OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pera

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PE'RA (πήρα). A scrip or wallet, made of leather and slung by a strap over the shoulder; used by travellers, rustics, mendicants, and the cynic philosophers in imitation of them, to carry provisions and other necessaries. (Phaedr. iv. 9. Senec. Ep. 91. Mart. vi. 53.) The illustration (Pera/1.1) represents a peasant with his staff and scrip (baculo et pera) from a marble at Ince-Blundell.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Perforaculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PERFORA'CULUM. An instrument employed by carpenters, carvers in wood, and artizans of a similar class; usually translated a gimlet or auger; but it is clearly distinguished from the terebra in the following passage, where its connexion with the word dolatus would seem to indicate some implement more in the nature of a gouge — perforaculis dolatum, terebrarum vertigine excavatum. Arnob. vi. 200.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pergula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PER'GULA. Literally, and in a general sense, any kind of building added on to the side of a house or other edifice, beyond the original ground-plan, as an outhouse or lean-to, like the outbuilding in front of the annexed landscape (Pergula/1.1), representing a country-house or farm, in one of the Pompeian paintings. (Plaut. Pseud. i. 2. 84. Pet. Sat. 74.) Whence the following more special senses: —
2. A stall or balcony constructed over the colonnades of a forum, and abutting from the buildings adjacent; chiefly intended for the occupation of bankers and money changers. Plin. H. N. xxi. 6. and compare MAENIANUM.
3. A painter's exhibition-room; a large outbuilding in which the artists of antiquity were accustomed to expose their works to public view, when finished. Lucil. ap. Lactant. i. 22. Plin. H. N. xxxv. 36. § 12. Cod. Theodos. 13. 4. 4.
4. A lecture room in which any of the arts or sciences were taught. Suet. Gramm. 18. Juv. xi. 137. Vopisc. Saturn. 10.
5. An observatory at the top of a house for taking astronomical observations. Suet. Aug. 94.
6. In vineyards and gardens a long covered walk, over which the vines were trained to a framework of wood or trellis, as in the annexed example (Pergula/6.1) from a painting of the Nasonian sepulchre. (Liv. xiv. 3. Columell. iv. 21. 2. Id. xi. 2. 32.) The modern Italians retain the word "la pergola" in the same sense.
* Pergula/1.1
* Pergula/6.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Peripetasma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PERIPETAS'MA (περιπέτασμα). A general term, strictly Greek, for any thing which is spread out, as a covering, curtain, tapestry hanging, &c. Cic. Verr. ii. 4. 12. See AULAEA, PERISTROMA, TAPES.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Peripteros

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PERIP'TEROS (περίπτερος). A term employed by architects to designate a temple or other edifice which is surrounded on the outside by a colonnade consisting of a single row of columns all round. (Vitruv. iii. 2.) The temple (Peripteros/1.1) of Theseus at Athens affords an existing specimen of the style.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Periscelis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PERIS'CELIS (περισκελίς). An anklet, made of choice materials and workmanship, worn more particularly by the Greek women and courtezans round the ankle in the same manner as a bracelet is round the wrist. (Hor. Ep. i. 17. 56. Pet. Sat. 67. 4 and 5.) In the numerous instances where ornaments of this description are represented in the Pompeian paintings, they are always introduced upon figures with bare feet and legs, dancing girls and such characters, or the goddesses and heroines draped in the poetical or heroic style, like the annexed example (Periscelis/1.1) representing Ariadne; consequently, in the passage of Petronius (l. c.), where they are worn by the wife of Trimalchio, and seen peeping from under her tunic above the tops of her shoes, it is expressly intended to ridicule the ostentation, vulgarity, and absurdity of the wealthy parvenu and his silly helpmate, who loads her person with finery, without regarding its fitness, or perceiving the ridiculous figure she makes of herself.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Peristroma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PERISTRO'MA (περίστρωμα). In general any thing which serves as a covering, like the curtains, carpets, and hangings of a room; but more especially a large and loose coverlet customarily spread over a bed or dining couch so as to hang down round the sides, in the manner shown by the annexed illustration (Peristroma/1.1) from the Vatican Virgil. Cic. Phil. ii. 27.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Peristylium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PERISTYL'IUM (περιστύλιον). A peristyle; that is, a colonnade round a courtyard, or in the interior of a building, which has the columns on the inside and the walls without; whereas the term peripterus is used to express a structure designed upon a plan precisely the reverse of this; viz. a colonnade on the exterior of a building, which has the columns on its outside, and the wall within. Suet. Aug. 82. Plin. Ep. x. 23. 2. Schneider. Vitruv. iii. 3. 9.
2. The peristyle of a Roman house, which formed the second or inner division of the general ground-plan, corresponding in locality with the Gynaeconitis of a Greek domicile; and was regarded as the internal or private portion of the edifice, containing the domestic apartments in the ordinary occupation of the proprietor and his family, to which none but their immediate friends and acquaintances had access. It consisted of an open space, surrounded internally with a colonnade, like the Atrium, but covering a larger area, open to the sky, and sometimes laid out as a garden, with a fountain and impluvium in the centre; the apartments occupied by the family being distributed round its sides, and opening upon the colonnade in question. It was separated from the Atrium by the tablinum and fauces, which made passages of communication between the two divisions. (Vitruv. vi. 3. 7.) The illustration (Peristylium/2.1) above represents an elevation of half the peristyle of a house at Pompeii, restored by Mazois; and its relative situation with respect to the rest of the house will be understood by referring to the ground-plan at p. 248. col. 2 on which it is marked F F.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Peronatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PERONA'TUS. Wearing the boots last described (perones, Pers. v. 102.); the characteristic chaussure of agricultural labourers, ploughmen, and shepherds, of which last a specimen (Peronatus/1.1) is inserted from the Vatican Virgil.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Peristylum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PERIS'TYLUM (περίστυλον). Cic. Dom. 44. Varro, R. R. iii. 5. 8. Same as the preceding.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pero

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PERO (ἀρβύλη). A boot reaching up to the calf of the leg, laced in front and made of raw hide, or untanned leather, with the fur on. (Virg. Aen. vii. 690. Juv. xiv. 186. Isidor. Orig. xix. 34.) The example (Pero/1.1) is from a Pompeian painting.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Perpendiculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PERPENDI'CULUM (κάθετος). A plumb-line or line and plummet, employed by bricklayers, masons, &c., for the purpose of proving if their work be true to the perpendicular. (Vitruv. vii. 3. 5. Cic. ap. Non. s. v. p. 162. Plin. H. N. xxxv. 49.) The illustration (Perpendiculum/1.1) represents an original found with several others in a stone mason's shop at Pompeii; and numerous examples have been discovered in various excavations, all bearing a considerable resemblance to one another, and differing in no respect from those now in use, with the exception that they are made of bronze instead of lead, and exhibit taste in their design, which the ancients constantly studied even in the commonest articles of daily use.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Personatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PERSONA'TUS. Masked, or wearing a mask (persona); more especially with reference to an actor on the stage (Cic. Orat. iii. 59. Hor. Sat. i. 4. 56.); for in the ancient theatres of Greece and Italy the performers always appeared in masks, designed to suit the particular characters which each had to play; of which an example is afforded by the annexed illustration (Personatus/1.1), representing one of the figures on a marble bas-relief, on which a scene from some comedy is delineated.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pertica

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PER'TICA. Any long thin rod or pole, for threshing corn (Plin. H. N. xviii. 72.); nut trees (Ov. Nux, 67.); olives (Plin. H. N. xv. 3.); as a measuring rod, or perch (Prop. iv. 1. 130.), also termed pertica militaris (Serv. ad Virg. Ecl. ix. 7.), because the lands apportioned amongst the military were measured off into allotments by this instrument. Thence it is often expressed on medals and engraved gems by the side of a plough. See Gorlaeus, Dactyliothec. ii. Nos. 608. 610.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pessulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PES'SULUS (κλεῖθρον, μάνδαλος, κατοχεύς). A bolt for fastening a door (Ter. Eun. iii. 5. 55. Id. Heaut. ii. 3. 37.), of which the annexed illustration (Pessulus/1.1) affords a specimen, from a bronze original found at Pompeii. The doors of the ancients being generally bivalve had two, and sometimes four bolts affixed to them, one at the top, and the other at the bottom of each leaf, which shot into sockets incavated in the lintel and sill of the doorway, still to be seen in many houses of Pompeii, whence the bolts are mostly mentioned in the plural when the closing and bolting of doors is spoken of (Plaut. Aul. i. 3. 26. occlude fores ambobus pessulis, Apul. Met. iii. p. 56. pessulis injectis, Id. iv. p. 76. Id. i. p. 8); and sometimes they could not be drawn back without a key, for which purpose the three-toothed key (clavis Laconica, p. 174) was probably used (Apul. Met. i. p. 11. subdita clavi pessulos reduco; though in this and other similar passages the pessuli may only mean the bolts of a lock, as we also apply our term with the same general acceptation.)
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PES (πούς). A foot of men and animals, upon which the body is supported; thence transferred to inanimate things, as the foot of a table, chair, stool, couch, &c., which were sometimes made to imitate the feet of animals, or other ornamental terminations similar to what are still in use, as shown by numerous examples introduced in the course of these pages. Sen. Ben. ii. 34. Ov. Met. viii. 661. Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 4.
2. A foot measure, which was divided into twelve inches (unciae), and subdivided into sixteen digits (digiti, Vitruv. iii. 1. Columell. v. 1. 4. Front. Aq. 24.). The precise length of the old Roman foot has not been distinctly ascertained, for though several foot rules of bronze have been found in excavations, they all vary slightly in their respective dimensions. One of these, from an original found at Pompeii, is represented s. REGULA 1., for the limited width of these pages will not admit of its being inserted on a scale sufficient to show the real length. Several examples, however, of the actual size are engraved in the Museo Borbonico vi. 15. and Ficoroni, Labico Antico, p. 93.
3. Pes veli. A rope attached to the clew or lower corner of a square sail, for the purpose of setting it to the wind, called the sheet in the nautical language of our country. (Isidor. Orig. xix. 3. 4.) Each sail was furnished with two sheets, as shown by the annexed example (Pes/3.1), from a coin of Lepidus, one on the larboard, the other on the starboard clew (Catull. iv. 19.); whence the following expressions will be readily understood: aequo pede, or pedibus aequis (Ov. Fast. iii. 565. Cic. Att. xvi. 6.), to sail before the wind, because then the sail was set straight across the vessel, and consequently both sheets were braced to the same length; obliquare laevo pede cornua (Lucan. v. 428.), to sail on a wind, or by the wind, because in such case the yard and sail were braced up, or slanted across the vessel, to catch the slant of the wind; proferre pedem (Plin. H. N. ii. 48.) has the same meaning, because one of the sheets was brought and braced forward, as in the illustration, to give the necessary obliquity to the sail already mentioned; facere pedem (Virg. Aen. v. 828.), to slack out the sheets in order that the sail may expand to the wind, also implying that the wind comes from a favourable quarter.
4. Pes vinaceorum. The mass of grape skins and stalks remaining after the first juice, which made the finest wine, had been squeezed out by the press-beam (prelum), and from which the wine termed circumcidaneum, and other inferior qualities, were subsequently extracted by the repeated action of the beam. Columell. xii. 43. 10. Ib. 19. 3. Compare the woodcut s. TORCULAR.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Petasatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PETASA'TUS. (Cic. Fam. xv. 17. Suet. Aug. 82.) Wearing the petasus, as described and illustrated in the following word.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Petasus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PET'ASUS (πέτασος). A common felt hat, with a low crown and broad brim, adopted by the Romans from Greece, and worn in both countries as a protection against the sun and weather. (Plaut. Pseud. ii. 4. 45. Amph. i. 1. 190. Compare Suet. Aug. 82.) Hats of this kind were naturally made in many different shapes, according to individual caprice or fashion; but the most usual form approximated closely to that now worn by our country people and railroad labourers, with the exception of being fastened by strings, which either passed under the chin or round the back part of the head. Both of these manners are exhibited in the illustrations (Petasus/1.1), the one from a Pompeian painting, the other from a Greek bas-relief. Most of the horsemen in the Panathenaic procession, from the Parthenon, preserved in the British Museum, wear the petasus; and one of the conventional signs, adopted by the Greek artists, to indicate that a person was represented on a journey, consisted in depicting him with a petasus slung at the back of his neck, as seen on the figure at p. 147.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Petaurista

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PETAURIS'TA (πεταυριστής). One who performs feats of agility upon the machine termed petaurum (Festus s. v. Varro ap. Non. s. v. p. 56. Pet. Sat. 53. 11.); but as the real nature of that object has not been ascertained, it is impossible to identify the character of those who exhibited themselves upon it.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Petaurum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PETAU'RUM (πέταυρον). A Greek word, signifying in that language a perch for fowls to roost on; whence it was adopted, amongst the Romans more particularly, as the name for a contrivance or machine employed in the exhibition of certain feats of strengh and agility, or as in a game of mere amusement, like that of swinging. Its precise character, however, still remains involved in uncertainty, every attempt at a definite explanation failing to reconcile itself with the different passages in which the word occurs, though each appears to be supported by some one or more of them. Amongst these the following are the most plausible conjectures hazarded. 1. A general term for all the apparatus used by rope-dancers, tumblers, and similar characters; including the poles, ropes, hoops, &c., required for the different displays exhibited by them. 2. A long plank poised upon an upright at its centre of gravity, and working like our "see-saw," with one man at each extremity, and the third who stood upon the centre, and bounded over the heads of the others on to the ground and back again, something like the exhibition displayed upon the gem introduced s. MONOBOLON. 3. A wheel suspended in the air, and worked round and round by the weight of two men standing upon it, one above and the other below, who also exhibited other feats of dexterity whilst they thus kept it in motion. 4. A wheel, placed horizontally, like a potter's wheel, upon which the tumbler performed his evolutions, whilst the wheel itself was in a state of rapid rotation. The passages relied on for each of these interpretations are the following: — Lucil. ap. Fest. s. v., or p. 87. 40. ed. Gerlach. Manil. Astron. v. 434. Juv. xiv. 265. Pet. Fragm. 13. Mart. ii. 86. xi. 21.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Petoritum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PETO'RITUM or PETOR'RITUM. A four-wheeled open carriage, amongst the Romans used chiefly for the transport of servants and attendants, but of which no representation is known to exist. It was, however, of foreign origin, probably introduced from Gaul, and derived from the Celtic words petoar, four, and rit, a wheel. Hor. Ep. ii. 1. 192. Id. Sat. i. 6. 104. Festus s. v. Aul. Gell. xv. 30.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Phaecasiatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PHAECASIA'TUS. Wearing shoes of the kind called phaecasia; especially characteristic of the Greeks. Senec. Ep. 113.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Phaecasium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PHAECAS'IUM (φαικάσιον). A white shoe, proper to the Athenian gymnasiarchs and priesthood of Greece and Alexandria; though also adopted by other classes of both sexes. Senec. Ben. vii. 21. Anthol. vi. 254. Pet. Sat. 67. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Phalangarii

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PHALANGA'RII or PALANGA'RII. Porters who carried things of bulk or great weight with the assistance of a strong pole (phalanga). Four, sex, and even eight men by this means combined their strength for the transport of a single object, as shown by the annexed example (Phalangarii/1.1), from a terra-cotta lamp, representing eight porters bearing a cask of wine, suspended in the manner described. Vitruv. x. 3. 7. Inscript. ap. Fabretti, p. 10.
2. Soldiers formed into a phalanx. Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 50.