OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Proscenium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PROSCE'NIUM (προσκήνιον). The stage of an ancient theatre, including the whole space of the elevated platform, bounded by the permanent wall of the scena at the back, and by the orchestra in front (Vitruv. v. 6. 1. Ib. 7. 1. Apul. Flor. 18. Virg. Georg. ii. 381. Serv. ad l.). This stage, or part before the scenes, did not, however, extend backwards, either in a Greek or Roman theatre, to nearly so great a depth as the stage of a modern playhouse, because the number of characters in the ancient drama were much fewer than we are accustomed to introduce, and the chorus of the Greeks performed all their evolutions in the orchestra, while the Romans did not exhibit any chorus at all. The illustration (Proscenium/1.1) presents a view of the proscenium in the great theatre at Pompeii, taken from the centre of the first lobby (praecinctio), and shows a large part of the orchestra, with the stage beyond, then the wall of the scene with its three entrances, and the boundary wall of the postscenium, in a half tint at the back.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Prostomis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PROS'TOMIS. The reading of some editions for POSTOMIS; which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Prostylos

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PROSTY'LOS (πρόστυλος). A temple or other building, which has a porch supported upon a colonnade in its front, as shown by the annexed ground plan (Prostylos/1.1), and the illustration to PRONAOS, where a similar structure is exhibited in elevation. Vitruv. iii. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Prostypum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PROS'TYPUM (πρόστυπον, Callix. ap. Athen. v. 30.). The reading adopted in some editions of Pliny (H. N. xxxv. 43.) instead of protypum, and interpreted to mean images in low relief (basso-rilievo), as contradistinguished from such as are executed in high relief (alto-rilievo).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Prosumia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PROSU'MIA. A small sea-going craft, employed as a spy ship, to keep a look out and watch the motions of an enemy's fleet; but beyond this, its characteristic peculiarities are not ascertained. Festus, s. v. Caecil. ap. Non. s. v. p. 536.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Prothyrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PROTH'YRUM (διάθυρον). An entrance hall in a Roman house; that is, a small corridor situated between the street door (janua), which was probably always kept open in the day-time, as is still the practice of modern Italy, and the house door (ostium), which gave immediate access to the atrium, and interior of the house. The Greek name defines it more accurately as the part between (διά) the doors; and their πρόθυρον, or place before the door, corresponds with the Roman vestibulum (Vitruv. vi. 7. 5.). The woodcut (Prothyrum/1.1) represents an entrance-passage to one of the houses at Pompeii, with the ceiling and doors restored to give a more complete notion of the locality; the columns seen through the furthest door, one leaf of which is represented as closed, are those of the atrium.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Protypum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PROT'YPUM (πρότυπον). A model after which any thing is formed, corresponding with our prototype. In a passage of Pliny (H. N. xxxv. 43.), the term is used to designate reliefs in terra cotta employed as antefixes (antefixa) for decorating buildings, and which could be multiplied to any extent, by making a mould (forma) upon them, and taking casts (ectypa) from it; but the reading of the passage is not altogether certain, and some editors adopt PROSTYPUM in its stead.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Provocatores

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PROVOCATO'RES. A class of gladiators respecting whom nothing definite is known, excepting that they usually engaged with the Samnites. Cic. Sext. 64. Inscript. ap. Orelli, 2566.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Psalterium

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PSALTE'RIUM (ψαλτήριον). A psaltery, that is, a stringed instrument (Varro, ap. Non. s. Nervi, p. 215. Virg. Ciris, 179.), of mixed character, between the cithara and the harpa, to both of which it possessed certain points of affinity — to the former in having a hollow sounding belly formed of wood, over which the chords were stretched, but which, instead of being held downwards in the act of playing, as was usual with the cithara (see the woodcut s. v.), was carried upwards on the shoulder, so as to constitute the top rather than the bottom of the instrument (Isidor. Orig. iii. 21. 7. Cassiod. in Psalm. 150. August. in Psalm. 56.); and to the latter, in having a bent frame which kept the strings extended from its centre, so that the figure presented by the three parts, the strings, belly, and trunk, approximated to the form of a bow, if the juncture of the belly and trunk possessed a circular conformation, as in the engraving (Psalterium/1.1); or of a triangle, if the juncture was an angular one, as is the case with an original specimen of the same instrument, now preserved in the Paris collection of Egyptian antiquities. This account, collected from the different passages quoted above, with the assistance of the figures in the illustration, seems to leave no doubt respecting the identity of the instrument. The lower woodcut (Psalterium/1.2) represents an original in the British Museum, the belly of which is covered with leather, strained over it, and perforated with holes to allow the sounds to escape: the upper one, from a painting at Thebes, exemplifies the method of holding and playing the instrument.
2. ψαλτήριον ὄρθιον. The upright psaltery, mentioned by Athenaeus (iv. 81.) as a different instrument from the common one, was probably the same, or nearly similar to the HARPA: see the example s. v. p. 328., which strongly resembles the preceding figure from Thebes, when placed in an upright instead of a horizontal position.
* Psalterium/1.1
* Psalterium/1.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Psaltes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PSAL'TES (ψάλτης). One who plays upon a stringed instrument, as a general term. Quint. i. 10. 18. Sidon. Ep. viii. 9.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Psaltria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PSAL'TRIA (ψάλτρια). In a general sense a female who plays upon any stringed instrument, as in the annexed figure (Psaltria/1.1), from a fresco excavated at Civita, in the year 1755, representing the Muse Erato, which, in the original, has the word ψάλτρια inscribed underneath; but the term is frequently used in a more special sense to distinguish a class of women, not remarkable for rigid virtue, who made a profession amongst the Greeks of going about to play and sing at banquets for the amusement of the guests, representations of whom are frequently introduced in the designs on the Greek vases, in which revels and drinking parties (comissationes) are depicted. The same practice was introduced at Rome, after the conquest of Antiochus, by the army which had served in Asia. Liv. xxxix. 6. Cic. Sext. 54. Juv. Sat. vi. 337.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pseudisodomum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PSEUDISOD'OMUM (ψευδισόδομον). One of the earlier and less perfect styles of masonry in use amongst the Greeks, in which the stones, though laid in regular courses, were not all of corresponding size or height; consequently, though all the courses were parallel, and every stone in the same course of one height, yet the respective dimensions of each course differed from the others, which produced the effect of false equality indicated by the term. (Vitruv. ii. 8. 6. Plin. H. N. xxxxvi. 51. and compare ISODOMUM.) The illustration (Pseudisodomum/1.1) represents one of the entrances into the ancient citadel of Mycenae, and consequently affords a very early instance of the style.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pseudodipteros

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PSEUDODIP'TEROS (ψευδοδίπτερος). Pseudodipteral; a term employed to designate an edifice which presents the appearance of having a double colonnade round it, though in reality it is only a single one, which possesses the same projection from the walls of the cell as the dipteral structure, but the inner row of columns is dispensed with. (Vitruv. iii. 2.) The colonnade is thus twice as wide as that which is termed simply peripteral; and of the same width as the dipteral, thus combining increased accommodation with less cost. Compare the woodcuts s. DIPTEROS and PERIPTEROS with the present one (Pseudodipteros/1.1), which will make the distinction self-evident.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pseudoperipteros

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PSEUDOPERIP'TEROS (ψευδοπερίπτερος). Pseudoperipteral; a term employed to designate an edifice that appears to have a colonnade all round, which, in reality, it does not possess; the walls of the cell being merely furnished with half or three-quarter columns to correspond with the isolated ones of the porch. (Vitruv. iii. 2.) By such an arrangement more room was afforded for the interior, as is clearly shown by the example (Pseudoperipteros/1.1), representing the ground-plan of the temple of Fortuna Virilis at Rome, while the distribution of the columns or the flanks suggests the notion of a colonnade, as may be seen by the illustration s. PRONAOS, which exhibits a design of the same style in elevation.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pseudothyrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PSEUDOTH'YRUM (ψευδόθυρον). A false or rather secret door, for the purpose of giving ingress and egress to the premises, without being subjected to observation. Ammian. xiv. 1. Compare Cic. Sen. 6. Id. Verr. ii. 2. 20.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pseudourbana

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PSEUDOURBA'NA sc. aedificia. Those parts of a farmhouse or country villa which were appropriated to the use of the owner and his family, i. e. the mansion itself, apart from the farm-buildings and the tenements occupied by the farming-men (familia rustica.) (Vitruv. vi. 5. 3. compared with Columell. i. 6. 1.) The term pseudourban, which might be translated city-like, was given to the above-mentioned part of the villa, because, though in reality a country-seat, it was designed and laid out upon the same plan and with the same luxuries as a town mansion.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Psilocitharista

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PSILOCITHARIS'TA (ψιλοκιθαριστής). One who merely plays upon the guitar (cithara) as an instrumental performer, without accompanying it with his voice. Suet. Dom. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Psilothrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PSILO'THRUM (ψίλωθρον). An unguent or medical preparation, made chiefly of heated arsenic and unslaked lime, employed for removing hairs from the surface of the skin, by men of effeminate habits as well as women. Mart. iii. 74. vi. 93. Plin. H. N. xxiv. 37. Id. xxxii. 47.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pteroma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PTERO'MA or PTER'ON (πτέρωμα, πτερόν). In architecture, a colonnade on the flank of a temple, or other edifice similarly constructed, projecting from the wall of the cell on each side, like a pair of wings, which resemblance gave rise to the name (Vitruv. iii. 3. 9.); but in buildings which had no side columns, and an outwork on each side of the central pile, similar to what we call wings, or only a blank wall running out like a screen, such an outwork or wall was designated by the same name. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4. § 9. Id. xxxvi. 13. Strabo. xvii. 28.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pterotus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PTERO'TUS (πτερωτός). Properly a Greek word, meaning winged, but employed as a characteristic epithet, for the drinking-cup, termed calix, because it was furnished with handles on each side, like wings, as exhibited by the illustration (Pterotus/1.1) representing an original calix of Greek manufacture. Plin. H. N. xxxv. 66.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Publicanus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUBLICA'NUS (τελώνης. N. T.). A publican, in the sense which that term bears in our version of the New Testament, meaning thereby a person who took a contract of the public taxes from the state at a stipulated amount, he employing and paying the underlings who collected them, and reserving to himself for his own profit all that remained beyond the sum at which he had taken the contract. The Roman publican was in general a person of equestrian rank. The taxes he collected were the land tax, levied upon pastures; the tithe of corn, from arable lands; and the customs dues on imports; and as he stood in the place of a middleman, and had the onus of direct collection, which would be rigorously enforced, to make a good profit of the contract, the reputation he bore was, in general, far from being flattering or popular; though his wealth made him an important and influential personage. Plin. H. N. xxxviii. 8. Cic. Planc. 9. Liv. xliii. 16.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pugilatio

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PUGILA'TIO -A'TUS (πυγμαχία). Boxing; a boxing-match. See PUGIL.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pugilator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUGILA'TOR. Same as PUGIL.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pugillares

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUGILLA'RES. Small tablets covered with wax for writing on, so termed from their diminutive size, because they could be held commodiously in a little hand (pugillus). They were principally used for memorandum books, for noting down first thoughts, and to be despatched as love letters; which intention is exemplified by the illustration (Pugillares/1.1), from a Pompeian painting, representing Cupid with a love billet which Polyphemus sends to Galatea. Senec. Ep. 15. Plin. Ep. i. 6. 1. Ib. 22. 11.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pugil

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUGIL (πύκτης). A boxer; that is, one who fights with the fist (pugnus, πύξ). The act of boxing (pugilatio, pugilatus) dates from a remote antiquity, being practised by the Greeks and Etruscans in very early times, and continuing to be a popular exhibition at Rome during the republic and empire. (Liv. i. 35. Cic. Tusc. ii. 17. Suet. Aug. 45.) The attitudes, guards, and method of directing the blows exhibited in various works of art, indicate that the boxing of the ancients resembled in most respects the practice of our own countrymen, with one important exception, which must have rendered their conflicts cruelly severe — that of covering the lower part of the arm and fists with thongs of leather studded with knobs of metal (CAESTUS), as is shown by the annexed illustration (Pugil/1.1), from a well-known statue of the Villa Borghese.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pugio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUG'IO (ἐγχειρίδιον). A short, two-edged, sharp-pointed dagger, openly worn on the right side, more particularly by officers in the army, and persons of rank under the empire, as well as by the emperors themselves, in order to indicate their power over life and death. (Cic. Phil. ii. 12. Suet. Vit. 15. Tac. Hist. iii. 68. Id. i. 43. Val. Max. iii. 5. 3.) The example (Pugio/1.1) is from an original of bronze in the Neapolitan Museum; the holes on the handle were intended for the reception of ornamental studs.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pugiunculus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUGIUN'CULUS. Diminutive of PUGIO. A small dagger, a dirk. Cic. Fragm. contra C. Anton. ap. Ascon. Id. Or. 67.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pullarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PULLA'RIUS. The person who had the care of the sacred chickens (woodcut s. CAVEA, 3.), and affected to predict the results of future events from the manner in which they ate or rejected their food. Cic. Div. ii. 34. Liv. x. 40.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pulpitum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PUL'PITUM (βῆμα). A tribune or pulpit made of wood and of a moveable character (Suet. Gramm. 4. remoto pulpito), into which an orator, declaimer, grammarian, &c., ascended for the purpose of making himself conspicuous, and acquiring a commanding situation, when about to address an audience. Hor. Epist. i. 19. 40.
2. (λογεῖον, ὀκρίβας). In an ancient theatre that part of the stage (proscenium) which was nearest to the orchestra, upon which the actors stood when they delivered their dialogues or speeches (Hor. A. P. 278. Vitruv. v. 7. 2. Ib. 6. 1. Propert. iv. 1. 16.) It is represented by the elevated platform on the left side of the annexed woodcut (Pulpitum/2.1), which affords a view across the pit and stage in the small theatre at Pompeii; the dark groove which runs along it, shows the recess into which the drop-scene (aulaea) was lowered.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pulsabulum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PULSAB'ULUM. An instrument with which the chords of a stringed instrument were struck (Apul. Flor. 15.); for which the more usual name is PLECTRUM, where an illustration is introduced.