OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vinarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VINA'RIUM. The press-room or building containing the presses (torcularia) and other necessaries for making wine. (Columell. xii. 18. 3.) See the article TORCULARIUM, under which a similar dependance for making oil is illustrated and explained.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vinculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIN'CULUM (δεσμος). Any thing which binds; as —
1. A string or riband tied round a letter, and over which the seal was affixed. Nep. Paus. 4. Ov. Trist. iv. 7. 7.
2. A string by which the bung of a wine-jar (cadus) or other vessel was tied down, previous to being sealed. Tibull. ii. 1. 28., wood-cut s. PELLICULATUS.
3. A fillet and a chaplet for the head. Sen. Thyest. 544. Id. Med. 70. VITTA. CORONA.
4. A collar, and a leash for dogs. Tibull. iv. 3. 15. Ov. Met. viii. 332. COLLARE, 2. COPULA, 1.
5. The thong by which a yoke was fastened under the animal's neck. Tibull. ii. 1. 7. JUGUM.
6. The thong by which boxing-gauntlets were fastened round the wrist and arm. Virg. Aen. v. 408. CAESTUS.
7. The strap or lace by which some kinds of shoes were fastened round the feet and ankles. Tibull. i. 5. 66. Ov. Met. iii. 168. AMENTUM.
8. A manacle for the wrists. Sen. Med. 463. MANICA, 4.
9. A chain for the neck. Ov. Met. x. 381. COLLARE, 1.
10. A fetter, for the feet. Tibull. i. 6. 31. COMPES.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vindemiator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VINDEMIA'TOR (τρυγητήρ). A vintager, who gathers the grapes (Varro, L. L. v. 94.); and who dresses the vines (Hor. Sat. i. 8. 30.).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vindemia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VINDE'MIA (τρύγητος). Strictly, a gathering of grapes at vintage (Varro, L. L. v. 37.), but also applied to other produce; as, olives (Plin. H. N. xv. 2.), frankincense (Id. xii. 32.), and honey (Columell. ix. 15. 1.). The gathering of olives by means of ladders raised against the trees is shown by the annexed illustration (Vindemia/1.1), from an engraved gem; and the gathering of grapes by similar means is represented on a bas-relief amongst the collection at Ince-Blundell, and on a mosaic pavement discovered at Rome. Pict. Crypt. tav. 24.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vindicta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VINDIC'TA. A rod with which the praetor, or the praetor's lictor, tapped the head of a slave as a sign that he was thus made free (Liv. ii. 5. Cic. Top. 2. Pers. v. 88.); in the same manner as a penitent at the Roman Catholic confessional kneels down, and receives the tap of a wand on his head as a token of absolution, — a custom which probably owes its origin to the above practice of the ancient Romans.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vinea

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VI'NEA. A shed employed by the Roman soldiers to protect themselves from the missiles of the enemy, whilst occupied in undermining or breaching the walls of a fortress. It had a sloping roof of planks and wicker-work supported upon uprights, and was closed on three of its sides by similar materials, the whole frame being covered outside with raw hides or horse-hair cloth, to insure it from being set on fire. Each vinea, by itself, was about eight feet high and sixteen in length; but a sufficient number of them were joined together in a line, and run up close to the walls, so that the ram and other engines could be securely plied against the foundations underneath them. Caes. B.C. ii. 2. Liv. xxxvii. 26. Veg. Mil. iv. 15.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vinitorius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VINITO'RIUS. See FALX, 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vinitor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VI'NITOR (ἀμπελουργός). A vine-dresser. Cic. Fin. v. 14. Cato, R. R. iii. 3. 8.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Violarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIOLA'RIUS. One who dyes cloth of a violet colour. Plaut. Aul. iii. 5. 36.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Virgatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIRGA'TUS (ῥαβδωτός). Striped, like a tiger (Sil. Ital. v. 148.); hence, of drapery ornamented with long stripes (virgae) of gold or various colours woven into the pattern, as exhibited on the tunic of the annexed figure (Virgatus/1.1), representing Priam, in the Vatican Virgil. Virg. Aen. viii. 660. Sil. Ital. iv. 155.
2. Made or plaited with twigs (virgae), like a basket. Catull. 64. 319.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Virga

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIRGA (ῥάβδος). Literally, a green bough (Varro, R. R. i. 594.); whence applied to various objects, which are made from a long straight branch cut off from the tree, corresponding with our terms a wand, rod, switch, amongst which the most characteristic are as follows: —
1. A switch for riding (Mart. ix. 23.) or driving (Juv. iii. 317.), thin and tapering, without any thong, as in the annexed example (Virga/1.1), from a fictile vase.
2. A switch or cane for punishing boys at school (Juv. vii. 210.), or for carrying in the hand as a walking-cane (Ov. Fast. ii. 706.); but smaller, lighter, and shorter than the regular walking-stick or staff (baculum), as exemplified by the annexed example (Virga/2.1), from a Pompeian painting representing Ulysses.
3. A stick, which the lictor carried in his right hand for the purpose of clearing the way before the magistrate on whom he attended, and of knocking at the doors of the houses where the magistrate visited. (Liv. vi. 34. Compare Mart. viii. 66.) The example (Virga/3.1) is from a sepulchral bas-relief.
4. A wand, carried as a mark of distinction by persons of consequence, such as poets or the principal actors in a play; or by those in authority, such as the master or overseer of a band of workmen, who in works of art is always distinguished from his men by this badge; or the trainer of a band of gladiators, always distinguished by the same emblem, and one of whom is represented by the annexed figure (Virga/4.1), from a Roman mosaic. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. iv. 242.
5. A magic wand, such as was attributed to Mercury (Hor. Od. i. 10. 18.) and to Circe (Virg. Aen. iv. 242., with which she transformed the companions of Ulysses into swine, as represented by the illustration (Virga/5.1), from a marble bas-relief.
6. Virgae (αἱ ῥάβδοι), in the plural; the rods of birch or elm which formed a lictor's fasces, and with which a criminal was beaten. Plin. H. N. xvi. 30. Cic. Verr. ii. 5. 62. FASCIS, 2.
7. Plural. The ribs upon which an umbrella or parasol is extended. Ov. A. Am. ii. 209. UMBELLA.
* Virga/1.1
* Virga/2.1
* Virga/3.1
* Virga/4.1
* Virga/5.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Virgula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIR'GULA. Diminutive of VIRGA; a small branch (Nepos. Thras. 4.); a magic wand (Cic. Off. i. 44. VIRGA, 5.); a metal rod, forming the rattle of a sistrum (Apul. Met. xi. p. 240. SISTRUM); a drum-stick. (Isidor. Orig. iii. 21. 14. SYMPHONIA, 2.)
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Viriatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIRIA'TUS. Same as ARMILLATUS; applied to Hannibal. Lucil. Sat. xxvi. 24.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Viria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VI'RIA. An old name for ARMILLA. Isidor. Orig. xix. 31. 16. Tertull. Pall. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Viriculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIRIC'ULUM. Plin. H. N. xxxv. 41. Same as CESTRUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Viridarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIRIDA'RIUM or VIRIDIA'RIUM. A pleasure-garden; or, probably, the shrubbery in a garden. Suet. Tib. 60. Cic. Att. ii. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Viridarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIRIDA'RIUS. A pleasure-gardener. (Inscript. ap. Grut. 602. 2.) There does not appear to be any positive distinction between the occupation of the viridarius and the topiarius.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Viriola

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VI'RIOLA. Diminutive of VIRIA. Isidor. Orig. xix. 31. 16. Ulp. Dig. 18. 1. 14.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Viticomus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VITIC'OMUS. Wearing a chaplet of vine-leaves, especially apllied as an epithet of Bacchus. Avien. in Arat. Compare CORYMBUS, 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vitis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VI'TIS. Literally, a vine; thence, the branch of a vine, cut into a stick or baton, which the Roman centurions employed for punishing any of the men who had neglected their military duties. (Plin. H. N. xiv. 3. Ov. A. Am. iii. 527. Juv. viii. 247.) The illustration (Vitis/1.1) represents a centurion with the vitis in his right hand, from a bas-relief. Compare the wood-cut s. EVOCATI.
2. Same as VINEA. Lucil. Sat. p. 89. 69. ed. Gerlach. ex Fest. Sub vitem praeliarii.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vitrearius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VITREA'RIUS (ὑαλουργος). A glass-worker. Sen. Ep. 90.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vitreus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIT'REUS (ὑάλινος). Made of glass; whence Vitrea absolutely in the plural, glass vessels (Mart. i. 42. Stat. Sylv. i. 6. 74.); in the manufacture of which the ancients were exceedingly skilful, making excellent imitations of precious stones, mixing together a variety of colours, and working the material with an exquisite finish after it had been blown. The Portland vase in the British Museum, which is made of glass, affords an unrivalled specimen of this branch of ancient art.
2. Pila vitrea. See PILA, 3.
3. (ὑαλοειδής). Like glass, transparent; as toga vitrea, a toga made of very fine texture, so that the tunic could be seen through it. Varro ap. Non. s. Vitreum, p. 448.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vittatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VITTA'TUS. Decorated with a vitta, as described and exemplified by the preceding article and illustrations; of women (Ov. Am. i. 7. 17.), vestals (Lucan. i. 597.), cattle at the sacrifice (Ov. Met. xii. 151.).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vitta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VITTA. A riband, or band, commonly worn round the head by free-born ladies both before and after marriage (Virg. Aen. ii. 168. Prop. iv. 3. 16.), to confine the hair in a neat and modest manner (Ov. Met. ii. 413. Id. A. Am. i. 31.); and to distinguish them from women of easy virtue (Id. Rem. 386.), who dressed so as to attract observation by their meretricious appearance. The illustration (Vitta/1.1) is from a painting at Pompeii.
2. The sacred vitta, strictly speaking, is the long riband which fastened together the flocks of wool forming an infula, the two ends of which, with their fringed extremities (taeniae) hung down at the back of the neck (Virg. Georg. iii. 487. Id. Aen. x. 538. Isidor. Orig. xix. 30. 4.); whence the term is frequently used, in a collective sense, for the fillet itself, formed of these three parts, and which was born by both sexes of the priesthood (Virg. Aen. ii. 221. Ib. vii. 418. Juv. iv. 9.), and especially by those attached to the service of Vesta (Ov. Fast. iii. 30.), as exhibited by the illustration (Vitta/2.1), which represents a Vestal virgin on a medal, bearing the inscription BELLICIÆ MODESTÆ, V. V.
3. A riband of the same description fastened round the infula, with which the head of a victim was dressed at the sacrifice (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. ii. 133. Ov. Pont. iii. 2. 75.); or round the festoons (serta) with which altars, temples, and houses were decorated upon solemn occasions (Virg. Ecl. viii. 64. Aen. iii. 64. Prop. iv. 9. 27. Tac. Hist. iv. 53.), as in the annexed example (Vitta/3.1) from a sculptured altar. In this sense the term is likewise applied collectively to the whole ornament as well as the ligature which bound it.
* Vitta/1.1
* Vitta/2.1
* Vitta/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vivarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIVA'RIUM (ζωγρεῖον). A very general term for any place in which beasts, fowls, fish, or any kind of animals were kept alive, either for the purposes of gain or pleasure; a park for game, a warren, fish-pond, decoy, preserve for oysters, &c. Aul. Gell. ii. 20. Plin. H. N. viii. 50. Ib. 78. Id. ix. 81.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Volgiolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VOL'GIOLUS. An implement used in husbandry and horticulture for making beds smooth and level. Plin. H. N. xvii. 14.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Volsella

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VOLSELLA and VULSELLA (τριχολαβίς). A pair of tweezers, for pulling hairs out by the roots. (Mart. ix. 28.) The example (Volsella/1.1) is from an original found in an excavation near Rome.
2. A pair of small pincers employed by dentists for removing any decayed or broken fragments of a tooth which might be left behind when the tooth was extracted. (Celsus, vi. 12. 1.) The example (Volsella/2.1) is from an original found amongst several other surgical instruments at Pompeii.
3. A surgical instrument for taking up the proud flesh or edge of a wound to facilitate the operation of cutting away any portions which require removal. Celsus, vi. 18. 3.
4. A surgical instrument used for replacing broken and protruding bones, made like a smith's forceps. Celsus, vii. 10. 7.
* Volsella/1.1
* Volsella/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Volumen

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VOLU'MEN. A roll, or book, which was written upon one long sheet, made out of a number of strips of papyrus, glued together, and when completed, rolled round a cylinder, so that the reader unrolled it as he read; whence the expression evolvere volumen means "to read a book." (Cic. Att. x. 10. Hor. Tibull. Propert. Mart.) The illustration (Volumen/1.1) represents five rolls tied up together, from originals as they were discovered in a house at Herculaneum.
2. A volume, in our sense of the term, that is, a certain portion of a work contained in one roll; for when the MSS. ran to any length, it was customary to divide it into separate parts or books, each of which was rolled upon a separate stick. Ov. Trist. iii. 14. 19. Plin. Ep. iii. 5. 5. Plin. H. N. vi. 34.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Voluta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VOLU'TA (κάλχη. Hesych. and Inscript.). A volute; the spiral scroll (Voluta/1.1) which constitutes the distinguishing feature of an Ionic capital, curling down under each angle of the abacus, and which is said by Vitruvius to have been designed in imitation of a bunch of curls on each side of the female face; but the Greek name, which literally means the murex or limpet, indicates that the idea was suggested by the spirals of a fish's shell. Vitruv. iv. 1. 7. Id. iii. 5. 5.
2. (ἕλιξ). The volute which curls down under each of the four corners of the abacus in a Corinthian capital (Voluta/2.1), and which imitate the stalks of a parasitical plant bent down by a superincumbent obstacle. The two small ones which meet under the rosette (flos) in the centre of each face are distinguished by the term helices minores. Vitruv. iv. 1. 12.
* Voluta/1.1
* Voluta/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vomer

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VO'MER and VO'MIS (ὕννις or ὕνις). A ploughshare (Varro, L. L. v. 135. Virg. Georg. i. 45. Cic. Phil. ii. 40.), formed of a metal plate (C), affixed to the share-beam (dentale), as in the annexed example (Vomer/1.1) from a bas-relief, which exhibits a specimen of the share termed vomer resupinus. (Plin. H. N. xviii. 48.) Other examples of simpler kinds, employed in light soils (Plin. l. c.), are represented by the wood-cuts s. DENS, 4., and DENTALE; and a share furnished with a coulter, also described by Pliny (l. c.), is given under the word CULTER, 7.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vomitoria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VOMITO'RIA. In theatres and amphitheatres, the vomitories, or doors of entrance from the internal lobbies, which gave immediate admission to the tiers of seats occupied by the spectators. (Macrob. Sat. vi. 4.) The illustration (Vomitoria/1.1) represents a portion of the cavea in the great theatre at Pompeii, comprising four vomitories, shown by the four small doorways at the top, two in each praecinctio; but others were disposed at relative distances round both circular belts, opening upon the head of every flight of stairs (scalae), down which the spectators descended till they came to the step or circle (gradus, sedile), where every one's seat was marked out and numbered (wood-cut s. LINEA, 7.). Each of these vomitories corresponded likewise with one or more staircases formed in the shell of the building, and communicating with the exterior (see the wood-cut and description s. AMPHITHEATRUM, p. 29.), so that the whole company could retire, almost at once, without the least crowding or inconvenience. It is calculated that the Flavian amphitheatre was capable of containing more than 90,000 spectators, and was furnished with vomitories and staircases sufficient for the whole concourse to disperse in less than five minutes.