OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Monolinum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MONOLI'NUM. A necklace formed with a single string of pearls. Capitol. Maxim. Jun. 1. Left-hand figure s. MONILE, 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Monolithos

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MONOLITH'OS (μονόλιθος). Formed out of a single block of stone or marble, as a statue, column, or pillar. Laberius ap. Non. s. Lenis. p. 544. Ampel. 8. Compare Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 5. § 13.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Monoloris

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MONOLO'RIS, sc. vestis. Decorated with a single paragauda, or band of gold and purple, as explained s. PARAGAUDA. Aurel. Vopisc. 46.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Monopodium

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MONOPOD'IUM. A word coined from the Greek to denote a table supported upon a single foot and stem (Liv. xxxix. 6. Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 8.); though it is not met with in that language with the same meaning. The illustration (Monopodium/1.1) represents an original of marble found at Pompeii.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Monopteros

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MONOP'TEROS (μονόπτερος). Literally, with only one wing; whence adopted by architects to designate a circular shrine or temple, consisting of an open colonnade supporting a dome, under which an altar might be placed, but without any cell (cella, Vitruv. iv. 8. 1.), as shown by the annexed example (Monopteros/1.1). Vitruvius cites a temple of Bacchus at Teos as a specimen of this style (vii. Praef. 12.): and some architects recognize another instance in the existing ruins of an edifice at Pozzuoli, known as the temple of Serapis.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Monoxylus

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MONOX'YLUS (μονόξυλος). Literally, made out of a single piece of wood; applied adjectively to any small boat scooped out of a solid trunk, such as the linter, alveus, scaphula (Plin. H. N. vi. 26.); and, absolutely, as the name of a small broad-bottomed boat, employed by the Roman soldiers in making bridges over unfordable rivers. A certain number of these were usually transported with an army upon waggons (Veget. Mil. iii. 7.) and are repeatedly represented on the columns of Trajan and Antonine, from the latter of which the annexed example (Monoxylus/1.1) is taken.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Monumentum

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MONUMEN'TUM (μνήμα, μνημεῖον). In general, any monument, record, or memorial intended to perpetuate the memory of persons or things, such, for instance, as a statue, a building, or a temple, particularly one on which the name of the founder is inscribed. Caes. B. C. ii. 21. Cic. Verr. i. 4. Id. Div. i. 9. Ib. 28.
2. Monumentum sepulcri, or absolutely; a monument, tomb, or sepulchre, erected in memory of a deceased person, including both those in which the remains were actually deposited (sepulcrum, strictly), and such as were merely erected to record the memory of any one apart from the place where his remains were buried. (Florent. Dig. 11. 7. 42. Festus, s. v. Varro, L. L. vi. 45. Sulpic. ad Cic. Fam. iv. 12. Hor. Sat. i. 8. 13. Nepos, Dion. 10.) These monuments were not allowed within the city walls, excepting in a few solitary instances, granted as an especial distinction; but were usually constructed by the sides of the high roads in a long continuous line of magnificent elevation, forming a striking vista, suggestive of moral and noble sentiments to every passerby. The annexed illustration (Monumentum/1.1) represents a range of tombs on each side of the way immediately outside of the gates of Pompeii, on the high road to Herculaneum; and will convey an idea of the imposing character which the approach to ancient Rome must have possessed from the Appian way, on which the monuments of so many of her illustrious men, both civil and military, once stood. The remains and ruins of these are still visible to the eye, in a continuous line along both sides of the deserted road, for a distance of four or fives miles from the city.
3. (γνωρίσματα). The toys or tokens tied round the necks of infants when they were exposed as foundlings, in order that they might be recognized by any members of their families in after years, if they happened to survive (Ter. Eun. iv. 6. 15.); more usually designated by the general term CREPUNDIA, under which a more full description and illustration is introduced.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mora

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MORA (κνώδων, πτέρυξ). A projecting tooth or cross-bar on each side of a hunting-spear, below the head, and fixed to the ferrule or socket into which the shaft fits. Such an adjunct was more particularly employed in boar hunting; and its object was to prevent the point from penetrating too far, which would bring the animal into close contact with the huntsman; for as it came on with enormous weight and force, the shaft of the spear would follow the point unless it met with some resistance, up to the hands of the person who held it. (Grat. Cyneg. 110. Xen. Cyneg. x. 3. and 16. Pollux. v. 22.) The last cited author makes a distinction between the κνώδων and πτέρυξ, which is satisfactorily explained by the two examples annexed (Mora/1.1), both representing spear-heads from ancient monuments. (Alstorp. de Hast. p. 179.) The sharp curved points, like teeth, are the κνώδοντες; the straight ones with widening ends, like wings, the πτέρυγες; but as both served the same purpose of staying the onward course of the animal, they are included by the Latin writers under the one general name of mora, literally, a delay or hindrance.
2. The cross-bar which guards the handle of a sword, and prevents the blade from penetrating beyond it, as shown by the annexed example (Mora/2.1) from the sarcophagus of Alexander Severus, at Rome. Sil. Ital. i. 515.
3. A flat cross piece of wood at the bottom of a splint in which a broken leg is confined, for the purpose of supporting the foot and keeping the instrument in its proper place. Celsus, viii. 10. 5.
* Mora/1.1
* Mora/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Moriones

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MORIO'NES. Deformed idiots; who were purchased as slaves, and kept in the great Roman houses for the purpose of affording amusement by their want of mental capacity, conjoined, as it always was, with physical malconstruction (Mart. viii. 13. Id. xii. 94. Plin. Ep. ix. 17. 1.), both of which properties are visibly expressed in the annexed figure (Moriones/1.1) from a small bronze statue, in which the eyes and teeth are inserted of silver, and which faithfully illustrates the description given by Martial (vi. 39.) of one of these creatures, acuto capite, et auribus longis, Quae sic moventur, ut solent asellorum.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mortarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MORTA'RIUM (ὅλμος). A mortar, in which ingredients are kneaded up and mixed together with a small pestle (pistillum), worked by one hand (Virg. Moret. 100.) in a roundabout direction (Ib. 102. it manus in gyrum), and formed, as it still is, of a stone or other solid material, hollowed into the shape of a shallow basin (Ib. 96., lapidis cavum orbem. Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 50. Id. xxxiii. 41. Scrib. Comp. 111. Columell. xii. 57. 1. Cato, R. R. 74.) The illustration (Mortarium/1.1) represents an original found amongst the ruins of Roman buildings in London. Compare PILA.
2. The hollow basin in which the olives were placed in the bruising-machine, called a trapetum, to be crushed by the wheels, which worked round it. (Cato, R. R. xxii. 1.) It will be observed from the figure on the right hand of the annexed wood-cut (Mortarium/2.1), representing an original trapetum found at Stabia in elevation and section, that the mortarium (marked 1. 1. on each plan) is a sort of basin with sides and bottom of the same hollow curvilinear form as the common mortar, though the centre of it is occupied by a short thick column (miliarium, 2. 2.), which supports the bruising-stones (orbes, 3. 3.).
3. A large basin, or receiver of similar form, in which fine cement or stucco was kneaded and mixed. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 55. Vitruv. vii. 3. 10.
4. A hollow trench dug round the roots of a tree to collect moisture (Pallad. iv. 8. 1.); a meaning which clearly arises from the resemblance which the trench and trunk of the tree bears to the miliarium and mortarium of a trapetum, as shown by the section under No. 2.
* Mortarium/1.1
* Mortarium/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mucinium

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MUCI'NIUM or MUCCI'NIUM. (Arnob. ii. 5.) A pocket-handkerchief for wiping the nose. See SUDARIUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mucro

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MU'CRO. The point of any instrument, weapon, or other artificial or natural object which is pointed, jagged, or sharply acuminated; but more especially the point of a sword as opposed to cuspis, the point of a spear. Ov. Met. xii. 485. Cic. Phil. xiv. 3. Virg. Lucan, &c.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mulctra

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MULC'TRA, MULCTRA'LE, and MULC'TRUM (ἀμολγεύς). A milk-pail, for milking cows and goats (Virg. Ecl. iii. 30. Georg. iii. 177. Hor. Epod. xvi. 49.); and in which the milk was carried while cried through the town. (Calpurn. Ecl. iv. 25. The example (Mulctra/1.1) is from the Vatican Virgil.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Muli mariani

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MULI MARIA'NI. C. Marius, with the object of remedying the inconvenience resulting from the immense baggage-train which accompanied an army on its march, made each soldier carry his own rations for a certain number of days' provision, together with the vessels for dressing it, and his personal baggage, on the top of a pole fixed to his back. This custom was subsequently retained, as shown by the annexed figure (Muli_Mariani/1.1), representing one of the soldiers in Trajan's army, from the column of that emperor; but when first introduced, the practice, being a novelty, gave rise to the joke which attached to these men the nickname of "Marius' mules," because they carried their loads like beasts of burden, on their backs. Frontin. Strateg. iv. 1. 7. Festus, s. v. and s. Aerumnula.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mulio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MU'LIO (ὀρεοκόμος). A person who keeps mules to let out for hire, or for sale; a mule dealer and job master. Suet. Vesp. 4.
2. (ἡμιονηγός, ἀστραβηλάτης) A muleteer, or mule driver; without reference to whether the animals were his own or not, or whether he drove them as a coachman, in harness (Suet. Nero, 30. Vesp. 23.); or on foot, as beasts of burden. Id. Vit. 7.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mulleolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MULL'EOLUS. (Tertull. Pall. 4.) Diminutive of MULLEUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mulleus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MULL'EUS. A half boot of a reddish or plum colour, worn by the patricians of Rome; not, however, by all of them, but only those who had borne the curule magistracy, a dictator, consul, praetor, censor, or curule aedile. (Cato. ap. Fest. s. v. Vopisc. Aurel. 49. Isidor. Orig. xix. 34. 10.) Some think the mulleus was the same as the calceus patricius (wood-cut s. v. p. 99.); others, that it resembled the calceus repandus, or uncinatus, of which a figure is given on the same page, No. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mulomedicus

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MULOMED'ICUS (κτηνίατρος). Strictly a veterinary who confines his practice to the diseases of mules, as contradistinguished from equarius medicus, a horse doctor; but the word also bears a more extensive signification for a cattle doctor generally. Veget. Mulomed. Praef. i. and iv.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Multicius

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MULTIC'IUS, MULTITIC'IUS or MULTIT'IUS. Used to designate some particular kind of fabric, either of a very ingenious, or costly, or fine texture, out of which the wearing apparel of women, and men of luxurious or effeminate habits, was made. The precise meaning of the word is not clearly ascertained. Some derive it from multum and icio, and interpret it to mean "closely condensed" by the batten (radius, spatha), which is contrary to the character of transparency attributed to it; others from mollitie (a mulcendo), in allusion to the softness of its texture; and others from multis liciis, i. e. which is made with many leashes (licia), thus indicating an intricate and elaborate pattern woven up in the fabric; which seems to be the most rational interpretation. Juv. ii. 66. xi. 186. Valerian. Aug. in Ep. ad Vopisc. Aurel. 12. Gloss. Philox.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Munerarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MUNERA'RIUS. The person who gives a public show of gladiators. Suet. Dom. 10. Quint. viii. 3. 34.
2. Munerarius libellus. A bill of the show; or list announcing the names and descriptions of the gladiators about to be exhibited at a public show. Trebell. Claud. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Murcus

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MURCUS. A nickname given to those who maimed themselves by cutting off their thumbs in order to escape from military service. (Ammian. xv. 12. 5.) This appears to have been not an uncommon practice (Aelian. Variar. ii. 9. Suet. Aug. 24. 27 Plut. Lysand. Cod. Theodos. 7. 13. 4, 5. and 10.); and to it our term poltroon owes its origin through the Italian poltrone, abbreviated from pollice trunco.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Murex

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MUREX. A kind of fish, with a sharp-pointed and twisted shell, poetically given to the Tritons for a trumpet (Val. Flacc. iii. 726.), as in the annexed example (Murex/1.1) from a terra-cotta lamp; also used as a bottle for holding unguents (Mart. iii. 82.); and in ornamenting grottos (Ov. Met. viii. 563.), of which examples are still seen in the gardens of two houses at Pompeii.
2. In a secondary sense, any thing which has a rough and prickly surface, with projecting points, like the end of the murex shell; as a rock or stone full of acuminated protuberances (Plin. H. N. xix. 6. Virg. Aen. v. 205.); a box or case set with spikes inside (Gell. vi. 4.); and, as some think, a very sharp bit, armed with spikes (Stat. Achill. i. 221. murice fraenat acuto Delphinas), like the lupatum, or the bits formerly used by the Mamelukes; but as the passage of Statius has reference to a Triton and his dolphins, the more poetical interpretation would be, that he checks their course with the sound of his sharp-pointed shell instead of a bit.
3. Murex ferreus. A caltrop; an instrument made with four spikes of iron, adjusted in such a manner that when thrown upon the ground from any distance one of them always stood upright, as shown by the annexed example (Murex/3.1) from an original. It was used in ancient warfare to impede the advance of cavalry and disable the horses. Val. Max. iii. 7. 2. Curt. iv. 17.
* Murex/1.1
* Murex/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Muricatus

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MURICA'TUS and MURIC'IUS. Armed or formed with sharp projections, like the point of the murex. Plin. H. N. xx. 99. Auson. Ep. ix. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Murilegulus

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MURILEG'ULUS. One who follows the occupation of murex fishing, the juices of which were extensively used by the ancients for making a purple dye. Cod. Justin. 11.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Murrhina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MUR'RHINA, MUR'RHEA, and MYR'RHINA. Porcelain vases. (Plin. H. N. xxxvii. 7. Prop. iv. 5. 26. Juv. vi. 156. Lamprid. Elag. 32.) Modern investigations have placed it beyond dispute that the murrha of the ancients was a fine earth, dug in the East, out of which vases of different kinds, but of light and fragile substance, were made; and many fragments of ancient porcelain have been discovered in various excavations, agreeing remarkably with the description of Pliny (H. N. xxxvii. 8.), in regard to the variety of colours with which they are covered; though in other respects his idea of the material which composes them may be said rather to verge upon the truth, than to afford a faithful account of the actual substance. But the well-attested fact that several bottles of real Chinese porcelain, inscribed with native characters, have been found in the tombs of Egypt (one of which is represented in the annexed woodcut (Murrhina/1.1), from the original of Salt's collection in the British Museum), distinctly proves that objects of that material were exported from China at a very early period, although the art of making it may not have been discovered by the Romans; and this would account for the prodigious value set upon them.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Murus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MURUS (τεῖχος). A wall of stone or brick, built as a defence and fortification round a town, in contradistinction to paries, the wall of a house, or any other edifice. (Cic. N. D. iii. 40. Id. Off. i. 11. Caes. B. G. ii. 12.) Town walls were usually constructed with square or round towers (turres) at certain intervals, a fortified gate (porta) at every point from which any of the great roads emanated; sometimes with a trench (fossa) on the outside, having a mound (agger) within it, upon which the ramparts (loricae, propugnacula) were raised, surmounted by turrets (pinnae) to shield the defenders.
2. Murus crinalis. A crown or ornament for the hair, made in imitation of the walls of a town, with its towers and fortifications, attributed by poets and artists to the goddess Cybele, to typify the cities of the earth over which she was presumed to reign; as in the annexed example (Murus/2.1) from a marble bas-relief. Claud. in Eutrop. ii. 284.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Muscarium

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MUSCA'RIUM (σόβη). A fly-flap for driving away flies, or whisk for dusting any thing; made of the long peacocks' feathers (Mart. xiv. 67.), or the tuft at the end of a cow's tail (Id. xiv. 71.); whence the word is also used for a horse's tail. Veg. Vet. vi. 2. 2.
2. A case or closet in which papers, tablets, &c., were placed to preserve them from fly stains (Inscript. ap. Romanelli, Viagg. a Pompei, p. 168.) The modern Italians retain the same elements with a similar meaning in their word mosca-juola, which signifies a cupboard or safe where eatables are put by.