OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# English-Chinese/Starch

Starch is a complex carbohydrate. It is made of many glucose units joined by chemical bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by most green plants as an energy store. It is the most common carbohydrate in human diets. Pasta, potatoes, bread, and other starchy foods are made out of carbohydrates.
淀粉 是 一种 复杂的 碳水化合物。它 由 许多 葡萄糖 单位 通过 化学键 连接 而成。这种 多糖 是 由 大多数 绿色植物 作为 能量储存 产生的。它是 人类 饮食中 最常见的 碳水化合物。pasta，马铃薯，面包 和 其他 含淀粉 食物 由 碳水化合物 制成。
# English-Chinese/Spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance

A spice is a seed, fruit, root, bark, or other plant substance primarily used for flavoring, coloring or preserving food.
香料是种子，果实，根，树皮或其他主要用于调味，着色或保存食物的植物物质。
# English-Chinese/Spices like allspice, black pepper, paprika, and vanilla are derived from berries

Spices like allspice, black pepper, paprika, and vanilla are derived from berries.
五香粉，黑胡椒，辣椒粉和香草等香料均来自浆果。
# English-Chinese/Stars are hot because nuclear reactions happen inside them

The star is very hot because of a nuclear reaction inside. These reactions are called nuclear fusion. Nuclear fusion produces light and heat and produces increasingly large chemical elements.
恒星很热，因为内部发生核反应。 这些反应称为核聚变。 核聚变产生光和热，并产生越来越大的化学元素。
# English-Chinese/Spleen

The spleen is an organ in vertebrates. The spleen is part of the lymphatic system. In people, it is on the left side of the body, under the heart. The spleen helps fight infections and keeps the blood cells healthy.
脾脏 是 脊椎动物的 器官。脾脏 是 淋巴系统的 一部分。在 人体内，它 位于 身体的 左侧，在 心脏 之下。脾 有助于 抵抗 感染 并 保持 血细胞 健康。
# English-Chinese/Star cluster

A star cluster is a group of stars. They are held together by the gravitational attraction of the stars, which are all related through common origin.
星团 是 一组 恒星。它们 由 恒星 之间 的 引力 吸引 在一起，由于 有 共同 的 来源 而 都是 有关 的。
# Linux Administration/Administrative Tasks/Scheduling Jobs

This lesson covers scheduling jobs.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the scheduling jobs portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Automate systems administration tasks by scheduling jobs
** Manage cron and at jobs
** Configure user access to cron and at services
** Configure anacron
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** /etc/cron. {d,daily,hourly,monthly,weekly}
*** /etc/at.deny
*** /etc/at.allow
*** /etc/crontab
*** /etc/cron.allow
*** /etc/cron.deny
*** /var/spool/cron/*
*** crontab
*** at
*** atq
*** atrm
*** anacron
*** /etc/anacrontab

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial IBM: Learn Linux, 101: Automate system administration tasks by scheduling jobs
# Linux Administration/Commands/Command Line

This lesson covers the command line.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the command line portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Work on the command line
** Use single shell commands and one- line command sequences to perform basic tasks on the command line
** Use and modify the shell environment including defining, referencing and exporting environment variables
** Use and edit command history
** Invoke commands inside and outside the defined path
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** bash
*** echo
*** env
*** export
*** pwd
*** set
*** unset
*** man
*** uname
*** history
*** .bash_history

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Shell (computing)
* Wikipedia: Bash (Unix shell)
* Wikipedia: echo (command)
* Wikipedia: env
* Wikipedia: pwd
* Wikipedia: man page
* Wikipedia: uname
* Wikipedia: history (command)

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial IBM: Learn Linux, 101: The Linux command line
# Linux Administration/Commands/File Management

This lesson covers file management CompTIA Linux+ Certification.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the file management portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Perform basic file management
** Copy, move and remove files and directories individually
** Copy multiple files and directories recursively
** Remove files and directories recursively
** Use simple and advanced wildcard specifications in commands
** Use find to locate and act on files based on type, size or time
** Usage of tar, cpio and dd
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** cp
*** rsync
*** find
*** mkdir
*** mv
*** ls
*** rm
*** rmdir
*** touch
*** tar
*** cpio
*** dd
*** file
*** Compression utilities: gzip, gunzip, bzip2 (pbzip2) and xz
*** file globbing
*** du

## Readings

* Wikipedia: File system

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial IBM: Learn Linux, 101: File and directory management
# Linux Administration/Commands/Filters

This lesson covers using filters.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the filters portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Process text streams using filters
** Send text files and output streams through text utility filters to modify the output using standard UNIX commands found in the GNU textutils package
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** awk
*** cat
*** cut
*** expand
*** fmt
*** head
*** od
*** join
*** nl
*** paste
*** pr
*** sed (stream editor)
*** sort
*** split
*** tail
*** tr
*** unexpand
*** uniq
*** wc

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Filter (software)

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial IBM: Learn Linux, 101: Text streams and filters
# Linux Administration/Administrative Tasks/Localization

This lesson covers localization.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the localization portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Localization and internationalization
** Configure local settings and environment variables
** Configure timezone settings and environment variables
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** /etc/timezone
*** /etc/localtime
*** /usr/share/zoneinfo
*** Environment variables:
**** LC_*
**** LC_ALL
**** LANG
**** TZ
*** /usr/bin/locale
*** tzselect
*** tzconfig
*** date
*** iconv
*** UTF-8
*** ISO-8859
*** ASCII
*** Unicode

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial IBM: Learn Linux, 101: Localization and internationalization
# Linux Administration/Administrative Tasks/User Accounts

This lesson covers user accounts.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the user accounts portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Manage user and group accounts and related system files
** Add, modify and remove users and groups
** Manage user/group info in password/group databases
** Create and manage special purpose and limited accounts
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** /etc/passwd
*** /etc/shadow
*** /etc/group
*** /etc/skel
*** chage
*** getent
*** groupadd
*** groupdel
*** groupmod
*** passwd
*** useradd
*** userdel
*** usermod

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial IBM: Learn Linux, 101: Manage user and group accounts and related system files
# Linux Administration/Commands/File Editing

This lesson covers file editing.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the file editing portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Perform basic file editing operations using vi
** Navigate a document using vi
** Use basic vi modes
** Insert, edit, delete, copy and find text
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** vi
*** h, j, k, l
*** i, o, a
*** c, d, p, y, dd, yy
*** ZZ, :w!, :q!, :e!

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Text editor
* vi

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial IBM: Learn Linux, 101: File editing with vi
# Linux Administration/Commands

This section of the Linux Administration course covers commands. Lessons include Command Line, Filters, File Management, Redirects, Processes, Priorities, Searches, and File Editing.

## Preparation

Learners should already be familiar with introductory computer concepts, computer support concepts, and computer networking concepts.

## Lessons

* Command Line
* Filters
* File Management
* Redirects
* Processes
* Priorities
* Searches
* File Editing

## See Also

* Linux
# Linux Administration/Commands/Priorities

This lesson covers priority management.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the priority management portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Modify process execution priorities
** Know the default priority of a job that is created
** Run a program with higher or lower priority than the default
** Change the priority of a running process
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** nice
*** ps
*** renice
*** top

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Scheduling (computing)

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial IBM: Learn Linux, 101: Process execution priorities
# French/En

En is a French word that can replace phrases starting with de. Examples:
* Comment pouvons-nous en savoir plus sur cet individu ? (How are we to know anything further about this individual?) The en stands in for de choses, e.g. Comment pouvons-nous savoir plus de choses sur cet individu ?
* Je m'en vais. (I'm leaving.) The en stands in for d'ici or de [place].

## Preposition

En can also be used as a preposition, e.g. with a present participle, as in en passant (in passing).
A guideline about when to use en or dans is that when you want to say "in the", "in a", "in my", "in your", "in a few", basically, when the "in" is followed by an article, you should use dans. When the "in" is not followed by any article, it will most likely be en.
# French/Lecture/Le roi danse

Practice your French and read this film review
Le roi danse c'est un excellent film franc-belge de l'an 2000 et l'originalité du film sont les destins de trois hommes d'ordinaire approchés séparément par l'histoire: Molière, Lully et Louis XIV.
Gérard Corbiau est le même réalisateur de "Farinelli", raison pour laquelle il est courant que ses films mélangent la partie artistique avec la partie historique, comme dans ce film où apparaissent des scènes de Tartufo et Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme de Molière.
La minutie nécessaire pour reconstruire l’éblouissant Versailles et découvrir en même temps la relation entre Louis XIV et Lully signifie que le film ne devient pas ennuyeux, surtout avec les interprétations de Benoît Magimel en tant que le roi, Tchéky Karyo en tant que Molière et Boris Terral en tant que Jean Baptiste Lully.
# French/Diactrics

Unlike English, French uses diacritics, usually the acute, the grave, the circumflex, the diaeresis, and the w:cedilla. Diacritics have no effect on the primary alphabetical order.
* Acute accent or accent aigu over e indicates uniquely the sound /e/.
* Grave accent or accent grave over a or u used primarily to make two words distinct: à ("to") vs. a ("has"), ou ("or") vs. où ("where"). Grave accent over an e, indicates the sound /ɛ/.
* Circumflex or accent circonflexe over a, e and o indicates the sound /ɑ/, /ɛ/ and /o/, respectively. It also indicates the historical deletion of an adjacent letter (usually an s or a vowel): château < chasteau, fête < feste, sûr < seur, dîner < disner. It has also come to be used to behave like the grave accent: du ("of the") vs. dû (past participle of devoir "to have to do something (pertaining to an act)"). You can drop the circumflex on i and u, but not always: chaîne becomes chaine but sûr (sure) should not be changed because of sur (on).
* Diaeresis or tréma over e, i, u or y indicates that a vowel is to be pronounced separately from the preceding one: naïve, Noël.
** The combination of e with diaeresis following o (as in Noël) is nasalized if followed by n: Samoëns.
** The combination of e with diaeresis following a is either pronounced (Raphaël, Israël) or not pronounced, leaving only the a (Staël) and the a is nasalized if aë is followed by n (Saint-Saëns).
** You can move the diaeresis in words containing guë onto the u: aiguë becomes aigüe, ciguë becomes cigüe.
* Cedilla or cédille under c indicates that it is pronounced /s/ rather than /k/. Thus je lance "I throw" (with c = [s] before e) becomes je lançais "I was throwing" (c would be pronounced [k] before a without the cedilla).
# French/Greetings

Greetings are short phrases that you can use to begin a conversation.

## Getting their attention

Salut - equivalent to "Hi", or "Hey", and is chiefly used in an informal instance. Bonjour - equivalent to "Hello" and "Good morning", and is used in formal scenarios. Allô - also equivalent to "Hello", but is only used in telephony. You can also add Monsieur (Mister), Madame (Missus), or Mademoiselle (Miss) to your sentence.

### Examples

Salut, Madame! - Hey, Miss! Bonjour, Monsieur - Good morning, sir!

## Questions

Comment ça va? - How is it going? Comment vas-tu? - How are you going? Que fais-tu aujourd'hui? - What are you doing today?
# French/Inverted question

In French, a question can be formed by inverting a statement. For example:
* Des notes sont-elles prises à chaque réunion ? Are notes taken at each meeting?
* La curiosité va-t-elle vous révéler quelque chose de similaire ? Will curiosity reveal something similar to this for you?
# French/List of words whose meaning depends on gender

This is a list of French words whose meaning depends on gender.
| Masculine | Feminine |
| livre (book) | livre (pound) |
| mode (way or mode) | mode (way or mode) |
| capital (capital - finance) | capitale (capital - city) |
| tour (tour) | tour (tower) |
| mémoire (report) | mémoire (memory) |
| poste (job) | poste (post office) |
| vase (vase) | vase (mud) |
# French/Mentoring
## What is the French Mentoring Project?

The French language mentoring project is designed to connect teachers and learners to help individuals practice and learn French.
Mentors may choose to help their students in a variety of ways. Here are a few possibilities:
* By answering questions about the language
* By engaging in French discussion with eachother (using audio, or simply in text form)
* By recommending reading materials or coursework
* By giving corrections
* By giving specific instruction or teaching directly
Mentors need only use what methods they prefer or they think are best for those they are mentoring.

## See Also

The unmaintained and outdated participants list can be viewed here.
# French/Division News/Archives

* November 4th, 2008 The French Mentoring project has been launched!
* June 11th 2008 French Literature has been created and new interest in French Department has been received.
* December 25th 2006 The French Department's first course, Français I is in development!
* September 27th, 2006 - Department founded!
# French/Food and Drinks
## Food

* J'ai faim. - I'm hungry.
* Tu as faim? - Are you hungry?
* Qu'est-ce que tu veux? - What do you want?

#### Conversation

* Tu as faim?
* Oui.
* Qu'est-ce que tu veux? Tu veux une pizza?
* Non, je veux un sandwich.

#### "Un" Food

* Un Hamburger - A Hamburger
* Un Hot Dog - A Hot Dog
* Un steak - A steak
* Un sandwich - A sandwich

#### "Une" Food

* Une crêpe - A pancake
* Une omelette - An omelette
* Une glace - An ice cream
* Une salade - A salad

### Drinks

* J’ai soif. - I’m thirsty.
* Tu as soif? - Are you thirsty?
* Puis-je vous aider? - May I help you?
* Je voudrais... - I would like...(polite)

#### Using "Please"

* S'il te plaît - For friends, parents, people you know well.
* S'il vous plaît - People you don’t know, who are older.

#### Using "Give me"

* Donne-moi - Give me (for friends)
* Donnez-moi - Give me (polite)

#### Conversations

* Tu as soif?
* Oui.
* Que veux-tu?
* Je voudrais un soda s'il te plaît.

#### "Un" Drinks

* Un soda - A soda
* Un jus d'orange - An orange juice
* Un jus de pomme - An apple juice
* Un jus de raisin - A grape juice
* Un jus de tomate - A tomato juice

#### "Une" Drinks

* Une limonade - A lemonade
* Une piña colada - A piña colada
# French/Gender

The gender of French nouns can in most cases be determined by the category of thing the noun refers to, or by the word ending.

## Endings

| Category | Gender | Examples | Exceptions |
| -ace ending | Feminine (usually) | audace, une face | un ace, un palace |
| -ade ending | Feminine (usually) | la baignade, la cascade | le cade, le grade, le jade, le stade |
| -age ending | Masculine (always) | | une cage, une image, une nage, une page, une plage, une rage |
| -ai ending | Masculine (tends to be) | ? | ? |
| -ail ending | Masculine (usually) | ? | ? |
| -an ending | Masculine (tends to be) | ? | ? |
| -ance ending | Feminine (always) | une abondance, la bienfaisance | N/A |
| -aume ending | Masculine (typically) | ? | ? |
| -b ending | Masculine (usually) | le club, le plomb | la mob, la pub |
| -ble ending | Masculine (usually) | le câble, le sable | une bible, une cible, une étable, une fable, une table |
| -eau ending | Masculine (usually) | le bateau, le manteau, le chapeau, l'oiseau | l'eau, la peau |
| -é ending | Masculine (usually) | le café, le canapé, le carré, le défilé, le supermarché | la clé, la psyché |
| -ee ending | Feminine (always) | | N/A |
| -ée ending | Feminine (usually) | une allée, la chicorée | un apogée, un lycée, un musée, un périgée, un trophée |
| -eil ending | Masculine (usually) | ? | ? |
| -eme ending | Masculine (typically) | ? | ? |
| -ent ending | Masculine (tends to be) | ? | ? |
| -esse ending | Feminine (usually) | une caresse, une faiblesse | le prépresse |
| -euil ending | Masculine (usually) | ? | ? |
| -ex ending | Masculine (typically) | ? | ? |
| -ie ending | Feminine (usually) | une académie, la bonhomie | le brie, le foie, le génie, un incendie, le messie, le parapluie, le sosie, le zombie |
| -ière ending | Feminine (usually) | une bannière, une cafetière | l'arrière, le cimetière, le derrière |
| -il ending | Masculine (usually) | ? | ? |
| -in ending | Masculine (usually) | le vin, le magasin, le dessin, le chemin, le jardin | la fin |
| -ine ending | Feminine (usually) | une aine, une baleine | le capitaine, le domaine, le moine, le magazine, le patrimoine, le platine |
| -ique ending | Feminine (usually) | une applique, une basilique | un cantique, un générique, un graphique, un lexique, un moustique, un périphérique, un pique-nique |
| -ise ending | Feminine (usually) | une ardoise, une cerise | un malaise, le turquoise |
| -ite ending | Feminine (usually) | arthrite, la cellulite | anthracite, un ermite, le granite, le graphite, le kite, le mérite, opposite, le plébiscite, le rite, le satellite, le site, le termite |
| -ment ending | Masculine (usually) | le gouvernement, un appartement, le commencement, un abonnement | la jument |
| -oir ending | Masculine (usually) | un arrosoir, un devoir | une roche-réservoir, une ville-dortoir |
| -ome ending | Masculine (typically) | ? | ? |
| -on ending | Masculine (typically); but after s or c, will often be feminine | ? | ? |
| -ou ending | Masculine (usually) | le bambou, le chou | une doudou, une goudou, une nounou |
| -p ending | Masculine (usually) | un champ, un slip | une jeep, une start-up |
# Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2021/Fall/Section009

This project is associated with English 105.009 at the University of North Carolina.

## Project

Students in the course have studied the Federal Writers' Project Papers at UNC's Wilson Library. Each student has chosen an individual to research and record on our class website.

## Life Histories

Special:Prefixindex/Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2021/Fall/Section009/
Use the following to create a new life history subpage:
# Lunar Boom Town/Data Mining

Data Mining
/How
/When
/Where
/Why
Data mining can be done cost effectively on the moon because anyone living there is only a second or two delay away from the main Terran databases on Earth. Local duplication and caching should keep bandwidth and access costs reasonable for the ever increasing volumes of data publicly available via the internet.
Given near 100% efficiency in recycling expendables, this type of human intensive effort could eventually help finance grow of imports of elements missing from the moon that are critical to expanding our lunar local ecosystems and habitats.
# Lunar Boom Town/Data Mining/How
## Internet/Grid Access

Dumpster Diving
Optical Disk
Old Engineering Sketch Books
    [[/Peachie Folder Covers]]
       data file
# Lunar Boom Town/Data Mining/Why

Why data mine? Why not simply redesign everything from scratch using the massive available effort the internet can connect us to?
We may have to re=engineer competing solutions before existing patent holders will reduce their licensing fees to reasonable charges. However, any art which has already been developed can theoretically be used to reduce the cost and schedule of establishing viable space settlements.
Personally, I do not want to wait a century or two for open source cold fusion processes to be developed before settling the the solar system. If we can lease or purchase rocket engines cost effectively then let's do so. Otherwise we must organize volunteer teams willing to give away tested effective new designs.
# Lunar Boom Town/Current Participant List

Current Participant List

## Operating Instructions

* Register at Wikiversity
* Type four tilda'a (the squiqqle above apostrophe on many keyboards) after the blank bullet in place of ellipsis. See also: Wikiversity:Signature
* Add a bullet for a helpful placemarker for the next person
Simply delete the line with your account handle on it should you choose to fadeaway for a while. Always welcome back later!

## Participants

* Mirwin 14:03, 27 November 2007 (UTC) (he died)
* http://www.advogato.org simulated diagnostic processor mirbot Mirwin 11:31, 28 November 2007 (UTC)
* Sirstubby 06:17, 12 February 2008 (UTC)
* Super Quantum immortal 11:57, 2 February 2012 (UTC)
* Sorpaas (discuss • contribs) 08:56, 19 February 2014 (UTC)
* Trurle (discuss • contribs) 08:56, 19 February 2014 (UTC)
# Lunar Boom Town/Communications Services
## Applicable Information Resources

* http://www.aem.umn.edu/teaching/design/spring2007/Lunar.html
# Lunar Boom Town/Data Mining/When

Anytime feel like it.
Now is better than later.
# Lunar Boom Town/Data Mining/Where

Online and in librarys and museums. Bankruptcy and estate sales can be good places to find data. It is important to pay attention to data licensing. Personal reference data is good but it is even better if find public domain data or information that can be placed into the commons under a GPL, FDL, and/or creative commons for everyone else to use as well.
I have been told that NASA has the engineering drawings for the Saturn stack somewhere in their data warehouses. I doubt they have the rights to the manufacturing specifications for the various components that contractors and vertical chains of subcontractors used in helping manufacture the moon mission launch stacks and space vehicles.
To be able to reliably maintain our equipment in remote hostile environments we need manufacturing specifications for parts, manufacturing processes, and factory's that we can emulate on short notice if necessary.
# IC3/Key Applications

Key Applications is one of three exams included in the Internet and Computing Core Certification (IC$^3$). The exam covers common program functions, word processing, spreadsheets, presentation software, database software, and document collaboration. This module comprises six lessons that help learners prepare for the Key Applications exam. Each lesson includes Wikipedia readings, YouTube videos, and hands-on learning activities.

## Preparation

This is an introductory computer course. Learners should have basic computer skills, including typing, mouse, and web browser navigation.

## Lessons

* Common Program Functions
* Word Processing
* Spreadsheets
* Presentation Software
* Database Software
* Document Collaboration

## See Also

* Lumen Learning: Computer Applications for Managers