), which it admitted within its position, and then closed upon its flanks. Veg. Mil. iii. 18. Gell. x. 9.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Forficula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORFIC'ULA (ψαλίδιον). Diminutive of FORFEX. Plin. H. N. xxv. 23.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Foricarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORICA'RIUS. The lessee of a FORICA. Paul. Dig. 22. 1. 17. § 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Forica

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FOR'ICA. A set of public privies, like the cabinets d'aisance of Paris, distributed in various parts of the city for the convenience of the population. A small fee charged for the accommodation, together with the profits arising from the sale of the contents, induced individuals to take such premises on lease, as a means of gaining a livelihood. Juv. iii. 38. Ruperti ad l.; but compare Furnaletti, Lex. Facciolat. s. v.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Foricula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORIC'ULA. Diminutive of FORIS; a window-shutter. (Varro, R. R. i. 59. 1.) See the illustration s. FENESTELLA, which shows a shallow recess on the outside of the wall, to receive a wooden shutter when it was pushed back from the window.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Foris

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORIS (σανίς, κλισιάς, θύρετρον). The door itself, as distinct from the doorcase (Liv. vi. 34. Cic. Verr. ii. 1. 26. Plaut. Curc. i. 3. 1.); and especially of one which opened outwards. (Serv. Aen. i. 449.) The doors of the ancients were generally made in two leaves, like our folding-doors (illustration s. JANUA); consequently, the word foris is mostly used in the plural; but when it occurs in the singular, we are to understand that one only of the leaves is meant (Ov. Her. xii. 150.), or that the door consisted of a single leaf, which the ancients sometimes used in the interior of their houses, as shown by the illustration (Foris/1.1), from the Vatican Virgil.
2. Fores carceris. The doors which closed the front of a stall in the circus, in which the horses and chariots were stationed before they started for the race, as shown by the annexed wood-cut (Foris/2.1), from a bas-relief in the British Museum. Ov. Trist. v. 9. 29.
* Foris/1.1
* Foris/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fori

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORI. Plural of FORUS. The ship’s floors (Latin and Anglo-Saxon Glossary of the 10th century). This includes the flooring of the deck (Gell. xvi. 19. 3.); the gangways by which the mariners passed about the vessel (Cic. Sen. 6. Lucan. iii. 630.), those between the rowers' benches (Virg. Aen. vi. 412.), and perhaps the benches themselves. Isidor. Orig. xix. 2.
2. The standing-places on a temporary platform erected for the accommodation of spectators at a public show. Liv. i. 35. Festus, s. Forum.
3. The floors, one above the other, by which the Roman agriculturists sometimes divided their beehives (Virg. G. iv. 250.) into a number of separate stories; as shown by the annexed example (Fori/1.1), from an original of bronze discovered at Pompeii. The left-hand figure shows the outside; the right-hand one, a section of the inside divided into stories; and the top one the moveable lid with its handle.
4. Narrow furrows in a field or garden formed into parallel lines by the hoe. Columell. x. 92. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Formaceus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORMA'CEUS. See PARIES.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Forma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORMA (τύπος). A model, mould, or form, by which other things of a plastic, fusible, or ductile nature are made to assume any shape required; as —
1. A mould for taking terra-cotta casts. These were made of stone, with the design engraved upon them in intaglio, into which the wet clay was pressed, and then put into an oven to be baked in its mould. The illustration (Forma/1.1) shows an original mould on the right hand, found at Ardea, with the cast from it (ectypus) on the left.
2. (χόανος). A mould for fusible metals, casts in bronze (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 49.), coins (Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 39.), and similar objects, also made of stone, sufficiently hard to resist the molten heat; or of baked earth; of which material the annexed example (Forma/2.1) is composed, representing an original mould for coins, with a specimen of the money upon a rather larger scale by the side. A number of models, with a reverse of the device engraved on both sides, are arranged in the case, at a distance from one another corresponding with the exact thickness of the intended coin; the liquid metal was poured into the groove at the side, from which it flowed through the holes there seen, and produced a perfect coin between each layer of the types.
3. A mould for making bricks. Pallad. vi. 12.
4. A mould in which cream cheeses were pressed, made of box-wood (Columell. vii. 8. 7.); also designated by the diminutive Formula. Pallad. vi. 9. 2.
5. (καλάπους). A. shoemaker's last; made of wood, like our own, and with a handle to it, as shown by the annexed example (Forma/5.1) from a painting of Herculaneum, representing two genii as shoemakers engaged at their trade. Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 106. Ulp. Dig. 9. 2. 5. § 3.
6. The water-way, or channel of an aqueduct, or that part of it which is conducted underground, instead of being raised upon arches (Frontin. Aq. 75. 126.) and which are consequently embedded in earth, like a cast in its mould.
* Forma/1.1
* Forma/2.1
* Forma/5.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Formella

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORMEL'LA. Diminutive of FORMA. Either a small mould for giving an artificial and fanciful form to fish when dressed up for dinner, or probably a mould in the shape of a fish, like the annexed specimen (Formella/1.1), from an original found in Pompeii. Apic. ix. 13.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Formido

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORMI'DO. A sort of scarecrow, employed by huntsmen for the purpose of driving their prey in a particular direction, to where the toils were laid. It consisted of a long line stretched across any given district, to which a number of feathers of different colours were attached; and as these fluttered in the wind, they frightened the animals, and deterred them from retreating towards the site where the scarecrow was exhibited. (Grat. 85. 88. Nemes. 304. Virg. Aen. xii. 750. Senec. Ira. ii. 12.) Hence the allusion of Horace (Sat. i. 8. 3.), when he terms Priapus the terror of thieves — furum formido.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Formula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FOR'MULA. Diminutive of FORMA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fornacarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORNACA'RIUS, FORNACA'TOR, FURNACA'TOR. The slave who attended an oven, or a furnace at the baths. Ulp. Dig. 9. 2. 27. Paul. Dig. 33. 7. 14. Inscript. in the baths at Pompeii.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fornacula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORNAC'ULA. Diminutive of FORNAX. A small furnace for smelting metals (Juv. x. 82.); or for heating, boiling, or melting anything of a liquid or fusible nature. The illustration (Fornacula/1.1) represents an ancient Roman fornacula in elevation, like one of our coppers, from an excavation near Wansford in Northamptonshire, and was intended for making the glaze employed in a neighbouring pottery, to varnish over the outsides of the earthenware vessels there made. The small cut (Fornacula/1.2), let into the text, presents a transverse section of the copper and furnace, and shows how they were constructed.
2. Fornaculae balnearum. The furnace and flues employed for heating the thermal chamber in a set of baths (Fronton. ad M. Caes. 1. Ep. 2.), which are plainly shown in the annexed engraving (Fornacula/2.1), representing the section of a bath-room excavated at Tusculum; the furnace is seen on the left, with the boilers over it, and the flues extending under the whole flooring of the room towards the right.
* Fornacula/1.1
* Fornacula/1.2
* Fornacula/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fornax

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORNAX (κάμινος). An oven or kiln for baking pottery. (Cic. N. D. i. 37.) The illustration (Fornax/1.1) shows the remains of a Roman pottery kiln, discovered near Castor in Northamptonshire. The low door in front is the entrance to the furnace (praefurnium); the circular building at the back, the kiln in which the vessels were baked upon a floor suspended over the furnace. The floor still remains entire, as shown by the elevation; but the manner in which it was supported by a central pillar, the locality of the furnace, the situation of the vessels, and the vaulting which covered-in the oven, will be better understood by the annexed section (Fornax/1.2) of the structure, in which all these particulars are visible; and nothing is added but some vases and a dotted line to complete the original form of the kiln.
2. Fornax aeraria. A smelting furnace (Plin. H. N. xi. 42. Virg. Aen. vii. 636.); of which an example is given at p. 104. s. CAMINUS.
3. Fornax calcaria. A lime kiln (Cato, R. R. xxxviii. 4.); constructed in the following manner: — An excavation was made in the earth of sufficient depth to form a spacious vault (fornix) for the furnace, and provided with an entrance mouth (praefurnium), both in front and rear; the former for introducing the fuel, the latter for removing the embers. The gulley or shafts (fauces) which formed the approaches to the mouths of the furnace, were sunk in a perpendicular direction, in order to screen the furnace and its apertures from currents of wind. The part of the kiln above ground (summa fornax) was then built up with bricks or rough stones (caementa), coated with clay to confine the heat, and of a concial form, six feet wide at bottom, converging to three at the top, where it ended in a circular aperture or chimney (orbis summus).
4. Fornax balinei. (Labeo. Dig. 19. 2. 58.) The furnace of a bath. See FORNACULA, 2.
* Fornax/1.1
* Fornax/1.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fornicatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FORNICA'TUS. See PARIES.