OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cirrus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CIRRUS. Properly, a lock of curly hair, growing in a full and natural curl, as contradistinguished from Cincinnus, a ringlet or twisted curl, mostly made with the irons; such, for instance, as was natural to the youth of Greece, before they attained the age of manhood, when their locks were cut off, and dedicated to some deity (Varro, ap. Non. s. v. p. 94.); or to the Germans (Juv. Sat. xiii. 164.) and Gauls, who were distinguished amongst the ancients for the abundance and beauty of their hair, and, consequently, in all works of art, are universally characterized by this property. See the illustration, s. COMATUS.
2. Cirrus in vertice (μαλλòς ἀθλητοῦ, Gloss. Vet.) A tuft of hair drawn up all round the head, and tied into a bunch on the occiput, as was the practice of athletes, wrestlers, boxers, &c., in order to avoid being seized by the hair in the heat of contest, as exhibited in the illustration (Cirrus/2.1), from a bas-relief in the Vatican, representing a pair of Pancratiastae. The example likewise explains a passage of Suetonius (Nero, 45.), in which it is related, that during the insurrection of Vindex, and while the city of Rome was suffering severely from famine, a vessel arrived from Alexandria, which, instead of being laden with grain, only brought a cargo of fine sand for the use of the athletes maintained by the emperor. The population, enraged at this, fastened a tuft of hair (cirrus in vertice) on the top of all his statues, with a pasquinade below in Greek characters, alluding to the insurrection of Vindex, and thus implying that the emperor, as an athlete, was about to commence a contest in which he would be worsted.
3. The forelock of a horse, when tied up into a tuft at the top of his head, as in the example (Cirrus/3.1), from a Pompeian painting, instead of being left to fall over his forehead, when it was called capronae. Veget. Vet. iv. 2.
4. The fetlock tuft of a horse. Veget. Vet. ii. 28. Id. iv. 1.
5. The topknot, or tuft upon the heads of certain birds. Plin. H. N. xi. 4.
6. A tuft of flowers, which grow in close bunches or tufts. Plin. H. N. xxvi. 20.
7. The arms of the polypus, which are divided into numerous feelers, like a bunch of hair. Plin. H. N. xxvi. 37.
8. The fringe on a piece of cloth (Phaedr. ii. 5. 13.), which was produced by leaving the ends of the warp threads upon the cloth after it was taken from the loom, instead of cutting them off. The example (Cirrus/8.1) is from a Pompeian painting; and compare the article and illustration s. Tela recta.
* Cirrus/2.1
* Cirrus/3.1
* Cirrus/8.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cisiarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CISIA'RIUM. A manufactory where gigs (cisia) were built. Inscript. ap. Fabrett. p. 91. 179.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cisiarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CISIA'RIUS. One who builds gigs (cisia). Inscript. ap. Mur. p. 979. 6. p. 108. 4.
2. The driver of a hired gig (cisium), like our cab driver. Ulp. Dig. 19. 2. 13.) See the next wood-cut, and observe that the driver sits on the near side, which is still the practice in Italy.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cisium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CIS'IUM. A light two-wheeled chaise or gig (Non. s. v. p. 86.), employed by the Romans as a public and private conveyance, when rapidity of transit was required. (Cic. Phil. ii. 31. Id. Rosc. Am. 7. Virg. Catal. viii. 3.) It carried two persons, the driver and another, was open in front, and furnished with shafts, to which one, or sometimes two, outriggers (Auson. Ep. viii. 6. cisio trijugi), were occasionally added, as is still the practice in the Neapolitan calessin. Most of these particulars are shown in the example (Cisium/1.1), copied from a bas-relief on the monument at Igel; but which is incorrectly given in the English edition of Wyttenbach's Treves, where the outrigger is omitted.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cisorium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CISO'RIUM. A sharp cutting instrument employed by veterinaries. Veget. Vet. ii. 22.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cissybium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CISSYB'IUM (κισσύβιον). A Grecian drinking bowl, with a handle; originally made of ivy wood, but, subsequently, distinguished by a wreath of ivy leaves and berries carved upon it. Macrob. Sat. v. 21. Theocr. Id. i. 27.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cistellatrix

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CISTELLA'TRIX. A female slave, who had charge of her mistress's clothes, trinkets, &c. kept in a cista. Plaut. Trin. ii. 1. 30.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cistella

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CISTELLA (κιστίς). A small CISTA. Plaut. Cist. iv. 1. 3. Ter. Eun. iv. 6. 15.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cistellula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CISTELL'ULA. A very small cista; diminutive of CISTELLA. Plaut. Rud. ii. 3. 60.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cisterna

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CISTER'NA. An artificial tank or reservoir, sunk in the ground, and frequently covered in with a roof (Varro, R. R. i. 11.), for the purpose of collecting and preserving good water for the use of a household. (Columell. i. 5. Pallad. i. 17.) It differs from our "cisterns," which are above ground; and from a "well" (puteus), which is supplied by springs.
2. Cisterna frigidaria. Perhaps an ice house. Pet. Sat. 73. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cistifer

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CIS'TIFER. One who carries a cista, box, or burden; a porter. Mart. Ep. v. 17.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cistula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CIS'TULA. Diminutive of CISTA. Plaut. Amph. i. 1. 264.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cithara

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CITH'ARA (κιθάρα, κίθαρις). A stringed instrument of very great antiquity, resembling in form the human chest and neck (Isidor. Orig. ii. 3. 22.), and so corresponding with our guitar, a term which comes to us through the Italian chitarra; the Roman c and Italian ch having the same sound as the greek κ. The illustration (Cithara/1.1) here introduced, from an ancient bas-relief preserved in the hospital of St. John in Lateran at Rome, agrees so closely with the description which Isidorus gives of the instrument, as to leave little doubt that it preserves the real form of the cithara, in the strict and original sense of that word; although it may have been sometimes applied by the Greek poets in a less special or determinate meaning. See also the two following words and illustrations (CITHARISTA, CITHARISTRIA).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Citharista

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CITHARIS'TA (κιθαριστής). One who plays upon the cithara, or guitar. (Cic. Phil. v. 6.) Homer describes the manner in which the player held this instrument by saying that it was placed upon the arm (ἐπωλένιον κιθαρίζων. Hymn. Merc. 432.), as shown by the annexed wood-cut (Citharista/1.1), representing an Egyptian citharista, from the tombs at Thebes. It affords also a further confirmation that the character ascribed to the cithara in the last article is the correct one, and will likewise serve as an authority for correcting the false reading ὑπολένιον in the same hymn (v. 507.). It was sometimes suspended across the shoulders by a balteus (Apul. Flor. ii. 15. 2. and next wood-cut), and, like the lyre, was occassionally struck with the plectrum, instead of the fingers. Hom. l. c. 498.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Citharistria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CITHARIS'TRIA (κιθαριστρία, κιθαριστρίς). A female player upon the cithara or guitar. (Terent. Ph. i. 2. 32. and compare CITHARISTA.) These women were frequently introduced, together with dancing and singing girls, to amuse the guests at an entertainment; and the figure in the engraving (Citharistria/1.1), from a tomb at Thebes in Egypt, is evidently intended to represent a character of that description, as is apparent from the attention bestowed upon the decoration of her person, the hair, earrings, necklace, bracelets on the arms and wrists, the shoes, and transparent drapery.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Citharoeda

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CITHAROE'DA. A female who plays the cithara, and at the same time accompanies it with her voice. Inscript. ap. Grut. 654. 2. ap. Mur. 941. 1. and compare CITHARISTRIA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Citharoedus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CITHAROED'US (κιθαρῳδός). One who plays upon the cithara, and sings at the same time. Quint. i. 12. 3. Id. iv. 1. 2. Cic. Mur. 13. and compare CITHARISTA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Clabulare

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLABULA'RE, or CLAVULA'RE, sc. vehiculum. A large cart, with open sides made of rails (clavulae or clavolae), and intended for the conveyance of goods, as well as passengers. Under the Empire, it was commonly employed for the transport of soldiers, which was thence termed cursus clabularis. (Impp. Constant. et Julian. Cod. Theodos. 6. 29. 2. Ammian. xx. 4. 11.) The cart in the illustration (Clabulare/1.1) is from a painting at Pompeii, and was employed for the transport of wine. The open rail-work with which it is constructed, helps to authorize the interpretation given, which otherwise is to be regarded as more conjectural than positive.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Classiarii

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLASSIA'RII (ἐπιβάται). A class of soldiers trained for fighting on board ship (Hirt. B. Alex. 20.), thus corresponding in many respects with our marines. But this branch of the military service was regarded by the Romans as less honourable than the other; for both the sailors (nautae) and the rowers (remiges) are sometimes included under the general name of classiarii (Hirt. B. Alex. 2. Tac. Ann. xiv. 4.) The illustration (Classiarii/1.1) is from an ancient bas-relief published by Scheffer, Mil. Nav. Addend.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Classici

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLAS'SICI. Citizens who belonged to the first of the six classes into which the population of Rome was divided by Servius Tullius (Aul. Gell. vii. 13.); whence the expression scriptores classici, classical authors, means those of the very first order. Aul. Gell. xix. 8. 6.
2. The horn-blowers who summoned the classes to the comitia by sound of the lituus or the cornu. Varro, L. L. v. 91. CORNICEN, LITICEN.
3. Same as CLASSIARII; including the fighting men as well as the ship's company. Curt. iv. 3. Tac. Hist. i. 31. ib. ii. 17.
4. Classica corona (Vellej. ii. 81. 3.); same as CORONA NAVALIS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Classicum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLAS'SICUM. Properly, a signal given by sound of trumpet; whence transferred to the instrument itself by which the signal was given. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. vii. 637. Virg. Georg. ii. 539.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Clathratus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLATHRA'TUS. Closed or protected by cross-bars of trellis (clathri), as explained in the next paragraph. Plaut. Mil. ii. 4. 25.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Claustrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLAUS'TRUM. One of the words employed by the Romans with reference to the closing of doors; and used at times in a sense as general and indefinite as our term "fastening," which may be equally applied to a lock, a bolt, a bar, or other contrivance, when there are no governing words to indicate the nature of the fastening intended. (Cic. Agr. i. 7. Claud. in Eutrop. 1. 195.) But many other passages as distinctly imply that the word had also a special meaning, expressive of some particular object which went under that name, and which would naturally possess some analogy with the other objects designated by the same term. Of these the one which best agrees with all these requirements is a staple, hasp, or box fixed on to a door-post, into which the bolt of a lock, whether turned by a key or shot by the hand, was inserted in order to fasten the door, as may be seen on the Egyptian door represented in the illustration s. CARDO. This interpretation will coincide with most, if not all, of the expressions made use of in describing a forcible entry; which are such as these — to break through, pull out, or force back, the claustrum; and as the ancient doors were commonly made in two flaps, or had fastening at top and bottom, the plural claustra is mostly used (ad claustra pessuli recurrunt, for shutting (Apul. Met. i. p. 10. Varior.); claustra perfringere, to break open (Id. p. 8.); evellere (Id. p. 70.); revelli (Liv. v. 21. Cic. Verr. ii. 4. 23.); claustris, quae accuratissime affixa fuerunt, violenter evulsis (Apul. Met. iii. p. 46.). Compare CLAUSULA.
2. Poetically, for the door itself (Mart. x. 28.); or the gates of a city. Ovid. Met. iv. 86.
3. A cage or den in which wild beasts are enclosed. Hor. Od. iii. 11. 44. Stat. Sylv. ii. 5. 4.
4. In plural, the stalls for the horses in the Circus. (Hor. Epist. i. 14. 9. Stat. Theb. vi. 399.) Same as CARCERES.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Clathri

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLA'THRI. A trellis or grating of wood or metal employed to cover over and protect an aperture, such as a door or window, or to enclose any thing generally. (Hor. A. P. 473. Plin. H. N. viii. 7. Cato, R. R. iv. 1. Columell. viii. 17. 10.) The example (Clathri/1.1) represents the trellis which covered in the lunettes over the stalls (carceres) in the circus of Caracalla.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Clausula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLAU'SULA. The handle of a strigil (Apul. Flor. ii. 9. 2.), or other instrument, when made in such a manner that the hand was inserted into it, so that it formed a ring or guard all round it, as shown by the annexed example (Clausula/1.1), from an original bronze strigil found in the baths at Pompeii. The clausula is thus contradistinguished from capulus, a straight handle or haft, and from ansa, a handle affixed to another object. The word is also allied to claustrum, the staple into which a bolt shoots, to which it has a considerable resemblance.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Clavarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLAVA'RIUM. An allowance of money made to the Roman soldiery, for the purpose of providing nails (clavi caligares) for their boots. Tac. Hist. iii. 50. and CLAVUS, 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Clavator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLAVA'TOR. Either a suttler, or soldier's servant, who carried his baggage (Plaut. Rud. iii. 5. 25.), in which sense it would be synonymous with CALO; or, a recruit, who practised his exercises with a wooden stave (CLAVA, 2.) before being entrusted with a sword. Festus, s. Calones.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Clavatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLAVA'TUS. Striped with gold, purple, or other colours. It was customary amongst the Romans to weave stripes of this nature into their cloth fabrics, both such as were intended to be made up into garments (Vopisc. Bonos. 15.), as those which were manufactured for mere household purposes, such as table linen, napkins, &c. Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 37. CLAVUS, 8, 9.
2. Studded with nails, in reference to boots and shoes (Festus, s. v. Clavata), implying either that the sole is set thick with hob-nails, like the example (Clavatus/2.1), representing the sole or underneath part of a terra-cotta lamp made in the form of a shoe; or that it is armed with sharp projecting points, like the soldier's boot (caliga), which is represented by the illustration to CLAVUS, 5.
3. Covered with prickles, spikes, or projections, like a mace or club.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Clava

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLAVA (ῥόπαλον). A stout, rough stick, thickening towards the butt-end, such as we might term a cudgel; sometimes used in an offensive manner (Cic. Verr. ii. 4. 43.), and frequently carried out of affectation by the ancient philosophers, instead of a walking stick (Sidon. Epist. iv. 11. ix. 9. Id. Carm. xv. 197.), as shown by the annexed figure (Clava/1.1) of Democritus, from an engraved gem.
2. A heavy stick or stave, with which recruits were made to go through their exercises in lieu of a sword, and which they used against the dummy or manikin (palus), a wooden figure set up for the purpose. Cic. Senect. 16. Veget. Mil. ii. 11.
3. (ῥόπαλον. Soph. Tr. 512.) A club or bludgeon, such as was used by Hercules and Theseus. (Prop. iv. 9. 39. Suet. Nero, 53.) It is always represented by the ancient sculptors and painters as a formidable weapon, made thick and heavy at one extremity, and gradually tapering towards the other, by which it was held in the hand; and frequently with the knots left rough upon it (irrasa, Sil. Ital. viii. 584.); as in the example (Clava/3.1), representing the club of Hercules, from a Pompeian painting. Compare CLAVIGER, 1.
4. (κορύνη, ῥόπαλον σιδήρῳ τετυλωμένον). A mace, or war club, having an iron head, thickly studded with knobs or sharp spikes, affixed to the wooden handle. In this form it is mentioned by Homer (Il. vii. 141.), and by Herodotus (vii. 63.), when describing the accoutrements of the Assyrians who followed the army of Xerxes, and is represented by the engraving (Clava/4.1), from an ancient Roman fresco painting of the Villa Albani, where it appears as the weapon of Mars; thus proving that the Romans were also acquainted with the implement, though they do not appear to have designated it by any characteristic name.
* Clava/1.1
* Clava/3.1
* Clava/4.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Clavicula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CLAVIC'ULA (κλειδίον). Diminutive of CLAVIS.