OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rivers State University

The Rivers State University (RVSU), formerly Rivers State University of Science and Technology, is a public university located in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. It was first established as a university college in 1972 and later became a full fledged university in 1980. RVSU has a student population of over 29,000 as of 2017 supported by 3000 faculties and staff. It is the first technological university in Nigeria and also the first university to be situated within the Niger Delta. In 2014, it was rated as Nigeria's best E-learning institution and was ranked as the 15th best university in the country.

## Faculties and courses
### Faculty of Sciences

* Department of Physics
* Department of Mathematics and Computer Science
* Department of Chemistry
* Department of Applied and Environmental Biology

### Faculty of Engineering

* Department of Civil
* Department of Marine
* Department of Petroleum
* Department of Mechanical
* Department of Electrical
* Department of Chemical/petrochemical
* Department of Agricultural And Environmental

### Faculty of Law

* Department of Business Law
* Department of International Law
* Department of Public Law
* Department of Private and Properly Law

### Faculty of Management Sciences

* Department of Office And Information Management
* Department of Marketing
* Department of Management
* Department of Mass Communication
* Department of Banking And Finance
* Department of Accountancy

### Faculty of Environmental Sciences

* Land Survey
* Department of Estate Management
* Department of Quantity Surveying
* Department of Architecture
* Department of Urban And Regional Planning
# Robert's Rules of Order/Survival Tips

Perhaps the most accessible formal explanation of RRO is roberts-rules.com. It seems to have been written by registered parliamentarian Lorenzo R. Cuesta, who works in the Sacramento region of California. Out of the dozens of useful pages on roberts-rules.com, the following serve as a useful introduction:
       It also needs to be noted that the president does not "set the agenda" because a motion to modify the agenda is in order at the onset of each meeting.
       Called "5 most helpful words a chairperson will ever find". Other sources emphasize that this must be applied with great care to ensure that the president is not attempting to rule unilaterally. (See, for example, NFTY's advice on general consent)
       This approach might be too formal for most assemblies. But the principles should always be kept in mind.
* Debate Protocol
* Undebatable Motions
       Note that Wikipedia:Appeal (motion) seems to disagree on one point.

## References and Footnotes

* ↑ http://www.robertsrules.com/faq.html#14
# Risk Management/User-driven spatial activities/collect information

In this learning resource we consider the data collection that is connected to current geolocation of mobile device users. The ubiquity of mobile devices allows the application spatial crowdsourcing as a problem solving strategy to collect data that has a local or regional relevance and to provide a benefit by spatial decision support for the users that provided the data is mapping.

## Learning Task

* Explore the plattform Humanitarian Open Street Map Team as a platform, enabling spatial tasks (i.e., tasks related to a location) assigned to and performed by human workers for a humanitarian purpose. In this learning task, you are introduced to existing projects for spatial crowdsourcing. Spatial crowd sourcing in the humanitarian context could be the map of a bus network. Check out other project for risk mitigation of Humanitarian Open Street Map Team.
* Top learn some techical skill to attached information to a geolocation it is a basic operation that users can select a geolocation in an interactive way on the map. Subsequently, we focus on small open source packages first, that allow to perform this task . This concept uses Open Street Map as an open source of Geo data and OpenLayers.
** analyse the OpenLayers Location Selector (see Selection Click and Map Click with Callback URL and
** create data collection scenario for data you want to attach the geolocation
** next will be milestone to learn how workers can send their locations to a centralized server and thereafter the server provides aggregate and processed data for decision support back to the workers and assign next task that are nearby. The task management supports an optimized mapping activity in a team.
# Risk Management Strategies

Various decision theory strategies for managing risk are possible. They are briefly described here. During collective decision making, various members of the decision group may be (implicitly) favoring one of these risk management approaches. This risk management may be happening even if the group members are not familiar with the names or descriptions of these strategies. It may be helpful to explicitly consider who is favoring which strategy and why they favor that strategy.
* Minimax decision theory is a decision-making approach that aims to minimize the maximum possible loss that could occur from any given decision. It is commonly used in situations where the decision maker faces uncertainty and must make decisions based on incomplete or imperfect information.
* Regret Minimization: This approach aims to minimize the maximum possible regret that could be experienced from any given decision. It involves comparing the expected outcomes of different choices against the best possible outcome that could have been achieved if the decision maker had perfect information.
* Expected Utility Theory: This approach measures the expected utility or expected value of each decision choice. It takes into account the probability of each possible outcome and the utility or value associated with each outcome. The decision maker chooses the option that maximizes their expected utility.
* Prospect Theory: This approach accounts for the fact that people often make decisions based on how they perceive gains and losses rather than on objective probabilities. It suggests that people evaluate potential outcomes based on a reference point and weigh the possibility of gains and losses differently.
* Maximin: This approach is similar to minimax, but instead of minimizing the maximum possible loss, it maximizes the minimum possible gain. It assumes that the decision maker is risk-averse and seeks to avoid the worst possible outcome.
* Lexicographic Decision Making: This approach involves ranking decision criteria in order of importance and making decisions based on the highest-ranking criterion that can be satisfied. This approach can be useful when decision makers have clear priorities and preferences.
* Satisficing: This approach involves choosing the first option that meets a minimum threshold of acceptability. It is often used when there are time constraints or when the decision maker is faced with a large number of options.
* A variety of Multiple-criteria decision-making strategies that explicitly evaluates multiple conflicting criteria in decision making.
Each of these approaches offers a different perspective on decision making and may be more appropriate in different contexts.
The Wikiversity course on Risk Management provides additional related materials.
# Robert's Rules of Order
## History

Robert's Rules of Order (RRO) is a fascinating 19th century document that has been revised eleven times. Some argue that it represents a tradition that harks back to the 5th century, but the modern form of parliamentary democracy seems to date back to 16th & 17th century England. In the 1560s Sir Thomas Smith began the process of writing down accepted procedures and published a book about them in the House of Commons in 1583. Early rules included
* One subject should be discussed at a time (adopted 1581)
* Personal attacks are to be avoided in debate (1604)
* Debate must be limited to the merits of the question (1610)
* Division of a question when some seem to be for one part but not the other (1640)

## Robert's rules in a nutshell

There are at least three good summaries of RRO that capture its spirit in a few words.

#### In three to five statements

* One speaker at a time
* One topic at a time
* Majority rules
* A 2/3 majority may temporarily suspend all or some of Robert's Rules.
* The unqualified motion to adjourn is undebatable and carries by a simple majority.

#### Wikipedia

    Robert's Rules of Order#General_summary_of_current_edition

#### Survival Tips

    This subpage is dedicated to the Survival Tips website assembled by Lorenzo R. Cuesta (Registered Parliamentarian).

## Organizations that use RRO

* Cornell University
* Psychiatry Residents Association of the University of British Columbia
* Wright State University Lake Campus
* North American Federation of Temple Youth
* create a subpage for your organization and we will rename for you

## Online versions of RRO

These sites link to the 1914 (4th edition) of Robert's rules.
* robertsrules.org
* constitution.org
* rulesonline.com
* bartleby.com
* Project Gutenberg Full text of 1876 (1st) ed.

## Other links

* Frequently Asked Questions (from robertsrules.com)
* Wikipedia: Robert's Rules of Order
* Wikiversity:Fire and emergency management/Leadership I:Strategies for Company Success (H803)/Running a Meeting
* Wikisource:Robert's Rules of Order 1915 edition (under construction)
* http://communitywiki.org/en/RobertsRules

## Footnotes and references

* ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_parliamentary_procedure&oldid=479926060
* ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Parliamentary_procedure&oldid=681185194#History
* ↑ The first two can be found at http://www.sd62.bc.ca/portals/0/pdfs/speac/roberts_rules_of_order.pdf
* ↑ http://www.cde.state.co.us/sites/default/files/documents/cdechart/guidebook/gov/pdf/robertsrulesoforder.pdf
* ↑ Added to the first 3 by User:Guy vandegrift
* ↑ Added to RRO in a nutshell by user:Guy vandegrift
* ↑ http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%27s_Rules_of_Order&oldid=683748151
# Motivation and emotion/Textbook/Structure

These ideas for a generic textbook chapter structure and learning features were brainstormed and discussed in the first tutorial.
Brainstorm of possible textbook chapter structure:
* Title
* Table of contents (Headings)
* Focus questions / Key questions
* Preview / Overview
* History
* Definition(s)
* Content: Theories and Research
* Summary
* Glossary
* Resources: e.g., Links to video, Wikipedia articles
* References
Brainstorm of possible learning features:
* Case study
* Images: e.g., photos, diagrams
* Stop and review
* Quiz/review questions
* Practical applications
* Interesting facts
* Internal page links
* Test your knowledge
* Try it yourself / Mini-experience
# Motivation and emotion/Topics
### Motivation
#### Recommended reading

* Motivation (Wikipedia)
* Functional approach to motivation: Discuss Clary & Snyder's Volunteer Functions Inventory and their conceptual model of volunteer motivations.
* Maslow's hierarchy of needs: Discuss the model, background, strengths and weaknesses of Maslow's hierarchy of needs
* Spiritual/religious motivation
* University student motivation: Discuss the research literature about the motivations of students to attend university and what is known about the possible consequences of different levels of emotion (e.g., on academic performance)

### Emotion
#### Recommended reading

* Emotion (Wikipedia)

#### Topic

* Core emotions
* Empathy
* Goal-setting
* Feedback
* The role of affect in learning - How do our emotions affect what and how we learning? For example, see Cognition, affect, and learning: The role of affect in learning (Barry Kort, Google Knol)
# Preface

Welcome to this free and open textbook for the psychological study of motivation and emotion.
Motivation and emotion are core topics in undergraduate psychology teaching around the world. This book focuses on applied theory and research topics in motivation and emotion. Chapter foci and content were initially developed by undergraduate psychology participants at the University of Canberra in consultation with the lecturer/editor, James Neill during the second half of 2010. Whilst the book may be useful as a whole, each individual chapter is also designed to stand alone.
This first edition was developed through a participant-authored, instructor-edited, open wiki collaboration learning and assessment exercise during Semester 2, 2010 (August-November). Approximately 80 participants enrolled initially and three months later 70 submitted chapters. Participants created Wikiversity accounts of their own preference, thus some used real names and some used other account names.
Participants learnt how to use Wikiversity through demonstrations and through developing individual e-portfolios (worth 30% of the unit). Each participant selected or negotiated a textbook chapter topic (50%) and made a 5 minute multimedia recording of his/her textbook chapters (20%).
The plan for the future is to continue developing the quality of content on current topics and to develop new topics in collaboration with new participant cohorts. In this way, it is hoped to develop a high-quality open textbook which can supplement and eventually replace the reliance on commercial textbooks. At the very least it is hoped that this textbook project provides a practical demonstration and example of the potential for the development of open textbooks as a learning and assessment exercise in higher education. This is also an example of open academia in action.
# Summary and conclusion

This hope for this book was to bring to life motivation and emotion topics that intrigued students - and to do so, for students. The chapters provide substantial overviews of many key theoretical and applied aspects of motivation and emotion, with links to a range of online resources.
This openly licensed book may be used, copied and remixed by anyone at no cost. In this spirit of open sharing, we hope this project will help inspire others to openly share and collaborate on our discoveries about the psychology of human beings.
# Post-traumatic growth

This psychology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.

## Measures

* Post Traumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI, Tedeschi & Calhourn, 1996; , , consists of 21 self-report items that assess perceptions of growth with respect to five aspects:
** Relating to others
** New possibilities
** Personal strength
** Spriritual changes
** Appreciation of life
    Questions ask about the extent to which change has been perceived to occur as a result of a traumatic experience to which participants respond using a six-point Likert scale.
# Postgraduate Use of English at Dhurakij Pundit University/Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements
Thanks to all the research participants who so willingly participated in the activities.
I own more than I can express in words to all the student participants and volunteers. Without your time and energy, this thesis would be impossible.
# Seminar in Tradecraft and HumInt/Moscow Rules/Moscow Rule 25
## Moscow Rule number 25: Hide small operative motions in larger non threatening motions.

Create an environment in which operative motions would not seem out of place. People are expected to meet at dinner parties. Groups of people are supposed to travel in delegations.

## Examples

* Put examples here!

## Student Commentary on This Rule

* List links to commentary here!

## Links and Offsite Content on this Topic

Put links here!
# Seminar in Tradecraft and HumInt/Moscow Rules/Moscow Rule 2
## Moscow Rule number 2: Technology always fails.

This is ambiguous. Technology doesn't fail all the time, but perhaps only when it's really really important. Or perhaps it means that every piece of technology will fail sooner or later?

## Student Commentary on This Rule
##### List links to commentary here!

If you're reading this, technology can't be a complete failure.

## Links and Offsite Content on this Topic

Put links here!
# Seminar in Tradecraft and HumInt/Moscow Rules/Moscow Rule 38
## Moscow Rule number 38: If an alert is issued, they must pay a price and so must you.

By raising an alert, the adversary shows their hand. In effect, they allow you to know what they knew about your operation. This is why police don't start arresting drug dealers as soon as they find them, but trace out their lines of supply and find out where the traffic is coming from. Arrests are then made all at once, to create maximum disruption to the criminal activities. To make arrests early would simply tip off the crooks that their operation has been compromised.

## Examples

* (From Wikipedia) The objective of counter-intelligence is to identify hostile intelligence operatives. Once identification has been made, the operative is not necessarily arrested immediately. A decision must be made, and hostile operatives can be left alone for a period of time so as not to reveal the existence of counter-intelligence operations. Nonetheless, an identified operative must be cut off from access to further secure information, without letting them know their cover is blown. They might then be given disinformation, either directly or indirectly. An assessment must be made as to the extent of the damage caused by that operative. Eventually, the operative and his handlers will realize their operation has been compromised if useless disinformation is being passed, but this creates time for the difficult process of "walking the dog backwards" to determine what has been compromised within the target organization. That is the point at which an arrest is usually made. Sometimes the process of feeding disinformation can be useful, and a hostile operative may be left in place for years. Occasionally attempts are made to "turn" a mole; that is, gain his cooperation without exposing to his controllers that his cover has been blown. Turning a mole can make him an unwilling agent of either side, either to continue the feed of disinformation, or being coerced at threat of imprisonment to betray his compatriot organization. In the famous case of Arkady Shevchenko, a Soviet diplomat to the United Nations who asked to defect, rather than accept his defection the CIA required he remain in place and engage in espionage. Shevchenko was a professional diplomat, not a spy, and he found the stressful work nerve-wracking.

## Student Commentary on This Rule

* List links to commentary here!

## Links and Offsite Content on this Topic

Put links here!
# Seminar in Tradecraft and HumInt/Moscow Rules/Moscow Rule 1
## Moscow Rule number 1: Assume nothing.

This rule starts with complete scepticism.

## Examples

"The pursuit of science seems to me to demand particular courage in this respect. It deals in knowledge procured through doubt. Creating knowledge for all about all, it aims to turn all of us into doubters."
    from Life of Galileo by Bertold Brecht

## Student Commentary on This Rule
##### List links to commentary here!

* I doubt this rule is at all useful!

## Links and Offsite Content on this Topic

Put links here!
# Seminar in Tradecraft and HumInt/Moscow Rules/Moscow Rule 19
## Moscow Rule number 19: Make sure they can anticipate your destination.

While this seems to make little sense at first blush, one must think of it in relation to an agent in a persona. An agent must assume surveillance. The essence of this rule is: don't give them a reason to probe deeper - make them believe you're still a sleeper. Don't visibly vary your routine.

## Examples

* If an agent is posing as a concert violinist, he must be seen to practice, go to rehearsal, buy items related to the repair and maintenance of his violin. If an agent, posing in this manner, plans a drop or meeting, this activity cannot be seen to be out of the orinary; the agent must therefore assure surveillance that it hasn't missed anything. He must show up for practice on time even though he has engaged in other activities along the way.

## Student Commentary on This Rule

* List links to commentary here!

## Links and Offsite Content on this Topic

Put links here!
# Seminar in Tradecraft and HumInt/Moscow Rules/Moscow Rule 3
## Moscow Rule number 3: Murphy was right.

This rule refers to Murphy's Law: Anything that can go wrong, will go wrong.

## Examples

* If you drop toast it always lands butter side down.

## Student Commentary on This Rule

* List links to commentary here!

## Links and Offsite Content on this Topic

Put links here!
# Spleen Exam (OSCE)
## Patient positioning

* knees flexed
* expose from nipples to pubis

## Spleen location

* posterior to the midaxillary line (MAL), between 9 to 11th ribs, size of palm

## General
### Peripheral signs of hypersplenism

* pallor
* bruising
* oral ulcers
* skin infections
* petechiae

### Stigmata of diseases associated with splenomegaly

* hepatomegaly
* lymphadenopathy (CLL, lymphoma, EBV)
* jaundice (hemolytic anemia)
* macroglossia (amyloidosis)

## Inspection

*from the FOOT OF THE BED

### Static

* Skin
** surgical scars
** discoloration
* Contour
** distended
** obese
** umbilical herniation
** bulging flanks

### With Deep Inspiration

* Symmetry - during several deep inspirations
** note that the spleen enlarges toward the RLQ

## Percussion
### Traube’s Space

* 6th rib, lower costal margin, MAL
* tympanic due to the gastric bubble - in splenomegaly, stomach is displaced and region sounds dull (not a specific test)
* False Positives: full stomach, pleural effusion and pneumonia

### Castell’s sign

* lowest intercostal space, L AAL
* ask the patient inhale and exhale slowly and deeply
* splenomegaly → resonant on expiration but dull on inspiration

## Palpation

1. With right hand beginning in RLQ, pull the L ribcage forward (give slack for the R hand to feel under the costal margin), palpate superficially toward the LUQ
* assess effect of deep inspiration
** describe: firm/soft, nodular/smooth, tenderness
2. Hooking Maneuver have patient lie on right lateral position
* stand on patient’s left and try hooking hands under left costal margin

## Auscultation

* all 4 QUADRANTS for bowel sounds
* Friction rub (inflammation, tumor, infarction)
* systolic murmur over spleen - massive splenomegaly (dilated, tortuous splenic artery)
* kidney is BALOTTABLE, spleen is NOT
* NOTCH ON ANTERIOR BORDER - palpable in spleen, not in kidney
* spleen enlarges diagonally towards RLQ, while the kidney enlarges inferiorly
* kidney can be resonant to percussion (d/t overlying bowel), spleen should be DULL
* UPPER EDGE of spleen NOT palpable, upper edge of kidney is
* SPLENIC RUB on auscultation (have patient breathe in and out) and kidney its not