OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Harpe

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HARPE (ἅρπη). A particular kind of sword or dagger, with a hook like a thorn (hamus), projecting from the blade at a certain distance below the point (mucro); as shown by the figure on the top of the opposite page. This weapon is fabled to have been used by Jupiter (Apollodor. Bibl. i. 6.), Hercules (Eurip. Ion., 191), and more particularly by Mercury and Perseus (Ov. Met. v. 176. ib. 69.), to the last of whom it is universally assigned, as a characteristic weapon, by the ancient artists in their sculptures, paintings, and engraved gems.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Haruspex

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HARUS'PEX (ἱεροσκόπος). A soothsayer and diviner, who affected to foretell future events by inspecting the entrails of victims, and to interpret the extraordinary phaenomena of nature, such as lightning, thunder, meteoric effects, earthquakes, &c.; thus assuming the combined powers of an EXTISPEX and an AUGUR, both of whom held a regular political office, were appointed by the government, and used as state engines. But the haruspex held no sacerdotal nor public position; and amongst the educated classes were regarded with much less respect than the two other; though he carried his jugglery to a much greater extent than either, in order to trade more effectively upon the popular credulity. Cic. Div. i. 39. Val. Max. 1. 1. § 1. Columell. i. 8. 6. Herzog. ad Sall. Cat. 47. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Haruspica

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HARUS'PICA. A female who practises the same arts as the Haruspex. Plaut. Mil. iii. 1. 98.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hastarii

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HASTA'RII. Veg. Mil. ii. 2. Same as HASTATI.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hastarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HASTA'RIUM. An auction-room (Tertull. Apol. 13.); a catalogue of sale. Id. ad Nation. i. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hastati

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HASTA'TI. In general any person armed with spears; but in a more special sense the Hastati were a particular body of heavy-armed infantry, constituting the first of the three classes into which the old Roman legion was subdivided. They consisted of the youngest men, and were posted in the first line of the battle array, at least until the latter end of the republic, when the custom had obtained of drawing up the Roman army in lines, by cohorts; and, consequently, the old distinctions between the Hastati, Principes, and Triarii, in regard to the respective positions occupied by each of them, had been abandoned. But their arms and accoutrements appear to have been retained, without any very important change even under the empire; for they are frequently represented upon the arches and columns with weapons of offence and defence similar to those which Polybius ascribes to them at his day; viz. a helmet, large shield, cuirass of chain-mail, sword on the right side, and spear, as shown by the annexed example (Hastati/1.1) from the column of Antoninus. The cuirass of chain armour (θώραξ ἀλυσιδωτός), which was peculiar to the hastati, is indicated by the marking in the engraving, but is more prominently apparent in the original, from being placed in immediate contrast with two other figures, the one in scale armour (lorica squamata), the other plumated (lorica plumata), both of which are detailed with equal decision and distinctness. Varro, L. L. v. 89. Ennius ap. Macrob. Sat. vi. 1. Liv. xxii. 5. Polyb. vi. 23.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hastile

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HASTI'LE. Properly the shaft of a spear (Nepos, Epam. xv. 9.); thence used for the spear itself (Ov. Met. viii. 28.); a goad for driving cattle (Calpurn. Ecl. iii. 21.); or any long stick. Virg. Georg. ii. 358.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Haustrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HAUSTRUM. A scoop, box, or bucket on a water-wheel which takes up the water as the wheel revolves. (Lucret. v. 517. Non. s. v. p. 13.) These were sometimes wooden boxes (modioli, Vitruv. x. 5.); at others only jars (cadi, Non. l. c.); and the Chinese of the present day make use of a joint of bamboo for the purpose; see the illustration s. ROTA AQUARIA, which affords a clear notion of what is meant by the term.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Helciarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HELCIA'RIUS. One who tows a boat by the loop (helcium) of a tow-rope. Mart. iv. 64. 22. Sidon. Ep. ii. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Helcium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HELCIUM. Properly the loop attached to a tow-rope drawn by men (HELCIARIUS), which is passed over the shoulder and across the breast; whence it is applied to a breast-collar attached to the traces of draught animals (Apul. Met. ix. p. 185.), as in the annexed example (Helcium/1.1), from a painting of Herculaneum.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Helepolis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HELEP'OLIS (ἑλέπολις). Literally, the destroyer of cities, the name given to an engine invented by Demetrius Poliorcetes for besieging fortified places, consisting of a square tower placed upon wheels, and run up to the height of nine stories, each of which was furnished with machines for battering and discharging projectiles of enormous size and weight. Diod. Sic. xx. 48. xx. 91. Vitruv. x. 22. Ammian. xxiii. 4. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Heliocaminus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HELIOCAMI'NUS (ἡλιοκάμινος). A room with a southern exposure, which received sufficient heat from the natural warmth of the sun, and, consequently, required no artificial contrivance for warming. Plin. Ep. ii. 17. 20. Ulp. Dig. 8. 2. 17.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Helix

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HEL'IX (ἕλιξ). The small volute under the abacus of a Corinthian capital, intended to imitate the tendrils or curling stalk of the vine, ivy, or any parasitical plant, bent down by a superincumbent weight. Each capital is decorated with sixteen (Helix/1.1), two under each angle of the abacus, and two meeting under its centre on each face. Vitruv. iv. 1. 12.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hemicyclium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HEMICYC'LIUM (ἡμικύκλιον). A semicircular alcove, sufficiently large to admit of several persons sitting in it at the same time, for the enjoyment of mutual converse. The ancients constructed such places in their own pleasure-grounds (Cic. Am. 1. Sidon. Ep. i. 1.); and also as public seats in different parts of a town for the accommodation of the inhabitants (Suet. Gramm. 17. Plut. de Garrul. p. 99.). The annexed woodcut (Hemicyclium/1.1) affords an example of the latter sort; representing a hemicyclium at Pompeii, as it is now seen at the side of the street, just outside of the principal entrance to the city from Herculaneum. The seat runs all round the back, and the floor is at a considerable elevation above the level of the pavement, so that a small stepping stone is placed in the front of it for the convenience of access.
2. A sundial of simple construction invented by Berosus, consisting of an excavation nearly spherical on the upper surface of a square block of stone (excavatum ex quadrato) within which the hour lines were traced, and having the anterior face sloped away from above so as to give it a forward inclination (ad enclima succisum) adapted to the polar altitude of the place for which the dial was made. (Vitruv. ix. 8.) The example (Hemicyclium/2.1) is copied from an original, discovered in 1764 amongst the ruins of an ancient villa near Tusculum: the angle of the enclima is about 40° 43', which agrees with the latitude of Tusculum, and the whole instrument coincides exactly with a marble of the same description amongst the collection at Ince Blundell, in Lancashire, which has a bust of Berosus sculptured on the base, and the name hemicyclium inscribed upon it.
* Hemicyclium/1.1
* Hemicyclium/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hemina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HEMI'NA (ἡμίνα). A measure of capacity, containing half a sextarius (Festus, s. v. Rhemn. Fann. de Pond. 67.); whence, also, a vessel made to contain that exact quantity. Pers. i. 129.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hemiolia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HEMIOL'IA (ἡμιολία). A particular kind of ship (Gell. x. 25.), used chiefly by the Greek pirates (Arrian. Anab. iii. 2. 5.); constructed in such a manner that half of its side was left free from rowers, in order to form a deck for fighting upon. (Etymol. Sylburg. ap. Scheffer. Re Nav. p. 74.) It seems to have belonged to the same class as the Cercurus, with a slightly different arrangement of the oars; and is probably represented by the annexed example (Hemiolia/1.1), from an Imperial medal (Scheff. l. c. p. 111.), in which the central portion, not occupied by rowers, forms the deck alluded to.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hemisphaerium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HEMISPHAE'RIUM. One of the many kinds of sundials in use amongst the ancients (Vitruv. ix. 8.), which received the name from its resemblance to a hemisphere, or half of the globe supposed to be cut through its centre in the plane of one of its greatest circles. The illustration (Hemisphaerium/1.1) represents a statue of Atlas, formerly standing in the centre of Ravenna (Symeoni, Epitaffi antichi, Lione, 1557), which affords an appropriate design for a dial of this description; and indicates that the hemisphaerium was erected in an upright position, whereas the discus, which was also circular, was laid flat upon its stand: thus constituting the difference between the two.
2. The interior of a dome; i. e. the ceiling formed by it, which, in fact, consists of the half of a hollow globe; such, for instance, as the Pantheon at Rome. Vitruv. v. 10. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hepteris

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HEPTE'RIS (ἑπτήρης). A war-galley with seven banks of oars. (Liv. xxxvii. 23.) See the article HEXERES, where the method of arranging the oars and counting the banks, when they exceeded a certain number, is partially explained; and if the plan there supposed be adopted, the addition of one oar-port to each tier between stem and stern, will make the rating of seven banks instead of six; which banks will be disposed in the manner shown by the following diagram (Hepteris/1.1).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hermae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HERMAE (Ἑρμαῖ). Mercuries; a particular kind of statues, in which only the head, and sometimes the bust, was modelled, all the rest being left as a plain four-cornered post; a custom which descended from the old Pelasgic style of representing the god Mercury. (Macrob. Sat. i. 19. Juv. viii. 53. Nepos, Alcib. vii. 3.) The trunk was sometimes surmounted with a single head, more usually with a double one, as in the example (Hermae/1.1) from an original in the Capitol at Rome; and the personages most commonly selected for the purpose were the bearded Bacchus, Fauns, and philosphers. Pillars of this description were extensively employed for many purposes; as signposts; as the uprights in an ornamental fence or railing, to which use the original of our engraving was applied (the cavities being visible on each of its sides, which received the cross-bars between post and post): in the circus, for holding the rope or bar which kept the doors of the stalls (carceres) closed until the chariots received the signal to come out (Cassiodor. Var. Ep. iii. 51.); as shown by the illustration at p. 119.; and, in short, for any purpose for which a post would be employed.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hermathena

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HERMATHE'NA. Probably a terminal statue, like that just described, with the head of Athena or Minerva on the top; of which an example is engraved by Spon. Recherches, p. 98. No. 11. Cic. Att. i. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hermeracles

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HERMERAC'LES. Probably a terminal statue (Herma) with the bust of Hercules on its top; of which examples remain at Rome. Mus. Pio-Clem. i. 6. Mus. Capitol. i. p. 13. Cic. Att. 1. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hermeros

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HERM'EROS. Probably a terminal statue (Herma) with the bust of Eros, or Love, on the top. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4. § 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hermulae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HERM'ULAE. (Cassiodor. Var. Ep. iii. 51.) Diminutive of HERMAE.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Heroum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HERO'UM (ἡρῷον). A sepulchral monument, built in the form of an aedicula, or small temple. (Inscript. ap. Mur. 889. 8. Plin. H. N. x. 6.) Monuments of this kind originated with the Greeks, and in the first instance were only erected in honour of their deified heroes; which explains why the temple was taken as a model; but subsequently they were extensively adopted by private individuals, as may be inferred from the frequent representations of them on fictile vases and sepulchral marbles. The example (Heroum/1.1) annexed is copied from a marble slab in the Museum at Verona, which served as the monument of a Greek lady, named Euclea, the daughter of one Agatho, and wife of Aristodemon, as the epitaph inscribed upon it in Greek characters testifies.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hexaclinon

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HEXACLI'NON. A term coined from the Greek, for the purpose of designating a dining-couch made to accommodate six persons. Mart. ix. 60. 9.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hexaphori

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HEXAPH'ORI, sc. phalangarii. A set of six men who carry any burden by their joint exertions, united by the aid of a phalanga (Vitruv. x. 3. 7.), as explained in the articles PHALANGA and PHALANGARII, where the illustrations represent the operations performed by two men and by eight.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hexaphoron

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HEXAPH'ORON. A palanquin or sedan (lectica, sella), carried by six men (Mart. ii. 81. Id. vi. 77), in the manner described and illustrated s. ASSER, 1. p. 63.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hexastylos

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HEXASTY'LOS. Hexastyle; i. e. which has a row of six columns in front.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hexeris

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HEXE'RIS (ἑξήρης). A vessel furnished with six banks of oars on each side. (Liv. xxxvii. 23.). It is still a matter of doubt and of difficulty even to surmise how the oars were disposed in a vessel rated with six banks (ordines); as it has been proved by experiments that an oar poised at such an altitude from the water's edge as would be required for the sixth seat of the rower, even when placed diagonally over the five others, would have so great a dip for its blade to touch the water, that the handle would be elevated above the reach of the rower; or, if the oar were made of sufficient length to obviate this inconvenience, being fixed as of necessity upon the thowl at one-third of its entire length, the part inboard would be so long that it must reach over to the opposite side of the vessel, and thus completely obstruct all movement within it. The most feasible construction seems to be that suggested by Howell (Treatise on the War Galleys of the Ancients), that when vessels had more than five banks of oars, the banks were not counted in an ascending direction from the water's edge to the bulwarks, but lengthwise from stem to stern; that these were placed in a diagonal direction, as in the trireme (see TRIREMIS, and illustration), and always five deep in the ascending line; but that they were rated, not by these, but by the number of oar-ports between stem and stern. Thus a hexeris would have five parallel lines of oars, with six oar-ports in each, placed diagonally over one another, as in the annexed diagram (Hexeris/1.1); a hepteris seven; a decemremis, ten; and so on. Compare ORDO.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hibernacula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HIBERNAC'ULA. Apartments in a dwelling-house intended for winter occupation, which were less decorated than other apartments, in consequence of the dirt caused by the smoke of the fires and lamps burnt in them (Vitruv. vii. 4. 4.), and for which a western aspect was considered the most eligible. Vitruv. 1. 2. 7.
2. Tents constructed for a winter campaign, or in which the soldiers were lodged when an army kept the field during the winter season; consequently, they were covered with skins, and built of wood, or of some more substantial material than an ordinary tent. Liv. v. 2. Compare xxx. 3. xxxvii. 39.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Hiberna

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
HIBERNA (χειμάδια). Winter-quarters in which the army was distributed during winter, when not kept in the field under tents (hibernacula). Liv. xxiii. 13. Cic. Fam. xv. 4. Tac. Agr. 38.