OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pultarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PULTA'RIUS. Properly a vessel in which pottage (puls) was served up. It was made in the form of an inverted funnel (Pallad. vi. 7. 2. Compare Columell. ix. 15. 5.), with a broad bottom and narrow mouth, which may be easily conceived in the absence of any authentic specimen; and was likewise employed for other purposes to which such a figure adapted itself, as a cupping-glass (Celsus, ii. 11.), and a vessel for drinking out of. (Plin. H. N. vii. 54. Pet. Sat. 42. 2.)
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pulvillus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PULVIL'LUS. Diminutive of PULVINUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pulvinarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PULVINA'RIUM. The place in a temple where the couches of the deities were set out at the feast of the Lectisternium. Liv. xxi. 62.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pulvinar

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PULVI'NAR or POLVI'NAR. May be translated by our terms pillow, bolster, cushion, as best suits the purpose for which it is applied. But the term conveys a notion of greatness and grandeur, and is to be understood, when strictly used, as indicating a cushion of large size and costly materials, such as would be used for beds and couches on which the body reclines, rather than for chairs and seats, or for a sitting posture. Pet. Sat. 135. 5. Senec. Ira, iii. 37. And woodcuts. pp. 374. 375.
2. Hence the word is principally used to designate the splendid couches with cushions and squabs, upon which the images of the gods were laid at the feast of the Lectisternium, to partake, as it were, of the banquet spread before them (Cic. Phil. ii. 43. Id. Dom. 53. Liv. xxx. 21.); as exhibited by the annexed woodcut (Pulvinar/1.1) from a terra cotta lamp.
3. In the circus, a spot where couches of the same description were laid out for those deities whose statues were carried in solemn procession at the Circensian festival. Festus s. Thensa. Suet. Aug. 45. Id. Cal. 4.
4. A bed of state, or marriage bed; but with especial reference to those of the divinities (Catull. lxiv. 47.), and of the Roman emperors, to whom divine honours were paid. Suet. Dom. 13. Juv. vi. 132.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pulvinatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PULVINA'TUS. Having a full or swelling contour, like a bolster or cushion; whence applied as a technical term by architects to the capitals of Ionic columns, the sides of which, formed by the lateral part of the volute, present a round or swelling shape, like a bolster as shown by the annexed example (Pulvinatus/1.1) from a capital belonging to the temple of Minerva Polias. Vitruv. i. 2. 6. Id. iii. 5. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pulvinus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PULVI'NUS. In its general applications has nearly the same meaning as Pulvinar, a pillow, cushion, or bolster; but, in strictness, of a smaller and less ostentatious character, and so more particularly descriptive of those which were used for sitting on (Cic. Or. i. 7. Id. Fam. ix. 18., and woodcut s. CATHEDRA), resting the head against, like the pillow of a bed (Sall. Jug. 74, and woodcut s. CERVICAL), or leaning upon, like the pillow on which a person supported his elbow on a triclinary couch (Nepos, Pel. 3. and woodcut s. CUBITAL), than of such as were intended for the reception of the body in a reclining posture.
2. In architecture, the bolster or baluster on the sides of an Ionic capital (Vitruv. iii. 5. 7.), which imitates the full and swelling outline of a stuffed cushion as shown by the preceding woodcut.
3. In a warm-water bath (alveus), the part immediately above the step (gradus) on which the bather sat, and which thus constituted as it were a cushion for his back to lean against (Vitruv. v. 10. 4.). The illustration (Pulvinus/3.1) represents a section of the warm bath in the thermal chamber at Pompeii, in which A is the bath itself, B the step on which the bather sat, and C the cushion or pulvinus for his back.
4. A ridge between two trenches in a field or garden (Plin. H. N. xvii. 35. § 4.); and a raised border or flower bed (Varro, R. R. i. 35. 1.); both from their resemblance to the upheaving form of a pillow or squab.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pumiliones

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUMILIO'NES, PUMILO'NES, PU'MILI. Senec. Ep. 76. Stat. Sylv. i. 6. 57. Suet. Aug. 83. Same as NANI, which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pupa

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUPA. In the primitive sense a little girl; thence a child's plaything, or doll (Varro, ap. Non. s. v. p. 156. Pers. ii. 70. Hieron. Epist. 128. n. 1). The illustration (Pupa/1.1) represents an original ivory doll discovered in a child's sepulchre near Rome; and another specimen of terra-cotta found in Sicily, and more elegant in design, is published by the Prince of Biscari, Degli antichi Ornamenti e Trastulli de' Bambini, tav. v.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Punctum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUNC'TUM. Any small hole made by piercing, or pricking; hence a vote or suffrage; because in early times, before the custom of voting by ballot had obtained, the poll clerk (rogator) held a list of the candidates inscribed upon a tablet covered with wax, and scored off each vote as it was announced, by making a puncture in the wax against the initials of the candidate whom the elector supported. Cic. Planc. 22. Id. Tusc. ii. 24.
2. One of the points or units upon a die (Mart. xiv. 17. Compare Suet. Nero, 30). The example (Punctum/2.1) is copied from an original die found at Herculaneum.
3. One of the fractional marks or points on the beam of a steel-yard (statera) by which the exact weight is indicated (Vitruv. x. 3. 4.). The example (Punctum/3.1) represents an original steel-yard found at Pompeii.
* Punctum/2.1
* Punctum/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Puppis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUPPIS (πρύμνα). The poop, stern, or after part of a ship. The works of art, hithero discovered, do not furnish us with any clear and satisfactory example of the precise manner in which the ancient ship-builders constructed the sterns of their vessels, beyond the fact that they are always represented round, and in many cases scarcely distinguishable from the prow (prora). Of such, numerous specimens are introduced in various parts of these pages; but the annexed example (Puppis/1.1), composed by the Academicians of the Royal Antiquarian Society at Naples (Academici Ercolanesi) from parts or indications observable in different ancient monuments, is introduced in order to give a more practical notion of the real appearance presented by the stern view of an ancient vessel, than what can be acquired from the conventional figures mostly exhibited by the artists of antiquity. If compared with the illustration s. PRORA, which shows a prow faithfully delineated from the antique, it will be at once seen how well the two would suit together, as the fore and after parts of the same vessel.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Puteal

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUT'EAL. A dwarf wall or circular shell of marble or other materials surrounding the mouth of a well (puteus) as a protection against the danger of falling in. Many of these have been found in excavations, and may be seen in the various collections of antiquities, oftentimes richly decorated with figures or other devices in relief (the putealia sigillata of Cic. Att. i. 10.); and the annexed woodcut (Puteal/1.1) shows one of the same description still covering the mouth of a well, as it now exists in the cloisters of the convent attached to the basilica of St. John in the Lateran at Rome.
2. When any spot was struck with lightning it was immediately deemed sacred, and venerated as such by the Romans, being surrounded by a shell of the same character and name as last described, in order to preserve it from the tread of profane feet (Cic. Sext. 8. Ov. R. Am. 561). Amongst these the puteal Libonis or Scribonianum in the Roman forum, was much celebrated, as the spot near which usurers met and money affairs were negotiated. It is represented by the annexed woodcut (Puteal/2.1) from a medal of the Scribonian gens, and has the inscription, PUTEAL LIBONIS, underneath.
* Puteal/1.1
* Puteal/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Puteus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUT'EUS and -UM (φρέαρ). A well; artificially dug in the ground, and supplied from its own spring of water, of which examples are given s. GIRGILLUS, and s. PUTEAL. Cic. Hor. Plin. &c.
2. A pit sunk in the earth for storing grain, as we do potatoes. Varro, R. R. i. 57. 2.
3. An air or vent hole in the water course of an aqueduct, of which a sufficient number were formed at regular intervals throughout its whole length. When the duct was a subterranean one, the vent holes were constructed like the shaft of a tunnel; when there were two or more separate courses of water conveyed by the same aqueduct, one over the other, the vent holes of the lower ones were formed at the sides of the channels, above the level of the flowing water; but when there was only a single course, the opening was made in the top, as exhibited by the annexed illustration (Puteus/3.1), representing a portion of the Alexandrian aqueduct at Rome, in which A shows the channel (specus), through which the water flows, and B the puteus or vent hole in question. Vitruv. vii. 8.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Puticuli

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUTIC'ULI or -LAE. Grave pits in which the bodies of slaves and people of the poorest classes, who could not afford the expense of a private tomb, or of a funeral pyre, were interred as in a public burial ground. Originally they were situated on the Esquiline hill, but were removed from that locality in the time of Augustus, out of regard for the healthiness of the district, the site being subsequently occupied by the palace and gardens of Mecaenas. Varro, L. L. v. 25. Festus, s. v. Compare Hor. Sat. i. 8. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pycnostylos

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PYCNOSTY'LOS (πυκνόστυλος). Pycnostyle; a term employed by the ancient architects to designate the closest of the five different kinds of intercolumniation in use amongst them, which only had an interval of one diameter and a half between each column, as shown by the top line in the annexed diagram (Pycnostylos/1.1), exhibiting at one view the relative proportions of all the five styles. It was only applied in the Ionic and Corinthian order Vitruv. iii. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pycta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PYC'TA or PYC'TES (πύκτης) (Phaedr. iv. 24. Senec. Contr. i. 3.) Merely a Greek word Latinized, for which the genuine Latin term is PUGIL; which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pyramis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PY'RAMIS (πυραμίς). A pyramid, a structure upon a square base, tapering gradually to a point at the top. The particular form, as well as the name, originated without doubt with the Egyptians; but for what precise object is still undetermined. It was, however, adopted by the Etruscans (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 19. § 4.) and the Romans, as an appropriate design for sepulchral monuments; all those which are mentioned by their writers having been constructed for that purpose, as well as the one now remaining at Rome, which is known as the pyramid of C. Cestius; and the one here introduced from an engraved gem (Pyramis/1.1), which is identified as a tomb by the accompanying figure of a gladiator, a class of whom, termed bustuarii, were engaged to fight round the burning pyre of distinguished persons.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pyra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PYR'A (πυρά). A funeral pyre; made of unhewn wood piled up into a square form, upon which the corpse was placed with its bier to be burnt. It was designated pyra, before the fire was applied, as in the annexed representation (Pyra/1.1) of Dido's pyre in the Vatican Virgil; but rogus when ignited. Virg. Aen. xi. 185. Serv. ad l. Id. Aen. xi. 204.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pyrgus

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PYR'GUS. (Sidon. Ep. viii. 12.) A word coined from the Greek πύργος, though not occurring with the same identical signification in that language, and for which the genuine Latin word is TURRICULA, which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pyrrhicha

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PYRR'HICHA and PYRR'HICHE (πυρρίχη). A Greek war-dance of Doric origin, performed to the sound of the flute in rapid measure, the performers wearing their armour and imitating by their motions the attack and defence of combatants in a battle. The illustration (Pyrrhicha/1.1), which is copied from a fictile vase, is generally received as a representation of the old Pyrrhic dance, as executed by the Greeks; an imitation of which was introduced at Rome by Julius Caesar, and also exhibited by succeeding emperors. Suet. Jul. 39. Nero, 12. Spart. Hadr. 19.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pythaula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PYTHAU'LA or -LES (πυθαύλης). In its original and proper acceptation signified a musician who played an air upon the pipe (αὐλός), expressive of the combat between Apollo and the Python (Hygin. Fab. 273.); whence the name was afterwards given to a musical performer at the theatre, who played the accompaniment to a single voice, as contradistinguished from the Choraules, who accompanied the entire chorus. Diomed. iii. 489. Varro, ap. Non. s. Ramices, p. 166.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pyxidicula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PYXIDIC'ULA. Diminutive of PYXIS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pyxis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PYX'IS (πυξίς). Literally, a small box or case made of boxwood, but formed in a particular manner; viz. with a lid having a lip or return which shuts over the edge of the box, like the mouth of a tortoise (Plin. H. N. ix. 12.), as is very plainly expressed in the annexed woodcut (Pyxis/1.1) from the design on a fictile vase. But as boxes of this character were made of various other materials besides boxwood, and extensively used for holding any small articles of use or ornament, especially such as are characteristic of female habits, the word possesses in general a signification analogous to our jewel case, trinket box, and such other receptacles as receive their characteristic name from the nature of the objects contained in them. Pet. Sat. 110. Mart. ix. 38 Suet. Nero 12. Cic. Cael. 25.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Quadrans

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QUAD'RANS. A small copper coin, three ounces (unciae) in weight, and equal to a fourth part of the As in value. It is marked with three balls to designate the weight, accompanied with the device of an open hand, strigil, a dolphin, grains of corn, a star, the image of a ship, or the head of Hercules or Ceres; all of which are found on different specimens in various numismatic collections. (Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 13. Hor. i. 3. 137. Mart. ii. 44.) The example (Quadrans/1.1) here introduced is from an original, weighing in its present stage 2 oz. 179 gr., and is drawn of one-third the actual size.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Quadrantal

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
QUADRAN'TAL. A vessel with four square sides, each a foot long, employed as a measure for liquids, the solid contents of which were equal to an amphora. Cato, R. R. 57. 2. Plaut. Curc. i. 2. 16. Festus, s. v.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Quadra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
QUAD'RA. In a general sense implies any thing which has four corners, or possesses a square form; whence specially: —
1. A square dining-table (Virg. Aen. vii. 115. Ib. iii. 257.) as contradistinct from a round one; both of which forms were adopted by the ancients, the former being the earliest model, the latter of most common usage. Hence the expression aliena vivere quadra (Juv. v. 2.) denotes a parasite, who lives at another man's expense; or, literally, at another man's table. The illustration (Quadra/1.1) represents a square dining table, from the Vatican Virgil, spread before the companions of Ulysses, in the island of Circe.
2. The Roman architects employed the word in two different senses; — to designate the square member or plinth placed under the base (spira) of a column. (Vitruv. iii. 4. 5.); and each of the narrow flat bands with plain surfaces, forming respectively the upper and lower division between the hollow scotia and swelling torus above and below it (Id. iii. 5. 2. and 3.); all which members are exhibited by the illustration (Quadra/2.1) annexed.
* Quadra/1.1
* Quadra/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Quadriforis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
QUADRIF'ORIS sc. janua (τετράθυρος). A door, in which each of the two valves fold back into two parts, thus forming altogether four pieces, upon the same principle as our window-shutters and folding-doors; as is exemplified by the illustration (Quadriforis/1.1), representing a cabinet or armoire, from a Pompeian painting. Vitruv. iv. 6. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Quadrigarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
QUADRIGA'RIUS. A charioteer who drove a team of four horses abreast; more especially applied to one who drove a four-horsed car (quadriga) at the races of the circus; as represented by the annexed cut (Quadrigarius/1.1) from the device on a terra-cotta lamp. Cic. Fragm. Varr. R. R. ii. 7. 15. Suet. Nero, 16.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Quadrigatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
QUADRIGA'TUS. A silver denarius, so termed from its having the impress of a quadriga stamped on the reverse, as shown by the annexed specimen (Quadrigatus/1.1) from an original of the same size. Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 13. Liv. xxii. 58.