OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pileolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PI'LEOLUS (πιλίδιον). Diminutive of pileus: a small and shallow skull-cap, made of felted wool, which just covered the top part of the head, leaving the hair over the forehead and at the nape of the neck entirely free (Hieron. Ep. 85. n. 6. Compare Id. Ep. 64. n. 13.) It was worn by the Romans as a protection for the head even indoors (Hor. Ep. i. 13. 15.); thus resembling in its use, as it did in form, the little cap (French, calotte; Italian, berrettino), which a cardinal and some of the Catholic priests put on to cover their tonsures when they take off their hats, and which is exactly similar to the example in the annexed illustration (Pileolus/1.1), from an engraved gem, believed to contain the portrait of Alexander the Great.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pileus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PI'LEUS or PI'LEUM (πῖλος, πιλωτόν). A cap, properly speaking, of felt, and worn by men as contradistinct from those which were worn by women (Plaut. Amph. i. 1. 300. Mart. xiv. 132. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. ix. 616). They naturally varied in form amongst different nations of antiquity, but still preserving the same general characteristics of a round cap without any brim, and fitting close or nearly so to the head, as exemplified by the specimens (Pileus/1.1) annexed, which represent three of the most usual forms occurring in works of art. The first on the left shows the Phrygian bonnet from a statue of Paris. The centre one the Greek cap, mostly egg-shaped, as here, from a bust of Ulysses; and the last, the Roman cap of liberty, from a coin of Brutus.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pilicrepus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PILI'CREPUS (Sen. Ep. 56). The correct meaning of this word is doubtful; but it is supposed to designate one who played a game at ball of the same nature as our tennis.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pilula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PI'LULA. Diminutive of PILA. Any small globe or ball; especially a pill in medicine. Plin. H. N. xxviii. 37.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pinacotheca

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PINACOTHE'CA (πινακοθήκη). A picture gallery; an apartment, usually comprised in the houses of the wealthy Greeks, and of the Romans, after they had acquired from them a taste for the arts. Vitruv. i. 2. 7. Id. vi. 3. 8. Plin. H. N. xxxv. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pincerna

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PINCER'NA (οἰνοχόος). A cup-bearer; a slave whose duty it was to mix the wine, fill the cups, and hand them round to the guests at table. They were in general young persons selected for the comeliness of their appearance, who wore their hair flowing on their shoulders, and a short tunic; and had particular attention bestowed upon the cleanliness of their persons and attire (Ascon. in Verr. ii. 1. 26. Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 41.) All these particulars are exhibited in the annexed figure (Pincerna/1.1), from the Vatican Virgil; the long trousers and mantle indicate a youth of foreign, and probably Phrygian extraction.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pinna

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PINNA (πτερόν). The blade of a rudder (gubernaculum): which among the ancients was little more than a large oar having a broad blade at the extremity, with two drooping points, like the feather ends of birds' wings, from which it received the name, as in the annexed example (Pinna/1.1), from a bas-relief found at Pozzuoli. If the blade was rounded at the bottom like a common oar, as was frequently the case, it still retained the same name; but the resemblance was drawn from a single feather, which has the quill in the centre, and, as it were, a blade with an edge on each side of it, like a double axe. Non. s. Bipennis, p. 79.
2. A turret, or notched battlement, along the top of a wall, fortress, tower, &c. (Varro, L. L. v. 142. Claud. Quadrig. ap. Gell. ix. 1. Virg. Aen. vii. 159). Some grammarians deduce this meaning of the word from a fancied resemblance to the feathers or wings worn by the Samnite soldiers and gladiators at the sides of their helmets (see the illustration s. SAMNITES); others from the turret being acuminated or bevelled upwards into an edge, like a feather, in the manner shown by the annexed illustration (Pinna/2.1), which represents two turrets on the city walls of Pompeii, viewed from the inside of the ramparts. It will also be observed that they are ingeniously contrived with a shoulder, or returning angle, which protected the defenders from missiles coming with a slant against their left sides.
3. A paddle or float board attached to the outside of a water wheel (rota aquaria), upon which the current acts to produce rotation. Vitruv. x. 5. 1.
4. A register or stop in a water organ. Vitruv. x. 8. 4.
* Pinna/1.1
* Pinna/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pinnirapus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PINNIR'APUS. Any gladiator matched with a Samnite or Thracian, each of whom wore feathers (pinnae) in their helmets (as shown by the illustrations to those words) which it was an object of their opponents to snatch away, whence the name arose. Juv. iii. 158. Schol. Vet. ad l.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pinsor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PINSOR. An early form for PISTOR. Varro. de Vit. P. R. ap. Non. p. 152.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Piscator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PISCA'TOR (ἁλιεύς). A fisher-man, understood, like our own term, in the same general sense of one who takes fish in salt or fresh water, with the net or line; and also a fish-man who sells through the town the fish he has taken himself (Plaut. Capt. iv. 2. 34. Terent. Eun. ii. 2. 26. Inscript. ap. Fabretti, p. 371. n. 450. piscatores propolae).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Piscina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PISCI'NA (ἰχθυοτροφεῖον). A stew or stock pond for fish, an usual appendage to the villa residences of the wealthy Romans. Aul. Gell. ii. 20. 2. Cic. Att. ii. 1. Varro, R. R. iii. 17. Columell. viii. 17.
2. A large swimming bath in the open air (Plin. Ep. v. 6. 25.), either of tepid water warmed by the heat of the sun, or from a naturally warm spring (Id. ii. 17. 11. Suet. Nero, 31.); but sometimes reduced in temperature by the admixture of snow (Id. Nero, 27.). It differs from the baptisterium, in not being under cover and generally colder.
3. Piscina limaria. A clearing tank, constructed at the commencement or termination of an aqueduct for the purpose of allowing the water to purify itself by depositing its sediment before it was transmitted through the city (Frontin. Aq. 15. 19.). Many remains of such works have been discovered in different parts of Italy, some of which are constructed upon a scale of very great extent and magnificence; but the annexed illustration (Piscina/3.1), representing the plan of one which formerly existed under the Pincian hill (collis hortulorum), and served to purify the aqua Virgo, though small and inconsiderable as compared with many others, will explain the general nature of these structures, and the manner in which they operated. A A represents the duct or water course of the aqueduct, which discharges its waters into the chamber B, where the onward course of the stream is arrested, and ceases to flow. C is an aperture in the floor of the chamber, through which the water descends into another vault, D, below the level of the duct, at the bottom of which the sediment contained in the water deposits itself. E, another aperture through which the water passes on to a second vault, also below the level of the duct, and in which it continues to throw down any remaining deposits. From this it rises through the aperture G, into an upper chamber, H, and again restores itself in a purified state to the duct I I which it had left on the opposite side. The door-way, K, at the bottom of the lower chamber on the right hand, is a sluice-gate (cataracta) through which the mud and other impurities were discharged into the sewer.
4. A tank, or basin of water, in the atrium or peristylium of private houses (Pet. Sat. 62. 7.); more usually termed IMPLUVIUM, which see.
5. Any large wooden vat for holding water. Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 32.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pistillum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PISTILLUM or PISTILLUS (ὑπέρον). Our pestle; an instrument with a bluff head (Hieron. Ep. 69. n. 4.) used with a mortar (mortarium, Plaut. Aul. i. 3. 17.), for kneading, mixing, and stirring things round (Virg. Moret. iii. 102. and the Greek proverb ὑπέρου περιστοφή); whereas the pilum was a larger implement, used with an action of pounding and braying in a deep vessel termed pila. The example (Pistillum/1.1) represents an original pestle found amongst some ruins of Roman building, excavated when making the approaches to London Bridge, and resembling in every respect those now in use; but an epigram (ap. Sympos. 85.) implies that the Romans also made pestles with a double head, one at each end, like our dumb bells; and the two words pistillum and pilum, as well as the Greek names which correspond with them, are frequently interchanged with each other without regard to the accurate notion they contained.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pistor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PISTOR. Literally one who pounds and brays things in a mortar; thence, more specially, a miller, because in very early times, before the invention of mills for grinding, the corn was brayed into flour with a very heavy pestle, in the manner represented by the figure s. PILUM 1.; and subsequently the same word also signified a baker (Greek ἀρτοποιός), because those tradesmen always ground the flour with which they made their bread. Varro ap. Non. s. Pinsere, p. 152. Plin. H. N. xviii. 28. Varro, ap. Gell. xv. 19.
2. Pistor dulciarius. A confectioner. Mart. xiv. 222.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pistrilla

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PISTRIL'LA. Diminutive of PISTRINA. Terent. Adelph. iv. 2. 45.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pistrina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PISTRI'NA. (Plin. H. N. xviii. 20.). Same as PISTRINUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pistrinum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PISTRI'NUM (μυλών). Originally signified the place where corn was brayed into flour by means of a large pestle and deep mortar, in the manner shown by the figure s. PILUM 1.; but after the invention of mills for grinding (MOLA), the same term was retained to designate the mill-house (Terent. Phorm. ii. 1. 19. Cic. Or. i. 11.), where the mills were driven by slaves, cattle, or water (Pallad. i. 42.); and which, in consequence of the laborious exertion required for grinding by hand, as well as the continuousness of the toil, for they were frequently kept going by night as well as day (Apul. Met. ix. p. 183.), was commonly used as a place of punishment for offending slaves, like our workhouse, where they were condemned to undergo a period of imprisonment with hard labour. Plaut. passim.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pistris

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PIS'TRIS or PRIS'TIS, and PIS'TRIX or PRIS'TIX (πίστρις and πρίστις). A sea-monster (Florus, iii. 5. 16. Plin. H. N. ix. 2.); but always represented by the ancient artists with the same characteristic features as are exhibited in the annexed illustration (Pistris/1.1) from a painting at Pompeii, viz. the head of a dragon, the neck and breast of a beast, with fins in the place of front legs, and the tail and body of a fish (Virg. Aen. iii. 427.); a form generally adopted by the early Christian artists to represent the whale which swallowed Jonah.
2. The name given to a particular class of ships of war (Liv. xxxv. 26. Polyb. xvii. 1. 1.), doubtless from a certain resemblance in general form to the above figure; perhaps from the bow rising very high out of the water, like the head and neck there portrayed. In Virgil (Aen. v. 116.) pistris is the adopted name of a vessel, after the image of this monster borne on its bows as a figure-head (insigne). See the woodcut at p. 352.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pittacium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PITTAC'IUM (πιττάκιον). A slip or bit of paper, parchment, or leather for writing on; especially as a label for a wine bottle, on which the date of the vintage, quality of the wine, and time of bottling, was inscribed. Pet. Sat. 34. 6. Ib. 56. 7.
2. A piece of linen spread with ointment to form a plaster. Laber. ap. Gell. xvi. 7. Celsus, iii. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Placenta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLACEN'TA (πλακοῦς). A thin flat cake made of wheat flour, mixed with cheese and honey, but of considerable size, so that it would cut up into a number of separate pieces, for each of the guests present. Cato. R. R. 76. Hor. Ep. i. 10. 11. Compare Sat. ii. 8. 24.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plaga

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PLAGA (ἐνόδιον). A hunting net, intended to be drawn across a road, opening, or ride in the cover, in order to prevent the game from getting out of bounds. (Grat. Cyneg. 300. Hor. Epod. 2. 23. Lucret. v. 1250. Compare Serv. ad Virg. Aen. iv. 131.) Though the exact nature and character of this net is open to dispute, yet it would appear from a general comparison of the passages in which mention of it occurs, that it was similar in form and use to the RETE; with the exception of being smaller, and employed as a subsidiary to the larger one, across narrow and confined passes, which would otherwise give an inlet into the open country.
2. Same as PLAGULA. Afranius and Varro, ap. Non. s. v. pp. 378. 537.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plagula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLAG'ULA. Diminutive of PLAGA, but applied with the following special senses: —
1. A curtain or rideau, suspended like a net round the couches of a triclinium to keep off the dust or currents of air from the guests reclining at table, as in the annexed example (Plagula/1.1) from a bas-relief in the British Museum. Liv. xxxix. 6.
2. A curtain which could be drawn or withdrawn round the sides of a palanquin (lectica), so as to seclude the inmate when desired, or convert the whole into an open carriage. Suet. Tit. 10. and illustration s. LECTICA.
3. A breadth of cloth, two or more of which, when sewed together, make up a dress. Varro, L. L. ix. 79.
4. A strip or file of paper, several of which, when glued together, make up a sheet. Plin. H. N. xiii. 23.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plaguncula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLAGUN'CULA (πλαγγών). A wax doll. Cic. Att. vi. Ernesti, Clavis, s. v. Callim. Dem. 92. PUPA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Planipes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLA'NIPES. An actor who played a part in a species of low farce, termed a mime (mimus), and who received that designation because he came upon the stage with naked feet, without either the cothurnus or soccus, planis pedibus, i. e. non arte exaltatis. (Diomed. iii. 487. Aul. Gell. i. 11. 7. Macrob. Sat. ii. 1.) The illustration (Planipes/1.1) is from an engraved gem.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plastes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLAS'TES (πλάστης). One who models works of art in clay or wax. Vell i. 17. 4. Plin. H. N. xxxv. 45.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plasticator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLASTICA'TOR. (Firm. Matth. viii. 16.) Same as preceding.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Platea

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLATE'A and PLAT'EA (πλατεῖα, sc. ὁδός.) A broad or principal street in a town, as contradistinguished from a bye-lane or back-street (angiportus) in the same. Ter. Andr. iv. 5. 1. Hor. Ep. ii. 2. 71. Caes. B. C. i. 27. Hirt. B. Alex. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plaustrarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLAUSTRA'RIUS (ἁμαξοπηγός). A wagon maker or cartwright. Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 24.
2. (ἁμαξεύς.) A wagoner. Ulp. Dig. 9. 2. 27. and woodcut, s. Plaustrum Majus.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plaustrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLAUS'TRUM (ἅμαξα). A wagon on two wheels usually drawn by oxen, and particularly employed in country occupations for the conveyance of heavy loads and produce of every description. (Plaut. Aul. iii. 5. 31.) Though we make use of the term wagon as the nearest corresponding expression for the Roman plaustrum, that by no means suggests a true notion of the actual object, which in reality consisted of nothing more than a strong platform of boards placed upon a pair of wheels, that were not radiated with spokes (radii), but formed out of a tambourine of solid wood (tympanum), fixed permanently to the axle, so that the whole, both wheels and axle, revolved together; and this explains why the plaustrum is usually spoken of as a noisy and creaking cart (stridens, Virg. Georg. iii. 536. Ov. Trist. iii. 10. 59.) The load itself was merely fastened upon this platform, when of a nature to be so disposed; or was included in a large basket (scirpea in plaustro. Ov. Fast. vi. 680.), as in the present example (Plaustrum/1.1) from a Roman bas-relief, when composed of many small articles which could not otherwise be held together; or, in other cases, a moveable rail was affixed to the sides, which kept the load together, without concealing it; or, as Varro expresses it, left it open on all sides (ex omni parte palam, Varro, L. L. v. 140.), as in the annexed specimen (Plaustrum/1.2), also from a bas-relief.
2. Plaustrum majus. (Cato, R. R. x. 2. Varro, R. R. i. 22. 3.) A wagon of the same description, and employed for similar purposes, but of larger dimensions, and placed upon four wheels instead of two, as exhibited by the annexed example (Plaustrum/2.1), from a sepulchral bas-relief discovered at Langres in France.
* Plaustrum/1.1
* Plaustrum/1.2
* Plaustrum/2.1