OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Assembly language/x86
## Syntax

x86 assembly language has two main syntaxes:
Intel Syntax:
* Operand Order: Destination operand, then source operand.
* Register Names: No special characters.
* Immediate Values: No special characters.
AT&T Syntax:
* Operand Order: Source operand, then destination operand.
* Register Names: Preceded by a % sign.
* Immediate Values: Preceded by a $ sign.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Jatar Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Scindhia Ghat to Pancaganga Ghat
Rama–Jatar and Raja Gwalior Ghats

### Location

25º 18.924’ North and 83º 01.047’ East (Gwalior Ghat, centre).

##### Exact location on a map

Rama–Jatar and Raja Gwalior Ghats

#### Area

0.22 ha

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

- In the mid 19th century the finance secretary of Gwalior Estate, Balaji Cimadaji Jatar has built this ghat with the support of the king Jiyajirao Shinde. After his name this is called Jatar Ghat. He has also built a multi-storeyed building (no. CK 24/ 33), in a portion of which exists the temple of Lakshminarayana. This temple is an example of the local craftsmanship, consisting of mosaic of colourful glasses in the large windows and light areas. At the gate there is an inscription, which reads the names of the finance secretary and the king, and their portraits are also shown there. Prinsep (1822) mentions this ghat as Chor Ghat. The name “Chor” (thief) reminds a fable about this ghat, which narrates the story that this ghat was defamed in the past for theft of the cloths of pilgrims and bathers. Greaves (1909) has mentioned this ghat as Jadau Ghat. The architectural beauty of the Lakshiminarayan temple is at the verge of danger limit; in lack of proper and immediate care this temple can be lost at any time.

### Present state of conservation

Except by the temple organisations and the Estate Trust taking care of its properties, there are no specific action plans, programmes and strategies for conservation and preservation of the ghats. The temple trusts maintain their properties according to their own perspectives. [[|thumb|K 24/28 Ram Ghat That this building is illegal not only because it is built on the Ganga riverfront ghats in Varanasi after the year 2000 but primarily because it is built within 100 metres of an ASI protected monument (Dharhara Mosque), thereby violating the National Monument Act of 1958. Repeated FIRs filed by ASI (12.6.2000; 8.9.2001; 8.9.2003; 1.3.2004; 22.12.2004) against the owners of this illegal construction. Despite VDA issuing demolition orders for this illegal construction on 8 November 2005 and 28 June 2006, the illegal construction continues to exist since 7 years.]]

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by the support of active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control) the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society.

### Ownership

The temple related and estate properties along the ghat are owned by the respective trusts; the houses and other properties by the inhabitants; and the ghat area is owned by the Municipal Corporation.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Mehta Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Scindhia Ghat to Pancaganga Ghat
Mehta Ghat

### Location

25º 18.839’ North and 83º 00.890’ East (Agnishvara, Patni Tola).

##### Exact location on a map

Naya-Ganesha and Mehta Ghats.

#### Area

0.21 ha

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

Till 1960, Mehta Ghat was a portion of the southern part of Rama Ghat. According to the Puranic sources, two water-front sacred spots existed, viz. Maitravaruna and Mautta Tirtha. In 1960, a wealthy merchant of Kolkata, Ballabharam Saligaram Mehta, purchased this area and built a hospital in 1962. In commemorating his services to Kashi, this ghat is called Mehta Ghat. Further, the Municipal Corporation of Varanasi made the ghat in the same year and extended it. This ghat is well known for the Sangaveda Vidyalaya (‘school of the Sanga Veda’), where teaching is performed in Sanskrit medium, and students have to strictly follow the rules of chastity, celibacy, yoga and meditation and to live a life of monk. Of this kind, this is the only school, perhaps in the whole of India. Maharashtrian people dominate this area.

### Present state of conservation

Except for the temple organisations and the hospital taking care of their properties, there are no specific action plans, programmes, or strategies for conserving and preserving the ghats. The temple trusts maintain their properties according to their own perspectives.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by supporting active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control) the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society.

### Ownership

The respective trusts own the temple-related and hospital properties along the ghat, the inhabitants own the houses and other properties, and the Municipal Corporation owns the ghat area.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Ganesha Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Scindhia Ghat to Pancaganga Ghat
Ganesha Ghat

### Location

25º 18.839’ North and 83º 00.890’ East (Agnishvara, Patni Tola).

##### Exact location on a map

Naya-Ganesha and Mehta Ghats.

#### Area

0.21 ha

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

In puranic literature, this ghat is also called Vighneshvara Ghat. During 1761-72, Madhorao Peshva built the northern part of the Agnishvara Ghat pucca. In 1807, Amritrao Peshva further made extensive repairs, made the ghat fully pucca, and built Amrit Vinayaka Ganesha Temple. After the name of the temple, the ghat is called Ganesha Ghat. At the nearby bank exists the puranic water-front spot of Ikshvaku Tirtha. In the upper part, there are temples of Bhadreshvara and Nagesha Vinayaka. On the 9th dark half of Bhadrapada (August/ September), this ghat holds a unique religious fair as part of Ganesha's sacred bath and worship. The Maharashtian pilgrims dominate this. This is an active ghat where residents bathe daily, followed by the morning rituals.

### Present state of conservation

Except for the temple organisations and the hospital taking care of their properties, there are no specific action plans, programmes, or strategies for conserving and preserving the ghats. The temple trusts maintain their properties according to their own perspectives.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by supporting active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control) the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society.

### Ownership

The temple related and hospital properties along the ghat are owned by the respective trusts; the houses and other properties by the inhabitants; and the ghat area is owned by the Municipal Corporation.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Causatthi Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Chauki Ghat to Chausatthi Ghat
Causatthi Ghat

### Location

25º 18.292’ North and 83º 00.525’ East (Causatthi Devi Temple).

##### Exact location on a map

Digpatia Ghat and Causatthi Ghat (Causatthi temple, Rana Mahal: D 22 / 17)

#### Area

0.30ha (the main sacred area, ghat and temple complex)

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

The Kashi Khanda (61.176-177) described the ghat and images of Yoginis, and mentioned the two Jala-Tirthas (“water associated sacred spots”). The goddess Causatthi and her associated ghat are mentioned in the Giravana-padamanjari (1600-60). This ghat had privilege to provide shelter to a great Sanskrit scholar, Madhusudan Sarasvati (CE 1540-1623). Till 18th century the main image of the Causatthi Devi was in the Rana Mahal, a palace nearby, however later shifted to its present site. In the late 16th century the ghat was made pucca by King Pratapaditya, which in course of time partly destroyed. In ca 1670 the king of Udaipur (Rajasthan) renovated and expanded the ghat. Later in 19th century the ghat was fully renovated and repaired by King Digpatiya (of Champaran, Bihar). The present built structure was made in 1807. And, the ghat was made pucca, in the present condition, in 1965 by the Government of Uttar Pradesh.
In the temple compound there are old images of Kali, folk goddesses, Shiva, Ganesha and Kartikeya. Among the 64 Yogini images, only 16 are presently existing in Varanasi. Of them two are in the vicinity of the Causatthi Devi, i.e. Gajanana, “the elephant-headed” (House: D 21/ 22) and Mayuri, “the peacock-headed”, on the steps of the ghat. The Yoginis are considered to be the most ancient group of goddesses. The number 64 (causatha) is attributed to directional symbolism and also association between mother-goddesses (8) and their assistant-goddesses (8), or in other way the division of space (eight directions) on the earrth and in the celestial realm; thus the archetype becomes 64. On 12th dark-half of Caitra (March-April) many pilgrims pay visit to the Yogini temple and take ritual bath at this ghat. Another important occasion of attraction is the evening on the day of Holi, a colourful festival showing state of Caitra - 1st, when homage ritual is performed at the ghat.

### Present state of conservation

No specific measures are adopted, except that the Temple trust and local people and the local public groups look after its maintenance.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

No specific measures are taken to conserve and preserve the temple and the ghat, except to continue and maintain the daily religious activities by the local people.

### Ownership

The Causatthi Temple Trust; the ghat area by the Municipal Corporation.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Dandi Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Prabhu Ghat to Kedara Ghat
Dandi Ghat

### Location

25º 17.652’ North and 83º 00.410’ East (south point of the Gularia Ghat).

##### Exact location on a map

Shivala–Gularia and Dandi Ghats

#### Area

0.58 ha

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

A rich merchant of Banaras, Lalluji Agrawal, built it in 1821 with a joint effort of Babu Sagaramal. The government of Uttar Pradesh further renovated and restructured it in 1958. In the upper part of the ghat, there is a temple and a wrestling place. A branch of the Sharadapith of Dvaraka is where the Dandi ascetics live, carrying sticks in their hands and using ochre-coloured cloth. After this centre of Dandi ascetics, the ghat is called Dandi Ghar.

### Present state of conservation

Except for the temple and monastery trusts, which are directly taking care of their ashramas, there are no specific action plans, programmes, or strategies for conserving and preserving the ghats. The trusts maintain their properties according to their perspectives without specific plans.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by supporting active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control), the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better benefit of the society.

### Ownership

The respective temples, trusts, and residents own the specific properties along the ghat, while the municipal corporation owns the ghat area.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Gularia Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Prabhu Ghat to Kedara Ghat
Gularia Ghat

### Location

25º 17.652’ North and 83º 00.410’ East (south point of the Gularia Ghat).

##### Exact location on a map

Shivala–Gularia and Dandi Ghats

#### Area

0.58 ha

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

The extended part of Shivala Ghat is called Gularia Ghat. In fact, earlier, this was part of the Dandi Ghat. In 1819, a rich merchant of Banaras, Lalluji Agrawal, made this ghat pucca. After the well-known old and huge gular tree, a type of fig, the ghat is called Gularia Ghat. Attached to the ghat is a place of traditional wrestling. This ghat is deserted. -- A rich merchant of Banaras, Lalluji Agrawal, built it in 1821 with a joint effort of Babu Sagaramal. The government of Uttar Pradesh further renovated and restructured it in 1958. In the upper part of the ghat, there is a temple and a wrestling place. A branch of the Sharadapith of Dvaraka is where the Dandi ascetics live, carrying sticks in their hands and using ochre-coloured cloth. After this centre of Dandi ascetics, the ghat is called Dandi Ghat.

### Present state of conservation

Except for the temple and monastery trusts, which are directly taking care of their ashramas, there are no specific action plans, programmes, or strategies for conserving and preserving the ghats. The trusts maintain their properties according to their perspectives without specific plans.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by supporting active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control), the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better benefit of the society.

### Ownership

The respective temples, trusts, and residents own the specific properties along the ghat, while the municipal corporation owns the ghat area.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Rivan Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Assi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat

### Location

25º 17.396’ North and 83º 00.377’ East (centre of Ganga Mahala Ghat)

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

A little further down the Ganga Mahal Ghat, an extension was made by adding another palatial house called Rewa Ghat, a royal symbol at the gate opening towards the ghat that can be distinctively marked. This building has two parts: one part of the palace and the other one of the auxiliary house. This ghat was earlier named after Lala Misir, a family priest of the king of Punjab, Raja Ranjit Singh. In 1879, the king of Rivan purchased this and made sufficient repairs. The northern and southern porches are based on the joints of pillars. On both sides, there are stone steps. In 1955, the king of Banaras donated this palace to Banaras Hindu University, which uses it as a dormitory for performance art and music students. During 1985-2000, the ghat was fully covered by the siltation during annual floods. Thanks to an NGO under the direction of Shanti Lal Jain, the silt has been fully recovered, and open space now exists. Some of the tea shops have occupied the area.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that, with the support of active people's participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control), the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the betterment of society.

### Ownership

The Rewa Mahal is owned by the Banaras Hindu University and the Ghat area is owned by the Municipal Corporation.
# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Jain Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Asi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat
Vaccharaja and Jain Ghats

### Location

25º 17.578’ North and 83º 00.398’ East (Jain temple, Jain Ghat)

##### Exact location on a map

Vaccharaja and Jain Ghats Close to the turning towards Asi Ghat, on the right is the entrance gate to the temple.

#### Area

0.26 ha

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

Jain Ghat, named after the 7th Jain Tirthankara Suparshvanatha who was believed to be born in the neighbourhood. In commemoration a temple of Surapshvanath (Svetambara sect) was built in the upper part in 1885.Prior to 1931 this was part of Vaccharaja Ghat, but when Babu Shekhar Chanda has built this part separately and given the name with the support of Jain monks, that is how it is called Jain Ghat. The ghat renovated and re-constructed in 1988 by the irrigation department of the government of Uttar Pradesh. The nearby area is inhabited by boatmen who were responsible for polluting the area, but in the recent past the civic sense and mass awakening have prevailed in better way to improve the situation.

### Present state of conservation

Except by the temple trusts directly taking care of the three properties, there are no specific action plans, programmes and strategies for conservation and preservation of the ghats. The trusts maintain their properties according to their own perspectives without specific plans.
B- 3/15 Jain Ghat. Not only the ground floor illegal construction (stated as illegal and demolished at Serial no. 46 in the VDA affidavit dated 2 Dec 2012 and 24 Jan 2013) but the whole building is illegal and the owners reconstructed the building after it was punctured, illegally re-constructing all floors.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

It is expected that by the support of active people participation, awareness to save the age-old rich heritage, and development under the Master Plan (and its judiciary control) the ghat heritage will be protected and conserved for the better befit to the society.

### Ownership

The respective trusts own the specific properties along the ghat, and the Municipal Corporation owns the ghat area.
# African Arthropods/Wasps associated with plant galls

In the northern hemisphere, many plant galls are induced by wasps of the family Cynipidae, but this family is rarely encountered in the Afrotropics, where it comprises only four described species, all found in South Africa. In the Afrotropics, most gall-associated wasps are chacidoids.

# Chalcidoidea associated with plant galls

Most chalcidoid wasps in the families Cynipencyrtidae, Epichrysomallidae, Melanosomellidae, Ormyridae and Tanaostigmatidae are associated with plant galls; their larvae and pupae develop within galls. Together, these families comprise the ‘Gall Clade’ within the Chalcidoidea.
In the Afrotropics four of these families are represented:
* Epichrysomallidae includes about 16 described Afrotropical species in seven genera; they are exclusively associated with figs (genus Ficus);
* Melanosomellidae has four known species in the Afrotropics, two of which were introduced from Australia for the biological control of invasive Australian wattle trees;
* Ormyridae is represented by three species of Asparagobius which form galls on Asparagus species, Halleriaphagus phagolucida, which forms galls on Halleria species, two species of Ouma (biology unknown), and 14 described species of Ormyrus, which are hyperparasitoids, attacking other gall-forming insects;
* Tanaostigmatidae contains five African species including Tanaostigmodes tambotis, which is phytophagous, forming galls on the stems of tamboti trees (Spirostachys africana); the biologies of the other species are unknown.

## Ormyrus wasps on a Euclea stem gall

Ormyrus is a genus of parasitoid wasps with a worldwide distribution. Most species are thought to be hyperparasitoids, i.e. their larvae feed on the larvae of gall-forming insects; these galls are found on a wide variety of plants. These phtographs show the activity of Ormyrus wasps on a stem gall on a magic gwarrie (Euclea divinorum) shrub. In this case the gall-forming insect, and host of the Ormyrus parasite, is not known.
* Male Ormyrus wasps on a stem gall, waiting for a female to emerge
* Female Ormyrus wasp ovipositing into a stem gall
* Stem gall on a Euclea divinorum shrub
# Wikiphilosophers/Meaning of life/Toby Lightheart
## Meaning Creation as Life's Purpose

Life creates all natural meaning and, therefore, has the ultimate significance in an otherwise meaningless universe. The purpose of life, individually and collectively, is to sustain and create more meaningful interactions, objects and life. This answer is a product of decomposing the question "what is the meaning of life?" and developing a new understanding of what "life" is.

## Decomposing "What is the Meaning of Life?"

To understand the "Meaning of Life" one should first clearly specify what the phrase is understood to mean. This should start with communicating definitions of the terms "meaning" and "life".

### What is Meaning?

"Meaning" has many definitions; however, here we will focus on three synonyms: "purpose", "significance" and "signification".

### What is Life?

"Life" may refer specifically to the lived experience of a person or more generally to living biological organisms. Both perspectives are relevant to understanding the meaning of life.
Biological answers to this question typically focus on the common characteristic of living things: homeostasis, reproduction, metabolism. This section builds an argument that the fundamental processes of life are detection and selective action, which combine to interpretation.

## Criticisms and Related Concepts

The "meaning of life" presented has a range of potential criticisms and relationships to existing philosophical concepts.

### Circular Reasoning

Declaring that "life creates meaning" and that "the purpose of life is to create meaning" has the appearance of a circular argument.
# Helping Give Away Psychological Science/Archived Pages
### Most recent archive

Click here to access pages archived on November 20th, 2024.

### Older pages

None yet!
# Industrial and organizational psychology

Industrial and organizational psychology (abbreviated as I/O psych) relates to the psychology of work. It intersects with related disciplines of psychology such as motivation and social psychology. This speciality aims to investigate the actions, behavior, and attitudes of humans in the workforce - usually addressing work-related issues, such as recruitment, satisfaction in work life, work structure, and the overall well-being of workers in an organization. An I/O psychologist would apply their knowledge in psychology to assisting and aiding human and organizational issues in the workforce. For example, an I/O psychologist may assist in recruiting the best candidate for a job position, investigate factors into poor work-life quality, and/or developing rubrics for assessing employee performances.

## Content

* /Module 1
* /Module 2
* /Module 3
* /Module 4
* /Module 5
* /Module 7
* /Module 8
* /Module 9
* /Module 10
* /Module 11
* /Module 12
* /Module 13
* /Module 14