OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Motivation for IP
## Learning goals

* get introduced to the concept of an IP-network
* understand that networks can be interconnected
* learn about the importance for decentralization as a design principle
* realize that Local area networks can be fragmented via IP networks

## Script

There are some limitations over the Ethernet
1) Transport distance should be shorter than 500 meters. So obviously you just can’t create one big Ethernet network. Let’s imagine that we have some geographically distributed networks. And these networks should be interconnected to each other. So you have really small networks that can just add locally in a certain region and you want to interconnect those networks.
2) Collisions. With the non deterministic protocol every time someone wants to send some data he has to occupy the entire network and if there are too many clients there collisions will arise all the time with the result that no one will be able to pass any message. Another requirement to create Internet was to have it decentralized. When Americans decided to create this communication system they did it mainly for the military reasons. They already knew that if you have 1 single spot where all communications go through it is very easy to attack this spot and then your entire communication doesn’t work.
In decentralized system we can see that if one network fails still all the networks will be at least with some connection to each other. If we will make it like star topology then if one central network fails you are in trouble because your system has no way of communicating anymore. Summing up Internet was designed: - To connect local area networks - To be decentralized not to have a single point of failure - To fragment LAN. So if there too many hosts in LAN you can separate networks.
And in order to achieve all these things an IP was designed. --Jane Kruch (discuss • contribs) 09:31, 31 October 2013 (UTC)
# Summary, further reading, homework
## Learning goals
## Script

Web Science/Part1: Foundations of the web/Internet Protocol/Summary, further reading, homework/script

## Quiz

Web Science/Part1: Foundations of the web/Internet Protocol/Summary, further reading, homework/quiz
# Web Science/Part1: Foundations of the web/Internet Protocol/Motivation for IP/script

There are some limitations over the Ethernet
1) Transport distance should be shorter than 500 meters. So obviously you just can’t create one big Ethernet network. Let’s imagine that we have some geographically distributed networks. And these networks should be interconnected to each other. So you have really small networks that can just add locally in a certain region and you want to interconnect those networks.
2) Collisions. With the non deterministic protocol every time someone wants to send some data he has to occupy the entire network and if there are too many clients there collisions will arise all the time with the result that no one will be able to pass any message. Another requirement to create Internet was to have it decentralized. When Americans decided to create this communication system they did it mainly for the military reasons. They already knew that if you have 1 single spot where all communications go through it is very easy to attack this spot and then your entire communication doesn’t work.
In decentralized system we can see that if one network fails still all the networks will be at least with some connection to each other. If we will make it like star topology then if one central network fails you are in trouble because your system has no way of communicating anymore. Summing up Internet was designed: - To connect local area networks - To be decentralized not to have a single point of failure - To fragment LAN. So if there too many hosts in LAN you can separate networks.
And in order to achieve all these things an IP was designed. --Jane Kruch (discuss • contribs) 09:31, 31 October 2013 (UTC)
# Design principles of the web
## Learning goals
## Script

* decentralized
* distributed (what is the diff to "decentralzed")
* on top of the internet
* Test of independent invention
* Simplicity
* modular (same as ToII?)
* tolerance (against what? failure of subsystems?)
* asymmetric (404)
* client server model (request / response) - note: not the then dominating C/S version, which meant that each client was a client for one server
# Web Science/Part1: Foundations of the web/Internet vs World Wide Web/Design principles of the web/script

* decentralized
* distributed (what is the diff to "decentralzed")
* on top of the internet
* Test of independent invention
* Simplicity
* modular (same as ToII?)
* tolerance (against what? failure of subsystems?)
* asymmetric (404)
* client server model (request / response) - note: not the then dominating C/S version, which meant that each client was a client for one server
# WikiJournal of Medicine/Tubal pregnancy with embryo

WikiJournal of Medicine Open access • Publication charge free • Public peer review • Wikipedia-integrated
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WikiJournal of Medicine is an open-access, free-to-publish, Wikipedia-integrated academic journal for Medical and Biomedical topics. <seo title=" WJM, WikiJMed, Wiki.J.Med., WikiJMed, Wikiversity Journal of Medicine, WikiJournal Medicine, Wikipedia Medicine, Wikipedia medical journal, WikiMed, Wikimedicine, Wikimedical, Medicine, Biomedicine, Free to publish, Open access, Open-access, Non-profit, online journal, Public peer review "/>
This article has been through public peer review.
First submitted: 20 Jul 2014 Accepted: 20 Jul 2014 Reviewer comments
PDF: Download DOI: 10.15347/wjm/2014.007 QID: Q44115165 XML: Download
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Suggested citation format: Ed Uthman (2014). "Tubal pregnancy with embryo". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). doi:10.15347/WJM/2014.007. Wikidata Q44115165. ISSN 2002-4436. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiversity/en/8/85/Tubal_pregnancy_with_embryo.pdf.
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Wikipedia: Content from this work is used in the following Wikipedia article: Atavism, Ectopic pregnancy, Embryo, Human.
License: This work is released into the public domain by the copyright holder (under a CC0 license). This applies worldwide. Any person may use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.
Mikael Häggström (handling editor) contact

## Article information

Author: Ed Uthman
* ↑ by online form

## Abstract

This photo of an opened oviduct with an ectopic pregnancy features a spectacularly well preserved 10-millimeter embryo. It is uncommon to see any embryo at all in an ectopic, and for one to be this well preserved (and undisturbed by the prosector's knife) is quite unusual.
Even an embryo this tiny shows very distinct anatomic features, including tail, limb buds, heart (which actually protrudes from the chest), eye cups, cornea/lens, brain, and prominent segmentation into somites. The gestational sac is surrounded by myriad chorionic villi resembling elongated party balloons. The age of this embryo is 7 weeks of gestational age.
The photo was taken on Kodak Elite 200 slide film, with a Minolta X-370 camera and 100mm f/4 Rokkor bellows lens at near-full extension. The formalin-fixed specimen was immersed in tap-water and pinned to a tray lined with black velvet. The exposure was 1/4 second at f/8.
# WikiJournal of Medicine/Ultrasonography of a cervical pregnancy

WikiJournal of Medicine Open access • Publication charge free • Public peer review • Wikipedia-integrated
Volume 11
Previous Volume 1(1) Volume 1(2) Volume 2 Volume 3 Volume 4 Volume 5 Volume 6 Volume 7 Volume 8 Volume 9 Volume 10
Editorial guidelines Ethics statement Bylaws Financials Calendar
WikiJournal of Medicine is an open-access, free-to-publish, Wikipedia-integrated academic journal for Medical and Biomedical topics. <seo title=" WJM, WikiJMed, Wiki.J.Med., WikiJMed, Wikiversity Journal of Medicine, WikiJournal Medicine, Wikipedia Medicine, Wikipedia medical journal, WikiMed, Wikimedicine, Wikimedical, Medicine, Biomedicine, Free to publish, Open access, Open-access, Non-profit, online journal, Public peer review "/>
This article has been through public peer review.
First submitted: 15 Nov 2014 Accepted: 27 Nov 2014 Reviewer comments
PDF: Download DOI: 10.15347/wjm/2014.011 QID: Q44276856 XML: Download
Share article  Email | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn | Mendeley | ResearchGate
Suggested citation format: Jesper Agrell (27 November 2014). "Ultrasonography of a cervical pregnancy". WikiJournal of Medicine 1 (2). doi:10.15347/WJM/2014.011. Wikidata Q44276856. ISSN 2002-4436. https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikiversity/en/c/c4/Ultrasonography_of_a_cervical_pregnancy.pdf.
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License:
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction, provided the original author and source are credited.
Mikael Häggström (handling editor) contact
Mikael Häggström

## Article information

Author: Jesper Agrell
* ↑ jesper.agrelllvn.se

## Abstract

A woman in her 20s came to the gynecologic clinic because of a positive pregnancy test and a history of a previous ectopic pregnancy. The vaginal ultrasonography performed by Dr. Jesper Agrell showed a gestational sac in the cervix as displayed in the sagittal plane. The corpus of the uterus is located at right in the image. There was a discernible heartbeat, and the gestational sac diameter corresponded to a gestational age of 5 weeks. The distance from the gestational sac to the external orifice was only 15 millimeters.
Also available as docx file
# Vector bundles and tight closure (Triest 2023)/Finite field/Smooth projective curve/Vector bundle/Finite annihilation/Harder-Narasimhan-criterion/Fact/Factreferencenumber

Theorem 3.5
# Vector bundles and tight closure (Triest 2023)/Finite field/Smooth projective curve/Vector bundel/Etale trivializable and Frobenius periodicity/Fact/Factreferencenumber

Lemma 3.2
# Vector bundles and tight closure (Triest 2023)/Finite field/Smooth projective curve/Vector bundle/Strongly semistable degree 0/Trivializable/Fact/Factreferencenumber

Theorem 3.3
# Affine space/Finite point family/Affinely independent/Characterization/Fact

Let $E$ be an affine space over a $K$-vector space $V$, and let
    $P_{1},\ldots ,P_{n}$
denote a finite family of points in $E$. Then the following statements are equivalent.
* The points $P_{1},\ldots ,P_{n}$ are affinely independent.
* For every $i\in \{1,\ldots ,n\}$, the family of vectors is linearly independent.
    ${\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{1}}},\ldots ,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{i-1}}},\,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{i+1}}},\ldots ,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{n}}}$
* There exists some $i\in \{1,\ldots ,n\}$ such that the family of vectors is linearly independent.
    ${\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{1}}},\ldots ,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{i-1}}},\,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{i+1}}},\ldots ,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{n}}}$
* The points $P_{1},\ldots ,P_{n}$ form an affine basis in the affine subspace generated by them.
# Affine space/Affinely independence/Introduction/Section
## Definition

Let $E$ be an affine space over a $K$-vector space $V$, and let
    $P_{1},\ldots ,P_{n}$
be a finite family of points in $E$. We say that this family of points is affinely independent,
if an equality
    $\sum _{i=1}^{n}a_{i}P_{i}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}b_{i}P_{i}\,$
wit
    $\sum _{i=1}^{n}a_{i}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}b_{i}=1\,$
is only possible if
    $a_{i}=b_{i}\,$
for all
$i=1,\ldots ,n$

## Lemma

Let $E$ be an affine space over a $K$-vector space $V$, and let
    $P_{1},\ldots ,P_{n}$
$E$
* The points $P_{1},\ldots ,P_{n}$ are affinely independent.
* For every $i\in \{1,\ldots ,n\}$, the family of vectors is linearly independent.
    ${\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{1}}},\ldots ,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{i-1}}},\,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{i+1}}},\ldots ,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{n}}}$
* There exists some $i\in \{1,\ldots ,n\}$ such that the family of vectors is linearly independent.
    ${\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{1}}},\ldots ,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{i-1}}},\,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{i+1}}},\ldots ,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{n}}}$
* The points $P_{1},\ldots ,P_{n}$ form an affine basis in the affine subspace generated by them.

### Proof

$\Box$
# Linear algebra (Osnabrück 2024-2025)/Part I/Lecture 30

    Affine generating systems

## Lemma
### Proof

$\Box$
In particular, for every subset $T\subseteq E$ in an affine space $E$, there exist a smallest affine subspace containing $T$.

## Lemma
### Proof

$\Box$

## Definition

Affine subspace/Affine generating system/Definition
A point generates, as an affine space, the point itself, two points generate the connecting line.
    Affine independence

## Definition

Let $E$ be an affine space over a $K$-vector space $V$, and let
    $P_{1},\ldots ,P_{n}$
be a finite family of points in $E$. We say that this family of points is affinely independent,
if an equality
    $\sum _{i=1}^{n}a_{i}P_{i}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}b_{i}P_{i}\,$
wit
    $\sum _{i=1}^{n}a_{i}=\sum _{i=1}^{n}b_{i}=1\,$
is only possible if
    $a_{i}=b_{i}\,$
for all
$i=1,\ldots ,n$

## Lemma

Let $E$ be an affine space over a $K$-vector space $V$, and let
    $P_{1},\ldots ,P_{n}$
$E$
* The points $P_{1},\ldots ,P_{n}$ are affinely independent.
* For every $i\in \{1,\ldots ,n\}$, the family of vectors is linearly independent.
    ${\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{1}}},\ldots ,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{i-1}}},\,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{i+1}}},\ldots ,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{n}}}$
* There exists some $i\in \{1,\ldots ,n\}$ such that the family of vectors is linearly independent.
    ${\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{1}}},\ldots ,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{i-1}}},\,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{i+1}}},\ldots ,{\overrightarrow {P_{i}P_{n}}}$
* The points $P_{1},\ldots ,P_{n}$ form an affine basis in the affine subspace generated by them.

### Proof

$\Box$
    Affine mappings
Affine mapping/Introduction/Section
# BCP/Digitalis lutea

Digitalis lutea
| Spike Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Digitalis lutea (Yellow Foxglove) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Upright herbaceous plantFlowers:On spikes, tubular and yellowFoliage:SimpleLife Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs (no logs yet) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data:
Additional images:
# BCP/Digitalis purpurea/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Digitalis purpurea (Purple foxglove). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* SB Johnny-LM 10:46, 25 July 2007 (UTC)
* SB Johnny-LM 13:30, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Digitalis grandiflora

Digitalis grandiflora
| Spike Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Digitalis grandiflora (Yellow Foxglove) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Upright herbaceous plantFlowers:On spikes, tubular and yellowFoliage:SimpleLife Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs SB Johnny-LM 09:18, 8 September 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 13:10, 25 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 13:07, 1 November 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 08:51, 2 June 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 10:31, 22 June 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:49, 20 July 2008 (UTC) SB Johnny-LM 09:04, 16 August 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring, Early Summer, Mid Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall, Late Fall
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) May, June, July, August, September, October, November
Additional images:
# BCP/Digitalis × mertonensis

Digitalis × mertonensis
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Digitalis × mertonensis (Strawberry Foxglove) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs SB_Johnny-LM 09:14, 13 June 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) June
Additional images:
# BCP/Digitalis lutea/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Digitalis lutea (Yellow Foxglove). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* (no logs yet)
# BCP/Digitalis purpurea

Digitalis purpurea
| Inflorescences Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Digitalis purpurea (Foxglove) Identifying Characteristics Habit:UprightFlowers:Tubular Recent Logs SB Johnny-LM 10:46, 25 July 2007 (UTC) SB Johnny-LM 13:30, 8 June 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer, Mid Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) June, July
Additional images:
# BCP/Digitaria

Digitaria
| Inflorescence of D. sanguinalis Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Digitaria (Crabgrass) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 11:37, 3 September 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 10:46, 16 August 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 08:45, 24 September 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: August, September
Additional images:
# BCP/Digitalis grandiflora/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Digitalis grandiflora (Yellow Foxglove). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2007 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 23:49, 31 May 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:47, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 14:34, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:52, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 08:45, 30 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 08:54, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 15:16, 23 July 2007 (UTC)

#### 2008 Logs
##### Recent Logs

* SB Johnny-LM 09:18, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 13:10, 25 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 13:07, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 08:51, 2 June 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:31, 22 June 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:49, 20 July 2008 (UTC)
* SB Johnny-LM 09:04, 16 August 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Digitalis × mertonensis/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Digitalis × mertonensis (Strawberry Foxglove). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* SB_Johnny-LM 09:14, 13 June 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Digitaria/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Digitaria (Crabgrasses). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 11:37, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 10:46, 16 August 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 08:45, 24 September 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Bellis perennis

Bellis perennis
| Small beauty Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Bellis perennis (Common Daisy, English Daisy) Identifying Characteristics Habit:herbaceousFlowers:head, white to pinkishFoliage:spoon-shaped, close to groundScent:niceFruit:achene Logs Recent Logs Anna reg 15:14, 25 March 2011 (UTC) --Anna reg 20:46, 14 April 2010 (UTC) --Anna gdf 11:44, 11 May 2010 (UTC) Anna reg 18:15, 19 October 2011 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Prague, Czech Republic: (sedmikráska obecná) (native) October , December , January , February , March, April, May Central Bohemia, Czech Republic: (sedmikráska obecná) October South Bohemia, Czech Republic: (sedmikráska obecná) October , March , June Moravia-Silesia, Czech Republic: (sedmikráska obecná) (native) April, May
Additional images:
| Flower cross section | Flower rear side | Botany |
# BCP/Berberis x gladwinensis

Berberis x gladwinensis
| Flowering branches Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Berberis x gladwinensis (William Penn Barberry) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Slow growing, heavily spined shrubFlowers:Yellow, in axillary clustersFoliage:Evergreen (but reddish in winter), spined Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 23:17, 20 May 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 17:37, 3 May 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:43, 17 May 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:05, 27 May 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) May
Additional images:
* fall and winter color