# History Essay Format & Thesis Statement
## Thesis Statement

A thesis statement is generally a single sentence (The last sentence of Intro) within the introductory paragraph of the history (or thesis) essay, which makes a claim or tells the reader exactly what to expect from the rest of the text. It may be the writer's interpretation of what the author or teacher is saying or implying about the topic. It may also be a hypothesis statement (educated guess) which the writer intends to develop and prove in the course of the essay.
The thesis statement, which is in some cases underlined, is the heart of a history or thesis essay and is the most vital part of the introduction. The assignment may not ask for a thesis statement because it may be assumed that the writer will include one. If the history assignment asks for the student to take a position, to show the cause and effect, to interpret or to compare and contrast, then the student should develop and include a good thesis statement.
Following the introductory paragraph and its statement, the body of the essay presents the reader with organized evidence directly relating to the thesis and must support it.
It's a summarized writing about what you're talking about and why who what where when or how.
Characteristics of a great thesis statement
* Is a strong statement or fact which ends with a period, not a question.
* Is not a cliché such as “fit as a fiddle”, “time after time”, “a chain is only as strong as its weakest link”, “all in due time” or “what goes around comes around”.
* Is not a dictionary definition.
* Is not a generalization.
* Is not vague, narrow or broad.
* States an analytic argument or claim, not a personal opinion or emotion.
* Uses clear and meaningful words.
* Don't overuse a topic.
* Try to use many different information.
* Don't say something boring like "today im going to tell you yada yada yada"
* Start with a hook then back it up with informations

## The History Essay Format

Essay is an old French word which means to “attempt”. An essay is the testing of an idea or hypothesis (theory). A history essay (sometimes referred to as a thesis essay) will describe an argument or claim about one or more historical events and will support that claim with evidence, arguments and references. The text must make it clear to the reader why the argument or claim is as such.
Introduction
Unlike a persuasive essay where the writer captures the reader's attention with a leading question, quotation or story related to the topic, the introduction in a history essay announces a clear thesis statement and explains what to expect in the coming paragraphs. The Introduction includes the key facts that are going to be presented in each paragraph.
The following phrases are considered to be poor and are normally avoided in the introduction: “I will talk about”, “You will discover that”, “In this essay”, “You will learn” or other such statements.
Body (Supporting Paragraphs)
The paragraphs which make up the body of a history essay offers historical evidence to support the thesis statement. Typically, in a high school history essay, there will be as many supporting paragraphs as there are events or topics. The history teacher or assignment outline may ask for a specific number of paragraphs. Evidence such as dates, names, events and terms are provided to support the key thesis.
The topic sentence tells the reader exactly what the paragraph is about. Typically, the following phrases are never part of a topic sentence: “I will talk about”, “I will write about” or “You will see”. Instead, clear statements which reflect the content of the paragraph are written.
The last sentence of a supporting paragraph can either be a closing or linking sentence. A closing sentence summarizes the key elements that were presented. A linking sentence efficiently links the current paragraph to the next. Linking can also be done by using a transitional word or phrase at the beginning of the next paragraph.
Conclusion
In the closing paragraph, the claim or argument from the introduction is restated differently. The best evidence and facts are summarized without the use of any new information. This paragraph mainly reviews what has already been written. Writers don't use exactly the same words as in their introduction since this shows laziness. This is the author's last chance to present the reader with the facts which support their thesis statement.

## Quotes, Footnotes and Bibliography

Quotes
Quotations in a history essay are used in moderation and to address particulars of a given historical event. Students who tend to use too many quotes normally lose marks for doing so. The author of a history essay normally will read the text from a selected source, understand it, close the source (book for web site for example) and then condense it using their own words. Simply paraphrasing someone else’s work is still considered to be plagiarism. History essays may contain many short quotes.
Quotations of three or fewer lines are placed between double quotation marks. For longer quotes, the left and right margins are indented by an additional 0.5” or 1 cm, the text is single-spaced and no quotation marks are used. Footnotes are used to cite the source.
Single quotation marks are used for quotations within a quotation. Three ellipsis points (...) are used when leaving part of the quotation out. Ellipsis cannot be used at the start of a quotation.
Footnotes
Footnotes are used to cite quotation sources or to provide additional tidbits of information such as short comments.
Internet sources are treated in the same way printed sources are. Footnotes or endnotes are used in a history essay to document all quotations. Footnotes normally provide the author's name, the title of the work, the full title of the site (if the work is part of a larger site), the date of publication, and the full URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of the document being quoted. The date on which the web site was consulted is normally included in a footnote since websites are often short-lived.
Bibliography
Unless otherwise specified by the history teacher or assignment outline, a bibliography should always be included on a separate page which lists the sources used in preparing the essay.
The list is always sorted alphabetically according to the authors’ last name. The second and subsequent line of each entry of a bibliography is indented by about 1 inch, 2.5 cm or 10 spaces.
A bibliography is normally formatted according to the “Chicago Manual of Style” or “The MLA Style Manual”.

## Plagiarism

History and thesis essay writers are very careful to avoid plagiarism since it is considered to be a form of cheating in which part or all of someone else’s work is passed as one’s own. Useful guidelines to help avoid plagiarism can be found in the University of Ottawa document "Beware of Plagiarism".

## Formatting Requirements

* Letter-sized 8.5”x11” or A4 plain white paper
* Double-spaced text
* 1.5” (3 cm) left and right margins, 1” (2.5 cm) top and bottom margins
* Regular 12-point font such as Arial, Century Gothic, Helvetica, Times New Roman and Verdana
* A cover page with the course name, course number, group number, essay title, the teacher’s name, the author's name, the due date and optionally, the name of the author's school, its location and logo
* Page numbers (with the exception of the cover page)
* No underlined text with the exeception of the thesis statement
* No italicized text with the exception of foreign words
* No bolded characters
* No headings
* No bullets, numbered lists or point form
* No use of the these words: “Firstly”, “Secondly”, “Thirdly”, etc.
* Paragraph indentation of approximately 0.5 inch, 1 cm or 5 spaces
* Formatting according to the “Chicago Manual of Style” or the “MLA Style”.

## Basic Essay Conventions

* Dates: a full date is formatted as August 20, 2009 or August 20th, 2009. The comma and the “th” separate the day from the year.
* Dates: a span of years within the same century is written as 1939-45 (not 1939-1945).
* Dates: no apostrophe is used for 1600s, 1700s, etc.
* Diction: a formal tone (sophisticated language) is used to address an academic audience.
* Numbers: for essays written in countries where the metric system is used (e.g., Europe, Canada), no commas are used to separate groups of three digits (thousands). For example, ten thousand is written as 10 000 as opposed to 10,000.
* Numbers: numbers less than and equal to 100 are spelled out (e.g., fifteen).
* Numbers: round numbers are spelled out (e.g., 10 thousand, 5 million).
* Numbers: for successive numbers, digits are used (e.g., 11 women and 96 men).
* Percentages: the word “percent” is used instead of its symbol % unless listing successive figures. When listing many figures, the % symbol is also used.
* Pronouns: the pronoun “I” is not used since the writer does not need to refer to him/herself unless writing about “taking a position” or making a “citizenship” statement.
* Pronouns: the pronoun “you” is not used since the writer does not need to address the reader directly.
* Tone: in a history or thesis essay, the writer does not nag, preach or give advice.

## Use of Capital Letters

A history or thesis essay will make use of capital letters where necessary.
* Brand names, trademarks or product names
* First word of a direct quotation
* First word of a sentence
* Name or title of a book, disc, movie or other literary works
* Names of distinctive historical periods (e.g., Middle Ages)
* Names of festivals and holidays
* Names of languages (e.g., English, French)
* Names of school subjects, disciplines or specialties are not capitalized unless they happen to be the names of languages
* Names of the days of the week and of the months of the year (e.g., Monday, January)
* Pronoun I (e.g., “Yesterday, I was very happy.”)
* Proper names (e.g., John Smith, Jacques Cartier)
* Religious terms (e.g., God, Sikhs)
* Roman numerals (e.g., XIV)
* Words that create a connection with a specific place (e.g., French is capitalized when it is used in the context of having to do with France)
* Words that identify nationalities, ethnic groups or social groups (e.g., Americans, Canadians, Loyalists)

## Miscellaneous Characteristics

* A word processor such as Microsoft Word or a free downloadable processor such as Open Office could be used to format and spell-check the text.
* An essay plan or a graphic organizer could be used to collect important facts before attempting to write the essay.
* Correct use of punctuation; periods, commas, semicolons and colons are used to break down or separate sentences.
* Paragraphs are not lengthy in nature.
* Street or Internet messaging jargon such as “a lot”, “:)”, “lol” or “bc” is not used.
* Text that remains consistent with the thesis statement.
* The essay has been verified by a peer and/or with the word processor's spell-check tool.
* The same verb tense is used throughout the essay.