OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aquagium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AQUA'GIUM. A water course or stream of water which was common property, and could only be diverted in small portions by the proprietors through whose lands it passed. Pomp. Dig. 43. 20. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aqualis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AQUA'LIS. Any vessel which contains water for drinking; a water can, or water jug. Plaut. Curc. ii. 3. 33. Id. Mil. iii. 2. 39.
2. The same as Matula (Varro, L. L. v. 119.); to which the joke contained in the passage of Plautus (Mil. iii. 2. 39.) probably alludes.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aquarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AQUA'RIUS (ὑδροφόρος). A water carrier. Cic. Fam. viii. 6.
2. A slave employed in the baths, who brought in the water, poured it over the bather, and filled the labra, which latter duty is shown by the figure in the illustration (Aquarius/1.1), copied from a fictile vase. These men were noted for their licentious habits. Juv. vi. 332. compared with Festus, s. v.
3. An officer at Rome attached to the service of the aqueducts, whose duty it was to see that not more than the quantity allowed by law to each individual, or public establishment, was laid on from the main. Front. Aq.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aquila

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AQUILA. The eagle, the principal ensign of the Roman legion (Plin. H. N. x. 5.), made of silver or bronze, and with expanded wings, as shown in the example (Aquila/1.1), from an original published by La Chausse (Recueil d'Antiq. Romaines, v. 15.). The manner in which it was carried is shown by the illustration to the following word.
2. (αἰετός, ἀετός, ἀέτωμα). In architecture the triangular face included by the horizontal and sloping cornices of a pediment, to which latter it formed, as it were, a support (sustinentis fastigium aquilae. Tac. Hist. iii. 71.). The term is properly Greek (Pausan. i. 24. 5. Id. v. 10. 20.), and corresponds to the Latin TYMPANUM; unless the latter word was employed when the part consisted of a mere naked face unadorned with sculpture; and the former, when the surface was broken by bas-reliefs; for the name originated in a very early Greek practice of carving an eagle in the pediment of a temple, especially of those which were dedicated to Jupiter, as in the example (Aquila/2.1) from a bas-relief of the Villa Mattei at Rome. In Etruscan or other edifices of araeostyle construction, the aquila was formed of wood, in order to lighten the pressure upon the architrave; a circumstance which caused the conflagration of the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus, when the Capitol was besieged by Vespasian. Tac. Hist. l. c.
* Aquila/1.1
* Aquila/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aquilifer

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AQUIL'IFER. The principal ensign of a Roman legion, who carried the eagle. (Caes. B. G. v. 37. Suet. Aug. 10.). There was but one aquilifer to each legion, though there were many signiferi, or standard bearers. (Veget. Mil. ii. 13. Compare Tac. Ann. i. 39. and 61.) The example (Aquilifer/1.1) is taken from the Column of Trajan, on which an ensign carrying the eagle is several times represented, with the skin of a wild beast over his head and back, in the same manner as here shown.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aquiminarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AQUIMINA'RIUM, AQUIMINA'LE, or AQUAEMANA'LIS. A jug from which water was poured over the hands before and after meals. It was accompanied by a basin to receive the water as it fell from the hands, so that the two together would answer to our "basin and ewer." Varro, ap. Non. s. v. p. 547. Ulp. Dig. 34. 2. leg. 19. n. 12.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arachne

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARACH'NE. A particular kind of sun-dial, which is naturally believed to have received its name from a resemblance to the spider's web produced by the hour lines intersecting the circles of the equator and tropics, described upon it; but of which no ancient specimen has been discovered. Vitruv. ix. 8.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Araeostylos

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARAEOSTY'LOS (ἀραιοστύλος). Araeostyle; applied to a building or colonnade in which the columns are situated at wide intervals, of not less than 3¼ or 4 of their own diameters apart from each other; as in the lowest line of the annexed diagram (Araeostylos/1.1), which shows the relative width of the five different kinds of intercolumniations adopted by the ancients. The araeostyle construction was particularly employed in the Tuscan order, and for localities frequented by a large concourse of people, in order not to occupy too much room by a multitude of columns. It required an architrave of wood, as stone or marble could not support a superincumbent weight upon supports placed so far apart. The colonnade surrounding the Forum of Pompeii is of this construction, in which vestiges of the wooden architraves were found at the period when it was excavated. Vitruv. iii. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARA'TOR (ἀροτήρ). One who ploughs; a ploughman (Plin. H. N. xviii. 49. § 2.). Also a ploughing ox, for the word is equally applied to animals (Ovid. Fast. i. 698.). Both are shown by the illustration (Arator/1.1), from a Roman bas-relief.
2. A tenant farmer upon a large scale, who cultivated extensive tracts of the public lands for a tenth part of the produce; generally persons of the equestrian order, and spoken of by Cicero as a useful and excellent class of men. Cic. Agr. ii. 31. 2. Verr. iii. 55.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aratrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARA'TRUM (ἄροτρον). A plough. The plough most commonly represented on ancient monuments is a very simple machine, consisting of the branch of an elm tree either naturally or artificially bent into a crook (buris) at one end, which when sharpened to a point, and cased with iron, answered the purpose of a share (vomer); another branch growing out from the main one in a direction contrary to the crooked end, served for a plough tail (stiva) or handle to guide the machine, and press the share to a sufficient depth into the ground. The whole of these parts and details are distinctly shown by the preceding wood-cut.
2. The next illustration (Aratrum/2.1) represents a plough of improved construction, from a bas-relief discovered in the island of Magnesia. With the exception of not being furnished with a coulter, it possessed all the component parts enumerated by the Greek and Latin authors: viz. A A, buris (γύης), the plough-tail, the opposite end of which forms the pole (temo, ἱστοβοεύς); B, dentale (ἔλυμα), the share beam; C, vomer (ὕννις), the plough-share; D is a truss which binds the share-beam more firmly to the pole and plough-tail, and which some archaeologists distinguish by the name fulcrum, but without quoting their authority; E E, aures (πτερά), the earth-boards; F, stiva (ἐχέτλη), the handle by which the ploughman directed the plough.
3. The next example (Aratrum/3.1) represents a wheeled plough (currus) from Caylus, which, besides the parts above enumerated, is likewise furnished with a coulter (culter), like the blade of a knife, attached to the pole in front of the share.
4. Aratrum auritum. A plough furnished with mould-boards. Pallad. i. 43. 1. Wood-cut, No. 2. E E.
5. Aratrum simplex. A plough without mould-boards. Pallad. l. c. Woodcut. s. ARATOR.
* Aratrum/2.1
* Aratrum/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arbusculae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARBUS'CULAE (ἁμαξόποδες). Strong wooden collars, or rings fastened underneath a cart (plaustrum) or under an engine of war, for the purpose of receiving the axle, which revolved together with its wheels in these collars, in the same manner as now seen in a child's go-cart (Vitruv. x. 14. 1. Ginzrot, Wagen und Fahrwerke, i. 91. 3.). When the wheels revolved upon their axle, as was usual for carriages (currus), the axle was of course a fixture, and arbusculae were not necessary.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arcarii

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARCA'RII. Officers who kept the accounts of the emperor's privy purse (fiscus), whence they were termed Caesariani; their offices were situated in the Forum of Trajan. Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 43. Fragment. jur. ante Justinean. a Maio edita, p. 38.
2. In private families, cashiers or servants who kept the accounts, and superintended the receipts and disbursements of their master's property. Inscript. ap. Grut. 641. 7, 8. Scaev. Dig. 40. 5. 41.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arca

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARCA (κιβωτός). Any large and strong box or chest in which clothes, money, or any kind of property was kept (Cato, R. R. ii. 3. Cic. Parad. vi. 1. Juv. xi. 26. Suet. Cal. 49); a clothes trunk, money chest, &c. The example (Arca/1.1) here introduced is a very remarkable specimen of a money chest, discovered in the atrium of a house at Pompeii; and which, with great apparent reason, is believed to have been a chest in which the quaestor kept the public monies. It stands upon raised pedestals coated with marble; the frame is of wood, lined inside with bronze, and plated outside with iron. It is described in detail in Gell's Pompeiana, vol. ii. pp. 30 — 31.
2. A common wooden box in which the remains of such persons as could not afford the expense of a funeral and regular coffin were carried to the place of sepulture. Hor. Sat. i. 8. 9. Lucan. viii. 736. Caii Dig. ii. 7. 7.
3. A coffin in which a corpse was deposited entire, in the earth or in a tomb, when not reduced to ashes on the funeral pile (Plin. H. N. xiii. 27. Val. Max. i. 1. 12.). The illustration (Arca/3.1) shows the plan and elevation of an original coffin of baked clay (Uggeri, Capo di Bove, pl. 19.). The shaded part in the plan is a raised sill for the head of the corpse, and the round hole in it is a cavity for receiving aromatic balsams, which were poured in through a corresponding orifice seen on the side of the shell in the upper figure. The whole was covered by a lid.
4. A dungeon cell in a private house where slaves were confined. Cic. Milo, 22.
5. A wooden caisson, employed when laying foundations under water. It was a square box without top or bottom, sunk into the ground, from the interior of which the water was pumped out, the void being then filled in with stone or other materials, of which the foundation was composed. Vitruv. v. 12. 3.
* Arca/1.1
* Arca/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arcera

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AR'CERA. A close covered cart boarded all over, so as to resemble a large chest (arca), which was used at Rome for the transport of invalids or aged and infirm persons, before the invention of litters and other more luxurious contrivances (Varro, L. L. v. 140.). The inmate reclined in it at full length, for which purpose it was furnished with cushions and pillows inside; and the exterior was usually covered over with loose drapery to give it a more sightly appearance, and conceal the rough boarding of which it was made (Gell. xx. 1. 8.). The illustration (Arcera/1.1) is from a sepulchral marble preserved in the Museum at Baden, published by Ginzrot (Wagen und Fahrwerke, tab. 19. 2.), and may be regarded as the only known example of this primitive conveyance, the great antiquity of which is authenticated by the mention of it in the Twelve Tables. (Gell. l. c.). The original also shows a bundle of drapery placed on the roof in a heap, intended to spread over the whole carriage, as mentioned above.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Archimimus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARCHIMI'MUS (ἀρχίμιμος). The leader of a company of buffoons, who were engaged at funerals to dance and play the merry-andrew in the procession, the leader of the party enacting a mock representation of the person and character of the deceased. Suet. Vesp. 19. See also MIMUS, 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arcuarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARCUA'RIUS. One who makes bows and arrows. Aur. Arc. Dig. 50. 6. 6. Compare Veget. Mil. ii. 11.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arcuatio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARCUA'TIO. A substruction of arches for the support of any superstructure, as a roadway, bridge, or aqueduct. Frontinus, 18 and 21. Cut of AQUAEDUCTUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arcuatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARCUA'TUS. In general arched, or built upon arches. Plin. Ep. x. 47. 2. See cut of AQUAEDUCTUS.
2. Arcuatus currus. A two-wheeled carriage with an arched awning over head. (Liv. i. 21.) The example (Arcuatus/1.1) is from a painting in an Etruscan tomb, published by Micali (Italia avanti il Dominio de' Romani).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arcuballistarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARCUBALLISTA'RIUS. One who manages the Arcuballista. Veget. Mil. iv. 21.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arcuballista

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARCUBALLIS'TA. An instrument for shooting arrows, combining the properties of the bow and ballista. The name points to a weapon in the nature of the modern cross-bow; but it is impossible to define it precisely, as the exact character of the BALLISTA is not sufficiently understood. Veget. Mil. ii. 15.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arcularius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARCULA'RIUS. A maker of arculae, caskets, little boxes, jewel cases, &c. Plaut. Aul. iii. 5. 45.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arcula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AR'CULA (κιβώτιον). Diminutive of ARCA, in its general senses; but also specially applied as follows: —
1. A painter's colour box, divided into a number of separate compartments; more especially used by encaustic painters, in which they kept distinct the different coloured waxes used in their art. (Varro, R. R. iii. 17. 4.) The illustration (Arcula/1.1) is from a Roman bas-relief, which represents {{PICTURA|Painting0} inducing M. Varro to illustrate his book with portraits.
2. A small sepulchre or stone coffin, such as was used by the Christianized Romans, and deposited in their catacombs, when the bodies were buried, without being burnt. (Inscript. ap. Grut. 1031. 4.) The illustration (Arcula/2.1) represents one of these coffins in the catacombs at Rome, a portion only being removed in the drawing to show the skeleton.
* Arcula/1.1
* Arcula/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AR'CULUM. A chaplet made from the branch of the pomegranate tree bent into a circle, and fastened at the ends by a fillet of white wool, which was worn by the Flaminica Dialis at all sacrifices, and on certain occasions likewise by the wife of the Rex sacrificulus. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. iv. 137.
2. Or Arculus. A porter's knot; especially the linen cloth rolled up and twisted into a circle which the young women placed on the top of their heads in the same way as is still practised by the Italian peasantry, as a support for the baskets (canestrae, cistae) which they carried in the Panathenaic and other festivals. (Festus, s. v.) This contrivance is frequently represented in sculpture upon figures carrying any sort of burden on their heads, such as the Canephorae, Cayatides, Telamones, of which latter the figure in the cut presents an example (Arculum/2.1) from the baths of Pompeii; and is frequently mistaken for the modius, which it resembles indeed in appearance, but would be a most inappropriate ornament for such a position.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arcuma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AR'CUMA. A small cart (plaustrum) or truck, in which a single person could be conveyed. (Festus, s. v.) The illustration (Arcuma/1.1), from a sepulchral bas-relief at Rome, agrees so precisely with the definition of Festus as to leave no doubt of its real name.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arenaria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARENA'RIA or ARENA'RIUM. A sand-pit. Cic. Varro. Vitruv.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arenarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARENA'RIUS. A general term for any one who contended in the arena of an amphitheatre either against his fellow-men, or with wild beasts, including therefore the GLADIATORES and BESTIARIUS. Pet. Sat. cxxvi. 6.
2. A teacher of arithmetic or geometry, so called because he marked out his calculations or diagrams upon a tray covered with sand. Tertull. Pall. 6. ABACUS, 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Arena

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARE'NA. The flat oval floor in the interior of an amphitheatre, where the wild beasts and gladiators fought, so called because it was sprinkled over with sand to prevent the feet from slipping (Suet. Nero, 53. Juv. Sat. iv. 100.); see the second wood-cut s. AMPHITHEATRUM, which represents the amphitheatre at Pompeii, in its present state; the arena is the flat space in the centre, where the two small figures are standing.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Areola

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARE'OLA. Diminutive of AREA; a small open square or place (Plin. Ep. v. 6. 20.); a small bed for flowers or vegetables, &c. in a garden. Columell. xi. 2. 30.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aretalogus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ARETAL'OGUS. A personage introduced at dinner time amongst the Romans to amuse the company, but in what character or by what means is not clearly ascertained, perhaps as a sort of court jester or buffoon. Juv. Sat. xv. 16. Ruperti ad l. Suet. Aug. 74. Casaub. ad l.