OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Buddhism/Philosophy of Mahayana Buddhist Schools
## Philosophy of Mahāyāna Buddhist Schools

A critical study of the origin, expansion and philosophy of Mahayana Buddhist schools are emphasised. Reference to the original sources is done with special attention drawn to the following:
* Canonical evidence of the causes that led to the emergence of Mahayana;
* The interpretation of the word Mahayana and the nature of its philosophy
* Origin and development of Madhyamaka philosophy; concept of Sunyata and its interpretations;
* Madhyamaka viewpoint of voidness; interdependent origination; Middle path;
* Samsara and Nirvana;
* Dialectical method and its adaptation;
* Nature and realization of unconditioned realities;
* Rangtong vs. Shentong.
Special attention are paid to the concepts of Trikaya, Bodhicitta, Bodhisattva pranidhana, ideal of Bodhisattva, perfections (paramita) and ten states (dasabhumi); the causes that led to the emergence of Yogacara vignanavada; analysis of Citta matrata and Vignanamatrata; various divisions, nature and function of vignanta and how vignana differs from cittamatrata.
A general knowledge of the basic tenets and nature of Tantrayana which is an offshort of Mahayana is also explored in this module.

## Recommended Reading:

* Prajna Paramita Hrdaya Sastra (with text and notes) - Ed. E. Conze, Buddhist wisdom book, 1958
* The Central Philosophy of Buddhism - T. R. V. Murti, London, 1955
* Buddhist Thought in India - E. Conze, London
* The Yogacara Idealism – A. K. Chaterjee, varanasi, 1975
* The Bodhisatva Doctrine in Buddhist Sanskrit Literature - Har Dayal, Motilal Banarsidas, Delhi
* Mahayana Buddhism - Nalinaksha Dutt, Mortilal Banarasidas, Delhi, 1978
* An introduction to Mahayana Buddhism – W.M. McGovern, Delhi
* Perfection of Wisdom - R. C. Jamieson, New York, 2000, 0670889342 0711215103
* Meditation on Emptiness - Jeffrey Hopkins, Wisdom PublicationS
# Buddhism/Schools
## Introduction

There are many schools of Buddhism while the surviving schools today can be roughly grouped under the categories of Theravāda, Mahāyāna and Vajrayāna schools.
It will be useful for us to look at the circumstances that lead to the divisions among the early Buddhist schools. The division came about due to doctrinal or practical differences in the views of the Buddhist Sangha following the death of the Buddha. The initial split was between Sthaviravāda and Mahāsaṃghika occurred about 100 years after Buddha's death, due to differing views concerning the rigidity of monastic rules.
It is important for us to follow the development of various school of thoughts and how they had developed to what we have today.

## List of schools

* Theravāda
* Mahāyāna
* Vajrayāna
* Sthaviravāda
* Mahāsaṃghika
* Pudgalavāda
* Pure Land
* Ekayāna
* Nikāya
# English-Pinyin/If someone is able to do something, he can do it

If someone is able to do something, he can do it.
Rurguoo moourern nerng zuoh mooushih, ta jiuh nerng zuohdaoh.
# English-Pinyin/I used to be a baby but now I am an adult

I used to be a baby but now I am an adult.
Wǒ céngjīng shì yīng'ér, xiànzài shì cherngrern.
# English-Pinyin/I will talk about dogs

I will talk about dogs.
Wǒ huì tánlùn gǒu.
# English-Pinyin/I can see him across the street

I can see him across the street.
Wǒ kěyǐ zài jiē duìmiàn kàndào tā.
# English-Pinyin/I started skiing

About two years ago, I started skiing.
Dahyue liaang niarn qiarn, woo kaishii huarxuee.
# English-Pinyin/International common language

The international common language is the common language of the world, that is English.
Guorjih gohngtorngyuu jiuhshih shihjieh de gohngtorngyuu, yee jiuhshih Yingyuu.
# English-Pinyin/In some schools, an A is a very high grade

In some schools, an "A" is a very high grade.
Yoouxie xuexiaoh, "A" shih heen gao de deengjir.
# English-Pinyin/Land

Land is the surface of the Earth that is not covered by water.
Luhdih shih meiryoou beih shuii fuhgaih de Dihqiur biaaomiahn.
# English-Pinyin/I opened a bank account when I moved into town

I opened a bank account when I moved into town.
Wǒ bān jìn chéngzhèn shí, wǒ kāile yīgè yínháng zhànghù.
# English-Pinyin/I walked across the bridge

I walked across the bridge.
Wǒ zǒuguò qiáo.
# Engineering Projects/Robot Mast
## Idea

Using tape measures it may be possible to build a robot arm or mast that unfolds like this, and has a camera at the top.
# Engineering Projects/RepRap/Howard Community College/Fall2012/p2-550-wm
### Problem Statement

What is the final, negotiated problem statement?

### Team Members

Put each team members name here with links to their user pages here. Real names do not have to be used.

### Summary

Put an overall, short one paragraph summary here.

### Poster

Put a graphic in wikimedia, include the graphic here or link to it here. The graphic should be suitable for creating a traditional project poster.

### Story

Tell a detailed story of the project. Describe how split up, what the obstacles were, what testing was done, what informal decisions were made, what assumptions were made, what the results were.

### Decision List

List all formal decisions made with links to their documentation such as a decision tree or decision matrix.

### Material List

    1. List materials used, quantity, size, cost.
    2. Describe what needs to be purchased in the future to continue working on this project.

### Software List

You installed different software packages or used already installed software. Describ the programs here.

### Time

Put one number here. Hours. Total hours that everyone worked on the project. Do not estimate. Do not talk about it. ADD.

### Tutorials

All projects create new tutorials of technical details future participants are going to want to know. They are going to be separate pages that are linked to here.

### Next Steps

List specific details, advice, describe the current problems that the next team faces associated with the project here.
# Engineering Projects/Robot Swarm
## Idea

Robot swarms have been visualized by a variety of people. Games have appeared. A mission to mars is involved. A swarm has been built that can pull a person laying on the floor. The military wants a swarm of flying robots, but we still don't know how a male mosquitoe swarm works. Can start with simple Trippy kit.
# Engineering Projects/Robot arm/Howard Community College

Howard Community College is starting this project in the fall of 2011.
       Fall2011
# Engineering Projects/Robot Hallway Navigation
## Project Robot Hallway Navigation

Project Goal: Design and implement control software that enables an existing mobile robot to autonomously navigate the hallways of Howard Community College's CL building. Students can choose from two existing robots for implementation: a LEGO Mindstorms robot or an Arduino-based robot.
* LEGO Mindstorms Robot
* Arduino-based 2WD Robot

## Conceive

Conception has been informally described above. Students started with the design phase (see below).

## Design

In fall 2013, students designed a control algorithm, using Simulink, for a LEGO Mindsdtorms robot. The design is documented in this report. Testing of the design is described below under Implement. In spring 2014, students are designing an alternative control algorithm. Design report will be posted when it is complete.

## Implement

In fall 2013, students implemented a control algorithm, which allowed a LEGO robot to successfully navigate a hallway circuit in approximately 7 minutes. The implementation details are documented in this report.
# Engineering Projects/Robot arm
## Idea

Robotic arms don't have to look like a human arm or double pendulum. They can look like the trunk of an elephant or octopus.

## College/Universities

    Howard Community College
# Engineering Projects/Robot arm/Howard Community College/Fall2011

This is the fall 2011 Howard Community College team page for Project Robot Arm.
       502_TFCW
       502_TFCWNS
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/About Argentina/Tourist Attractions/Santa Cruz (province)

Santa Cruz is a province of Argentina located in the region of Patagonia, in the south of the country. Its main cities are Rio Gallegos, Caleta Olivia and El Calefate, where there is the Perito Moreno Glacier. El Chatlen is the national capital of trekking. It is located in the National Park “Los Glaciares”, in the south of the Andres mountain range and at the foot of the Fitz Roy Mount or Chatlén, in the banks of the Rio de las Vueltas. It is a small tourist village where you can go trekking, mountaineering, rafting and horseback riding. There are many trails for walking though the forest, climbing and more demanding expeditions.

## Cities
### El Calafate

El Calafate is a small touristic town in the southwest of the province of Santa Cruz, 3000 kilometers from Buenos Aires. It is situated on the south bank of Lake “Argentino”, 315 kilometers from Río Gallegos and 80 kilometers from the entrance to Glacier National Park. The name “El Calafate” derives from “Berberis microphylla”, characteristic yellow flowers of southern Patagonia, which give dark blue berries. It was officially founded in 1927 by the Argentine Government.
23 kilometers from the city center, there is an international airport. There are several hotels, of different categories, where tourists can stay.
In the area of National Park there are tours to the glaciers of Glacier National Park, including the “ Perito Moreno” the main attraction of it , the minitrekking on the same glacier, navigation through the channels of Lake Argentino , visiting Onelli Bay and the Upsala, Spegazzini, Onelli and Seco glaciers, among others. The tour “Torre del Paine” allows you to enjoy beautiful landscapes and see the imposing Paine Horns.

## National Glaciers Park

The National Glaciers Park is one of the most amazing places in Argentina. It is located in the Province of Santa Cruz, near El Calafate. It has an area of 724,000 ha and it has over 350 glaciers. ln 1981, it was declared Natural World Heritage Site by the Unesco. In this Parkt here are very important lakes, two of them are Viedma and the Argentinean Lakes. In the first one we can see Viedma Glaciers (the biggest one in Argentina) , and in the second one we can see, among others, Perito Moreno , Upsala and Spegazzini Glaciers. The touristic offer is reall ywide, you can sail through the lakes by boat or go trekking on ice.
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/About Argentina/Tourist Attractions/Tierra del Fuego (province)

Tierra del Fuego is a province in the south of the Republic of Argentina, where the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean meet. It is the ideal place to enjoy nature, sports and excellent cultural offers. You can go horse-riding, trekking, mountain biking, and discover the beautiful countryside. You can see foxes and beavers in the National Park. Snow lovers can go up the Martial Glacier. In addition, people can go fishing or swimming in the Beagle Channel. In the capital, Usuahia, you can go to the museum and learn about the history of the ethnic group. Nature, culture and adventure wait for you.

## Cities
### Ushuaia

Ushuaia is one of the most beautiful cities in Argentina and also in the world. It is located on the island of Tierra del Fuego, about 3,079 km. south of Buenos Aires. It’s a city that has charm in all seasons: in winter the weather is very cold, but it is the special season to practise skiing and other mountain sports, also you can go sledding by Siberian dogs and biking snowmobiles. The most important place to practise skiing is the Cerro Castor where you can enjoy the skiing and also a typical meal or a tasty cup of chocolate to soothe the cold. In the city you can visit the museum of the “presidio” where they took the most dangerous criminals and also political prisoners, and you can see the museum of the Yamanas Indians, who were the first inhabitants of the island along with the Onas Indians. During the summer the temperature can reach 20ºC (twenty degrees) allowing us to enjoy the greenery. As for the rides to do we can highlight a train tour called “Train where the world ends” ; a visit to the National Park “Tierra del Fuego”, where we can see the green lagoon and the black lagoon, which owe their color to the local flora; take a walk through the park where we can see foxes and beavers, and also make a picnic on lake Roca and watch a lot of rabbits. Another nice ride is a boat trip on the Beagle channel, visiting the Birds Island, the Wolves Island and the Lighthouse called “The lighthouse where the world ends”. Among the dishes we can highlight the lamb, crab and other seafood. Most of the year cruises full of visitors arrive from all countries and tourists are amazed by the beauty of this city that is the southernmost city in the world.
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/About Argentina/Tourist Attractions/Río Negro (province)

You can visit Rio Negro, in Argentina, in every time of the year, because it is lovely in different seasons. You may go to the west where there are Los Andes mountains and beautiful big lakes, or you can enjoy the east with the amazing South Atlantic Ocean. You can go to the west by car, you have to take the 40 route and for the east the 3 one. The weather is cold in winter, in the mountains snows. In the summer is warm, not to hot and so windy.The nice cities you shouldn´t miss are: Bariloche, San Martin de los Andes, Villa La Angostura, Las Grutas, etc. There you can taste the typical food such as: trout, goat, chocolates, jams, etc. If you like adventure holidays such as: trekking, rafting, fly fishing, or skiing in winter, this is the right place!! Also you can enjoy different festivals, the most important ones are: “Fiesta Nacional de la Nieve”, in the beginning of winter (The National Snow Festival”,)“Fiesta Nacional del Chocolate”, in Easter(The National Chocolate Festival)and “Fiesta Nacional de la Manzana”,it is in summer, in February (The National Apple Fetival. Finally, there are different kinds of places to stay: campings, hostels, hotels, bed and breakfast and also you can sleep in family houses.

## Cities
### San Carlos de Bariloche

San Carlos de Bariloche is a very nice city in the province of Río Negro, Argentina. It’s located in the foothills of the Andes and the National Park Nahuel Huapi. This city is a great place for skiing, trekking, mountaineering and. Their nature reserves include lakes, forest and mountains. In these areas you can enjoy the beautiful landscapes and you can see the exotic fauna. Their ski centers are very attractive for tourists from around the world. Cerro Catedral is the most famous ski track. The weather in the winter is cold, very cold. There's wind and snow. In the mountains and the city! In the summer it is mild The typical food is trout with lemon. This city is visited by young students, because there are a lot of activities for celebrating their graduation from high school.

## Beaches
### El Cóndor

El Cóndor is a beautiful beach 50 km from Viedma, the capital city of Río Negro. Its coast is long and wide. The wind is always present and the sea is rough. Thus, tourists can do lots of sports in the sea, for example: surfing, windsurfing and kitesurfing. When the wind is strong, tourists love practicing paragliding on the cliffs. The big cliffs are a particular characteristic of its coasts. They are approximately 60 meters high. The biggest colony of burrowing parrots of the world lives there. Their song is strong and you can hear it every day at dawn. As a conclusion, el Cóndor is a really interesting and quiet beach.
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/About Argentina/Tourist Attractions/San Juan
## General Information

San Juan is located in the west of Argentina and is one of the most populated cities in our country. There are many mountains, valleys and rivers. Oasis are formed in the valleys and that is where the population has settled. The climate in this city is dry and mild. San Juan is the second most important wine producer in our country and it also makes olive oil. Mining is a very important activity in the province too. Its most popular attractions are Mercedario Hill and Ischigualasto Park, an important paleontological site with really strange geoforms, which date back to the Triassic period. Tourists can also practise adventure sports such as climbing, rafting and cycling.
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/About Argentina/Tourist Attractions/Ski Resorts in Argentina
### Cerro Catedral

This is the oldest ski centre in South America. Its creation dates back to 1936 when the National Park administration studied the possibility of building a ski resort in Bariloche. Roads, a cable car system, a tearoom and a restaurant were built later. In 1965 the first chairlift, which was was Lynch chairlift, was enabled. Today, after several modernization plans, it has a big number of lifts. Fantastic snow, mountains, forests and lakes make this place a great ski resort.

### Chapelco Ski Resort

Because of its modern infrastructure and quality of services, Chapelco Ski Resort invites you to experience an unforgettable vacation. You can enjoy the winter sports experience and unique tours. Hostels are ideal for a refreshing break after an intense day of skiing. Its forests accompany the layout of the tracks protecting you from the wind. That is why Chapelco is perfect to learn skiing.

### Las Leñas

With great effort and work the construction of the ski area in Las Leñas began on January 20, 1983. It was inaugurated on June 16 of that same year and it began to operate with 400 beds in three hotels. Today, the valley has more than 3,000 tourist beds and the prestige of being the best ski resort in Latin America. When you are skiing along the tracks, many of them for advanced levels, you can appreciate the majestic landscape of the Andes.

### Cerro Castor

It is the most southern and youngest ski resort of the world. Cerro Castor receives visitors, not only from Argentina but also from around the world. Everybody comes here to enjoy the excellent snow. Cerro Castor is located in Ushuaia, near the end of the world, where the sea and the mountains meet the eyes of the tourists. It has a total of 26 trails with different levels of requirements and a fantastic snow quality. Its particular features make the season extend more than in other winter resorts, achieving one of the longest seasons in South America.
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/Academic Writing
## Academic Writing
### For students of English as a second language

We offer here the learning resources written in a workshop on academic writing called “Taller de escritura de textos académicos en inglés”, which is given twice a year at the Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Argentina, and is organized by the Academic Secretary’s Office and the School of Languages of the University. It is aimed at those teachers and researchers at our university who study English as a second language, and who need to write and publish in English. Their mother tongue is Spanish.
This Workshop is a distance course which is divided into two modules, each of them 4 months long. The first module is aimed at students with at least an intermediate level of knowledge of the language (CEFR level B2). Its final assignment is the writing of a short article about a topic of their field of expertise, written for university students.
Module 2 can be taken by advanced learners (CEFR level C1 and C2), and its final assignment is the writing of a full paper on some academic topic of their choice.
Publishing the final version of these writings in Wikiversity is not a requirement to pass the course but students are encouraged to do so. The main reason for this is that we believe that there is no better way of learning a language than using it for a purpose, and writing for a real audience gives these texts a true purpose. Besides, the act of writing will be more valuable and meaningful if it can actually be shared and used in a real context and can benefit others.
The following is a list of links to the learning materials which some of these scholars have produced or contributed to.
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/Academic Writing/Agronomy

* Biological control
* Chemical Control of Weeds and its Implications
* Dicamba
* Psorosis
* Wheat Production System in Argentina with Special Emphasis in the Pampean Region
* Pest Management in Cereal Aphids
* Spiders
* Wheat Yield as Affected by Diseases
# Cherishing awe/Awesome Features of Traditional Religions

Traditional religious settings often incorporate features designed to evoke awe, fostering a sense of reverence and transcendence. Here are some typical features:
* Architecture and Design:
** Grandeur: Elaborate and grand architectural structures, such as cathedrals, mosques, or temples, designed to inspire awe through their size and intricate detailing.
** Stained Glass Windows: Colorful and intricate stained glass windows depicting religious stories or figures.
* Art and Iconography:
** Religious Art: Paintings, sculptures, or mosaics portraying religious themes, often created with meticulous detail and symbolic significance.
** Statues and Icons: Representations of deities, saints, or revered figures that serve as focal points for devotion.
* Sacred Symbols:
** Altars: Elevated platforms or tables used for religious rituals, often adorned with sacred symbols, candles, and ritual objects.
** Religious Symbols: Icons, symbols, or imagery associated with the specific religious tradition, serving as reminders of sacred teachings.
* Rituals and Ceremonies:
** Ceremonial Garments: Elaborate and symbolic clothing worn by religious leaders or participants during rituals.
** Incense and Candles: Fragrant smoke and the soft glow of candles used to create a sensory-rich environment during ceremonies.
* Music and Chants:
** Choral Music: Awe-inspiring choral performances or hymns that elevate the emotional and spiritual atmosphere.
** Chants and Mantras: Repetitive vocalizations or recitations with a rhythmic quality, creating a meditative and awe-inspiring ambiance.
* Sacred Scriptures:
** Holy Texts: The presence of revered scriptures or sacred texts, often treated with utmost respect and read aloud during religious services.
* Natural Elements:
** Natural Settings: Some religious practices incorporate natural settings like mountains, rivers, or groves, emphasizing a connection to the divine through the beauty and power of nature.
* Ceremonial Processions:
** Religious Parades: Processions or parades involving religious leaders, sacred objects, or symbols, creating a visual spectacle that inspires awe.
* Inclusivity and Community:
** Community Worship: The collective experience of worship and prayer, fostering a sense of unity and shared awe among the congregation.
These features collectively contribute to the creation of a sacred atmosphere that encourages awe, reverence, and a connection to the divine in traditional religious settings.