OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Astragalizontes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ASTRAGALIZONTES (ἀστραγαλιζοντες). A Greek name used to designate persons engaged in playing with the knuckle-bones of animals (ἀστραγάλοι, Latin Tali), one of which is here shown (Astragalizontes/1.1) from an original of bronze, a very favourite subject with the sculptors and painters of Greece. (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 19. § 2. Pausan. x. 30. 1.) Both sexes amused themselves in this way, and employed the knuckle-bones for many different games, but the simplest and commonest, which appears to be represented in the annexed engraving (Astragalizontes/1.2), from a Greek painting discovered at Resina, resembled what our school-boys call "dibs," and consisted merely in throwing the bones up into the air, and catching them again on the back of the hand as they fall down. In many others, which were purely gambling games, the bones were marked with numbers, and used as dice. Jul. Poll. ix. 100 — 104. Eust. Od. i. p. 1397. 34. sq. and TALUS.
* Astragalizontes/1.1
* Astragalizontes/1.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Assus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ASSUS. Literally roasted; hence, in the neuter gender, assum; a chamber in a set of baths heated with warm air, with the object of promoting violent perspiration. Cic. Q. Fr. iii. 1. 1. See SUDATIO, SUDATORIUM.
2. Assa tibia. A solo on the pipe, without any vocal accompaniment. Serv. ad Virg. G. ii. 417.
2. Assa nutrix. A dry nurse. Schol. Vet. ad Juv. Sat. xiv. 208.
4. Assi lapides. Stones laid without mortar (Serv. ad Virg. G. ii. 417.), in which way the finest of the Greek and Roman buildings were constructed.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Astragalus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ASTRAG'ALUS (ἀστράγαλος). The Greek name for one of the vertebral bones, the ball of the ankle-joint and the knuckle-bone of animals, which was used instead of dice for games of chance and skill, but is not employed in any of these senses by the Latin writers.
2. By the Roman architects, an astragal; a small moulding of semicircular profile, so termed by the ancients from a certain resemblance which it bears, in its alternation of round and angular forms, to a row of knuckle-bones (ἀστράγαλος, and last cut but one), placed side by side; and called a bead or baguette by the moderns, because it closely resembles a string of beads or berries. It is more especially characteristic of the Ionic order, in which it is employed to form the lowermost member of the capital immediately under the echinus, to divide the faces of an architrave, or in the base, where it is a plain moulding, similar to the torus, but of smaller dimensions. (Vitruv. iv. 1. 11. Id. iii. 4. 7. Id. iii. 5. 3.) The first of the two specimens (Astragalus/2.1) here given is from a capital of the temple of Apollo, near Miletus; the lower one from the temple of Minerva at Priene.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Asturco

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ASTUR'CO. A small horse of the Spanish Asturian breed; highly valued by the Romans on account of its showy action and easy paces. Plin. H. N. viii. 67. Mart. xiv. 199.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/As

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AS (from εἷς, pronounced ἆς by the Tarentines). A piece of money, which represented the unit of value in the Roman and early Italian coinage. Originally it weighed one pound, hence called as libralis; and was composed of a mixture of copper and tin (aes), hence also called aes grave; but the value was much reduced in after times. In the age of Cicero, it was worth about three farthings of our money. In its earliest state it bore the impress of a bull, ram, boar, or sow, emblematic of the flocks and herds (pecus, whence the word pecunia), which constitute the wealth of all primitive ages; afterwards the more usual device was a double-headed Janus on one side with the prow of a vessel (see SEMISSIS), or of Mercury, the god of traffic, on the other, as shown by the example (As/1.1) introduced above, drawn one-third the size of the original, which weighs in its present state 10 oz. 10. gr.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Athletae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ATHLE'TAE (ἀθληταί). A general name for the combatants who contended for a prize (ἆθλον), in the public games of Greece and Italy; of whom there were five kinds, each distinguished by an appropriate name, viz. CURSOR, LUCTATOR, PUGIL, QUINQUERTIO, PANCRATIASTES.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Atlantes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ATLANTES (Ἄτλαντες). Properly a Greek term (to which the Latin TELAMONES corresponds), used to designate human figures, when employed as architectural supports to an entablature or cornice, instead of columns, and so termed in allusion to the story of Atlas, who bore the heavens on his shoulders. (Vitruv. vi. 10.) One of these figures is given under ARCULUS, from a specimen at Pompeii.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Atramentarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ATRAMENTA'RIUM (μελανδόχη). A vessel for holding atramentum, a black liquid employed for various purposes, as varnish, by painters (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 36. n. 18.); by shoemakers for dyeing their leather (Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 32.); and also for writing ink (Cic. Q. Fr. ii. 15.), in reference to which last use the term answers to our ink-stand (Gloss. Philox. Vulgat. Ezech. ix. 2.), one of which is shown in ARUNDO 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Atriensis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ATRIEN'SIS. A domestic slave, or one who belonged to the familia urbana in all the great Roman houses, to whose especial charge the care of the Atrium was committed. He occupied a position not unlike that of maitre d'hotel in the present day; for he exercised a control over all the other slaves of the household, took charge of the busts, statues, and valuables exposed in the atrium, set out and arranged the furniture, and saw that it was kept clean, and nothing damaged. Plaut. Asin. passim, and especially Act. ii. Sc. 2. and 4. Cic. Parad. v. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Atriolum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ATRI'OLUM. Diminutive of Atrium, and thus, in a general sense, any small atrium; but the word has also a more special application, and designates a distinct member in the large Roman palaces, which might be styled the second or back atrium; for it was disposed with sleeping rooms and other members all round it, similar to those of the principal one, from which it chiefly differed in size, and perhaps in splendour. Cic. Q. Fr. iii. 1. 1. Id. Att. i. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Attegia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ATTEG'IA. A Moorish hut or wigwam made of reeds and thatch. Juv. Sat. xiv. 196.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Auceps

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AUCEPS (ἰξευτής, ὀρνιθευτής). In a general sense, a fowler or any person who amuses himself with the sport of snaring, netting, and killing birds; but in a more special sense, a slave belonging to the familia rustica, something like our "game-keeper," whose employment consisted in taking and selling game for the profit of his owner; the principal sources of income on some estates being derived from the produce of the woods and fisheries. (Ov. A. Am. iii. 669. Plaut. Trin. ii. 4. 7. Pignorius de Serv. p. 560.) The illustration (Auceps/1.1), from a small marble statue at Naples, represents one of these fowlers returning with his game. He wears a sportsman's hat and boots, a tunic and cloak of skin with the fur on, carries a hunting knife in his right hand, two doves slung to the girdle round his waist, a hare on his left arm, and the end of the noose in which it was caught appears between the fingers. The instruments employed by the ancient fowlers in the pursuit of their sport were gins and snares (laquei, pedicae), a rod tipped with bird lime (arundo, calamus), traps (transennae), clap-nets (amites), a call-bird (avis illex), and cage for the same (cavea); the manner of using all which is described, and illustrated under each head.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Auditiorium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AUDITIO'RIUM. Any place in which orators, poets, and authors generally, assembled an audience to hear their compositions recited. Quint. ii. 11. 3. Id. x. i. 36.
2. A lecture room, in which philosophers and professors delivered their lectures. Suet. Tib.. 11.
3. A court of justice where trials were heard. Paul. Dig. 49. 9. 1. Ulp. Dig. 4. 4. 18.
4. Auditorium Principis. The court or chamber in which the emperor sat to hear and decide causes. Paul. Dig. 42. 1. 54.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Augurale

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AUGURA'LE. A space on the right side of the general's tent (praetorium) in a Roman camp, where the auspices were taken. Tac. Ann. xv. 30. Compare Quint. viii. 2. 8.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Augur

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AUGUR (οἰωνοσκόπος). An augur, a Roman priest, who interpreted the will of the gods, or revealed future events from observations taken on the flight and singing of birds. (Liv. i. 36. Cic. Div. i. 17.) They were formed into a college or corporation; and are principally distinguished from other classes of the priesthood, on coins and medals, by a crooked wand (lituus), like a crozier, which they carried in the right hand, and sometimes with the sacred bird, and the waterjug (capis) by their side or on the reverse. The example (Augur/1.1) is from a medal of Marcus Antoninus.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Augustales

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AUGUSTA'LES. An order of priests instituted by Augustus, and selected from the class of freed-men, whose duty it was to superintend the religious ceremonies connected with the worship of the Lares Compitales, deities who presided over the cross roads, to whom it was customary to erect a shrine at the spot where these roads met. Pet. Sat. 30. 2. Orelli, Inscr. 3959. Schol. Vet. ad Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 281.
2. Sodales Augustales, or simply Augustales. An order of priests instituted by Tiberius, to superintend the divine honours paid to Augustus and the Julian family. The body consisted of twenty-one persons selected from the principal Roman families. Tac. Ann. i. 15. and 54. Reines. Inscr. i. 12.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aulaea

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AULAE'A or AULAE'UM (αὐλαία). A piece of tapestry or arras hangings used to decorate the walls of a dining room (Hor. Sat. ii. 8. 54.), or as a screen against the sun between the pillars of a colonnade (Prop. ii. 32. 12.), or to close in the open galleries round an atrium or peristylium of private houses, as shown in the elevation of the Herculanean house (s. v. DOMUS), in which the rods and rings for suspending them were found in their places, when the excavation was made. In the illustration (Aulaea/1.1), from a bas-relief in the British Museum, the aulaeum forms the background to a tricliniary chamber; and similar ones are of very common occurrence both in sculpture and paintings, where they are introduced by the artist as a conventional sign to indicate that the scene in which they appear is not laid in the open air, but takes place in an interior.
2. A large coverlet of tapestry or embroidered work, which it was customary to spread over the mattress of a sofa or dining couch (Virg. Aen. i. 697.), and which hung down to the ground all round it; whence also termed Peristroma. It is seen in the preceding wood-cut, but more distinctly in the annexed one (Aulaea/2.1) from the Vatican Virgil.
3. A piece of tapestry, or curtain ornamented with figures embroidered on it (Virg. G. iii. 25.), employed in the Greek and Roman theatres, for the same purpose as our drop-scene, to conceal the stage before the commencement of the play, and between the acts. This curtain, however, was not suspended like ours, and let down from above; but, on the contrary, was rolled round a cylinder let into a recess in the brickwork fronting the stage, as is clearly seen on the left hand of the annexed engraving (Aulaea/3.1), which represents a perspective view of the small theatre at Pompeii looking across the stage, and the orchestra which lies on the right hand. When the play commenced, the curtain was let down, and consequently after an act it was drawn up (Ovid. Met. iii. 111 — 114.); whence the expression aulaea premuntur (Hor. Epist. ii. 1. 189. Compare Apul. Met. x. p. 232.), "the drop scene is let down," implies that the play is about to commence; and aulaea tolluntur (Ov. Met. l. c.), "the scene is raised up," that the act or play was ended.
* Aulaea/1.1
* Aulaea/2.1
* Aulaea/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Auloedus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AULOE'DUS (αὐλῳδός). One who sings to the accompaniment of a flute or pipe. Cic. Mur. 13.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aures

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AURES. The earth or mould boards of a plough, placed on each side of the share-beam, and inclining outwards, in order to throw off the earth turned up by the share into a ridge on each side of the furrow. (Virg. G. i. 172.) They are shown in the engraving s. v. ARATRUM 2. by the letters E E.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aureus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AU'REUS. Called also nummus aureus, or denarius aureus; a guilder, or golden denarius, the standard gold coin of the Romans, which passed for twenty-five denarii, or 17s. 8½d.; but the intrinsic value, as compared with our gold coinage at the present day would nearly equal 1l. 1s. 1¾d. (Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 13. Suet. Cal. 42. Id. Dom. 8. Hussey on ancient Weights and Money.). The illustration (Aureus/1.1) is from an original in its actual state.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aurigarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AURIGA'RIUS. Same as AURIGA. Suet. Nero. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aurigator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AURIGA'TOR. Same as AURIGA. Inscript. ap. Grut. 340. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Auriga

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AURI'GA (ἡνιοχος). In general any person who acted as a coachman or charioteer, as shown by the example (Auriga/1.1) from a terra-cotta bas-relief. Virg. Aen. xii. 624. Ovid. Met. ii. 327.
2. But, more especially, the driver of a racing car in the Circus at the Circensian games. (Suet. Cal. 54.) The example (Auriga/2.1) here given is from a statue in the Vatican, which, if compared with the next illustration, will afford a perfect notion of the costume worn by these drivers. The palm branch in the right hand is the emblem of victory; the purse in the left contains the sum of money which formed the prize. The manner in which these men drove was peculiar, and differed materially from the ordinary style, shown in the first cut, as will be perceived by the annexed example (Auriga/2.2), which is copied from a consular diptych; and as the original is the work of a late period, when the arts were at a low ebb, it is to be regarded as a more faithful representation of the actual truth unadorned by any attempts at artistic effect or ideal portraiture. The driver here passes the reins round his back, or actually stands within them; the object of which was to give him more command over his horses, by leaning his whole weight back against the reins, and to prevent the chance of their falling from his hands in case of any sudden shock or collision. But as this practice exposed him to the danger of being dragged in his reins in case of an upset, he carried a crooked knife fixed to the thongs which braced his body, as seen in front of the left side in the preceding figure, in order to cut them on the emergency. The last example also shows the skull cap which he wore on his head, as well as the bandages round the legs, and on the back of the hands; the horses' legs are also bandaged, their tails are tied up, their manes are hogged, and a mask is placed over the front of their faces.
3. By poets the word is also applied less specially, for a groom who brought out a carriage or war car, and stood at the horses' heads till the driver mounted (Virg. Aen. xii. 85.); for a helmsman (Ovid. Trist. i. 4. 16.); and generally for a horseman or rider (Auct. Paneg. ad Pison. 49.)
* Auriga/1.1
* Auriga/2.1
* Auriga/2.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aurigo

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AURI'GO and AURI'GOR. To drive a chariot in the races of the Circus, as described under AURIGA. Suet. Nero. 24. Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 27.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Auriscalpium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AURISCALP'IUM (ὠτογλυφίς). An ear-pick (Mart. Ep. xiv. 23.); also a surgeon's probe for the ear. (Scribon. Compos. 230.) The example (Aurscalpium/1.1) represents an original found at Pompeii.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Auspex

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AUS'PEX. One who takes the auspices, or in other words, who observes the flight, singing, or feeding of birds, in order to discover therefrom the secrets of futurity. Cic. Att. ii. 7. Hor. Od. iii. 27. 8.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Authepsa

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AUTHEP'SA (αὐθέψης). A word coined from the Greek, meaning in its literal sense a self-boiler (Cic. Rosc. Am. 46. Lamprid. Elag. 19.), from which it is reasonably inferred to have been an apparatus which contained its own fire and heaters for water, so as to be adapted for cooking in any part of a house; and consequently of the same description as the specimen (Authepsa/1.1) here introduced, from a bronze original found at Pompeii. The sides, which are of considerable thickness, and hollow, contained water; and a small cock projects from one of them (the left hand in the engraving) to draw it off; the four towers at the angles are provided with moveable lids; the centre received the lighted charcoal; and if a trivet or other vessel was placed over it, such an apparatus would admit of many processes in cooking, with great economy of trouble and expense. Many other contrivances of the same sort have been discovered at Pompeii, similar in regard to the principle upon which they are constructed, and only differing in the pattern or design.