OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ecliptic/Quizzes/Quiz 1

This is one of two quizzes pertinent to Ecliptic (permalink)] that is also relevant to the Antikythera_mechanism/Quizzes. Randomized versions of this quiz are available on this Testbank. See also How to use this testbank. (These quizzes will be linked to w:Ecliptic after they have been verified.)
Quizbank/How to use testbank
# Globulars in M31
## M31, the Great Andomeda Galaxy

The first recorded observation of this object as a fuzzy patch was by the Persian astronomer, Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi. The nature of this "little cloud" has been the source of speculations throughout history. The answer was partially revealed shortly after the invention of the telescope which allowed Simon Marius to study it in 1612.
As a nebulousity it was cataloged in the 19th century and many other similar 'spiral nebulas' were discovered.
Photography institued a new era in the exploration of such objects and in 1917 Heber Curtis noticed that nova from the distant object were 10 magnitudes fainter making the object 500,000 light-years away. He hypothesized that such objects were "island universes" and were large copies of the stars, dust and gas that we called the milky way.
This remained controversial for a full decade, until Edwin Hubble, using the large palomar telescope, resolved some of its variable stars. As the timing of changes in the variable star was conclusively related to its brightness, he was able to conclusively show that M31, was indeed far beyond this galaxy. We now know it to be 2.2 million light-years away.

## A globular cluster

A globular cluster is a very old and tightly bound group of stars. A globular cluster may have some million stars and therefore it shines very brightly. But on the other hand, globular clusters are found in the Halo around a galaxy and thus are much further away than many objects seen in the telescopes (galaxies being an obvious exception). The milky way galaxy has 158 known globular clusters, however many galaxies have far more. The Andromeda galaxy is suspected to have 500.

## Observing globulars in M31

It is amazing to see any star groups 2 million light-years away, yet nevertheless globular clusters are a definite (but demanding observing target for a 10" reflecting telescope). At this distance, all sense of it being a cluster is lost and it shines as one of M31 brighter stars. While some maps show many hundreds, many of which can be imaged with modest equiptment, the limit for a 10" scope is somewhere around 6-12.
The following sketch was carefully made of all field stars I saw during a clear night with a 10" dobsonian. Two globulars are shown, a third was clearly missed (having a brightness similar to other observed field stars)
Please feel free to attach any sketches of images which capture M31 globulars.
# Glossary of geology terms/Flashcards for geology terms

This flashcard system created using techniques explained in Flashcard section of Test and Quiz. To add a term cut and paste an entire block then cut and paste in the new term behind the semi-colon and its definition behind the colon. Increment the last switch block tag and place the number in the new block tag, (|1= ....). Finally update the divisor in the switch statement expression to match total number of cards available. Otherwise some cards will not ever be picked for display.
    A body of molten rock found at depth this includes dissolved gases and crystals. (C Simoneau)

## Magma

Get new card

## Please Place Terms to Add Under this Header

25 Term - definition
# Glossary of musical terms/Fifth

The fifth is regarded, in western musical tradition as a very important interval. Because of the tendency of a melodic line to jump from the tonic upward to the fifth, then return to the fifth frequently, it is also known as the dominant of a given scale.
# Glossary of musical terms/Tempo
## tempo

    the "speed" of the music. The tempo determines how many notes of a given value can be played in a given amount of time. Musical scores may include a tempo recommendation (usually in Italian), i.e.,
* Allegro
* Largo
    or a more precise instruction, in the form of a particular note-value, i.e.
# Glossary of musical terms/Transposition

Musical transposition is the practice of moving a note, or complete melody higher or lower, either in notation, or in performance. For example, the note C transposed up by a fifth becomes G. Note duration remains the same when a note is transposed, so that the rhythm remains unaffected.
# Goal

This psychology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
# Goal setting

This psychology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
# Goal identification exercise

← Go back to ID Page
| Introduction | Goal Setting Process | Exercise | Designing Goal Setting Activity | Practice |

## Identifying the SMART goals in your own area of instruction

In this page, you will be practicing setting up tasks goals and process goals for your own instruction. From the perspective of the learners who are taking your instruction, try to come up with a set of tasks goals and process goals to successfully accomplish your instruction.
As the subject matter, target leaners, duration of instruction etc vary, you will end up with various different kinds task and process goals.
For next 5 minutes, you need to fill out your name, topic of your instruction, 1 task goal, and at least 2 process goals in the table below. In addition, you are also responsible for adding your feedback comments on at least one other people's task and process goals about what is good about them, and how they can improve them.
(In order to write your own answer, please click the "edit" link to enter the editing mode. When you are in the editing mode, you can type your answers in where now "Example" is. At the end of your answer for the Feedback column, do not forget to add four tildes (~), which will create your signature for you. Once you type in your answer, do not forget to click "Save page" button underneath the editing box)
| Name | Topic | Task Goals | Process Goals | Feedback |
| John Doe | Basic HTML | Creating one Web page with three headings, one 5*5 table, one image inserted in the table | Researching the steps to create a table, Researching the steps to insert an image, | You can improve your goals by incorporating time-bound elements such as within a class time or within a week.Yeolhuh (talk) 14:56, 20 April 2012 (UTC) You can make your goals more specific by identifying a tool or a resource to use.Yeolhuh (talk) 14:57, 20 April 2012 (UTC) |
| Example | Example | Example | Example | Example |
| Example | Example | Example | Example | Example |
Back to Goal Setting Process Page - Exercise - Go to Designing Goal Setting Activity Page
# Engineering Projects/Rube Goldberg/Howard Community College/Spring2012

p1501_ZEL
# Engineering Projects/Rube Goldberg/Howard Community College

Howard Community College is starting this project in the fall of 2011. The goal is to give those that program and/or game a very specific programming project.
       Fall2012
       Fall2011
       Spring2012
# Engineering Projects/Rube Goldberg/Howard Community College/Fall2012

p1-504-fcrd
p2-504-fcrd
# Engineering Projects/Rube Goldberg
## Project Rube Goldberg

Rube Goldberg projects are best when big and sponsored:
* Share a Coke by Harvey Mudd College, sponsored by Coke
* This too shall pass by the band OK Go, sponsored by State Farmers Insurance
* Honda Accord commercial
* Red Bull
* Best animation

## Tutorials

old documentation
# Engineering Projects/Rube Goldberg/Howard Community College/Fall2011

550_FKJ
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/October/White Flowers/Trees, Shrubs, and Vines/DPL

This page is used to help create a key.
* BCP/Hibiscus trionum
* BCP/Chrysanthemum x morifolium
* BCP/Viburnum rhytidophyllum
* BCP/Galinsoga parviflora
* BCP/Cichorium intybus
* BCP/Datura stramonium
* BCP/Salvia nemorosa
* BCP/Cleome hassleriana
* BCP/Fagopyrum esculentum
* BCP/Mollugo verticillata
* BCP/Corydalis ochroleuca
* BCP/Persicaria maculosa
* BCP/Nicotiana sylvestris
* BCP/Zinnia violacea
* BCP/Tanacetum parthenium
* BCP/Conyza canadensis
* BCP/Eupatorium rugosum
* BCP/Agastache foeniculum
* BCP/Pycnanthemum incanum
* BCP/Euphorbia maculata
* BCP/Pycnanthemum tenuifolium
* BCP/Begonia
* BCP/Leucanthemum x superbum
* BCP/Polygonum sagittatum
* BCP/Nipponanthemum nipponicum
* BCP/Ocimum basilicum
* BCP/Prunus laurocerasus
* BCP/Buddleja davidii
* BCP/Echinacea purpurea
* BCP/Aster lateriflorus
* BCP/Impatiens walleriana
* BCP/Phlox paniculata
* BCP/Persicaria polymorpha
* BCP/Pentas lanceolata
* BCP/Anemone x hybrida
* BCP/Platycodon grandiflorus
* BCP/Mentha suaveolens
* BCP/Lonicera japonica
* BCP/Aster ericoides
* BCP/Lobelia siphilitica
* BCP/Abelia x grandiflora
* BCP/Saponaria officinalis
* BCP/Vinca minor
* BCP/Daucus carota
* BCP/Fragaria x ananassa
* BCP/Aster novae-angliae
* BCP/Lobularia maritima
* BCP/Trifolium repens
* BCP/Viola tricolor
* BCP/Phytolacca americana
* BCP/Viola x wittrockiana
* BCP/Achillea sibirica
* BCP/Lagerstroemia indica
* BCP/Plantago lanceolata
* BCP/Rosa
* BCP/Prunus
* BCP/Viola
* BCP/Dianthus
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/October/Yellow Flowers/DPL

This page is used to help create a Key.
* BCP/Digitalis grandiflora
* BCP/Hibiscus trionum
* BCP/Zinnia violacea
* BCP/Euthamia graminifolia
* BCP/Oxalis corniculata
* BCP/Solidago
* BCP/Helenium autumnale
* BCP/Erechtites hieracifolia
* BCP/Lycopersicon
* BCP/Verbascum blattaria
* BCP/Amaranthus retroflexus
* BCP/Rudbeckia triloba
* BCP/Rudbeckia fulgida
* BCP/Celosia argentea
* BCP/Tagetes patula
* BCP/Rorippa sylvestris
* BCP/Duchesnea indica
* BCP/Lonicera japonica
* BCP/Medicago lupulina
* BCP/Chrysanthemum x morifolium
* BCP/Corydalis lutea
* BCP/Sicyos angulatus
* BCP/Helianthus x laetiflorus
* BCP/Artemisia annua
* BCP/Linaria vulgaris
* BCP/Oxalis stricta
* BCP/Taraxacum officinale
* BCP/Viola tricolor
* BCP/Viola x wittrockiana
* BCP/Oenothera
* BCP/Solidago canadensis
* BCP/Rosa
* BCP/Helianthus salicifolius
* BCP/Viola
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/September
## September

* White flowers (57)
** Herbaceous plants with white flowers (45) (Fine keys not available due to missing information. See Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/September/Maintenance for to-do list)
*** Herbaceous plants with white flowers and simple leaves
**** Herbaceous plants with white flowers and simple, alternate leaves
**** Herbaceous plants with white flowers and simple, opposite leaves
*** Herbaceous plants with white flowers and compound leaves
** Trees, shrubs, and vines with white flowers (12)
* Pink flowers (26)
** Herbaceous plants with pink flowers (20) (Fine keys not available due to missing information. See Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/September/Maintenance for to-do list)
* Red flowers (10)
* Orange flowers (10)
* Yellow flowers (33)
* Green flowers (8)
* Blue flowers (6)
* Purple flowers (35)
* Brown flowers (0)
* Black flowers (0)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/October/White Flowers/Herbaceous/Simple Leaves/DPL

This page is used to help create a graphical key.
No pages meet these criteria.
# Election Science
## The School of Election Science

The School of Election Science is dedicated to dedicated to the scholarship of group decision making and election systems.
See w:Voting system and w:Social choice theory.

## Resources (on Wikiversity)

Voting systems

## External resources

* Electowiki with much information about voting systems.
* The Center for Election Science, non profit formed by people involved with the Center for Range Voting.
* The Center for Range Voting advocacy organization for Range voting and the study of voting systems.
* FairVote, advocacy organization, mostly for Instant runoff voting.
# Elasticity/Wedge with boundary tractions
## Wedge with Boundary Tractions

* Elastic wedge with normal and shear surface tractions
Suppose
* The tractions on the boundary vary as $r^{n}\,$.
* No body forces.
Then
    ${\text{(1)}}\qquad \varphi =r^{n+2}f(\theta )$
To find $f(\theta )$ plug into $\nabla ^{4}{\varphi }=0$.
    ${\text{(2)}}\qquad \left({\frac {d^{2}}{d\theta ^{2}}}+(n+2)^{2}\right)\left({\frac {d^{2}}{d\theta ^{2}}}+n^{2}\right)f(\theta )=0$
If $n\neq 0$ and $n\neq -2$,
    ${\text{(3)}}\qquad \varphi =r^{n+2}\left[a_{1}\cos\{(n+2)\theta \}+a_{2}\cos(n\theta )+a_{3}\sin\{(n+2)\theta \}+a_{4}\sin(n\theta )\right]$
The corresponding stresses and displacements can be found from the tables associated with Michell's solution. We have to take special care for the case where $n=0$, i.e., the traction on the surface is constant.

## Sample Homework Problem

Find the stresses and displacements for a wedge loaded in constant shear $S$ on its surface.
# Engineering Projects/Water Jet
## Idea

Water Jets are used to irrigation as well as art. The goal is to find the nozzels that squirt water, learn to control them with an arduino and create curtains that create pictures or words, fountains that dance, etc.
# Engineering Projects/Water Treatment/Howard Community College

    Fall 2011
# Engineering Projects/Water Treatment/Howard Community College/Fall 2011/550 KIS
### Problem Statement

Put the last negotiated problem statement with the instructor or client of the project here.

### Team Members

JaeHaynes

### Summary

Weekly Reports

### Poster

Put a graphic in wikimedia, include the graphic here or link to it here. The graphic should be suitable for creating a traditional project poster.

### Story

Tell a story of the project. Describe how split up, what the obstacles were, what testing was done, what informal decisions were made, what assumptions were made, what the results were. This is a longer version of the summary with links to all the details collected associated with the project. These links could be to software, links to videos, links to project pages with pictures, etc. Think of the story as a summary of the team weekly reports on one long page rather than a short paragraph like the summary.

### Decision List

List all formal decisions made with links to their documentation such as a decision tree or decision matrix.

### Material List

Figuring out what to purchase, what to build, what everything costs is a huge part of engineering. Typically there is a list of materials in stock, materials that are ordered, materials that should be ordered next time there is money, materials that have not been fully justified. These issues are part of healthy management of the engineering lab but are associated with a particular college. The detail needs to be published in this "Done" form. However in the project root, just a list of materials is necessary.

### Software List

Installing and learning different software packages is part of most engineering project just like the materials list.

### Time

Time estimates and actual time consumed measurements helps justify salaries (grades). The only way to gain respect for estimated project time and costs is to practice.

### Tutorials

Most projects consist of making instructions to jump start the next team, shrink the learning of tools and software to the minimum, advice on where to purchase materials, how to assemble, etc. Tutorials modified or created are described here with links.

### Next Steps

If this is not filled out, the next team may have to repeat each of your steps just to figure out what the next step is. It is best to write this immediately at the end of the project while creating the summary, poster, presentation, and story.

## Subjective Critera

While reading these sections, practicing engineers are building up the following impressions about the document. So the following categories are more subjective:

### Repeatablitly

Is there enough detail to repeat the work?

### Integrity

Proving something doesn't exist or doesn't work usually requires exhaustion. Simply saying "it can not be done" is like challenging a pro basketball player (engineer) to one-on-one basketball (find a solution). It does not inspire respect. All the different ways respect is created can be found throughout the wikibook General Engineering Introduction.
# Engineering mathematics
## Great Resources

* BYU math for engineers website (Online lectures, learning modules... etc)

## Syllabus

* Algebra
* Matrix Algebra for Electrical Engineers
* Sequences and Series
* Co-ordinate geometry
* Two Dimensions
* Three Dimensions
* Complex Numbers
* Differential equations
* Calculus
* Mean Value Theorems
* Definite Integrals
* Multiple Integrals
* Vector Calculus
* Numerical Methods
* Probability and statistics
* Transform Theory
* Laplace transform
* Fourier transform
* Z-transform
* linear algebra
# Engineering Projects/Water Treatment/Howard Community College/Fall 2011

This section is for team pages doing the Water Treatment project.
       550_KIS
# Engineering Projects/Wind Turbine
### Problem Statement

to create and test a wind turbine that would successfully converted kinetic energy from the wind into a source of electricity that can be used to supply electricity to other devices. this device will hopefully serve as an example for the concept of wind energy

### Team Members

Patrick_Thoreson
Tolulope Ajayi
Lukas Stanley

### summary

the previous team that worked on the wind turbine were able to create and test their wind turbine using DC motor and a dual radiator fan; they were able to use the energy generated from the wind turbine to power up 8 LED lights. for this project we will attempt to create a horizontal wind turbine that would demonstrate the concept of wind energy,and would be able to generate a measurable amount of energy that can be used to power up another device.

### Story

Tell a detailed story of the project. Describe how split up, what the obstacles were, what testing was done, what informal decisions were made, what assumptions were made, what the results were.

### Decision List

List all formal decisions made with links to their documentation such as a decision tree or decision matrix.

### Material List

    1. List materials used, quantity, size, cost.
    2. Describe what needs to be purchased in the future to continue working on this project.

### Software List

You installed different software packages or used already installed software. Describ the programs here.

### Time

Put one number here. Hours. Total hours that everyone worked on the project. Do not estimate. Do not talk about it. ADD.

### Tutorials

All projects create new tutorials of technical details future participants are going to want to know. They are going to be separate pages that are linked to here.

### Next Steps

List specific details, advice, describe the current problems that the next team faces associated with the project here.
# Engineering Projects/Water Treatment
## Idea

Build a functioning model of an egg digester. Egg digesters are a water treatment facility that captures all the gasses produced. Storm water and septic water are typically combined. When it rains the septic system is overloaded. If oil could be trapped from household septic systems, water treatment would be much more efficient. If urine was kept separate, the septic systems could be much more efficient. The process of treating septic water can yield posionous gasses, and gasses that can be used to generate electricity. Some water treatment facilities are net producers of energy.

## College/Universities

    Howard Community College
# Engineering geology

Welcome. Engineering geology related content may be developed on this topic page. Topic pages are meant to be used to organize the development content on Wikiversity.
Please, feel free to improve upon what you see.

## Learning projects and resources

Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple departments. Please cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
Wikiversity has adopted the "learning by doing" model for education. Lessons should center on learning activities for participants.
Select a descriptive name for each learning project.
    See: Wikiversity learning model.
    See: Learning projects
    See: Hunter-gatherers project
    See: Learning to learn a wiki way
    See: Wikiversity:Naming conventions
* Engineering geology
* Search

## Readings

* w: Engineering geology
# History of Vietnam (1945-2013 History)
## Vietnam War
### Summary

The Vietnam War occurred in present-day Vietnam in Southeast Asia. It showed a successful attempt on the part of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam, DRV) and the National Front for the Liberation of Vietnam (Viet Cong) to unite and impose a communist system over the entire nation.
Opposing the DRV was the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam, RVN), backed by the United States. The war in Vietnam occurred during the Cold War, and is generally viewed as a bitter relationship between the United States and Soviet Union, with each nation and its allies supporting one side.
# History of Western copyright law/Publishing in the 17th century
### Assignments

* Answer these questions (maybe on the talk page?)
* What would Shakespeare have done to get a play published? What about having a play performed?
* Where did he (and his contemporaries) get his income from?

#### Activities

Discuss, with others, the pros and cons of Patronage as a method for encouraging creatvity. How about as the method for encouraging creatvity?
Place your comments on the talk page. Talking points can be posted here.

#### Readings

Each activity has a suggested associated background reading selection.
* Reading 1.1- Wikipedia article: w:Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers
* Reading 1.2-