OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chiliarchus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHILIAR'CHUS or CHILIAR'CHOS (χιλιάρχης or χιλίαρχος). The commander of a thousand men; a word more especially employed by the Greeks to designate the Persian vizîr (Xen. Cyrop. ii. 1. 23. Nepos, Con. 3.); and applied by the Romans to an officer who commanded the marines, or soldiers who manned a fleet. Tac. Ann. xv. 51.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chimaera

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHIMAE'RA (Χίμαιρα). Literally, a she-goat, which the poets and artists of Greece converted into a monster, spouting fire, composed of three different animals — the head of a lion, the body of a wild goat, ending in a dragon's tail; fabled to have been killed by Bellerophon. Hor. Ovid. Tibull. Hom. &c.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chiramaxium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHIRAMAX'IUM (χειραμάξιον). An invalid's-chair upon wheels, which could be drawn or pushed forward by the hands of a slave, in the same manner as now practised. (Pet. Sat. 28. 4.) The illustration (Chiramaxium/1.1) represents a marble chair now in the British Museum, but which originally belonged to the baths of Antoninus at Rome, where it was doubtless employed as a sella balnearis or pertusa; but the two small wheels carved as ornaments on the sides, and in imitation of the moveable invalid's chair of wood, in which they were wheeled to and from the baths, establish at once the meaning of the word, and the harmony between ancient customs and our own in this particular.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chiridota

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHIRIDO'TA (χειριδωτός, sc. χιτών). Properly a Greek word, and an adjective, but sometimes used substantively by the Romans (Capitolin. Pertinax, 8.); and applied to a tunic with long sleeves reaching down to the hand (χείρ), more especially characteristic of the Asiatic and Celtic races, as seen in the annexed figure (Chiridota/1.1), from the Niobe group, representing the tutor (paedagogus) of the younger children, a class of men usually selected for that duty from the inhabitants of Asia Minor. Amongst the male population of Greece, and of Rome in the earlier times, sleeved tunics were not worn, excepting by people who affected foreign habits, or of luxurious and effeminate characters; hence when mention is made of persons so dressed, there is always an implied sense of reproach concealed under it. (Scipio Afr. ap. Gell. vii. 12. 2. Cic. Cat. ii. 10. Suet. Cal. 52.) But in both countries they were permitted to females, as shown by numerous monuments both of Greek and Roman artists, and in the annexed example (Chiridota/1.2), from a painting at Pompeii; whence the sarcasm of Virgil (Aen. ix. 616.), where the Trojans are called women, and not men, because their tunics had long sleeves.
* Chiridota/1.1
* Chiridota/1.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chironomos

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHIRON'OMOS and CHIRON'OMON (χειρονόμος). Generally, any person who employs the art of gesticulation to express his meaning without the aid of language, as explained in the previous article; thence also, a pantomimic actor on the stage (Juv. Sat. vi. 63.); and one who performs any duty with regular, studied, or theatrical movements; whence the same term is applied by the satirists to the slave who carved up the dishes at great entertainments with a pompous flourish of his knife. Juv. Sat. v. 121. Compare Pet. Sat. 36. 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chirurgus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHIRUR'GUS (χειρουργός). A surgeon, who performs operations, as distinguished from a medical practitioner. The Roman doctor (medicus) of early times exercised both departments of the healing art; but, about the time of Tiberius, surgery began to be practised as a distinct profession. Cels. Praef. vii. Becker, Gallus, p. 224. transl.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chlamyda

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHLAM'YDA. Same as CHLAMYS. Apul. Met. xi. p. 256. Id. Flor. ii. 15. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chlamydatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHLAMYDA'TUS (χλαμυδωτός). Clad in the chlamys, or Grecian mantle; which, from the nature of the garment, might be put on in a variety of ways, presenting very different characters, but all studiously arranged with a view of appearing graceful and becoming. (Ovid. Met. ii. 733.) The most simple and usual were the following: —
1. The narrowest part of the mantle (see the right-hand figure s. CHLAMYS was passed round the back of the neck, and the two corners brought together in front of the throat, where they were joined by a buckle, clasp, or brooch, so that the goars might be turned back over the shoulders (demissa ex humeris. Virg. Aen. 263.), and the middle or longest part would hang down behind as far as the knees, as shown by the annexed figure (Chlamydatus/1.1), from the Panathenaic frieze in the British Museum.
2. Or, a portion of the narrow part of the left-hand figure s. CHLAMYS, was folded down, in order to make a longer line, and then fastened sideways over the right shoulder by a brooch, &c.; so that the mantle completely enveloped the left arm, leaving the right one, as well as the whole side, uncovered, whilst the four corners hung down on the same side parallel to one another, two in front and two behind, as shown by the annexed figure (Chlamydatus/2.1), from a Greek vase.
3. Or, one side of it was carried across the chest, and thrown over the left shoulder, so as closely to envelope the upper part of the person, as low as the wrists (Apul. Flor. ii. 15. 2.); an arrangement more especially adopted on horseback, as shown by the annexed example (Chlamydatus/3.1), from the Panathenaic frieze in the British Museum.
* Chlamydatus/1.1
* Chlamydatus/2.1
* Chlamydatus/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chlamys

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHLAM'YS (χλαμύς). A light and short mantle, originating with the inhabitants of Thessaly or of Macedonia, whence it was imported into other parts of Greece, and became the regular equestrian costume of the Athenian youths, from the period of their becoming ἔφηβος until the age of manhood. (Plutarch. Alex. 26. Pollux. x. 124. Apul. Met. x. p. 233.) It consisted of an oblong square piece of cloth, to each side of which a goar (πτέρυξ) was attached, sometimes in the form a right-angled, and at others of an obtuse-angled triangle, so that the whole, when spread out, would form a mantle of similar shape and dimensions to the diagrams (Chlamys/1.1) introduced above. The different ways in which it was adjusted and worn are described and illustrated in the preceding article.
2. Properly speaking, the chlamys belongs to the national costume of the Greeks, but not of the Romans, though it was occasionally adopted, even at an early period, by some of the last-mentioned people, as by L. Scipio and Sylla (Cic. Rabir. Post. 10. Val. Max. iii. 2. and 3.); but these are both mentioned as singular instances. In some cases too, it is ascribed to women — to Dido by Virgil (Aen. iv. 137.), and to Agrippina by Tacitus (Ann. xii. 56.).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Choragium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHORA'GIUM (χορήγιον). The furniture, scenery, dresses, &c. belonging to a theatre, which are necessary in presenting a play upon the stage, or, as our actors call it, "the property." Festus, s. v. Plaut. Capt. Prol. 60.
2. A large apartment behind the stage, where the "property" was kept; or, perhaps, where the actors, and in a Greek theatre, the Chorus, dressed or rehearsed. (Vitruv. v. 9. 1. Demosth. p. 403. 22. Reiske.) It formed one of the appurtenances constructed in the spacious porticoes at the back of a theatre (Vitruv. l. c.), as may be seen on the plan of Pompey's theatre, introduced as an illustration under THEATRUM.
3. A sort of spring in hydraulic machines. Vitruv. x. 8. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Choragus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHORA'GUS. The person who provided the scenery, ornaments, dresses, &c., necessary for presenting a play upon the Roman stage, which he sometimes furnished at his own expense, but more usually from monies levied on the community, and paid over to him by the aediles. Plaut. Pers. i. 3. 78.
2. (χορηγός). Amongst the Greeks, the choragus was the person who defrayed the costs for bringing out a Chorus; and the leader of the Chorus was sometimes designated by the same name.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Choraules

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHORAU'LES and CHORAU'LA (χοραύλης). A musician who accompanied the Chorus of the Greek theatre, or any other number of singers in a concert generally, upon the double pipes; as contradistinguished from auloedus, who played an instrument solo without vocal music. (Suet. Galb. 12. Plin. H. N. xxxvii. 3. Mart. Ep. ix. 78.) The costume and instrument of these performers are shown by the figure (Choraules/1.1) annexed, from a drawing by Fulvius Ursinus, in the Vatican Library, copied from a statue discovered on the Appian way, with the name CHORAULES inscribed upon its base.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chorea

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHORE'A (χορεία). A choral dance; i. e. in which the performers join hand in hand, so as to form a circle and dance to the sound of their own voices, precisely as represented in the illustration (Chorea/1.1), from a painting in the baths of Titus at Rome. Virg. Cul. 19. Ovid. Met. viii. 581. Claud. B. Gild. 448.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chorobates

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHOROB'ATES. An instrument used for taking the level of water, and of the country through which it is to be conducted. Vitruv. viii. 5. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chorocitharista

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHO'ROCITHARIS'TA. A musician who accompanies a chorus of singers on the cithara. Suet. Dom. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chors

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHORS, CORS, or COHORS (χόρτος). A farm, or straw-yard, which constituted one of the principal appendages belonging to a country villa, where the whole live stock, cattle, pigs, poultry, &c., were kept, stalled, and foddered. It consisted of a large court, covered with litter, for the purpose of making dressing for the land, provided with a tank, where the cattle were watered when brought up for the night; and enclosed all round by numerous outbuildings, including sheds for the carts, ploughs, and agricultural implements, as well as stabling, stalls, sties, and houses for the cattle, and other domestic animals (turba cortis, Mart. Ep. iii. 58.), forming the live stock of the farm. (Varro, L. L. v. 88. Id. R. R. 1. 13. 2. and 3. Vitruv. vi. 6. 1.) The illustration (Chors/1.1) annexed, which represents the yard in which the followers of Ulysses were kept when changed into swine, from a miniature of the Vatican Virgil, will serve to convey a notion of the general plan and character of an ancient farm-yard and its dependencies.
2. A sheep pen, made with hurdles and netting, and set up on the lands where the flock pastured, to protect them at night. (Varro, R. R. ii. 2. 9.) Also a permanent enclosure surrounded by high stone walls, in which sheep were stalled. Columell. vii. 3. 8.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chorus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHORUS (χορός). A band or company of persons engaged in dancing and singing, more especially when their songs and dances were performed in honour, or as part of the worship, of some divinity. Cic. Phil. v. 6. Virg. Aen. viii. 718. Suet. Cal. 37. Hor. Od. i. 1. 31.
2. The chorus of singers in a dramatic entertainment on the Greek stage. The performers in it were entirely distinct from the actors, though they sometimes performed the part of interlocutors. The Roman drama had no chorus. Hor. A. P. 193. 204. 283. Aul. Gell. xix. 10.
3. A choral or round dance. (Mart. Ep. iv. 44. Compare Tibull. ii. 8. 88.) Same as CHOREA; where see the illustration.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chrysendeta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHRYSEN'DETA (χρυσένδετα). The name given to a particular manufacture of plate employed by the wealthy Romans for their table services, but the precise character of which is not ascertained; excepting that the name itself and the epithets applied to it, appear to indicate that the articles were made upon a basis of silver, with ornaments of gold either inlaid, or chased in relief upon it. Mart. Ep. ii. 43. Id. vi. 94. Id. xiv. 97. and compare Cic. Verr. iv. 21 — 23.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chytra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHYT'RA (χύτρα). A common kind of earthenware pot in use amongst the Greeks, employed for boiling and cooking, or any ordinary purpose; and, therefore, left in its natural rough state of red clay, without any sort of decoration or painting. (Aristoph. Pac. 923. Athen. ix. 73. Cato, R. R. 157. 11., where, however, some editions read scutra.) The illustration (Chytra/1.1), from an original, represents the form of these pots according to Panofka, Recherches sur les véritables Noms des Vases Grecs, i. 28.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Chytropus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CHYT'ROPUS (χυτρόπους). A chytra made with legs, so that it could be set over the fire without being placed upon a trivet, as shown by the annexed figure (Chytropus/1.1), from an original after Panofka. Hesiod. Op. 746. Vulg. Levit. xi. 35.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cibilla

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CIBILL'A. The reading of some editions in a passage of Varro (L. L. v. 118.) for CILLIBA; which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ciborium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CIBO'RIUM (κιβώριον). Literally, the seed-pod of the Egyptian bean (colocasia); and thence a drinking vessel of Greek invention, so termed from its resemblance to the form of that fruit. Hor. Od. ii. 7. 22. Schol. Vet. ad l. Athen. xi. 54.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ciconia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CICO'NIA. Literally, a stork; but also applied to a mimic gesture expressive of ridicule or contempt, produced by bending the forefinger into the form of a stork's neck, and pointing it towards the person ridiculed with a rapid motion of the two top joints up and down. Pers. i. 58. Hieron. Epist. 125. 18.
2. A contrivance employed by farmers to test a labourer's work in spade husbandry, and prove if all his trenches were dug to a uniform and proper width and depth. It consisted of an upright, with a cross-bar affixed to it, at right angles, like the letter T inverted, so that the long branch measured the depth, the two shorter arms the width and evenness of the trench. Columell. iii. 13. 11.
3. Ciconia composita. A contrivance of the same description as the preceding, but not quite so simple; invented by Columella, to remedy some inconveniences experienced in the use of that instrument, which led to frequent disputes between the farmer and his labourers, without insuring him against being deceived by them; inasmuch as it required a very sharp eye to see that the instrument was placed fairly upright in the furrow, and not in a slanting position, which would make the trench appear deeper than it really was. For this purpose he added two cross-bars to the original instrument, nailed on it in the form of the letter X, and suspended a line and plummet from the point where they intersected each other; thus, the extreme ends of the cross-bars and tail-piece proved the width of the trench at top and bottom, and showed if the sides were dug fair and even throughout; the height of the machine measured the exact depth of the trench; and the plumb line prevented disputes by indicating at once whether it was inserted in a horizontal position or not. (Columell. iii. 13. 12.) The illustration (Ciconia/3.1) is not from the antique, but is a conjectural diagram by Schneider, constructed in accordance with Columella's description, and inserted here in order to convey a better idea than words alone can express.
4. A name given by the ancient Spaniards to the machine for raising water from a well, which we call a "swipe," and the Romans termed TOLLENO. Isidor. Orig. xx. 15. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cicuta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CICU'TA. Literally, the hemlock; whence transferred to things made out of the stalks of that plant, especially the Pan's pipes. Virg. Ecl. ii. 36. Lucret. v. 1382.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cicuticen

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CICU'TICEN. A performer on the Pan's pipes, made of the hemlock stalks. (Sidon. Carm. i. 15.) The illustration (Cicuticen/1.1) is from a small ivory figure in the Florentine Museum.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cidaris

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CID'ARIS (κίδαρις and κίταρις). The royal bonnet worn by the kings of Persia, Armenia, and Parthia, which had a tall, stiff, and straight crown, encircled by a blue diadem ornamented with white spots (Curt. iii. 3.). All these particulars, with the exception of the colour, are distinctly visible in the illustration (Cidaris/1.1), which represents Tigranes, king of Armenia, from a Syrian model.
2. The bonnet worn by the high-priest of the Jews. Hieron. Epist. 64. 2. and 13.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cilibantum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CILIBAN'TUM. A wine or drinking table of circular form, supported upon three legs; for circular tables, on a single stem, had an appropriate name of their own — monopodia. Tables of this kind are frequently represented in the Pompeian paintings, from one of which the annexed illustration (Cilibantum/1.1) is copied, with the drinking vessels (capides, capulae) upon it, precisely as mentioned by Varro, L. L. v. 121.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cilicium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CILIC'IUM (κιλίκιον). A coarse kind of cloth made of goats' hair, used for various purposes, in the army and navy more especially, and probably resembling the material now used for coal-sacks and horses' nose-bags. Cic. Verr. ii. 1. 38. Liv. xxxviii. 7. Veget. Mil. iv. 6. Serv. ad Virg. Georg. iii. 313.