OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# UTPA STEM/CBI Courses/The Cell

Course Title: Biology
Lecture Topic: Animal and Plant Cell Structure Functions
Instructor: Joana A. Cordoba
Institution: South Texas College

## Backwards Design

Course Objectives
* Primary Objectives- By the next class period students will be able to:
** Identify the parts of an animal using slides and/or models
** Identify the parts of a plant using slides and/or models
** Identify unique organelles only found in animal or plant cells
* Sub Objectives- The objectives will require that students be able to:
** Identify the function of the organelles found in the animal cell
** Identify the function of the organelles found in the plant cell
** Describe everyday functions the cell performs
** Inter-relate the functions and structures involved
* Difficulties- Students may have difficulty:
** Recalling the biological organization: Organelle → Cell → Tissues → Organ → Organ Systems → Organism → etc.
** Distinguishing between animal and plant cells
** Relating some of the functions an organ or organism performs and how the cells support this function
** Remembering that cells are living architects that exchange information with their surroundings.
* Real-World Contexts- There are many ways that students can use this material in the real-world, such as:
** Determining what organelles are involved in the aerobic respiration
** Determining what organelles are involved in the photosynthesis process
** Understanding how proteins/enzymes are synthesized in the cells. Example) Lactase.
** Understanding proliferation and/or apoptosis
Model of Knowledge
* Concept Map
** text
** text
** text
* Content Priorities
** Enduring Understanding
*** text
*** text
*** text
** Important to Do and Know
*** text
*** text
*** text
** Worth Being Familiar with
*** text
*** text
*** text
Assessment of Learning
* Formative Assessment
** In Class (groups)
*** text
*** text
** Homework (individual)
*** Label the structure and functions of animal and plant worksheet
*** text
* Summative Assessment
** text
** text

## Legacy Cycle

OBJECTIVE
By the next class period, students will be able to:
* text
* text
* text
The objectives will require that students be able to:
* text
* text
* text
THE CHALLENGE
text
GENERATE IDEAS
text
MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES
text
RESEARCH & REVISE
text
TEST YOUR METTLE
text
GO PUBLIC
text

## Pre-Lesson Quiz

Various material can be tested here, depending on time constraints.

## Test Your Mettle Quiz

Various material can be tested here, depending on time constraints.
# UTPA STEM/CBI Courses/Thermodynamics/The First Law for Open Systems

Course Title: Thermodynamics I
Lecture Topic: The First Law for Open Systems
Instructor: Dr. Stephen Crown
Institution: UTPA

## Backwards Design

Course Objectives
* Primary Objectives- By the next class period students will be able to:
** Explain the concepts represented by each term of the first law.
** Know which form of the first law applies to various problems.
** Solve problems that require the first law.
* Sub Objectives- The objectives will require that students be able to:
** Understand basic algebra.
** Identify the appropriate system and determine if it is a closed system.
* Difficulties- Students may have difficulty:
** Selecting the appropriate system boundary.
** Relating information given in the problem to the terms in the equation.
** Determining the direction of work and heat transfer.
* Real-World Contexts- There are many ways that students can use this material in the real-world, such as:
** how engines work.
** how much pressure is needed for an airgun.
Model of Knowledge
* Concept Map
** text
** text
** text
* Content Priorities
** Enduring Understanding
*** text
*** text
*** text
** Important to Do and Know
*** text
*** text
*** text
** Worth Being Familiar with
*** text
*** text
*** text
Assessment of Learning
* Formative Assessment
** In Class (groups)
*** text
*** text
** Homework (individual)
*** text
*** text
* Summative Assessment
** text
** text

## Legacy Cycle

OBJECTIVE
By the next class period, students will be able to:
* text
* text
* text
The objectives will require that students be able to:
* text
* text
* text
THE CHALLENGE
text
GENERATE IDEAS
text
MULTIPLE PERSPECTIVES
text
RESEARCH & REVISE
text
TEST YOUR METTLE
text
GO PUBLIC
text

## Pre-Lesson Quiz

* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question

## Test Your Mettle Quiz

* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
* question
# UTPA STEM/CBI Courses Organized by STEM Category

Courses Organized by STEM Category
# UTPA STEM/CBI Courses Organized by STEM Category/Biology
## Courses

Anatomy and Physiology
Aquatic Entomology
Animal Parasitology
Botany
Comparative Embryology
Life Sciences, Survey of
Microbiology
Nutrition
Organic Chemistry

## Topics

Cancer Biology
The Cell
Surface Area to Volume Ratio
# United States Law/Trusts and Estates
## Policy and Introduction

The field of trusts and estates is vitally important to all lawyers.
Whether in their own lives or as an advocate, every lawyer will come into contact with the estate system. For students who go into this field, attorneys will plan, draft, and advise clients on the administration of wills and trusts. Practitioners who specialize in this field can expect to develop significant substantive experience in the complexities of estate planning, including the intricacies of state and federal wealth transfer taxation (i.e., gift, estate, and generation-skipping transfer (GST) taxation). Many estate planning practitioners go on to additional study in Master of Laws programs (LL.M.s) in taxation.
In the United States, the intent of an estate planning attorney is to ensure their client's intent is carried out after the client is incapacitated or dead.
The economical, psychological, sociological, and political implications for wealth transfer in this country are immensely important topics, but beyond the scope of this course. Additionally, although a brief introduction into the federal taxation of wealth transfers is discussed, the specifics and intricacies of the federal Internal Revenue Code are not evaluated in detail and are better to left to a course in federal estate and gift taxation.
The inequality of income and wealth within the United States has been steadily growing. Correspondingly, the subject of inequality has been an increasing focus for research in recent years. The sources, status, and projections of wealth inequality in the country have been fiercely debated.

### Policy Limitations on Testamentary Freedom
##### Estate of Shapira v. Union National Bank (Ohio Ct. C.P. 1974)

Ohio Court of Common Pleas, Mahoning County, Probate Division
N.E.2d 825, 39 Ohio Misc. 28, 66 Ohio Op. 2d (O.O.2d) 268
January 22, 1947
# United States Law/Tort/Additional material

Tort is a hard to define term.
Tort Law is a Blend of Common Law and Statutory Law
Common law (judge-made law) It is primarily state law and it may differ from state to state Modified and supplemented by statute Modified, for example, by statutory limitations on tort recovery (e.g., caps on damages) Supplemented, e.g., by Dram Shop and Wrongful Death Acts
Tort Law Replaced by Statutory Compensation Schemes
Sometimes tort law may be substantially limited or eliminated by statutory law, e.g. Workers’ compensation laws No-fault automobile insurance laws These tort reforms are limited, however Problems in defining the “compensable event”
The purpose of tort law?
Corrective justice (moral responsibility). Impose liability on persons who are at “fault” Achieve appropriate compensation for injured persons
Tort Law: Relationship to Criminal Law and Contract Law
Torts may arise out of conduct that is also subject to criminal penalties. A person may be subject to both civil and criminal penalties. Torts may a rise out of a breach of contract (e.g., breach of an express warranty that results in personal injury)
Torts and Fault
Why is Fault Required? If fault is not required, then the tort system becomes a state-financed compensation scheme. We would not be able to bear the expense of such a system.
Intentional Torts - some examples
Fault typically triggers the tort system.
Battery and assault Intentionally hitting or threatening to hit someone Intentional infliction of emotional distress Intentionally causing someone severe emotional distress Defamation Injuring someone’s reputation
Fraud and misrepresentation
Intentional interference with contractual relations
Intentional Torts – Additional Examples
Invasion of privacy Intentionally intruding in a private place or publicizing private facts about another person Fraud and misrepresentation Intentionally misstating the truth, where another person relies on the misrepresentation and incurs damage
Negligence - examples
Failing to exercise reasonable care in driving your car Failing to keep your property in a reasonably safe condition Failing to exercise reasonable care in manufacturing products Professional negligence, e.g. Medical or legal malpractice
Strict liability - examples
Abnormally dangerous activities (e.g., dynamite blasting or storage of toxic chemicals)
Sale of defective products
# United States currency

A currency (from Middle English: curraunt, "in circulation") in the most specific use of the word refers to money in any form when in actual use or circulation, as a medium of exchange, especially circulating paper money. This learning project is a collection of resources documenting United States currency.

## Resources

* 1¢
* 5¢
* 10¢
* 25¢
* 50¢
* 100¢, 2
* 100¢, 3
* $1 bill
* $2 bill
* $5 bill
* $10 bill
* $20 bill
* $50 bill
* $100 bill
* Fake denominations
* Large denominations
# Wikipedia studies/NPOV

The policy on Neutral Point of View has existed on Wikipedia almost since its creation. This policy has been said to be non-negotiable by Jimmy Wales.
* History of NPOV
* What is NPOV

## Related resources

* Wikiversity:Disclosures
# Wikipedia studies/Wikipedia Review

This usergroup is for Wikiversity participants who participate at Wikipedia Review

## Participants

* --SB_Johnny 18:36, 18 October 2009 (UTC)
* --Abd (discuss • contribs) 19:25, 24 August 2015 (UTC)

## About Wikipedia Review

w:Wikipedia Review
# Wikipedia studies

Welcome to the Wikiversity content development project for Wikipedia Studies.
How does Wikipedia work? How did it grow out of the Nupedia project? Where is it heading? What can younger wikis learn from Wikipedia?

## Learning projects

* Wikipedia - list of learning materials
* Wikipedia Wikiprojects - models for collaborative wiki editing
* Wikipedia culture - sociological studies of Wikipedia
* Discussions on Wikipedia - studies on how different points of view are dealt with
* Wikipedia administrators
* NPOV
* Fundraising - should advertisements be used to raise money?
* Ethical Management of the English Language Wikipedia
# Wikipedia studies/Wikipedia administrators

Wikipedia Administrators are described as "Wikipedians to whom the community gives access to technical features that help with maintenance". However, administrator abuse has been an important issue on Wikipedia, causing some editors to leave.
# Wikiphilosophers/Consciousness/S. Perquin

Because you are aware of yourself and your environment, your consciousness exists. Your consciousness is that which causes you to be aware that you exist. You cannot dissect your consciousness - it is not reducible to matter or energy. Consciousness is something that one will never be able to perceive or measure, but can only experience.
Since matter and energy are everywhere in the universe, just as natural laws are universal, this should mean that consciousness too should be everywhere. It would not make sense for consciousness to be something purely human or earthly rather than something universal. Therefore, a cosmic consciousness should exist from which all individual consciousnesses originate.
Since nothing can arise from nothing and everything there is must have always been there in some form, consciousness must also be eternal because it exists. This would mean that consciousness must continue to exist after death and you must be able to continue to experience something. Even before you were born, you should have experienced something. This must also mean that one is limited in this life to be able to know things because one does not remember where one was before birth.
# Adobe Photoshop/Healing Brush Tools

There are two types
* Spot Healing Brush tool is used to remove blemishes, marks and small objects from an image.
* Healing Brush tool is used to repair any imperfection in an image by painting with a sample or pattern.
# Adobe Photoshop/Eraser Tool

Almost everyone knows what an eraser does. It removes a section of a picture. It can be very easy to use if used basically, or very complicated if used to its full potential.

### The Tool

Start by clicking the eraser tool . Then scroll over to the Image and click + drag to remove portions of the image. It can be that simple.

### Complicated Options

You already have seen how to use the basic eraser. But this tool can do much more then just remove squares.

#### Mode

The mode option sets the eraser to act as a block, a brush, or a pencil. A block acts as a simple square eraser, a brush acts a brush with varying opacity, and a pencil acts as a 1px*1px eraser.

##### Brush

The brush, unlike the other options, requires a little more explanation. Next to "Mode" you will see the "Brush" option. This allows you to set the shape. This is explained further in the Brush lesson.

#### Opacity

This sets how much it erases off the picture. at 100%, it removes everything it touches, and at 0% it removes nothing.
# Adobe Photoshop/Gradient Tool

The Gradient Tool is the more complicated brother of the Paint Bucket Tool. It works by having one color of fill fade into the other. It has many features, and we will only cover the most common here.

#### The Tool

Right click on the paintbucket button and click on "Gradient Tool". Now, set your background and foreground colors. Click and hold were you want the gradient to begin and move your mouse to were you want it to end. Then let go of the mouse button. you should now have a basic gradient.

#### More Advanced gradient use
##### Picked Colors

Right click on the picture of a gradient on the top of the screen (Under "Photoshop") and you should get a menu. Click on one of the stoppers on either side of the gradient and pick your color or click one of the options above it. then click ok.

##### Gradient type

You can also change how the gradient acts. Look to the right of the picture off the gradient and you will see 5 or so pictures. These change how the gradient acts. The picture gives a pretty good idea of what it will change.
# Adobe Photoshop/Crop Tool

Crop tool is used to constrain an area within an image or image itself to a specified ratio. When we click the crop tool the width and height options for the selected marquee is displayed in the info palette, where you can specify your requirement.
# Adobe Photoshop/Direct Selection Tool

Direct Selection Tool is used to select, move or modify paths or shapes. With this tool you can select individual Anchor points in a path/shape and manipulate it.
Paths and shapes can be created with the Pen Tool. The following tools also can be used to create paths and shapes:
* Rectangle Tool
* Rounded Rectangle Tool
* Ellipse Tool
* Line Tool
* Custom Shapes Tool
# Adobe Photoshop/Drawing and Adding Text

Welcome everybody, to this course about drawing in Photoshop, and adding text as well.
DRAWING –––––––––
This is fairly simple. Select the Marker tool and add content to the canvas.
ADDING TEXT –––––––––––––
Select the Text tool, place the text field where you want it, and apply text.
# BCP/Hibiscus syriacus/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Hibiscus syriacus (Garden Hibiscus). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* SB Johnny-LM 12:52, 18 July 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:40, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:29, 20 August 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:38, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:53, 20 July 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Hieracium

Hieracium
| Search for Hieracium on commons) Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Hieracium (Hawkweeds) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 16:10, 27 May 2008 (UTC) (H. pratense/H. caespitosum) --Juan Pisek 16:39, 29 June 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: May South Bohemia, Czech Republic: (jestřábník) June
Additional images:
# BCP/Hieracium/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Hieracium (Hawkweeds). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 16:10, 27 May 2008 (UTC) (H. pratense/H. caespitosum)
* --Juan Pisek 16:39, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Hibiscus syriacus

Hibiscus syriacus
| Flowers Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Hibiscus syriacus (Garden Hibiscus) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Tree or shrubFoliage:Simple, lobedFruit:Dry capsules Recent Logs SB Johnny-LM 12:52, 18 July 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:40, 1 August 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:29, 20 August 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 11:38, 3 September 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:53, 20 July 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) July, August, September
Additional images:
# BCP/Hibiscus trionum

Hibiscus trionum
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Hibiscus trionum (Flower-of-an-hour) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny 09:29, 11 August 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 09:11, 5 September 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 13:38, 5 October 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: August, September, October
Additional images:
# BCP/Hibiscus trionum/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Hibiscus trionum (Flower-of-an-hour). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny 09:29, 11 August 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 09:11, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 13:38, 5 October 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Hibiscus moscheutos/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Hibiscus moscheutos (Rose Mallow). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 09:26, 31 July 2008 (UTC) (cv. 'Kopper King', blooming about a week)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:13, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 09:20, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Hibiscus rosa-sinensis

Hibiscus rosa-sinensis
| Hibiscus rosa-sinensis, flower & foliage Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Red Hibiscus) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs Isildil 20:09, 28 July 2007 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data:
Additional images:
# BCP/Hibiscus rosa-sinensis/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Hibiscus rosa-sinensis (Red Hibiscus). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* Isildil 20:09, 28 July 2007 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Hieracium aurantiaca

Hieracium aurantiaca
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Hieracium aurantiaca (Orange Hawkweed) Identifying Characteristics Habit:ForbFlowers:Central disk with outside rays (like a dandelion). Similar to other Hieracium, but flower is deep orange.Foliage:Basal rosette of elliptical to lanceolate leaves 5–20 cm long and 1–3 cm broad.Stem:The stem and leaves are covered with short stiff hairs (trichomes), usually blackish in color. The stems may reach a height of 60 cm and have 2–25 capitula (flowerheads), each 1–2½ cm diameter, bundled together at the end of short pedicels.Similar Plants:H. pratense Recent Logs Jomegat 23:37, 30 May 2010 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: New Hampshire: (invasive or naturalized) May, June
Additional images: