OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Floating point/Introduction
### What Floating Point Is

Floating point is a way to represent numbers and do arithmetic in computing machines, ranging from simple calculators to computers.
Take the number π. In order for us to accurately represent the area of a circle with radius 3, we have to notate the area as 9π. We can easily compare 9π to other numbers, such as 27, 400, or $e$$^2$.
A computer can't. In order for the computer to compare 9π to these numbers, it first has to compute 9π, and store this number. In order for this number to be accurate, it has to have an infinite storage space. This would imply a huge cost (infinite), and little would be gained. Instead, the computer rounds 9π to some arbitrary place, and this uses this stored number in calculations.
If the stored number has enough accuracy, then we're fine. But sometimes there are problems. If all numbers are stored in three decimal digits, then $\pi$ is stored as 3.14. 9$\pi$ would be computed as 9 × 3.14 = 28.26 ~ 28.3. If we continue to have to use this number, and we repeat this process, eventually, our number will continue to become inaccurate.

### Who This Course is For

This course is for those interested in computer science and mathematics. Additionally, anyone using computers for numerical purposes can benefit in knowing what can go wrong in a computation.

### Why This is Important

Numerical errors vis-a-vis computing devices have cost the world billions of dollars and have cost lives. This may be very surprising, given at first glance, these problems seem very simple. However, because of their simplicity, these issues are often overlooked.
* In 1995, Intel created a public relations nightmare when their new line of processors did not compute certain divisions accurately. After eight months of bickering with the public, Intel had to ship fixes for their processors. This is the most widely cited example of a numerical problem, and it cost the company $480 million.
* In the First Gulf War, a numerical error cost the lives of 28 American soldiers stationed in Saudi Arabia. A machine designed to intercept missiles propagated an error over time and needed to be rebooted every 20 hours. After 100 hours, it failed to intercept a missile, and people were killed.
* The European Space Agency lost $500 million when a rocket exploded 40 seconds after it was launched in French Guiana. The error was due to an error in converting a floating number to an integer; the range of integers in the machine only amounted to 32767, much less than what was needed in the conversion.

### Homework

Find another example of a costly floating point error on the internet. What was the problem? How much did it cost?
# Flower Parts

Reproduction is the basic feature of all the organisms present on earth. It is the only mode by which organisms continue their generation and hence life continues on earth. Plants are essential as they provide oxygen, food, shelter and various other necessary items required for the sustenance of life. Hence plants also reproduce. The reproductive unit which helps the flowering plants(angiosperms) to achieve the purpose of reproduction is the flower.
The flower is a very attractive part of a plant. Flowers can be found in various shapes, size, and colour. Its appearance varies from plant to plant. In the present world, use of flowers can be appreciated almost everywhere as decorating agents, medicine, fragrance, food, as names for newborns and so many other fields. Though, its major use is to carry out reproduction in plants.
A flower when dissected, carefully observed and studied, was found to be composed of the following parts-
1- VEGETATIVE PARTS
2- REPRODUCTIVE PARTS
# English-Chinese/Causes of headaches may include

Causes of headaches may include dehydration, fatigue, sleep deprivation, stress, the effects of medications, the effects of recreational drugs, viral infections, loud noises, common colds, head injury, rapid ingestion of a very cold food or beverage, and dental or sinus issues.
头痛的原因可能包括缺水，疲劳，失眠，压力，药物的影响，毒品的影响，病毒感染，大声噪音，普通感冒，头部受伤，快速进食极冷的食物或饮料，牙齿或 鼻窦问题。
# English-Chinese/Causes of atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis can be caused by high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high cholesterol, poor diet and excessive drinking.
动脉粥样硬化可由高血压，吸烟，糖尿病，缺乏运动，肥胖，高胆固醇，不良饮食和过量饮酒引起。
# English-Chinese/Causes of conductive hearing loss

Causes of conductive hearing loss include an ear canal blocked by earwax, ossicles that are fixed together or absent, or holes in the eardrum.
传导性听力损失的原因包括由耳垢阻塞的耳道，小骨固定在一起或不存在，或鼓膜穿孔。
# English-Chinese/Cellular respiration

Cellular respiration is the process of breaking sugar into a form that the cell can use as energy. This happens in all forms of life. Cellular respiration takes in food and uses it to create ATP, a chemical which the cell uses for energy.
细胞呼吸 是 将 糖 分解成 细胞 可 用作 能量 形式的 过程。这种 情况 发生 在 各种 生活 形式中。细胞呼吸 吸收 食物 并 利用 它 来 产生 ATP，这是 细胞 用作 能量的 化学物质。
# English-Chinese/Causes of severe reactions of allergies

Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions of allergies.
食物，昆虫叮咬和药物是过敏严重反应的常见原因。
# English-Chinese/Cell biology

Cell biology is the study of how living cells work. This includes the structure and function of the cell organelles, and the carbon-based molecules which cells produce. Cell biology is an interdisciplinary subject, and uses ideas from genetics, biochemistry, molecular biology, immunology, and other subjects and techniques.
细胞生物学是研究活细胞的运作方式。 这包括细胞器的结构和功能，以及细胞产生的碳基分子。 细胞生物学是一门跨学科的学科，使用来自遗传学，生物化学，分子生物学，免疫学以及其他学科和技术的概念。
# English-Chinese/Cell

In biology, the cell is the basic structure of organisms. All cells are made by the division of other cells.
在生物学中，细胞是生物体的基本结构。 所有细胞都是通过其他细胞的分裂而产生的。
# English-Chinese/Causes of chest pain range from non-serious to serious to life-threatening

Causes of chest pain range from non-serious to serious to life-threatening.
胸痛的原因从非严重到严重到危及生命。
# English-Chinese/Causes of schizophrenia include environmental and genetic factors

Causes of schizophrenia include environmental and genetic factors.
精神分裂症的原因包括环境和遗传因素。
# English-Chinese/Cell nucleus

The cell nucleus​ (plural : cell nuclei) is a membrane bound structure that contains the cell's genes and controls the cell's growth and reproduction. It is commonly the most prominent organelle in a cell. The nucleus is small and round, and it works as the cell's control center. It contains chromosomes which house the DNA. The human body contains billions of cells, most of which have a nucleus.
细胞核 是 包含 细胞基因 并 控制 细胞 生长 和 繁殖的 膜结合结构。它 通常 是 细胞中 最突出的 细胞器。细胞核 小而圆，它 可以 作为 细胞的 控制中心。它 包含 容纳 DNA的 染色体。人体内 含有 数十亿个 细胞，其中 大部分 细胞核 具有 细胞核。
# HAM/Howard Community College

    Fall 2011
# HDI

HDI, formerly Help Desk Institute, is an organization supporting training and certification for technical service and support professionals.

## Certifications

Available certifications include:
* HDI Customer Service Representative
* HDI Support Center Analyst
* HDI Desktop Support Technician
* HDI Support Center Team Lead
* HDI Support Center Manager
* HDI Desktop Support Manager
* HDI Support Center Director
* Knowledge-Centered Support Fundamentals
* Knowledge-Centered Support Principles
* HDI Support Center

## Courses

* IT Service and Support
* IT Service Management
# Gynecology Case 1
### History

Paula Johnston is a 26 year old accountancy student who comes to you complaining of absence of menstruation for a period of 4 months.
What is the presenting complaint?
    Oligomenorrhoea - this is the absence of menstruation for a period between 6 weeks and 6 months. Amenorrhoea is the absence of periods for over six months
The etiology of oligomenorrhoea is extensive. You make it easier for yourself by narrowing it down to specific organ systems. Dysfunction of which organ systems and organs can cause oligomenorrhoea?
    Endocrine System
      * Hypothalamus
      * Pituitary Gland
      * Thyroid Gland
      * Pancreas
      * Adrenal Gland
    Reproductive/Endocrine System
      * Ovaries
Verbally practice your history taking from a patient with oligomenorrhoea. What information will you try to attain from the patient?
    History of Presenting Complaint
      * Onset: 4 months ago
      * Periodicity: Constantly no periods
      * Duration: 4 months
      * Has this happened before? No
    Menstrual History (normal)
      * Menarche: 12 years old
      * 1st day of last menstrual period: 4 months ago
      * No. of days bleeding: 3
      * Frequency: 26-30 days
      * Regularity: Irregular
      * Bleeding between periods: No
      * Bleeding after intercourse: No
      * Nature of periods - clots? No
      * Heavy? Light
      * Flooding? No
    Past Gynecological History
      * Gynecological symptoms: None
      * Gynecological diagnoses: None
      * Gynecological surgery: None
      * Abnormal smears: None
    Past Obstetric History
      * No. of children: None
      * No. of pregnancies: None
    Drug History
      * Prescribed Medications: None
      * Non-prescribed medications: None
      * Recreational drugs: None
    Family History
      * Medical Conditions: None
      * Gynecological conditions: Premature Menopause (Mother at 37; Sister at 35)
      * Malignancies: None
    Social History
      * Support Network: Extensive
      * Smoking: No
      * Alcohol: No
# HAM/Howard Community College/Fall 2011

This section is for team pages doing the HAM project
       550_BH^2
       501_Veteran_Bacon
       550_BH^2_V2
# God/Abd

God is a name for Reality (Arabic, al-Haqq, often translated as "the truth.")
Disputes over God generally boil down to disputes over the nature of reality.
Is there one reality? Or are there many? Or both or neither?
# God/The iam conjecture

A Scientific Proof that God Exists
(The proof below is done by contradiction [which is an acceptable method in mathematics]. However, I recognize some math purists will not accept it based on that fact.)
It's not a tautology if we accept Q.E.D. as a fact. If we accept Q.E.D. as a fact, we accept that there is no other way to deterministically explain the explosion of a singularity in 5D (other than the Prime Cause), and we are not in a cyclic universe.
We do not have to develop Iam space to prove the conjecture. All we have to do is simply develop a realistic version of Feynman's virtual particle scheme -- something like charged anti-photons in 5D.
To state the conjecture formally:
1. Feynman's QED is accepted fact, based on his virtual particle scheme 2. A singularity cannot explode in any deterministic way in 5D (x,y,z,t,C)[Where C represents spacetime curvature at x,y,z,t as described in other documents] 3. Our universe is not cyclic (successive explosions/implosions) 4. We can develop a realistic particle scheme in 5D that mimics Feynman's virtual particles [Such as the proposed charged anti-particle scheme recently described elsewhere]
Conclusion: If all 4 statements above are correct, then God must exist as the Prime Cause.
1 is true, 2 needs proving, 3 appears true, and 4 is trivial.
I'm most certainly not a genius but it doesn't take one to accomplish 4. It just takes a certain perspective or amount of insight. If any physicist worth his/her salts pursued a similar path as i have, they most certainly would have developed this theory in much less time (3 years vs. 30 years). So again, i'm not criticizing physicists or blaming them for anything.. The above realization was the simple result of holding to a way of looking at things for long enough (and did not include the conjecture itself!) .. Put another way, I have always believed in God, but i never believed we could prove God exists!
I promised to 'shoot myself in the foot' if i ever wrote Stephen Hawking again (because I wrote to him too many times about these ideas). (I asked him to allow me to use a toy gun in case I was right.) ;) So please don't make me use a real gun on my own foot! Write to Hawking for me! It should be trivial for him to prove 2 .. Can you imagine that? A guy who continually avoids God proves He exists! How ironic! (In all defense of Stephen, he probably believes in God; he just does not want to develop science based on Him.)
sam iam / salvatore gerard micheal, 2011/JAN/20, Maeaeb, Thailand Micheals 18:48, 19 January 2011 (UTC)
# Goal setting and management

Goal setting for a project manager, task or team leader, or lead/supervisory/management personnel is often a subtle, complex process. It must comply with top level policies and help accomplish organizational goals, visions, and mission while meeting requirements such as budgets, innovations, employee training, delivery deadlines, manufacturing quotas, etc. that are often driven by lateral requirements within the organization as well as top down direction.
It is important to understand an individual goal setting process and have practiced and polished individual personal skills in setting and attaining personal goals. b:Wikiversity:School_of_Engineering:Critical_Thinking_&_Self_Communication:goal_setting
It is even more important to acknowledge that achieving participant buyin requires discussion and coordination of group goals as well as each individual's personal goals or agenda. Each team member must feel their input and contribution are valued and impact overall group goals and the group leadership team or process must find ways to resolve and remove obstacles or conflicts resulting from conflicting individual and group goals.
Often inexperienced managers or leaders will attempt to apply a dictatorial or authoritarian model which assumes that since they are in charge they will specify goals and tasks necessary to achieve their superiors goals and task assignments. Theoretically everyone else will hop to and efficiently accomplish the work tasks as directed to achieve the mandated tasks and goals. Often this approach will yield initial results as experienced team players attempt to compensate for this deficiency in leadership skills while addressing improving the neophyte leader's skills and attitudes. Sometimes this works out well but often it results in disaster as the neophyte manager incorrectly interprets team success as validation of the merit of his authoritarian approach. Eventually (sometimes quickly or instantaneously) the honeymoon or cut them some slack period is over and group performance falls off until the deficiency in team management's coordination skills improve sufficiently to recover adequate team member buyin to specific common corporate/group/team goals.
# God

God is often conceived as the Supreme Being and principal object of faith. In theism, God is the creator and sustainer of the universe. In deism, God is the creator (but not the sustainer) of the universe. In pantheism, God is the universe itself. Theologians have ascribed a variety of attributes to the many different conceptions of God. Common among these are omniscience (infinite knowledge), omnipotence (unlimited power), omnipresence (present everywhere), and omnibenevolence (perfect goodness). Monotheism is the belief in the existence of one God or in the oneness of God. Many notable medieval philosophers and modern philosophers have developed arguments for and against the existence of God. There are many names for God, and different names are attached to different cultural ideas about who God is and what attributes he possesses.

## Essays

* God/Abd
* God/Arguments for God
* God/Does God exist?
* God/Nils/Angel oracle
* God/Programmer
* God/The iam conjecture

## Call for contributions

Set education free by contributing to God. Create a space where you can work by entering a title that is not already on the list shown above.
# God Gene

Welcome to the Wikiversity discussion group for the idea that there might be a biological basis for spirituality or genes that predispose people towards religious belief.

## Does the God gene exist?
### Discussion topics and readings

'God gene' discovered by scientist behind gay DNA theory By Elizabeth Day in the LONDON SUNDAY TELEGRAPH
"Dean Hamer, the director of the Gene Structure and Regulation Unit at the National Cancer Institute in Bethesda, asked volunteers 226 questions in order to determine how spiritually connected they felt to the universe.The higher their score, the greater the person's ability to believe in a greater spiritual force and, Mr. Hamer found, the more likely they were to share the gene VMAT2."

#### Additional readings

* Is God in Our Genes? by Jeffrey Kluger. TIme Magazine. Sunday, Oct. 17, 2004.
* God gene - article at Wikipedia

## Can the God gene interact with a spiritual existence?
### Pseudoscience

"Pseudoscience, astrology, eugenics, quackery, the occult, and superstition, is any subject that appears superficially to be scientific or whose proponents state is scientific but nevertheless contravenes the testability requirement, or substantially deviates from other fundamental aspects of the scientific method." - Pseudoscience as defined by Wikipedia
# Free education/Student Occupations

For historical list see Wikipedia: W:Occupation (protest) and w:Student protest

## 2015 Student Occupations
### Evicted

* De Nieuwe Universiteit Occupation, Amsterdam 2015
http://newuni.nl/ https://secure.avaaz.org/nl/petition/University_of_Amsterdam_Board_of_Directors_CvB_president_L_Gunning_CvB_Resign_Restore_democracy_at_the_UvA/?aAdXmib

### Ongoing

* OccupationUQAM, Montreal 2015
#occupationUQAM
* Occupy UAL, London 2015
Free education/My visit to Occupy UAL
# Free education/Sã0 Paulo Occupations

As of December 2015, around 200 schools have gone into occupy.
Oneo fthe first was Fernão Dias Paes School.
# Free education/SOAS Occupation
## Statements

* /SOAS Student Statement of Occupation = 15 October 2015
* /Safer Spaces Policy
* /Demands
# Free education/Sã0 Paulo Occupations/Fernão Dias Paes School

Occupation statement of 11th November 2015
# Free engineering

What is is it?
Engineering effort applied to freely publish useful engineering data and designs such that others may freely reuse the information.
Examples:
A wood stove design others can build, modify and deploy as they please.
Manufacturing information for a water desalination device that others may modify, build, republish, or deploy for personal drinking water or to Terraform the Sahara or Mars.
Free as Beer or as in Lack of Restrictions on Use of the Data?
Both.
How do free engineers get paid?
Any way they can devise without restricting the data.
How is this possible?
There are a lot of people around with engineering related experience and education. Many free open source tools are becoming available via the internet at Sourceforge and elsewhere.
Who else uses open source or free development of the knowledge commons to reduce future investment requirements in using technology effectively?
Why would anyone contribute time and expertise for free?
Some people want to see space settlements in their lifetime. Others have other personal agendas like sound ecological management or sustainable human civilizations on Terra. Tell us your goals or reasons!
* National Space Society
* Mars Society
* Lunar Boom Town
* Permanent

## Examples of Free Engineering Projects

* algOS - Oil from Algae Open Source
* Open source car projects:
       The OScar Project
       The Open Source Green Vehicle
       Applying open-source principles
# Free fall/Constant gravitation/No air resistance/Exercise

An object is released at time $0$ and it falls freely without air resistance from a certain height down to the earth thanks to the (constant) gravity force. Determine the velocity $v(t)$ and the distance $s(t)$ as a function of time $t$. After which time the object has traveled $100$ meters?
# General Relativity/Tidal forces

Radially from an object of mass m, the tidal acceleration is ${-2Gm \over r^{3}}*\Delta X$ and perpendicular to the radial line, the acceleration is ${Gm \over r^{3}}*\Delta X$ (Where G is the gravitational constant and deltaX is the seperation distance of two test particles.
To calculate those, you must remember that the acceleration due to gravity is ${Gm \over r^{2}}$. When you consider two test particles separated by a distance of $\Delta X$, the results vary depending on if they are along a common radius from the center of the earth or perpendicular to it. (Any other cases can be decomposed into a combination of those two cases). Where the two test particles are radial, the two effective radii are r and (r+\Delta X). If you look at the relative acceleration between the two particles, you get ${Gm \over (r+\Delta X)^{2}}-{Gm \over r^{2}}={{Gmr^{2}-Gm(r+\Delta X)^{2}} \over r^{2}(r+\Delta X)^{2}}={-2Gmr\Delta X+Gm\Delta X^{2} \over r^{2}(r+\Delta X)^{2}}\sim {-2Gmr\Delta X \over r^{4}}={-2Gm \over r^{3}}\Delta X$
More to follow...
# General Engineering Tutorials

* Actual tutorials exist. This just talks about them.
* A Best Practice document has been created. If you are starting a new one, pattern it after what you see here.
* To read more about the tutorials, check out the wikibook General Engineering Introduction has to say about them.

### Success Documentation

Tutorials are the success documentation emerging from engineering project documentation.

### How different from Engineering Project Documentation

Engineering projects document how teams organized themselves to jump into the unknown, what happened, what worked, what did not work and a vision of next steps if the project were to be continued. Tutorials are the first manuals, the first training course, the first document handed to customers that want to repeat an engineering success.

### How Engineers use Tutorials

Engineers have to learn things. They can not make their ignorance an engineering problem. They have to learn quickly. They learn just enough to do the project. They don't learn everything. They don't become experts. They hate open ended tutorials that have no specific goal. If the tutorial doesn't serve the project at hand, then it is a bad tutorial.

### Each Engineer is Unique

Each engineer has different backgrounds, talents and enthusiasms. So they are going to want to survey many different, self paced tutorials on the same subject. Engineers are going to want different starting points. They are going to want some tutorials to work backwards, (reverse engineer), they are going to want some tutorials that work forward with clear goals.

### Tutorial Improvement

The goal is to prepare engineers for their current project as quickly as possible. If a tutorial is not exactly suited to the engineers background and current project (which is usually the case), then the engineer has the responsibility forking the tutorial (making copy and then modifying it with different objective, different starting point) or editing the existing tutorial.
Engineers can start a completely new tutorial on the same subject. They can forward engineer with a slightly different objective. They can reverse engineer a slightly different product.

### What Tutorials are not

These tutorials are not intended to support manufacturer certifications or any specific tool expertise. They may be used by more than one project.

### Tutorial Goal

* Tutorials are intended to be self paced.
* Tutorial goal is to replicate success.
When these goals don't satisfy a particular engineer, they have the responsibility of improving/forking the tutorial.