OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# University of Florida/Egm4313/s12.team15.r6

< Team 15
REPORT 6

## R6.1
### Author

Solved and typed by
Reviewed By -

## R6.2
### Author

Solved and typed by -
Reviewed By -

## R6.3
### Author

Solved and typed by -
Reviewed By -

## R6.4
### Author

Solved and typed by - Kristin Howe and
Reviewed By -

## R6.5
### Author

Solved and typed by -
Reviewed By -

## R6.6
### Author

Solved and typed by -
Reviewed By -

### Contributing Members

Team Contribution Table :
| Problem Number | Lecture | Assigned To | Solved By | Typed By | Proofread By |
| 2.1 | [Lecture link] | Name | Name | Name | Name |
| 2.2 | [Lecture link] | Name | Name | Name | Name |
| 2.3 | [Lecture link] | Name | Name | Name | Name |
| 2.4 | [Lecture link] | Name | Name | Name | Name |
| 2.5 | [Lecture link] | Name | Name | Name | Name |
| 2.6 | [Lecture link] | Name | Name | Name | Name |
# Vector space/Finitely generated/Length of every basis/Fact

Let $K$ be a field, and let $V$ be a $K$-vector space with a finite generating system.
bases
$V$
# Vector space/Finite family/Linearly independent and dimension of spanned subspace/Exercise

Let $K$ be a field, and let $V$ be a $K$-vector space. Let $v_{1},\ldots ,v_{m}$ be a family of vectors in $V$, and let
    $U=\langle v_{i},\,i=1,\ldots ,m\rangle \,$
be the linear subspace they span. Prove that the family is linearly independent if and only if the dimension of $U$ is exactly $m$.
# Vector space/Finite dimensional/Linear subspace/Direct complement/Fact/Proof

Let $v_{1},\ldots ,v_{k}$ denote a basis of $U$. We can extend this basis, according to fact, to a basis $v_{1},\ldots ,v_{k},v_{k+1},\ldots ,v_{n}$ of $V$. Then
    $W=\langle v_{k+1},\ldots ,v_{n}\rangle \,$
fulfills all the properties of a direct sum.
# Vector space/Finite family/Properties of substitution/Exercise

Let $K$ be a field, and let $V$ be a $K$-vector space. Let $v_{1},\ldots ,v_{n}$ be a family of vectors in $V$. Consider the map
    $\varphi \colon K^{n}\longrightarrow V,(s_{1},\ldots ,s_{n})\longmapsto \sum _{i=1}^{n}s_{i}v_{i},$
and prove the following statements.
* $\varphi$ is injective if and only if $v_{1},\ldots ,v_{n}$ are linearly independent.
* $\varphi$ is surjective if and only if $v_{1},\ldots ,v_{n}$ is a system of generators for $V$.
* $\varphi$ is bijective if and only if $v_{1},\ldots ,v_{n}$ form a basis.
# Vector space/Finitely generated/Basis/Fact

Let $K$ be a field, and let $V$ be a $K$-vector space with a finite generating system.
$V$
# What Matters/Emotional Competency
## Emotional Competency

Emotional Competency is the essential set of social skills required to recognize, interpret, and respond constructively to emotions in yourself and others.
Emotional competency is an important skill that can provide several benefits throughout many aspects of your life. It can increase your satisfaction with relationships while it increases your gratification and contentment with the many interpersonal events in your life. It can give you greater insight and help you better understand the motives and actions of yourself and others. You can begin to free yourself from anger, hate, resentment, vengeance, and other destructive emotions that cause hurt and pain. You can feel relief and enjoy greater peace-of-mind, autonomy, intimacy, dignity, and wisdom as you engage more deeply with others. Increasing your tolerance and compassion can lead to an authentic optimism and a well-founded confidence, based on your better understanding and interpretation of what-is.

### Assignment:

Increase your emotional competency by completing the emotional competency study guide.

### Suggestions for further reading:

Students interested in learning more about emotional competency may be interested in the following materials:
* Lazarus, Richard S.; Lazarus, Bernice N.. Passion and Reason: Making Sense of Our Emotions. Oxford University Press. pp. 336. ISBN 978-0195104615.
* Goleman, Daniel (September 27, 2005). Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. Bantam Books. pp. 384. ISBN 978-0553383713.
* Ekman, Paul (March 20, 2007). Emotions Revealed: Recognizing Faces and Feelings to Improve Communication and Emotional Life. Holt Paperbacks. pp. 320. ISBN 978-0805083392.
* Dalai Lama; Ekman, Paul (March 31, 2009). Emotional Awareness: Overcoming the Obstacles to Psychological Balance and Compassion. Holt Paperbacks. pp. 288. ISBN 978-0805090215.
* Ortony, Andrew; Clore, Gerald L.; Collins, Allan (May 25, 1990). The Cognitive Structure of Emotions. Cambridge University Press. pp. 226. ISBN 978-0521386647.
* Ledoux, Joseph E. (March 27, 1998). The Emotional Brain: The Mysterious Underpinnings of Emotional Life. Simon & Schuster. pp. 384. ISBN 978-0684836591.
* Goleman, Daniel (March 30, 2004). Destructive Emotions: A Scientific Dialogue with the Dalai Lama. pp. 448. ISBN 978-0553381054.
* Robinson, Michael D.; Watkins, Edward R.; Harmon-Jones, Eddie (March 29, 2013). Handbook of Cognition and Emotion. The Guilford Press. pp. 594. ISBN 978-1462509997.
# What Matters/Courage
## Courage

Courageous people choose to place their well-chosen goals ahead of their fears, convenience, impulses, or other short-term comforts and enticements. Courage is the choice to act according to your values and pursue your goals rather than be distracted or seduced by temptations. Courageous people understand the dangers and feel the fear, and then find the strength, perseverance, and self-discipline to meet the challenge and do the right thing. Strength and wisdom combine as you ward off temptation, overcome obstacles, meet the challenge, and act according to your values. Commitment prevails over comfort.
Courageous people:
* Have a strong commitment to achieving significant goals,
* Take full responsibility for their actions and results,
* Often have attained skills and abilities that prepare them to overcome challenges and reach those goals, and
* Are familiar with fear and hardship are experienced in overcoming it.
Although we often think first of physical courage in the form of valor and bravery, courage is also manifest as endurance entailing perseverance, industry, and diligence and as moral courage requiring integrity, genuineness, and honesty.

### Assignment:

* Study this progression of action stages, reading the description of each stage beginning with "thrashing" and progressing through each stage to "real progress".
* Determine what stage you are now in.
* Follow the instructions for "moving on" from your present stage to the next stage.
* Always do your best.

### Suggestions for further reading:

* Warrell, Margie (2008). Find Your Courage: 12 Acts for Becoming Fearless at Work and in Life. McGraw-Hill. pp. 304. ISBN 978-0071605373.
* Miller, William Ian (2002). The Mystery of Courage. Harvard University Press. pp. 360. ISBN 978-0674008267.
# What Matters/Esteem and Recognition
### Esteem and Recognition

The word esteem means: to regard favorably, or to think highly of. Healthy esteem requires:
* understanding your own strengths and limitations,
* acknowledging your strengths by holding yourself in high regard,
* recognizing and accepting your limitations simply as evidence you are finite rather than as shameful defects in your being, and
* engaging authentically with others so that people who know you best think well of you.
Earn authentic recognition and respect from the people who know you best.
Healthy self-esteem rejects the false pride of hubris and the self-aggrandizing of narcissism. It also avoids debilitating shame. Find that balance that comes from knowing your strengths and limitations.

### Assignment:

* Study this list of character strengths and virtues. Identify the 3-5 strengths on the list that best describe you.
** consider completing the strengths survey linked from the authentic happiness site.
* Notice how you apply each of your strengths in everyday situations, to solve problems, and to contribute to larger projects.
* Identify additional beneficial ways to apply your strengths.

### Suggestions for further reading:

* (Find books to recommend here.)

### References:

* ↑ dictionary.com entry for esteem
# What Matters/Dignity
## Dignity

Dignity is the quality of worth and honor intrinsic to every person. You are worthy simply because you exist.

### Assignment:

* Complete the Wikiversity course on Dignity.
* Honor and preserve your own dignity.
* Honor and preserve the dignity of others.

### Suggestions for further reading:

* Stockett, Kathryn (2009). The Help. Penguin Books. pp. 451. ISBN 0399155341.
* (Evaluate: Dignity: The Essential Role It Plays in Resolving Conflict )
# What Matters/Enlightenment
## Enlightenment

Enlightenment refers to "full comprehension of a situation" and is a particular mental transformation that you may experience. While the specifics of each experience vary widely, they all share certain characteristics: oneness, clarity, intensity, surrender, and permanent change in some core aspect of your life. The experience can be interpreted spiritually, or secularly.
Researcher and author Andrew Newburg studies Enlightenment experiences and makes the following claims:
* “The ability to experience enlightenment, big or small, appears to be ‘wired’ into our brain and consciousness.”
* Subjects who have experienced enlightenment typically report, “a new sense of meaning and purpose in his life, feels differently about his job and relationships, and no longer fears failure or even death.”
* “When you get right down to it, Enlightenment is the implicit goal of every mystical tradition in the world: to fully surrender oneself to the unity of God, consciousness, truth, or whatever principle is core to the religious or spiritual philosophy,” and
* “Enlightenment is for anyone.”

### Assignment

* Read section three of the book How Enlightenment Changes Your Brain: The New Science of Transformation by: Andrew Newberg and Mark Robert Waldman
* Follow their guidance to seek your own enlightenment experience.

### Suggestions for further reading:

* Newberg, Andrew B.; Waldman, Mark Robert (March 15, 2016). How Enlightenment Changes Your Brain: The New Science of Transformation. Avery. pp. 288. ISBN 978-1594633454.
# What Matters/Family
## Family

Life often centers on your family. If your family provides you with harmonious relationships and a safe haven from the difficulties of the world, it may be your greatest source of well-being. However, if the family is chaotic and the family relationships are discordant, the family will be a source of stress and unhappiness. Alternatively you may be, or feel, distant or isolated from your family.

### Assignment 1:

Enjoy spending time together as a family. This might be enjoying meals together a few times a week, reading to young children, playing cards or solving a puzzle together, playing ball in the yard, skating, sledding, skiing, swimming, biking, or hiking together, or some other activity where you each enjoy active participation and interaction. Consider keeping a journal on what you enjoyed about your family activity and doing more of that.

### Assignment 2:

* Identify all the people in your (extended) family. Consider parents, siblings, spouse, and children as appropriate. Include grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, lovers, the departed, and others if they are important to your family dynamics.
* Briefly describe the relationship you have with each of these family members. Is it close and harmonious, strained, distant, estranged, hostile, or any of the various types described in this list of emotional relationships? Consider drawing a genogram of the family.
* For each relationship that is important to you, work to make it more harmonious.
** Contact the person and tell them that you value the relationship and you want to work to improve it.
** Make amends: forgive, and apologize where you can do so sincerely.
** Practice tolerance and compassion.
** Value, but do not expect, constructive reciprocity.
*** Disengage from any abusive relationships.
** Follow these rules during your interactions. Work to resolve your conflicts constructively.
*** Consider completing the Wikiversity course on Practicing Dialogue.
*** Consider completing the Wikiversity course on Transcending Conflict.

### Suggestions for further reading:

* Satir, Virginia (1988). The new peoplemaking. Palo Alto, CA: Science and Behavior Books. ISBN 0-8314-0070-6.
* Berne, Eric (1996). Games People Play: The Basic Handbook of Transactional Analysis. Ballantine Books. pp. 216. ISBN 978-0345410030.
* If you are considering professional family counseling the book Family Healing may give you a glimpse of how one skillful therapist works.
* (Evaluate: Rebuilding Workbook: When Your Relationship Ends by Bruce Fisher)
* (Evaluate: Getting Free: You Can End Abuse and Take Back Your Life by Ginny NiCarthy)

### References:

* ↑ Minuchin, Salvador (1998). Family Healing: Strategies for Hope and Understanding. Free Press. pp. 304. ISBN 978-0684855738.
# What Matters/Compassion
## Compassion

Compassion is your deeply felt ability to understand the suffering of another and your desire to relieve their suffering. The word means to suffer together.
Compassion is recognized as a great virtue in numerous philosophies, and is considered in all the major religious traditions as among the greatest of virtues.
Frenchman Matthieu Ricard is remarkable for his extraordinary capacity for compassion. As a result, he has been called the happiest person in the world.

### Assignment:

* Communicate using dialogue rather than debate.
* Study this essay on becoming compassionate. Take the steps outlined for getting there.
* Read the book Ricard, Matthieu; Goleman, Daniel (2007). Happiness: A Guide to Developing Life's Most Important Skill. Little, Brown and Company. pp. 304. ISBN 978-0316167253. http://www.wisdompage.com/reviews/index.php?action=productDetail&id=72.
* Practice the exercises described in the book to increase your capacity for compassion.
* Practice compassion.
** Perform kind acts spontaneously, such as these examples.

### Suggestions for further reading:

* Ricard, Matthieu; Goleman, Daniel (2007). Happiness: A Guide to Developing Life's Most Important Skill. Little, Brown and Company. pp. 304. ISBN 978-0316167253. http://www.wisdompage.com/reviews/index.php?action=productDetail&id=72.
* Armstrong, Karen (2010). Twelve Steps to a Compassionate Life. Knopf. pp. 240. ISBN 978-0307595591.
* (Evaluate the book: Field Notes on the Compassionate Life: A Search for the Soul of Kindness )
* (Evaluate the book: Healing Emotions: Conversations with the Dalai Lama on Mindfulness, Emotions, and Health )
# What Matters/Creativity
### Creativity

Creativity is your ability to generate new and useful ideas. It may be expressed in problem solving, a work of art, written work, song, humor, invention, and in many other ways. Experiencing the creative moment can be one of the most fulfilling experiences of your life.

### Assignment:

* Complete the Wikiversity course on Creativity. Share the fruits of your creativity with others who genuinely appreciate them.

### Suggestions for further reading:

* Cameron, Julia (2002). The Artist's Way. Tarcher. pp. 256. ISBN 978-1585421473.
* von Oech, Roger (2008). A Whack on the Side of the Head: How You Can Be More Creative. Business Plus. pp. 256. ISBN 978-0446404662.
# What Matters/Dreaming
## Dreaming

We may never know when the first person dreamed of traveling to the moon, but dreaming of the adventure was the first step toward making it happen. The famous articulation of that dream, expressed as a specific national goal by President John F. Kennedy focused the efforts of a nation on making it happen. Then Martin Luther King, Jr. inspired millions to improve civil rights throughout the United States when he famously declared “I Have a Dream” as he shared his bold and vivid vision of a better future.
Create and maintain your vision for a better tomorrow. Maintain a positive outlook.

### Assignment:

What is your dream?
* Write a (fictional) narrative describing the daily life of a particular person, perhaps your granddaughter, living in the future as you would like to see it unfold.
** The Wikiversity course Envisioning Our Future may be helpful.
* Identify any actions you can take now to help that future happen as you envision it.

### Suggestions for further reading:

* Kevin Costner (Actor), James Earl Jones (Actor), Phil Alden Robinson (Director) (1989). Field of Dreams (DVD) (in English). Universal Studios.
* Stone Zander, Rosamund; Zander, Benjamin (224). The Art of Possibility: Transforming Professional and Personal Life. Penguin. pp. 224. ISBN 978-0142001103.
* (Evaluate: Creative Visualization: Use the Power of Your Imagination to Create What You Want in Your Life )
# Nilpotent endomorphism/Trigonalizable/Fact/Proof

This follows directly from fact and fact.
# 2x2-matrix/Nilpotent/Jordan/Example

A matrix of the form
    $M={\begin{pmatrix}0&a\\0&0\end{pmatrix}}\,$
with $a\neq 0$ has, with respect the basis $ae_{1}$ and $e_{2}$, the form
    ${\begin{pmatrix}0&1\\0&0\end{pmatrix}}.$
# American Revolution/Chapter 2: The Colonists in 1750
## Learning Objectives

* Lesson 1: Describe the cultural and racial background of the English colonies.
* Lesson 2: Describe the religious traditions/beliefs of the various racial and ethnic groups.
* Lesson 3: List the prominent cultural motifs of the English colonies, including art, literature, and drama.
# Ammeters
## Problem Statement

* Replace 1K resistor in voltmeter as converted ammeter.
* Learn how to use circuit lab.
* Use circuit lab to find the resistors.

#### voltmeter,ammeter and schematic review

Demonstrate how voltmeter works: Open voltmeter check inside
* It is easy to solder on the resistor and put the meter back together.
* Figure out how to convert voltmeter to ammeter.
** Here is a solution. Conversion of voltmeter to ammeter
** Following this pdf instruction to find the resistor.
* Where to place the ammeter in the power supply?
* Figure out why need a shunt resistance.
* Figure out why change series connection to parallel connection

## The Design Process

* Open up the voltmeter.
** unscrew the front cover.This is the front view after I take off the front cover.
** unscrew the back cover.This is the back nuts we need to unscrew them.
** take out the inner part,then will see the resistance on back. Voltmeter inner partSee voltmeter resistance on the back after take out inner part.
** change voltmeter's resistance to a smaller shunt resistance.(1ohm or <1 ohm,need to confirm)
** put shunt resistance in parallel connect.
*** Solution:replace 1ohm resistor with voltmeter's resistor.

##### Experiment prototypes and tests need for design

* We will test the ammeter and use it in the power supply.
# Ammonoids/Quiz

Ammonoids is a lecture and an article from the school of geology based in part on paleontology and on gene transcription, with an eye towards describing ammonoids genetically.
You are free to take this quiz based on the ammonoids lecture at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{geology resources}} or {{gene project}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* Ammonoids are all cephalopods that can grow an external shell.
# American Revolution/Chapter 2: The Colonists in 1750/Lesson 1

* 1619 -- First blacks brought on Dutch ship to Jamestown.
* 1620 -- First pilgrims find Plymouth.
* 1622 -- The Indian Massacre of 1622 in Virginia
# Amitosis
## AMITOSIS
### What is AMITOSIS ?

Human beings grow, reproduce, and are alive because of a most important process which takes place in all living beings known as cellular division. Cellular division is of three types in living organisms, namely MITOSIS, MEIOSIS, and AMITOSIS. Amitosis is the process of cellular division which majorly takes in the lower organisms like bacteria. This type of cellular division is a primitive type of division in which the nucleus of the cell divides unequally and then the cytoplasm divides. That is, the karyokinesis is followed by cytokinesis. In amitosis the chromatin fibers do not condense into chromosomes. The chromosomes do not appear as chromatics' and Centro meres are not distinctly seen. During the division of cells in amitosis the chromatin fibers do not replicate as in mitosis. The genetic material does not get equally distributed when the nucleus divides into two nuclei. Thus the two daughter cells do not look identical. Then the cytoplasm which is viscous gets divided that is the cytokinesis.
# American Society of Civil Engineers

The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) founded in 1852 to represent members of the civil engineering profession worldwide is the oldest national engineering society in the United States. Its world headquarters is in Reston, Virginia.

## Mission

ASCE's mission is to provide essential value to its members and their careers; to its partners and to the public. ASCE seeks to provide value by:
* Developing leadership skills in its members and supporting civil engineer leaders;
* Facilitating advancement of the technology utilized by the profession;
* Encouraging and providing tools for lifelong learning within the profession;
* Advocating infrastructure and environmental stewardship; and
* Promoting professionalism and the civil engineering profession.

## Other websites

* ASCE (Official Website)
* Levees.Org Grassroots organization critical of the ASCE's investigation into the New Orleans area levee failures.
* YouTube video Satire spoofing cozy relationship between ASCE and Army Corps of Engineers
* Video about ASCE selected Seven Wonders of the Modern World. A virtual satellite tour made with Google Earth (02:38)
* Report Card Official Web Page 2009 Report Card for America's Infrastructure.
# Climate
## Definition

According to world metrological organisation Climate characterizes the average weather conditions for a particular location over a long period of time
Climate is the long-term pattern of weather in a particular area. Weather can change from hour-to-hour, day-to-day, month-to-month or even year-to-year. A region's weather patterns, usually tracked for at least 30 years, are considered its climate.

### Types Of Climate

There are five types of climate
* Tropical.
* Dry.
* Temperate.
* Continental.
* Polar.

### Different between Weather and Climate

Weather reflects short-term conditions of the atmosphere while climate is the average daily weather for an extended period of time at a certain location.

### Classification of Climate

koppen climate classification scheme divides climates into five main climate groups: A (tropical), B (arid), C (temperate), D (continental), and E (polar). The second letter indicates the seasonal precipitation type, while the third letter indicates the level of heat.