OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Carptor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CARPTOR. The carver; a slave whose duty it was to carve the dishes at grand entertainments before they were handed round to the guests. Juv. Sat. ix. 110.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Carrago

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CARRA'GO. A species of fortification adopted by many of the barbarous nations with whom the Romans came into collision. It was effected by drawing up their waggons and war-chariots into a circle round the positions which they occupied. Amm. Marc. xxxi. 7. 7. Trebell. Gallien. 13. Veget. Mil. iii. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Carroballista

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CARROBALLIS'TA. A ballista mounted upon a carriage, and drawn by horses or mules for the convenience of transport from place to place, or to different points in the scene of action. (Veget. Mil. iii. 24. Id. ii. 25.) The illustration (Carroballista/1.1) represents an engine of this description, as it is expressed on the Column of Antonine; but it is too imperfect in point of detail, to give an adequate idea of the constructive principle upon which such machines acted.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Carrucarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CARRUCA'RIUS. Belonging to a carruca; an epithet applied to the coachman who drove it (Capitol. Maxim. jun. 4.), and to the horses or mules which drew it. (Ulp. Dig. 21. 1. 38.) See the preceding word and illustration.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Carruca

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CARRU'CA or CARRU'CHA. A particular kind of carriage introduced at Rome under the Empire (at least mention of it first occurs in Pliny, and it subsequently becomes common in Suetonius, Martial, and others). Its precise form and character is a matter of mere conjecture; but it is clearly distinguished from the covinus and essedum by Martial (Ep. xii. 24.), and from the rheda by Lampridius. (Alex. Sev. 43.) It was at all times a vehicle of costly description, and highly ornamented; at first, by carvings in bronze and ivory (Aurel. Vopisc. 46.), and afterwards by chasings in silver and gold. (Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 40. Mart. Ep. iii. 62.) This description agrees so far with the figure in the annexed engraving (Carruca/1.1), representing the carriage of the praefect of Rome from the Notitia Imperii, and in which the metal ornaments are very apparent. It may, therefore, by a plausible conjecture, be regarded as affording a type of these conveyances, but the Latin writers certainly make use of the term at times in a general sense, without intending thereby to designate any particular build (as in Suet. Nero, 30. and Mart. Ep. iii. 47., where the same vehicle is indiscriminately termed carruca and rheda), and the word retained this usage in after times, for it contains the elements of the Italian carrozza, and our carriage, both of which are general expressions.
2. Carruca dormitoria. A close carruca (Scaevol. Dig. 34. 2. 11.); the carruca undique contecta of Isidorus, Orig. xx. 12. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Carrus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CARRUS. A small two-wheeled cart with boarded sides all round, used chiefly in the Roman armies for a commissariat and baggage waggon, as in the example (Carrus/1.1), from the Column of Trajan, on which such vehicles are frequently represented. The name is of Celtic origin, as was the vehicle itself, having been extensively employed by the ancient Britons, Gauls, Helvetii, &c. Sisenn. ap. Non. s. v. p. 125. Liv. x. 28. Caes. B. G. i. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cartibulum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CARTIB'ULUM. A particular kind of table, made of stone or marble, with an oblong square slab for the top, and supported by a single central pedestal, or after the manner of those now called console tables by our upholsterers. It was not used as a dining-table, but as an ornamental slab or sideboard for holding the plate and vases belonging to the household, and used to stand on one side of the atrium with the vessels arranged upon it. (Varro, L. L. v. 125.) This account from Varro is accurately illustrated by the engraving (Cartibulum/1.1), which represents a marble table of the kind, as it was discovered on the margin of the impluvium in the house of the Nereids at Pompeii. Behind it is a fountain, and underneath it there is a sort of sink, divided into two compartments, into which the drainings or residue from the vessels were emptied before they were put upon the table.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caryatides

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CARYAT'IDES (Καρυάτιδες). Female figures employed instead of columns by the ancient architects to support an entablature, as seen in the annexed engraving (Caryatides/1.1), which represents the portico attached to the temple of Pandrosos at Athens. Vitruv. i. 1. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Casa

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CASA. Generally a cottage; understood in the same latitude of meaning which we apply to that word in our own language; for instance: —
1. A cottage proper (Vitruv. ii. 1. 3. and 5. Pet. Sat. 115. 6.); the first regular effort in building of the pastoral ages, and which continued afterwards as the constant model for the residence of a village population. Of this description was the thatched cottage of Romulus on the Capitoline hill (casa Romuli, Vitruv. ii. 1. Pet. Fragm. 21. 6.), and those of the aboriginal inhabitants of Latium, of which the illustration (Casa/1.1) here introduced may be regarded as an authentic and highly curious example. It is copied from an earthenware vase, now preserved amongst the Egyptian and other antiquities in the British Museum, but originally employed as a sepulchral urn, which was discovered in the year 1817 amongst several others in the form of temples, helmets, &c., at Marino, near the ancient Alba Longa, imbedded in a sort of white earth under a thick stratum of volcanic lava (the Italian peperino), which flowed from the Alban mount before its eruptions became extinct; previously to which period these vases must in consequence have been deposited there, an irresistible proof of their great antiquity. Visconti, Lettera al Sigr. Giuseppe Carnevali, sopra alcuni Vasi sepolcrali rinvenuti nella vicinanza della antica Alba Longa. Roma. 1817.
2. A small country-house (Mart. Ep. vi. 43.); built, as we should say, in cottage fashion, upon a far less grand or magnificent scale than the regular villa or country mansion, as represented in the annexed engraving (Casa/2.1), from a painting at Pompeii, which affords a good idea of the small Roman country-house, with its courtyard, outbuildings, and live stock. When Martial (Ep. xii. 66.) used the words domus and casa as convertible terms, it is purposely and pointedly, in order to insinuate that the domus or town-house was but a poor and ill-built one; i. e. no better than a casa or cottage.
3. A bower or rustic arbour, made of osiers and branches, and sometimes covered with vines, as in the example (Casa/3.1) from the ancient mosaic of Praeneste. Tribull. ii. 1. 24.
4. A sort of wigwam or hut which the soldiery sometimes formed with branches of trees, as a substitute for a tent. Veget. Mil. ii. 10.
* Casa/1.1
* Casa/2.1
* Casa/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Caseus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CA'SEUS (τυρός). Cheese (Varro, L. L. v. 108.); which the ancients made from the milk of cows, sheep, and goats (Varro, R. R. ii. 11.), and eat in a fresh state, like cream cheese, or dried and hardened. (Id. ib.) It was also pressed and made into ornamental shapes by boxwood moulds (Columell. vii. 8. 7.). Pliny (H. N. xi. 97.) enumerates the different places where the best cheeses were made.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cassidarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CASSIDA'RIUS. An armourer who makes metal helmets. Inscript. ap. Muret. 959. 5.
2. An office whose duty it was to take charge of the metal helmets in the Imperial armoury. Inscript ap. Reines. 8. 70.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cassida

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CASS'IDA. Same as CASSIS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cassis (helmet)

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAS'SIS, -idis (κόρυς). A casque or helmet made of metal, as contradistinguished from GALEA, a helmet of leather (Isidor. Orig. xviii. 14. compare Tac. Germ. 6.); but this distinction is not always observed (Ov. Met. viii. 25., where both names are given to the same helmet); and as the latter is the more common name, the different kinds and forms are described and illustrated under that word.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cassis (net)

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CASSIS, -is (ἄρκυς). One of the nets employed by the ancients in hunting wild animals, such as boars and deer. (Isidor. Orig. xix. 5. 4. Ov. A. Am. i. 392. Mart. Ep. iii. 58.) It was a sort of purse or tunnel net, the mouth of which was kept open by branches of trees, and so deceived the animal who was driven into it, when it was immediately closed by a running rope (epidromus) round the neck. Yates, Textrin. Antiq. p. 422.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Castellarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CASTELLA'RIUS. An officer who had the charge of superintending the public reservoir (castellum) of an aqueduct. Front. Aq. 117. Inscript. ap. Grut. 601. 7.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Casteria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CASTER'IA. A place in which the oars, rudders, and moveable gear of a vessel were laid up, when the ship was not in commission; or, as others think, a particular compartment in the vessel itself, to which the rowers retired to rest themselves when relieved from duty. Non. s. v. p. 85. Plaut. Asin. iii. i. 16. Scheffer, Mil. Nav. ii. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Castrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CASTRUM. An augmentative of CASA, meaning in its primary sense a large or strongly-built hut, and thence a fort or fortress; though the diminutive CASTELLUM was retained in more common use. Nepos, Alcib. 9. Virg. Aen. vi. 776.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Castula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CAS'TULA. A woman's petticoat; worn next the skin, and fastened under the breast, which it left exposed. (Varro, de Vit. Pop. Rom. ap. Non. s. v. Caltula, p. 584.) In early works of art, it is often represented as the only under garment or sole article of the attire, similar to the figure in the engraving (Castula/1.1), from a bas-relief on an Etruscan tomb; but the Roman women mostly wore a tunic or some other article of dress over the breast and shoulders, so that the two covered the person as much as an upper and under tunic; in which case the upper part of the petticoat, as well as the bosom, is concealed under the skirts of the outer covering. In this manner it is worn by Silvia in the Vatican Virgil (p. 146.), and by a female figure amongst the Pompeian paintings. Mus. Borb. xiv. 2. compare xii. 57., where the castula is put on over a long-sleeved tunic, but fastened over the shoulders and round the waist in the same manner as above.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Casula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CA'SULA. Diminutive of CASA. Any very small cottage or humble dwelling in general; but, more especially, a temporary hut or cabin of a conical form, which sheep and goat herds erected on the lands where their flocks pastured; and agricultural peasants in the fields for their shelter at harvest time. (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 37. Juv. Sat. xi. 153.) The example (Casula/1.1) is from a Pompeian painting representing a rustic scene; and the illustration introduced in CAPRARIUS shows a goat-herd's hut of similar character. The second meaning belonging to this word is also an evidence of the first.
2. A hooded cloak or capote; such as was worn by the country people, and universally given to Telesphorus, the attendant of Aesculapius, as he is represented in the annexed example (Casula/2.1), from an engraved gem. When the hood is drawn over the head, as here, the whole garment presents an appearance very similar to the cabin last described, and from this resemblance the term originated, being probably a sort of nick-name, or familiar word amongst the lower orders. Isidor. Orig. xix. 24. 17.
* Casula/1.1
* Casula/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cataclista

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATACLIS'TA sc. vestis (Apul. Met. xi. 245.; but neither the reading nor the meaning of the word is free from uncertainty.) A term which some have interpreted to mean a dress kept shut up in the wardrobe, and only taken out to be worn upon great occasions as a holiday dress (Salmas. ad Tertull. de Pall. 3.); others, with more apparent reason, a garment without any opening, but fitting tight and close to the person, like those commonly seen on Egyptian statues. Visconti, Mus. Pio-Clem. vi. 14.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catadromus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATAD'ROMUS. A rope extended in a slanting position from the ground to some elevated point in a theatre, upon which rope-dancers ascended and descended; a feat which, however extraordinary it may appear, is also recorded to have been performed in the Roman amphitheatre by an elephant with a rider on its back. (Suet. Nero 11. compare Galb. 6. and Plin. H. N. viii. 2.) The illustration (Catadromus/1.1) is from a medal of Caracalla; the slanting ropes and the dancers on them are clearly indicated, while the baskets and palm branches on the top represent the prizes for those who succeed in reaching up to them.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catagrapha

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATAG'RAPHA (τà κατάγραφα). Paintings in which the figures are drawn in perspective, or, as the artists have it, fore-shortened, so that, although the whole figure is represented, only a portion of it is seen by the spectator (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 34.); a practice now considered as indicating great skill on the part of the artist, but which the ancient painters seldom had recourse to. The illustration (Catagrapha/1.1) here introduced is from a Pompeian picture, which represents Agamemnon conducting Chryseis on board the vessel which was to convey her to her father. The figure of Agamemnon is slightly foreshortened in its upper portion; but, slight as that is, it is the closest approximation towards such a mode of treatment discoverable in the whole of the works executed by the artists of Pompeii. Even in the celebrated mosaic which represents the battle of Issus, the largest pictorial composition, and richest in number of figures, which has descended to us, the whole of them are represented in full front or side views, and in postures nearly erect, though in the most energetic action. But, with the exception of some arms and legs, and one horse which has his back turned to the spectator, there is no attempt at fore-shortening the figure in the sense now understood, whereby an entire figure is portrayed upon the canvass, within a space which otherwise would only admit a part of it. Even the three men who are wounded, and upon the ground, have their bodies presented in profile, and at full length, their legs and arms only being slightly foreshortened. The same observations are equally applicable to the designs on fictile vases.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cataphractarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATAPHRACTA'RIUS. Same as CATAPHRACTUS. Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 56. Ammian. xvi. 2. 5. ib. 10. 8. and 12. 63.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cataphracta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATAPHRAC'TA (καταφράκτης). A term employed by Vegetius to designate generally any kind of breast-plate worn by the Roman infantry from the earliest period until the reign of the Emperor Gratianus. Veget. Mil. i. 20.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cataphractus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATAPHRAC'TUS (κατάφρακτος). A heavy-armed cavalry-soldier (Sallust ap. Non. s. v. p. 556.), whose horse, as well as himself, was covered with a complete suit of armour (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. xi. 770.), like the scaled back of a crocodile (Ammian. xxii. 15, 16); more especially characteristic of some foreign nations; the Parthians (Prop. iii. 12. 12.), Persians (Liv. xxxvii. 40.), and Sarmatians (Tac. Hist. i. 79.), as shown by the illustration (Cataphractus/1.1) representing a Sarmatian cataphract, from the Column of Trajan.
2. Sisenna (ap. Non. l. c.) applies the same term to an infantry soldier, by which it is to be understood that he is armed cap-a-pie in heavy body armour, consisting of helmet, cuirass, cuisses, or thigh pieces, and greaves, as seen in the illustration s. OCREATUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catapirates

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATAPIRA'TES (βολίς). The lead which sailors use for taking soundings. It had tallow fixed to the bottom, in the same way as now, for the purpose of ascertaining the nature of the ground, whether of sand, rock, pebbles, or shells, and if fit for anchorage or not. (Lucil. Sat. p. 82. 11. ed Gerlach. Isidor. Orig. xix. 4. 10.) In the illustration (Catapirates/1.1), from a marble bas-relief, of which there is a cast in the British Museum, it is represented as hanging from the head of a vessel.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Catapultarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CATAPULTA'RIUS (καταπελτικός). Any thing used with, or belonging to, a catapult; hence pilum catapultarium (Plaut. Curc. iii. 5. 11.), a dart of large and heavy description, made for the purpose of being projected from the catapulta. (Compare Polyb. xi. 11. 3.) The illustration (Catapultarius/1.1) is taken from the Column of Trajan, and also affords an insight into the manner of using and working these engines.