# Korean/Words/Basics

* ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ -ㄱ-ㄲ-ㄴ-ㄷ-ㄸ-ㄹ-ㅁ-ㅂ-ㅃ-ㅅ-ㅆ-ㅇ-ㅈ-ㅉ-ㅊ-ㅋ-ㅌ-ㅍ-ㅎ- 말+/말씀+/물+/불+ a2z/Basics/News/Notes/Table/Legend/Sandbox

## 덕
### Noun

* 도덕적ㆍ윤리적 이상을 실현해 나가는 인격적 능력. 공정하고 남을 넓게 이해하고 받아들이는 마음이나 행동. 베풀어 준 은혜나 도움. 착한 일을 하여 쌓은 업적과 어진 덕.
    virtue

### Comparatives

| Germanic | Norse |
| deugt #Dutch dought #English Tugend #German | dyd #Danish dyd #Norwegian dygð #Old Norse dygd #Swedish |
* De (Chinese) § Etymologies

## a2z

| 가다 (gada) go | Infinitive Korean: 가다 (ga-da) Old English: gān Middle English: gon English: to go Danish: at gå Dutch: gaan German: gehen Norwegian: gå Swedish: gå imperative Korean: 가 (ga) Old English: gā English: go Danish: gå Dutch: ga German: geh Norwegian: gå Swedish: gå | Swiss traffic light for pedestrian Go! |
| 굳 (gut) pit, hollow, cavity cf. ditch, gote, gut See also [#둑]] (duk, "dyke") | | ditch dyke 굳 둑 陰 陽 |
| 까까 (kkakka) cake | Norse Old Norse: kaka Danish: kage Faroese: kaka Icelandic: kaka Norwegian: kake Swedish: kaka Others Dutch: koek English: cake German: Kuchen Estonian: kook Finnish: kakku Greek: κέικ (kéik) | A layer cake from which a slice has been removed. |
| 난쟁이 (nan-jaeng`i) dwarf 낮다 (nat-da) low cf. nether, Netherlands | dwarf Ancient Greek: νᾶνος (nânos) Latin: nanus Catalan: nan, nano French: nain Italian: nano Lombard: nan Portuguese: anão Spanish: enano nether Dutch neder German nieder Danish: ned Norwegian: ned Swedish: ned Faroese: niður Icelandic: niður | Nain assis (Seated Dwarf, 19th century), a painting in the style of Spanish artist Francisco Goya |
| 낳다 (nat-da) to give birth to 놓다 (not-da) to lay, say, an egg | lay (an egg) Dutch: leggen German: legen Norwegian: legge Swedish: lägga | Newborn rests as caregiver checks breath sounds. |
| 내 (nae) river, rivulet cf. The names of many European rivers | Danube, French Danube, Danish Donau, Dutch Donau, German Donau, Hungarian Duna, Icelandic Dóná, Polish Dunaj, Russian Дуна́й (Dunáj), Slovak Dunaj, Sorbian Dunaj, Turkish Tuna, Ukrainian: Дуна́й (Dunáj) Daugava aka. Duna, Dutch Westelijke Dvina, German Düna, Icelandic Dvína, Latin Duina Occidentalis, Portuguese Rio Duína Ocidental, Slovak Západná Dvina, Sloven Zahodna Dvina Garonne, Catalan Garona, French Garonne, Italian Garonna, Latin Garumna, Occitan Garona, Portuguese Garona, Spanish Garona Rhine, German Rhein, Hungarian Rajna, Latvian Reina, Macedonian Ра́јна (Rájna), Serbo-Croatian Рајна (Rajna) Seine, Albanian Sena, Azerbaijani Sena, Bulgarian: Се́на (Séna), Czech Seina, Estonian Seine, Finnish Seine, French Seine, German Seine, Hungarian Szajna, Icelandic Signa, Italian Senna, Norwegian Seine, Portuguese Sena, Russian Се́на (Séna), Slovak Seina, Slovene Sena, Spanish Sena, Swedish Seine, Ukrainian Се́на (Séna) | Danube, French Danube, Danish Donau, Dutch Donau, German Donau, Hungarian Duna, Icelandic Dóná, Polish Dunaj, Russian Дуна́й (Dunáj), Slovak Dunaj, Sorbian Dunaj, Turkish Tuna, Ukrainian: Дуна́й (Dunáj) Daugava aka. Duna, Dutch Westelijke Dvina, German Düna, Icelandic Dvína, Latin Duina Occidentalis, Portuguese Rio Duína Ocidental, Slovak Západná Dvina, Sloven Zahodna Dvina Garonne, Catalan Garona, French Garonne, Italian Garonna, Latin Garumna, Occitan Garona, Portuguese Garona, Spanish Garona Rhine, German Rhein, Hungarian Rajna, Latvian Reina, Macedonian Ра́јна (Rájna), Serbo-Croatian Рајна (Rajna) Seine, Albanian Sena, Azerbaijani Sena, Bulgarian: Се́на (Séna), Czech Seina, Estonian Seine, Finnish Seine, French Seine, German Seine, Hungarian Szajna, Icelandic Signa, Italian Senna, Norwegian Seine, Portuguese Sena, Russian Се́на (Séna), Slovak Seina, Slovene Sena, Spanish Sena, Swedish Seine, Ukrainian Се́на (Séna) |
| 누나 (nuna) older sister of a male cf. nun | nun, sister Danish: nonne, søster Dutch: non, zuster English: nun, sister Faroese: nunna, systir French: nonne, sœur German: Nonne, Schwester | Nuns aka. sisters |
| 닙 (nip) > 입 (ip) mouth cf. lip | | Lips |
| 닢 (nip) > 잎 (ip) leaf | | A leaf |
| 담 (dam) wall cf. dam See also: 담벽 (dam-beok, "wall") #벽 (byeok, "wall") #둑 (duk, "dyke") | dam #Translations Danish: dæmning Dutch: dam German: Damm Korean: 댐 (daem) Norwegian: dam, demning Russian: да́мба (dámba) Swedish: damm | |
| 덕 (deok) 德 virtue See also: 득 (deuk) 得 | Afrikaans: deug Danish: dyd Dutch: deugd German: Tugend Icelandic: dyggð Korean: 덕(德, deok) cf. 득(得, deuk) Norwegian: dygd Old Norse: dygð Swedish: dygd | 덕 (德, deok, "virtue") 득 (得, deuk, "virtue") |
| 두다 (du-da) to put, lay, cf. do | | |
| 둑 (duk) dyke cf. thick See also: #담 (dam, "wall") cf. dam #벽 (byeok, "wall") cf. Danish væg etc. #방죽 (bangjuk, "dyke; pond") cf. German Deich; Teich | dyke "barrier to prevent flooding" Bulgarian: дига (diga) Catalan: dic Danish: dige Dutch: dijk French: digue German: Deich Italian: diga Korean: 둑 (duk) Latin: diga Portuguese: dique Spanish: dique Estonian: tamm Russian: да́мба (dámba) thick Danish: tyk Dutch: dik, dikke German: dick Norwegian: tykk Swedish: tjock See also English: thigh | "Schematic cross-section of Offa's Dyke, showing the design intended to protect Mercia against attacks/raids from Powys." The deep ditch makes the high dyke. Korean 굳 (gud, "ditch") is the anagram as well as antonym of 둑 (dug, "dyke"). ditch dyke 굳 둑 陰 陽 |
| 둔 (dun) 屯 fort, fortress, hillfort cf. dun, w: Dun hill, mound cf. wikt: dun #Etymology 7, dune See also: #둔치 (dun-chi, "dune") | hillfort English: dun #Etymology 4 Irish: dún Scottish Gaelic: dùn Welsh: din hill English: dun #Etymology 7 | Bird's-eye view of Verdun in 1638 |
| 둔치 (dun-chi) dune, sand dune, cf. thin See also 둔덕 (dun-deok) 두덩 (dudeong) | dune Dutch: duin French: dune Galician: duna German: Düne Italian: duna Korean: 둔(屯) (dun), 둔덕 (dundeok), 둔치 (dunchi), 모래톱 (moraetop), 사구(砂丘) (sagu) Norwegian: dyne Portuguese: duna Spanish: duna Swedish: dyn See also Bulgarian: дю́на (djúna) Czech: duna Finnish: dyyni Hungarian: dűne Russian: дю́на (djúna) thin Danish: tyn ? Dutch: dun English: thin German: dünn Norwegian: tynn Swedish: tunn | Dunes |
| 로래 (rorae) > 노래 (norae) song cf. Lorelei, maybe meaning "singing rock" | w: Lorelei "Lorelei, siren of Germanic mythology, of great beauty and delicious song, who was placed on a rock on the Rhine and with her song seduced the navigators. ..." Meanwhile, Etymology argues for "murmuring rock", sounding incoherent. | Lorelei |
| 말 (mal) language, speech | Norse Old Norse: mál Faroese: mál Icelandic: mál Danish: mål Norwegian: mål Swedish: mål See also Old English: mæl English: blackmail #Etymology | The Tower of Babel The Tower of Babel narrative in Genesis 11:1–9 is an origin myth meant to explain why the world's peoples speak different languages. Nevertheless, God confused no language; people have made so many! |
| 말 (mal) horse cf. mare large See also: mule | horse, mare Old English: mearh → mīere ("mare") Old Norse: marr → merr ("mare") Old Frisian: mar → Dutch: merrie ("mare") Old High German: marah → German: Mähre ("mare") Icelandic: mar → meri ("mare") Norwegian: merr ("mare") Swedish: märr ("mare") Irish: marc ("horse") Welsh: march ("horse") large #말거머리 (mal-geomeori) "horse leech" #말개미 (mal-gaemi) "horse ant" #말벌 (mal-beol) "horse bee" cf. Yiddish: פֿערדבין‎ (ferdbin) etc. mule Czech: mula Danish: muldyr Dutch: muildier Estonian: muul Finnish: muuli French: mule German: Maultier, Muli Italian: mulo Latin: mūlus Latvian: mūlis Lithuanian: mulas Norwegian: muldyr Old English: mūl Polish: muł Portuguese: mulo, mula Romanian: mul Russian: мул (mul) Slovak: mul Slovene: mula Spanish: mulo, mula Swedish: mula Ukrainian: мул (mul) | Man o' War (1917-1947) at the age of three a mule |
| 말거머리 (mal-geomeori) horse leech | Wiktionary Chinese: 馬蛭, 马蛭 (mǎzhì) Czechs: pijavka koňská Estonian: hobukaan Finnish: hevosjuotikas German: Pferdeegel Hungarian: lópióca Japanese: ウマヒル (umahiru) Korean: 말거머리 (malgeomeori) Norwegian: hesteigle Polish: pijawka końska Russian: конская пиявка f (kónskaja pijávka) Swedish: hästigel Vietnamese: đỉa trâu Wikipedia wikt: 馬蛭 #Chinese w: cs: Pijavka_koňská w: et: Hobukaan w: fi: Hevosjuotikas w: de: Pferdeegel w: hu: Lópióca Japanese: 馬蛭 wikt: 말거머리 #Korean w: no: Hesteigle w: pl: Pijawka_końska w: ru: ко́нская пия́вка w: sv: Hästigel hästigel wikt: đỉa trâu #Vietnamese | A horse leech |
| 말뫼 (mal-moe) huge tumulus cf. Malmö | | A huge tumulus in Malmö |
| 말밤 (mal-bam) 末栗 water caltrop aka. water chestnut *말밤 (mal-bam) *馬栗 horse chestnut | | A horse chestnut tree Horse chestnut fruits Water caltrop, aka. water chestnut (Trapa natans cf. Trapa japonica) fruits |
| 말벌 (mal-beol) hornet, lit. "horse bee" | 말벌 #Korean 말 (mal, "horse") + 벌 (beol, "bee") 馬蜂 #Chinese 馬 (mǎ, "horse") + 蜂 (fēng, "bee") морин зөгий #Mongolian морин (morin, "horse") + зөгий (zögij, "bee") eşek arısı #Turkish eşek (eşek, "mule") + arısı (arısı, "bee's") ձիաբոռ #Armenian ձի (ji, "horse") + ա (a, interfix) + բոռ (boṙ, "bee") lódarázs #Hungarian ló (ló, "horse") + darázs (darázs, "bee") shellan cabbyl #Manx shellan ("bee") + cabbyl ("horse") פֿערדבין #Yiddish פֿערד‎ (ferd, "horse") +‎ בין‎ (bin, "bee") *pferdebiene #German Pferd ("horse") + e + Biene ("bee") *horse bee #English horse ("horse") + bee ("bee") | A hornet or namely *horse-bee |
| 맘마 (mamma) pop | | |
| 못 (mot) pond See also 성밑못 (seong-mit-mot) 城下池 lit. "pond below defensive wall", hence moat #해자 (haeja) 垓子/垓字 moat, fosse, cf. Dutch haag "enclosure" boundary, edge, cf. hedge #방죽 (bangjuk) | pond Danish: dam Norwegian: dam Swedish: damm German: Teich Estonian: tiik Latvian: dīķis Korean: 방죽 (bangjuk) moat Icelandic: díki Irish: móta | A pond |
| 뫃다 (mot-da) > 모으다 (moeu-da) vt. to collect, gather, bring together cf. motte, mount, mound See also 모이다 (moi-da) vi. to come togather cf. meet | w: Motte-and-bailey castle A motte-and-bailey castle is a European fortification with a wooden or stone keep situated on a raised area of ground called a motte, accompanied by a walled courtyard, or bailey, surrounded by a protective ditch and palisade. | A reconstruction of York Castle in the 14th century. |
| 물 (mul) water cf. Latin mare See also #바다 (bada, "sea") | mare "sea" Belarusian: мо́ра (móra) Breton: mor Bulgarian: море́ (moré) Catalan: mar Czech: moře Estonian: meri Finnish: meri French: mer Galician: mar German: Meer Irish: muir Italian: mare Latin: mare Livonian: mer, mier Russian: мо́ре (móre) Serbo-Croatian: море (more) Slovak: more Slovene: morje Ukrainian: мо́ре (móre) | |
| 물레 (mulle) mill, spinning wheel | | |
| 바다 (bada) sea cf. Latin mare etc. See also: #물 (mul, "water") | sea Danish: sø, hav Dutch: zee German: See, Meer Norwegian: sjø, hav Swedish: sjö, hav | The sea. |
| 반달족 (bandal-jok) Vandal | | |
| #방죽 (bangjuk) 防築 dyke cf. German Deich pond cf. German Teich See also: #담 (dam) cf. dam #둑 (duk) cf. dyke #벽 (byeok) | | |
| 벽 (byeok) 壁 wall See also: 성벽 (城壁, seong-byeok, "defensive wall") #담 (dam) cf. dam #둑 (duk) cf. dyke #방죽 (bangjuk) | wall Danish: væg Icelandic: veggur Korean: 벽 (byeok) Norway: vegg Swedish: vägg | |
| 보풀 (bopul) fluff, fuzz, nap cf. Latin populus | people Latin: populus Manx: pobble Welsh: pobl poplar Latin: pōpulus Danish: poppel Dutch: populier Estonian: pappel Finnish: poppeli French: peuplier German: Pappel Italian: pioppo Manx: pobbyl Norwegian: poppel Swedish: poppel | The seeds of the poplar tree are easily dispersed by the wind, thanks to the fine hairs surrounding them. |
| 복 (bok) 腹 belly | belly Catalan: buc Danish: bug Dutch: buik English: bouk German: Bauch Irish: bolg Korean: 복(腹) (bok) Norwegian: buk Swedish: buk | The belly of a pregnant woman. |
| 불 (bul) fire cf. pyre | fire Ancient Greek: πῦρ (pûr) Old English: fȳr Danish: fyr Dutch: vuur German Feuer pyre Greek: πυρά (purá) Italian: pira Latin: pyra Portuguese: pira Spanish: pira See also Old English bæl Old Norse: bál Danish: bål (“pyre”) Icelandic: bál Norwegian: bål Swedish: bål (“pyre”) | Fire |
| 사랑 (sarang) reception hall, salon | Belarusian: сало́н (salón), зал (zal) Bulgarian: сало́н (salón), за́ла (zála) Chinese: 大廳 (dàtīng) Dutch: zaal English: salon, sala French: salon, salle German: Salon, Saal Finnish: salonki Hungarian: szalon Italian: salone, sala Korean: 사랑 (sarang) Norwegian: sal Portuguese: salão Russian: сало́н (salón), зал (zal) Spanish: salón, sala Swedish: salong, sal | Korean salon European 17th century salon |
| 술 (sul) liquor cf. sour | | |
| 시울 (siul) edge as of eyes and lips cf. shawl | | A woman wearing a shawl |
| 아들 (adeul) son | | |
| 오름 (oreum) mount (Jeju) | | |
| 왕게 (wang-ge) 王게 king crab, literally and actually | w: en: King crab - since circa 2004 w: da: Troldkrabbe w: de: Stein-_und_Königskrabben w: fi: Kiviravut w: fr: Lithodidae w: hu: Lithodidae w: is: N/A w: ja: タラバガニ科 w: ko: 왕게과 - since 2020 w: nl: Lithodidae w: no: Trollkreps w: sv: Trollkrabbor w: zh: 石蟹科 King crab Wiktionary Three entries Chinese: 皇帝蟹 (huángdìxiè) Finnish: kuningasrapu Navajo: chʼoshtsoh bikágí diwozhí | w: en: Red_king_crab - since 2020 w: da: N/A w: de: Königskrabbe w: fi: Kuningasrapu w: fr: Crabe_royal_du_Kamtchatka w: hu: Királyrák w: is: Rauði kóngakrabbi w: ja: タラバガニ w: ko: 왕게 - since 2016 w: nl: Rode_koningskrab w: no: Kongekrabbe w: sv: Kungskrabba w: zn: 堪察加擬石蟹 Red king crab Wiktionary No entry |
| 잉걸 (inggeol) ablazing charcoal cf. ingle "open fireplace" | | Ablazing charcoal |
| 자벌레 (ja-beolle) measuring worm inchworm spanworm geometrid Geometridae | Wiktionary Chinese: 尺蠖 (chǐhuò) Finnish: mittarimato Japanese: 尺蠖 (shakkaku) Korean: 자벌레 (jabeolle) Wikipedia w: ko: 자나방 w: ja: シャクガ科 w: zh: 尺蛾科 w: da: Målere w: de: Spanner_(Schmetterling) w: fi: Mittarit w: nl: Spanners w: no: Målere w: sv: Mätare w: es: Geometridae w: fr: Geometridae w: it: Geometridae w: la: Geometridae w: pt: Geometridae | Measuring worm Ruler |
| 지렁이 (jireong-i) earth worm rainworm | earthworm [地龍] Dutch: aardworm French: ver de terre German: Erdwurm Korean: 지렁이 (jireong'i) rainworm [雨龍] Old English: reġnwyrm Danish: regnorm Dutch: regenworm German: Regenwurm | Earthworm |
| 치우 (chiu) 蚩尤 Chiyou cf. Tuesday | | |
| 텽집 (tyeongjip) 廳집 > *청집 government house cf. Norse tinghus "courthouse" | | |
| 풀무 (pulmu) bellows, cf. Latin pulmo "lung" See also: belly | bellows Danish: blæsebælg Dutch: blaasbalg English: bellows cf. belly German: Blasebalg Norwegian: blåsebelg lung French: poumon Friulian: palmon Galician: pulmón Italian: polmone Latin: pulmo Occitan: palmon Portuguese: pulmão Spanish: pulmón | The bellows inhale and exhale as the lungs do. The lungs inhale and exhale as the bellows do. |
| 해자 (haeja) 垓子/垓字 moat, fosse, cf. Dutch haag "enclosure" boundary, edge, cf. hedge See also #못 (mot, "pond; fosse") | | What Nanjing looked like in the Ming Dynasty. Note its well-done defensive wall and moat. |
| 햇귀엣골 (haetqwietgol) halo, cf. wheel | wheel Old English: hwēol, hweogol Dutch: wiel Danish: hjul Icelandic: hjól Norwegian: hjul Swedish: hjul | A solar halo like a wheel |

### Footnotes

* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=덕
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/덕
* ↑ (Scotland, Northern England, obsolete) might, strength
* ↑ English infinitive prefix "to" replaced the suffixes of Middle English gon and Old English gān, which are equivalent to Dutch "-an", German "-en", and Korean "-다". What a revolution!
* ↑ The infinitive-marker "at" (infinitive-marker, obligatory when the infinitive functions as noun phrase or an adverbial phrase, but omitted when it is governed by a modal verb)
* ↑ "6. A narrow passage of water"
* ↑ You may be very unhappy with this vital idium, which has no Translations.
* ↑ What a coincidence it is that all wear glasses!
* ↑ Borrowed from English dam
* ↑ 덕 (德, deok)과 통용
* ↑ dike @ Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary an artufucial watercourse : DITCH a: (dial Brit) a wall or fence of turf or stone b: a bank usu. of earth constructed to control or confine water : LEVEE c: a barrier preventing passage esp. of something undirable a: a raised courseway b: a tabular body of igneous rock that has been injected while molten into a fissure
* ↑ dyke @ Wiktionary (historical) A long, narrow hollow dug from the ground to serve as a boundary marker. A long, narrow hollow dug from the ground to conduct water. (dialect) Any navigable watercourse. (dialect) Any watercourse. (dialect) Any small body of water. (obsolete) Any hollow dug into the ground. (now chiefly Australia, slang) A place to urinate and defecate: an outhouse or lavatory. An embankment formed by the creation of a ditch. (obsolete) A city wall. (now chiefly Scotland) A low embankment or stone wall serving as an enclosure and boundary marker. (dialect) Any fence or hedge. An earthwork raised to prevent inundation of low land by the sea or flooding rivers. (figuratively) Any impediment, barrier, or difficulty. A beaver's dam. (dialect) A jetty; a pier. A raised causeway. (dialect, mining) A fissure in a rock stratum filled with intrusive rock; a fault. (geology) A body of rock (usually igneous) originally filling a fissure but now often rising above the older stratum as it is eroded away.
* ↑ ditch @ Wiktionary A trench; a long, shallow indentation, as for irrigation or drainage. (Ireland) A raised bank of earth and the hedgerow on top. Translations "trench" Icelandic: díki Scottish Gaelic: dìg Swedish: dike
* ↑ Ditch @ Wikipedia A ditch is a small to moderate divot created to channel water. A ditch can be used for drainage, to drain water from low-lying areas, alongside roadways or fields, or to channel water from a more distant source for plant irrigation. [...] Etymology In Anglo-Saxon, the word dïc already existed and was pronounced "deek" in northern England and "deetch" in the south. The origins of the word lie in digging a trench and forming the upcast soil into a bank alongside it. This practice has meant that the name dïc was given to either the excavation or the bank, and evolved to both the words "dike"/"dyke" and "ditch". Thus Offa's Dyke is a combined structure and Car Dyke is a trench, though it once had raised banks as well. [...]
* ↑ Both are confused.
* ↑ Few cognates
* ↑ "The generally accepted theory of the earthwork attributes most of its construction to Offa, King of Mercia from 757 to 796."
* ↑ 진 둔 fort, fortress, hillfort 언덕 둔 hill
* ↑ Etymology reads "The term comes from Irish dún or Scottish Gaelic dùn (meaning "fort"), and is cognate with Old Welsh din (whence Welsh dinas "city" comes)." Then, Whence did English borrowed wikt: dun#Etymology 7 "A mound or small hill" and wikt: dune?
* ↑ Wikipedia w: ca: Dun_(topònim) w: de: Dun w: es: Dun_(toponimia) w: fr: Dun_(toponime) w: it: Dun (archeologia) w: ko: 둔 (건축물) w: nl: Dun_(fort) w: no: Dun_(bykkverk) w: pt: Dun Comments Relevant Korean editors seem to acknowledge Sino-Korean 둔(屯, dun), as English dun sounds IPA: /dʌn/. All the other (Western) languages may temporarily borrow English dun, which has few or no cognates.
* ↑ The name means "strong fort"
* ↑ 눈두덩 (nun-) "eyelid" 씹두덩 (ssip-) "mons veneris, mons pubis"
* ↑ ... Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”), from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”); related to Old English mæðel (“meeting, council”), mæl (“speech”) ...
* ↑ by Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1563)
* ↑ According to the story, a united human race in the generations following the Great Flood, speaking a single language and migrating eastward, comes to the land of Shinar. There they agree to build a city and a tower tall enough to reach heaven. God, observing their city and tower, confounds their speech so that they can no longer understand each other, and scatters them around the world.
* ↑ Cognates appear in almost all European languages.
* ↑ Man o' War won 20 of 21 races.
* ↑ This should be: ウマビル (umabiru).
* ↑ Uniquely related to "water buffalo" rather than "horse"
* ↑ ... meaning "gravel pile" ...
* ↑ Etymology: Probably a calque of Chinese 馬蜂 (mǎfēng).
* ↑ cf. Pferdeameise ("horse ant"), Pferdebremse ("horse fly"), Pferdeegel ("horse leech"), Pferdefliege ("horse fly").
* ↑ 물이 밀려들어 오는 것을 막기 위하여 쌓은 둑 (dyke) cf. German Deich 파거나, 둑으로 둘러막은 못 (pond) cf. German Teich
* ↑ This has no European cognate. And Etymology is strange. Therefore, it looks like a borrowing from Korean 못 (mot, "pond").
* ↑ Etymology From Middle English mote, from Old French mote (“mound, embankment”); compare also Old French motte (“hillock, lump, clod, turf”), from Medieval Latin mota (“a mound, hill”), of Germanic origin, ...
* ↑ Not attested
* ↑ Not attested
* ↑ w: Motte-and-bailey castle
* ↑ Etymology compare Latin saevus (“wild, fierce”) cf. Korean 세다 (se-da) "fierce"
* ↑ 물이 밀려들어 오는 것을 막기 위하여 쌓은 둑. (dyke) 파거나, 둑으로 둘러막은 못. (pond) European confusions of solid structure and liquid body English: dam Danish: dam Norwegian: dam Swedish: damm German: Deich, Teich Estonian: tiik Latvian: dīķis
* ↑ Etymology Old English belg, bælg, bæliġ (“bag, pouch, bulge”), [...] Cognate with Dutch balg, German Balg, Danish bælg. Doublet of bellows, blague, bulge and budge. See also bellows.
* ↑ cf. #텽집 (廳집 tyeong-jip)
* ↑ Some readers may miss w: is: Kóngakrabbi.
* ↑ Some readers may prefer the common nomenclature w: nl: Koningskrab to this sophistication.
* ↑ "This article uses bare URLs, which are uninformative and vulnerable to link rot. Please consider converting them to full citations to ensure the article remains verifiable and maintains a consistent citation style. Several templates and tools are available to assist in formatting, such as Reflinks (documentation), reFill (documentation) and Citation bot (documentation). (August 2022)"
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/잉걸 blaze, flare, glare, ingle (as of charcoal, etc.)
* ↑ Namely, Binchōtan
* ↑ Corruption of 지룡(地龍), lit. "earth dragon"
* ↑ Old English wyrm "worm; snake; dragon" hence "earth dragon"
* ↑ cf. 우룡(雨龍), lit. "rain dragon"
* ↑ 雨龍・螭龍 (あまりょう) 精選版 日本国語大辞典の解説 中国における想像上の動物。雨を起こすといわれる。龍の一種で、とかげに似ているが、大形で、角がなく、尾は細く、全身青黄色という。うりょう。あまりゅう。みずち。
* ↑ 3. (informal or archaic) The lungs.
* ↑ The idea of "bellows" is related to "belly" in Germanic and more properly to "lung" in Latin.
* ↑ bellows#Etymology 1 See also belly

## 뜻
### Noun

* 무엇을 하겠다고 속으로 먹는 마음. 말이나 글, 또는 어떠한 행동 따위로 나타내는 속내. 어떠한 일이나 행동이 지니는 가치나 중요성.
    intention; meaning, signification; significance

### Compounds

* 뜻하다 (-hada, "to intend, mean, signify")
* 뜻맞다 (-majda, "to agree; to be of a mind")
* 뜻대로 (-daero, "at will, in one's own way"
* 뜻밖 (-bakk, "surprise, accidence")

### Relatives

* 말 (mal, "speech, language")
* 말씀 (mal-sseum, honorific "speech, language")
* 말뜻 (mal-tteut, "linguistic meaning")
* 띠앗 (ttiat, "brotherhood, fraternity, friendliness") cf. theodism

### Inventions

* 덕의지 (德意志, deog-uiji) (Chinese)
* 독일 (獨逸, dog-il) (Japanese)
* 도이치 (道理致, 導理致, doichi) (new Korean)

### Comparatives

Proto-Germanic *þiudijaną :
| (transitive, +instrumental) to associate (with); engage with; attach to; join (with); connect to interpret; point out; explain Etymology Origin obscure. Possibly a conflated word, partly from *þeudō (“people”), ...; and partly from *þeudjaz, *þiudiz (“good, friendly”), ... ||
| Descendants ||
| Old High German: diuten German: deuten to interpret (e.g. dreams) to point at (with auf + accusative) Middle Dutch: dieden, duden to explain to mean, to signify to tell (with a negative) to be valid (with a negative) to be helpful, useful Dutch: duiden (transitive) to point to, refer to, suggest (transitive) to explain, clarify Old English: þīedan, þēodan to join, attach to join, associate with, or attach one's self to somebody or somebody's group | Old Norse: þýða to explain, interpret to signify Danish: tyde interpret decipher, read Faroese: týða to translate Icelandic: þýða (transitive, takes the accusative) to translate a language to mean, to signify Norwegian: tyde, tyda to interpret, decipher to mean to indicate Swedish: tyda to interpret; to understand the meaning of to indicate; to give a hint about an otherwise unknown fact |

## 노래
### Noun

* 가사에 곡조를 붙여 목소리로 부를 수 있게 만든 음악. 또는 그 음악을 목소리로 부름.
    song, singing.

### Compounds

* 노래방 (-bang, "karaoke" literally "singing room" popular in South Korea)
* 노랫말 (-mal, "lyrics")

### Comparatives

* Lorelei #English
    Etymology
    Borrowed from German Lorelei (“siren of Rhine”), not used as a given name in Germany.
* Lorelei § Etymology
    The name comes from the old German words lureln, Rhine dialect for 'murmuring', and the Celtic term ley "rock". The translation of the name would therefore be: 'murmur rock' or 'murmuring rock'. [...] Other theories attribute the name to the many boating accidents on the rock, by combining the German verb lauern ('to lurk, lie in wait') with the same "ley" ending, with the translation "lurking rock".
* Siren § Appearance
    The first-century Roman historian Pliny the Elder discounted Sirens as a pure fable, [...] In his notebooks, Leonardo da Vinci wrote, "The siren sings so sweetly that she lulls the mariners to sleep; then she climbs upon the ships and kills the sleeping mariners."
* Siren § Christian belief and modern reception
    By the fourth century, when pagan beliefs were overtaken by Christianity, the belief in literal sirens was discouraged. [...]
    The early Christian euhemerist interpretation of mythologized human beings received a long-lasting boost from Isidore's Etymologiae:
       [The Greeks] imagine that "there were three Sirens, part virgins, part birds," with wings and claws. "One of them sang, another played the flute, the third the lyre. They drew sailors, decoyed by song, to shipwreck. According to the truth, however, they were prostitutes who led travelers down to poverty and were said to impose shipwreck on them." They had wings and claws because Love flies and wounds. [...]
* Mermaid § Origins
    The sirens of Greek mythology (especially the Odyssey), conceived of as half-bird and half-woman, gradually shifted to the image of a fish-tailed woman. [...]
    Some attributes of Homer's sirens, such as the enticement of men and their beautiful song, also became attached to the mermaid.
* Angel § Interaction
** In Luke 22:43 an angel comforts Jesus Christ during the Agony in the Garden.
** Pope John Paul II emphasized the role of angels in Catholic teachings in his 1986 address titled "Angels Participate In History Of Salvation", in which he suggested that modern mentality should come to see the importance of angels.
** According to the Vatican's Congregation for Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments, "The practice of assigning names to the Holy Angels should be discouraged, except in the cases of Gabriel, Raphael and Michael whose names are contained in Holy Scripture."
* Angel § Islam
    In Islam, just like in Judaism and Christianity, angels are often represented in anthropomorphic forms combined with supernatural images, such as wings, being of great size or wearing heavenly articles. The Quran describes them as "messengers with wings -- two, or three, or four (pairs): He [God] adds to Creation as He pleases..." Common characteristics for angels are their missing needs for bodily desires, such as eating and drinking. Their lack of affinity to material desires is also expressed by their creation from light: Angels of mercy are created from nur (cold light) in opposition to the angels of punishment created from nar (hot light).

## 들
### Noun

    (Dually comparative definition)
* (들 cf. dale) 매우 넓게 트인 또는 드러난 펀펀한 땅. 들판.
* (벌 cf. vale) 조금 넓게 트인 또는 벌어진 판판한 땅. 벌판.

### Compounds

    (Related to the wide wilderness, or dale rather than vale)
* 들꽃 (-kkoch, "wild flower")
* 들국화 (-gughwa, "wild chrysanthemum")
* 들장미 (jangmi, "wild rose")
* 들쥐 (-jwi, "wild rat")
* 들짐승 (deul-jimseung, "wild, feral animal" like a deer)

### Synomyms

* 벌 (beol, "vale, valley")
* 골짜기 (goljjagi, "valley")
* 스텝 (seuteb, "steppe")
* 와디 (wadi, "wadi")

### Comparatives

¶ Wide steppe vs. narrow wadi
| steppe #Translations | wadi #Translations |
| Bashkir: дала (dala) Kazakh: дала (dala) Kyrgyz: талаа (talaa) Mongolian: тал (tal) Tatar: дала (dala) & Georgian: ველი (veli) | Catalan: uadi Czech: vádí Dutch: wadi English: wadi <!-- German: Wadi --> Finnish: vadi French: oued Hungarian: vádi Italian: uadi Polish: ued |
¶ valley meaning "an elongated depression between hills or mountains, often with a river flowing through it."
| Azerbaijani: dərə / vadi Belarusian: далі́на (dalína) Bulgarian: доли́на (dolína) Czech: dolina Danish: dal Dutch: dal / vallei English: dale / valley, vale Faroese: dalur German: Tal * Pennsylvania German: Daal / Waelli Gothic: 𐌳𐌰𐌻 (dal) Hunsrik: Daal Icelandic: dalur Kurdish: دۆڵ‎ (doll) * Northern Kurdish: dehl Luxembourgish: Dall Macedonian: долина (dolina) Mongolian: тал (tal) Norwegian: dal Old Church Slavonic: долъ (dolŭ) Old Norse: dalr Pashto: دره‎ (dará) Persian: دره‎ (darre) / وادی‎ (vâdi) Polish: dolina Russian: доли́на (dolína) Serbo-Croatian: долина (dolina) Slovak: dolina Slovene: dolína Upper Sorbian: doł Swedish: dal Tajik: дара (dara) / водӣ (vodī) Turkmen: dere Ukrainian: доли́на (dolýna) West Frisian: dal Yiddish: טאָל‎ (tol) | Aromanian: vale Asturian: valle Azerbaijani: vadi / dərə Catalan: vall Dutch: vallei / dal English: valley, vale / dale French: vallée, val Friulian: val Galician: val Hindi: वादी (vādī) Hungarian: völgy Italian: valle Latin: valles, vallis Norman: vallée Novial: vale Occitan: val Old French: valee Pennsylvania German: Waelli / Daal Persian: وادی‎ (vâdi) / دره‎ (darre) Portuguese: vale Romanian: vale Romansch: val Sardinian: badde, baddi, vadde Sicilian: vaddi, valli Spanish: valle Tajik: водӣ (vodī) / дара (dara) Turkish: vadi Urdu: وادی‎ (vādī) Uyghur: ۋادى‎ (wadi) Uzbek: vodiy Venetian: val, vałe |

## 미르
### Noun

* ‘용’의 옛말.
    (obsolete) The oriental dragon with a very long body.

### Synonyms

* 용 (龍, yong, North Korean ryong, Chinese long cf. English long)

### Compounds

* 미리내 (miri-nae, "Milky Way," literally "Dragon River")

### Relatives

* 물 (mul, "water, body of water, esp. river")

### Comparatives

    (The mysterious Eurasian uses)
* mirus #Latin "marvelous, wonderful, amazing, awesome"
* miror #Latin "to admire, wonder at"
* mirer #French "to watch, stare"
* mirage #French "mirage"
* miroir #French "mirror"
* admirer #French "to admire"
* amiral #French "admiral"
* emir #French "emir"
* मीर (mir) # Hindi "(historical) Mir: title used by Muslim rulers of princely states"
* मीर (mira) # Sanskrit "sea, ocean"
* कश्मीर (kashmir) # Hindi : See Etymology through!

### From Wikipedia

* Amir al-Mu'minin (...) is an Arabic title that is usually translated "Commander of the Faithful" or "Leader of the Faithful".
* The Gur-e-Amīr or Guri Amir (...‎) is a mausoleum of the Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur (also known as Tamerlane) in Samarkand, Uzbekistan. [...] Gur-e Amir is Persian for "Tomb of the King".
* Mir Osman Ali Khan, ..., was the last Nizam (ruler) of the Princely State of Hyderabad, the largest princely state in British India.
* Kashmir would be derived from either kashyapa-mir (Kashyapa's Lake) or kashyapa-meru (Kashyapa's Mountain).
* Suleiman the Magnificent, Padishah of the Ottoman Empire.
* Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, Shahanshah of Iran from 1941 to 1979
* Mao Zedong
* Deng Xiaoping
* Kim Jong-un

## 구름
### Noun

* 공기 중의 수분이 엉기어서 미세한 물방울이나 얼음 결정의 덩어리가 되어 공중에 떠 있는 것.
    cloud

### Comparatives

* Adapted from thunder #Translations
* Indonesian: guruh
* Malay: guruh
* Kazakh: күркіреу (kürkirew)
* Kyrgyz: күркүрөө (kürküröö)
* Belarusian: гром (hrom)
* Bulgarian: гръм (grǎm)
* Czech: hrom
* Polish: grom
* Russian: гром (grom)
* Serbo-Croatian: гром (grom)
* Slovak: hrom
* Slovene: grom

### Toward the etymology of 구름 (gureum, "cloud")

* roll
** A heavy, reverberatory sound.
*** There was a roll of thunder and the rain began to pour down.
* rollen #German
** to roll
** to thunder
* grollen #German
** to rumble, grumble, growl
** to roll, thunder
* grumeln #German (frequentative)
** to grumble (make a low sound, as of a discontent person, an empty stomach, a distant thunderstorm)

### See also

* 구르다 (gureuda, "to roll" cf. German grollen)
* 우르렁 (ureureong, "grumbling" as of thunder)
* 으르렁 (eureureong, "growling" as of lions )
* 그르렁 (geureureong "gurgling" as of cats )

## 벼락
### Noun

* 공중의 전기와 땅 위의 물체에 흐르는 전기 사이에 방전 작용으로 일어나는 자연 현상.
** thunderbolt (thunder + lightning) from thunderstorm
** thundercrack cf. Icelandic þórduna, Swedish tordön, lit. "Thor's crack"

### Synonyms

| Korean | Sino-Korean |
| 번개 (beon-gae, "lightning") 우레 (ure, "thunder") | 천둥 (天動, cheondung, "thunder") 뇌우 (雷雨, noe-u, "thunderstorm") |

### Compounds

* 돈벼락 (don-, "blessing with money")
* 벼락부자 (-buja, "an overnight millionaire")

### Relatives

* 벼랑 (byeorang, "precipice")
* 벼룩 (byeorug, "flea")

### Comparatives

| Adapted from lightning #Translations | Adapted from thunder #Translations |
| Akkadian: 𒉏𒄈 (birqu) Arabic: بَرْق‎ (barq) Aramaic: ܒܪܩܐ‎ (barqā) Ge'ez: በረቀ (bäräḳä) Tigre: በርቅ (bärḳ) Hebrew: בָּרָק‎ (barák) Korean: 벼락 (byeorak) Persian: برق‎ (barq) Somali: biriq Tajik: барқ (barq) Ugaritic: 𐎁𐎗𐎖 (brq) Uyghur: بەرق‎ (berq) | Indonesian: guruh Malay: guruh Kazakh: күркіреу (kürkirew) Kyrgyz: күркүрөө (kürküröö) Belarusian: гром (hrom) Bulgarian: гръм (grǎm) Czech: hrom Polish: grom Russian: гром (grom) Serbo-Croatian: гром (grom) Slovak: hrom Slovene: grom |

### See also

* 구름 (gureum, "cloud") as the phenomenal source of 벼락 "thunderbolt"
* 구르다 (gureuda, "to roll") as the onomatopoeic source of 구름 "cloud"

## 한물
### Noun

* 홍수. 비가 많이 와서 강이나 개천에 갑자기 크게 불은 물.
    flood, deluge, or a great body of water.

### Synonyms

* 큰물 (keunmul)
* 홍수 (hongsu)

### Comparatives

* Hammurabi, maybe a compound of 한물 (hanmul, "flood") + 아비 (abi, "father").

## 물
### Noun

* 자연계에 강, 호수, 바다, 지하수 따위의 형태로 널리 분포하는 액체. 순수한 것은 빛깔, 냄새, 맛이 없고 투명하다. 산소와 수소의 화학적 결합물로, 어는점 이하에서는 얼음이 되고 끓는점 이상에서는 수증기가 된다. 공기와 더불어 생물이 살아가는 데 없어서는 안 될 중요한 물질이다.
    water
* 못, 내, 호수, 강, 바다 따위를 두루 이르는 말.
    a body of water, eg., pond, lake, brook, river, sea, etc.

### Synonyms

* 바다 (bada, "sea, mere")
* 호수 (hosu, "lake, mere")
* 못 (mot, "moat, pond")
* 시내 (sinae, "brook")
* 내 (nae, "river")
* 강 (gang, "river")

### Antonyms

* 불 (bul, "fire" cf. Dutch vuur)
* 불바다 (bul-bada, lit. "fire sea" cf. Dutch vuurzee)

### Compounds

* 물바다 (-bada, "flood" lit. "water sea" or "sea of water")
* 바닷물 (badat-, "sea water")
* 호수물 (hosu-, "lake water")
* 시냇물 (sinaet-, "brook water")
* 강물 (gang-, "river water")
* 눈물 (nun-, "tears")
* 콧물 (kot-, "snot, snuff, snival, drivel, nose dripping, nose runnings")
* 큰물 (keun-, "flood")
* 한물 (han-, "flood")

### Relatives

* 묽다 (mulgda, "to be watery")
* 무르다 (mureuda, "to be soft, tender, flabby")
* 마르다 (mareuda, "to dry")
* 미르 (mireu, "dragon")
* 미리내 (miri-nae, "Milky Way" lit. "dragon river")

### Maxims

* 관해난수 (觀海難水, gwanhaenansu)
    To see the sea makes it hard to talk about water.
    The more I see the sea, the harder I say water.

### Comparatives

sea #Translations :
| Germanic & Latinic | Slavic & Others |
| Germanic Danish: sø Dutch: meer, zee English: mere, sea Scots: se German: Meer, See Faroese: sjógvur Icelandic: sjór Norwegian: sjø Swedish: sjö Latinic Aragonese: mar Asturian: mar Catalan: mar Corsican: mari French: mer Friulian: mâr Galician: mar Italian: mare Latin: mare Occitan: mar Portuguese: mar Romanian: mare Sardinian: mare Sicilian: mari Spanish: mar Venetian: mar | Slavic Aromanian: mari Belarusian: мо́ра (móra) Bulgarian: море́ (moré) Czech: moře Macedonian: море (more) Polish: morze Russian: мо́ре (móre) Rusyn: мо́ре (móre) Serbo-Croatian: море (more) Slovak: more Slovene: morje Sorbian: mórjo Udmurt: море (more) Ukrainian: мо́ре (móre) Others Breton: mor Cornish: mor Dalmatian: mur Estonian: meri Finnish: meri Irish: muir Karelian: meri Livonian: mer Manx: mooir Sami: mearra Scottish Gaelic: muir Veps: meri Welsh: môr |

## 불
### Noun

* 물질이 산소와 화합하여 높은 온도로 빛과 열을 내면서 타는 것.
    fire

### Antonyms

* 물 (mul, "water, body of water")

### Comparatives

    Adapted from wikt: fire #Translations & #Etymology
| Germanic | Nordic | Others |
| Dutch: vuur English: fire Old English: fȳr, bæl German: Feuer Old High German: fiur Alemannic German: Füür Limburgish: vuur | Danish: bål Icelandic: bál Old Norse: bál Norwegian: bål Swedish: bål | Greek: φωτιά (fotiá) Ancient: πῦρ (pûr) Korean: 불 (bul) Tocharian A: por Tocharian B: puwar |

### See also

* 불다 (bulda, "to blow")

## 불다
### Verb

* 바람이 일어나서 어느 방향으로 움직이다.
    (for the wind) to blow
* 입을 오므리고 날숨을 내어보내어, 입김을 내거나 바람을 일으키다.
    to blow (the fire, wind intrument, etc.), to produce an air current, to propel by an air current.

### Relatives

* 불 (bul, "fire")
* 풀무 (pulmu, "bellows")
* 바람 (baram, "wind")

### Comparatives

From blow #Translations :
| Germanic Dutch: blazen English: blow German: blasen Old Frisian: blā | Nordic Danish: blæse Faroese: blása Norwegian: Swedish: blåsa |

## 풀무
### Noun

* 불을 피울 때에 바람을 일으키는 기구.
** bellows

### Relatives

| 불 (bul, "fire") 바람 (baram, "wind" ie air flow) 부레 (bure, "bladder") 부아 (bua, "lung") 볼 (bol, "cheek; ball (of thumb, feet, shoes, etc.)" 볼기 (bolgi, "buttocks") 볼록 (bollok, "convex") (mild, weak imitative) 불룩 (bollok, "convex") (wild, strong imitative) | 불다 (bulda, "to blow") 부르다 (bureuda, "to swell, bulge" adj. "to be full, bulging") 부풀다 (bupulda, "to swell, bulge") 불리다 (bullida, "to make (something) swell; to make (iron) hardened") 불거지다 (bulgeojida, "to bulge") |

### Comparatives

* Latin pulmo ("lung")
* Latin follis ("bellows")
* Latin bulga ("leather bag, knapsack, purse, wallet, womb")
* Dutch balg ("leather bag, bellows, belly, body!")
* English bulge
* English belly
* English bellows
* English blower
* English blow
Korean/Words/불룩

## 펄럭
### Adverb

* 깃발 따위가 바람에 이리저리 나부끼는 소리든 꼴이든 둘다든.
    (imitative) In such a way that something like a flag is flapping or fluttering in (or as blown by) the wind.
    This serves as the stem of the following frequentatives:
** 펄럭펄럭 (-peoleok) adv. (reduplication)
** 펄럭이다 (-ida) v.
** 펄럭대다 (-daeda) v.
** 펄럭거리다 (-georida) v.

### Comparatives

* flag #English and Germanic and Slavic translations
| Danish: flag Dutch: vlag English: flag German: Flagge Icelandic: flagg Norwegian: flagg Swedish: flagga | Belarusian: флаг (flah) Bulgarian: флаг (flag) Czech: vlajka Polish: flaga Russian: флаг (flag) |
* fly #English and Germanic translations
| Danish: flyve Icelandic: fljúga Norwegian: flyge Swedish: flyga | Dutch: vliegen German: fliegen Low German: flegen West Frisian: fleane | Old English: flēogan English: fly |
* flock #English, etc.
* flock (n.1)
* Old English flocc "a group of persons, company, troop," related to Old Norse flokkr "crowd, troop, band," Middle Low German vlocke "crowd, flock (of sheep);" of unknown origin, not found in other Germanic languages; perhaps related to folc "people," but the metathesis would have been unusual for Old English.
* folk #English, etc.
* folk (n)
* folk (n.)
* Old English folc "common people, laity; men; people, nation, tribe; multitude; troop, army," from Proto-Germanic *fulka- (source also of Old Saxon folc, Old Frisian folk, Middle Dutch volc, Dutch volk, Old High German folc, German Volk "people"). Perhaps originally "host of warriors:" Compare Old Norse folk "people," also "army, detachment;" and Lithuanian pulkas "crowd," Old Church Slavonic pluku "division of an army" (hence Russian polk "regiment")
* bird #English, and Germanic translations
| Danish: fugl Icelandic: fugl Norwegian: fugl Swedish: fågel | Dutch: vogel German: Vogel Low German: Vagel West Frisian: fûgel | Old English: fugol English: fowl Old English: bridd English: bird |

### See also

* 보풀 (bopul, "fluff")

## 보풀
### Noun

* 종이나 헝겊 따위의 거죽에 부풀어 일어나는 몹시 가는 털.
    fluff

### Relatives

* 포플러 (popeulleo) from poplar
* 포퓰러 (popyulleo) from popular
* 포플린 (popullin) from poplin
* 뽀뿌링 (ppoppuring) likely from Japanese pronunciation

### Comparatives

* poplar
* popular
* people
* folk (somewhat remotely)
* fluff

### Uses

* 보풀이 펄럭이다
    bopul-i peolleok-ida
    Fluffs are fluffing.

### See also

* 부풀다 (bupul-da, "to swell")
* 펄럭 (peolleok, "flapping, fluttering")

## 부풀다
### Verb

* 살가죽이 붓거나 부르터 오르다.
    to swell
* 종이나 헝겊 따위의 거죽에 부풀이 일어나다.
    to get fluffy, fuzzy, nappy, shaggy

### Synonyms

* 붓다 (bus-da, "to swell")

### Relatives

* 보풀 (bopul, "fluff, nap")

### Comparatives

| "bosom" | "lip" |
| boezem #Dutch bosom #English Busen #German bosm, #Old English βυζί #Greek (vyzí) | buzë #Albanian bus #Irish buză #Romanian |

### See also

* 보풀 (bopul, "fluff, nap")

## 맑다
### Adjective

* 잡스럽고 탁한 것이 섞이지 아니하다. 구름이나 안개가 끼지 아니하여 햇빛이 밝다.
    to be fresh, clear, sunny

### Doublets

* 말갛다 (malgah-da, "to be highly clear, clean, fresh")
* 묽다 (mulg-da, "to be dilute, watery, of thin solution")

### Relatives

* 물 (mul, "water")

### Comparatives

| From morning #Translations | From pearl #Translations |
| Danish: morgen Dutch: morgen English: morning Middle English: morwe Old English: morgen Faroese: morgun German: Morgen Icelandic: morgunn Norwegian: morgen, morgon Swedish: morgon | Armenian: մարգարիտ (margarit) Avar: маргъал (marġal) Azerbaijani: mirvari, cf. Persian Bulgarian: маргари́т (margarít) Georgian: მარგალიტი (margaliṭi) Greek: μαργαριτάρι (margaritári) Italian: margarita Latin: margarita Medieval Latin: perla (mid-13c.) Old English: meregrot Pashto: مرغلره‎ (murghalara) Persian: مروارید‎ (morvârid) |

### See also

* 밝다 (balg-da, "to be bright, to dawn")
* 이울다 (iul-da, "to wane, wither, fade")

## 이울다
### Verb

* 꽃이나 잎이 시들다. 해나 달의 빛이 약해지거나 스러지다.
    to wane, wither, fade

### Attributives

* 이운 (iun)
* ㅇㅣᄫㅡㄴ (iveun) obsolete

### Synonyms

* 시들다 (sideul-da, "(for flowers, leaves) to wane, wither")
* 저물다 (jeomul-da, "(for the sun) to set, (for it) to grow dark")

### Antonyms

* 밝아지다 (balg-ajida, "to get brighter")
* 맑아지다 (malg-ajida, "to get clearer, fresher") cf. German Morgen "morning"

### Comparatives

* Danish: aften
* Dutch: avond
* English: evening
* German: Abend
* Norwegian: aften
* Swedish: afton

### See also

* 맑다 (malg-da, "to be clear, fresh")
* 밝다 (balg-da, "to be bright, (for the day or it) to dawn")
* 밝쥐 (balg-jwi, "bat" lit. "bright-eyed rat")
* 명일 (明日, meong-il, "tomorrow")

## Footnotes

* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=뜻
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/뜻
* ↑ Linguistics centers around this abstract concept, namely, semantics.
* ↑ which may literally mean "singing rock" rather than "murmuring rock".
* ↑ In 1824, Heinrich Heine wrote one of his most famous poems, "Die Lorelei". It describes the eponymous female as a sort of siren who, sitting on the cliff above the Rhine and combing her golden hair, unwittingly distracted shipmen with her beauty and song, causing them to crash on the rocks. In 1837, Friedrich Silcher set this lyrics to music, when the Nazy Germany was rising and Jewish Heine was falling.
* ↑ The Agony in the Garden of Gethsemane was an event in the life of Jesus from the New Testament, between the Farewell Discourse at the conclusion of the Last Supper and Jesus' arrest.
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=노래
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/노래
* ↑ Yet there is no wikt: Lorelei #German since 2016!
* ↑ This etymology would not see Lorelei as a compound of lore "murmuring" and lei "rock" but as a German equivalent or Rhenish kind of Siren, hence no sense of either "murmuring" or "singing".
* ↑ cf. Korean 노을 (no-eul, "evening light") and 날 (nal, "daylight")
* ↑ "A valley, especially in the form of a natural hollow, small and deep."
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=들
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/들
* ↑ Indeed, the deer is representative of the feral rather than general animals.
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=와디 건조 지역에서, 평소에는 마른 골짜기이다가 큰비가 내리면 홍수가 되어 물이 흐르는 강.
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=미르
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/미르
* ↑ Hence, suggestive of the river as a long body of water.
* ↑ 龍 용(龍: 상상의 동물) dragon, the imaginary creature. 임금, 천자(天子) king, the son of the heaven ...
* ↑ late 14c. loan-translation of Latin Via lactea
* ↑ Etymology From Old French amirail, amiral, from Arabic أَمِير اَلْبَحْر‎ (ʾamīr al-baḥr, “commander of the fleet”).
* ↑ emir a prince, commander or other leader or ruler in an Islamic nation. a descendant of the prophet Muhammad. Etymology From Old French emir, from Arabic أَمِير‎ (ʾamīr, “commander, prince”). Akin to amir, Amir and admiral. Doublet of amira. Derived terms emirate
* ↑ EtymologyBorrowed from Persian میر‎ (mir), from Arabic أَمِير‎ (ʾamīr). Doublet of wikt: अमीर (amīr).
* ↑ Portrait attributed to Titian (circa 1530)
* ↑ The last ruler to hold the title of shah
* ↑ You miss a thundercrack here.
* ↑ performed by the U.S. Navy Band
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=구름
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/구름
* ↑ Onomatopoeia
* ↑ Onomatopoeia reduplicative
* ↑ roll (v.) "Of sounds (such as thunder) somehow suggestive of a rolling ball, 1590s; of a drum from 1680s."
* ↑ frequentative
* ↑ The "roll" is what 구르다 is in itself.
* ↑ Cognates include Dutch rollen, English roll, etc.
* ↑ Der Donner rollt, oder, grollt.
* ↑ Cognates include Dutch grollen, English growl, etc.
* ↑ Cognates include Dutch gromelen, French grommeler, English grumble, etc.
* ↑ You miss a thundercrack here.
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=벼락
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/벼락
* ↑ The Korean order is also thunder followed by lightning as "천둥번개". But the natural order is lightening followed by thunder, of course.
* ↑ (mimic) cf. 번쩍
* ↑ (onomatopoeic) See also 우르렁 (ureureong, "thundering sound") cf. 으르렁 (eureureong, "deep roaring sound as of the lion") 구름 (gureum, "cloud" as the source of lightning and thunder) cf. 구르다 (gureuda, "to roll")
* ↑ 번개우레 is proposed to replace 천둥번개. However, 벼락 is everything anyway!
* ↑ 천둥과 번개를 동반하는 대기 중의 방전 현상.
* ↑ 천둥과 번개를 동반한 비.
* ↑ 갑자기 한꺼번에 생긴 많은 돈을 비유적으로 이르는 말.
* ↑ Etymology Barak ברק means lightning in Hebrew. Barcas, the surname of the famous Hamilcar Barca, is the Punic equivalent of the name.
* ↑ which killed around 140,000 people.
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=한물
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/한물
* ↑ Etymology (Etymonline) Old English sæ "sheet of water, sea, lake, pool," from Proto-Germanic *saiwa- (...), of unknown origin ... (Wiktionary) probably ... from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ey-wo- (“to be fierce, afflict”) (compare Latin saevus (“wild, fierce”) ... cf. Korean 세다 (se-da, "to be strong, powerful") (This project) English sea and the like may not mean "sheet of water" (Etymonline) but "seat of water," hence cognate with See of Holy See, both derived from Latin sedes (“seat”) related to Latin verb sedere (“to sit”).
* ↑ This largest division of the world ocean covers about 46% of Earth's water surface and about 32% of its total surface area, making it 3% larger than all of Earth's land area combined.
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=물
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/물
* ↑ 표준국어사전 여리고 단단하지 않다. 물기가 많아서 단단하지 않다.
* ↑ European cognates for "sea" is spread so wide.
* ↑ A village on fire by Franciszek Kostrzews (1862) Paintings in the National Museum in Warsaw
* ↑ Literally, it is fire!
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=불
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/불
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=불다
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/불다
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=풀무
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/풀무
* ↑ Instead of the bellows, you may use your cheek and mouth as well as lungs to blow the fire.
* ↑ (informal, archaic) the lungs
* ↑ Antonym: 오목 (omog, "concave")
* ↑ Antonym: 우묵 (umug, "concave")
* ↑ Accordion § Bellows The bellows is the most recognizable part of the instrument, and the primary means of articulation. The production of sound in an accordion is in direct proportion to the motion of the bellows by the player. In a sense, the role of the bellows can be compared to the role of moving a violin's bow on bowed strings. For a more direct analogy, the bellows can be compared to the role of breathing for a singer.
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=펄럭
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/펄럭
* ↑ Note: flock #Etymology 2 ("tufts of wool or cotton")
* ↑ Now fowl replaced by bird since 14th c.
* ↑ Compare with poultry, i.e., "domestic fowl (e.g. chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese) raised for food (either meat or eggs)." Then what is the fowl in itself?
* ↑ bridd, brid "young bird, chick" > bird
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=보풀
* ↑ Korean 보풀 (bopul) itself is a reduplication; it is even doubled as 보풀보풀 (bopul-bopul).
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/보풀
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=부풀다
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/부풀다
* ↑ w: Princess Margaret (disambiguation)
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=맑다
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/맑다
* ↑ 산뜻하게 (기분이나 느낌이 깨끗하고 시원하게) 맑다.
* ↑ While quite exceptional, morning and evening are enough to let know that both stem from verbs. Mostly, such is the case with the other Germanic.
* ↑ From Latin margarīta, from Ancient Greek μαργαρίτης (margarítēs), from a loanword of Eastern origin.
* ↑ From Greek, to Italian margarita
* ↑ While being "of unknown origin," this has overcast Europe.
* ↑ The ideas of "sunset" and "evening" overlap, as the former is implied in the latter (verbal).
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=이울다
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/이울다
* ↑ cf. morning, (to)morrow
* ↑ Morgen, morgen
* ↑ cf. German Morgenfrisch lit. "morning fresh"
* ↑ Literally, "bright day; next day"