OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Verriculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VERRIC'ULUM. (Val. Max. iv. 1. Ext. 7.) Same as EVERRICULUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Verrucula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VERRU'CULA. The wart or wattle which grows on either side of the throat in some breeds of he-goats (Columell. vi. 6. 2.); and which the ancient artists introduced into their representations of Fauns, to indicate their goatish propensities, as exhibited by the annexed example (Verrucula/1.1), from a marble statue.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Verticillus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VERTICILL'US. The whorl or whirl of a spindle (Plin. H. N. xxxvii. 11. § 1.); which consisted of a small circular wheel or plate of wood, stone, or metal, through which the lower end of the spindle (fusus) was inserted, for the purpose of giving it rotation, and assisting by its weight to twist the thread tight. It is seen on the bottom part of the annexed wood-cuts (Verticillus/1.1), representing an original Egyptian spindle, on one side enveloped in the spun thread, and simply by itself on the other.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Versipellis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VERSIPELL'IS. Literally, one who changes his skin; thence, one who transforms himself, or is transformed into another person's figure, as of Jupiter into Amphitryon (Plaut. Amph. 121. Prol.); and so a wily, dissembling fellow, who can assume any character. (Id. Bacch. iv. 4. 12.) But the term designates more especially a man transformed into a wolf, pursuant to an ancient legend of Arcadia, that every member of a certain family was changed into a wolf for nine years, and after that period resumed his original shape. Plin. H. N. viii. 22. Pet. Sat. 62.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Veruculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VERU'CULUM or VERIC'ULUM (ὀβελίσκος). Diminutive of VERU; the name given to the smallest of two javelins carried by the regular Roman infantry, which had a triangular-shaped head of iron, five inches long, and a wooden shaft of three feet and a half. (Veg. Mil. ii. 15.) The annexed example (Veruculum/1.1), from an ancient monument published by Alstorp, coincides exactly with the above description; and also indicates that the ancient spit (veru), after which the weapon was named, had sometimes a flat triangular head, like the modern ones, instead of a plain long point.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Veruculatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VERUCULA'TUS. See FALX, 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Veruina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VERUI'NA. Same as VERUTUM. Fulgent. 33. Plaut. Bacch. iv. 7. 46.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Verutum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VERU'TUM (σαύνιον). (Virg. Georg. ii. 168. Sil. Ital. iii. 363.) Same as VERU, 2.
2. In the time of Vegetius, this name was given to the weapon described s. VERUCULUM Veg. Mil. ii. 15.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Veru

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VER'U (ὀβελός). A spit for roasting meat (Varro, L. L. v. 127.); often made of wood (Plin. H. N. xxx. 37. Virg. Georg. ii. 396. Ov. Fast. ii. 363.), sharpened at the point, so as to be driven through the meat (Sen. Thyest. 1063. Virg. Aen. i. 212.), and placed over the fire (Id., Aen. v. 103.), and probably turned by the hand upon dogs or andirons (varae). Compare VERUCULUM.
2. (σαύνιον). A missile weapon (Virg. Aen. vii. 665. Tibull. i. 6. 49.), adopted from the Samnites into the light infantry of the Romans (Festus, s. Samnites), which had a sharp round iron point, like the spit after which it was named, as exhibited by the annexed example (Veru/2.1), from an original found in Westphalia, and published by Alstorp (de Hast. p. 192.)
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vesica

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VESI'CA (κύστις). A bladder (Ov. Met. v. 304.); employed for a purse (Varro, R. R. iii. 17. 2. MARSUPIUM; for a lantern (Mart. xiv. 62. LATERNA); and as a cap (Mart. viii. 33.), with which the ancient women used to cover the whole head, for the purpose of confining the hair, and keeping it clean and compact when not regularly dressed, of which the annexed wood-cut (Vesica/1.1) affords an example, from a fictile vase.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vespillones

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VESPILLO'NES. Undertakers' men, who carried out the corpses of poor people at night-time, or in the dusk (from vesper), because they could not afford the expense of a funeral procession. Festus, s. v. Suet. Dom. 17.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vestales

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VESTA'LES. Vestal virgins; the members of a sisterhood who dedicated themselves, under a vow of chastity, to the service of the goddess Vesta, in whose temple they ministered as priestesses, and watched by day and night the sacred fire kept burning upon her altar. Their costume consisted in the stola (Plin. Ep. iv. 11. 9.), with a short linen vest (carbasus. Val. Max. 1. 1. 7. Prop. iv. 11. 54.), put on as an indumentum over it (Dionys. ii. 68.); and, when engaged at the sacrifice, with the addition of an amictus, formed by an oblong-square sheet of white cloth bordered round the edge, and termed suffibulum, because it was put on the head, and fastened by a brooch under the throat (Festus, s. Suffibulum), under which the hair was confined closely to the head by a fillet of white wool (infula), tied by a riband (vitta). Most of these particulars are exemplified in the figures above (Vestales/1.1). The right-hand one is from an engraved gem, representing the Vestal Tuccia carrying water in a sieve from the Tiber to the temple, as a test of her chastity (Val. Max. viii. 1. 5.), and exhibits the stola, the carbasus or linen vest reaching to the knee, and the suffibulum carried in the left hand, and partially depending from the right shoulder. The left-hand figure, from a terra-cotta lamp, shows the Vestal as she appeared at the sacrifice, with the suffibulum put on. The brooch at the throat is omitted, but its position and use will be readily conceived, while the form of the drapery and border round it are distinctly apparent.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vestiarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VESTIA'RIUM. A wardrobe; as a general term, including any kind of object employed for the purpose, whether a closet, chest, box, or trunk. Plin. H. N. xv. 8. compared with Cato, R. R. 98. ARCA, ARMARIUM, &c.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vestiarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VESTIA'RIUS. A dealer in clothes. Ulp. Dig. 14. 3. 5. Scaevola ib. 38. 1. 45.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vestibulum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VESTIB'ULUM (πρόθυρον). Not our vestibule; but an entrance-court, or court-yard before a house (Aul. Gell. xvi. 5. Vitruv. vi. 7. 5. Plaut. Most. iii. 2. 133.), a temple (Cic. Verr. ii. 2. 66.), a set of baths (Id. Cael. 26.), or any other edifice, immediately in front of the main entrance (Cic. Caecin. 12.), and produced by running out the side-walls beyond the facade of the building, as represented by the annexed example (Vestibulum/1.1), from an ancient Roman fresco painting. It was not roofed in, but formed an area between the street and mansion, open in front, and closed at the sides by a wall, colonnade, or, as in the example, by a range of apartments containing the stabling and coach-houses, with other conveniences for the household. (Vitruv. vi. 5. Juv. vii. 126.) The open courts in front of some of the great houses in London — the old British Museum, for instance, — if the screen were removed, would afford a complete example of the Roman vestibulum, which was only an adjuct to grand buildings (Vitruv. l. c.), and consequently is not once met with in the small provincial town of Pompeii.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vestiplica

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VESTIP'LICA. A female slave, whose duty it was to fold up and take care of her mistress's clothes. Quint. Decl. 363.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vestispica

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VESTIS'PICA. A female slave, whose duty consisted in looking over and keeping in repair her mistress's clothes. Plaut. Trin. ii. 1. 29.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Veterinarius

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VETERINA'RIUS. A cattle-doctor; including all classes of the profession — the horse-doctor, cow-leech, &c. Columell. vi. 8. 1. Id. vii. 5. 14.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vexillarius

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VEXILLA'RIUS. The soldier who carried the vexillum, or colours of his regiment (Liv. viii. 8. Tac. Hist. 1. 41.); more especially, though not exclusively descriptive of the cavalry troops, who used no other ensign. The illustration (Vexillarius/1.1) is copied from the Column of Antoninus.
2. Under the Empire, the name of Vexillarii was given to a distinct body of soldiers, supposed to have been composed of veterans, who were released from the military oath and regular service, but kept embodied under a separate flag (vexillum), to render assistance to the army if required, guard the frontiers, and garrison recently-conquered provinces; a certain number of these supernumeraries being attached to each legion. Tac. Hist. ii. 83. Ib. 100. Compare Ann. i. 36.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vexillatio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VEXILLA'TIO. A body of troops united under one flag (vexillum); applied to the allies. Suet. Galb. 20.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vexillum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VEXILLUM. A flag; consisting of a square piece of cloth fixed on a frame or cross-tree (Tertull. Apol. 16.); as contradistinguished from the standard (signum), which was simply a pole, with the image of an eagle, horse, or some other device, on the top of it. The flag was always the proper and only ensign of the Roman cavalry. In very early times it was also used by the infantry (Liv. viii. 8.); but it was afterwards employed for a distinctive banner of the allied troops, as the standard was for the legions; whence the two are frequently enumerated together when it is intended to comprise the Roman legions and the allies. (Liv. xxxix. 20. Suet. Nero, 13. Vitell. 11.) The illustration (Vexillum/1.1) represents the cross-tree upon which the flag was extended, from an original of bronze, with a miniature drawing of the flag and pole by its side.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Viatores

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VIATO'RES. Runners, or officers attached to the service of the Roman magistrates, and employed as messengers to summon the senators from the country, the people to the comitia, or individuals to the presence of a magistrate. They were especially assigned to those magistrates who had no lictors, the tribunes of the people and censors; but in early times, the consuls, dictator, and praetors had their runners as well as lictors. Cic. Sen. 16. Varro ap. Gell. xiii. 12. Liv. vi. 15. xxii. 11. ii. 56.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Via

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIA. A paved road, said to be an invention of the Carthaginians (Isidor. Orig. xv. 16. 6.), for horses, carriage, and foot-passengers (Varro, L. L. v. 35.), both in town and country; but more especially such as formed the main channel of communication or high-way between one district and another, as opposed to a back-street or bye-lane. (Mart. vii. 61. Cic. Phil. xii. 9. Hor. Sat. i. 9. 1.) The Roman roads were constructed with the greatest regard to convenience and durability; consisting of a carriage-way (agger) in the centre, paved with large polygonal blocks of basaltic lava (silex), imbedded in a substratum formed by three layers of different materials one under the other, the lowest of small stones or gravel, the next of rubble-work, i. e. broken stones and lime; the upper one a bed of six inches deep, composed of fragments of brick and pottery, mixed with cement; and a raised foot-way (crepido) on each side, flanked by a series of kerb-stones (umbones), which in some cases were interspersed at intervals by large wedge-shaped trusses (gomphi), which bound and consolidated the whole frame. The illustration (Via/1.1) represents a view of the main road from Herculaneum to Pompeii, at the entrance into the lattery city; showing the carriage-way and foot-paths, with their kerb-stones on each side. A section, exhibiting the method of setting the polygonal blocks is given s. AGGER, 4, and illustrations of the other parts in detail under their respective terms bracketed above.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vibia

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VIB'IA. The cross-bar or plank laid across the forked uprights (varae) which form a jack or trestle for mechanics to stand or work upon; whence the adage, Vibia varam sequitur (Auson. Idyll. 12.), the plank falls with its props, is interpreted to mean "One error follows another."
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vicarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VICA'RIUS. Literally, a substitute or deputy; and, specially, a slave kept by a fellow-slave as his fag (Hor. Sat. ii. 7. 79. Mart. ii. 18.); for the upper classes of these servants, called ordinarii, kept slaves of their own, who were purchased by themselves.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Victimarii

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VICTIMA'RII. Servants or ministers employed at the sacrifice, whose duty it was to kindle the fire, prepare the requisite articles and implements, and hold the victim whilst it received the knock-down blow from the Popa, as exhibited by the annexed engraving (Victimarii/1.1), from a Roman bas-relief. Liv. xl. 29. Val. Max. i. 1. 12. Inscript. ap. Fabretti. p. 450. n. 13.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Victima

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIC'TIMA (ἱερεῖον). Strictly, a victim sacrificed to the gods as an offering to thanks, in return for benefits received; as contradistinguished from hostia, a peace-offering to avert or appease their anger: but the distinction is not rigidly observed.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Victoriatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VICTORIA'TUS, sc. nummus. A Roman silver coin, in value half a denarius, so termed because it had an image of Victory on the reserve, as shown by the annexed example (Victoriatus/1.1), from an original. Varro, L. L. x. 41. Cic. Font. 5. Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 13.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vicus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VI'CUS (κώμη). In the primary notion, a habitation, taken in a collective sense, as a number of houses contiguous to each other; thence, a street with houses on each side, both in a country village or a city; and so a division or quarter of a town, consisting of a certain number of streets and houses. Hor. Epist. ii. 1. 269. Ov. Fast. vi. 609. Cic. Mil. 24.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vidulus

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VI'DULUS. A large wicker-basket covered with leather, and employed for holding a number of minor articles within itself — cistellam in vidulo (Plaut. Rud. iv. 4. 88.), marsupium cum viatico in vidulo (Id. Men. v. 7. 49.); and as a fish-basket (Id. Rud. iv. 3. 54 — 72.), which passage testifies that it was covered with leather.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vietor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIE'TOR (from vieo, to plat). A maker of wicker-baskets; the name given by Plautus (Rud. iv. 3. 62.) to one who makes a vidulus.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vigiles

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VIG'ILES. Sentinels, who perform the night watch of an army (Virg. Aen. ix. 159.); as shown by the illustration (Vigiles/1.1), from the Vatican Virgil, which represents a bivouac of soldiers outside the walls of a fortress; the time of night being indicated by the blazing fire in the foreground, and the moon and stars above.
2. Watchmen; of whom there were seven cohorts in the city of Rome, under the command of a praefect (nyctostrategus), and whose duty it was to preserve the peace at night, and protect the citizens and their property from murder, plunder, or fire. Plaut. Amph. i. 1. 198. Cic. Verr. ii. 4. 43.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vigiliarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VIGILIA'RIUM. A watch-tower, in which watch is kept at night. Senec. Ep. 57.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Villicus

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VILL'ICUS. A farm-bailiff; a slave who had the superintendence in chief of all the stock and business of a farm, the surveillance of the labouring slaves, the management and direction of the farming operations, the duty of attending the markets and selling the produce of the estate, as well as the custody of all the fixed and moveable capital upon it. Varro, R. R. v. 2. 14. Cato, R. R. 5. and 142. Columell. xi. 1. 7.