OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Sarracum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SARRA'CUM. A particular kind of wagon or cart, of foreign origin, but adopted into Italy (Sisenn. ap. Non. s. Carra, p. 195. Capitolin. M. Antonin. 13.), where it was commonly employed by the agricultural population as a conveyance for themselves and families (Cic. Fragm. in Pis. ap. Quint. viii. 3. 21.), and for transporting the produce of their farms to market. The circumstance of its being mentioned by the Roman authors in connexion with the plaustrum (Juv. iii. 254.), or as a quasi synonynme with it (Id. v. 23.), indicates that it must have had considerable resemblance to that particular conveyance, though at the same time with some difference from it; hence the inducement for proposing the figure exhibited by the annexed illustration (Sarracum/1.1) as a genuine example of a sarracum. It is copied from a painting representing a group of country people in the market-place of Herculaneum, and possesses two principal qualities which characterize a genuine plaustrum: viz. a thick platform of boarding placed upon a pair of solid wheels (tympana) instead of radiated ones (rotae), but differs from it in the essential particular, that it has a regular body with close sides affixed to the platform instead of a mere basket placed upon it, or an open railing, or nothing at all, as was usual with that kind of wagon, and will be perceived by referring to the article and illustration s. PLAUSTRUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Sarritio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SARRI'TIO or SARI'TIO. The act of hoeing out weeds from young plants and crops. (Columell. ii. 11. 4. Plin. H. N. xviii. 50.) It was performed with the sarculum; but differs from sarculatio, which expresses the hoeing up of earth to the plant; and from runcatio, which expresses the weeding and thinning with the hand and the instrument termed runco.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Sarritor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SARRI'TOR or SARI'TOR. A labourer who performs the sarritio, as just explained. Columell. xi. 13. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Sarritura

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SARRITU'RA. Same as SARRITIO.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Sartago

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SARTA'GO (τήγανον). A kitchen utensil, believed to be the same as our frying-pan, of which an example is afforded by the annexed illustration (Sartago/1.1) from an original of bronze, discovered at Pompeii. Plin. H. N. xvi. 22. Juv. x. 64.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Sartor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SAR'TOR (from sarcio). Same as SARCINATOR. Non. s. v. p. 7.
2. (from sarrio.) Same as SARRITOR. Plaut. Capt. iii. 5. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Satrapa

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SAT'RAPA, SAT'RAPES, and SATRAP'S (σατράπης). A satrap; i. e. a Persian officer of high rank, who acted in the capacity of governor of a province, or viceroy for the king. (Quint. Curt. iii. 13. Nepos, Con. 2.) One of the distinctive badges of these personages consisted in the right of wearing a tall, stiff, upright cap (tiara recta), which, as being worn by the annexed figure (Satrapa/1.1), from a Persepolitan sculpture, induces the belief that it represents an officer of the quality described.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Savanum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SAV'ANUM. See SABANUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Savillum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SAVIL'LUM or SUAVIL'LUM. A sort of pudding, made of flour, cheese, eggs, and honey, and served up to table in the vessel it was cooked in, like our puddings in a pie-dish. Cato, R. R. 84.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Saxum quadratum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SAXUM QUADRATUM. A rock of volcanic formation, termed by the Italian geologists "lithoid tufo" (tufa litoide), the same as that which forms the basis of the Capitoline hill, and which received the name from the rectangular masses into which its natural fissures divide it. All the earlier buildings ascribed to the legendary period of the kings, the underground dungeon of Servius Tullius, the Cloaca Maxima, and the substructions of the Capitolium, are built of this material, which in fact was the only one in use until the introduction of the Appian and Gabian stone, now designated by the name of peperino. It is consequently this which Livy designates by the name of saxum quadratum (vi. 4.), when speaking of the foundations of the Capitoline temple; and the same material is intended (x. 23.) when he says that the road from the Porta Capena to the temple of Mars was paved saxo quadrato; not that the stones were regularly squared, like ashlar, since the Romans always employed polygonal blocks for road paving (see the article and illustration s. VIA), but that the material used was lithoid tufo, instead of silex, which in his time was the usual one. Brocchi, Suolo di Roma.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scabellum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCABEL'LUM. Diminutive of SCAMNUM (Quint. i. 4. 12.); a small square stool, forming but one step, or consisting of a single height (Varro, L. L. v. 168.), employed as a bedstep, when the bedstead was not a very high one (Varro, l. c.), as shown by the annexed illustration (Scabellum/1.1) from a Roman bas-relief.
2. (ὑποπόδιον). A foot-stool, of similar character, placed before a chair or seat for the feet to rest upon as in the annexed example (Scabellum/2.1) from a Pompein painting. Isidor. Orig. xx. 11. 8.
3. (κρουπέζια). A musical instrument; consisting of a very thick-soled wooden shoe (Pollux, vii. 87.) with a deep fissure under the toes, which, when yielding to the pressure of the foot, emitted certain notes from a small machine of metal (compare Lucian, Salt. 83.) placed between its upper and lower surfaces. It was worn by the pipe-player (tibicen) at the theatre (Pollux, x. 153.); and was especially used to give notice of the commencement and termination of an Act (Cic. Cael. 27.); to beat the time, and make an accompaniment with other instruments (Suet. Cal. 54. August. de Mus. 3.) Although some doubts are entertained respecting the accuracy of the interpretation here given, yet the numerous remaining representations of a contrivance similar to the one exhibited by the woodcut (Scabellum/3.1), from an ancient marble statue, and the characters by whom it is used, afford a very strong evidence of its correctness. A terra-cotta of the British Museum shows a figure by the side of a wine-vat playing on the double pipes (tibiae pares) while he beats time upon an instrument similar to the one engraved above; a marble sarcophagus published by Visconti (Mus. Pio Clem. v. tav. C.) exhibits a female playing the Phrygian pipes (tibia Phrygia) and beating time upon a similar instrument; and a female statue of the Capitol (Mus. Capitolin. iii. 36.) has the same contrivance under her foot.
* Scabellum/1.1
* Scabellum/2.1
* Scabellum/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scalmus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCAL'MUS (σκαλμός). The thowl; a strong wooden stay on the inside of a vessel to which the oar was attached by means of a thong (struppus) to keep it firm and steady in rowing. (Cic. Brut. 53. Id. Or. i. 38. Vitruv. x. 3. 6.) Being inside the vessel, this object is not apparent in any ancient work of art; but there can be no doubt that it was formed in the same way as in the Mediterranean galleys of the 16th century, from which the example (Scalmus/1.1) is taken.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scalpellum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCALPEL'LUM and -US (σμιλίον). Diminutive of SCALPER or SCALPRUM. A small sharp surgical knife, employed for cutting away the proud flesh round a wound (Columell. vi. 32. Plin. H. N. xxviii. 28. Cic. Sext. 65.); and for opening veins to let blood. (Cels. ii. 10.)
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scalper

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCAL'PER. Same as SCALPRUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scalprum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCAL'PRUM (σμίλη, κολαπτήρ). A sharp, cutting instrument, employed by artists and mechanics for a variety of purposes, and belonging to the class which we denominate chisels or celts (Isidor. Orig. xix. 19. 13.); that is, which are driven with a mallet, or, when applied for cutting are thrust from the person using them, instead of being drawn towards him; though the name was also given to several other instruments ordinarily used for cutting, as explained in the subsequent paragraphs.
1. Scalprum fabrile. A common chisel, driven by a mallet (Liv. xxvii. 49. malleo adactum) of the same description with those still in use, as shown by the annexed examples (Scalprum/1.1), both from originals in the British museum; the left hand one being formed to receive a wooden handle, like those used by carpenters, the other entirely of metal, like those used by stone-masons.
2. A leather-cutter's, or shoe-maker's knife (Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 106. Jul. Pollux, vii. 83.); of the same form as those used for similar purposes in our own times, as shown by the annexed example (Scalprum/2.1), from an original found at Pompeii.
3. An instrument employed by surgeons (Jul. Poll. iv. 181. x. 141.) for opening wounds, and cutting away parts of the diseased flesh (Celsus, viii. 3. and 4.); for which purpose the annexed example (Scalprum/3.1), from an original found in a surgeon's shop at Pompeii, is supposed by medical men to have been intended.
4. A pen-knife; used by the transcribers and copyists (librarii) in the employ of private individuals or of booksellers, for tempering the reed pen (arundo, calamus), with which an ancient MS. was written. (Tac. Ann. v. 8. Suet. Vitell. 2.) The example (Scalprum/4.1) is from an original excavated at Rome; the handle is of bone, into which the blade is made to shut, precisely in the same manner as now practised.
5. A particular part of the vinedresser's pruning hook (falx vinitoria) situated between the sinus and the rostrum, as will be understood by referring to the article and illustration at p. 274 s. FALX, 5. Columell. iv. 25. 1. Plin. H. N. xvii. 26.
* Scalprum/1.1
* Scalprum/2.1
* Scalprum/3.1
* Scalprum/4.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scalptorium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCALPTO'RIUM. An instrument made in the form of the human hand for scratching any part of the person not otherwise easily accesible. Mart. xiv. 83.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scalptor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCALP'TOR. An artist who executes with the chisel (scalprum), as in the annexed illustration (Scalptor/1.1) from an engraved gem found at Pompeii, which represents an artist at work upon a marble vase. Scholars differ greatly in opinion respecting the accurate meaning of the two words Scalptor and Sculptor; some considering them to be purely synonymous (B. Crusius, Clavis Suet. s. Scalpere); others that the first designates an engraver of gems only, the latter a sculptor of marble (Ernesti ad Suet. Aug. 50. Nero, 46.); others that the scalptor means an artist who executes coarser or commoner kinds of work than the sculptor (Oudendorp, ad Suet. Galb. 10.); and others leave the matter in doubt as one which cannot be decided. (Bremi ad Suet. Aug. 50. Heindorf. ad Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 22.) Thus the term is used to designate a gem engraver (Plin. H. N. xxxvii. 15. scalptor gemmarum); a sculptor (Id. xxxvi. 5. scalptor marmorum); and an artist who makes the dies for coins. (Inscript. ap. Marin. Iscriz. Alb. p. 109. scalptor monetae.)
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scalpturatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCALPTURA'TUS. Engraved with the chisel (scalprum).
2. Pavimentum scalpturatum. See PAVIMENTUM, 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scamma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCA'MMA (σκάμμα). A Greek word signifying that which is dug, as a trench or ditch; thence a ring in the gymnasium, within which the wrestlers contended, because it was defined by a small trench scraped in the sand, to mark the limits beyond which no competitor was permitted to retreat. (Cael. Aurel. Tard. ii. 1. Polyb. xl. 55.) Amongst the Romans, athletic contests were exhibited in the broad end of the circus; which explains the otherwise unaccountable introduction of two accessories commonly met with in bas-reliefs representing the Circensian games, viz., a hoe (sarculum), and a basket of sand (haphe), the former being used to make the ring, the latter to sprinkle over the bodies of the wrestlers.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scamnatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCAMNA'TUS (sc. ager). See SCAMNUM, 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scandularis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCANDULA'RIS. Made or covered with shingles (scandulae). Apul. Met. iii. p. 54.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scandularius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCANDULA'RIUS. One whose business consists in laying a roof with shingles (scandulae). Arcad. Dig. 50. 6. 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scandula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCAN'DULA or SCIN'DULA (σχίδαξ). A shingle; i. e. a small board about a foot long, employed in early times instead of tiles, for covering the roof of a house. Shingles continued to be commonly used at Rome until the period of the war with Pyrrhus. Plin. H. N. xvi. 15. Pallad. i. 22.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scansoria machina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCANSO'RIA MACHINA (ἀκροβατική μηχανή). A scaffolding for working upon at any elevation above the ground. Vitruv. x. 1. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scapha

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCAPH'A (σκάφη). A skiff, cutter, long-boat, or jolly-boat, carried on board larger vessels, to be lowered and used as occasion required. (Caes. B. C. iii. 24. Cic. Inv. ii. 79. Pet. Sat. 101. 7.) The modern name of skiff, which appears to retain the elements of the ancient term, and designates a form of boat precisely similar to the one exhibited by the annexed wood-cut (Scapha/1.1), from a Pompeian painting — that is, with a broadish body, sharpish head, and small flat stern, — favours the conjecture that it affords a genuine specimen of the model designated by the term scapha; but even if that be doubtful, the example is in every respect worthy of attention, as one of the very few remaining illustrations of ancient ship or boat building, which affords a practical model, with correctness of form and detail, instead of the usual imperfect and conventional style of representation, so generally adopted by the ancient artists when treating marine subjects.
2. A smaller boat, constructed upon the same model as the preceding, but rowed only by a pair of oars (Hor. Od. iii. 29. 62. biremis scapha), and employed for river and coasting occupations, such as fishing (Justin. ii. 13. piscatoria scapha), &c.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scaphe

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCAPH'E (Vitruv. ix. 8.) Same as SCAPHIUM, 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scaphium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCAPH'IUM (σκάφιον). A vessel of small dimensions and Greek invention, employed at the dinner table as a wine cup. It was sometimes made of silver (Phylarch. ap. Athen. iv. 21.), and elaborately ornamented as an object of luxury (Plaut. Stich. v. 4. 11. Cic. Verr. ii. 4. 17.); and appears to have belonged to the same class of utensils as the patera or phiala, since Plutarch (Agid. et Cleom. p. 811.) uses the latter term to designate the same vessel which is called scaphium by Phylarchus (Athen. l. c.). Perhaps the real distinction between these words consisted in this, that when the cup was a mere saucer without any handle, it was called a patera by the Romans, and phiala (φιάλη) by the Greeks; when furnished with a projecting handle, like the annexed example (Scaphium/1.1) from an original found at Pompeii, (which gives to the whole object a certain similitude to the boat scapha, after which it was named,) then it received the special name of scaphium and σκάφιον. The same article is also enumerated amongst the necessaries of a woman's dressing-room (Juv. vi. 263. Ulp. Dig. 34. 2. 28.), but for what particular purpose is not sufficiently ascertained.
2. A sun-dial, formed by a hollow circular vessel, within which the hour lines were drawn (Marc. Capell. vi. 194.), as in the example (Scaphium/2.1) from a statue formerly existing at Ravenna. It received the present name from its resemblance in form to the bowl of the preceding utensil, but was also termed hemisphaerium, from its affinity with that figure. Vitruv. ix. 8.
* Scaphium/1.1
* Scaphium/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Scaphula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCAPH'ULA (σκαφίδιον). Diminutive of SCAPHA. Veg. Mil. iii. 7.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Sceletus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SCEL'ETUS (σκελετός). Literally dried or parched up like a mummy (Apul. Apol. pp. 504. 507.); not a skeleton in our notion of the word, for that was termed larva.