OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Acersecomes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ACERSEC'OMES (ἀκερσεκόμης). Literally, with long and flowing hair, and thence, by implication a young or effeminate person (Juv. Sat. viii. 128.); for the habit of wearing the hair unshorn was regarded as unmanly by the civilized Romans, among whom it was only adopted for young slaves who waited at table, an instance of which is given in PINCERNA; or for the boys (Camilli) who acted as attendants upon the priesthood at the altar, as in the illustration (Acersecomes/1.1) annexed, which is copied from the Vatican Virgil, and represents one of these attendants.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Acetabulum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ACETAB'ULUM (ὀξύβαφον). A vinegar cruet, or rather cup, which the ancients used to place upon their tables at dinner, to dip their bread in. (Isidor. Orig. xx. 4. 12. Apic. viii. 7. Ulp. Dig. xxxiv. 2. 20.) We have no direct testimony of its being so employed, beyond the inference drawn from the Greek name of the vessel, which means literally a vinegar dipper. The original (Acetabulum/1.1), of fine red clay, here figured, is in the Museum at Naples, and is an undoubted example of these cups, as the name ὀξύβαφον is inscribed underneath it. Panofka, Recherches sur les véritables Noms des Vases Grecs.
2. The cup used by jugglers of the class now called "thimble-riggers," joueurs de gobelets, in playing the trick of the "little pea" (Seneca, Ep. 45.). This was a very common piece of jugglery both amongst the Greeks and Romans, and was played exactly in the same way as now (Alciphron, Ep. iii. 20., where the process is circumstantially detailed). The "thimble-rigger" was called ψηφοκλέπτης or ψηφοπαίκτης by the Greeks (Athen. i. 34. Suidas.); the Romans have left no specific name, except the common one for all jugglers, praestigiator. Seneca, l. c.
3. A dry measure of capacity, containing the fourth part of a Hemina. Plin. H. N. xxi. 109.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Acicula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ACIC'ULA. A diminutive of ACUS; but as the word is applied to the bodkin which women wore in their hair (ACUS, 2.), the diminutive must be understood as expressing inferiority of material, rather than smallness of size, for such ornaments were made of wood and bone, as well as ivory and the precious metals. Cod. Theodos. iii. 16. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Acinaces

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ACI'NACES (ἀκινάκης). A short, straight poniard, peculiar to the Persians, Medes, and Scythians (Hor. Od. i. 27. 5. Curt. iii. 3. 18.), which was worn suspended from a belt round the waist, so as to hang against the right thigh (Val. Flacc. vi. 701. Florus, iv. 11. 3), as seen in the illustration (Acinaces/1.1) from a bas-relief found amongst the ruins of Persepolis. The acinaces was not a sword, but a dagger; for it was worn together with the sword, but on the opposite side of the body, as may be seen on the wounded Persian in the celebrated Pompeian Mosaic, inserted under BRACAE; from the reduced scale of the drawing, it is not very prominent; but the handle of it is apparent on the right side, the sword being suspended by a belt (balteus) on the left.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Acisculus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ACIS'CULUS. A small "pick," used chiefly by builders and stone masons, having a bluff end like a hammer at one extremity, and a curved point, or pick, at the other. It is represented on several coins of the Valerian family, with the name inscribed below it, from one of which the example (Acisculus/1.1) is taken. Quint. vi. 3. 53.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aclis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AC'LIS or ACLYS. A massive weapon used by the Osci, and some foreign nations, but not by the Greeks or Romans (Virg. Aen. vii. 730. Sil. Ital. iii. 363.). It appears to have been a sort of harpoon; for it consisted of a short thick stock set with spikes, and attached to a line, so that it might be recovered again after it had been launched (Serv. ad Virg. l. c.); but it was only known to Servius by tradition, having fallen into disuse long before his time.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Acratophorum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ACRATOPH'ORUM (ἀκρατοφόρον). Properly a Greek term, but familiarized in the Latin language as early as the time of Varro (Varro, R. R. i. 8. 5. Cic. Fin. iii. 4.), and employed to designate the vessel in which pure or unmixed wine was placed upon the table (Pollux, vi. 99.). It was, therefore, in some measure, an opposite to the Crater, a larger vessel, used for a similar purpose, but containing wine and water mixed together. The illustration (Acratophorum/1.1) is copied from a marble vase (Buonarotti, Vasi di Vetro. p. 31.), bearing an inscription dedicated to Silvanus, and ornamented with a wreath of vine leaves. It corresponds exactly in form with two others delineated by the Pompeian artists, one of which is placed at the feet of a statue of Bacchus (Mus. Borb. vii. 56.), and the other in the hands of the god Acratus (Mus. Borb. vii. 62.), which, taken together, are quite sufficient to identify the form.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Acropodium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ACROPOD'IUM. A word coined from the Greek, though not found in any Greek author; the exact meaning of which is open to some doubts; but the most probable interpretation seems to be, the low square plinth commonly seen under the feet of a marble statue (Hygin. Fab. 88.), as in the illustration (Acropodium/1.1), which represents the statue of Juno, placed in front of a temple, from the Vatican Virgil. This acropodium formed a component part of the statue itself; but it also served as a sort of upper basement or podium (ἄκρον πόδιον) for the figure to rest on, when it was placed in an elevated position, or upon a regular base constructed for the purpose, as in the illustration.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Acroteria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ACROTE'RIA (ἀκροτήρια). The pedestals placed on the summit and angles of a pediment for the purpose of supporting statues. (Vitruv. iii. 5. 12.) They were frequently made without bases or cornices, as in the illustration (Acroteria/1.1).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Actuariolum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ACTUA'RIOLUM. Diminutive of ACTUARIUS. A small vessel, or open boat, propelled chiefly by oars, never exceeding eighteen in number; the one which transported Cicero (Ep. ad Att. xvi. 3.) had ten; but they were sometimes assisted by a sail when the wind served. (Scheffer, Mil. Nav. ii. 2.) The example (Actuariolum/1.1) is copied from a miniature in the Vatican Virgil.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Actuarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ACTUA'RIUS. Naves actuariae, or simply Actuariae. A large class of open vessels worked by sweeps and sails, in contradistinction to the merchantmen, or sailing vessels (onerariae). (Sisenna. ap. Non. s. v. p. 535. Cic. Att. v. 9.) Properly speaking, these were not ships of war, that is of the line, but were employed for all purposes requiring expedition, as packet boats, transports (Liv. xxv. 30.), for keeping a look-out, and by pirates (Sallust. Fragm. ap. Non. l. c.), and were never fitted with less than eighteen oars. (Scheffer, Mil. Nav. ii. 2.) The illustration (Actuarius/1.1) is from the Vatican Virgil.
2. Actuarii. Short-hand writers, who took down the speeches delivered in the senate or public assemblies. Suet. Jul. 55.
3. Under the empire, officers who kept the commissariat accounts, received the supplies for the use of the army from the contractors, and dispensed them in rations to the troops. Ammian, xx. 5. 9. Id. xxv. 10. 17. Aurel. Vict. p. 293.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Acus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ACUS (ἀκέστρα, βελόνη, ῥαφίς). Seems to have designated in the Latin language both a pin for fastening, and a needle for sewing; as the specific senses in which the word is applied are sometimes characteristic of the former, and sometimes the latter of these two implements, which we distinguish by separate names. (Cic. Milo, 24. Celsus, vii. 16. Ovid. Met. vi. 23.) The illustration (Acus/1.1) represents a box of pins found at Pompeii, and a sewing needle an inch and a half long, from the same city.
2. Acus comatoria, or crinalis. A large bodkin or pin several inches long, made of gold, silver, bronze, ivory, or wood, which the women used to pass through their back hair after it had been plaited or turned up, in order to keep it neatly arranged, a fashion still retained in many parts of Italy. (Pet. Sat. xxi. 1. Mart. Ep. ii. 66. Id. xiv. 24. Apul. Met. viii. p. 161. Varior.) The illustration (Acus/2.1) is taken from the fragment of a statue in the Ducal Gallery at Florence, which shows the mode of wearing these hair-pins; but a great variety of originals have been discovered at Pompeii and elsewhere, of different materials and fancy designs, which are engraved in the Museo Borbonico (ix. 15.), and in Guasco (Delle Ornatrici, p. 46.).
3. The tongue of a brooch, or of a buckle formed precisely in the same manner as our own, as seen in the illustrations (Acus/3.1), which are all copied from ancient originals. Valerian. ap. Trebell. Claud. 14.
4. A needle used for trimming oil-lamps, and usually suspended by a chain to the lamp, as is still the common practice in Italy. The illustration (Acus/4.1) is copied from an original bronze lamp, excavated in Pompeii, and a part of the chain by which it hangs is shown. The use of it was to drawp up and lengthen the wick as it burnt down in the socket; et producit acu stupas homore carentes. Virg. Moret. 11.
5. A dibble for planting vines. Pallad. i. 43. 2.
6. A surgeon's probe (Furnaletti, s. v.); but he does not quote any ancient authority, and the propter term for that instrument was SPECILLUM.
* Acus/1.1
* Acus/2.1
* Acus/3.1
* Acus/4.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Admissarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ADMISSA'RIUS, sc. equus (ἀναβάτης). A stallion kept especially for the purpose of breeding; for as the ancients mostly rode and drove entire horses, none but those especially kept for the purpose were allowed to have intercourse with the mares. Varro, R. R. ii. 7. 1. Columell. vi. 27. 3.
2. Also used of other animals, as of asses. Varro, R. R. ii. 8. 3. Pallad. iv. 14. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Adoratio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ADORA'TIO (προσκύνησις, Soph. Electr. 1374). The act of adoration, a mark of reverence exhibited by passers-by to any person or object towards which they wished to show extreme reverence and respect. This action was expressed by the following attitude and movements: — the body was inclined slightly forwards and the knees gently bent, whilst the right hand touched the object of reverence, an altar, statue, &c.; the left was raised up to the mouth (ad os, from whence the term is derived), kissed, and then waved towards the object intended to be honoured. (Plin. H. N. xxviii. 5. xxix. 20. Apul. Met. iv. p. 83. Varior. Id. Apol. p. 496.) The chief motions in this pantomime are clearly shown in the illustration (Adoratio/1.1) which is copied from an engraved gem in Gorlaeus (Dactyliothec., p. ii. No. 63.).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Adulatio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ADULA'TIO (προσκύνησις, Herod. i. 134). The most abject manner of doing an act of reverence, as practised by the Persians and other Oriental races by prostration of the body and bowing the head upon the ground (Liv. ix. 18. Id. xxx. 16. Suet. Vitell. 2. Curt. viii. 5.), as represented in the annexed gem (Adulatio/1.1) (Gorlaeus, Dactyliothec. ii. 396.), in which a worshipper is performing adulation to the god Anubis. The Latin poets also designated this act by such expressions as procumbere (Tibull. i. 2. 85.), or pronus adorare (Juv. Sat. vi. 48.).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Adversaria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ADVERSA'RIA, sc. scripta. A day-book, or common-place book, in which accounts or memorandums were put down at the moment to be subsequently transcribed into a ledger, or into a regular journal. Cic. pro Rosc. Com. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aedes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AEDES. [DOMUS, TEMPLUM.]
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aedicula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AEDIC'ULA. A shrine, tabernacle, or canopy, with a frontispiece supported by columns, constructed within the cella of a temple, and under which the statue of the divinity was placed — quadrigae inauratae in Capitolio positae in cella Jovis supra fastigium aediculae. (Liv. xxxv. 41.) The illustration (Aedicula/1.1) represents the statue of Jupiter under a tabernacle in the Capitoline temple, as described by Livy in the passage quoted, and is taken from a medal struck in honour of the Vestal virgin, Aelia Quirina.
2. A small cabinet made of wood after the model of a temple, in which the family busts or images of a man's ancestors (imagines majorum), the Lares, and tutelar deities of a house were preserved, and placed in large cases round the atrium. (Pet. Sat. xxix. 8.) The illustration (Aedicula/2.1) is copied from a bas-relief in the British Museum, and represents an aedicula, in which the bust of Protesilaus is deposited. Compare Ovid. Her. xiii. 150 — 158.
* Aedicula/1.1
* Aedicula/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aedituus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AEDIT'UUS, AEDIT'IMUS, or AEDIT'UMUS (ναοφύλαξ, ἱεροφύλαξ, νεωκόρος). A sacristan, or guardian, to whose surveillance the care of a temple was committed. Varro. L. L. viii. 12. Gell. xii. 10. He kept the keys, opened it at the appointed hours (Liv. xxx. 17.), attended to the sweeping and cleaning (Eurip. Ion. 80 — 150.), and acted as a guide to strangers by explaining the rarities and works of art it contained. Plin. xxxvi. 4. § 10. The appointment was an honourable one (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. ix. 648.), for it was a place of trust and responsibility; as may also be inferred from the style and dress of the figure annexed (Aedituus/1.1), which affords a rare example of the Greek aedituus, from a bas-relief at Dresden, whose office is indicated by the broom of laurel leaves, which was used for sweeping the temple at Delphi. Eurip. Ion. ll. cc.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aegis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AEGIS (αἰγίς). In its primary sense a goat's skin, which the primitive inhabitants of Greece used, as well as the skins of other animals, as an article of clothing and defence. This would be naturally put on over the back, and tied by the front legs over the chest, so as to protect both the back and breast of the wearer, as seen in the statue of Juno Lanuvina (Aegis/1.1) in the Vatican Museum (Visconti, Mus. Pio Clem. ii. tav. 21.). It thus formed the original type of the aegis, as worn by Jupiter and Minerva, which was made out of the goat Amalthea, which suckled Jupiter in his infancy. Hygin. Astron. ii. 13.
The illustration exhibits a figure of Minerva on a fictile lamp (but imitated from a very ancient type), wearing the aegis as described above, which covers the breast, and falls down behind the back as low as the knees. The snakes of the Gorgon's head placed upon it form a fringe round the edges in the same manner as Homer (Il. ii. 448.) describes the tassels on the aegis of Jove.
2. As such a mantle formed a cumbrous appendage to a statue in the ideal style of Greek sculpture, it was transformed by the artists of that country into a small and elegantly formed breast-plate, covered with scales, to imitate armour, and decorated with the Gorgon's head in the centre, as in the figure of Minerva (Aegis/2.1) here given, also from a fictile lamp. From this the word Aegis was subsequently used to designate the breast-plate of a divinity, but more especially of Jupiter and Minerva, as contradistinguished from Lorica, the breast-plate of mortals. Ovid. Met. vi. 79. Id. ii. 755. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. viii. 35.
3. At a still later period the same word was used to designate the ordinary cuirass worn by persons of distinction, such as the Macedonian kings and Roman emperors, when decorated with an image of the Gorgon's head in front (Mart. Ep. vii. 1.), which they adopted amongst its other ornaments in token of the divine character and authority they assumed, as in the example (Aegis/3.1), from a statue at Rome.
4. The translation of aegis, a shield, conveys an idea quite remote from the original and true meaning of the word; for almost every figure in the works of ancient art with a goat-skin on the breast, is also furnished with a shield apart; and the passages where a defence in the nature of a shield is supposed to be referred to, are either equivocal, or may be understood with equal truth as descriptive of the large mantle of goat-skin shown in the first wood-cut; which could easily be drawn forward over the left arm, to protect it like a shield in the same manner as the Athenians used their chlamys (see CLIPEATUS CHLAMYDE), and as represented by the figure annexed (Aegis/4.1), which is copied from a very ancient statue of Minerva in the Royal Museum at Naples.
* Aegis/1.1
* Aegis/2.1
* Aegis/3.1
* Aegis/4.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aeneator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AENEA'TOR. A collective name for one who belonged to a brass band, and played upon any of the different wind instruments used in the army, at the public games, or religious ceremonies, including the Buccinatores, Cornicines, and Tubicines. Suet. Jul. 32. Amm. Marc. xxiv. 4. 22.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aeolipilae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AEOLIP'ILAE, or AEOLIP'YLAE. Metal vases with a very small orifice, which were filled with water and placed on the fire to elucidate the origin and nature of wind by the effect of steam engendered within them. (Vitruv. i. 6. 2.).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aequipondium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AEQUIPON'DIUM (σήκωμα). The equipoise or moveable weight attached to a steel-yard (statera), and balance (libra, Vitruv. x. 3, 4.). A great many of these have been found at Pompeii and elsewhere, mostly made of bronze, and of some fanciful device, such as the example (Aequipondium/1.1) produced, which is taken from a Pompeian original.