OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Applying definite integrals

For a discussion on the basic theory of integrals see: w:Riemann sum
Imagine an object ${\mathcal {O}}$ that is free to move in one dimension — say, along the $x$ axis. Like every physical object, it has a more or less fuzzy position (relative to whatever reference object we choose). For the purpose of describing its fuzzy position, quantum mechanics provides us with a probability density $\rho (x).$ This depends on actual measurement outcomes, and it allows us to calculate the probability of finding the particle in any given interval of the $x$ axis, provided that an appropriate measurement is made.
We call $\rho (x)$ a probability density because it represents a probability per unit length. The probability of finding ${\mathcal {O}}$ in the interval between $x_{1}$ and $x_{2}$ is given by the area $A$ between the graph of $\rho (x),$ the $x$ axis, and the vertical lines at $x_{1}$ and $x_{2},$ respectively. How do we calculate this area? The trick is to cover it with narrow rectangles of width $\Delta x.$
The area of the first rectangle from the left is $\rho (x_{1}+\Delta x)\,\Delta x,$ the area of the second is $\rho (x_{1}+2\,\Delta x)\,\Delta x,$ and the area of the last is $\rho (x_{1}+12\,\Delta x)\,\Delta x.$ For the sum of these areas we have the shorthand notation
    $\sum _{k=1}^{12}\rho (x+k\,\Delta x)\,\Delta x.$
It is not hard to visualize that if we increase the number $N$ of rectangles and at the same time decrease the width $\Delta x$ of each rectangle, then the sum of the areas of all rectangles fitting under the graph of $\rho (x)$ between $x_{1}$ and $x_{2}$ gives us a better and better approximation to the area $A$ and thus to the probability of finding ${\mathcal {O}}$ in the interval between $x_{1}$ and $x_{2}.$ As $\Delta x$ tends toward 0 and $N$ tends toward infinity ($\infty$), the above sum tends toward the integral
    $\int _{x_{1}}^{x_{2}}\rho (x)\,dx.$
We sometimes call this a definite integral to emphasize that it's just a number. (As you can guess, there are also indefinite integrals, about which more later.) The uppercase delta has turned into a $d$ indicating that $dx$ is an infinitely small (or infinitesimal) width, and the summation symbol (the uppercase sigma) has turned into an elongated S indicating that we are adding infinitely many infinitesimal areas.
Don't let the term "infinitesimal" scare you. An infinitesimal quantity means nothing by itself. It is the combination of the integration symbol $\textstyle \int$ with the infinitesimal quantity $dx$ that makes sense as a limit, in which $N$ grows above any number however large, $dx$ (and hence the area of each rectangle) shrinks below any (positive) number however small, while the sum of the areas tends toward a well-defined, finite number.
# Appreciative Inquiry/Orientation/more

More orientation ...
# Appropedia

Appropedia is a site for collaborative solutions in sustainability, poverty reduction and international development, with a particular focus on appropriate technology.

## Appropedia as a pedagogical tool

Appropedia is increasingly being used to improve the pedagogy of service learning
Appropedia can be used to:
* integrate sustainability and development studies into language courses
* provide useful content for translation for language courses
* provide a design forum for engineering courses
* coordinate an online course
* encourage collaboration on documents within a course
Appropedia can be a valuable learning resource.

## Examples of service learning projects

* Appropedia: Arcata Marsh - a natural wastewater treatment system, documented publicly for the first time.
* Appropedia: Global Health Medical Device Compendium, begun in 2011 and [ns.umich.edu/new/releases/20346-global-health-students-build-wiki-of-medical-devices-designed-for-low-income-countries announced] in April 2012, already with many documented technologies.
# Appreciative Inquiry/Preparation

No pre-requisites, but it might be interesting to browse the AI Commons and/or see what Wikipedia has to say about AI.
# Appreciative Inquiry/Preparation/more

more recommended preparation ...
# Appreciative Inquiry/Resources

* Appreciative Inquiry
* the coevolutionary search for the best in people, their organizations, and the relevant world around them (AI Commons).
* Home
* Activities
* Resources
* Community
* Links
* AI Commons
* Center for Appreciative Inquiry

## Books etc.

* Locating the energy for change: An introduction to appreciative inquiry
# Approximation/Cauchy principle/Exercise

Discuss the Cauchy principle of approximation: If, applying a method of approximations, the approximations do not get much better anymore, thought the effort is increased, then the reason is probably that we are close to the truth. Consider mathematical and and non-mathematical examples and counter-examples.
# Appreciative Inquiry/Tips

* Navigation
* Educators
* Learners
# Appreciative Inquiry/Tips/more

more hints for getting started ...
# Appropriate technology

Appropriate technology is technology chosen in a way to be sensitive to its context of use.
Appropriate technology is generally considered to be that which is designed with the user in mind, and is often small-scale, often labor-intensive, energy-efficient, sustainable, and amenable to local maintenance and control.
The term "intermediate technology" was used by the economist Dr. E.F. Schumacher in his pioneering work, w:Small is Beautiful.

## Appropriate technology resources for education

Appropedia is an active "sustainability wiki" with a focus on appropriate technology and developing country contexts.
* The Appropriate technology category has many pages, but the wiki as a whole (with 5000 pages) tends to view technologies, techniques, policies etc through the lens of appropriateness to the context and to the environment, i.e. appropriate technology.
* Permaculture is a growing focus of Appropedia. Permaculture this is an approach to food production and living which includes a major focus on appropriate technology.
* Various university classes use Appropedia as a platform for students to document their projects or to post their written project. This includes ENGR305 Appropriate Technology at Humboldt State University in Northern California, among others.
* A teacher's guide describes how to use Appropedia with your class.
Wikipedia has an appropriate technology category.
# Cloud Administration/Introduction

Introduction

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the introduction portion of CompTIA Cloud+ certification include:
1.1 Given a scenario, analyze system requirements to ensure successful system deployment.
* Appropriate commands, structure, tools, and automation/orchestration as needed
* Platforms and applications
* Interaction of cloud components and services
** Network components
** Application components
** Storage components
** Compute components
** Security components
* Interaction of non-cloud components and services
* Baselines
* Target hosts
* Existing systems
* Cloud architecture
* Cloud elements/target objects
1.3 Given a scenario, analyze system requirements to determine if a given testing plan is appropriate.
* Underlying environment considerations included in the testing plan
** Shared components
*** Storage
*** Compute
*** Network
** Production vs. development vs. QA
** Sizing
** Performance
** High availability
** Connectivity
** Data integrity
** Proper function
** Replication
** Load balancing
** Automation/orchestration
* Testing techniques
** Vulnerability testing
** Penetration testing
** Load testing
1.4 Given a scenario, analyze testing results to determine if the testing was successful in relation to given system requirements.
* Consider success factor indicators of the testing environment
** Sizing
** Performance
** Availability
** Connectivity
** Data integrity
** Proper functionality
* Document results
* Baseline comparisons
* SLA comparisons
* Cloud performance fluctuation variables
# Cloud9 IDE/Python

Cloud9 may be used for Python development, but by default the Python3 interpreter is 3.4.3. You can check the Python3 version by running the following command in a new terminal window:
To install a more recent version of Python3, visit https://www.python.org/downloads/ and identify the specific release you want to install. The following terminal commands install Python 3.6.8.
Then configure Cloud9 Python Support:
* Open Preferences
* Select Python Support
* Change Python Version to Python 3
* Add :/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages to the end of the Python path
* Close Preferences
Test the Python version from a terminal window:
Test the Python version with a new Python program:
# Cloud9 IDE/Swift

Cloud9 may be for Swift development, but by default the Swift development environment is not installed. This is indicated by the following error when running a .swift file:
    bash: line 1: ...: No such file or directory
To install Swift, enter the following commands at the bash prompt. If you don't see a bash prompt, open a New Terminal window.
Then add a new runner for Swift files with the following configuration. Save the new runner as Swift.run:

## See Also

* Swift.org: Download Swift
* Cloud9: Add Swift
* Cloud9: Custom Runners
# Cloud Administration

Cloud computing is the on-demand availability of computer system resources, especially data storage (cloud storage) and computing power, without direct active management by the user.
This course comprises x lessons covering cloud administration. Each lesson includes a combination of Wikipedia readings, YouTube videos, and hands-on learning activities. The course also assists learners in preparing for CompTIA Cloud+ certification.

## Preparation

This is a fourth-semester college-level course. Learners should already be familiar with computer networking, Windows Server Administration and/or Linux Administration concepts, and cloud essentials.

## Lessons

* Introduction
* Deployment
* Security
* Operations
* Recovery
* Management
* Performance
* Troubleshooting

## See Also

* Cloud Computing
* Wikipedia: Cloud computing
# Cloud Administration/Security

Security

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the security portion of CompTIA Cloud+ certification include:
2.1 Given a scenario, apply security configurations and compliance controls to meet given cloud infrastructure requirements.
* Company security policies
* Apply security standards for the selected platform
* Compliance and audit requirements governing the environment
** Laws and regulations as they apply to the data
* Encryption technologies
** IPSec
** SSL/TLS
** Other ciphers
* Key and certificate management
** PKI
* Tunneling protocols
** L2TP
** PPTP
** GRE
* Implement automation and orchestration processes as applicable
* Appropriate configuration for the applicable platform as it applies to compute
** Disabling unneeded ports and services
** Account management policies
** Host-based/software firewalls
** Antivirus/anti-malware software
** Patching
** Deactivating default accounts
2.2 Given a scenario, apply the appropriate ACL to the target objects to meet access requirements according to a security template.
* Authorization to objects in the cloud
** Processes
** Resources
*** Users
*** Groups
*** System
*** Compute
*** Networks
*** Storage
** Services
* Effect of cloud service models on security implementations
* Effect of cloud deployment models on security implementations
* Access control methods
** Role-based administration
** Mandatory access controls
** Discretionary access controls
** Non-discretionary access controls
** Multifactor authentication
** Single sign-on
2.3 Given a cloud service model, implement defined security technologies to meet given security requirements.
* Data classification
* Concepts of segmentation and micro-segmentation
** Network
** Storage
** Compute
* Use encryption as defined
* Use multifactor authentication as defined
* Apply defined audit/compliance requirements
2.4 Given a cloud service model, apply the appropriate security automation technique to the target system.
* Tools
** APIs
** Vendor applications
** CLI
** Web GUI
** Cloud portal
* Techniques
** Orchestration
** Scripting
** Custom programming
* Security services
** Firewall
** Antivirus/anti-malware
** IPS/IDS
** HIPS
* Impact of security tools to systems and services
** Scope of impact
* Impact of security automation techniques as they relate to the criticality of systems
** Scope of impact
# Cloud Administration/Management

Management

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the management portion of CompTIA Cloud+ certification include:
4.1 Given a scenario, analyze defined metrics to determine the presence of an abnormality and/or forecast future needed cloud resources.
* Monitoring
** Target object baselines
** Target object anomalies
** Common alert methods/messaging
** Alerting based on deviation from baseline
** Event collection
* Event correlation
* Forecasting resource capacity
** Upsize/increase
** Downsize/decrease
* Policies in support of event collection
* Policies to communicate alerts appropriately
4.2 Given a scenario, determine the appropriate allocation of cloud resources.
* Resources needed based on cloud deployment models
** Hybrid
** Community
** Public
** Private
* Capacity/elasticity of cloud environment
* Support agreements
** Cloud service model
maintenance responsibility
* Configuration management tool
* Resource balancing techniques
** Advisory board
** Approval process
** Document actions taken
*** CMDB
*** Spreadsheet
4.3 Given a scenario, determine when to provision/deprovision cloud resources.
* Usage patterns
* Cloud bursting
** Auto-scaling technology
* Cloud provider migrations
* Extending cloud scope
* Application life cycle
** Application deployment
** Application upgrade
** Application retirement
** Application replacement
** Application migration
** Application feature use
*** Increase/decrease
* Business need change
** Mergers/acquisitions/divestitures
** Cloud service requirement changes
** Impact of regulation and law changes
4.4 Given a scenario, implement account provisioning techniques in a cloud environment to meet security and policy requirements.
* Identification
* Authentication methods
** Federation
*** Single sign-on
* Authorization methods
** ACLs
** Permissions
* Account life cycle
* Account management policy
** Lockout
** Password complexity rules
* Automation and orchestration activities
** User account creation
** Permission settings
** Resource access
** User account removal
** User account disablement
# Cloud Administration/Operations

Operations

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the operations portion of CompTIA Cloud+ certification include:
3.1 Given a cloud service model, determine the appropriate methodology to apply given patches.
* Scope of cloud elements to be patched
** Hypervisors
** Virtual machines
** Virtual appliances
** Networking components
** Applications
** Storage components
** Clusters
* Patching methodologies and standard operating procedures
** Production vs. development vs. QA
** Rolling update
** Blue-green deployment
** Failover cluster
* Use order of operations as it pertains to elements that will be patched
* Dependency considerations
3.2 Given a scenario, apply the appropriate automation tools to update cloud elements.
* Types of updates
** Hotfix
** Patch
** Version update
** Rollback
* Automation workflow
** Runbook management
*** Single node
** Orchestration
*** Multiple nodes
*** Multiple runbooks
* Activities to be performed by automation tools
** Snapshot
** Cloning
** Patching
** Restarting
** Shut down
** Maintenance mode
** Enable/disable alerts
3.3 Given a scenario, apply an appropriate backup or restore method.
* Backup types
** Snapshot/redirect-on-write
** Clone
** Full
** Differential
** Incremental
** Change block/delta tracking
* Backup targets
** Replicas
** Local
** Remote
* Other considerations
** SLAs
** Backup schedule
** Configurations
** Objects
** Dependencies
** Online/offline
# Cloud Administration/Performance

Performance

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the performance portion of CompTIA Cloud+ certification include:
4.5 Given a scenario, analyze deployment results to confirm they meet the baseline.
* Procedures to confirm results
** CPU usage
** RAM usage
** Storage utilization
** Patch versions
** Network utilization
** Application version
** Auditing enable
** Management tool compliance
4.6 Given a specific environment and related data (e.g., performance, capacity, trends), apply appropriate changes to meet expected criteria.
* Analyze performance trends
* Refer to baselines
* Refer to SLAs
* Tuning of cloud target objects
** Compute
** Network
** Storage
** Service/application resources
* Recommend changes to meet expected performance/capacity
** Scale up/down (vertically)
** Scale in/out (horizontally)
4.7 Given SLA requirements, determine the appropriate metrics to report.
* Chargeback/showback models
** Reporting based on company policies
** Reporting based on SLAs
* Dashboard and reporting
** Elasticity usage
** Connectivity
** Latency
** Capacity
** Overall utilization
** Cost
** Incidents
** Health
** System availability
*** Uptime
*** Downtime
# Cloud Administration/Recovery

Recovery

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the recovery portion of CompTIA Cloud+ certification include:
3.4 Given a cloud-based scenario, apply appropriate disaster recovery methods. DR capabilities of a cloud service provider
* Other considerations
** SLAs for DR
** RPO
** RTO
** Corporate guidelines
** Cloud service provider guidelines
** Bandwidth or ISP limitations
** Techniques
** Site mirroring
** Replication
** File Transfer
** Archiving
** Third-party sites
3.5 Given a cloud-based scenario, apply the appropriate steps to ensure business continuity.
* Business continuity plan
** Alternate sites
** Continuity of operations
** Connectivity
** Edge sites
** Equipment
** Availability
** Partners/third parties
* SLAs for BCP and HA
3.6 Given a scenario, apply the appropriate maintenance automation technique to the target objects.
* Maintenance schedules
* Impact and scope of maintenance tasks
* Impact and scope of maintenance automation techniques
* Include orchestration as appropriate
* Maintenance automation tasks
** Clearing logs
** Archiving logs
** Compressing drives
** Removing inactive accounts
** Removing stale DNS entries
** Removing orphaned resources
** Removing outdated rules from firewall
** Removing outdated rules from security
** Resource reclamation
** Maintain ACLs for the target object
# Caregiving and dementia/Projects/Development of curriculum content for clinical placement in palliative care of people with dementia
## Overview

This project developed curriculum content for a clinical placement in residential aged care focused on palliative care and dementia.

## More information

* TBA
# Caregiving and dementia/Projects/Evidence-based assessment and management of behaviours associated with dementia
## Overview

The purpose of this project is to develop and deliver a distance education course incorporating professional development and post-graduate content regarding evidence-based assessment and management of behaviours associated with dementia.

## More information

* TBA
# Caregiving and dementia/Projects/Development, delivery and evaluation of education content on the topic of diagnosing dementia for GPs
## Overview

This project developed, delivered and evaluated a comprehensive dementia education program for GPs.

## More information

* TBA
# Caregiving and dementia/Projects/Development, delivery and evaluation of education content on the topic of diagnosing dementia for practice nurses, ACAT clinicians and community nurses
## Overview

This project involved the development, delivery and evaluation of intensive education to practice nurses, community nurses and ACAT clinicians.

## More information

* TBA
# Caregiving and dementia/Projects/Diagnosing dementia – Northern Territory
## Overview

This project built upon the National diagnosing dementia project however was focussed on the specific issues of diagnosing dementia in the Northern Territory. A focus on supporting regional and remote diagnosis and understanding how to use the Kimberly Indigenous Cognitive Assessment (KICA) tool was a key component of this project.

## More information

* TBA
# Caregiving and dementia/Projects/E-ageing
## Overview

"e-Ageing: An online interactive, case based, interprofessional self-directed suite of learning modules including dementia" is an online training resource developed by the Western Australian Centre for Health and Ageing (WACHA) and partially funded by the WA Dementia Training Study Centre in Australia.

## More information

* See http://e-ageing.wacha.org.au
# Caregiving and dementia/Projects/Establishment and development of a dementia care wiki
## Overview

This project developed an open, online platform for sharing knowledge about key aspects of psycho-social care of people with dementia from a wide range of disciplines including nursing, psychology, architecture, interior design, exercise physiology and dietetics. Emphasis was placed on fostering the communication of new knowledge from the researcher to the practitioner by providing overviews and links to more information about each of the DTSC National Priority Area projects 2011-2013.
The project sought to:
* Provide a growing body of current information on many aspects of the care of people with dementia.
* Contribute to the establishment of the community of interest essential to all KT strategies by involving many practitioners in providing, reading, monitoring and, hopefully, using current information.
* Provide international access to the views of Australian practitioners
This project was inspired by a wiki page submitted as one of the 100+ entries in the NSW/ACT DTSC sponsored University of Canberra essay competition. It illustrates the quality, ease of use and attractiveness of this form of information dissemination. This project established a wiki containing evidence-based information on a wide variety of topics related to the care of people with dementia (e.g. environmental design, creative activities, psycho-social interventions, assistive technology).
Health-related wikis are emerging as sources of information, e.g. cancer, depression and anxiety, and broadly-based wikis like ageing well in the UK. However there is only one dementia wiki available online which holds general information on dementia and is aimed at supporting people with dementia and their carers.
This is an innovative project designed to address the need for information about caregiving and dementia that is:-
* Multi-disciplinary
* Easily accessed
* Able to be kept up to date
* Focused on the needs of practitioners
* Capable of providing feedback to researchers on the relevance of their work and on gaps in knowledge
* Capable of contributing to the development of a community of interest that will engage a wide variety of practitioners and researchers in sharing their views and information.
* Capable of serving the Special Needs Target Groups by providing easy access to specialist, current information.
* Capable of facilitating the engagement of aged and health care staff in regional, rural and remote areas in the knowledge transfer process.
* Openly licensed and openly editable

## More information

* Caregiving and dementia
* Caregiving and dementia wiki project (dtsc.com.au)