OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# ECG/EKG Analysis
## Calibration

* paper speed is normally 25mm/second
** therefore each 1mm box in the x axis = 0.04sec
* a 1mV test pulse is normally over 10 mm
** therefore each 1mm box in the y axis = 0.1 mV

## Rhythm

* P wave upright in I, II, AVF
* PR interval > 0.12
* P wave for every QRS
* QRS for every P wave

## Rate

* 300,150,100,75, 60, 50 rule
* If rhythm is not normal count the number of QRS complexes in 25 big boxes (5 seconds) and multiply by 12
* (an alternative method is to count the number of QRS complexes in a 10 second duration and multiply by 6)
* tachycardia >100bpm
* bradycardia <60bpm

## Axis

* QRS upright in I and aVF
* If not upright in aVF look @ II
** If upright then axis is normal
** If not then there is left axis deviation

## Intervals

* PR 0.12-0.20 (3-5 squares)
* QRS < 0.10 (2.5 square)
* QT <0.44 (11 squares)

## Atrial enlargement

* Right atrium - lead II - p wave wave's initial component is enlarged, taller 2.5mm
* Left atrium - Lead V1 - p wave downward deflection of terminal component

## Ventricular hypertrophy

* Right ventrical - tall R waves in V1 and V2, deep S in V6
* Left ventrical - tall R wave in V6, deep S in V1, plus one of
** R in V5/6 > 26mm
** S in V1 or 2 + R in V5 or V6 > 35 mm
** R+S in any chest lead > 45mm
** R in aVL > 11mm
** R in I > 15mm

## Bundle Branch Blocks

note: normally depolarization of the ventricular septum is stimulated by a branch of the left bundle
incomplete block: QRS 0.10-0.12 (2.5-3 squares) complete block: QRS > 0.12 (3)

### RBBB

* R' in V1
* S in V6

### LBBB

* absent normal R in V1 and Q in V6 (initial depolarization directed to LV)
* terminal R' in V6 and downward deflection in V1

### LAFB

* Q wave in I, aVL
* initial R wave in II, III, aVF

### LPFB

* Q in II, III, aVF
* initial R wave in I, aVL

## Q waves

* may be normal in V6 and aVL
* pathologic > 0.04, depth >25% QRS height
Inferior: II, III, aVF RCA Anteroseptal: V1-V2 LAD Anteroapical: V3-V4 LAD (distal) Aterolateral: V5-V6, I, aVL CFx Posterior: V1-V2 (tall R, no Q) RCA

## MI

* ST elevation - returns to baseline in days
* T wave inversion - weeks to months
* Q wave - persists
* if ST remains elevated - fibrotic scar (ventricular anurysm) developed

## Pericarditis

* diffuse ST elevation
* PR depression

## Hyperkalemia

* tall "peaked" T waves
* flat p
* wide QRS

## Hypokalemia

* U wave
* ST depression
* flat T

## Hypercalcemia

* decreased QT interval

## Hypocalcemia

* increased QT interval

## External link

* EKG Reference Guide - Arrhythmia lessons, drills and tracings
* EKG Academy – free EKG lectures, drills and quizzes
# ECG/Electrolytes

What is the role of bicarb in hyperkalemia?
Hyperkalemia without ECG changes?
Cases:
# ECSTRA

Welcome to ECSTRA (European Communicative Strategies), a Eurolinguistic project!

## Goal of the Project

In this project we want to compare different communicative strategies for given situations in order to find out where different European nations are similar and where they differ; in a second step we also want to find out where Europe differs from other civilizations.
       NOTE: There is already a number of studies whose data we will first have to enter here (if you'd like to contribute systematically and enter the data from a specific book, contact the coordinator). In a second step we shall see where data and information are missing.
When the project is in an advanced stage, we plan to compose printed works for a general audience that will enable general and specific intercultural competence so that people will more easily manage communication with people from different nations.
We’ve started this project with the help of this questionnaire (DOC, PDF).
If you click on the Category link at the bottom there is a list of items that have so far been accepted for the Project.

## Article Structure

Each article is structured the following way:
* the entry word which expresses the general communicative act, always supplemented by “(ECSTRA)”, e.g. “greeting (ECSTRA)”
* a list of typical situations that should be referred to in the single language sections
* the various European language sections
* for some countries: a reminder that regional differences might be prominent
* a section for other annotations
* a section for information on non-European languages
* a section for listing frequent errors that certain non-natives make in certain languages
* a list of relevant categories
(Here is a sample for new articles).

## Guidelines

* Whenever you add information be as precise as possible: say for which situation, for which age group, for which region, for which speaker-hearer constellation your information is valid.
* Use the form of your original language and add a literal translation in one or two of the languages used on ELiX Wiki.
* Linguistic forms should be written in italics (xxx), meanings and translations should be given in single inverted commas (‘xxx’). Citations should be given in (“...”)
* If you would like to add information on another European language feel free to do so and add a new language section.
* If you would like to carry out a larger questionnaire study, please contact the ELiX coordinator, Joachim Grzega.

## Frequent Sources

For studies on European communicative stategies see the bibliography in the ELiX section Varia.
# English-Chinese/Lamb and mutton have always been the favored meats of the Middle East

Lamb and mutton have always been the favored meats of the Middle East.
羔羊肉和羊肉一直是中东地区最受欢迎的肉类。
# English-Chinese/Land

Most of the Earth's surface is covered with water. The roughly 22 percent that is not, is called land (as opposed to water). Land can have different types of soil. It may be covered with stones, sand, dirt, etc. Sometimes it is not clear where land ends and a body of water begins.
大部分地球表面都被水覆盖。大约22％不是，被称为陆地（与水相对）。陆地可以有不同类型的土壤。它可能被石头，沙子，泥土等覆盖。有时不清楚陆地的尽头和水体的开始。
# English-Chinese/Language at its most basic is talking, reading and writing

Language at its most basic is talking, reading and writing. The study of language is called linguistics.
语言最基本的是说，读，写。 语言研究称为语言学。
# English-Chinese/Laos

Laos is a country in the north of Indochina. It has a population of about 7 million. Its capital is Vientiane.
Laos 是 中南半岛 北部的 一个 国家。它的 人口 约为 700万。它的 首都 是 Vientiane。
# English-Chinese/Laryngitis

Laryngitis is the inflammation of the throat. Symptoms usually include hoarseness, which may include fever, coughing, pain in the front of the neck, and difficulty swallowing. It usually heals within two weeks.
喉炎 是 喉咙的 发炎。症状 通常 包括 声音嘶哑，可能 包括 发烧，咳嗽，脖子 前部 疼痛 和 吞咽困难。它 通常 在 两周内 痊愈。
# English-Chinese/Large intestine

The large intestine is also called the colon or large bowel. It connects the small intestine to the rectum and anus. It is about 1.5 meters long or 5 feet. It is shorter than the small intestine, but its diameter is larger.
大肠 也 被称为 结肠。它 连接 小肠 到 直肠 和 肛门。它 长 约 1.5米 或 5英尺。它 比 小肠 短，但 直径 较大。
# English-Chinese/Landform

A landform is a word that describes a form of land. Each type of landform is defined by its size, shape, location, and what it is made of.
地形 是 描述 一种 土地 形式 的 词。每种 类型的 地形 都 由 其 大小，形状，位置 及其 构成 来 定义。
# English-Chinese/Landscape

A landscape is an area of land that can be seen. This includes landforms, plants, animals and human elements, such as human activity or the built environment.
地景是可以看到的陆地区域。 这包括地形，植物，动物和人类因素，例如人类活动或建筑环境。
# English-Chinese/Language

Language is the normal way humans communicate. Only humans use language, though other animals communicate through other means.
Human language has syntax, a set of rules for connecting words together to make statements and questions. Language can also be changed, by adding new words, for example, to describe new things. Other animals may inherit a set of calls which have pre-set functions.
语言 是 人类 沟通的 通常 方式。只有 人类 使用 语言，但 其他 动物 通过 其他 方式 进行 交流。
人类 语言 具有 语法，是 将 单词 连接起来 以 作出 陈述 和 问题的 一组 规则。语言 也 可以 通过 添加 新词 来 改变，例如 描述 新事物。其他 动物 可以 继承 一组 具有 预设 功能的 呼叫。
# English-Chinese/Language is a system

Language is a system that consists of the development, acquisition, maintenance and use of complex systems of communication, particularly the human ability to do so; and a language is any specific example of such a system.
语言是一个系统，包括复杂的通信系统的开发，获取，维护和使用，特别是人类的能力; 语言是这种系统的任何具体例子。
# Caregiving and dementia/Recent changes
## Recent activity

This is an automatic listing of the most recently changed pages in Category:Caregiving and dementia:
* Caregiving and dementia/Updates
* Caregiving and dementia/Wiki training/Feedback
* Caregiving and dementia
* Caregiving and dementia/Outline
* Caregiving and dementia/Wiki training/Emails
* Caregiving and dementia/Topics
* Caregiving and dementia/External links
* Caregiving and dementia/About
* Caregiving and dementia/E-learning
* Caregiving and dementia/Development
* Caregiving and dementia/Recent changes
* Caregiving and dementia/Projects/Curriculum penetration and career pathway development: The scaffolding project/Honours scholarships
* Caregiving and dementia/Wiki training/Nature of project
* Caregiving and dementia/Wiki training/What to bring
* Caregiving and dementia/Wiki training/Curation tasks
* Caregiving and dementia/Admin
* Caregiving and dementia/Wiki training/Schedule
See also: Special:Recentchangeslinked/Caregiving and dementia
# Caregiving and dementia/Topics/Allied health

This NPA focuses on caring for people with dementia through the allied health disciplines.

## What is Allied Health

The role of Allied Health (AH) professionals in the care and support of people with dementia and their families is a significant one. AH professionals constitute approximately 18% of the total health workforce; a similar proportion to medical practitioners. However definitions of Allied Health vary, as do groupings of the professions it comprises, and methods of classification Historically AH tended to be defined in terms of exclusion (i.e. any health profession not medical, nursing or dental) but as the range and number of health professions continues to grow AH is now more often described in terms of inclusion. Inclusion is based on a set of key attributes required to be considered an AH profession such as: an appropriate university degree qualification; registration, accreditation or professional association membership; and, a practitioner role that involves restoring and maintaining optimal function

## Allied Health as a priority for DTSC

As a priority area for QLD DTSC a small number of AH professions were selected as a specific focus. They include Occupational Therapy, Diversional Therapy, Social Work and now Psychology. These professions though not all universally recognised or acknowledged as AH are some of those most likely to be involved in the care of people with dementia in acute care, community and residential care settings.
In 2012, the QLD DTSC conducted a national survey to identify the key dementia education and training needs of Diversional Therapists, Occupational Therapists and Social Workers. Results summaries for each profession are available on the new Allied Health resource page in the DTSC website. The survey results were also presented as a poster at the Dementia Collaborative Research Centres Forum in Brisbane in 2013.
# Caregiving and dementia/Topics

These caregiving and dementia topic pages provide overviews and collations of training information, resources, and knowledge.
These topics are related to the Australian Dementia Training Study Centres (DTSC) National Priority Areas (2010-2013).
| Priority area | DTSC | Area |
| Allied health | QLD | Target group |
| Behavioural and psychological symptoms | QLD | Topic |
| ATSI | WA | Target group |
| CALD | WA | Target group |
| Diagnosing dementia | SA/NT | Topic |
| Environmental design and assistive technology | NSW/ACT | Topic |
| GPs and medical specialists | VIC/TAS | Target group |
| Medication management | WA | Topic |
| Nursing | NSW/ACT | Target group |
| Palliative/end of life care | WA | Topic |
| Person centred care | VIC/TAS | Topic |
| Younger onset dementia | SA/NT | Target group |
# Caregiving and dementia/Topics/Allied health/Occupational Therapists
## Dementia Training Resources for Occupational Therapists
### Using the Hierarchic Dementia Scale to Plan Care

This is a one-hour seminar presented by WA DTSC Manager and Occupational Therapist, Heather Freegard and is a collaboration of the QLD and WA Dementia Training Study Centres. It is available to download in four sections:
* Introduction and Assessment
* HDS characteristics
* Using the HDS
* Measurement and Evaluation.

### Dementia: Osborne Park Hospital Guide for Occupational Therapists in Clinical Practice

This is an evidence-based guide developed by a team of Occupational Therapists at Osborne Park Hospital, Western Australia. This comprehensive guide identifies key evidence-based assessment and intervention strategies that Occupational Therapists can use to assist people with dementia and their families to assist management of activities of daily living and related areas.
The guide for Occupational Therapists includes contact details for resources or further information. These appear as lists at the end of each section and while most of these are national some are WA specific. To help make this resource even more useful to those outside of WA, or to update contact information, please feel free to add resource links or other details relevant to each Australian State or Territory below.

#### QLD

* Home Environment - Independent Living support service - http://www.lifetec.org.au
# English-Chinese/Thermoregulation

Thermoregulation is the ability of an organism to control its body temperature within certain limits, even when the surrounding temperature is different. This is an aspect of homeostasis: the keeping of a constant internal environment.
体温调节 是 生物体 在 一定 范围内 控制 其 体温的 能力，即使 周围 温度 不同 也是 如此。这是 体内平衡的 一个 方面：保持 不变的 内部 环境。
# English-Chinese/There were many whites, some blacks and native Americans, and a few Asians

There were many whites, some blacks and native Americans, and a few Asians.
有许多白人，一些黑人和美国本土人，以及一些亚洲人。
# English-Chinese/There were two diving boards at the deep end of the pool

There were two diving boards at the deep end of the pool.
游泳池的一端有两个跳水板。
# English-Chinese/There was someone in the room

There was someone in the room.
房间里 有人。
# English-Chinese/There was no problem of any kind

There was no problem of any kind.
没有任何问题。
# English-Chinese/These include major depressive disorder

These include major depressive disorder (MDD; commonly called major depression or clinical depression) where a person has at least two weeks of depressed mood or a loss of interest or pleasure in nearly all activities; and dysthymia, a state of chronic depressed mood, the symptoms of which do not meet the severity of a major depressive episode.
这些包括重度抑郁症（MDD;通常称为严重抑郁症或临床抑郁症），其中一个人在几乎所有活动中至少有两周的情绪低落或失去兴趣或愉悦; 和心境恶劣，一种慢性抑郁情绪状态，其症状不符合严重抑郁发作的严重程度。
# English-Chinese/There was an advertisement for fruit on the wall

There was an advertisement for fruit on the wall. It had a big picture of an apple.
墙上曾经有一个水果广告，上面有一张苹果的大图。
# English-Chinese/These days churches are using e-mail, message boards, and blogs to communicate

These days churches are using e-mail, message boards, and blogs to communicate.
这些天教会正在使用电子邮件，留言板和blog进行交流。
# English-Chinese/They are back again

They are back again.
他们又回来了。
# English-Chinese/These blood vessels bring oxygen to every part of your body

These blood vessels bring oxygen to every part of your body.
这些血管为身体的每个部位带来氧气。
# Embedded System programming in plain view
## Ch 1 Introduction to Embedded Systems

* Introduction (pdf)

## Ch 2 Embeeded C Programming

* Overview (pdf)
* Token (pdf)
* Literals (pdf)
* Variables (pdf)
* Expression (pdf)
* Flow Control (pdf)
* Pointers (pdf)
* Arrays (pdf)
* Structures (pdf)
* Functions (pdf)
* Preprocessor (pdf)

## Ch 3 GNU Toolchain

General Background for Using GCC
* (Preprocessor)
* (Compiler)
* (Assembler)
* (Library)
* (Linker)
* (Binutil)
* (ELF)
GNU Toolchains for ARM Processors
* elinux.org/Toolchains
* Mentor Graphics' Code Sourcery
* Linaro
* GNU Toolchain Examples (pdf)
ARM Emulator
* QEMU - a open source processor emulator
* Software Development Tools (pdf)

## Ch 4 Programming ARM Processors

* Assembly Language (pdf)
* Machine Language (pdf)
* Programming Structure (pdf)
* Stack & Frame Pointers (pdf)
* ARM Assembly Exercises (A.pdf, B.pdf)
* ARM Architecture wiki pages (pdf)
* ARM Microrchitecture wiki pages (pdf)
* Difference between ARM7 and ARM9

## Ch 5 Raspberry Pi Bare Metal Programming

* Kernel Programming using QEMU (pdf)
* Bare Metal C Programming (pdf)
* Bare Metal Assembly Programming
       LED Test (pdf)
       Display Test
       Input Test

## Ch 6 Embedded Linux

* Paul Krzyzanowski' OS Lecture Notes
* UBoot
* Device Driver
* System Call : ioctl, mknod

## Serial Communications

* wikipedia pages on Serial Communications (pdf)
UART
RS232
SPI
I2C
CAN
USB

## SBC (Single Board Computers)

* wikipedia pages about Arduino SBC (pdf)
Arduino
* Arduino at a glace (See Arduino Cheat Sheet)
Raspberry Pi
Beagleboard
Phidget : (Physical Widget)
go to [ Electrical_&_Computer_Engineering_Studies ]
# Embracing Ambiguity/Decisive disasters

This is a collection of disasters that have occurred largely because an ambiguous situation was rushed to closure rather than investigated further.
* Space Shuttle Challenger disaster
* Space Shuttle Columbia disaster
* Killings by law enforcement officers in the United States, including especially
** George Floyd,
** Daunte Wright,
** Justine Damond,
** Jordan Edwards,
** Greg Gunn,
** Corey Jones,
** Walter Scott,
** Anthony Hill,
** Akai Gurley,
** Philando Castile,
** Breonna Taylor,
** Amir Locke,
** Laquan McDonald, and
** Ahmaud Arbery
* Heaven’s Gate cult mass suicide, the Peoples Temple Agriculture Project, and various doomsday cults.
* Deepwater Horizon oil spill
* Fyre Festival
* Theranos
* Various fraudulent investment schemes, including several on this list of Ponzi schemes.
* Various healthcare frauds, including quackery.
* Charlatans often deceive their mark with claims of accurately interpreting ambiguous information.
* Many landmark court decisions turn on the interpretation of ambiguous language.
* Religious and other schisms often occur when ambiguous information is dogmatically interpreted in new ways.
* Conspiracy theories are often based on novel interpretations of ambiguous information.
* Animal rights controversies are often based on interpretations of our ambiguous understanding of sentience.
* Slavery is justified by asserting differing interpretations of what it is to be human.
* The resolve to go to war is often bolstered by asserting one interpretation of ambiguous information. Prominent examples include:
** The Gulf of Tonkin resolution
** The Iraq Resolution
* Ideologies are often neatly packaged assemblies of interpretations of ambiguous information.
* The words justice, freedom, fairness, equality, ownership, trespass, and many others are inherently ambiguous. Various interpretations of these words are the basis for many disputes.
# KnitR/Sample Data
## Introduction

This page about KnitR/Sample Data can be displayed as Wiki2Reveal slides. Single sections are regarded as slides and modifications on the slides will immediately affect the content of the slides. The following aspects of KnitR/Sample Data are considered in detail:
* (1) role of sample data for learning mathematical methods,
* (2) exploration of sample and the table structure as CSV files
* (3) loading and processing of sample data in KnitR and R

## Objective

This learning resource about KnitR/Sample Data in Wikiversity has the objective to introduce learners to the application of statistical or numerical methods for data analysis and prepare application of methods on real life problems.

## Target Group

The target groups for KnitR/Sample Data of the learning resource are:
* Bachelor/Master students with the subject Mathematics
* Bachelor/Master students with the working data analysis and generation of document based on provided data.

## Learning Tasks / Activities

* Explore the table structure of the Titanic passenger sample data in the R sample data provided by guru99-edu
* Load the titanic sample data in a KnitR document
* create a statistical analysis about probability to survive depending on different parameters defining the passenger status.
# Knot theory

Welcome to the Wild World of Knots!
The goal of this page is to provide a place to collaborate in creating new learning materials for this new and burgeoning area of mathematics with applications as diverse as biochemistry and string theory. Formally, knot theory is the study of isotopies of closed curves in space. As with all mathematical fields of interest, however, it has grown beyond that strict definition. If you know knots, feel free to write up some lessons or materials!

## Background

* Wikipedia: Knot theory

## Offsite Learning Materials

* KnotPlot Topological Visualization Software
* The Geometry Junkyard's Knot Theory collection
* The Knot Atlas

## Recommended Reading Material

If you want to learn knot theory, you have to do some knot theory! While this site provides a supportive community of peers and teachers, you also need a well-organized and well-written text that you can study anywhere to learn from those actively participating in the field.
* Adams, Colin. (2004). The Knot Book American Mathematical Society. ISBN 0821836781
# KnitR/Workflow

Learn about the basic workflow in KnitR so you would be able to decide if additional learning modules make sense to you and the learning modules could help you to do standard repeating jobs with statistical software and document generation much easier in the future.

## Workflow of KnitR

KnitR consists of standard e.g. MarkDown document with R-code chunks integrated in the document. The code chunks can be regarded as R-scripts that
* load data,
* preforms data processing and
* creates output data (e.g. descriptive analysis) or output graphics (e.g. boxplot diagram).
The implementation of logical conditions in R can provide text elements for the dynamic report depended on the statistical analysis.

## Dynamic Text Generation with Calculated Acceptance of $H_{0}$

Assumen that we have the following text is as text generation with acceptance of the H0 hypothesis with mentioning the calculated $p$-value from a statistic software (in this case R)

## Dynamic Text Generation with Calculated Rejection of $H_{0}$

Depending on the R results (here 0.056) the text fragments are determined by logical conditions in the R-script. If the P-value was 0.045, which is lower than the significance (0.05 by default). An other appropriate text fragment is inserted in the dynamic report.
By this workflow the replacement of the input data of the statistical or numerical analysis in R creates a reproducible report which the same methodology. The key in KnitR to accomplish this basic example of dynamic text generation is the application of text and numeric variables that are populate by R-Code, that are part of the source document.

## Task for Learner

* Explain the benefits of an implementation in KnitR and an approach that generates text fragements depending on the calculated results!
* What are the main challenges for people that are used to write documents in the standard way e.g. with office document editors (e.g. like LibreOffice)!
* In this setting the interpretation of statistical results is human task of a scientist and not of KnitR. Select jobs in a scientific paper that you can provide to KnitR and define other to-dos that humans must perform!
# DevOps/Ansible/Add a repository

Ref: https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/apt_repository_module.html