OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Maceria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MACER'IA (μάκελον). A rough wall or enclosure to a vineyard, garden, paddock, &c. (Isidor. Orig. xv. 9. 4. Cic. Fam. xvi. 18.) These were either made of irregular stones, put together without mortar (Serv. ad Virg. Georg. ii. 417.), or sometimes of brick, both baked and raw; as well as of earth and small stones rammed into moulds, like what is now termed pisé. Varro, R. R. i. 14. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Machaera

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MACHAERA (μάχαιρα). A sword which has only one edge (Isidor. Orig. xviii. 6. 2.); consequently, in an especial manner adapted for cutting rather than thrusting; as the passages in which the word occurs, with any context to illustrate the manner of using it, also distinctly imply an operation like that of chopping or cleaving. (Plaut. Mil. ii. 5. 51. Suet. Claud. 15. Senec. Ben. v. 24.) By the Homeric Greeks it was worn next to the sword-sheath, and employed as a hunting-knife, for sacrificing animals, and cutting up meat at table; but it came originally from the Oriental nations, who are especially characterised for the use of it (Aesch. Pers. 56.). It is, moreover, distinguished from the leaf-shaped, two-edged, cutting and thrusting sword (ξίφος, gladius, Xen. Symp. ii. 10. Plato, Symp. p. 190. A.). All these circumstances induce a belief that the machaera was similar to the hunting-knife (culter venatorius); and that its peculiar form is exhibited in the annexed woodcut (Machaera/1.1) from an engraved gem (Agostini, ii. 26.), on which it is used by a gladiator, evidently of a foreign race; as it likewise is by a bestiarius contending with a leopard in a Roman bas-relief inserted at p. 83.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Machaerium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MACHAE'RIUM (μαχαίριον, μαχαιρίς). Diminutive of MACHAERA. A fishmonger's knife (Plaut. Aul. ii. 9. 1.); surgeon's knife (Aristot. Gen. An. v. 8. 13.); barber's razor (Aristoph. Eq. 413.); all which senses imply a form of instrument similar to the one described and exhibited in the last article, and thus confirm the suggestion there made respecting its particular formation.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Machinamentum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MACHINAMEN'TUM. (Liv. Tac. Cels.) Same as MACHINA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Machaerophorus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MACHAEROPH'ORUS (μαχαιρόφορος). Armed with the hunting-knife (machaera), as characteristic of foreign nations (Cic. Q. Fr. ii. 10.); the Egyptians (Herod. ix. 32.); Persians (Aesch. Pers. 56.); Thracians, Thucyd. ii. 96.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Machinarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MACHINA'RIUS. Any one who works upon a scaffolding (Paul. Dig. 9. 2. 31.); but more frequently used as an adjective to express that which is worked by, or itself works with, machinery; as mola machinaria (Apul. Met. vii. p. 143.), a corn-mill driven by cattle (see MOLA 2.); asinus machinarius (Ulp. Dig. ii. 6. 7.), an ass which works a mill.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Machina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MA'CHINA (μηχανή). A general term, like our machine, comprising every sort of artificial contrivance invented by men to assist them in their operations, or which is itself made to perform the part of an agent; as for raising or drawing weights (Vitruv. x. 1.); erecting columns (Cic. Verr. ii. 1. 55.); drawing vessels on shore (Hor. Od. i. 4. 2.); discharging missiles (Liv. Sall. &c.); a scaffolding for builders and decorators (Ulp. Dig. xiii. 6. 5. Plin. H. N. xxxv. 37); a stand upon which slaves were exposed for sale (Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 2.), &c.; all of which are described and illustrated under the special names by which they were designated.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Macrochera

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MACROCHE'RA. A word coined out of the Greek μακρόχειρ, which means long-armed; whence used to designate a tunic with long sleeves (Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 33.); only another term for CHIRIDOTA, which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Macrocolum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MACROCO'LUM or MACROCOL'LUM. Paper of the largest size, such as we might call royal. (Cic. Att. xvi. 3. xiii. 25. Plin. H. N. xiii. 24.) It is not clear whether this paper was manufactured in one large sheet, or the ordinary sheet extended by glueing several into one; nor whether the name was formed from κῶλον, a limb, or κόλλα, glue, with the adjective μακρός affixed.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Macula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAC'ULA. The mesh of a net. Ov. Her. v. 19. Varro, R. R. iii. 11. 3. Cic. Verr. ii. 5. 11. RETE.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Maelium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAE'LIUM. See MELIUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Maenas

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAE'NAS (μαινάς). Properly a Greek word, signifying a raving woman; whence adopted by the Roman poets for a Bacchante (see BACCHA and illustration), infuriated by the rites of Bacchus (Sil. Ital. iii. 395. Senec. Troad. 675.); an enervated priest of Cybele (Catull. 63. 23.); or a prophetess under the excitement of inspiration. Senec. Agam. 719.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Maenianum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAENIA'NUM. A balcony; projecting over the street from the upper floor of a house or other building; and supported upon brackets affixed to the external wall, or upon columns planted on the ground. (Festus, s. v. Val. Max. ix. 12. 17. Cic. Acad. ii. 22.) These balconies were frequently constructed over the colonnades of a forum (Vitruv. v. 1. 2.); or thrown out over the entrance porch of a house (Isidor. Orig. xv. 13. 11.), as exhibited by the annexed example (Maenianum/1.1), from a house discovered at Herculaneum, with the ground-plan of the street and adjacent part of the house on the right hand. A. The balcony, springing from the upper story (C); constructed over the entrance (E on the ground-plan), and supported upon three square pilasters in file (B B elevation and ground-plan), placed upon the margin of the foot pavement (G), so that it projects to a considerable extent over the roadway (F). At one period, such accessories were prohibited by law in ancient Rome (Ammian. xxvii. 9, 10.), on account of the narrowness of the streets; but by a subsequent building act they were allowed, provided they had an open space, in some cases of ten, in others of fifteen, feet clear from any adjacent building. Impp. Honor. et Theodos. Cod. 8. 10, 11.
2. In a theatre, amphitheatre, or circus, a maenianum means one entire range of seats, rising in concentric circles between one landing place (praecinctio) and another, but divided perpendicularly into a number of compartments (cunei) by the flights of steps (scalae) which the spectators descended or ascended to and from their places. (Inscript. ap. Marin. Fr. Arv. p. 224. seqq.) The number of these varied according to the size of the building: the Flavian amphitheatre contained three, with a covered portico for women above; the theatre at Pompeii, from which the annexed illustration (Maenianum/2.1) is taken, had only two, of each of which a portion, containing three cunei, is shown by the engraving; sufficient, however, to elucidate the object, for it will be readily understood that each maenianum comprised an entire circuit.
* Maenianum/1.1
* Maenianum/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Magalia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAGA'LIA and MAPA'LIA. Carthaginian words, designating in the language of that country the cottages of the rural population (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. i. 420. iv. 259.); which were slight huts made of reeds or cane (Sil. Ital. xvii. 88 — 89.); sometimes of a circular and conical form, like an oven (Cato, Orig. ap. Serv. l. c. Hieron. in prol. Amos); or at others of an oblong shape, with bulging sides, like the hull of a vessel (Sallust, Jug. 211), both of which models were also of common occurrence in other countries. The Romans described them by the words CASAE and CASULAE, where see the illustrations; and the example (Magalia/1.1) here introduced represents a German village of similar huts from the Column of Antoninus. Some scholars make a distinction between magalia and mapalia; thinking that the first word was used to designate the stationary huts of a village, the latter when they were placed upon carriages, and moveable from place to place (Heyne ad Virg. Aen. i. 421.); at all events, the first syllable of magalia is long, in mapalia short.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Magida

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAG'IDA and MAG'IS. A large sort of dish used at table; but of which nothing precise is known. Varro, L. L. v. 120. Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 52.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Magister

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAGIS'TER. A word very generally applied to any person who has a command or authority as the chief over a number of others; e. g. magister populi, the dictator (Cic. Fin. iii. 22.); magister equitum, the officer who commanded the cavalry under the dictator (Liv. iii. 27.); magister morum, the censor (Cic. Fam. iii. 13.).
2. In the navy, the magister was an officer answering to our master; he directed the navigation of the vessel, gave orders to the steersman, sailors, and rowers; and sat under the tent (thronus) at the stern of the vessel, as in the annexed example (Magister/2.1), from the Vatican Virgil. (Liv. xxix. 25. xlv. 42.) In the commercial marine he answered to what we call a skipper, to whom the charge of the vessel and crew was entrusted by the owners, under whose instructions he acted. (Ulp. Dig. 14. 1. 1.) But these accurate distinctions are not always observed.
3. In civil offices the term answers to our principal, president, or chairman of the board, as, magister societatis, the director of a company (Cic. Fam. xiii. 9.); magister vicorum, a parish overseer, elected by the inhabitants of each vicus, to manage the parochial affairs of the district (Suet. Aug. 30. Tib. 76.); and the chairman or president of any corporate body. Inscript. ap. Grut. 489. 10. ap. Marin. Fr. Arv. n. xv.
4. In private and social life, the president at a feast and drinking bout (Apul. Apol. p. 556.); also termed rex convivii, arbiter bibendi, and συμποσίασχος by the Greeks. He was elected by a throw of the dice, regulated all the proceedings, fixed the proportions in which the water and wine were to be mixed, the quantity each person was to drink, exacted the fines for breaches of order, and, in short, his word was to be a command. Hor. Od. ii. 7. 25. Sat. ii. 2. 123. Xen. An. vi. 1. 30.
5. Magister ludi. (Plaut. Bacch. iii. 3. 37.) Same as LUDI MAGISTER.
6. Under the empire, Magister was a title given to the chiefs of several departments or offices in the state and Imperial household; as, magister epistolarum, a chief secretary who answered letters on behalf of the emperor; magister libellorum, who received and answered petitions; magister memoriae, who received the decisions from the emperor's mouth, and communicated them to the parties interested; magister scriniorum, who had the custody of all the documents and papers belonging to the emperor; magister officiorum, a sort of chamberlain at the Imperial court, who attended and assisted at audiences, &c. Ammian. Cassiodor. Spartian. Lamprid. Inscript. &c.
7. The title of magister militum or armorum was given by Constantine to each of the two generals who respectively commanded in chief over each branch of the army, the infantry and cavalry. Ammian.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Magistratus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAGISTRA'TUS. The office of a magistrate; that is, of any person invested with public authority to administer the law. Thus, during the monarchy, the king; under the republic, the dictator, consuls, censors, praetors, aediles, tribunes of the people, the propraetor and proconsul, as well as the decemviri litibus judicandis, had each magisterial authority.
2. A magistrate; the title given to any of the officers mentioned in the preceding paragraph, but who were also divided into the following classes, distinguished by a name descriptive of the rank or position which each enjoyed. 1. Majores; chief magistrates elected at the comitia centuriata, including consuls, censors, and praetors. 2. Minores; inferior magistrates appointed at the comitia tributa, viz. aediles, tribunes, and decemvirs. 3. Curules; curule magistrates, who were entitled to the honour of a sella curulis, comprising dictators, consuls, praetors, censors, and curule aediles. 5. Plebeii; who were originally only chosen from plebeian families; viz. the plebeian aediles and tribunes of the people. 6. Ordinarii, who held office for a fixed period, as the consuls for one year. 7. Extraordinarii, who were only appointed upon particular occasions, and for an uncertain period, like the dictator.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Majuma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAJU'MA. A Maying, or diversion enjoyed by the inhabitants of Rome during the month of May; upon which occasion they descended the Tiber to the sea board at Ostia, and amused themselves by bathing in the sea. (Suidas.) Though the name is not met with until a late period, it is probable that the practice it designates was by no means a modern one, for it is then spoken of as the revival of an old custom, which had been abolished by law in consequence of the excesses it gave rise to. Impp. Arcad. et Honor. Cod. Theodos. 15. 6. 1. and 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Malleator

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MALLEA'TOR. One who beats out or condenses any thing with a mallet (malleus), like a gold-beater, book-binder, striker of a die in coining, &c. Mart. xii. 57. Inscript. ap. Grut. 1070. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Malleatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MALLEA'TUS. Beaten with a mallet, for the purpose of compression, extension, &c.; as, of books (Ulp. Dig. 32. 50.); Spanish broom (spartum, Columell. xii. 19. 4).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Malleolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MALL'EOLUS (σφυρίον). Diminutive of MALLEUS. Cels. viii. 3.
2. A missile employed for firing the works, shipping, or military engines of an enemy. It consisted of a reed shaft, fitted at the top with a frame of wire-work, like the head of a distaff (see the illustration s. COLUS), which was filled with inflammable materials, such as tow steeped in pitch, and had an arrow head affixed to the top, so that the whole figure resembled a mallet, as shown by the subsequent figures. It was set alight before being discharged, and when it reached the object against which it was directed, the arrow head stuck firmly into it, while the tow blazed away, and ignited whatever it had fastened upon. Liv. xxxviii. 6. xlii. 64. Cic. Cat. i. 13. Vitruv. x. 16. 9. Veg. Mil. iv. 18. Ammian. xxiii. 4. 14.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Malleus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MALLEUS (σφῦρα). A mallet; i. e. a hammer with a large wooden head, employed by gold beaters, bookbinders, &c. for beating out into fine plates or leaves (Plin. H. N. xvi. 84. xiii. 26.); by carpenters, shipwrights, masons, &c. for driving the chisel when the blows require to be fine and tempered (Plaut. Merc. ii. 3. 57.); as a beetle for beating out hemp (Plin. H. N. xix. 13.); or, in short, for any purpose to which the same object is applied at the present day. Both the examples annexed (Malleus/1.1) are copied from the tomb-stones of Roman artizans.
2. A large wooden mallet used by butchers, and by the Popa at a sacrifice, for knocking down the ox before its throat was pierced by the knife of the cultrarius. (Ovid. Met. ii. 625. Suet. Cal. 32.) The example (Malleus/2.1) is copied from a small structure at Rome, erected by the Silversmiths' Company as a compliment to Septimius Severus on which it appears amongst various other implements of sacrifice.
3. A large mallet used by smiths at the anvil, the head of which was either formed entirely of iron, or of wood bound with iron, as in the annexed example (Malleus/3.1), which represents the mallet used by one of the smiths delineated at p. 283., from a Roman bas-relief, upon a larger scale. Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 20. Ib. 41.
* Malleus/1.1
* Malleus/2.1
* Malleus/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Malluvia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MALLUV'IA and MALLUVIUM (χειρόνιπτρον). A wash-hand basin (quasi manu-luvia, Festus, s. v.). The illustration (Malluvia/1.1) represents a basin upon its stand, with the towel beside it, altogether very similar to a piece of modern furniture, from the celebrated Roman fresco painting in the Vatican, which goes by the name of the Aldobrandini marriage.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Malus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MALUS (ἱστός). A ship's mast, mostly made of fir and of a single pole. Plin. H. N. xvi. 76. Ordinary sized vessels carried but one mast (woodcuts, pp. 9. 147.); the larger kinds, especially merchantmen, had two, of the same height, as in the annexed example (Malus/1.1), from a medal of Commodus, or one considerably smaller and made to rake, as in the specimen at p. 247.; and an engraved gem of the Stosch collection appears to afford an instance of three masts. Wink. Pierres gravées p. 531. No. 41.
2. A mast, or strong wooden pole affixed to the top of the outer wall of a theatre or amphitheatre, from which an awning (velarium) was strained over the entire opening of the cavea, to shield the spectators from the sun and weather. (Lucret. vi. 110.) The illustration (Malus/2.1) represents the top courses of the external wall of the great theatre at Pompeii, which is furnished with large stone rings to receive the masts in the manner here exhibited; in the Flavian amphitheatre at Rome, which was a more decorated building, consoles were employed for the same purpose, which still remain, and are situated in the same manner as the rings here shown.
3. The upright pillar in a clothes' or wine press (pressorium, torcular), which is worked by means of a worm and screw (Plin. H. N. xviii. 74.), as shown by the annexed engraving (Malus/3.1), representing the press employed in the fullers' establishment at Pompeii, from a painting still remaining on a pilaster within the premises.
* Malus/1.1
* Malus/2.1
* Malus/3.1