OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Popinarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POPINA'RIUS. The owner or keeper of an eating-house (popina). Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 49.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Popinator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POPINA'TOR. Same as preceding. Macrob. Sat. vii. 14.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Popina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POPI'NA (ὀψοπωλεῖον). An eating-house, cook's-shop, or tavern, in which ready-dressed victuals were sold, as contradistinguished from caupona, which was more particularly established for the sale of liquors, though the master of a popina also drew wine for his customers. (Plaut. Poen. iv. 2. 13. Cic. Phil. ii. 28. Mart. i. 42.) It was customary to display some dainties and choice viands in the windows of these eating-houses, deposited in glass bottles filled with water, in order to magnify their size and entice customers. Macrob. Sat. vii. 14.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Popino

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POPI'NO. Literally, one who frequents taverns and eating-houses (popinae); thence, by implication, a glutton, debauchee, or person of disorderly habits, because such places were chiefly resorted to by people of low rank, or of idle and dissolute character. Hor. Sat. ii. 7. 39. Suet. Gramm. 15.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Porcarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PORCA'RIUS (συβώτης). A swineherd. Firm. Matth. iii. 6. 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Porca

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PORCA. The ridge between two furrows in ploughed land. Varro, L. L. v. 39. Id. R. R. i. 29. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Conditorium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CONDITO'RIUM. An underground vault or burying-place (descendit in conditorium. Pet. Sat. 111. 7.), in which a corpse was deposited in a coffin, without being reduced to ashes (Plin. H. N. vii. 16.); a practice prevalent amongst the Romans at the two extreme periods of their history, before the custom of burning had obtained, and after it had been relinquished. This is the strict meaning of the word, though it also occurs in a more general sense for a monument erected above ground (Plin. Ep. vi. 10. 5.); and in which cinerary urns were also placed. The illustration (Conditorium/1.1) represents the section and plan of a sepulchral chamber, excavated in the rock which forms the base of the Aventine hill, at a depth of forty feet below the surface; the centre shaft formed a staircase for descending into the sepulchre, which is a circular chamber, having an external corridor all round it, as shown by the groundplan in miniature at the left hand of the upper part of the engraving. It also contains niches for cinerary urns, which may have been made at a subsequent period.
2. (λάρναξ). The chest or coffin in which the dead body was encased, when placed in the vault. (Suet. Aug. 18. Plin. H. N. xxxvii. 7.) The illustration (Conditorium/2.1) represents the coffin of L. Cornelius Scipio Barbatus, which was discovered in an underground sepulchre of the Cornelian family on the Appian way. The whole is carved in a grey-coloured stone of volcanic formation (peperino) with dentils, triglyphs, and rosettes in the metopes; the top slab takes off as a lid; and on the side is engraved the following epitaph (Conditorium/2.2), not only courious as identifying for whom the coffin was made, but as an authentic specimen of early Latinity. —
3. A magazine in which military engines were kept. Ammian. xviii. 9. 1.
* Conditorium/1.1
* Conditorium/2.1
* Conditorium/2.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Fiscus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
FIS'CUS. A large basket of the same description and uses, as described under the two precedings words (FISCELLUS and FISCINA); and especially employed in the squeezing of grapes and olives. Columell. xii. 52. 2. Ib. 47. 9.
2. It would appear that the Romans made use of a basket of this kind for the custody of coin (Cic. Verr. i. 8. Phaedr. ii. 7.); whence the term fiscus came to be applied under the Empire to that portion of the public revenue which was applied to the maintenance of the sovereign, like our "civil list," as contradistinguished from the personal and private property of the prince (res privata Principis, ratio Caesaris), and from the Exchequer, or Treasury of the State (aerarium), out of which the expenses of the government were defrayed. But this distinction is not always strictly observed.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Lepesta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LEPES'TA, LEPIS'TA, or LEPAS'TA (λεπαστή). A large vessel employed in early times as an acratophoron, to hold the wine before it was mixed with water for drinking at table (Varro, de Vit. Pop. Rom. ap. Non. s. Sinum, p. 547.), and at a lectisternium amongst the Sabine population. (Id. L. L. v. 123.) It was originally made of earthenware, subsequently of bronze, or the precious metals (Varro, ap. Non. s. Lepista, p. 547. Naevius ap. Mar. Victorin. p. 2587. [sic]); and appears to have possessed a form resembling what is generally conveyed by our term pan, the name being taken from the shell of the limpet (λεπάς), after which we may assume that it was modelled.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Maeander

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAEAN'DER, MEAN'DROS, or MAEAN'DRUS (μαίανδρος). A Greek ornament designed, as it were, in imitation of the peculiarly winding course of the river Meander, from which it derived its name. (Festus s. v. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. v. 250. Strabo xii. 7. 15.) It is often employed as a border for dresses, round the edges of fictile vases, and as an architectural decoration; of which latter kind the annexed example (Maeander/1.1) affords an instance, from a small brick building near Rome, which goes by the name of the temple del Dio Redicolo.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Marculus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAR'CULUS. Diminutive of MARCUS. A smith's hammer (Mart. xii. 57. 6. Plin. H. N. vii. 57. Isidor. Orig. xix. 7. 2.); and as the word is a diminutive, it will represent one of the smaller kinds, used with one hand, as by the annexed figure (Marculus/1.1) from a sepulchral urn, and by one of the smiths at p. 283 (see article FERRARIUS).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Marcus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MARCUS. A large iron-headed hammer, used by smiths, such as we call a sledge-hammer (Isidor. Orig. xix. 7. 2.); as shown by the annexed example (Marcus/1.1) from the Vatican Virgil, and used by one of the smiths at p. 283 (see article FERRARIUS).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Modiolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MOD'IOLUS. Diminutive of MODIUS; whence specially applied to various objects possessing a resemblance in form to the modius; as
1. (χνόη, χοινίκη, χοινικίς, πλήμνη). The box or nave of a wheel, into which the spokes (radii) and axle (axis) are inserted (Plin. H. N. ix. 3. Vitruv. x. 9. 2.); whence also applied to the axle itself (Soph. Electr. 745. and Varro, R. R. xx. xxi.) of the axles which suspend the wheels (orbes) in an oil mill (trapetum). The illustration (Modiolus/1.1) represents an ancient wheel, preserved in the museum of Prince Esterhazy at Vienna. The second and third of the Greek names bracketed imply that the principal dry measures of the Greeks and Roman (χοῖνιξ and modius) were of the same form, if they differed in capacity.
2. A box, bucket, or scoop, in the shape of a modius affixed to the outer circumference of a water wheel, which fills itself with water, and discharges the contents into a receiver as the wheel revolves. (Vitruv. x. 5.) Sometimes wooden boxes were employed for the purpose, at others jars; and the Chinese make use of a joint of bamboo. See the illustration s. Rota aquaria; which will explain their application and object.
3. A particular part of the catapulta and ballista (Vitruv. x. 12. 1); supposed to be a box or cap, which contained the rope; but as the exact manner in which these machines were constructed is involved in doubt and obscurity, an authorized definition is not attainable.
4. (πυχίς, Hero de Spirit. p. 180.). The box or cylinder in which the piston and sucker of a forcing pump acts (Vitruv. x. 7.); marked B B respectively on the wood-cuts s. CTESIBICA MACHINA and SIPHO.
5. (χοινίκη). A surgical instrument, like a trepan, for cutting out parts of bones, consisting of a cylindrical borer, with serrated sides. Cels. viii. 3.
6. A small drinking goblet. Scaev. Dig. 34. 2. 37.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Phalerae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PHAL'ERAE (τὰ φάλαρα). Bosses of gold, silver, or other metals, cast or chased with some appropriate device in relief; such, for instance, as the head of a god, image of a king or emperor, or other allusive design, and frequently having additional pendants, in the form of drops and crescents attached to them; which were worn as ornaments upon the breast by persons of distinction, by soldiers as a military decoration, presented by the commander for brilliant services, and as an ornamental trapping for horses. (Liv. ix. 46. Sil. Ital. xv. 255. Virg. Aen. ix. 359. Id. v. 310. Claud. iv. Cons. Honor. 549.) The illustration (Phalerae/1.1) represents a collar formed of phalerae, with pendants attached to each alternate boss, from an original preserved in the Museum of Antiquities at Vienna, and the manner of wearing them is explained and illustrated by the two following examples (see article PHALERATUS).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cistophorus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CISTOPH'ORUS (κιστοφόρος). One who carried the mystic case (CISTA, 5.) in certain religious processions. In the rites of Ceres and Bacchus, or of the Egyptian deities, Isis and Osiris, this service was performed by women, as represented in the annexed illustration (Cistophorus/1.1) from a Pompeian painting. The wreath of ivy leaves and berries (corymbus) round the head, show her to have been a follower of Bacchus; and the bird's eye observable on the head of the jug indicates a priestess of Osiris, whose symbol amongst the Egyptians was an eye (Winkelm. Cab. Stosch. p. 2.); and as Bacchus and Osiris were the same deity, under different names, it is clear that she is a cistophora, and not a canephora, as the editors of the Museo Borbonico have erroneously termed her, from want of attention to the above particulars. In the ceremonies of Bellona, on the contrary, the cista was carried by men, as proved by an ancient marble discovered on the Monte Mario near Rome, which bears the following inscription: — L. LARTIO . ANTHO . CISTOPHORO . ÆDIS . BELLONÆ, &c., and a figure of the cistophorus carved upon it. He is draped in a manner closely resembling the preceding figure, with a tunic reaching to the feet, but slightly raised, so as to expose an under one beneath it; a pallium over the shoulder; a chaplet round the head; and an infula hanging down in front of the breast; in the right hand a lustral branch, and in the left two double axes (bipennes), characteristic of the priests of Bellona. Inscript. ap. Don. 62. and 135. Compare Demosth. p. 313. 28. ed. Reiske. Giovanni Lami, Dissertaz. sopra le Ciste Mistiche.
2. A silver coin, worth about four drachmae, which passed current in Asia, whence the expression in cistophoro (Cic. Att. xi. 1.) is equivalent to saying "in Asiatic money." It received the name either from having an impression of the sacred cista upon it, or, as is more probable, of the shrub cistus (κίστος).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ludus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
LUDUS. Literally, a game, sport, or pastime, more especially such as were invented for the purpose of assisting to develop the powers of the mind or body; whence the same name is given to the place where the necessary discipline or exercises were gone through, which all attainments, whether intellectual or physical, require.
1. Ludus literarius, or simply ludus (διδασκαλεῖον). A school for the instruction of youth, to which the children of both sexes and all classes were sent when old enough, public education being thought preferable amongst the ancients as well as ourselves, to private tuition. (Festus s. Schola. Cic. Fam. ix. 18. Plaut. Pers. ii. 1. 6. Id. Merc. ii. 2. 32.) The illustration (Ludus/1.1) represents the interior of a school-room at Herculaneum, from a painting discovered in that city, in which both boys and girls are taught together, as in Martial ix. 69.
2. Ludus gladiatorius. An establishment in which a company of gladiators were trained and taught the practice of their art, under the instruction of the Lanista. Suet. Jul. 31. Caes. B. C. i. 14.
3. Ludus fidicinus. A school in which instrumental music was taught. Plaut. Rud. Prol. 43.
4. Ludus Trojae. The Trojan game; a sort of review or sham-fight exhibited by young persons of good family on horseback. Tac. Ann. xi. 11. Suet. Aug. 43. Virg. Aen. v. 448 — 587); also called DECURSIO, which see; the medal used to illustrate that word bears the inscription DECURSIO LUDUS TROJÆ.
5. Ludus latrunculorum. A game of skill having considerable resemblance to our draughts; described s. LATRO 2.
6. Ludus duodecim scriptorum. A game of skill approximating to our backgammon. See ABACUS, 2.
7. Under the general name ludi the Romans also included chariot-races, gladiatorial combats, and theatrical representations, which were exhibited on certain festivals in honour of the gods, or given by wealthy individuals as an entertainment to the public.
# Matrix/Elementary row operation/Definition

Let $K$ be a field, and let $M$ be an $m\times n$-matrix over $K$. Then the following manipulations on $M$ are called elementary row operations.
* Transpositions of two rows.
* Multiplication of a row with a scalar $s\neq 0$.
* Addition of $a$ times a row to another row.
# Elementary matrices/Definition

Let $K$ be a field. We denote by $B_{ij}$ the $n\times n$-matrix with entry $1$ at the position $(i,j)$, and entry $0$ everywhere else. Then the following matrices are called elementary matrices.
* $V_{ij}:=E_{n}-B_{ii}-B_{jj}+B_{ij}+B_{ji}$.
* $S_{k}(s):=E_{n}+(s-1)B_{kk}{\text{ for }}s\neq 0$.
* $A_{ij}(a):=E_{n}+aB_{ij}{\text{ for }}i\neq j{\text{ and }}a\in K$.
# Mi'kmaq vocabulary/Calendar

This article is part of the vocabulary section of the Mi'kmaq language. It shows the words in Mi'kmaq for the seasons, the months of the year and the days of the week with their English equivalent.
Note: All words in the below tables are in Francis-Smith orthography (see Mi'kmaq orthographies for more details).

## Seasons

| English | Mi'kmaq |
| Autumn | Toqwa'q |
| Spring | Siwkw |
| Summer | Nipk |
| Winter | Kesik |

## Months

| English | Mi'kmaq | Literal meaning |
| January | Penamujuiku's | Frost fish runs |
| February | Apuknajit | Snow blinding month |
| March | Siewkesiku's | Forerunner of Spring |
| April | Penatmuiku's | Egg hatching time |
| May | Etquljuiku's | Frog croaking time |
| June | Nipniku's | Leaves are budding time |
| July | Peskewiku's | Animal fur thickens time |
| August | Kisikwekewiku's | Ripening time |
| September | Wikumkewiku's | Mate calling time |
| October | Wikewiku's | Animal fattening time |
| November | Keptekewiku's | Frost month |
| December | Kesikewiku's | Winter month |

## Days of the week

| English | Mi'kmaq | Pronunciation |
| Monday | Amskwesewey | am-sques-a-way |
| Tuesday | Ta'puewey | ta-bua-way |
| Wednesday | Si'stewey | seas-ta-way |
| Thursday | Ne'wewey | neu-way |
| Friday | Kweltamultimk | kwel-ta-mul-timk |
| Saturday | Kespitekɨtek | |
| Sunday | Ekntie'wimk | |

## Portal

* Wikilang/Mi'kmaq Portal
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Porcinarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PORCINA'RIUS. A pork butcher. Plaut. Capt. iv. 3. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Porculator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PORCULA'TOR. One who breeds and fattens pigs. Varro, R. R. ii. 4. 1. Columell. vii. 9. 12.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Porculetum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PORCULE'TUM. A piece of land divided into ridges and furrows by the plough. Plin. H. N. xvii. 35. § 9.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Porculus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POR'CULUS. (Cato, R. R. xix. 2.) A particular part or member belonging to a wine and oil press (torcular), the exact nature of which cannot be ascertained from the single passage of Varro in which it is mentioned.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Porta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PORTA (πύλη). The gate of any large enclosure or set of buildings, as opposed to janua and ostium, the door of a house; and especially the gate of a fortified place, of a citadel, or of a city. The annexed engraving (Porta/1.1), representing the ground-plan of the principal entrance to Pompeii from Herculaneum, will explain the usual system adopted by the ancients for structures of this nature. It consists of a central archway over the main road (A) for carriages, and two lateral ones (B B) for foot passengers, each of which was closed by a smaller gate. Under the arch which faced the open country (at the bottom of our engraving), there was no gate, but instead of it a portcullis (cataracta), the grooves for which are visibile in the walls at the points marked C C on the plan. The gates were situated at the opposite extremity of the pile, nearest the town, as testified by the sockets in the pavement (D D), in which the pivots (cardines) of each valve turned. Both the lateral entrances were vaulted over head, throughout their whole length; but the central roadway was only covered at its two extremities, thus leaving an open space or barbican (A) between the portcullis and gate open to the sky, through which the defenders of the position could pour their missiles from the upper stories of the interior upon their assailants, if they should succeed in forcing an entrance beyond the portcullis and into the barbican. The entire front was further covered with an attic, adapted for purposes of defence, or containing chambers for the administration of justice and the business of civil government, as in the magnificent entrance gate to the city of Verona, represented by the following woodcut (Porta/1.2), which is constructed with two carriage-ways, one for entering the city, the other for going out, but is not provided with separate gangways for foot-passengers. Other examples, still in existence, have only a single thoroughfare serving both for horses, carriages, and pedestrians, flanked with lateral towers (Caes. B. C. viii. 9. Virg. Aen. vi. 552 — 554), as is the case with all the old gateways now remaining in the walls of Rome, of which an example is given in the illustration s. FENESTRA 3., though the entrance itself is now blocked up by a modern lean-to.
2. Porta pompae. The gate through which the Circensian procession entered the Circus. (Auson. Ep. xviii. 12.) It was situated in the centre of the straight end of the building, with the stalls for the horses arranged on each side of it. See the ground-plan at p. 165., on which it is marked H, and the illustration s. OPPIDUM, where it is shown in elevation.
* Porta/1.1
* Porta/1.2