OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Antecessores

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTECESSO'RES. Light cavalry soldiers who formed the advanced guard of an army on the march; they cleared the way for the main body, and selected the positions for a halt or a camp. Hirt. Bell. Afr. 12. Suet. Vit. 17.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Antecursores

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTECURSO'RES. Same as ANTECESSORES. Caes. Bell. Civ. 1. 16.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Antefixa

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTEFIX'A. Ornaments in terra-cotta, invented by the Etruscan architects, from whom they were borrowed by the Romans, and used to decorate various parts of an edifice externally as well as internally, to cover a flat surface, or conceal the junctures between two blocks of masonry, or to make an ornamental finish to any rough or inelegant contour. Hence the name is specially applied to the following distinct objects.
1. Long flat slabs of terra-cotta with designs in relief, which were nailed along the whole surface of a frieze (zophorus), in order to enrich the entablature, and give to the part a finished and ornamental effect. The Greek artists sculptured the marble itself, and held such a contrivance for concealing defects in supreme contempt. (Liv. xxxiv. 4.) The illustration (Antefixa/1.1) represents an original antefix found at Rome, which had once been used for the purpose described. The holes for the nails by which it was fastened up are perceivable on the surface.
2. Ornaments of the same material which were affixed to the cornice of an entablature, for the purpose of affording a vent for the rain weater to discharge itself from the roof into the street. (Fest. s. v.) They represent the "gurgoils" of Gothic architecture, but are of a more simple design, and most frequently formed by the mask of a lion's head, in allusion to the inundation of the Nile, which takes place when the sun is in the sign of Leo. The illustration (Antefixa/2.1) is taken from an original found at Rome, which shows a round hole in the mouth, where a leaden tube was inserted to form a spout for the discharge of the water.
3. Upright ornaments placed along the top of an entablature, above the upper member of the cornice, to conceal the ends of the ridge tiles (imbrices), and the juncture of the flat ones. The illustration (Antefixa/3.1) represents a front and side view of two originals found at Rome; the upper figure, in the centre, shows the ends of the tiles as they appear without the antefix, the one beneath it with the antefixes attached; the right-hand figure also shows the shoulder at the back, which was inserted under the imbrex, to fix it up; and the left-hand one, which has an image of Victory on its face, thus presents a graphic commentary to the passage of Livy (xxvi. 23.), where he mentions that the statue of Victory on the top of the temple of Concord, fell down, and was caught by the Victories in the antefixes: Victoria, quae in culmine erat, fulmine icta decussaque, ad Victorias, quae in antefixis erant, haesit, &c.
* Antefixa/1.1
* Antefixa/2.1
* Antefixa/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Antenna

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTEN'NA (ἐπίκριον). The yard-arm of a ship; which was made of a single piece of fir when the vessel was a small one, but of two pieces braced together for those of a larger size. Hence the word is often met with in the plural number, while the sail attached to it is at the same time expressed by the singular — antennis totum subnectite velum (Ovid, Met. xi. 483.). Small yards of a single piece are represented in several of the wood-cuts, illustrative of ancient shipping in different parts of this work; and the yard introduced at p. 36. s. v. ANQUINA shows distinctly the manner in which the two pieces were joined together for the larger kinds. The yard itself is taken from a bas-relief on a tomb at Pompeii; the details of the sail and truss by which it is fixed to the mast, from two terra-cotta lamps of Bartoli.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Antepagmentum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTEPAGMEN'TUM. The jamb of a door-case; especially so termed when the jamb was made with an ornamental moulding which projected before the upright pillar (scapus cardinalis) that formed the pivot on which the door turned, and concealed it entirely from view on the outside. Vitruv. iv. 6. Festus, s. v. Cato. R. R. xiv. 4.
This will be readily understood by the illustration (Antepagmentum/1.1), which represents an elevation and ground-plan of the ancient door and door-case still remaining to the church of S. Theodore at Rome, formerly the temple of Remus. On the right side the antepagmentum is cut away in order to expose the shaft and socket, while the left side and the ground-plan show the manner in which those parts were concealed by the antepagmentum, and explain the real meaning of the word. It will also be observed that a door so constructed could only open inwards; the style of the door, to which the pivot was affixed, and the socket in which it turned, being placed behind a projecting part of the jamb, which was hollowed to receive it, and thus formed a sort of frame lapping over the edges of the door on the outside, so as to exclude the external air from the interior.
2. Antepagmentum superius. Vitruv. iv. 6. 1. The lintel of a door-case; especially when the door opened inwards, and the moulding of the lintel lapped over its upper edge, in the same manner as just described with respect to the jambs on the sides, a construction commonly adopted in the houses at Pompeii, where the doors are usually placed entirely behind the door case.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Anterides

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTE'RIDES (ἐρείσματα). Buttresses built up against the outisde of a wall to support it if weak (Vitruv. vi. 8. 6.), seldom employed by the Greek or Roman architects, except to strengthen a foundation. The illustration (Anterides/1.1) shows the construction of the Cloaca Maxima at Rome, with external buttresses on each side of the masonry, as seen in an excavation superintended by Piranesi. These buttresses, however, are formed of a different stone from the rest of the work, and were not part of the original construction, but may be regarded as vestiges of the repairs which the sewers underwent upon the occasion alluded to by Dionysius (iii. 67.), when a sum of not less than 200,000l. of our money was laid out upon them.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Antepilani

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTEPILA'NI. The men who, in the battle array of the Roman legion, were drawn up before the Pilani or Triarii, who were posted in the third line. Thus it is a general term, comprising the soldiers of the two first lines, and including both the Hastati and Principes, as they were respectively called. Liv. viii. 8.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Antesignani

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTESIGNA'NI. A body of the boldest and best men of the legion, who were stationed immediately before the standards to prevent their being captured by the enemy. Caes. B. C. i. 57. Liv. xxii. 5. Id. ix. 39.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Antestor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTES'TOR. To summon a person, or ask him to become witness that a defendant refuses to come into court. On such occasions the plaintiff asked any of the bystanders to bear witness of the defendant's contempt, by the words licet antestari; upon receiving his assent, he touched the ear of his witness, then seized upon the person of his opponent, and dragged him forcibly into the court. Plaut. Pers. iv. 9. 10. Hor. Sat. i. 9. 78. Plin. H. N. xi. 103.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Antiae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTIAE. The ringlets of a woman's head of hair, which hang down to the ears from the temples (Festus, s. v. Isidor. Orig. xix. 31. 8.), and likewise the side locks of males, when studiously arranged in the same way from the temples down the sides of the face (Apul. Flor. i. 3. 3.); as in the example, from a small bronze figure found at Herculaneum. The illustration (Antiae/1.1) to ANADEMA shows these ringlets as worn by females, from a Pompeian painting.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Antilena

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTILE'NA. A breast strap attached to the pack saddles of a beast of burden, in order to keep the saddle from sliding backwards. (Isidor. Orig. xx. 16.) It was fastened to the front of the saddle on both sides, and passed across the chest of the animal, as in the illustration (Antilena/1.1) from a painting at Herculaneum; and was a necessary appendage to the pack-saddle in all mountainous countries, where the ascents are steep.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Antiquarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTIQUA'RIUS. A term used under the empire, and distinct from Librarius, to designate a person employed in copying old books (Isidor. Orig. vi. 14. 1.), and who wrote in the old uncial character after the running letters had come into general use. Becker, Gallus. i. p. 164. Transl.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Antlia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANTLIA (ἀντλία). A pump, or other machine for raising water, including all the various contrivances adopted by the ancients for that purpose; and not indicating any particular construction; the word being used by Martial (Ep. ix. 19. 4.) to designate the pole and bucket; by Suetonius (Tib. 51.), the water treadwheel; and by Callixenus (ap. Athen. v. 43.), the Archimedean screw. The different machines thus comprised under the general term Antlia are described and illustrated under their own specific names, and are as follows: — 1. ROTA AQUARIA; 2. TYMPANUM; 3. TOLLENO; 4. GIRGILLUS; 5. CTESIBICA MACHINA and SIPHO; 6. COCHLEA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Anularius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANULA'RIUS and ANNULA'RIUS. One who follows the trade of making rings. (Cic. Acad. ii. 46.) The ring makers formed a distinct collegium or company at Rome. Inscript. ap. Murat. 2015. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Anulatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ANULA'TUS and ANNULA'TUS. In general, having or being furnished with rings; whence
1. Anulati pedes, having fetters on the feet, in the manner of the farming slaves amongst the Romans, who worked in chains (Apul. Met. ix. p. 184.), as in the example (Anulatus/1.1), from an engraved gem.
2. Anulatae aures. Ears with rings in them (Plaut. Poen. v. 2. 20.), as in the example (Anulatus/2.1), from a Pompeian painting.
* Anulatus/1.1
* Anulatus/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Apalare

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APALA'RE or APPLA'RE. A description of ladle or spoon, more particularly intended for cooking or handing round soft boiled or perhaps poached eggs (Gloss. Isid.); though it was also employed for other purposes. (Auson. Epist. xxi.) The illustration (Apalare/1.1) is copied from an original of bronze found in a kitchen at Pompeii, which, it is believed, affords a specimen of one of these implements.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Apex

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APEX. Literally a pointed piece of olive wood, set in a flock of wool, which was worn on the top of the head by the Flamines and Salii (Festus, s. v. Albogalerus. Serv. ad Virg. A. x. 270.). It was fastened by a fillet on each side, or to a cap which fitted the head, as in the example (Apex/1.1), from a Roman bas-relief; whence the word apex is often put for the cap itself. Fabius Pictor ap. Gell. x. 15. 3. Liv. vi. 41.
2. (κῶνος). The ridge on the top of a helmet to which the crest of horsehair was affixed. (Isidor. Orig. xviii. 14. 2. Virg. Aen. xii. 492.) The apex itself is prominently shown in the annexed example (Apex/2.1), which is copied from a bronze original found at Pompeii; but a specimen, with the horse-hair crest attached, is given under the article GALEA.
* Apex/1.1
* Apex/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aphractus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APHRAC'TUS or APHRAC'TUM (ἄφρακτον). A ship without a deck, or only partially covered fore and aft, in the manner which we term half-decked. (Cic. Att. v. 13.) The illustration (Aphractus/1.1) is copied from the Vatican Virgil, and shows by the relative height of the men that it has no deck in the centre; by comparing the decked ship (s. v. NAVIS CONSTRATA), the different construction of the two will be readily apparent.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Apiarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APIA'RIUM (μελισσών, μελισσοτροφεῖον). An apiary, or place where a number of beehives are kept. Columell. ix. 5. 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Apiarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APIA'RIUS (μελισσεύς — οὐργός). One who tends and keeps bees. Plin. H. N. xxi. 31.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Apodyterium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APODYTE'RIUM (ἀποδυτήριον). An undressing-room; especially a chamber in the baths (Cic. Q. Fr. iii. 1. 1. Plin. Ep. v. 6. 25.), where the visitors undressed, and left their clothes while bathing; for in the public establishments every person was compelled by law to strip himself before he passed into the interior apartments, as a check to robbery, and to prevent the concealment of stolen articles about the person. (Cic. Cael. 26.) The illustration (Apodyterium/1.1) represents the interior of the Apodyterium in the baths at Pompeii; its relative position with regard to the other apartments of the establishment may be seen on the ground-plan of BALINEAE, on which it is marked A. It is furnished with three doors: the one on the left, at the further end of the engraving, is the general entrance from the outside; that on the right of it opens into the cold bath; and the nearest one on the right gives access to the warm bath. Seats for dressing and undressing upon run along three sides of the room; and holes are seen in the walls, in which wooden pegs were fixed for hanging up the clothes. The small dark niche under the window served to contain a lamp.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aplustre

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APLUS'TRE and APLUS'TRUM (ἄφλαστον). An ornament made of wooden planks, somewhat resembling the feathers of a bird's wing, which was commonly placed on the stern of a ship. (Lucan. iii. 586. Lucret. iv. 439.) The illustration (Aplustre/1.1) represents an aplustre in detail from an ancient bas-relief, of which there is a cast in the British Museum; the situation which it occupied upon the vessel is shown in the preceding wood-cut.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Apicatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APICA'TUS. Wearing the apex or pointed cap of the Flamen Dialis. (Ovid. Fast. iii. 397.) See the engraving in the preceding column, and article FLAMEN.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Apophoreta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APOPHORE'TA (ἀποφόρητα). Presents which a host gave to his guests at the conclusion of an entertainment, to be carried home with them. Compliments of this kind were more especially customary during the fête of the Saturnalia. Suet. Cal. 55. Id. Vesp. 19.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aposphragisma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APOSPHRAGIS'MA (ἀποσφράγισμα). The device or impression upon a signet ring. (Plin. Epist. x. 55. 3.) See the illustrations s. v. ANULUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Apotheca

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APOTHE'CA (ἀποθήκη). A store-room or repository for any description of stock. (Cic. Vatin. 5. Id. Phil. ii. 27.) This word contains the elements of the Italian bottega, and French boutique, a shop; but that is a perversion of the original sense; which did not mean a store in which goods were kept for sale, but only for the private use of the owner. Compare TABERNA.
2. In a more special sense by the Romans, a store room for wine in the upper part of the house (whence Horace, Od. iii. 21. 7. descende testa; Plin. Ep. ii. 17. 13. Plin. H. N. xiv. 14. 6. and 7.), where it was kept to ripen in amphorae, or, as we might say, "in bottle;" whereas the new wine in dolia and cupae, or, according to our expression "in the wood," was placed below in the cella vinaria. [CELLA.]
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Apotheosis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APOTHEO'SIS (αποθέωσις). A word borrowed from the Greek language, but only used at a late period (Tertull. Apol. 34.), for which the Latin term is CONSECRATIO, which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Apparitores

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
APPARITO'RES. A collective name given to the public officers attached to the service of the Roman magistrates, including the ACCENSI, LICTORES, PRAECONES, SCRIBAE, VIATORES, &c. Cic. Q. Fr. 1. 1. 4. Suet. Tib. 11.
2. In the army, the servants who waited upon the military tribunes. Hirt. B. Afr. 37. Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 52.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aquaeductus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AQUAEDUCTUS (ὑδραγωγεῖον). An aqueduct; an artificial channel, frequently of many miles in length, for the purpose of conveying a pure stream of water from its source to any determinate point (Cic. Att. xiii. 6. Frontinus de Aquaeduct.) The illustration (Aquaeductus/1.1) represents a portion of the aqueduct constructed by the emperor Claudius, which is built of travertine stone, and upon a single tier of arches; but some aqueducts conveyed as many as three separate streams in distinct channels, one above another; and others were built with two or three tiers of arches, according to the nature of the sites over which they passed. The channel (specus), through which the water flowed, is seen, uncovered at the top.