OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Parmatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PARMA'TUS. Armed with the shield termed parma; more especially characteristic of the Roman cavalry and light-armed troops. (Liv. iv. 38.) The annexed example (Parmatus/1.1), from a bas-relief in terra-cotta, compared with the illustration s. CLIPEATUS, will afford a notion of the difference in comparative size and character between the Roman parma and the Greek clipeus, and of the different appearance presented by the men who bore them respectively.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Parma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PARMA (πάρμη). The shield used by the light-armed troops (velites, Liv. xxxi. 35.) and the cavalry (equites, Liv. ii. 20.) of the Roman army. It was circular in form (Varro, ap. Non. s. Veles, p. 552.), about three feet in diameter (Liv. xxxviii. 21. Polyb. vi. 22. 19.), and very strongly made upon a framework of iron. The annexed example (Parma/1.1) is copied from a bas-relief in terra-cotta; and corresponds in every particular of form and ornament with the shields of the equestrian gladiators at p. 264 s. EQUES, 10.
2. Parma Threcidica. The Thracian shield, or the shield used by gladiators of the class termed Thracians (Thraces). This was not round, like the Roman parma, but resembled the scutum in form, with the only exception of being smaller as well as shorter, as exhibited by the annexed example (Parma/2.1), which represents a Thracian gladiator from a terra-cotta lamp. Hence it is that Martial styles it pumilionis scutum (xiv. 213.). Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 45. Fabretti, Col. Tr. p. 267. and PELTASTAE.
3. The small round piece (Parma/3.1) of board placed under the vent hole of a pair of bellows, which opens to admit the air, as it is drawn in, but closes against the aperture immediately that the sides of the bellows are pressed together, and thus compels the wind to make an exit through the pipe at the nozzle. Auson. Mosell. 269.
* Parma/1.1
* Parma/2.1
* Parma/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Parmularius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PARMULA'RIUS. A gladiator, of the class called Thracians (Thraces); and so designated because he was armed with the Thracian parma, as explained and illustrated s. PARMA, 2. Suet. Dom. 40.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Parmula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PAR'MULA. (Hor. Od. ii. 7. 10.) Diminutive of PARMA; but there is no evidence that the diminutive denotes any distinct variety.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Parochus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PAR'OCHUS (πάροχος). An officer appointed to every station throughout the Roman provinces, who for a certain stipend, fixed by the state, undertook to lodge and entertain ambassadors, magistrates, and persons travelling on public business. Cic. Att. xiii. 2. Hor. Sat. i. 5. 46.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Paropsis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PAROP'SIS or PARAP'SIS (παροψίς). A term adopted from the Greeks, and used by them, as well as the Romans, much in the same sense as the word side-dish is with us; under which the dish itself is sometimes implied, at others the viands contained in it, while at others both the dish and its contents are included. The paropsis was employed for serving up the smaller and more exquisite portions of a meal, like a French entrée; and was made of earthenware, bronze, or the precious metals; but though the Latin passages in which the word occurs do not afford any express indication of the precise form of the vessel, we collect from Alciphron, that it was a deep bowl with a wide top, such as we conceive under the name of cup; for he designates the vessel used by thimble-riggers by the name paropsis, for which the more usual Latin name is ACETABULUM. The illustration introduced under that word may consequently be received also as affording a specimen of the paropsis. Charis. i. 82. Juv. iii. 142. Mart. xi. 27. Pet. Sat. 34. 2. Ulp. Dig. 32. 220. Alciphron. Epist. iii. 20.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pasceolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PAS'CEOLUS (φάσκωλος and φάσκαλος). A bag or pouch, made of leather, and employed for carrying money, clothes, &c. Non. s. v. p. 151. Plaut. Rud. v. 2. 27. Lucil. Sat. xiii. 6. Gerlach.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pastillus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PASTIL'LUS (τροχίσκος). A small round ball of flour or other ingredients; but more especially a pill or pastile of medicinal and odoriferous powder, which was chewed to impart sweetness to the breath, or employed generally for the purpose of diffusing an agreeable odour. Plin. H. N. xiii. 43. Hor. Sat. i. 2. 27.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pastinatio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PASTINA'TIO. The act of preparing the soil of a vineyard by digging and trenching for planting young vines with the pastinum. Columell. iii. 12. 6. Compare iii. 13.; thence the ground so prepared. Id. xi. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pastinator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PASTINA'TOR. A labourer who trenches the soil of a vineyard, and plants the young vines with a pastinum. Columell. iii. 13. 12.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pastinum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PAS'TINUM. A particular kind of dibble employed for planting young vines, consisting of a long stick with two prongs at the end, between which the young shoot was held, as in a forceps, and by this means depressed into the ground to the depth required. (Columell. iii. 18. 1. and 6. Isidor. Orig. xix. 15.) An instrument of the same kind, called trivella by the Romans, and cruccia by the Tuscans, is still employed for a similar purpose in Italy.
2. Ground prepared by digging and trenching for the planting of young vines with the above implement (Pallad. Feb. 9. 11.); and the act of doing so (Id. Jan. 10. 1.).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pastophorus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PASTOPH'ORUS (παστοφόρος). A member belonging to a certain order of the Egyptian priesthood, called pastophori, because they carried the images of their deities through the public streets in a small case or shrine (παστός, thalamus. Plin. H. N. viii. 71.), stopping at intervals to kneel down, while they displayed the image case before them, for the purpose of eliciting charitable donations from the multitude; all which particulars are apparent in the annexed illustration (Pastophorus/1.1) from an Egyptian statue, representing one of these mendicant priests. Apul. Met. xi. pp. 250. 260. 262.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pastor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PASTOR (νομεύς). A general term for any one who attends to the pasturing and feeding of any kind of live stock (Varro, R. R. ii. 10. Hor. Od. iii. 29. 21.); consequently, including the caprarius, opilio, and bubulcus; though, in some instances, the word is specially applied to the two former to distinguish them from the latter. Juv. xi. 151.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Patagiarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PATAGIA'RIUS. One who makes, or, perhaps, sells, patagia. Plaut. Aul. iii. 5. 35.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Patagiatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PATAGIA'TUS. Decorated with a patagium, as shown by the following illustration. Festus, s. v. Plaut. Ep. ii. 2. 49.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Patagium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PATAGI'UM (παταγεῖον). A broad stripe of purple or gold upon the front of a woman's tunic, similar to the clavus of the other sex, as shown by the annexed example (Patagium/1.1), from a fresco painting in the sepulchre of the Nasonian family near Rome. Festus, s. v. Non. s. v. p. 540.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Patellarii

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PATELLA'RII, sc. Dii. A term of derision applied to the gods by certain wits of irreverent dispositions, suggested by the images of the various deities which were enchased upon the dishes (patellae) employed for holding the viands presented to them at their feasts. Plaut. Cist. ii. 1. 46. Compare Cic. Verr. iv. 21. 22. Becker, Quaest. Plaut. p. 50.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Patella

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PATEL'LA. Diminutive of PATINA; consequently, resembling that vessel in form, with the exception of being smaller or shallower. It was used in the kitchen as a cooking utensil (Mart. v. 78. Varro, ap. Prisc. vi. 681.), and in the dining-room as a dish for the viands brought to table (Mart. xiii. 81. Juv. v. 85.). The ordinary kinds were made of earthenware, the more costly of metal and elaborate workmanship; and also of different relative sizes, conformable to the use for which they were intended; hence we find the word, though itself a diminutive, accompanied with epithets descriptive of very different dimensions; as, exigua, modica, lata, grandis. Juv. l. c. Hor. Ep. i. 5. 2. Mart. l. c. Cic. Verr. ii. 4. 21.
2. Patella Cumana. A dish of the nature last described, but made of earthenware, and consequently of a common description. Mart. xiv. 114. Compare Juv. vi. 343.
3. A dish of the form and character above described, in which solid viands were offered as a feast to the gods, as contradistinguished from the patera, which held liquids only. (Festus, s. v. Varro, ap. Non. s. v. p. 544.) A person would have been regarded as highly irreligious who appropriated one of these dishes to the service of his own dinner table. Cic. Fin. ii. 7.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Patena

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PATE'NA (φάτνη). A manger for horses, made of marble, stone, or wood, and divided into a number of separate compartments or cribs (loculi), like the annexed example (Patena/1.1), representing the interior of an ancient stable in the bay of Centorbi in Sicily, which is divided into square receiving troughs, precisely as directed by Vegetius (Vet. ii. 28. 3.).
2. See PATINA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Patera

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PAT'ERA (φιάλη). A shallow circular vessel, like our saucer, employed for containing liquids, not solids, that is, as a drinking, not an eating utensil (Becker, Quaest. Plaut. p. 50.); but more especially used to receive the wine with which a libation was made, by pouring it from the patera over the head of the victim, or on to the altar (wood-cut s. SPONDAULES). The common qualities were made of earthenware, the more costly of bronze, silver, and also gold, highly and elaborately ornamented; sometimes with a handle, but more usually plain. The illustration (Patera/1.1) affords a specimen of both kinds, from originals in bronze discovered at Pompeii; and represented in front and profile, in order to show the circumference and depth of the vessel. Varro, L. L. v. 122. Macrob. Sat. v. 21. Virg. Aen. i. 739. Ov. Met. ix. 160.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Patibulatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PATIBULA'TUS. Fastened to the patibulum as a punishment. Plaut. Mil. ii. 4. 7. Apul. Met. iv. p. 70. where patibulus is used in the same sense.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Patibulum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PATIB'ULUM. An instrument of punishment made in the shape of a fork, to be placed upon the neck of slaves and criminals, with the two prongs projecting in front, to which their hands were tied up, and in that condition flogged through the city. (Plaut. Mil. ii. 4. 7.) The illustration s. FURCA, 5. will afford a clear notion of the contrivance in question, although it is there used only as a machine for carrying burdens.
2. A cross or gallows; probably in the shape of the letter X, forming a double furca, like that on which St. Peter was crucified. Sallust. Fragm. ap. Non. s. v. p. 366. Senec. Cons. ad Marc. 20. Apul. Met. vi. pp. 130, 131.
3. A fastening for a door, probably made with two prongs to fit into a hasp. Titinn. ap. Non. l. c.
4. A wooden peg, with two prongs for fastening down the layers of a vine. Plin. H. N. xvii. 35. § 27.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Patina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PAT'INA (λεκάνη). A bowl or basin, somewhat shallower than the olla, but deeper than the patera, as will be understood by comparing the examples introduced under those two words with the annexed specimen (Patina/1.1), from an original discovered in a tomb at Paestum. It was generally made of earthenware, but sometimes, though rarely, of metal; frequently had a lid (operculum) to cover it; and was used for a great many purposes, more especially in culinary and pharmaceutical operations, as well as for bringing to table ragouts, stews, and such eatables as were served with gravy, for which the form described would be particularly appropriate. Plaut. Pseud. iii. 2. 51. Plin. H. N. xxiii. 33. Phaedr. xxvi. 3. Hor. Sat. ii. 8. 43.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pausarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PAUSA'RIUS. (Senec. Ep. 56.) The officer who gave out the chaunt (celeusma), and beat the time, by which the rowers kept their stroke; also styled HORTATOR, where an illustration is given.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pavicula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PAVI'CULA. A rammer for beating down, and consolidating the flooring of a room, or other area. Cato, R. R. 91. Columell. i. 6. 2. Id. ii. 20. 1. Compare FISTUCA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pavimentatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PAVIMENTA'TUS. Laid with an artificial flooring or pavement. Cic. Dom. 44. Id. Q. Fr. iii. 1. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pavonaceum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PAVONA'CEUM, sc. opus or tectum. A method of laying tiles of brick or marble, similar to what is seen upon the roofs of old houses in England, Holland, and Germany, in which the tiles are rounded at one end, so that in overlapping, each other they present an appearance like the feathers of a peacock's tail, exhibited by the annexed example (Pavonaceum/1.1), from a marble fragment excavated in the Forum of Trajan. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 44.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Paxillus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PAXIL'LUS (πάσσαλος). Any small sharp pointed piece of wood; as a peg for hanging things upon (Varro, ap. Non. s. v. p. 153.); for supporting a shelf (Columell. viii. 8. 3.); a dibble for planting (Id. iv. 16. 3.).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pecten

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PEC'TEN (κτείς). A comb for the hair, made of box wood (Mart. xiv. 25. Ov. Met. iv. 311.), or ivory (Claud. Nupt. Honor. et Mar. 102.). The illustration (Pecten/1.1) represents a small-toothed comb (denso dente. Tibull. i. 9. 68.), from an original of ancient workmanship, made of box-wood, and having a bar of ivory inlaid with a pattern in gold, placed across the back, between the two rows of teeth, which are cut extremely fine and even. The large-toothed comb (rarus pecten) was likewise employed in hair-cutting to place under the scissors, in order to prevent them from clipping too close. Plaut. Capt. ii. 2. 18.
2. (κερκίς). An instrument with teeth like a comb, employed by the ancient weavers for the same purpose as the "reed," "lay," or "batten" of our own times; viz. to run the threads of the web close together, by inserting its teeth between the threads of the warp, and pressing the comb up or down, according to the direction in which the web was intended to be driven. (Ov. Met. vi. 58. Virg. Aen. vii. 14.) The example (Pecten/2.1) represents an Egyptian implement of this description, from an original found in a tomb at Thebes, and now preserved in the British Museum.
3. An iron-toothed brush, set with a number of crooked pins (pectinis unci. Claud. in Eutrop. ii. 382.), employed for carding wool or flax. Plin. H. N. xi. 27.
4. A haymaker's rake, which had the teeth set wide apart; rarus pecten. Ov. Rem. Am. 192.
5. An iron instrument, with teeth like a comb, employed at harvest in some parts of ancient Italy and Gaul, instead of the reaping hook (falx), to nick off the ears of standing corn, as well as other grain, close under the neck, without cutting the stalk. Columell. ii. 20. 3. Plin. H. N. xviii. 72. Compare FALX DENTICULATA and MERGA.
6. A contrivance employed for striking the chords of a stringed instrument. (Virg. Aen. vi. 647. Juv. vi. 382.) It was either the same as the PLECTRUM (which see); or, as the other senses of the word seem to indicate, a more complicated implement, with several teeth, instead of a single stick; but we know of no authorities, either written or demonstrative, to establish that conjecture.
7. A particular figure in a dance, the nature of which is unknown. Stat. Ach. ii. 159.
* Pecten/1.1
* Pecten/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pectorale

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PECTORA'LE (ἡμιθωράκιον, καρδιοφύλαξ, γύαλον). Strictly, the front plate of a cuirass (represented by the left-hand figure in the illustration (Pectorale/1.1)), which covered the chest and upper part of the abdomen, being fastened by straps over the shoulders, and buckles or hinges down the sides to another plate, which protected the back, and is represented by the right-hand figure in the illustration; though the word is also used for the entire cuirass. (Varro, L. L. v. 116. Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 18. Polyb. vi. 23.) The Greeks applied the term γύαλον to each of these plates, the back one as well as the front; but the Romans do not appear to have distinguished the former by any special name.