# Chapter 1: The Foundations of Cosmic Influx Theory
## Introduction

The Cosmic Influx Theory (CIT) introduces a new way to understand gravity, planetary structuring, and cosmic evolution. It suggests that celestial bodies experience an ongoing influx of energy from an ether-like universal field. This influx is responsible for:
* A continuous increase in mass-energy.
* The structuring of planetary systems at predictable distances.
* A deeper connection between gravitational effects and the Lorentz Transformation of Mass-Energy (LTME).
This chapter explores the key theoretical foundations of CIT, linking it to classical physics, relativity, and alternative gravitational models.

## 1.1 The Root Mean Square Velocity (VRMS)

The Root Mean Square Velocity (VRMS) represents the remnant orbital motion of planets from the early protoplanetary disk. It is derived from the total kinetic energy (KE) of all planets in a system and their total mass.
The formula for VRMS is:
$V_{\text{RMS}}={\sqrt {\frac {\sum 2KE}{\sum M_{\text{planets}}}}}$
where:
* $KE={\frac {1}{2}}Mv^{2}$ is the kinetic energy of each planet.
* $\sum KE$ is the total kinetic energy of all planets.
* $\sum M_{\text{planets}}$ is the total mass of all planets in the system.
This equation shows that VRMS is influenced by the total energy distribution of the planetary system, making it a key factor in CIT's planetary structuring model.

## 1.2 The Limitations of Traditional Gravitational Models

Mainstream physics describes gravity using:
* Newtonian Gravity: A force of attraction between masses.
* General Relativity: Gravity as the curvature of spacetime.
While both models accurately describe many phenomena, they do not explain:
* The nature of gravity itself.
* Why planetary and stellar bodies are structured in specific patterns.
* The possible relation between gravity and an energy influx.
CIT addresses these gaps by proposing an ongoing flow of energy into all mass-bearing objects.

## 1.3 The Concept of an Energy Influx

CIT builds on older ideas such as:
* Le Sage’s Push Gravity – the idea that an external pressure causes objects to be pushed toward each other.
* Ether Theories – suggesting space is filled with an unseen energy medium.
In CIT, this influx:
* Enters planetary bodies from all directions.
* Is partially converted into mass-energy (via LTME).
* Leads to a slow outward expansion of planetary structures.
This explains why:
* Planets may experience internal heating.
* Tectonic activity and planetary growth occur.
* The arrangement of celestial bodies follows specific distances.

### 1.4 Lorentz Transformation and Mass-Energy Increase

The Lorentz transformation describes how measurements of time, space, and mass-energy change for an observer moving relative to an object. This transformation is fundamental in special relativity and plays a crucial role in understanding how mass-energy evolves when an object is in motion.
One key result of the Lorentz transformation is the relativistic mass increase, which states that the mass-energy of an object in motion is greater than its rest mass M₀. The relationship is given by:
    $M_{v}=M_{0}(\gamma -1)$ ........(1)
where:
* M_v is the additional mass-energy due to motion,
* M₀ is the rest mass,
* γ (the Lorentz factor) is:
    $\gamma ={\frac {1}{\sqrt {1-{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}}}}$........(2)
* $v_{\text{RMS}}$ is the root mean square velocity of planetary systems (~12,278 m/s in our Solar System).
* $c$ is the speed of light.
* $\pi$ is the mathematical constant.
At low velocities (relative to c), the Taylor expansion of γ gives:
    $\gamma -1\approx {\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}$ ........(3)
which leads to:
    $M_{v}\approx M_{0}{\frac {1}{2}}{\frac {v^{2}}{c^{2}}}$ ........(4)
This resembles the classical kinetic energy formula, emphasizing that relativistic mass-energy increase behaves as an energy accumulation process.

## 1,4 Understanding VRMS and Its Significance

The Root Mean Square Velocity (VRMS) is a statistical measure of the average velocity of particles or objects within a system. In planetary formation:
* The original protoplanetary disk had a characteristic VRMS.
* This velocity reflects the kinetic energy distribution of gas, dust, and forming planets.
* Planets tend to align themselves at distances determined by VRMS.

### Relating Lorentz Mass-Energy to the Gravitational Constant

The factor (γ - 1) has a fundamental connection to gravity. It can be expressed in terms of the gravitational constant G as:
    $G={\frac {(\gamma -1)}{4\pi }}$ ........(5)
where the denominator 4π arises due to the spherical symmetry of force distributions. This term is commonly found in physics equations where a force or field extends radially in three-dimensional space.
A particularly striking result emerges when using a specific velocity in the beta factor of the gamma factor:
    $v=1.227824570058\times 10^{4}{\text{ m/s}}$
At this velocity, the left-hand side (LHS) and right-hand side (RHS) of the equation achieve perfect equality. This velocity closely corresponds to the Root Mean Square Velocity (VRMS) of planets in the solar system, reinforcing the idea that planetary motion and gravitational interactions may be inherently linked through relativistic transformations.
For practical purposes, planetary velocities are typically expressed in familiar units. Therefore, the values 12,278 m/s or 12.3 km/s will be used in most calculations. CIT derives the Newtonian Gravitational Constant (G) using the Root Mean Square Velocity (VRMS) of planetary systems.
An alternative expression is derived by combining equation (3) and (5):
$G={\frac {v_{\text{RMS}}^{2}}{8\pi c^{2}}}$........(6)
based on the exact equability between $\gamma -1$ and ${\frac {V_{\mathrm {RMS} }^{2}}{2c^{2}}}$
Although this expression is unitless, its exact equality with the traditional definition of G implies that it should carry the same units: ${\text{m}}^{3}/({\text{kg}}\cdot {\text{s}}^{2})$. A similar transformation applies to ${\frac {v_{\text{RMS}}^{2}}{2c^{2}}}$.

## Summary

This chapter introduced:
* The idea that mass continuously gains energy from an external influx.
* The role of the Lorentz Transformation of Mass-Energy (LTME).
* How the VRMS of a system determines planetary positions.
* How CIT refines traditional gravitational models.
In the next chapter, we will explore how VRMS and planetary motion reveal deeper gravitational dynamics.

## External Links

* Ruud Loeffen on Academia.edu
* Zenodo Repository
* Lorentz Transformation on Wikipedia
* Gravitational Constant on Wikipedia