OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 22nd Century Initiative

    This is a discussion of an interview 2024-09-11 with Jiva Manske of the 22nd Century Initiative. A 29:00 mm:ss audio file, prepared for distribution as the "Media & Democracy" show syndicated for the Pacifica Radio Network of over 200 community radio stations is available here.
    It is posted here to invite others to contribute other perspectives, subject to the Wikimedia rules of writing from a neutral point of view citing credible sources and treating others with respect.
Jiva Manske of the 22nd Century Initiative discusses their activities including their collaboration with the Horizons Project in "Harnessing Our Power to End Political Violence" (HOPE-PV). The 22nd Century Initiative is a national strategy and action hub, founded to coordinate efforts to combat authoritarianism and support a multiracial, inclusive, and pluralistic democracy in the U.S. in this century and the next.
A primary activity is conferences. Their first was in 2023 — July 6-9 in Minneapolis. The second is scheduled for 2025 – June 19-22 in Atlanta.

## The threat

Internet company executives have knowingly increased political polarization and violence including the Rohingya genocide in Myanmar, because doing otherwise might have reduced their profits. Documentation of this is summarized in Category:Media reform to improve democracy.

## Discussion

    [Interested readers are invite to comment here, subject to the Wikimedia rules of writing from a neutral point of view citing credible sources and treating others with respect.]
# Legal concerns of Free Press including Section 230

    This is a discussion of an interview scheduled for 2024-08-13 with Matt Wood, Vice President of Policy and General Counsel for Free Press. After the interview, a video of it will be posted here followed a few days later by a 29:00 mm:ss audio file, prepared for distribution as the "Media & Democracy" show syndicated for the Pacifica Radio Network of over 200 community radio stations.
    It is posted here to invite others to contribute other perspectives, subject to the Wikimedia rules of writing from a neutral point of view citing credible sources and treating others with respect.
Matt Wood, Vice President of Policy and General Counsel for Free Press, discusses their concerns regarding US law and regulations. These concerns include proposed legislation that would sunset Section 230 of Title 47 of the US Code, which protects Internet companies from liability for lies, defamation and incitements to violence in information they disseminate, though not in information they originate. He also discusses the US Federal Communications Commission (FCC) including how its behavior has evolved since the Obama presidency, especially regarding net neutrality.
Matt is interviewed by Spencer Graves and Karl Brooks. Free Press is headquartered in Washington, DC, but roughly two-thirds of their staff work remotely from other locations.

## The threat

Internet company executives have knowingly increased political polarization and violence including the Rohingya genocide in Myanmar, because doing otherwise might have reduced their profits. Documentation of this is summarized in Category:Media reform to improve democracy.
# How psychological and interpersonal processes are influenced by human-computer interactions

    This article includes a video of an interview 2024-08-02 with Ian Axel Anderson, a postdoctoral scholar in applied social psychology at Caltech. It is posted here to invite others to contribute other perspectives, subject to the Wikimedia rules of writing from a neutral point of view citing credible sources and treating others with respect.
Ian Axel Anderson, a postdoctoral scholar in applied social psychology at Caltech, discusses psychological and interpersonal processes that influence media use and human-computer interaction. Dr Anderson has studied how Internet companies exploit social-psychological processes – such as habit formation, social learning, and attention span – in ways that threaten democracy and rule of law. He is a member of the Coalition for Independent Technology Research.
Dr. Anderson’s experiments have studied habits, online posting and scrolling behavior, hate speech, extremism, conspiracies, rumors, well-being, identity, stereotypes, and social media influence. He mentioned "The Facebook Papers", which were tens of thousands of Facebook’s internal documents that former Facebook employee and whistleblower Frances Haugen released to the Securities and Exchange Commission and The Wall Street Journal in 2021. These documents establish that Facebook executives knew that their algorithms were creating problems for many users and others including proactively inciting violence such as the genocide of Rohingya Muslims in Myanmar but prioritized company income over the wellbeing of users and society more generally. Anderson said that Facebook’s content moderation policies in the US and Europe are much more friendly to users and society than in many other countries.
Mark Twain observed, “How easy it is to make people believe a lie, and how hard it is to undo that work again!” Anderson discusses research supporting this observation. This problem is exacerbated by the “continued influence effect”, which is the tendency for misinformation to continue to influence memory and reasoning even after a person agrees that the information was erroneous. A more subtle effect is that people who read only headlines on social media have less actual knowledge while thinking they know more than people who catch a standard news broadcast or read a longer report in a standard newspaper (but not a tabloid); the actual knowledge of both may translate into increased civic participation, but the actions of those informed by social media headlines are less likely to be constructive.
For countering misinformation in social media, crowdsourcing trustworthyness, i.e., judgments of news source quality, seems to be effective.
Anderson is interviewed by Karl Brooks and Spencer Graves.

## The threat

More on these threats to democracy and world peace is summarized in Category:Media reform to improve democracy.
# Introduction to Swedish

Introduction to Swedish
Back
Introduction
· Common phrases
· Alphabet
· Nouns & pronouns
· Verb tenses
· Adjectives
· Numbers and plurals
· Spelling
· Definite forms
· Time and dates
· Possessive forms
· Agreement of forms
· Traveling
· Swedish-English vocabulary
· English-Swedish vocabulary
Next :
Swedish (or svenska) is a North Germanic language, closely related to English and even more closely related to Danish and Norwegian. It is spoken primarily in Sweden but also in parts of Finland as well as isolated parts of Russia and Ukraine. The purpose of this course is to teach the basics of Swedish grammar as well as some vocabulary.

## Lesson list

Lesson 1:
* Common phrases
Lesson 2:
* Alphabet
Lesson 3:
* Nouns and pronouns
Lesson 4:
* Verb tenses
Lesson 5:
* Adjectives
Lesson 6:
* Numbers and plurals
Lesson 7:
* Spelling
Lesson 8:
* Definite forms
Lesson 9:
* Time and dates
Lesson 10:
* Possessive forms
Lesson 11:
* Agreement of forms
Lesson 12:
* Traveling

## Vocabulary

* English–Swedish vocabulary
* Swedish–English vocabulary

## Answers

* Answers to exercises

## Test

* Test (Quiz)

## Continuation course

* Intermediate Swedish 1
Page Views
# Main Page/News

2024
* March 6: Understanding Misbelief is now welcoming students.
* December 5: Pedophilia: Innate or Learned? has been published and is ready for viewers.
* July 22: Wikiphilosophers has launched on Wikiversity. The goal of this project is to provide an overview of all philosophical ideas of philosophers and thinkers within Wikiversity.
* May 13: Collaborative authoring using wiki: An open education case study published in the International Journal for Students as Partners
* March 15: Using open wikis for teaching and learning presentation to the ASCILITE Learning Design Special Interest Group
* January 5: The Real Good Religion course is now welcoming students seeking adventure
# Bully Metric Time Apan

Bully Metric Main Page
The time apan is by definition 30.55 femtoseconds. SI prefixes have the same meaning and conventions when used with Bully time as they have when used with standard SI units. However, the word "time" may be dropped when the context is clear. For example, the statement: "The duration of a sidereal year is 1.033 zetta-time-apan (1.033 Zta)", should be shortened to "The duration of a sidereal year is 1.033 zettapan (1.033 Zta)". See Table 1 below for the list of SI prefixes used with Bully time. In addition to SI prefixes, the table also identifies the smallest meaningful time (Planck time), largest meaningful time (Age of Universe), and a few other time durations for comparison.
Table 1: The length prefix table :
| Prefix | Prefix | Prefix | Symbols |
| Name | Symbol | Base 10 | Length |
| Age of Universe | Age of Universe | Age of Universe | $14.15\,Qta$ |
| quetta | Q | 10$^{30}$ | Qta |
| ronna | R | 10$^{27}$ | Rta |
| yotta | Y | 10$^{24}$ | Yta |
| zetta | Z | 10$^{21}$ | Zta |
| exa | E | 10$^{18}$ | Eta |
| 50 Minutes 55 Seconds | 50 Minutes 55 Seconds | 50 Minutes 55 Seconds | $100\,Pta$ |
| peta | P | 10$^{15}$ | Pta |
| tera | T | 10$^{12}$ | Tta |
| giga | G | 10$^9$ | Gta |
| Muon Particle Half Life | Muon Particle Half Life | Muon Particle Half Life | $51\,Mta$ |
| mega | M | 10$^6$ | Mta |
| kilo | k | 10$^3$ | kta |
| — | — | 10$^0$ | ta |
| milli | m | 10$^{−3}$ | mta |
| micro | μ | 10$^{−6}$ | μta |
| nano | n | 10$^{−9}$ | nta |
| Hydrogen-7 Half Life | Hydrogen-7 Half Life | Hydrogen-7 Half Life | $753\,pta$ |
| pico | p | 10$^{−12}$ | pta |
| femto | f | 10$^{−15}$ | fta |
| atto | a | 10$^{−18}$ | ata |
| zepto | z | 10$^{−21}$ | zta |
| yocto | y | 10$^{−24}$ | yta |
| ronto | r | 10$^{−27}$ | rta |
| quecto | q | 10$^{−30}$ | qta |
| Minimum value (Planck Time) | Minimum value (Planck Time) | Minimum value (Planck Time) | ${\frac {qta}{0.566660}}$ |

# The Bully Constants

A surprising number of earth's physical constants can be approximated using various algebraic combinations of the following three numbers (click here to learn more) with Bully Metric units.
One can efficiently approximate the Earth's sidereal year and tropical year to eight digits, and approximate the Earth's radius (r ≈ 6371), Schwarzschild radius (R), standard gravitational parameter (μ = MG ≈ 3.984e14), and a typical gravitational acceleration on earth's surface (g ≈ 9.813 ).
${1\,Sidereal\,Year}={1.033\,Zta}={31,558,150\,s}$
${1\,Tropical\,Year}=(1.033-0.00004)\,Zta-2\,s=31,556,926\,s$
$r_{earth}\approx {\frac {1\,Tla}{\sqrt {2\times 1.033}}}=6371\,km$
$R_{earth}\approx {\frac {kla}{1.033}}\approx {8.866\,mm}$
${\mu }_{earth}\approx {\frac {1}{2\times 1.033}}\,{\frac {kla^{3}}{kta^{2}}}\approx {398,400,000,000,000\,{\frac {m^{3}}{s^{2}}}}$
$g_{earth}\approx 1{\frac {Zla}{Zta^{2}}}\approx {9.813\,{\frac {m}{s^{2}}}}$
# Is German the language of bad people?
## German is the language of bad people
### Pro

* Pro German is the language of the mass-murderous Hitler and the German Nazis.
** Objection There are many other dictators and murderous groups which have spoke different languages.
* Pro German is the language of the pseudophilosophers Fichte, Schelling and Hegel.
** Objection These are not generally recognized as pseudo and bad people.
* Pro German is the language of Marx, one of the most dangerous men who ever lived, whose pseudophilosophy and pseudoeconomics has caused untold harm and still presents a tangible risk to the world.
** Objection That assessment of Marx is not generally accepted.
** Objection Even if we accept the above: if German is the language of thinkers, also bad thinkers are likely to end up using the language.
*** Objection English is also a language of thinkers, but one struggles to find anything as bad as Marx (or other culprits/suspects). (French, another language of thinkers, fares worse than English given all those post-modern pseudophilosophers.)
* Pro German is the language of the absolutist and rigid Austro-Hungarian empire, oppressing the poor non-German nations in it.
** Objection This seems very one-sided; one should be able to say good things about the empire.
* Pro German is the language of two of the three empires that partitioned the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 18th century, per Wikipedia:Partitions of Poland.

### Con

* Con German is the language of great poets (e.g. Goethe, Schiller, Rilke).
* Con German is the language of great literary authors (e.g. Goethe, Mann, Schiller).
* Con German is the language of great philosophers (e.g. Leibniz, Kant, Schopenhauer, Popper, Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle)
* Con German is the language of great mathematicians (e.g. Leibniz, Euler, Riemann, Gauss, Weierstrass, Cantor, Dedekind and Hilbert).
* Con German is the language of great logicians (e.g. Frege and Gödel)
* Con German is the language of great scientists (e.g. Kepler, Mendel, Einstein, Heisenberg, and Schrödinger).
* Con German is the language of great musicians (e.g. Mozart, Bach, Beethoven, Brams and Handel).
* Con German is a major language in Switzerland, the only (or one of very few?) world's direct democracy, where citizens really participate on the government.
* Con It isn't your choice what your first language is.
# Bully Metric Foundations

Bully Metric Main Page
* Slide 8 Notes (Bully Metric Timestamps)
* Slide 9 Notes
* Slide 10 Notes
* Slide 11 Notes (Bully Metric Astronomical Coordinates)
The Astronomical Foundations of Bully Metric (Google Sheets)

## Slide 9 Notes

The exact value of the Hubble constant is unknown ; consequently, the exact age of the Universe can not be determined, and it is impossible to determine the Bully Timestamp of the Big Bang. In the following statements, potential Big Bang timestamps are correlated with possible Hubble values.
If the Big Bang happened on Bully Timstamp 0000 0000 0000, then the hubble Constant is: 70.66 km/s/Mpc.
If the Big Bang happened on Bully Timstamp 0100 0000 0000, then the hubble Constant is: 71.21 km/s/Mpc.
If the Big Bang happened on Bully Timstamp 0200 0000 0000, then the hubble Constant is: 71.77 km/s/Mpc.

## Slide 10 Notes

When observed over a period of eight years (1996-2003), black hole Sagittarius A*, appeared to move (due to the orbit of the sun around the Milky-way) with a rate of six milli-arc-seconds per year.
At this rate, Sagittarius A* will move six arc-seconds every thousand years. It will move six arc-minutes in 60 thousand years, or one arc-minute every 10 thousand years. It will move one degree every 600 thousand years, ten degrees every 6 million years, and 180 degrees every 108 million years.
The motion is listed in Wikipedia as "approximately −2.70 mas per year for the right ascension and −5.6 mas per year for the declination" or a vector addition total of 6.22 milli-arc-seconds per year.
Unfortunately though, the direction of motion is not constant, as the sun tends to drift up and down in an arm of the Milky Way as it orbits. Slide 9 uses an approximate value (106 million years) for the sun to orbit 180 degrees, not counting up and down drifting motion.
# States and Capitals of the USA/Northeast
## The States of the Northeast Region

* New Jersey
* New York
* Massachusetts
* Rhode Island
* Connecticut
* Vermont
* New Hampshire
* Maine

## The Capitals and States of the Northeast Region

* Augusta. , Maine
* Albany, New York
* Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
* Trenton, New Jersey
* Boston, Massachusetts
* Providence, Rhode Island
* Hartford, Connecticut
* Montpelier, Vermont
* Concord, New Hampshire

## Visit other regions in the U.S. with us!

* States and Capitals of the USA/Southwest
* States and Capitals of the USA/Southeast
* States and Capitals of the USA/Midwest
* States and Capitals of the USA/West
# Should media hide names of mass shooters?

Some argue that publishing names of mass shooters contributes to motivation of other people to become mass shooters themselves to become famous and that this publishing is undesirable. Are they right?

## Media should hide names of mass shooters
### Pro

* Pro Publishing shooter names contributes to motivation of the shooters and their possible followers/imitators later. People often act with the motivation to make their names famous or notable, even if notable for a negative action.
* Pro Expanding on the above, Meindl and Ivy 2017 show media contribute to mass shooting immitation.
* Comment Media could hide the names temporarily if one believes that an imitation is most likely in the near future after the event.
** Comment That assumes that the imitation has anything to do with the name rather than the event.
** Comment Expanding on the above, the imitator cannot imitate the name; what they imitate are other event characteristics.
** Comment If the shooter seeked fame, they will have it anyway, even with their full name once enough time elapses.

### Con

* Con It is unclear what distinguishes mass shooters from other mass murderers or serial killers, e.g. dictators, whose names no one seriously proposes to be hidden. Rather, one of the most famous dictator's surname is a synonym for pure evil.
** Objection Most people are not in the position to imitate dictators, but many are in the position to imitate mass shooters. This bring out one salient difference.
*** Objection Point taken. However, it remains to clarify what differentiates mass shooters from mass murderers e.g. in healthcare, e.g. a killer nurse.
**** Objection A mass shooter typically reckons with becoming famous, whereas a mass or serial killer in healthcare typically tries to hide the crimes. Therefore, a serial killer in healthcare seems unlikely to be motivated by fame.
* Con Unless media censor the mass shooting itself, the shooter becomes famous or notable anyway, albeit not under their full name but rather under, e.g. the mass shooter in city so-and-so in year so-and-so. One would have to show that it is specifically the notoriety of the name that the shooters are interested in rather than a sense of having become important.
* Con Censoring these names will likely inspire people to specifically look out for the names of those who have done these actions and create some level of fame regardless of censorship. See Streisand effect.
# Colloquia

* Lesson I: Mercātūra
** Colloquium Prīmum:Inventārium Mātutīnum
** Colloquium Alterum: Negōtiātiō cum Clientibus
** Scaena Prima: Negōtium Subūrānum
* Lesson II: In Tōnstrīnā
** Scaena Prima:In Tōnstrīnā
* Lectio IV: Dē Futūrō
** Colloquium Alterum: Duumvir Novus et Scrība Expertus
** Colloquium Tertium: Duo scribae
** Scaena Prima: Candidatus et Civis
* Lectio VI: Thermopōlium Administrāns
** Colloquium Prīmum: Māne in Thermopōliō
** Colloquium Alterum: Emptōris Adventus
** Scaena Prīma: Querella Aedīlis
# Bully Metric Astronomical Coordinates

Bully Metric Main Page
* File:Bully Astronomical Coordinates.slide 6.svg
* File:Bully Astronomical Coordinates.slide 7.svg
* Slide 8 Notes (Bully Timestamps)
* Slide 9 Notes
* Slide 10 Notes
* Slide 11 Notes (Bully Metric Astronomical Coordinates)
# Cornish Language/Kernowek Onen/Lesson 1

In this lesson, you will learn:
Simple greetings
How to ask how people are
How to introduce yourself
Dedh da! / Hello!
CornishEnglish
Dydh da!Hello! / Good day!
Ha!Hello! / Hi!
Duwsonno!Hello!
Yow!Hi!
Hou, sos!Hi, mate!
Durda dhewghGood day to you
Myttin da!Good morning!
Dohajedh da!Good afternoon!
Gorthuher da!Good evening!
Pe hanow owgh why? / What is your name?
CornishEnglish
Pe hanow owgh why?What's your name?
Piw owgh?Who are you?
Maria ov veI'm Maria
Maria henwys ov veI'm called Maria
Ha why?And you?
Fatla genowgh whi? / How are you?
CornishEnglish
Fatla genowgh why?How are you?
Fatel erowgh why ow cul?How are you doing?
En poynt da, meur rasGood, thanks
Pur dha, meur rasVery well, thanks
Da lowrNot bad / OK
Ha why?And you?
Fatel ort agas honen?What about yourself?
Info: Fatla is used before a consonant, and Fatel before a vowel. They both mean "how".
Duw genowgh! / Goodbye!
CornishEnglish
Voyda'ma lebmynI'm off now
Duw genowgh!Goodbye!
Agas gweles!See you!
Benna'tuw genowgh!Farewell!
Lowena dhewgh!Happiness to you!
Bedhewgh lowenek!Be happy!
Nos da!Good night!
Anour!See you again!
Kemerewgh with!Take care!
Previous lesson
Next lesson
Course home
Department
Division :
# Boolf prop/3-ary/strength

Number of blocks: 4 Integer partition: 1⋅2 + 1⋅14 + 1⋅56 + 1⋅184
| # | strength | family size | block |
| 2 | 0 | 1 | [0, 255] |
| 184 | 3 | 8 | |
| 56 | 2 | 4 | [3, 5, 6, 9, 10, 12, 17, 18, 20, 24, 33, 34, 36, 40, 48, 63, 65, 66, 68, 72, 80, 95, 96, 111, 119, 123, 125, 126, 129, 130, 132, 136, 144, 159, 160, 175, 183, 187, 189, 190, 192, 207, 215, 219, 221, 222, 231, 235, 237, 238, 243, 245, 246, 249, 250, 252] |
| 14 | 1 | 2 | [15, 51, 60, 85, 90, 102, 105, 150, 153, 165, 170, 195, 204, 240] |
# Legion and cohort of Boolean functions

These properties are created from the truth table of a BF. The algorithm is illustrated in the images below. Legion uses a top left Sierpinski triangle. Cohort uses the corresponding pattern of negated Walsh functions (see Walsh matrix). True places in the truth table are dark columns in the matrix. The result is the separate column on the right. It has a dot in every row without dotless dark matrix fields.
examples for 1001 0000 :
| | 3-ary | 4-ary | result |
| legion | | | {0, 4} |
| cohort | | | {0, 3, 4, 7} |
Every cohort belongs to a legion. Cohorts correspond to seals. (The cohort of a seal corresponds to its antipode.)

## trivial

For most BF the result contains only the 0, which shall be called the trivial legion or cohort.

## special case contradiction

For the contradiction the result is the set of all non-negative integers. (That is because the AND with no arguments is true. Compare empty product.) That is not useful. The relationships with other properties suggest an adaptation: The result for the contradiction shall be the same as that of the AND of all negated arguments (which is twin of the tautology). With that changed definition these properties are soft, i.e. dependent on arity.
| | hard | soft |
| legion | legion gravity, legion weight, legion faction | soft legion soft gravity, soft legion weight, soft legion faction |
| cohort | cohort cohort faction depth, cohort weight | soft cohort soft cohort faction soft depth, soft cohort weight |
Hereafter the terms legion and cohort are used for the soft properties.

## weight

The weights of the resulting sets are always powers of two. Their exponents shall be called gravity and depth. (These are properties of seals, but have been generalized for all BF.)
The triangles Willow and Poplar show the number of BF by arity and these properties.

## relationships

Legion corresponds to twin atomvals, and gravity to twin valency.
There is a similar relationship for the cohort, but the key to it is not the twin. (So what is it?)
Cohort is related to symmetry neg, and depth to strength (the exponent of family size).
Two kinds of symmetry can be found in these matrices: Mirror symmetry along both diagonals, and 2-fold rotational symmetry.
symmetry :
| mirror | mirror | rotational Z (right) |
| T (left) | Z (right) | rotational Z (right) |
| atomvals, valency | legion, gravity | cohort, depth |
| symmetry neg, strength | legion, gravity | cohort, depth |

### integer partitions

symmetry neg :
| arity | partition |
| 1 | 2⋅2 |
| 2 | 4⋅2 + 1⋅8 |
| 3 | 8⋅2 + 7⋅8 + 1⋅184 |
| 4 | 16⋅2 + 35⋅8 + 15⋅184 + 1⋅62464 |
The counts (to the left of the multiplication dot) form triangle Oak, but with the left two columns merged. The sizes (to the right of the multiplication dot) form sequence Lily (with positive indices).