OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Autopyros

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AUTOPY'ROS (αὐτόπυρος). Brown-bread, made of coarse flour with the bran in it. Plin. H. N. xxii. 68. Petr. Sat. 66. 2. Celsus, ii. 18.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Avena

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AVE'NA. A Pandean pipe made with the stalk of the wild oat, such as was used by the peasantry. Virg. Tibull. Ov. Met. viii. 192. ARUNDO. No. 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Avertarius

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AVERTA'RIUS. A beast of burden, which carries the averta, or saddle-bag, upon his rump. Impp. Valent. et Valens. Cod. Theodos. 8. 5. 22.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Averta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AVER'TA. A saddle-bag, which was probably placed on the rump of an animal, as now commonly practised in Italy. Acron. ad Hor. Sat. i. 6. 106.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aviarium

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AVIA'RIUM. A poultry yard. Varro, R. R. iii. 3. 7.
2. An aviary, in which birds of choice kinds, and rare breeds were kept. Varro, l. c.
3. A decoy or preserve for aquatic birds. Columell. viii. 1. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aviarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AVIA'RIUS. A slave who had the charge of breeding, feeding, and fattening poultry. Columell. viii. 3. 4. seq.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Avicularius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AVICULA'RIUS. Apic. viii. 7. Same as the preceding.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Axicia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AXICIA. A word only met with in a single passage of Plautus (Curc. iv. 4. 21.), which the dictionaries and commentators interpret, a pair of scissors. But the reading or the interpretation seems very doubtful; for the instrument used by the ancients for the same purposes as our scissors, was termed FORFEX by the Romans; and in the passage of Plautus, the axicia is enumerated as an article of the toilet, with the comb, tweezers, looking-glass, curling-irons, and towel; but a pair of scissors, though useful enough on a modern dressing table, would be far less appropriate to the Roman toilet if regard is had to the difference of ancient habits.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Axis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AXIS (ἄξων). The axle-tree of a carriage to which the pole is affixed, and round which the wheels revolve (Ov. Met. ii. 317.), which is clearly seen in the illustration (Axis/1.1) from an ancient bronze car preserved in the Vatican; but in waggons of the kind called plaustra, the axle tree was not a fixture, but revolved together with the wheels in nuts or sockets screwed on to the bottom of the cart; see ARTEMON.
2. Axis versatilis. A revolving cylinder, such as is worked by a windlass for drawing up weights, by twisting the cord round about itself, like the roller and windlass by which a bucket is drawn out of a well, as illustrated by the annexed engraving (Axis/2.1) from a marble sarcophagus in the Vatican cemetery. Vitruv. ix. 8. 8.
3. The upright axis of a door, which worked in sockets let into the upper and lower lintel, and so formed a pivot upon which the door turned when opened or shut. Stat. Theb. i. 349. See ANTEPAGMENTUM and CARDO.
4. The valve of a water pipe or cock; in which sense the proper reading is ASSIS.
5. A plank; also properly written ASSIS.
* Axis/1.1
* Axis/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Babylonicum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BABYLON'ICUM. A shawl of Babylonian manufacture, which was highly prized amongst the Romans for its fine texture and brilliant colours. Lucret. iv. 1027. P. Syrus ap. Petr. Sat. 55. 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Baccha

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BACCHA (Βάκχη). A Bacchante; a female who celebrates the mysteries of Bacchus. (Ovid. Her. x. 48.) They are frequently represented in works of art, and described by the poets (Ov. Met. vi. 591.), as in the illustration (Baccha/1.1), with a wreath of vine leaves or ivy round the head, loose flowing hair, a mantle made of kid-skin, on the left side, and the thyrsus in the right hand, running like mad women through the streets. The figure here introduced, which is from a bas-relief of the Villa Borghese, instead of the skin on her person, carries part of a kid in her left hand.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Bacillum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BACILLUM (βακτήριον). A small staff, stick, or cane; a walking-stick, sometimes as with us artificially bent into form. (Cic. Fin. ii. 11. Juv. Sat. iii. 28. The example (Bacillum/1.1) is from a painting at Pompeii, and represents Ulysses.
2. Varro, R. R. 50. 2. See FALX DENTICULATA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Baculus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BAC'ULUS and BAC'ULUM (βάκτρον). A long stick or staff, such as was commonly carried by travellers, rustics, shepherds, and goatherds (whence termed agreste. Ov. Met. xv. 654.); by infirm or aged persons of both sexes (Ov. Met. vi. 27.); and also, out of affectation, by the Greek philosophers. (Mart. Ep. iv. 53.) The illustration (Baculus/1.1), from a MS. of Virgil in the Vatican library, represents one of the shepherds of the Eclogues leaning on his staff, precisely as described by Ovid, incumbens or innitens baculo (Met. xiv. 655. Fast. i. 177.); an attitude also of daily occurrence amongst the peasants of the Roman Campagna.
2. (σκῆπτρον). A long staff, which, in early times, was carried by kings and persons in authority, both as a mark of distinction and a defensive weapon. In works of art it is always represented of greater length than the rustic staff, as may be seen by the annexed figure (Baculus/2.1) of Agamemnon, from a marble vase of Greek sculpture, and it is sometimes described as being ornamented with gold and silver (Florus, iv. 11. 3. Id. iii. 19. 10.) It was the original of the regal sceptre; and in consequence was used on the tragic stage by actors who personated kingly characters. (Suet. Nero, 24.) But the word, when used in this sense by the Latin writers, is mostly adopted in order to characterise, and to ridicule, foreign, and especially Asiatic, manners. Florus. ll. cc.
* Baculus/1.1
* Baculus/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Bajulatorius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BAJULATO'RIUS. Which serves or is adapted for carrying. Sella bajulatoria. See SELLA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Bajulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BAJ'ULUS (νωτοφόρος, φορτηγός). A porter, or any person who carries burdens on his back, as shown in the illustration (Bajulus/1.1) from a painting in a sepulchral chamber at Rome. Plaut. Poen. v. 6. 17. Cic. Par. iii. 2.
2. In the Roman househould, a slave who performed the same duties as the porter of a modern establishment, such as carrying parcels, letters, &c. Hieron. Ep. 6. ad Julian. n. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Balineum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BALIN'EUM or BAL'NEUM. A private bath, or the suite of bathing rooms belonging to a private house (Varro, L. L. ix. 68. Cic. Fam. xiv. 20.); as contradistinguished from the plural Balineae, applied to the public establishments, which commonly comprised two sets of baths, with distinct and separate accommodation for both sexes, and consequently more extensive and numerous dependencies. In other respects the distribution and arrangements of the several apartments were upon a similar principle in both cases, as will be seen by comparing the members in the annexed wood-cut (Balineum/1.1), which presents the ground-plan of the baths belonging to the suburban villa of Arrius Diomedes at Pompeii, with those of the public baths described and illustrated in the preceding article. The baths and their appurtenances occupied an angle at one extremity of the whole pile of building, and were entered from the atrium through a door at a. Immediately on the right of the entrance is a small room (b), perhaps used as a waiting-room, or intended for the slaves attached to this department of the household. Beyond this is the apodyterium, or undressing-room (A), situated between the cold and hot baths, and having a separate entrance into both of them.
B is a small triangular court, partially covered by a colonnade on two of its sides; in the centre of which and in the open air, excepting that it had a roof over head, supported upon two columns at opposite angles, was the cold water bath (c) — piscina in area. Plin. Ep. v. 6. 26.
C is the tepid chamber (tepidarium), with a seat in one corner, upon which the bather sat to be scraped and anointed after the bath.
D. The caldarium, or thermal chamber, arranged exactly as in the public baths, with the Laconicum at the circular end, and an alveus, or hot water bath, at the opposite extremity.
d is the reservoir, which contained a general supply of water from the aqueduct; e, a room for the use of the slaves who served the furnaces, which had a stone table in it (e), and a staircase leading to an upper story, or to the roof; f, the cistern for cold water; g, the boiler for tepid water; h, the boiler for hot water; i, the furnace; all of which are disposed in the same manner as those of the public establishments, and with the same regard for the saving of fuel and water. See CALDARIUM, TEPIDARIUM, FRIGIDARIUM.
2. Sometimes the same word is used in a more confined sense for the hot water bath (alveus); seen at the square end of the room D in the last wood-cut, and at the letter h in the preceding one. Cic. Att. ii. 3. Pet. Sat. 72. Celsus, iii. 24.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ballistarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BALLISTA'RIUM or BALIST. An arsenal or magazine in which ballistae are kept. Plaut. Poen. i. 1. 74.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AULA (αὐλή). Properly a Greek word, which in early times designated an open court or court-yard in front of a house, around which the stables, stalls for cattle, and farming outhouses were situated; hence the Roman poets adopted the word to express a dog-kennel (Grat. Cyneg. 167.), a sheep pen (Prop. iii. 2. 39), or a den for wild animals. Pet. Sat. 119. 17.
2. Subsequently to the age of Homer, the Greek aula was an open peristyle in the interior of a house, of which there were two in every mansion (Vitruv. vi. 7. 5.); one round which the men's apartments were disposed, and the other for the exclusive use of the females. In other respects, they corresponded in general arrangement and distribution to the atrium and peristylium of a Roman house: see the plan of the Greek house s. v. DOMUS, on which the two aulae are marked respectively C and E. In allusion to this sense of the word, Virgil uses it for the cell of the queen bee. Aen. iii. 353.
3. Aula regia. The central portion of the scene in the Greek and Roman theatres, especially for tragic performances, representing a noble mansion (Vitruv. v. 6. 8.), near or in which the action was supposed to take place. The illustration (Aula/3.1) represents a view of the great theatre at Pompeii, with the scene at the further end, from which the general character of this part of the building may be readily imagined, though the whole of its upper portion has decayed.
4. An old form of spelling (Cato, R. R. 85.) for OLLA, which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ballistarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BALLISTA'RIUS or BALIST. A soldier who worked or discharged a ballista; ranked amongst the light-armed troops. Ammian. 16. 2. § 5. Veget. Mil. ii. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ballista

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BALL'ISTA or BAL'ISTA (λιθοβόλος, or -ον). An engine used at sieges for hurling ponderous masses of stone. (Lucil. Sat. xxviii. p. 61. 23. Gerlach. Cic. Tusc. ii. 24. Tacit. Hist. iv. 23.) Neither the descriptions of the Latin authors, nor the monuments of art enable us to form a distinct notion of the manner in which these machines were constructed; and the different attempts of modern antiquaries to restore a specimen from the words of Vitruvius (x. 11.) and of Ammianus (xxiii. 4. § 1 — 3), must be regarded as too uncertain and conjectural to be invested with any degree of authority. They were, however, made of different dimensions, called majores and minores (Liv. xxvi. 47.); and some were used as field engines, being placed upon carriages and drawn by horses or mules, so that they could be readily transported to any position on the field of battle, thence termed CARROBALLISTAE, one of which is represented on the column of Antoninus. We have subsequently introduced it as an illustration to that word; and it may serve to convey a general notion as to what these machines were like; but is far too imperfect and deficient in detail to afford any approximation towards a distinct understanding of the exact principle upon which they were constructed.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Balneae

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BALNEAE. See BALINEAE.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Balnearia (items used in the bath)

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BALNEA'RIA. Used absolutely to express collectively all the implements, vessels, and necessaries used in the bath, such as strigils, oil, perfumes, towels, &c. Apul. Met. iii. p. 51. Compare Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 42. Paul. Dig. 34. 2. 33.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Balnearia (set of baths)

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BALNEA'RIA. Absolutely, for a set of baths, or bathing chambers. Cic. Q. Fr. iii. 1. 1. See BALINEAE and BALINEUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Balnearis

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BALNEA'RIS, sc. fur. Catull. xxxiii. 1. A fellow who made a livelihood by stealing the clothes of poor people, who had no slaves of their own to take care of them, from the public baths while their owners were bathing; for at Rome every one was compelled by law to strip himself in the undressing-room, before he was permitted to enter the bathing apartments (Cic. Cael. 26.), the object of which was to prevent the property or utensils of the establishment from being purloined, and concealed under the dress.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Balneator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BALNEA'TOR. The keeper of a set of baths. Cic. Cael. 26.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Balneatrix

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BALNEA'TRIX. The mistress of a set of baths, or who has charge of the women's department of the same. Petr. ap. Serv. Aen. xii. 159.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Balneum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BAL'NEUM. See BALINEUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Baltearius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BALTEA'RIUS. The master or keeper of the belts (baltei), an officer in the Imperial household, whose duty it was to provide and keep in the wardrobe those articles of use and ornament. Inscript. ap. Reines. cl. 8. n. 69. Spon. Miscell. Erud. Ant. p. 253.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Balteolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BALTE'OLUS. Diminutive of BALTEUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Baphium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BAPHI'UM (βαφεῖον). A dyer's establishment. Inscript. ap. Carli, Antich. Ital. tom. 3. p. 14. Procuratori Baphii Cissae Histriae. Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 40. Strabo, xvi. 2. § 23.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Baptisterium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BAPTISTE'RIUM (βαπτιστήριον). Properly a Greek word (Sidon. Ep. ii. 2.), though not extant in any Greek author. A cold plunging bath, constructed in the cella frigidaria. (Plin. Ep. ii. 17. 11. Id. v. 6. 25.) The illustration (Baptisterium/1.1) presents a view of the cold bath, and room which contains it, as now remaining at Pompeii. The bath itself (baptisterium) is a circular marble basin, of 12 feet 9 inches diameter, indented with two steps, and having a short low seat at the bottom (on the left hand in the engraving), upon which the bather might sit and wash.
2. Amongst the ecclesiastical writers, or subsequently to the establishment of Christianity; a building distinct from the church in which the baptismal font was placed (Sidon. Ep. iv. 15.); of which the baptistery built by Constantine near the church of S. Giovanni Laterano, at Rome, affords an actual example. A view of the interior of this edifice may be seen in Gally Knight's "Ecclesiastical Architecture of Italy."
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Barbatulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
BARBA'TULUS. Having a youthful beard growing just round the chin, without being shortened or trimmed into shape by the barber (Cic. Att. i. 14.), as it was worn by the youth of Rome before the custom of shaving had obtained; and, subsequently, until the age of manhood, when its ample growth required to be artificially trimmed into form. The illustration (Barbatulus/1.1) is taken from a statue of Drusus, the son of Tiberius, found at Pompeii.