OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Porticus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POR'TICUS (στοά). A portico or colonnade, comprising a long narrow walk covered by a roof supported upon columns, which thus afforded the advantage of a free circulation of air, and, at the same time, protection against the heat of the sun and humidity of the atmosphere. Structures of this kind originated with the Greeks, and were extensively adopted by the Romans, being constructed with great magnificence by both these nations; either as adjuncts to their villas and palatial residences, or as public buildings for the convenience and resort of the population, when they became places of general rendezvous, furnished with seats and decorated with objects of art to increase the splendour and attractions of the place (Cic. Att. iv. 16. Id. Dom. 44. Suet. Aug. 29. Id. Cal. 37.). The illustration (Porticus/1.1), from the marble map of Rome, represents the ground-plan of a portion of the magnificent portico of Octavia, built by Augustus, with the temples of Jupiter and Juno within its precincts. The principal entrance, marked by the double row of six columns (on the right hand of the engraving), which support a pediment of marble like the pronaos of a temple, is still in existence, but much embarrassed by subsequent repairs and modern buildings. Colonnades of the same character were also frequently annexed to the side of a cloister (crypta); so that the concourse frequenting them could retire to a more sheltered spot, whenever the excess of heat or cold induced them; of this, an example is exhibited under the word CRYPTA.
2. A covered gallery in an amphitheatre (Calpurn. Ecl. vii. 47.) for the occupation of the poorest classes; situated at the very top of the edifice, and furnished with a row of columns in front to support its roof, as shown by the woodcut at p. 29., which exhibits a restoration of the upper gallery to the amphitheatre at Pola, from the traces it has left, and those of the Coliseum at Rome.
3. A long wooden shed or gallery covered by a roof, but entirely or partially open at the sides, constructed over an agger (Caes. B. C. ii. 2.), as in the annexed example (Porticus/3.1) from the column of Trajan, to protect the men employed upon it; or in general to shelter anything placed under it such as a row of bee-hives, &c., from the cold and rain. Columell. ix. 7. 4.
* Porticus/1.1
* Porticus/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Portisculus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PORTI'SCULUS. A truncheon or hammer, with which the officer (pausarius) who gave out the chaunt (celeusma) to the rowers on board ship, beat the time to keep them in stroke (Ennius and Laber. ap. Non. s. v. p. 151. Cato ap. Fest. s. v. Plaut. As. iii. 1. 14.). In the illustration (Portisculus/1.1), from the Vatican Virgil, it is seen in the right hand of the figure sitting in the stern of the vessel.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Portitor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POR'TITOR (ἐλλιμενιστής). A custom-house officer; employed by the publicani, who leased the portorium, or duties levied upon exports, imports, and transit dues, to examine the goods of merchants and travellers. As the duty was an annoying one, and often exercised with harshness and incivility, these officers were extremely unpopular. Cic. Off. 1. 42. Non. s. v. p. 24.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Portula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POR'TULA (πυλίς). Diminutive of PORTA; and especially a wicket gate opening in a valve of the large one, in order to admit passengers after the gates had been shut at night. Liv. xxv. 9. Compare Polyb. viii. 20. 24.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Posca

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POSCA (ὀξύκρατον). An ordinary drink amongst the lower classes of the Roman people, slaves, and soldiers on service; consisting of water and sour wine or vinegar, with eggs beat up in it. Plaut. Mil. iii. 2. 23. Suet. Vit. 12. Spart. Hadr. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Postilena

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POSTILE'NA (ὑπουρίς). A crupper, or breeching for riding and pack horses; made of leather, or of wood bent into a semi-circular form (Plaut. Cas. i. 1. 36.), so as to embrace the hind quarters of the animal, round which it passed from the back part of the saddle pad, which it thus prevented from sliding forwards, as the antilena or breast strap did from shifting backwards. The illustration (Postilena/1.1) is copied from the arch of Septimius Severus.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Postis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POSTIS (παραστάς, σταθμός). The jamb of a door case; i. e. an upright pillar, or a post, one of which is placed on each side of a door-way resting upon the sill and supporting the lintel overhead, as shown by the annexed cut (Postis/1.1) representing a stone door-case, now remaining in one of the streets of Pompeii. Cic. Att. iii. 15. Ov. Am. ii. 1. 27. Val. Max. ix. 12. 6. Vitruv. iv. 6.
2. The poets apply the word in a more definite sense; sometimes using it for the door itself (foris), or one of its valves, or for the style (scapus cardinalis) forming the pivot (cardo) on which the leaf revolved.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Postomis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POST'OMIS. An instrument employed for the same purpose as the twitch is by our grooms and farriers, to hold a horse by the nose, in order to keep him perfectly still and tractable, whilst being handled, or dressed, or submitted to any nice operation (Non. s. v. p. 22). It was made with two branches ending in semicircular prongs, like a pair of pincers, the ends of which, being inserted in the nostrils, were pressed together by a cord fastened round the opposite extremity of the instrument. A contrivance of the same kind is used at the present day in some parts of England for leading bulls about, the pincers being found to tame their courage most completely; and in Tuscany, for draught oxen, in the manner exhibited by the annexed illustration (Postomis/1.1). The figure on the left hand represents an ancient postomis, from a bas-relief discovered in the south of France, on which two veterinaries are exhibited in the acts of bleeding and clipping horses; the one on the right the modern instrument now used in Italy; and the centre part shows the manner in which it is fastened on the beast, one of the round ends being fixed in each nostril, and the handle turned up against the forehead, where it is kept in place by means of a rope fastened round the horns, and running through a ring at the top, which makes the pincers nip whenever it is pulled. The illustration will also explain an allusion of Lucilius (ap. Non. l. c.), who characterises a tippler by saying that the wine cup was always at his nose, which he therefore likens to a postomis.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Postscenium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POSTSCE'NIUM. That part of a Roman theatre which lies behind the scenes (scena), to which the actors withdrew from the stage to make any change in their costume, or perform such actions as required to be concealed from the spectators. Lucret. iv. 1179. See the ground-plan s. THEATRUM ROMANUM, on which it is marked EE.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Postsignani

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POSTSIGNA'NI. The soldiers drawn up in the second and third lines of a battle array; that is, behind the front ranks in which the standards (signa) were placed. Frontin. Strat. ii. 3. 17. Ammian. xxiv. 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Postulaticii

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POSTULATIC'II. Gladiators exhibited over and above the regular numbers advertised for the show, in order to gratify the demands (postulata) of the people. Senec. Ep. vii.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praecentor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAECEN'TOR. The leader of a choral band. Apul. de Mund. p. 749.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praecia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAE'CIA. A crier who preceded the Flamines on holy days, and ordered the people to cease from work whilst a procession passed, lest the sacred rites should be profaned by the priest setting eyes upon a person engaged in manual labour, which was regarded in the light of a pollution. Festus, s. v. Serv. ad Virg. Georg. i. 268.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praecinctio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAECINC'TIO (διάζωμα). A wide landing place, or lobby, in the interior of a theatre and amphitheatre, running all round the circle of the cavea at the top of each maenianum, or tier of seats (Vitruv. v. 3. 4. Compare ii. 8. 11.). The general design of these lobbies will be understood by referring to the plan of the theatre at Herculaneum introduced s. THEATRUM ROMANUM, a portion of which is shown in elevation by the woodcut annexed (Praecinctio/1.1), which contains the corresponding parts of three praecinctiones. Their use was to enable the spectator when he entered the theatre to reach his own seat without incommoding those who had arrived before him. If, for instance, he entered by the furthest of the small doors (vomitoria) in the illustration, whilst the number of his seat happened to be in the compartment (cavea) nearest to the reader, he walked round the praecinctio until he reached the nearer flight of stairs (scalae), which he descended until he came to the row of seats (gradus) where his place was numbered, thus having to pass only those few persons who might be sitting between the staircase and the stall belonging to him.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praeclavium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAECLA'VIUM. That portion of a piece of cloth intended to be decorated with the purple stripe (clavus), which was woven before or without the stripe (Non. s. v.). It was made of white wool, and when completed the coloured threads were taken up, and woven into the fabric, as is clear from a passage of Afranius (ap. Non. l. c.): — mea nutrix, surge, si vis, profer purpuram, praeclavium textum est.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praeco

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAE'CO. A public crier; employed by the Romans for many purposes — in a court of justice to summon the plaintiff and defendant, announce the names of the parties, proclaim the sentence, &c.; at the comitia to call up the centuries to vote, proclaim the vote of each century, and the names of the persons elected; at auctions to call the articles put up for sale, announce the biddings, &c., at the public games, where they summoned the people to attend and proclaimed the names of the successful competitors; at the public assemblies, where they were employed to keep silence and preserve order; and at solemn funerals (funera indictiva), when they went round the city inviting the people to attend, of which the annexed figure (Praeco/1.1) affords an example, from a Roman bas-relief, in which he is represented with his long trumpet at the head of a funeral procession; and, finally, as a town crier, who cried lost property through the district. Plaut. Cic. Liv. Hor. &c.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praefericulum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAEFERIC'ULUM. A metal vase, without any handle, and widely open above, like the pelvis, employed for holding the sacred utensils which were carried in procession at certain religious solemnities. Festus, s. v.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praeficae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAE'FICAE. Women hired to act as mourners in the funeral processions of wealthy individuals. (Lucil. and Varro ap. Non. s. v. p. 67. Plaut. Truc. ii. 6. 14.) They preceded the corpse, making every external demonstration of poignant grief, with bare heads and dishevelled hair, weeping aloud, and chanting a funeral dirge, or singing the praises of the deceased; as exhibited by the annexed figures (Praeficae/1.1) from a marble sarcophagus, on which the funeral of Meleager is represented. This singular custom is still observed in two districts of Italy, at Canalo and at Agnara, both in the diocese of Gerace, where women, termed ripetitrici, that is, rehearsers, perform similar offices for the dead. Ficoroni, Vestig. Rom. part. ii. p. 77.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praefurnium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAEFUR'NIUM. The mouth of a furnace in a kiln (fornax), or to the heating chamber (hypocausis) of a set of baths; that is, the narrow passage or gully opening into the furnace through which the fuel was introduced. (Cato, R. R. 38. 1. Vitruv. v. 10. 2. Id. vii. 10.) It is shown in the annexed wood-cut (Praefurnium/1.1), representing the remains of a Roman pottery-kiln, discovered near Castor in Northamptonshire, by the dark archway at the bottom of the engraving, behind which the circular furnace is placed.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praegustator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAEGUSTA'TOR (προγευστής). A slave commissioned to taste the dishes at table before they were presented to his master; to discover if they were properly seasoned, and, more especially, as a safeguard against secret poison. The office was of Oriental origin, but adopted by the Greeks and Romans as luxury increased and morals declined. Suet. Claud. 44. Tac. Ann. xii. 66. Plin. H. N. xxi. 9. Xen. Cyr. i. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praelum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAELUM. See PRELUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praepilatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAEPILA'TUS (with the antepenult short), designates a weapon for thrusting, which has its point muffled with a button or ball (pila), like our foils, to prevent it from inflicting wounds, whilst the soldiers were learning their exercises, or exhibiting in sham-fights and reviews. Liv. xxvi. 51. Hirt. B. Afr. 72. Quint. v. 12. 7.
2. Praepilatus (with the antepenult long) which is derived from pilum, means simply discharged. Ammian. xxiv. 6. 10. Compare xvi. 12. 36.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praesepes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAESE'PES, -E'PIS, -E'PIA, -E'PE and -E'PIUM. Literally, any place which is protected in front by a hedge or a fence; whence referred to a pen for sheep (Varro, R. R. ii. 2. 19.); a stall for cattle (Cato, R. R. 14. 1.); a stable for horses (Virg. Aen. vii. 275.); and the manger in a stall or stable (Suet. Cal. 55. Columell. i. 6. 6.), for which the technical term is PATENA, under which an illustration is given.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praestigiator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAESTIGIA'TOR (θαυματοποιός). One who practises sleights of hand; a conjuror or juggler. Senec. Ep. 45. Front. de Or. Ep. 1. ed. A. Maio.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praestigiatrix

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAESTIGIAT'RIX. A female juggler. Plaut. Amph. ii. 2. 159.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praesul

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAESUL. Literally, one who jumps or dances before others (Cic. Div. i. 26.), whence used as a title for the chief of the Salii, who danced annually through the city, exhibiting the sacred shields (ancilia) to the multitude. Capitol. Marc. Antonin. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praetextatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAETEXTA'TUS. Wearing the TOGA PRAETEXTA, as exaplained under that word.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praetexta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAETEX'TA. See TOGA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Praetoriani

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PRAETORIA'NI. The praetorian guards, a standing body of troops created by Augustus as a bodyguard, in imitation of the more ancient praetorian cohort (cohors praetoria), and continued under the succeeding emperors until the time of Constantine, by whom they were suppressed, and their stationary camp at Rome broken up. (Tac. Hist. ii. 44. Plin. H. N. vi. 35. Aurel. Vict. Caes. 40.) Although the arms and accoutrements of these troops cannot be declared with positive assurance, yet there are good grounds for believing that the annexed figure (Praetoriani/1.1) from the column of Trajan represents a soldier of the corps in question; because soldiers equipped in the same manner are commonly seen on the columns and triumphal arches in immediate attendance on the emperor's person; or forming parties sent out to reconnoitre the country and movements of the enemy, which was one of the duties appertaining to these guards, as may be inferred from Suetonius (Tib. 60.); and they are never represented as performing any of the ordinary labours of the legionary soldiers, such as digging trenches, felling timber, making fortifications, &c.
2. Equites praetoriani. The cavalry which formed part of the praetorian guard. (Suet. Cal. 45. Id. Claud. 21.) The illustration (Praetoriani/2.1) is copied from the column of Trajan; and it will be observed that the character of the body armour as well as the form and device of the shield, resembles in every respect those of the preceding figure, thus constituting an additional ground for the belief that both these men were intended for praetorians.
* Praetoriani/1.1
* Praetoriani/2.1