OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Picard

| Introduction to Picard Catédrale Anmyin Wikipedia Picard - Wikamote Picard | Picard spread of Picard (Picard, Chti, Rouchi, ...) Lille Hainaut Picardie Nord-Pas-de-Calais Picard is a Romance language. M. et Mme Goliath, Ath, Belgium Picard is a language or a set of languages closely related to French, and as such is one of the larger group of Romance languages. It is spoken in one region in the far north of France (Hauts-de-France) and in parts of the Belgian region of Wallonia, the district of Tournai (Wallonie Picarde) and a part of the district of Mons (toward Tournai and the Belgian border). Picard is known by several different names. Residents of Picardy simply call it picard, but it is more commonly known as chti or chtimi in the south part of French Flanders (around Lille and Douai) and in North-East Artois (around Béthune and Lens), or rouchi around Valenciennes; or simply as patois by Northerners in general. Linguists group all of them under the name Picard. In general, the variety spoken in Picardy is understood by speakers in Nord-Pas-de-Calais and vice versa. The lessons in this method are in Feller-Carton spelling. Some texts will give information upon dialect pronunciations (with the adapted spelling for this context). |
| Topics Introduction to Picard 1) About Picard 2) Pronunciation 3) Picard bases 4) Picard dialects Picard / Prumier nivieu 1) Grammar 2) Vocabulary Picard / Sgond nivieu |
| previous lesson | next lesson | Department | Division |
# Picard/About Picard

* Introduction to Picard About Picard
* spread of Picard (Picard, Chti, Rouchi, ...)
* Belgium's French Community gave full official recognition to Picard as a regional language along with Walloon, Gaumais (Lorraine), Champenois (Champagne) and German Frankish in its 1990 decree. The French government has not followed suit and has not recognised Picard as a regional language (in line with its policy of linguistic unity, which allows for only one official language in France), but some reports have recognized Picard as a language distinct from French.
* Today Picard is primarily a spoken language, but in the medieval period, there is a wealth of literary texts in Picard. However, Picard was not able to compete with French to become the interregional literary language and was slowly reduced to the status of a regional language.
* A more recent body of Picard literature, written during the last two centuries, also exists. Modern written Picard is generally a transcription of the spoken language. For that reason, words are often spelled in a variety of different ways (in the same way that English and French were before they were standardised).
* One system of spelling for Picard words is very similar to that of French. It is undoubtedly the easiest for French speakers to understand but can also contribute the stereotype that Picard is only a corruption of French rather than a language in its own right.
* Various spelling methods have been proposed since the 1960s to offset the disadvantage and to give Picard a visual identity that is distinct from French. There is now a consensus, at least between universities, in favor of the written form known as Feller-Carton (based on the Walloon spelling system, which was developed by Jules Feller, and adapted for Picard by Professor Fernand Carton).
Wikipedia Picard - Wikamote Picard
| previous lesson | previous page | next page | lesson intro | next lesson | Department | Division |
# Sociology of religion

Weber argues for making sense of religious action on its own terms. A religious group or individual is influenced by all kinds of things, he says, but if they claim to be acting in the name of religion, we should attempt to understand their perspective on religious grounds first. Weber gives religion credit for shaping a person's image of the world, and this image of the world can affect their view of their interests, and ultimately how they decide to take action.
For Weber, religion is best understood as it responds to the human need for theodicy and soteriology. Human beings are troubled, he says, with the question of theodicy – the question of how the extraordinary power of a divine god may be reconciled with the imperfection of the world that he has created and rules over. People need to know, for example, why there is undeserved good fortune and suffering in the world. Religion offers people soteriological answers, or answers that provide opportunities for salvation – relief from suffering, and reassuring meaning. The pursuit of salvation, like the pursuit of wealth, becomes a part of human motivation.
# Sociology of mental illness

Sociology of mental illness is studied under the rubric of 'Sociology of Devience' or 'Sociological Social Psychology,' most notably known in the latter case as 'social psychology.' However, within sociology the notion of mental illness is not adopted as a legitimate explanation for problems in human behavior. Rather, 'problems in living' is used to explain behaviors that do no conform to communiy standards and of which are without reference to psychiatric diagnosis. The term problems in living was first used by Thomas Szasz then latter defined by Lloyd Gordon Ward and Robert Throop.
# Socratic Logic
## Socratic Logic Course

Author: Luke Isham
* Content based on Socratic Logic (textbook) by Peter Kreeft.
* Basic
* Intermediate
* Advanced

## Content

Basic.
   * Logic
   * The Socractic Grid
   * An Argument
   * A term: min and max
   * A term: clear literal brief
   * The essence of a term
   * Fallacies of words
   * Fallacies of people
   * Fallacies of terms
   * Propositions
   * Testing Propostions: the Square
   * Arguments
   * Test
Intermediate
   * Overview: The Socractic Grid
   * Terms: categories
   * Terms: defintions
   * Terms: essence
   * Terms: fallacies
   * Propostions
   * Square of Opposition
   * Arguments: detecting them
   * Arguments: Syllogisms
   * Major Assessment & Recap
   * Extension: Induction and Deduction
   * Test (Major Assessment due)
Advanced
   * Overview: The Socractic Grid
   * Philosophy: Epistomological and Metaphysical realism
   * Terms:Categories and Definitions - Aristole's 10 categories
   * Terms:Essence - Predicables
   * Terms:Fallacies - Material Fallacies family tree
   * Propositions:Square of Opposition
   * Arguments:How to detect them - structure, key words, types, maps
   * Arguments:Syllogisms - Socrates, checking for validty
   * Major Assessment & Recap
   * Extension: Induction and Causality
   * Extension: Scientific Method
   * Test (Major Assessment due)

## Course Assessment

* Warm-up (Sorting Hat)
* Quiz /10*10=100
* Test /50
* Major Project

### Major Project list

* Intermediate: Analyse or Create
* Advanced: Analyse and Create

## Lesson Structure

* Quiz
* Hook
* Key idea
* Big Picture / Application
* Practice
* Prep / Revision
* Directions
# Sociology/Quiz

Sociology is a lecture as part of the social sciences series.
You are free to take this quiz based on sociology at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{humanities resources}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* The size of the society may determine whether psychology or sociology is needed.
# Science Journalism/Characteristics

Back to Topic:Science journalism or Introduction to Science Journalism
How would you rank these?
* Newsworthiness
* Novelty
* Mass appeal
* Human interest
* Highlighting/protecting the public interest
* Investigative
* Audience fit
* Good writing/a story well told
* Context setting (sounds in radio, etc)
* Structure
* Science ok
* Expert quotes (Who and what)
* Balance or diversity
* Voice – close fit or distinctive
* Good translation
* Fit with publication agenda
* Avoiding cliché
* Illustration
* Does the piece fit together as a whole?

## Additional considerations

* The pitch
* Contacts
* Delivery
* Turnover
* Legwork and working within budget
# Science Journalism/Activities/Organisations

Back to Topic:Science journalism or Introduction to Science Journalism
You will find links to national science writing organisations in the pages of the World Federation of Science Journalists. Look on the left hand menu and you will see a link to Member Associations. Science writing associations often welcome broadcasters and other media professionals as well. Many of the associations that have the word 'writer' in the title, such as the Association of British Science Writers, were often formed in the 1940s when broadcasting was a relatively new medium. Associations that were formed later, such as the European Union of Science Journalists' Associations, often use the word 'journalist' instead.
# Science Journalism

Science journalism conveys reporting about science to the public. The field typically involves interactions between scientists, journalists, and the public.

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Science journalism

## Activities

* Science Journalism Activities
* Biographical science journalism - analysis of science-related news articles that have a major focus on biographical information about scientists
* Wikipedia:Somatic cell nuclear transfer
* Australia approves cloning for research by Rod McGuirk, Canberra’s Associated Press bureau chief
* RNA World - RNA Silencing Sheds Light on the RNA World by Rachel Jones
* Create and maintain recent science news content that will be displayed at the Science Portal.
* Help develop articles at Wikinews.
* Biomedical Research Project; Avian flu
* Develop Wikimedia content related to Nobel Prizes in science.
** Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
** Nobel Prize in Chemistry
* Make audio files that can be used both at Wikiversity and on WikiCast. See: Biophilia Project.

## See Also

* Links to the national associations around the word.
# Strength of materials

Welcome to this learning project about Strength of materials!

## Learning Project Summary

* Project code:
* Suggested Prerequisites:
** Statics
** Introduction to dynamics
* Time investment: 6 months
* Portal:Engineering and Technology
* School:Engineering
* Department:Mechanical Engineering
* Stream:Solid Mechanics
* Level: Second year undergraduate

## Content summary

This learning project is an introduction to the study of strength of materials. It discusses the simple and easy to use method for determining the stresses and strains in materials and how materials fail.

## Goals

This learning project aims to teach the student how to calculate stresses and strains that materials undergo when loaded. After taking this course, a student should be able to understand the different types of stresses including normal, torsion, bending and shearing. They should also be able to solve for deflections in elastic materials, and understand how a materials yields and eventually fails under load.

## Contents
### Lessons

* Lesson 1: Stresses and strains
* Lesson 2: Elastic properties and plane stress
* Lesson 3: Stress transformations and Mohr's circle
* Lesson 3a: Introduction to Axial Loading
* Lesson 4: Structures with Axial Loading
* Lesson 5: Introduction to Torsion
* Lesson 6: Torsion in Structures
* Lesson 7: Shear Forces and Bending Moments
* Lesson 8: Introduction to Stresses in Beams
* Lesson 9: Stresses in Beams
* Lesson 10: Analysis of Stress and Strain
* Lesson 11: Applications of Plane Stress
* Lesson 12: Introduction to Beam Deflection
* Lesson 13: Beam Deflection
* Lesson 14: Statically Indeterminate Beams
* Lesson 15: Introduction to Beam Deflection
* Lesson 16: Columns
* Appendix A: Centroids and Moments of Inertia

### Assignments

* Assignment 1: ...

### Tests and Quizzes

* Quiz 1
* Quiz 2
* Test 1
* etc.

### Readings and other resources
## Active participants

Active participants in this Learning Group
* Capoeirista.muralha
* Learning materials
* Learning materials and learning projects are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a link to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the main namespace) and start writing!
* You should also read about the Wikiversity:Learning model. Lessons should center on leagrning activities for Wikiversity participants. Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple projects - and you are encouraged to cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
# Street Epistemology/Recording dialogues

Consider recording your dialogues in order to monitor and improve your own performance, solicit constructive feedback, and demonstrate your techniques to others. Another option is broadcasting your dialogues using live-streaming technologies, like Periscope. If you decide to record or broadcast dialogues, here are some tips.
Try to make the process of recording dialogues unobtrusive: if you are distracted by the filming process, it will likely distract your interlocutor as well.
Learn and follow local laws on recording people. Always ask for permission to record and to release the footage on video hosting sites and remove any personal information beyond their first name from the recording. If an interlocutor does not want to be filmed, offer to digitally blur their face and remove even their name from the recording. They may then agree.
Holding the camera in your hand will produce poor quality video. Use something to attach the camera to your body, such as a chest harness. The footage will be more stable and it will free up your hands. A tripod is bulkier to carry around but may allow you to both be in the scene.
Consider factors such as wind and distractions You can modify equipment with a fuzzy wind breaker to reduce wind noise. Pay attention to background noise or unexpected noises, and turn your body so the noise is behind you. If the interlocutor is with friends, ask to move a few steps away to reduce noise and interruptions.
If a bystander insists on standing nearby, despite your requesting a one-on-one interview, you could assign them the task of holding a timer or capturing video from another angle. If the bystander interrupts your dialogue, use hand signals for “later.” Do not turn your head or body towards the interruption, to avoid disrupting the recording of your interlocutor.
An Example Mobile Recording Setup:
* GoPro Any model. 720p Wide with Max FPS seems to provide best quality at maximum storage efficiency.
* Class 10 micro SD Card 32GB provides 2-3 hours of storage. 64GB recommended. Avoid exposure to liquids and static electricity. Deep format before each use.
* GoPro Hero Chest Mount Harness Essential. Allows hands-free use.
* GoPro Batteries Charge and leave charging until you are ready to head out. Don’t expect a fully-charged battery to function days after sitting off-charger. Take several batteries with you and change in between talks.
* GoPro Case Replace solid, waterproof backing with open backing. Consider drilling holes in case to optimize sound capture. Add wind-reducing baffles to sides and/or backing minimize noise.
# Street art

w:Street art is an area still very much under exploration and as such its vocabulary is not established.
w:Site-specific art w:Street installation w:Public art w:Land art
although street art is more associated with w:Urban art w:Guerrilla art
Some forms include:
Stencil graffiti, wheat-pasted poster art or sticker art, pop up art
In w:Fine Art there is a history of installation art and site specific art.
Also related is the art history of:
"live art", "action art", "actions", "intervention"
    see w:Art intervention

## Some artists

* Gregory Alan Elliott - Street artist known for aphorisms.
# Teletraffic engineering/What is the Engset calculation?/Solution 1

Table 1 below shows the results for Erlang B and Engset calculations.
| Number of sources | 10 | 20 | 100 |
| Traffic offered in Erlang | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Grade of Service | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| Number of links (Engset) | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| Number of links (Erlang) | 11 | 11 | 11 |
Table 1: - TABLE COMPARING RESULTS FOR ERLANG AND ENGSET CALCULATIONS FOR NUMBER OF LINES SPECIFIED FOR SAME NUMBER OF SOURCES AND OFFERED TRAFFIC AT 0.01 GoS.
Notice that the Erlang B formula specifies the maximum number of lines needed even if there are fewer sources.
# Teletraffic engineering/What is the Engset calculation?/Solution 2

Table 2.1 below shows the results for Engset calculations.
| Number of sources | 10 | 20 | 30 |
| Number of lines | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Traffic offered | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Probability of blocking | 0.0175 | 0.0294 | 0.0335 |
Table 1: - TABLE 2.1 ENGSET CALCULATION RESULTS.
Table 2.2 below shows the results for Binomial calculations.
| Number of sources | 10 | 20 | 30 |
| Number of lines | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Traffic offered | 2 | 2 | 2 |
| Traffic in erlang per source | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.0667 |
| Probability of blocking | 0.0196 | 0.0352 | 0.0409 |
Table 1: - TABLE 2.2 BINOMIAL RESULTS
Notice that Binomial's assumption that traffic is queued provides a higher blocking probability than Engset.
(This exercise is referenced from Richard Parkinson, Traffic Engineering Techniques in Telecommunications [2].
# Television Engineering

This page is for developing shared learning resources that pertain to Television and Broadcast from Engineering and Technology aspects.

## Prerequisites

* Electronics

## Goals

This learning project offers learning activities to familiarize you with the technical concepts of television engineering.
* Deployment of television facilities - overview;
* Deploying networks in the TV plant

## Learning Materials

* Reference Materials
* Scope
* Aspects

### Planned materials

Television (index and main article)
* Course Introduction
* The business of content production and delivery
* Physical plant infrastructure
* The cable plant
* Monitoring, test, and measurement
* Commonality with networking infrastructures
* Mission critical - system redundancy
* Signal flow management
* Documentation
* Definitions

## Resources

Industry advocacy and standards organizations
* Society of Motion Picture & Television Engineers (SMPTE)
* Society of Broadcast Engineers (SBE)
* Audio Engineering Society (AES)
* American National Standards Institute (ANSI)
Trade journals and publications
* The SMPTE Journal
* Broadcast Engineering
* TV Technology
# Teletraffic engineering/What is the Engset calculation?/Solution

Table 1 below shows the results for Erlang B and Engset calculations.
| Number of sourses | 10 | 20 | 100 |
| traffic offered in Erlang | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| GoS | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
| # of lines (Engset) | 9 | 10 | 11 |
| # of lines (Erlang) | 11 | 11 | 11 |
Table 1: - TABLE COMPARING RESULTS FOR ERLANG AND ENGSET CALCULATIONS FOR NUMBER OF LINES SPECIFIED FOR SAME NUMBER OF SOURCES AND OFFERED TRAFFIC AT 0.01 GoS.
Notice that the Erlang B formula specifies the maximum number of lines needed even if there are fewer sources.
# Teletraffic engineering/What is the High loss calculation/Module 7 Solutions

Solutions
1. A system where there is congestion and callers do not have indefinite patience and reattempt calls and congestion leads to further congestion. The arrival distribution of incoming calls ceases to be a random poissonian process but becomes a function of blocking.
2. Erlang calculations make assumptions of poissonian arrival process, that blocked calls will leave the system and that callers have indefinite patience when they encounter congestion which is not true for high loss systems.
3. a. Call demand: This is an intention or desire to make a call and results in a call attempt.
b. Call attempt: The operation of attempting to make a connection to the intended party in a communication.
c. Rank of reattempt: The subsequent number of the reattempt after the first attempt.
d. Efficiency rate r: a ratio of the number of successful call attempts to the number of call attempts.
e. Coefficient of call repetition β: The average number of repeated calls after the call intention.
4. We use the relation λc =λ1(1-p) to find λ1 the total traffic. Making λ1 the subject of the formula, λ1= λc/ (1-p) =0.583/ (1-0.36) = 0.911 erl.
Blocked traffic is λ1x p = 0.911x0.36 = 0.328 erl
Alternativly Blocked traffic = total traffic - carried traffic = 0.911-0.583 = 0.328 erl
# Session recording

This Education resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
How is it possible to electronically live stream, record and share learning session multi-media (e.g., audio, video, slides, text, conversation etc.) in general and also with Wikiversity?

## Method 1. uStream>Youtube>Archive>Wikimedia

* Design your presentation content into 10 min chucks
* Deliver, stream and record on ustream and onto tape/hard drive (backup)
* Push ustream recording through to youtube (this is a feature in ustream)
* Download mp4 from youtube
* Convert mp4 to ogg/ogv (e.g., using SuperC) for uploading to Archive.org and Wikimedia; or upload mp4 to http://archive.org (pretty sure they transcode it to ogg).

### Equipment to live stream

* Laptop with ustream producer and SuperC on it
* HD camera or webcam. (HD camera simply gets a better picture in low light)
* Wireless lapel mic, or mic on webcam (wireless lapel simply gets better audio, especially from a moving speaker)

## Method 2. Shoot>Miro>Upload

* Shoot your video. Get out there and record your video. Tip: Join a WikiProject or visit MakeInternetTV for help on composition.
* Convert your video to an open format. Get Miro Video Converter and convert your video file to ".ogg Theora." Tip: To skip this step, Firefox users can install Firefogg, so the browser will automatically convert when you upload.
* Turn on the video upload beta. Create a Wikipedia account, log in, then visit this page to turn on video uploading.
* Add your video to an article on Wikipedia (or Wikiversity) Go to the article and click edit. Then click the add video button and follow the instructions to upload your video to the Wikimedia Commons.
# Set/Power set/Definition

For a given set $M$, the set consisting of all subsets of $M$ is called the power set of $M$. It is denoted by
    ${\mathfrak {P}}\,(M).$