OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stele

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STE'LE (στήλη). A word merely transferred from the Greek (Plin. H. N. vi. 32.); for which the genuine Latin term is CIPPUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stemma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STEMMA (στέμμα). Properly speaking a Greek word, in which language it signified a garland or wreath bound round with fillets of wool and worn as a chaplet on the head, or employed as a decoration for other objects, as well as the person (CORONA. INFULA). But the Romans adopted the term in a more special sense to designate a long scroll decorated with garlands, and having a list of the family names emblazoned on it, which it was customary to hang upon the ancestral busts, as they stood in their cases (aediculae) round the atrium (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 2. Senec. Ben. iii. 28.); whence the word came also to signify a genealogical tree, pedigree, or lineal stem. Suet. Galb. 2. Nero, 37. Mart. v. 35.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stereobata

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STEREOB'ATA. (Vitruv. iv. 3. 1.) Same as STYLOBATA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stibadium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STIBAD'IUM. A circular dining couch, adapted to a round table (Plin. Ep. v. 6. 36. Mart. xiv. 87. Sidon. Ep. i. 11. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. i. 698.); otherwise called SIGMA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stigmatias

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STIGMAT'IAS (στιγματίας). A slave marked with the stigma. Cic. Off. ii. 7.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stigma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STIG'MA (στίγμα). Literally, a mark made by puncture; whence, a brand, or mark pricked into (scriptum and inscriptum, Quint. vii. 4. 14. Sen. Ben. iv. 47.), or stamped upon (impressum, Pet. Sat. 105. 11.), the forehead of a slave (Id. 103. 2. and 4.), convicted of thieving, running away, &c. A single letter, such as F, for fur, might in some cases be deemed sufficient for the purpose; but the last passage cited from Petronius expressly mentions an entire word, if not a sentence, in large letters covering the face.
2. A mark pricked into the arm of conscripts (Veg. Mil. i. 8. Id. ii. 5.) after they had been approved as capable of military duty, in order that they might be called out when required; and likewise upon labourers employed in the state factories to prevent them from deserting their employments, and accepting work from other masters. (Impp. Arcad. et Honor. Cod. 11. 9. 3.) The same was sometimes pricked on the hand. Imp. Zeno Cod. 42. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stigmosus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STIGMO'SUS (Pet. Sat. 109. 8.) Same as the preceding.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stilus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STIL'US or STYL'US (γραφίς). An instrument (Stilus/1.1) made of iron or bone (Isidor. Orig. vi. 9.), pointed at one end, but having a broad flat blade at the other (Sympos. Aenigm. 1.), and employed for writing upon tablets covered with a thin coat of wax (Plaut. Bacch. iv. 3. 79. and 91.). The point served for tracing the letters, and the flat end for making corrections by smoothing over the surface of the wax so as to obliterate the writing, whence the expression vertere stilum (Hor. Sat. i. 10. 72.) means to erase or correct the composition. Scholars generally trace the word to the Greek one, στῦλος, a pillar; but as the best Latin authorities spell it with an i instead of y, and the Latin penult is short, while the Greek one is long, it is more probable that it comes from στέλεχος, a stalk, which is also one of the meanings of the Latin stilus (Columell. xi. 3. 46. v. 10. 2.).
2. Stilus caecus; the spike of a caltrop, which was placed upon the ground, so that it would be concealed by herbage, while it effectually disabled cavalry from advancing. (Hirt. B. Afr. 31. Sil. Ital. x. 414.) The example (Stilus/2.1) is from an original.
3. The pin or index of a sundial (Mart. Capell. vi. 194.); otherwise called GNOMON, under which an example is given.
4. A bronze needle, or sharp-pointed rod, employed for destroying maggots and insects in fruit trees. Pallad. iv. 10. 20.
5. A wooden probe employed in the kitchen garden for inoculating the seed of one plant into the pithy stalk of a different species. Columell. xi. 3. 53.
* Stilus/1.1
* Stilus/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stimulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STIM'ULUS (κέντρον). A goad or stick with an iron prick at the end, employed for driving animals, oxen, horses, mules, and slaves. (Tibull. i. 1. 10. Columell. ii. 2. 26. Sil. Ital. vii. 702. Plaut. Most. i. 1. 54.) The example (Stimulus/1.1) is from a terra-cotta at Veletri, after Ginzrot.
2. Stimulus cuspidatus rallo. A goad with a spud (rallum) affixed to one end, which was employed by the ploughman in cleansing the ploughshare, as the point was for driving his oxen. Plin. H. N. xviii. 49. § 2. The example (Stimulus/2.1) is from an Etruscan bronze.
* Stimulus/1.1
* Stimulus/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stipes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STI'PES (στύπος). A round stake fixed in the ground (Festus s. v.); as a land mark (Ov. Fast. ii. 642.); as a stay for tethering other things to (Id. iv. 331. Suet. Nero, 29.), or for supporting them, as in the annexed example (Stipes/1.1) from the column of Trajan, which represents the manner in which the soldiery piled their helmets and shields when engaged upon field works, making fortifications, &c.
2. A stake set up for practising recruits at their exercises (Mart. vii. 32.); same as PALUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stiva

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STI'VA (ἐχέτλη). The plough-staff, or handle of a plough; consisting, in its simplest form, of a single upright branch (Varro, L. L. v. 135.), forming part of the same piece as the plough tail (buris), which the ploughman held in his left hand to guide the machine, or pressed down to make the share penetrate the ground, in the manner shown by the annexed example (Stiva/1.1), from a Roman bas-relief; which also graphically illustrates such expressions as stivae paene rectus innititur (Columell. i. 9. 3.); stivae innixus (Ov. Met. viii. 218.); stivam premens (Id. Fast. iv. 826.). Other plough-staffs, upon a more improved plan, are exhibited under the words ARATRUM and BURA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stlata

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STLA'TA. A particular kind of sea-going vessel (Aul. Gell. x. 25. Auson. Ep. xxii. 31.), constructed with an unusual breadth of beam, and lying low upon the water (Festus s. v.); characteristics which are not sufficiently apparent on any ancient monuments to afford a trustworthy example.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stolata

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STOLA'TA. Wearing the robe of a Roman matron (Pet. Sat. 44. 18.), as described and illustrated s. STOLA 1.; particularly as indicative of a chaste and virtuous female (whence pudor stolatus. Mart. i. 36.), because women of abandoned character, or who had been divorced on the ground of adultery, were not permitted to wear that article of attire.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Storea

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STOR'EA and STO'RIA. A covering or a mat, made of rushes or string. Caes. B. C. ii. 9. Liv. xxx. 3. Plin. H. N. xv. 18. § 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stragulum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STRA'GULUM (στρῶμα). A general term for any thing which is spread out or over something else, to make an under coverlet for lying upon; more particularly applied to the articles used for laying over the mattress of a sleeping bed (Cic. Tusc. v. 21. Varro, L. L. v. 167. Senec. Ep. 87.); or a bier upon which the corpse is laid out (Pet. Sat. 42. 6. Id. 78. 1.); in all which passages the term is used to distinguish the under sheet or blanket upon which the body reposes, as contradistinct from the upper one, or coverlet (operimentum, opertorium), thrown over it.
2. (ἐπίβλημα). A caparison for riding horses (Mart. xiv. 86.); placed under the padsaddle (ephippium), or used instead of it, and consisting of the furred skin of some wild beast, such as the lion or tiger (Virg. Aen. viii. 553. Sil. Ital. v. 148.), of sufficient size to cover nearly the whole body of the animal (Virg. l. c.), like the sheep skins of our heavy cavalry, and the example (Stragulum/2.1) above from a Greek coin; or, without the fur, and then made of leather covered over with scale armour (Virg. Aen. xi. 770.), like the present example (Stragulum/2.2) from the Theodosian column, which exactly resembles in its outlines the caparisons now used in our light cavalry regiments.
* Stragulum/2.1
* Stragulum/2.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Strator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STRA'TOR (ἀναβολεύς). A soldier who acted as military groom, or equerry to the emperor, and to a consul or praetor in the Roman armies (Ulp. Dig. i. 16. 4.); it being his duty to purchase cavalry horses for the service of the commander (Ammian. xxix. 3. 5.), as well as to saddle them, lead them out, and assist the officer in mounting (Id. xxx. 5. 19. Spart. Caracall. 7.), as stirrups were not brought into use until a very late period. The illustration (Strator/1.1) represents an equerry of this description, holding the emperor's horse, from the column of Trajan. He wears the military cloak, paludamentum, thus indicating that his rank was considerable. Other examples are frequently represented on the triumphal arches and columns, both with and without the said cloak, though always in military costume; but civilians of rank and fortune also kept servants who performed the same duties, and went by the same description.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Strena

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STRE'NA. A present which the Romans were accustomed to send to one another on a festal day, or clients to their patrons, and citizens to the emperor; more particularly on the calends of January, as a new year's gift. Festus, s. v. Suet. Aug. 57. Id. Cal. 42.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Striatura

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STRIATU'RA (βάβδωσις). The fluting of columns. (Vitruv. iv. 3. 9.) STRIA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Striatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STRIA'TUS (ῥαβδωτός). Fluted, like a column. Vitruv. vii. 5. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STRIA (ῥάβδος, ξυστρίς). The flute of a column, including the list or fillet between two channels, as well as the channel itself. Vitruv. iii. 5. 14. Id. iv. 4. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Strigilecula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STRIGILE'CULA (στλεγγίδιον). (Apul. Flor. ii. 9. 2.) Diminutive of STRIGILIS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Strigilis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STRIG'ILIS (στλεγγίς, ξυστρίς). A strigil or scraper, employed in Greece and Italy for scraping off the moisture and impurities thrown out upon the surface of the skin by the heat of the vapour bath, or the violent exercise of the palaestra. (Cic. Fin. iv. 12. Suet. Aug. 80. Pers. v. 126.) It was made of iron or bronze, with a handle, into which the hand could be inserted (clausula), and a curved blade (Mart. xiv. 51.) hollowed into a channel (tubulatio), down which the moisture and perspiration would flow as in a gutter (Apul. Flor. ii. 9. 2.) When used, the edge was lubricated with a few drops of oil, to prevent abrasion of the skin. The example (Strigilis/1.1), which possesses all the properties enumerated, is copied from an original of bronze, discovered at Pompeii, together with three others, upon a ring, which also held an oil flask (ampulla), and a shallow pan with a handle (scaphium); the whole as mentioned by Plautus (Pers. i. 3. 44.). The method of using it is shown by the woodcut s. ALIPTES.
2. (ὠτεγχύτης). A surgical instrument for introducing lotions into the ear (Celsus. vi. 7. Plin. H. N. xxv. 103.); which may be readily imagined to have received the name from being formed with a hollow channel down its length, like that of the scraper above described.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stroma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STRO'MA (στρῶμα). (Capitol. Ver. 4.) A Greek word, corresponding with the Latin STRAGULUM; which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Strophiarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STROPHIA'RIUS. One who makes and sells strophia. Plaut. Aul. 111. 5. 42.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Strophiolum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STROPH'IOLUM. Diminutive of STROPHIUM. A small chaplet or twisted band for the head. Plin. H. N. xxi. 2. Tertull. Cor. Mil. 15.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Strophium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STROPH'IUM (στρόφιον). A sash, or rather scarf (mitra), twisted or rolled up into a long, round, and even form (tereti strophio, Catull. lxiv. 65. στρογγύλη ζώνη. Hesych.), and fastened round the bust close under the breast, to serve as a support to the bosom for young women who had attained their full development. (Cic. Fragm. ap. Non. s. v. p. 538. Catull. l. c.). It was not flat, nor was it worn next to the skin, like the bosom band (mamillare), but over a little tunic or chemise (tunicula), as is clear from a passage of Turpilius (ap. Non. l. c.), in which a girl is introduced lamenting the loss of a letter that she had deposited between her chemise and strophium — inter vias epistola cecidit mihi, Infelix, inter tuniculam et strophium quam collocaveram — and precisely as exhibited by the annexed figure (Strophium/1.1), from a statue believed to represent a young Doric female, dressed for the foot-race (compare Pausan. v. 16. 2., who there describes a costume of exactly the same character as the one her shown). A similar appendage is frequently met with on statues and other representations of Diana, the huntress, which is unaccountably mistaken for the chlamys. We may also infer from these peculiar instances, that it was not intended as a contrivance for compressing the form artificially, nor worn by all females, but only by those whose figures, or active habits of life, rendered such an assistance necessary.
2. A wreath worn round the head, Virg. Cop. 31., where it is made of roses: see the wood-cuts s. CORONA, 10. and 11.
3. The cable of an anchor. Apul. Met. xi. p. 250. ANCORALE, and wood-cut s. v.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Structor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STRUC'TOR (τραπεζοποιός). A slave whose duty it was to arrange the several dishes of each course upon the trays (fercula, Serv. ad Virg. Aen. i. 704.), and place them in proper order in the dinner-basket (repositorium, Pet. Sat. 35. 2.); sometimes also to take upon himself the office of carver (Mart. x. 48. Juv. v. 120.), and to set out in a tasty manner, or construct in artificial devices, the fruits and delicacies of the dessert. Lamprid. Elag. 27.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Structura

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STRUCTU'RA. Generally, the putting together of things in regular order; whence the term is specially applied to designate masonry, or the constructive arrangement of stones in a wall. (Vitruv. ii. 8. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 51.) Six different styles are enumerated in the practice of the Roman and Greek architects, each presenting a distinct pattern to the eye, as exhibited in contrast by the annexed engraving (Structura/1.1); viz. 1. reticulata, reticulated, which has a chequered pattern like the meshes of a net, A. 2. caementicia antiqua or incerta, irregular masonry of stones, not squared nor cut into any certain form, B. 3. isodomum, ashlar, of large stones, and in which all the courses are of the same height, C; 4. pseudisodomum, also ashlar, and of large stones, but in which the courses are of different relative heights, D. 5. emplecton, in which both the outside surfaces of the wall are formed of ashlar, E, bound together by girders, F, and the central part filled in with rubble, G. 6. diamicton, which is the same as the last, without the girders.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Struppus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STRUPPUS (τροπός, τροπωτήρ). A twisted thong of leather, or cord, by which the oar is fastened to its thowl (scalmus). (Vitruv. x. 3. 6. Liv. ap. Isidor. Orig. xix. 4. 9.) The contrivance is explained by the annexed wood-cut (Struppus/1.1), which exhibits the manner of fastening the oars in the Mediterranean galleys of the 16h century.
2. The thong of a palanquin (lectica), (Gracchus, ap. Gell. x. 3. 2.); by which the conveyance was attached to its carrying-pole (asser), as an oar is to its thowl. it was fastened down (deligatus) to the shafts (amites), like the back-band of a cart, and the carrying-pole passed through it; which raised and supported the carriage by resting on the shoulders of the bearers, in the manner represented by the annexed engraving (Struppus/2.1), which exhibits the mode of transporting a palanquin in China. Although the illustration is not from a genuine Greek or Roman model, little doubt will be felt that the contrivance employed by those nations was the same, if reference be made to the wood-cut s. PHALANGARII, which exhibits the same object applied in a very similar manner to the transport of a butt of wine.
* Struppus/1.1
* Struppus/2.1