OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Korean Language/Pronunciation

The basic pronunciation of Korean Characters.
Like many other languages, the Korean Language also has complicated rules of pronunciation. In this page, let's look at the basic pronunciation of each Korean character.
In the Korean Language, there are 14 consonants and 10 vowels. (About the way of systemizing each consonants and vowels, see the page Korean writing system.
Consonants: [character (the name of character)] like [A (ei)]
ㄱ(기역), ㄲ(쌍기역), ㄴ(니은), ㄷ(디귿), ㄸ(쌍디귿), ㄹ(리을), ㅁ(미음), ㅂ(비읍), ㅃ(쌍비읍), ㅅ(시옷), ㅆ(쌍시옷), ㅇ(이응), ㅈ(지읒), ㅉ(쌍지읒), ㅊ(치읓), ㅋ(키읔), ㅌ(티읕), ㅍ(피읖), ㅎ(히읗)
Vowels: • ㅏ(아), ㅐ(애), ㅑ(야), ㅒ(얘), ㅓ(어), ㅔ(에), ㅕ(여), ㅖ(예), ㅗ(오), ㅘ(와), ㅙ(왜), ㅚ(외), ㅛ(요), ㅜ(우), ㅝ(워), ㅞ(웨), ㅟ(위), ㅠ(유), ㅡ(으), ㅢ(의), ㅣ(이)
Consonants : 14 characters exist and some of them have their own fortis pronunciation. ㄱ(기역) : [g] of Gate. ㄲ(쌍기역): the fortis of 'ㄱ' ㄴ(니은) : [n] of Notebook. ㄷ(디귿): [d] of Date. ㄸ(쌍디귿) :the fortis of 'ㄷ' ㄹ(리을) : [l] of Lake. or sometimes [r],
ㅁ(미음) : [m] of Mom. ㅂ(비읍) : [b] of Baseball. ㅃ(쌍비읍) : the fortis of 'ㅂ' ㅅ(시옷) : [s] of Smile. ㅆ(쌍시옷) : the fortis of 'ㅅ' ㅇ(이응) : [ng] of Song. ㅈ(지읒) : [j] of James. ㅉ(쌍지읒): the fortis of 'ㅈ' ㅊ(치읓) : [ch] or [ts] of Child. ㅋ(키읔) : [k] of Key. ㅌ(티읕) : [t] of Tea ㅍ(피읖) : [p] of Pig ㅎ(히읗) : [h] of Happy.
Vowels : 10 vowels and 11 diphthongs. ㅏ(아) : [a] ㅐ(애) : [ae] ㅑ(야) : [ya] ㅒ(얘) : [yae] ㅓ(어) : [eo] ㅔ(에) : [e] ㅕ(여) : [yeo] ㅖ(예) : [ye] ㅗ(오) : [o] ㅘ(와) : [wa] ㅙ(왜) : [oe] ㅚ(외) : [oe] ㅛ(요) : [yo] ㅜ(우) : [y] ㅝ(워) : [weo] ㅞ(웨) : [wae] ㅟ(위) : [yi] ㅠ(유) : [yu] ㅡ(으) : [u] ㅢ(의) : [ui] ㅣ(이) : [i]
# Korean Language/Writing System

Unlike what most people might believe, Korean is not as hard as it seems. Courteously, Korean has a simple alphabet, 14 basic consonants and 10 basic vowels, which can be learned swiftly.
As seen in Korean pronunciation, the language has a sound for each letter.
* ㅁ - 'm'
* ㅏ - 'a' as in ah (the sound your doctor asks you to make)
* ㅗ - 'o' as in oats
However, there is more to Korean than that. It's really quite interesting, and makes this language unique. Let's say you wanted to now write 'mam' (would sound like mom) in Korean. It's not "ㅁㅏㅁ," It would be "맘." Korean, in a way, stacks letters to create a character.

## Stacking Positions

There are three basic methods as follow. Two letters must be included to form a character; letters by themselves have no real meaning.

#### Vertical (Way 1)

If the vowel in the character is ㅓ, ㅏ, ㅣ, ㅕ, ㅑ, ㅐ, or ㅔ. As you can see all these vowels are vertical.

#### Horizontal (Way 2)

If the vowel in the character is ㅗ, ㅜ, ㅠ, ㅛ, or ㅡ. All these vowels are horizontal.

#### W (Way 3)

This method is only used when there is a "w" sound added to the character. For example, the character '원' is stacked in this manner: position 1 'ᄋ', position 2 'ᅮ', position 3 'ㅓ', and position 4 'ㄴ' (see diagram).
# Kumis

Kumis is alcoholic dairy product which made from mare milk. It is a traditional mongolian product that called "airag" among Mongols. This drink is popular with its white colour and sour taste.

## History

Over five thousand years ago The Botai people of modern-day Kazakhstan tamed wild horses on the steppes of Central Asia. There, they fermented a beverage, kumis, from the milk of domesticated mares. Kumis has been very popular during nomads for thousands of years because of mare milk's natural high sugar.

## How to make kumis

Mongolian nomads simply churned raw horse milk in vats, much like butter, until the milk acidified and yeasts produced alcoholic carbonation. People then transported the liquid in leather bags(khokhuur), often hanging them where they could easily punch the sack to keep the kumis agitated. The more punch, the tastier.
Mongolians says in order to make good kumis, these 4 rules should be considered.
1.The weather is very important. It should be neither too hot or too cold. In the hot summer, foals go haywire, and even breeding mares is a big problem.
2. It depends on the vegetation and pastures that grow in the area. Plants eaten by horses and cattle are differ from region to region, kumis tastes different.
3.Since it has been brewed for hundreds of years , it shows that it has learned more methods and technologies then other places.
4. It depends on the assets and how it is fermented.

## Features

Kumis contains almost all the vitamins needed for the health of the human body. Ferment is very rich in vitamins A, C and B. There is a norm that an adult needs 1 mg of vitamin A, 0.002 mg of vitamin D, 50-75 mg of vitamin C, 2-3 mg of vitamin B, 20 mg of vitamin PP per day. 1 liter of fermented milk contains 0.3-0.4 mg of vitamin A, 95-100 mg of vitamin C, and 100-200 mg of ascorbic acid. Kumis is a product rich in vitamin D. Vitamin E, a breeding vitamin, is 0.65-1.05 mg per 1 liter. Kumis contains B vitamins.
Kumis is superior to cow's milk in minerals such as calcium, phosphorus, cobalt and copper. Kumis inhibits the growth and reproduction of putrefactive bacteria, Escherichia coli, staphylococci, and infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, and typhoid, stops the decay process in the intestine, and maintains the pH of the intestine in an acidic environment

## Culture in mongolia

Airag(kumis) is traditional food culture of Mongolians, Soju is celebrated in Korea, sake is celebrated in Japan, beer is celebrated in Germany, Poland and Czech republic. This is cultural heritage of the country, so it s sign of preserving the traditions. For Mongolians like this, it is considered a tradition to honor the food and drink handed down from their fathers and ancients. Airag is just liquid drink during summer, but in the fall it reaches level of wine or beer. In other words, it is beverage of people's celebration.
# Kurtosis

This statistics resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
Kurtosis (from the Greek word κυρτός, kyrtos or kurtos, meaning bulging) is a measure of the "tailedness" of the distribution of sample data. Positive kurtosis (leptokurtic) indicates a distribution more outlier-prone than predicted by a normal distribution, and negative kurtosis (platykurtic) indicates a distribution less outlier-prone than a normal distribution. 0 would indicate that the outlier-producing potential is similar to that of a normal distribution.
# L-infinity algebras and deformation theory

A differential graded Lie algebra is a graded $k$-vector space ${\mathfrak {g}}$ endowed with a differential $d:{\mathfrak {g}}\to {\mathfrak {g}}$ of degree $+1$ and a bracket $[\,]:{\mathfrak {g}}\otimes {\mathfrak {g}}\longrightarrow {\mathfrak {g}}$ (of degree $0$), such that
    $[\,]$ is skew symmetric,
    $[\,]$ satisfies the Jacobi identity,
    $d$ acts as a derivation with respect to $[\,]$.
We denote the cohomology of ${\mathfrak {g}}$ with respect to $d$ by $h^{*}({\mathfrak {g}})$. It is a graded vector space over $k$, and it inherits a Lie bracket. (In fact, it is an $L_{\infty }$-algebra.)
# Korean Language/Grammar

'Is' noun-(이에/예)요
The noun-(이에/예)요 form is used like the English word 'is'. It means something is the noun. When the noun ends in a vowel 예요 is added. When it ends with a consonant 이예요 is added. For example:
의자예요. (It) is a chair. 책이에요. (It) is a book.
As Korean uses a subject-object-verb word order, and the subject may often be omitted when it is implied by the context, these examples are actually complete sentences.
# Neurosociety Media Centre/Patients Associations/Poland

* Alzheimer's Polish Alzheimer's Association
* Epilepsy
* Parkinsons Regional Parkinson's Disease Patients Association in Warsaw, Cracow Parkinson's Disease Association
* General Patients Institute for Patients' Rights & Health Education
* Mental Health Stowarzynszenie na Rzecz Zdrowia Psychicznego Dziecka i Rodziny (Polish Association for Child and Family Mental Health), Koalicja na Rzecz Zdrowia Psychicznego (Coalition for Mental Health), Instytut Psychiatrii i Neurologii
# Neurosociety Media Centre/Patients Associations/Romania

* Alzheimer's Romanian Alzheimer Society
* Epilepsy Epi Romania
* Parkinsons
* General Patients Sanhoep Romania
* Mental Health Romanian League for Mental Health, ESTUAR
# Neurosociety Media Centre/Patients Associations/United Kingdom

* Alzheimer's Alzheimer Scotland - Action on Dementia, Alzheimer's Society
* Epilepsy Epilepsy Action
* Parkinsons Parkinson's Disease Scottish Resource, Parkinsons Disease Society of the United Kingdom
* General Patients Patients Forum, Long Term Conditions Alliance, Neurological Alliance
* Mental health Mind, InterMinds, PENUMBRA, The Northern Ireland Association for Mental Health, Glasgow Association for Mental Health
# Neurosociety Media Centre/Patients Associations/Portugal

* Alzheimer's Associação Portuguesa de Familiares e Amigos de Doentes de Alzheimer
* Epilepsy Epi-Apfape (EPI)
* Parkinsons
* General Patients
# Neurosociety Media Centre/Patients Associations/Slovakia

* Alzheimer's Slovak Alzheimer's Society nilunova@savba.sk
* Epilepsy
* Parkinsons
* General Patients Association for Patients´ Rights
* Mental Health Slovak League for Mental Health, INTEGRA
# Neurosociety Media Centre/Patients Associations/Slovenia

* Alzheimer's
* Epilepsy Slovenian League against Epilepsy
* Parkinsons Parkinson's Disease Association of Slovenia
* General Patients
* Mental Health SENT, Slovenian Association for Mental Health OZARA Slovenija Nacianonaino Zdrruzenje Za Kakovost Zivljenja
# Neurosociety Media Centre/Patients Associations/Spain

* Alzheimer's Confederación Española de Familiares de Enfermos de Alzheimer
* Epilepsy
* Parkinsons Parkinson Espana
* General Patients Foro Español de Pacientes
* Mental Health Confederacion Espanola de Agrupaciones de Familiares Y Enfermos Mentales - FEAFES, Associacion Espanola de Neuropsiquiatria (AEN), Fundacion Mundo Bipolar, Fundacion intras
# Neurosociety Media Centre/Patients Associations/Sweden

* Alzheimer's Alzheimerföreningen i Sverige
* Epilepsy The Swedish Epilepsy Association
* Parkinsons Svenska Parkinsonförbundet
* General Patients Swedish Disability Federation
* Mental Health Swedish National Association for Mental Health
# Neurosociety Media Centre/Research/Funding

Potential funding sources:
# Northern Arizona University/Environmental Ethics/A Land Ethic

Please read The Land Ethic by Aldo Leopold, from A Sand County Almanac, 1948)
You can find it e.g. on the following webpage
# Northern Arizona University/Environmental Ethics/Adaptation Groups
### Small Communities

Group Sub-Topics
* Agriculture
* Energy
* Demographics
* Climate and Business
* Forest Ecosystems
* Harmful Effects and Policy
* Food Security
# Northern Arizona University/Environmental Ethics/Adaptation to Climate Change

We are focusing on adaptation to climate change on the Colorado Plateau. The first step in doing the research projects is to put together a bibliography of the articles and chapters that are most relevant to questions about adaptation to climate change, and then to sort those on the list we think are most important.
* Adaptation Groups
* Adaptation to Climate ChangeClass Bibliography
Northern Arizona University: Environmental Ethics/Adaptation to Climate Change Individual Projects|Adaptation to Climate Change Individual Projects
# Northern Arizona University/2008 Summer Workshop
## The Normative Sciences and the Experimental Method

Welcome to the main page for the NAU Summer Workshop on Normative Science and Experimental Method! Towards the end of the Workshop, the conclusions reached and the highlights of the discussion process will be posted here.
* Participants
* Flyer
# Northern Arizona University/2008 Summer Workshop/Participants
## Summer Workshop Ethics and the Experimental Method

Participants
Yes
* Dick Smyth
* Doug Anderson
* Bill Knorpp
* Tom Adajiian
* Elaine Brown
* Mark Wheeler
** Sam Bruton
* Katherine
* Terry Moore
* Nick Sexton (student assistant coordinator)
Maybe
* Tanya Randle (send flyer)
Contact
* David Weber
* Tiffany Lee
* David Watts
* Trevor Kvaran
* Nick Sexton
* Chris Turner
* Jerry McCarthy
* Mark Risjord
* Daniel Campos
Back to Home Page for Summer Workshop at Northern Arizona University 2008: Normative Sciences and Experimental Method
# Northern Arizona University/Environmental Ethics

Welcome to our Wikiversity project. Our aim is to use this public space to help build a community of inquirers engaged in the search for better answers to fundamental questions in environmental ethics.
Professor: Jeffrey Downard PHI 331: Environmental Ethics Department of Philosophy Northern Arizona University

## Read and Discuss the Texts

* Online Texts
* Bibliography and Links to Other Resources

## Write, Edit and Publish Papers

* Journals
* Papers and Comments

## Working on Collaborative Projects

* Collaborative Projects

## Syllabus, reading list, and assignments

* Handouts

## Class Discussion and Notes on the Board

* Audio and photos

## Help using the wiki page

For those who are new to the Wikipedia page, some explanations of the site and tutorials are available to help you figure out how the system works.
* Quick Guide to Editing a Wiki
* Extended Cheat Sheet for Editing a Wiki
* Sandbox
# Nuclear medicine

Department:Nuclear medicine

## Welcome

* Welcome to Wikiversity, Nuclear medicine!
* You can contact us with questions at the colloquium or get in touch with me personally if you would like some help.
* Remember to sign your comments when participating in discussions. Using the signature icon makes it simple.
* We invite you to be bold and assume good faith. Please abide by our civility, privacy, and terms of use policies.
* To find your way around, check out:
* Introduction to Wikiversity
* Take a guided tour and learn
* Browse or visit an educational level portal: pre-school | primary | secondary | tertiary | non-formal
* Explore links in left-hand navigation menu
* Read an introduction for teachers
* Learn how to write an educational resource
* Find out about research activities
* Give feedback about your observations
* Discuss issues or ask questions at the colloquium
* To get started, experiment in the sandbox or on your userpage.
* See you around Wikiversity! --~~~~

## Department Goals

The Department of Nuclear medicine invites students to use its resources to develop understanding and push forward the boundaries of using computative technologies to research genetics.

## Department news

June 14th 2012 - is the Department of Genomics and Bioinformatics opening day!

## Department Resources

This department will cooperate with other departments in sharing learning resources, such as computers, servers, workstations, databases, etc.

## Active participants

The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this department, you can list your name here (this can help small departments grow and the participants communicate better; for large departments a list of active participants is not needed).
# Nuclear power

This page is undeveloped.
* See Wikipedia:Nuclear power for ideas.
* Wikiversity hosts Quizzes on Nuclear Power

## Studies
### Fission power greener?

See the subpage. (To be moved from the present Nuclear power greener page.)

### Thorium power

See the subpage.

### Fusion power

See the subpage. This covers known and accepted hot (thermonuclear) fusion, not controversial as to theory, but controversial as to practicality.

### Other nuclear power sources

See the subpage.
# Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Crystal field splitting in tetragonal complexes:
If two trans- ligands in an octahedral complex are moved either towards or away from the central metal ion, the resulting complex is called tetragonally distorted. If the two ligands are brought closer to the central metal ion, the octahedron tends to flatten. This is called flattening of the octahedron in which two trans M-L bonds are shortened while other four M-L bonds are lengthened.
In case of tetragonal geometry, the energy of dx^2-y^2 repulsion, although the energy of the dx^2-y^2 is raised more due to greater repulsion. On the other hand, the energy of dxz and dyz are lowered whereas the energy of dxy is slightly more (see figure).
# Managing a private wiki/LocalSettings.php

This is the file that holds all the configuration settings for your wiki. When making changes, make them here and never in DefaultSettings.php, which is for default settings. LocalSettings.php overrides the defaults, so that's where config settings for your wiki go.

## Settings

* Default user options (setting user preferences for new accounts)
* Access (who can read, edit, or create accounts)
* Adding extensions

## Example

Here's a sampling of some common settings (not a complete file):
# Managing a private wiki

MediaWiki software is freely licensed, so anyone with access to a server can start their own wikis. Some hosting companies specialize in it as well.

## What you need

* MySQL or PostgreSQL
* Apache or Internet Information Services
* PHP
* MediaWiki

## On the server

* LocalSettings.php
* AdminSettings.php
* Extensions
* Upgrading
# Managing a private wiki/LocalSettings.php/Default user options

See http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:$wgDefaultUserOptions for the manual.

## Changing watchlist settings

A good way to help people stay involved is to set the default so that any page a user creates or edits gets added to their watchlist.
Add the following to LocalSettings:

### DPL alternative

If DPL is installed (and results are not cached), whole categories an be watched (useful when using subpages).
# Managing a private wiki/Adding extensions
## Getting the .php file(s)

First, one must download the .php files. This can be done in several ways.

### SVN

    MediaWiki code is kept in a subversion repository (SVN repo). Download the files using an SVN client to the appropriate location ($IP/extensions/Extension usually)
* Add either a require_once; or include_once; near the bottom of your LocalSettings.php file, and check Special:Version on your wiki to see if the extension is installed properly. See the examples.

## Setting up the database

* Some extensions require database tables - one of the files in the extension folder will be an SQL query to create the table. phpMyAdmin is a useful tool for altering the database.

## Troubleshooting

* If the extension fails to install properly, check the relevant page on MediaWiki.org if there are specialized installation requirements. Some extensions may have dependencies requiring installation of additional software.
# Managing a private wiki/Extensions

Vanilla MediaWiki is quite limited in comparison to the wikis run by the Wikimedia Foundation. We use many extensions to get enhanced functionality; here are some you may wish to consider using:

## Extension:CategoryTree

    Dynamically navigate the category structure

## Extension:CrossNamespaceLinks

    Lists links across namespaces that should not exist on Wikiversity

## Extension:ExpandTemplates

    Expands templates, parser functions and variables to show expanded wikitext and preview rendered page

## Extension:Renameuser

    Adds a special page to rename a user (need renameuser right)

## DynamicPageList

    Outputs a bulleted list of the most recent items residing in a category, or an intersection of several categories
    This one is really useful!

## Extension:ImageMap

    Allows client-side clickable image maps using <imagemap> tag

## Extension:ParserFunctions

    Enhance parser with logical functions
    This one is really useful!

## SyntaxHighlight

    Provides syntax highlighting <source> using GeSHi Highlighter

## mw:Extension:OggHandler

    Handler for Ogg Theora and Vorbis files, with JavaScript player

## Extension:AntiSpoof

    Blocks the creation of accounts with mixed-script, confusing and similar usernames

## Extension:ConfirmEdit & FancyCaptcha

    Simple captcha implementation

## Extension:Gadgets

    Lets users select custom CSS and JavaScript gadgets in their preferences

## Extension:MWSearch

    MWSearch extension is a MediaWiki backend to fetch search results from MediaWiki Lucene-based search engine.

## Extension:SpamBlacklist

    Regex-based anti-spam tool
    Can be quite difficult to use effectively; requires knowledge of regex

## Extension:Title Blacklist

    Allows administrators to forbid creation of pages (including uploads) and user accounts
# Occupational Epidemiology/Research tools/Theoretical Program - open here/How to start and complete research projects - methodology

Create your research question, establish collaboration and elaboration of the project protocol are the essential first steps of the research projects.

## 17 Editors Checklist for acceptance of a manuscript
#### * CSS Protocol Point 2-4 ="Introduction" in Strobe (see article)
#### * CSS Protocol Point 2-4 ="Introduction" in Strobe (open the article)

* STUDY CHRONOGRAM
* Protocol and research questions
* Literature search and review
* Questionnaire/Google Form
* Pilot test
* Data collection
* Data analysis and manuscript
* Manuscript submission
* Other disseminations news/presents

## Structure Protocol CSS (*see below)

Reviewer Confidential Comments to Editor:
Question 1: The subject addressed in this article is worthy of investigation 1) Strongly disagree 2) Disagree 3) Neutral 4) Agree 5) Strongly agree YES Ans: ------------
Question 2: The information presented is new 1) Strongly disagree 2) Disagree 3) Neutral 4) Agree 5) Strongly agree YES Ans: ------------
Question 3: The conclusions are supported by the data 1) Strongly disagree 2) Disagree 3) Neutral 4) Agree 5) Strongly agree YES Ans: ------------
Question 4: The manuscript is appropriate for the journal 1) Strongly disagree 2) Disagree 3) Neutral 4) Agree 5) Strongly agree YES Ans: ------------
Question 5: Organization of the manuscript is appropriate 1) Strongly disagree 2) Disagree 3) Neutral 4) Agree 5) Strongly agree YES Ans: ------------
Question 6: Figures, tables and supplementary data are appropriate 1) Strongly disagree 2) Disagree 3) Neutral 4) Agree 5) Strongly agree YES
# Occupational Epidemiology/Research tools/Theoretical Program - open here/How to start and complete research projects - methodology/Datacollection

Methods of data collection
Data collection
Secondary data
Standardised questionnaires