OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Spina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPI'NA. The barrier of a race-course (Cassiodor. Var. Ep. iii. 51. Schol. Vet. ad Juv. Sat. vi. 588.); a long low wall extending lengthwise down the centre of the circus for about two-thirds of its length, and which received the present name from the similarity of its position to the spine or dorsal bone in animals. The object of it was to determine the length of the course, and hinder the chariots from coming into collision front to front, as they had to run seven times round it at each race. The goals (metae), round which they turned, were situated at a small distance from each of its ends; and the whole length of the wall was decorated with various objects on its top; an obelisk in the centre, an altar, and columns on which the eggs (ova curriculorum) and dolphins (delphinorum columnae), intended to announce to the spectators the number of courses ran, were put up. The whole of these objects are exhibited in the illustration (Spina/1.1) from an engraved gem, which represents an elevation of the spina, with one side of the course and the racing chariots in it. The position it occupied in the general building, and relative length in regard to it, will be seen by referring to the ground-plan of the circus of Caracalla (p. 165), on which it is marked B.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Spinther

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPIN'THER (σφιγκτήρ). A particular kind of bracelet, worn by females on the left arm (Festus, s. v.); made of gold (Plaut. Men. iii. 3. 7.), and without any clasp; but retaining its place on the arm of the wearer by the natural elasticity of its own pressure. From this peculiarity the name arose, in allusion to the action of the sphincter muscle, which naturally remains in a state of contraction. The illustration (Spinther/1.1) is from an original of gold, which possesses all the elastic property described.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Spira

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPI'RA (σπεῖρα). A circular body forming a succession of twists or coils; whence the following special applications.
1. A coil of ropes. Pacuvius ap. Fest. s. v.
2. An ornament worn by women, which appears to have been a sort of wreath with many pendants to it, twined and interlaced round the head, like the coils and heads of the serpents commonly represented on the edge of Minerva's aegis, and on the head of Medusa. Plin. H. N. ix. 58. Compare Val. Flacc. vi. 396.
3. The string or tie with which the bonnet (galerus) of the Salian priests was fastened under the chin, as exhibited by the annexed wood-cut (Spira/3.1), from a marble bas-relief of Roman sculpture. Juv. viii. 208.
4. A particular kind of biscuit or pastry, made in a spiral form. Cato, R. R. 77.
5. The base of a column (Festus, s. v. Vitruv. iii. 5. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 56.) which rests upon the plinth (plinthus), or upon a continued basement (podium) instead of a plinth. In its simplest form it consists of a single torus surmounted by an astragal, as in the Tuscan and Roman Doric orders; or of an upper and lower torus, divided by a scotia and fillets (quadrae), and with or without the astragal, as in the annexed example (Spira/5.1), representing a very beautiful and simple specimen, now known as the "Attic base," in which form it was applied to the Ionic and Corinthian orders. The Greek Doric had no spira.
* Spira/3.1
* Spira/5.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Spirula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPI'RULA. Diminutive of SPIRA, 5. (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. ii. 217.); of SPIRA, 4. (Arnob. ii. 73).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Spleniatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPLENIA'TUS. Covered with patches of sticking-plaster (splenium). Mart. x. 22.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Splenium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPLE'NIUM (σπλήνιον). An adhesive plaster, spread upon white linen or leather (Plin. Ep. vi. 22. Ov. A. Am. iii. 202.), and worn in patches upon the face to conceal any defect, sore, or scar (Mart. ii. 29. 10. Id. viii. 33.), like our sticking-plaster.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Spoliarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPOLIA'RIUM. An undressing room, in which the arms and clothing were stripped from the gladiators who were slain in combat (Senec. Ep. 93. Lamprid. Commod. 18. and 19. Inscript. ap. Grut. 489. 12.); whence the term is also applied generally to any place in which a person is plundered or murdered. Senec. Prov. 3.
2. An undressing room in a set of baths (Gloss. Isidor.); same as APODYTERIUM; but this usage of the word rests upon no other authority than the one cited.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Sponda

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPON'DA (ἐνήλατον). Any one of the four bars in the frame of a sofa, or a bedstead (lectus), to which the cords supporting the mattress (torus) are affixed (Pet. Sat. 97. 4. Ov. Met. viii. 656.), as exhibited by the above example (Sponda/1.1) from the device on a terra-cotta lamp. But when the bedstead or sofa was furnished with sides and a backboard (pluteus), as in the annexed example (Sponda/1.2) from a Roman bas-relief, the open rail or front, at which the occupant got into it, was termed sponda more expressly (Mart. iii. 91. Hor. Epod. iii. 22.), and the part against the back sponda interior. Isidor. Orig. xx. 11. 5. Suet. Caes. 49.
2. A couch or bier upon which the dead were carried out. Mart. x. 5. 9.
* Sponda/1.1
* Sponda/1.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Spondaules

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPONDAU'LES (σπονδαύλης). A musician who played an accompaniment upon a pair of long pipes (tibia longa) (Marius Victorin. 1. 2478. Diomed. iii. 472.) to the hymns which were sung at the sacrifice during libation, as shown by the annexed illustration (Spondaules/1.1) from the column of Trajan. The minister (camillus) stands in front of the altar with the incense box (acerra, hence libare acerra), the spondaules with a pair of pipes behind him, and Trajan with a patera on the right side, the left of the group in the original composition being occupied by the popa and the victim.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Sponsa

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPON'SA, SPON'SUS. A betrothed couple; but not yet married. Amongst the Romans young persons were frequently betrothed to each other long before the marriage was intended to take place; and the act was performed in presence of the relatives and friends of both parties, when the marriage contract (sponsalia) was signed by the affianced pair, who then mutually joined hands, and pledged themselves to one another; the man putting the ring on the finger of his betrothed as a token of fidelity. The act is represented by the annexed wood-cut (Sponsa/1.1) from a Roman bas-relief. The woman was termed sperata, during courtship; pacta, when the lover had made his proposals, and been accepted by the girl and her father; sponsa, when they had mutually pledged their faith; and nupta, when a bride. Non. s. v. p. 439.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Sporta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPOR'TA. A round plaited basket, with a small flat bottom, and handles on the top for the purpose of suspending it from the arm, or on a pole (jugum), when carried with its contents from place to place. It was employed for many uses (Columell. viii. 7. 1. Varro ap. Non. s. v. p. 177. Plin. H. N. xxi. 49.), and especially as a fishing-basket. (Mart. x. 37., and wood-cut s. HAMIOTA.) The example (Sporta/1.1) is from the statue of a young fisherman, in the Royal Neapolitan Museum.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Sportella

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPORTEL'LA (σπυρίδιον). Diminutive of SPORTA; especially a small basket in which cakes, fruit, and eatables were handed round at table. Pet. Sat. 40. 3. Cic. Fam. ix. 20. Suet. Dom. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Sportula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPOR'TULA (σπυρίδιον). Diminutive of SPORTA; a small fishing-basket (Plaut. Stich. ii. 2. 16. Apul. Met. 1. p. 19.), like the preceding example. It would appear that baskets of this description were also employed for handing round certain kinds of eatables at table; whence the term was adopted to signify a dole, consisting of a small basket of provisions, given by great personages to their clients and retainers, as a substantial return for the court paid to them, when they assembled at the great man's door to make their daily compliments. Latterly, as manners grew more refined and morals less so, the dole of provisions was commuted for a sum of money; whence a gift or present of any kind was also termed a sportula. Juv. iii. 294. Mart. xiv. 125. Plin. Ep. ii. 14. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Spuma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SPU'MA, (sc. caustica or Batava). A pommade, manufactured by the Germans and Gauls, from goat's tallow and beech-wood ashes, and employed for the purpose of giving a light brown tinge to the hair. Mart. xiv. 26. Id. viii. 33. 20. Also termed SAPO.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Squama

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
SQUA'MA (λεπὶς, φολίς). See LORICA, 3. and 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stabularius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STABULA'RIUS. A livery-stable keeper, who keeps a set of stables, and takes in horses to bait. Ulp. Dig. 4. 9. 1. Caius, ib.
2. An inn-keeper, or master of a stabulum, which afforded accommodation for "man and beast." Senec. Ben. i. 14. Apul. Met. i. p. 13.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stabulum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STAB'ULUM (σταθμός). In a general sense, any standing-place (from stare) which serves as an abode or shelter for man or beast; as a stable for horses (Virg. Georg. iii. 184. EQUILE); a pen or fold for sheep and goats (Ib. iii. 295. Aen. x. 723.); a shed or stall for oxen (Columell. vi. 23. BUBILE); an aviary for poultry and domestic birds (Columell. viii. 1. 3. ORNITHON. CHORS); a shed for bee-hives (Id. ix. 6. 4. APIARIUM); a stock pond for fish (Id. viii. 17. 7. PISCINA.)
2. (πανδοκεῖον). An inn or public-house, for the temporary accommodation of travellers. (Pet. Sat. vi. 8. Id. xvi. 4, Plin. Ep. vi. 19. 4.) A distinction between the stabulum and caupona is drawn in the Pandects (Ulp. Dig. 4. 9. 1.), though without any particulars to explain the difference. But to judge from the general meanings of the two words, and the particular applications given to them, we may conjecture that the latter was only intended for the reception of lodgers who travelled on foot, the former for the accommodation of man and beast. Such a distinction would be perfectly consonant with our own customs, since the keepers of many public houses at this day do not take horses in to bait; but amongst the Romans it would be the more necessary, as the great majority of travellers journeyed on foot, and those who were wealthy enough to use horses and carriages, generally took advantage of private hospitality, instead of resorting to an inn. A stabulum, thus understood, would then be an establishment of much less common occurrence than the caupona, and probably always opened on the roadside, or near the entrance of a town, at which persons coming from the country could put up their horses and carriages, without driving them through the streets; whereas the caupona was mostly in the heart of the city. This notion is further confirmed by the discovery of an inn for man and beast, just outside the gates of Pompeii, on the road to Herculaneum, having a very large range of stables attached to it, in which the skeleton of an ass was found, as well as several bits, wheels, and other pieces of harness.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stadiodromus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STADIOD'ROMUS (σταδιοδρόμος). One who runs a race in the Greek stadium. Plin. H. N. xxxviii. 19. § 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stadium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STAD'IUM (στάδιον). A race-course for foot-racing, so named because the famous race-course at Olympia measured exactly one stade (στάδιον), which contained 600 Greek feet, equal to 606¾ English, and about one-eighth of a Roman mile. A course of this description usually formed one of the principal appendages to the Greek gymnasia and Roman thermae, and in these other athletic contests, as well as foot-races, were exhibited; but separate and isolated structures were also laid out for the same purpose. In its general plan the stadium approximated very closely the Greek hippodrome and the Roman circus, without the barrier (spina) and stalls (carceres), forming a narrow oblong area, terminated in a semicircle at one end, and by a straight line at the other, the seats for the spectators being sometimes excavated on the slope of a hill, sometimes formed upon an artificial embankment of earth, or raised upon arches of masonry and brickwork like the Roman circus. The names appropriated to the several parts were the same as those employed for the hippodrome; with the exception of the circular end, which had a special term of its own, being called the σφενδόνη (funda), either from its elliptical figure, or its resemblance to a sling, or to the bezel of a ring; but this was not used in the foot-race, for the 600 feet comprised in the length of the stadium extended only as far as the straight sides of the enclosure, from A, the starting place (ἄφεσις), to the two angular projections of masonry which terminate the σφενδόνη, marked B. The illustration (Stadium/1.1) represents the ground plan of a stadium at Cibyra (now Buraz) in Lycia, still in considerable preservation; to which nothing is added but the two projecting walls, near the circular extremity on the inside, for the purpose of showing the σφενδόνη, and these are copied from existing remains in the stadium at Ephesus. It stands on a hill side, from which a certain portion is cut away to form a long flat terrace, having its outer edge bounded by a walled embankment represented by the double lines on the top of the plan, and sufficiently deep to carry several rows of seats arranged along it; the opposite side, and the circular end is excavated out of the slope of the hill, which is cut into twenty-one rows of seats, rising like steps one above the other, and subdivided by staircases, in the same manner as the cavea of a theatre or amphitheatre.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stalagmium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STALAG'MIUM. An ear-ring, furnished with one or more drops of gold, pearls, beads, or precious stones, which depend from it and imitate the shape of a drop of water (στάλαγμα), which is the meaning of the Greek word after which the Latin one is formed. (Festus s. v. Plaut. Men. iii. 3. 18.) The annexed illustration (Stalagmium/1.1) affords an example, from an original in the British Museum.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stamen

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STA'MEN (στήμων). A spun thread (Ov. Her. iii. 76.); consisting of several fibres drawn down from the top of the distaff (colus; deducere stamina colo. Tibull. i. 3. 86.), and twisted together by the thumb (stamina pollice torque. Ov. Met. xii. 475.) and the rotary motion of the spindle (fusus), as it hung in a perpendicular line from the distaff, the upright position suggesting the name. All these particulars are distinctly illustrated by the wood-cut (Stamen/1.1), representing a female spinning, from a Roman bas-relief.
2. The warp or warp threads in an upright loom, at which the weaver stood instead of sitting. (Varro, L. L. v. 113. Ov. Met. vi. 54, 55. 58. Senec. Ep. 90.) They were extended in a perpendicular direction from the warp-beam (insubulum), or from the yoke of the loom (jugum), as exhibited in the annexed figure (Stamen/2.1), representing Circe's loom in the Vatican Virgil; and formed the groundwork into which the threads of the woof (subtemen) were inserted; whence the term is also given to any thing made of thread, as a garment (Claud. in Eutrop. i. 304.); or a fillet round the head. Prop. iv. 9. 52.
3. The strings of a lyre (Ov. Met. xi. 169.); so named from the resemblance which they bore to the warp-threads of an upright loom, as exhibited by the annexed figure (Stamen/3.1) from a painting in the Nasonian sepulchre near Rome.
* Stamen/1.1
* Stamen/2.1
* Stamen/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stapes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STAPES or STAPIA. A word found in some inscriptions, evidently not of an early character, in which it signifies a stirrup. It appears to be formed from the German staff, a step; and though inserted in the Latin dictionaries is to be considered as a word of modern invention, for which there is not the slightest ancient authority. Compare SCALA 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Statera

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STATE'RA. A steel-yard; an instrument of much later invention than the balance (libra). It consisted of the yard (scapus) divided into fractional parts by points (puncta), and suspended from above by a hook or chain, called the handle (ansa). The short end of the yard was furnished with a hook, to which the objects to be weighed were fixed, and sometimes with a scale (lancula) for holding them; the longest end, on the other side of the centre of revolution, with a sliding weight (aequipondium). Vitruv. x. 3. 4. The whole of these particulars mentioned by Vitruvius are exhibited in the annexed figures (Statera/1.1), both from originals discovered at Pompeii.
2. Sometimes used without discrimination for libra, a balance. Pet. Sat. 35. 4. Suet. Vesp. 25.
3. A curricle bar or yoke, placed across the withers of a pair of horses, and to which the pole (temo) was attached, as in the annexed example (Statera/3.1) from a painting at Pompeii. Stat. Sylv. iv. 3. 35.
4. A kind of dish, probably of a flat circular form, like the scale appended to the steel-yard in the first example. Corn. Nepos. ap. Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 52.
* Statera/1.1
* Statera/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Statores

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STATO'RES. Officials or public servants who attended upon Roman magistrates in the provinces, and more especially employed for carrying letters, messages, dispatches, &c. (Cic. Fam. ii. 17. ib. 19. x. 21.) Their office was abolished by Septimius Severus, and the duties discharged by them transferred to the military. Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 52. Ulp. Dig. 1. 16. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Stega

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
STEG'A (στέγη). A word merely transferred from the Greek, signifying the deck of a ship (Plaut. Bacch. ii. 3. 44. Id. Stich. iii. 1. 12.); for which the Romans use the expression CONSTRATUM NAVIS, under which an illustration is given.