OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Equile

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EQUI'LE (ἱππόστασις). A stable for horses. (Varro, R. R. ii. 7. 15. Suet. Cal. 55.) The engraving (Equile/1.1) represents an ancient stable on the bay of Centorbi in Sicily, probably the only genuine specimen of such buildings now remaining. It is constructed of masonry, and vaulted at the top: is not divided into stalls, each animal being separated from his neighbour by a swinging bar, if necessary. The manger, which recedes gradually inwards from the top, is also of masonry, and divided into a number of cribs (φατνώματα), a separate one for each horse, and not formed in one long line, common to all. The rope of the head stall passed through a small aperture in front of each crib, and was fastened by a block on the opposite side of the wall, which will be readily understood from the drawing and the horse introduced for that purpose.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Equiso

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EQUI'SO. A groom who leads out horses to exercise. Varro, ap. Non. s. v. pp. 105. 450. Val. Max. vii. 3. Ext. 1, 2.
2. Equiso nauticus. One who tows a boat up the stream by a rope. Varro, ap. Non. ll. cc.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Equuleus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EQUUL'EUS. Literally, a young horse, or colt; whence transferred, in a special sense, to a wooden machine upon which slaves were placed to extract evidence from them by torture. (Cic. Mil. 21. Quint. Curt. vi. 10.) The ancient writers have not left any description by which the exact nature of this contrivance can be ascertained; and their artists never depicted scenes calculated to awaken painful emotions. But the expressions used to describe the treatment of the sufferer — in equuleo; or, in equuleum impositus — lead to the conjecture that it was something in the nature of the crux, and the punishment a sort of impalement; the criminal being made to sit bare on a sharp point, with heavy weights attached to his arms and legs, in order to increase the natural pressure of the body, as shown by the annexed engraving (Equuleus/1.1), which represents an instrument of punishment formerly used at Mirandola, in the north of Italy, and which, in confirmation of the suggestion, was called by the same name, the colt, il cavaletto.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Equus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EQUUS. A stallion; properly distinguished from equa, a mare, and from canterius, a gelding.
2. Equus publicus. The horse allotted by the state to each of the old Roman knights (equites), for the performance of cavalry duty, which was purchased and kept at the public expense. Liv. v. 7. Cic. Phil. vi. 5. Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 9.
3. Equus curtus. A horse which had its tail docked (Prop. iv. 1. 20.); not a common practice amongst the ancients. Horace applies the same epithet to a mule (Sat. i. 6. 104.), apparently in disparagement; but a crop-tailed horse was offered annually as a sacrifice to Mars (Festus, s. October equus); and possibly the small bronze cast, from which the annexed figure (Equus/3.1) is copied, was intended to commemorate that custom.
4. Equus Trojanus. The Trojan horse, by means of which the Greek soldiery enclosed in its belly were enabled, according to the fable, to open the gates of Troy to their comrades, and thus captured the city. (Cic. Muren. 37. Hygin. Fab. 108.) Many ancient representations of this stratagem remain in painting, sculpture, and engraved gems, corresponding generally with the figure annexed (Equus/4.1), which is copied from a miniature in the Vatican Virgil, showing the platform and wheels by which it was moved, the door which Sinon opens to let the inmates out, who descend to the ground by sliding down a rope, all as minutely detailed by Virgil, Aen. ii. 257 — 264.
5. Equus bipes. A sea-horse; a monster composed of the fore-hand and two front legs of a horse, with the body ending in a fish's tail; fabulously and poetically attached to the marine chariot of Neptune and Proteus. (Virg. Georg. iv. 389. Pervigil. Ven. 10.) The example (Equus/5.1) is from a Pompeian painting.
6. Equus fluviatilis. The river horse, or hippopotamus. Plin. H. N. viii. 30.
7. Equus ligneus. Poetically for a ship. Plaut. Rud. i. 5. 10.
8. A battering engine for beating down walls (Prop. iii. 1. 25.); subsequently, and better known by the name of the ram. (Plin. H. N. vii. 57.) See ARIES.
* Equus/3.1
* Equus/4.1
* Equus/5.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ergastularius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ERGASTULA'RIUS. A person who had the charge of superintending an ergastulum, and the slaves confined in it. He acted as a gaoler and taskmaster, to see that their work was done, and was himself a slave, though placed in a confidential office. Columell. i. 8. 17.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ergastulum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ERGAS'TULUM. A sort of prison and place of correction attached to the farms and country villas of the Romans, in which those of the slave family who were kept in fetters (compediti, nexi, vincti) were lodged and made to work in irons; whereas, the rest, who were not chained, were provided with separate accommodation (cellae, contubernia) in other parts of the establishment. (Columell. i. 6. 3. Compare 8. 16. Apul. Apol. p. 482. Brut. ad Cic. Fam. xi. 13.) As Columella recommends that such places should be constructed underground, we may conclude that it was not the universal practice to do so.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ergastulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ERGAS'TULUS. A slave condemned to the ergastulum. Lucil. Sat. xv. 8. ed. Gerlach.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ergata

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ER'GATA (ἐργάτης). A capstan or windlass, for drawing up vessels on to the shore, and for moving heavy weights generally. Vitruv. x. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ericius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ERIC'IUS. Literally, a hedgehog; a name also given to a contrivance for defending the gates of a camp or any fortified place, consisting of a long beam, studded with iron spikes, and planted across the opening that required defence. (Caes. B. C. iii. 67. Sallust, Hist. ap. Non. p. 555.) The beam across the gateway represented in the engraving s. CATARACTA, 3., if furnished with spikes., would afford an example of the ericius.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Essedarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ESSEDA'RIUS. A British, Gaulish, and Belgic warrior, who drove and fought from a war car (essedum) in the manner described by Caesar (B. G. iv. 33.). Cic. Fam. vii. 6.
2. A captive from either of the above nations, who was made to exhibit his national mode of fighting, from the essedum, as a gladiator in the Roman amphitheatre. Suet. Cal. 35. Claud. 21.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Esseda

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ES'SEDA or ES'SEDUM. An uncovered car or cart, upon two wheels, open in front, but closed behind, and drawn by two horses, commonly used in warfare by the ancient Britons, Gauls, and Belgae. (Caes. B. G. iv. 33. Id. v. 16. Virg. Georg. iii. 204. Serv. ad l.). The Romans also constructed carriages after the same model, which they employed for ordinary purposes, and designated by the same name (Cic. Att. vi. 1. Ov. Pont. ii. 10. 34. Suet. Cal. 51.); but no representation either of the original British car, or of the Roman imitation of it, is known to exist in any authentic monument.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Euripus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EURI'PUS (εὔριπος). Any artificial canal, or water course, of greater or lesser extent, such as were made to ornament a villa (Cic. Leg. ii. 1. Seneca, Ep. 83.); to afford a body of water for a spectacle to display amphibious or aquatic animals from foreign parts (Plin. viii. 40.); and especially, a moat filled with water constructed by Julius Caesar round the interior of the Circus Maximus (Suet. Caes. 39. Plin. H. N. viii. 7.), in order to protect the spectator from the sudden irruption of any animal, when hunts and shows of wild beasts were exhibited in it. This was afterwards filled up by Nero (Plin. l. c.); and the name of euripus transferred, at a subsequent age, to the barrier (spina) which ran down the centre of the course. Tertull. adv. Hermog. 31. Sidon. Carm. xxiii. 356.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Eustylos

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EUSTYLOS (εὔστυλος). A colonnade in which the intervals between the columns have the width of two diameters and a quarter; the style considered to be the most perfect in respect of solidity of structure, beauty of appearance, and general convenience. (Vitruv. iii. 2. 1.) The annexed diagram (Eustylos/1.1) shows the five different kinds of intercolumniation used by the ancients, with their relative intervals, amongst which the eustyle occupies the third line.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Everriculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EVERRIC'ULUM. The ordinary fishing-net (Varro, R. R. iii. 17. 7. Apul. Apol. p. 457. Non. s. v. p. 34.); which, as represented in the annexed wood-cut (Everriculum/1.1), from a fresco painting in the palace of Titus at Rome, appears to have been very similar to those used by the fishermen of our own days.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Evocati

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EVOCA'TI. Veterans who had served their time, but enlisted again as volunteers. They were not subject to the common military duties of the gregarian or legionary soldier, but seem to have held a superior rank, and to have acted in the capacity of centurions, whose costume and badges of distinction they enjoyed; being represented on sepulchral monuments with the vinerod (vitis) in one hand, a sword on the left side (parazonium), and a roll of paper, indicating, perhaps, their carte of discharge, in the other; as shown by the annexed figure (Evocati/1.1), from a sepulchral marble, which also bears the inscription AUR . JULIANUS . EVOK. Cic. Fam. iii. 6. Caes. B. G. vii. 65. B. C. i. 17.
2. The same title was subsequently conferred upon a body of young men selected from the equestrian families, and formed into a corps, by the emperor Galba, to which the duty of keeping guard at the doors of the imperial bed-chamber was entrusted. Suet. Galb. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Exacisculatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXACISCULA'TUS. Dilapidated, destroyed, or pulled out with a "pick" (acisculus); a common way of breaking into tombs, for the purpose of stealing the valuables deposited in them. Hence, the word is of frequent occurrence on sepulchral inscriptions, in the form of a caution to the public against the commission of such an offence. Inscript. ap. Mur. 1028. 2. ap Don. cl. 12. n. 27.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Examen

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXA'MEN. The tongue on the beam of a balance, rising perpendicularly from the beam, and moving in an eye affixed to the same, by which it serves to point out the equality or inequality of weight between the objects in the scale. (Virg. Aen. xii. 725. Pers. Sat. i. 6.) The illustration (Examen/1.1) represents a scale beam furnished with such a tongue and eye, from an original of bronze preserved amongst the Roman antiquities in the British Museum.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Exasciatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXASCIA'TUS. Hewn out of the rough, and into shape with a carpenter's adze (ascia); and, as this was the first operation before finishing and polishing with other and finer tools, the expression opus exasciatum implies a work already somewhat advanced; i. e., in which all the preliminaries have been successfully got through. Plaut. As. ii. 2. 93.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Excalceatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXCALCEA'TUS. Literally, without shoes (calcei, Suet. Vesp. 8.); thence, in a special sense, a comic actor (Seneca, Ep. 8.), as contradistinguished from a tragic one (cothurnatus), who wore upon the stage a close boot, which enveloped the whole foot; whereas the chaussure of the comedian was not a close shoe or regular calceus, but a mere sole bound on with leather straps, which left the toes and great part of the foot exposed, as shown by the annexed figure (Excalceatus/1.1), from a bas-relief representing a comic scene.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Excubitores

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXCUBITO'RES. Sentries and watchmen, including those who performed military as well as civil duties (Caes. B. G. vii. 69. Columell. vii. 12.), and who kept watch by night or day (excubiae); in which respect they are distinguished from Vigiles, a name given only to night watches.
2. Under the Empire, the same term was specially applied to a body of soldiers belonging to the imperial cohort to whom the duty of guarding the emperor's palace was entrusted. Suet. Nero, 8. Compare Otho, 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Excubitorium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXCUBITO'RIUM. The post where a corps de garde is stationed; of these there were fourteen in Rome itself, one for each of the regions into which that city was divided. P. Victor. de Reg. Urb. Rom.
# Euclidean plan/Proper isometry/Rotation/Fact

Let
    $\varphi \colon \mathbb {R} ^{2}\longrightarrow \mathbb {R} ^{2}$
be a proper linear isometry.
$\varphi$
and the describing matrix with respect to the standard basis has the form
    $D(\theta )={\begin{pmatrix}\operatorname {cos} \,\theta &-\operatorname {sin} \,\theta \\\operatorname {sin} \,\theta &\operatorname {cos} \,\theta \end{pmatrix}}\,$
with a uniquely determined rotation angle $\theta \in [0,2\pi [$.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Excusor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXCU'SOR (χαλκεύς). A copper-smith (Quint. ii. 21. 10.); but the reading is not certain.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Exedra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXED'RA (ἐξέδρα). An assembly room, or hall of conversation; a large and handsome apartment, sometimes covered in (Vitruv. vi. 3. 8.), and sometimes open to the sun and air (Vitruv. vii. 9. 2.), constituting one of the dependencies to a gymnasium, or to a private mansion of the first class. It was, in reality, a place fitted up for the reception of a party of savans to meet and converse in (Vitruv. v. 9. 2. Cic. N. D. i. 6.), as the philosophers were accustomed to do in the Greek Gymnasium and the Roman Thermae. For this purpose, it was frequently constructed with a circular absis (Plut. Alcib. 17.), in which rows of {{SEDES|seats0} were arranged for the company; and, in fact, is so delineated in a bas-relief of the Villa Albani (Wink. Mon. ined. 185.), representing a scientific discussion between several philosophers. Consequently, in our ground-plan describing the ruins of the GYMNASIUM at Ephesus (s. v.), the name of exedra is assigned to each of the two divisions at the bottom of the lateral corridors, which terminate with a similar absis.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Exedrium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXED'RIUM (ἐχέδριον). Diminutive of EXEDRA. Cic. Fam. vii. 23.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Exequiae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXEQ'UIAE. See EXSEQUIAE.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Exomis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXO'MIS (ἐχωμίς). A particular kind of Greek tunic, afterwards adopted by the Romans, without sleeves, very short (substricta), and entirely open down the right side, so that, when put on, the right shoulder (ὦμος), as well as the arm and breast, were left exposed. (Aul. Gell. vii. 12. 1.) It was the usual dress of persons employed in active and laborious occupations, such as slaves, rustics, artizans, and huntsmen; hence, in works of art, it is frequently worn by Vulcan, Charon, Daedalus, and Amazons, all of whom pursued a life of toil or industry, and in a similar form to that on the annexed figure (Exomis/1.1), representing a slave in attendance on a hunting party, from a Roman bas-relief.
2. The same term was also applied to the pallium (περίβλημα), Jull. Poll. vii. 48.), when it was arranged upon the person in such a manner as to present a similar appearance to that of the tunic last described; covering only the left shoulder, but leaving the right one with the arm and breast exposed, as exhibited by the annexed figure (Exomis/2.1) from the Vatican Virgil.
* Exomis/1.1
* Exomis/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Exostra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXO'STRA (ἐχώστρα). A wooden bridge or platform projected from a movable tower to the walls of a besieged town, over which the assailants passed on to the ramparts. Veg. Mil. iv. 21. and 17.
2. A machine employed upon the stage of the ancient theatres, for the purpose of revealing to the spectators the results of certain actions which could not be perpetrated before their eyes, such, for instance, as a murder, or any other atrocity which might wound their moral or religious feelings. The precise character of the machine, and the manner in which it was made to operate, is not thoroughly ascertained; further than the fact, that it was pushed forward from behind the scenes, and made to turn round by springs and wheels, so as to expose to view the object required; a dead body, for example, indicative of a murder or a suicide. Cic. Prov. Cons. 6. Jul. Pollux, iv. 128, 129.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Expediti

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
EXPEDI'TI. Literally, free and unencumbered; whence applied, in military language, as a descriptive name for the light-armed troops in general (velites, Festus, s. Advelitatio); or to the heavy-armed legionaries (Sisenn. ap. Non. s. v. p. 58. Cic. Att. viii. 9.), when equipped for rapid march; i. e. when the more cumbrous parts of their accoutrements and luggage (impedimenta) were transported in carts, and their offensive and defensive arms disposed about the person in the way most convenient for rapidity of transit. The annexed figure (Expediti/1.1), representing one of the legionary soldiers in the army of Trajan in a hurried line of march, compared with the illustration to IMPEDITUS, will afford a precise notion of the meaning conveyed by the term.