# Korean/Words/Hotspots
## 가다
### Noun

* 한곳에서 다른 곳으로 장소를 이동하다.
    to go

### Comparatives

| Languages | Infinitive | Imperative |
| Danish | at gå | gå! |
| Dutch | gaan | ga! |
| English | to go | go! |
| German | gehen | geh! |
| Korean | 가다 (ga-da) | 가! (ga) |
| Norwegian | gås | gå! |
| Swedish | gå | gå! |

## 가르다
### Noun

* 쪼개거나 나누어 따로따로 되게 하다.
    to split, rip, divide

### Relatives

| Verbs | Nouns |
| 가르다 (active) 갈리다 (passive) 가리다 갈다 거르다 | 가람 (garam, "river") 가랑이 (garang-i, "thighs") 가래 (garae, "Korean device for ploughing") 가루 (garu, "flour") 가리비 (garibi, "scallop") 갈래 (gallae, "division") 갈퀴 (galkwi, "rake") cf. Harke #German 갈비 (gal-bi, "ribs") 갈 > 칼 (gal > kal, "knife, sword") |

## 갈래
### Noun

* 하나에서 둘 이상으로 갈라져 나간 낱낱의 부분이나 계통.
    what is split, divided, or separated.

### Relatives

* 가르다 (gareuda, "to split, divide")
* 가람 (garam, "river")
* 가래 (garae, "spade")
* 가리비 (garibi, "scallop")
* 갈기 (galgi, "shred, strip; mane")
* 갈비 (galbi, "rib")
* 갈퀴 (galkwi, "rake")
* 갈퀴다 (galkwida, "to rake")
* 할퀴다 (halkwida, "to scratch")

### Comparatives

* The galley (ship) looks like a long extension of the Chinese pictogram 非, which is modelled after a pair of opposing wings of a bird. cf. Japanese ガレー (gare). See: w:jp: ガレー船
* The galley (kitchen), as seen in large airplanes or ships, also looks like a long extension of the Chinese pictogram 非 more often than not. cf. Japanese ギャレー (gyare). See: w:jp: ギャレー
* The galley (for proofreading) is simply derived from a long array of typeset trays prior to the final pagination. cf. Japanese ゲラ (gera). See: w:jp: ゲラ刷り
* The long gallery is used for displaying art collections, and so on.

## 거흠
### Noun

* ‘입천장’의 옛말
    palate, literally "roof of the mouth" cf. English gums "flesh around teeth" cf. German Gaumen "roof of the mouth"

### Synonyms

* 입천장 (ib-cheonjang, "palate, roof of the mouth") cf. Sino-Korean 구개 (口蓋, gugae)
* 웃거흠 (ut-, obsolete "upper jaw")
* 입웃거흠 (ib-ut-, obsolete "upper jaw")
* 위턱 (wi-teog, "upper jaw") cf. Sino-Korean 상악 (上顎, sang-ag)

### Relatives

* 아래턱 (arae-teog, "lower jaw") cf. Sino-Korean 하악 (下顎, ha-ag)
* 턱 (teog, "jaw, chin")
* 턱뼈 (teog-ppyeo, "jawbone, mandible")
* 잇몸 (it-mom, "gum, flesh around teeth")
* 구무 (gumu, obsolete "hole, cavity")

### Comparatives

| flesh around teeth | roof of the mouth |
| Danish: tandkød, gumme Dutch: tandvlees English: gum German: Zahnfleisch Icelandic: tannhold Norwegian: tannkjøtt Swedish: tandkött | German: Gaumen Icelandic: gómur Old English gōma Swedish: gom Miscellany Danish: gane Norwegian: gane Dutch: verhemelte English: palate |

### Revision of wikt: 거흠

* Revision as of 11:43, 17 December 2006 (edit)
* KYPark (talk | contribs)
* Korean
* Alternative forms
* 거훔 (geohum) (obsolete)
* 거엄 (geoEom) (obsolete)
* Etymology
* Of native Korean origin.
* Noun
* 거흠 • (geoheum)
* (obsolete) jawbone
* Synonyms
* 턱뼈 (teokppyeo)
* 악골 (顎骨, akgol)
* Derived terms
* 웃거흠 (utgeoheum): upper jawbone
* 입웃거흠 (ibutgeoheum): upper jawbone
* Related terms
* 턱 (teok): jaw
* 뼈 (ppyeo): bone
* 어금니 (eogeumni): (grinding, molar) cheek tooth
* 입천장 (입天障, ipcheonjang): palate
* 잇몸 (inmom): gum [...]
* See also
* 구무 (gumu): (obsolete) hole, hollow, cavity
* Category: Korean nouns
* Category: Native Korean words

## 구무
### Noun

* ‘구멍’의 옛말.
* ‘밑구멍’의 옛말.

### Alternative forms

* 구멍 [gumeong] cf. German Gaumen
* 구메 [gume] cf. Low German gume, Middle Dutch gumme
* 구모 [gumo] cf. Old High German goumo

### Compounds

* 귓구무 [gwit-] earhole
* 입구무 [ip-] oral cavity
* 콧구무 [kot-] nostril

### Comparatives

* gum #English ("the flesh around the teeth")
* Gaumen #German ("palate, or the roof of the mouth; oral cavity")
* gumme #Middle Dutch ("palate")
* gōma #Old English ("palate")
* goumo #Old High German ("palate")
* クマ #Japanese (kuma, "bear 熊; cove, cavity 隈")

## 구르다
### Noun

* 바퀴처럼 돌면서 옮겨 가다.
    (intransitive) to roll cf. Latin gyro "I revolve around, wheel around"

### Relatives

* 굴리다 (gullida, transitive "to roll")
* 구름 (gureum, "cloud")

### Comparatives

| Strong reduplication | Weak reduplication |
| Greek: κύκλος (kýklos) Latin: cyclus | Danish: cyklus Dutch: cyclus English: cycle German: Zyklus Italian: ciclo Portuguese: ciclo Spanish: ciclo Swedish: cykel |
| Korean | Japanese | Remarks |
| 구르다 (gureuda) | ころがる (korogaru) | intransitive |
| 굴리다 (gullida) | ころがす (korogasu) | transitive |
* くるま #Japanese (kuruma, "car, wheel" )
* ごろごろ, ゴロゴロ (gorogoro)
** (onomatopoeia) with the sound of thunder
** (onomatopoeia) with a rumble
** (onomatopoeia) with a growl
** (onomatopoeia) with a purr
** (onomatopoeia) rolling
** (onomatopoeia) ubiquitously
** (onomatopoeia) idly passing the time

## 누나
### Noun

* 같은 부모에게서 태어난 사이거나 일가친척 가운데 항렬이 같은 사이에서, 남자가 손위 여자를 이르거나 부르는 말. 때로는 남남끼리 나이가 적은 남자가 손위 여자를 정답게 이르거나 부르는 말. 예: 옆집 누나.
    older sister of a male (by extension applied to close, friendly older females)

### Relatives

* 누이 (nui, "younger sister of a male")
* 언니 (eonni, "older sister of a female")

### Comparatives

| Germanic | Norse | Others |
| non #Dutch nun #English Nonne #German | nonne #Danish nunna #Faroese nonne #Norway nunna #Swedish | nunn #Estonian nunna #Finnish nuna #Slovene |

## 도
### Particle

* 이미 어떤 것이 포함되고 그 위에 더함의 뜻을 나타내는 보조사.
    too, as well; either ... or, (negative) neither ... nor

### Comparatives

* da #Azerbaijani
* 都 #Cantonese (dou1)
* о́же #Russian (tóže)
* túdi #Slovene
* da #Turkish

## 돌멘
### Noun

* 고인돌 (큰 돌을 몇 개 둘러 세우고 그 위에 넓적한 돌을 덮어 놓은 선사 시대의 무덤).
    (loanword) dolmen

### Related terms

* 고인돌 (goindol, "dolmen"), origin unknown.
* *돌면 (돌宀, dolmyeon, "dolmen"), assumed.
* 면 (宀, myeon, Old Chinese *men, "roof; house").

## 두
### Numeral

* 그 수량이 둘임을 나타내는 말.
    (adjectival) two

### Nominal form

* 둘 (dul)

### Relatives

| Arabic | Roman | Hanja | Nominal | Adjectival | English |
| 1 | I | 一 | 하나 (hana) | 한 (han) | one |
| 2 | II | 二 | 둘 (dul) | 두 (du) | two |
| 3 | III | 三 | 셋 (set) | 세 (se) | three |
| 4 | IV | 四 | 넷 (net) | 네 (ne) | four |
| 5 | V | 五 | 다섯 (daseot) | 다섯 (daseot) | five |

### Comparatives

| Germanic | Norse | Latinic |
| twee #Dutch two #English zwei #German zwo #German | to #Danish (IPA: /toː/) tvey #Faroese (n) tvö #Icelandic (n) to #Norway (IPA: /tuː/) tu #Swedish (IPA: /tʉː/) | due #Italian duo #Latin (n) duas #Portuguese (f) dos #Spanish |

## 두다
### Verb

* 일정한 곳에 놓다.
    to lay, put, place something somewhere, say, on the table.

### Relatives

* 놓다 (noh-da, "to lay down, put down")

### Compounds

* 놓아두다 (noh-a-, "to get something laid down")
* 쌓아두다 (ssah-a-, "to get something piled")
* 바둑을 두다 (badug-eul-, "to play go game," lit. "to place one after another stone in the vital position on the board.")

### Comparatives

* duon #Old Dutch
* doen #Dutch
* dōn #Old English
* do #English
* tuon #Old High German
* tun #German

## 둑
### Noun

* 높은 길을 내려고 쌓은 언덕. 하천이나 호수의 물, 바닷물의 범람을 막기 위하여 설치하는, 흙이나 콘크리트 따위로 만든 구축물. 보를 만들거나 논밭을 보호할 목적으로 쌓은 언덕.
    dyke, levee, bank, embankment, dam

### Comparatives

* dyke as "barrier to prevent flooding"
| Germanic | Latinic | Others |
| dige #Danish dijk #Dutch dyke #English dyk #Frysk Deich #German | dic #Catalan digue #French diga #Italian diga #Latin dique #Portuguese dique #Spanish | dyk #Africaans дига #Bulgarian (diga) 둑 #Korean (dug) |
* levee as "embankment to prevent inundation"
* levee #Translation
* Bulgarian: дига (diga)
* Danish: floddige
* French: digue
* German: Deich, Damm
* Korean: 둑 (dug)
* Portuguese: dique
* Russian: да́мба (dámba)
* Spanish: dique

### WHY & HOW it is vital

* Wikipedia: Yu the Great #Great Yu controls the waters (大禹, c. 2123–2025 BC)
    From: Wikipedia: Great Flood (China)
    He figures prominently in the Chinese legend of "Great Yu Who Controlled the Waters" (Chinese: 大禹治水; pinyin: Dà Yǔ Zhì Shuǐ).
    Still in 2020 summer, we saw such a disastrous flooding along the Yangtze River.
* Wikipedia: Hammurabi
    The readers do miss the story of such a thrilling success he made by controlling the huge body of water that he may well be called the father of flood control, or 한물(hanmur, "flood") + 아비(abi, "father") in Korean wordplay.

### Korean dictionaries

| 낱말 | 표준국어대사전 | 뉴에이스 국어사전 |
| 둑 | 높은 길을 내려고 쌓은 언덕. 하천이나 호수의 물, 바닷물의 범람을 막기 위하여 설치하는, 흙이나 콘크리트 따위로 만든 구축물. 보를 만들거나 논밭을 보호할 목적으로 쌓은 언덕. | 제방(堤防). 높은 길을 내려고 쌓은 언덕. |
| 제방 | 물가에 흙이나 돌, 콘크리트 따위로 쌓은 둑. 홍수나 해일에 물이 넘어 들어오지 못하게 하거나 물을 막아 고이게 한다. cf. levee #American English | 홍수를 막기 위하여 흙으로 쌓은 둔덕. 둑. |
| 방죽 | 물이 밀려들어 오는 것을 막기 위하여 쌓은 둑. cf. Deich #German 파거나, 둑으로 둘러막은 못. cf. Teich #German | 물의 침범을 막기 위하여 쌓은 둑. |
| 못 | 넓고 오목하게 팬 땅에 늘 물이 괴어 있는 곳. 늪보다 작다. cf. pond, pool, above all, moat. | 넓고 깊게 팬 땅에 물이 괴어 있는 곳. 늪보다 작음. 연못. |

### See also

* 굳 (gud, "gut")
* 담 (dam, "dam")
* 둔 (dun, "dun")

## 둔
### Noun

* 많은 사람이 떼를 지어 모이는 일. 또는 모인 곳이나 모인 무리.
    dun, fort, hillfort; hill; town

### Synonyms

* 진 (陣, jin)

### Compounds

* 둔병 (-byeong, lit. "dun soldiers")
* 둔전 (-jeon, lit. "dun farm")

### Relatives

* 둔덕 (dun-deog, "hill")
* 둔치 (dun-chi, "dune")
* 둔치다 (dunchi-da, "to camp, station")
* 진치다 (dunchi-da, "to camp, station")

### Comparatives

| 屯 #Chinese | 屯 (tún, "village, camp, station") |
| dun #English | dun ("fort, hill-fort") |
| dun #Old English | dun ("hill, mountain") |
| dún #Irish | dún ("fort, fortress") |
| dún #Old Irish | dún ("fort, fortress") |
| dùn #Scottish Gaelic | dùn ("heap; fort, fortress; town") |
* 둔 (dun, "hill") vs. 둑 (dug, "dyke")
| 둔 (dun) | 둑 (duk) |
| English  Dutch  German  dune duin Düne thin dun dünn down dons Daune town tuin Zaun dun dun Dun | English  Dutch  German  dyke dijk Deich thick dik dick tight dicht dicht thigh dij דיך‎ dough deeg Teig |

## 딛다

    (ditda, "to set foot on")

## 또

    See: #도
* https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=또
* [부사] 어떤 일이 거듭하여.
* [부사] 그 밖에 더.
* [부사] 그럼에도 불구하고.

## 또한

    See: #도
* https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=또한
* [부사] 어떤 것을 전제로 하고 그것과 같게.
* [부사] 그 위에 더. 또는 거기에다 더.

## 만들다
### Verb

* 노력이나 기술 따위를 들여 목적하는 사물을 이루다.
    to make cf. German machen

### See also

* 만지다 (manjida, "to handle, manage")

## 말
### Noun

* 사람의 생각이나 느낌 따위를 표현하고 전달하는 데 쓰는 음성 기호. 곧 사람의 생각이나 느낌 따위를 목구멍을 통하여 조직적으로 나타내는 소리를 가리킨다.
    language, speech

### Compounds

* 말뜻 (mal-tteut, "meaning of speech, language")

### Comparatives

| Norse | See also |
| Old Norse: mál Faroese: mál Icelandic: mál Danish: mål Norwegian: mål Swedish: mål | Old English: mæl English: blackmail #Etymology |

### See also

* 뜻 (tteut, "meaning; intention; significance")

## 말개미
### Noun

* ‘왕개미’를 일상적으로 이르는 말.
    a horse ant, or Formica rufa if you like.

### Synonyms

* 왕개미 (王-, wang-gaemi, lit. "king ant")
* 홍개미 (紅-, hong-gaemi, lit. "red ant")

### Relatives

* 개미 (gaemi, "ant")

### Comparatives

* 말개미 #Korean "horse ant"
* 말 (mal, "horse") + 개미 (gaemi, "ant")
* 馬蟻 #Sino-Korean
* 馬 (ma, "horse") + 蟻 (ui, "ant")
* 螞蟻 #Chinese
* 螞 (mǎ, "insect") + 蟻 ( yǐ, "ant")
* horse ant #English
* horse ("horse") + ant ("ant")
* https://www.websters1913.com/words/Horse
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formica_rufa
* Pferdeameise #German
* Pferd ("horse") + e + Ameise ("ant")
* https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rote_Waldameise
* Pferdeameise f. (동물) 붉은가슴개미

### See also

* 왕게 (wang-gae, "king crab")

## 말거머리
### Noun

* 거머릿과의 환형동물. 몸의 길이는 10cm, 폭은 1.7cm 정도이며, 등은 누런 녹색이고, 배는 연한 녹색에 검고 작은 반점이 줄지어 있다. 몸은 대칭형으로 다소 평평하고 긴 가락 모양이다. 사람의 피부에 상처를 내기는 하나 피를 빨지는 못하며 조개류를 먹고 산다. 논이나 연못에 사는데 한국, 일본, 중국 등지에 분포한다.
    a horse-leech

### Relatives

* 거머리 (geomeori, "leech")

### Comparatives

| Asiatic & Finno-Ugric | Germanic & Slavic |
| 馬蛭 #Chinese 馬 (mǎ, "horse") + 蛭 (zhì, "leech") 馬蛭 #Japanese Kotobank ウマ (uma, "horse") + ビル (biru, "leech") 말거머리 #Korean 말 (mal, "horse") + 거머리 (geomeori, "leech") đỉa trâu #Vietnamese đỉa ("leech") + trâu ("water buffalo") & hobukaan #Estonian wp hobu ("horse") + kaan ("leech") hevosjuotikas #Finnish wp hevos ("horse") + juotikas ("leech") lópióca #Hungarian wp ló ("horse") + pióca ("leech") | Paardenbloedzuiger #Dutch wp paarden ("horse") + bloedzuiger ("leech") horse leech #English horse ("horse") + leech ("leech") Pferdeegel #German wp Pferde ("horse") + Egel ("leech") hesteigle #Norwegian wp hest ("horse") + eigle ("leech") hästigel #Swedish wp häst ("horse") + igel ("leech") & pijavka koňská #Czech wp pijavka ("leech") + koňská ("horse") pijawka końska #Polish wp pijawka ("leech") + końska ("horse") ко́нская пия́вка #Russian ко́нская ("horse") + пия́вка ("leech") |

### Wikt: horse-leech #Translations in History

larger than the common leech :
| Chinese: Mandarin: 馬蛭, 马蛭 (mǎzhì) Czechs: pijavka koňská Estonian: hobukaan Finnish: hevosjuotikas (fi) German: Pferdeegel m Hungarian: lópióca | Japanese: ウマヒル (umahiru) Korean: 말거머리 (malgeomeori) Norwegian: hesteigle Polish: pijawka końska Russian: конская пиявка f (kónskaja pijávka) Swedish: hästigel Vietnamese: đỉa trâu |

### See also

* 말- (mal, "horse; large, coarse")

## 말벌
### Noun

* ‘호박벌’을 일상적으로 이르는 말. 동물 말벌과의 벌을 통틀어 이르는 말. 동물 말벌과의 벌. 몸은 암컷이 2.5cm, 수컷이 2cm 정도이며, 검은 갈색에 갈색 또는 누런 갈색의 털이 나 있다.
    a hornet

### Relatives

* 벌 (beol, "bee")

### Comparatives

* 말벌 #Korean
* 말 (mal, "horse") + 벌 (beol, "bee")
* 馬蜂 #Chinese
* 馬 (mǎ, "horse") + 蜂 (fēng, "bee")
* морин зөгий #Mongolian
* морин (morin, "horse") + зөгий (zögij, "bee")
* eşek arısı #Turkish
* eşek (eşek, "mule") + arısı (arısı, "bee's")
* ձիաբոռ #Armenian
* ձի (ji, "horse") + ա (a, interfix) + բոռ (boṙ, "bee")
* lódarázs #Hungarian
* ló (ló, "horse") + darázs (darázs, "bee")
* shellan cabbyl #Manx
* shellan ("bee") + cabbyl ("horse")
* פֿערדבין #Yiddish
* פֿערד‎ (ferd, "horse") +‎ בין‎ (bin, "bee")
* *pferdebiene #German
* Pferd ("horse") + e + Biene ("bee")
* *horse bee #English
* horse ("horse") + bee ("bee")

## 말파리

    말 (mal, "horse") + 파리 (pari, "fly")
* 馬蠅 #Japanese
* うま (uma, "horse") + ばえ (bae, "fly")
* horsefly #English
* horse ("horse") + fly ("fly")
* Pherdebremse #German
* Pferd ("horse") + e + Bremse ("fly")
* Naver German dictionary

## 머구리
### Noun

* ‘개구리1’의 방언(함경).
    (dialect) frog

### Synonyms

* 개구리 (gaeguri, "frog")

### Relativs

* 메구리 (meguri, "frog" (Jeonbuk dialect))
* 메구리1 (meguri, "frog" (Pyeongan & Hamgyeong dialect))
* 메구리2 (meguri, "frogman" (Hambuk dialect))

### Comparatives

* Japanese 潜り (moguri, “diving”)
* Mongolian мэлхий (melhij, "frog")

## 미리내
### Noun

* ‘은하수(銀河水)’의 방언(제주).
    (Jeju dialect) Milky Way, literally, "dragon river"

### Synonyms

* 은하 (eunha, lit. "silvery river")
* 은하수 (eunhasu, lit. "silvery river waters")

### Relatives

* 미르 (mireu, "dragon")
* 미리 (miri, "dragon")
* 내 (nae, "river")

### Comparatives

* 天河 #Japanese (てんが, tenga, "Milky Way," lit. "Sky River")

## 버텅아래

RR: beoteong-arae
* Your, His or Her Majesty

### Synonyms

* 폐하 (陛下, pyaeha, "Your, His or Her Majesty")

### Comparatives

* Majesty
    The common majesty is "the quality of being impressive and great." What could physically justify the royal Majesty? It may be especially when His/Her Majesty leads the great noble crowd. Likewise is the case with the Korean counterpart, which is a metonym from Korean 버텅 (beoteong, "stepstone" + 아래 (arae, "the lower part"), possibly a calque from Sino-Korean 폐하 (pyaeha) from Chinese 陛下, all suggesting the noble gathering below the royal stepstone. As such, great nobility, east and west, must act as a measure, metaphor and/or metonym for great royalty and/or majesty.

### Comments

* This entry is to enter 표준국어대사전 (pyojun-gukeo-daesajeon), too.

## 치우
### Hanja: 蚩尤

* 고대 동북 아시아의 전설적 전쟁신
    Chiyou, the ancient Far-East god of war.

### Comparatives

* Tiu or Tiw
* Tyr or Týr

### See also

* Tuesday, meaning "Tiw's day"
* Thing, the ancient Germanic assembly
* Mars Thingsus in Latin, meaning "Mars or the war god characteristic of the Thing"
* Tinghus in Norwegian, meaning "Courthouse", literally, "Thing-house" cf. Korean/Words/텽집

## 태극

    RR: taegeuk (太極)
* The Ultimate Oneness, Taiji, or the like.

### 태극기

    RR: taegeukgi (太極旗)
* the national flag of the Republic of Korea
* The 1882 flag of Korea (since 1949 the flag of South Korea).
* The national flag of the Republic of Korea (2011-present).
* The earliest known Taijitu or yin-yang diagram.
* Coat of arms adopted by Niels Bohr in 1947

### 태극도

    RR: taegeukdo (太極圖)
* Taijitu or yin-yang diagram
* Taijitu (太極圖)
* Bagua: Modern Taijitu with I Ching trigrams.
* Fuxi 'Earlier Heaven' bagua arrangement.

### Comments

* It is quite an irony as well as mystery that the colorful shield pattern above (ca. AD 430) of an Western Roman infantry unit is the earliest known Taijitu or yin-yang diagram, most likely of East Asian origin, and that most likely earlier than that. The influence of the East on the West would have never ended with that!

### See also

* The Möbius band symbolizes a unity or oneness
* To turn a rectangle into a Möbius strip

## 텽
### Noun

* 한옥에서, 몸채의 방과 방 사이에 있는 큰 마루.
    the large hall between rooms in Korean housing.

### Meanwhile

* 廳이란 "聽(듣다)과 广(집)을 합친 글자로, 하소연을 듣는 곳, 즉 관청을 나타냄."
    According to a Sino-Korean dictionary, 廳, as a compound of 聽 "to hear" and 广 "house", means the office of hearing pleas, that is, the government office.

### Relatives

* 텽집 (tyeongjip)
* 청사 (cheongsa), 廳舍 (tīngshe)
* 청당 (廳堂, cheongdang), 廳堂/厅堂 (tīngtáng)
* 청문 (聽聞)
* 청문회 (聽聞會)

### Comparatives

Thing #Translations :
| Germanic Danish: ting Dutch: ding English: Thing Faroese: ting German: Ding, Thing Icelandic: þing Norwegian: ting Old English: þing Old High German: ding Old Norse: þing Swedish: ting | Other languages Italian: ting, thing Estonian: ting Finnish: ting, thing French: Thing Macedonian: тинг (ting) Portuguese: thing Russian: тинг (ting) Spanish: thing |

### References

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thing_(assembly)
* https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ting_(forsamling)
* https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinghus
* https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingshus
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husting
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courthouse
* https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/팅그

### Footnotes
## 품다
### Verb

* 괴어 있는 물을 계속해서 많이 푸다.
    to repeatedly draw water from its body, likely using a certain device. (frequentative)
    cf. Middle English pumpe, German pumpen (frequentative)

### Relatives

* 푸다 (puda, "to dip, draw, ladle" (not frequentative))
* 파다 (pada, "to dig")
* 뿜다 (ppumda, "to spout, spurt, blow, cf. fume)
* 용두레 (yongdure)

### Comparatives

| Germanic | Latinic |
| pompen #Dutch pump #English pumpen #German pumpa #Swedish | pomper #French pompare #Italian bombear #Portuguese bombear #Spanish |

## 해바라기
### Noun

* 국화과의 한해살이풀. 높이는 2미터 정도이며, 잎은 어긋나고 넓은 달걀 모양인데 가장자리에 굵은 톱니가 있다. 8~9월에 노란색의 큰 두상화(頭狀花)가 줄기 끝이나 가지 끝에 피고 열매는 수과(瘦果)를 맺는다. 씨는 기름을 짜서 등유로 쓰거나 식용하고 줄기 속은 이뇨, 진해, 지혈에 약재로 쓴다. 관상용이고 중앙아메리카가 원산지로 세계 각지에 분포한다.
    sunflower

### Synonyms

* 향일화 (向日花, hyang-il-hwa)

### Relatives

* 해 (hae, "sun") from 희 (hvi, "white; sun")
* 바라보다 (bara-boda, "to look (forward) to")
* 바라다 (barada, "to desire, want")
* 보다 (boda, "to see, look at")

### Comparatives

    The following translations center around the sun.
| Western European | Others |
| Germanic Dutch: zonnebloem English: sunflower German: Sonnenblume Norse Danish: solsikke Faroese: sólblóma Icelandic: sólblóm Norwegian: solsikke Swedish: solros Romance French: tournesol Galician: mirasol, xirasol Italian: girasole Portuguese: girassol Spanish: girasol, tornasol, mirasol | Slavic Belarusian: слане́чнік (slanjéčnik) Czech: slunečnice Polish: słonecznik Russian: подсо́лнечник (podsólnečnik), подсо́лнух (podsólnux) Slovene: sončnica Ukrainian: со́няшник (sónjašnyk), со́нях sónjax) Finno-ugric, etc. Finnish: auringonkukka Hungarian: napraforgó Lithuanian: saulėgrąža Asiatic Chinese: 向日葵 (xiàngrìkuí) Japanese: 向日葵 (ひまわり, himawari) Korean: 해바라기 (haebaragi), 향일화 (向日花, hyang-il-hwa) Vietnamese: hướng dương (向陽) |

## 햇귀

    RR: haetgwi
* the rising sun's rays, literally, sun's ear.

### Derivatives

* 햇귀엣골 or 해귀엣골 (haegwietgol, "the halo of the sun")

### Comparatives

* https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wheel#Etymology, focusing on Old English hwēogol that seems to relate to Korean 해의 고리 (haeui gori, "the sun's ring or halo").

## 햇물

    RR: haetmul
* halo of the sun.

### Synonyms

* 햇무리 [haetmuri]
* 흿모로 [huitmoro] (obsolete)

### Compares

* German Himmel ("sky")

# References

* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=가다
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/가다
* ↑ Anomalous English infinitive "to go" From Middle English gon, goon, from Old English gān (“to go”). Hence, the present prefix "to" is a corruption of the early English suffix "-on" or "-n", which is equivalent to Dutch "-an", German "-en", cf. Korean "-다".
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=가르다
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/가르다
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=갈래
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/갈래
* ↑ Compare: hark #Dutch "rake" Harke #German "rake"
* ↑ Compare: harken #Dutch "to rake" harken #English "to listen, hear, regard" harken #German "to rake"
* ↑ 손톱이나 날카로운 물건으로 긁어 상처를 내다. A set of fingernails may well serve as a rake.
* ↑ Illustration from Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (1890—1907)
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=거훔
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=거흠
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/거흠
* ↑ This sense of gum is a result of semantic change from the original "palate".
* ↑ Equal to Chinese 上顎 (shàng'è), 口蓋 (kǒugài), 齶 (è) "palate, roof of mouth"
* ↑ Together with the Chinese counterpart 上顎, this makes sense of "palate, roof of the mouth" at last.
* ↑ This is the most precise and least concise. Korean 웃거흠 is more precise and less concise than Korean 거흠.
* ↑ (derived from Old English goma, Old High German goumo "palate") Revision as of 05:39, 9 October 2007 (edit) (undo) (thank) Visviva (talk | contribs)
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=구무
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/구무
* ↑ (obsolete) hole, hollow, cavity
* ↑ (obsolete) vulva
* ↑ 남광우 편저. 교학 고어사전. 교학사. 1977. p. 140.
* ↑ While obsoleting this sense, German Gaumen below mainly means "palate" nowadays. Perhaps it may have begun with "oral cavity" (possibly together with "palate") and ended with "palate" alone anyway at last.
* ↑ https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/クマザサ (kumazasa) なお、「熊笹」という表記もよく見受けられるが、ほとんどは「隈笹」の誤字である。しかし、健康食品の中には、熊の絵を描いたり、熊の出るような深山の笹などと称して「熊笹」としているものもある（その「熊笹」が「隈笹」と同一かは、健康食品のパッケージの表記では普通わからない）。
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=구르다
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/구르다
* ↑ cf. 굴리다 바퀴처럼 돌면서 옮겨 가게 하다. ‘구르다’의 사동사.
* ↑ cycle (n.) https://www.etymonline.com/word/cycle#etymonline_v_521
* ↑ Cf. Japanese reduplication ゴロゴロ (gorogoro) below
* ↑ Note the unclear transitive vs. intransitive forms in European languages.
* ↑ Cf. Korean counterparts: 그러구러 (geureo-gureo): "그럭저럭 시간이 흐르는 모양." 그럭저럭 (geureog-jeoreog): "그렇게 저렇게 하는 사이에 어느덧."
* ↑ Benedictine nuns of the Mariendonk Abbey, Grefath, Düsseldorf, Germany.
* ↑ What a coincidence it is that all wear glasses!
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=누나
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/누나
* ↑ Synonyms: zuster #Dutch
* ↑ Synonyms: sister #English
* ↑ https://www.websters1913.com/words/Nun Nun (?), n. [OE. nunne, AS. nunne, fr. L. nonna nun, nonnus monk; cf. Gr. ?, ?; of unknown origin. Cf. Nunnery.]
* ↑ Synonyms: Schwester #German
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=도
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/도
* ↑ Listen to the audio there!
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=돌멘
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/돌멘
* ↑ A dolmen, a prehistoric megalith having a capstone supported by two or more upright stones.
* ↑ 宀 #Japanese On: べん (ben), めん (men) Kun: やね (yane, "roof"), いえ (ie, "house").
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=두
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/두
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=두다
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/두다
* ↑ One theory about the etymology of 바둑 (badug) is that it was known as 바독 (badog), a diminutive of 바닥 (badag, "base"), hence the go board. Another is that either 바둑 or 바독 or the dialect 바돌 (badol) means 바둑돌 (badug-dol, "go stone"), which fits the opening phrase well.
* ↑ https://www.websters1913.com/words/Do Do (d?), v. t. or auxiliary. [...] 1. To place; to put. [Obs.] Tale of a Usurer (about 1330). 2. To cause; to make; -- with an infinitive. [Obs.]
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=둑
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/둑
* ↑ Compare Korean/Words/담 as well as wikt: dam.
* ↑ cf. dike #English, ditch #English
* ↑ American English.
* ↑ Levee # A levee (/ˈlɛvi/), dike, dyke, embankment, floodbank or stopbank is an elongated naturally occurring ridge or artificially constructed fill or wall that regulates water levels.
* ↑ You might wonder why this should come first.
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=둔
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/둔
* ↑ This definition is necessary but too insufficient.
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=진 군사들의 대오(隊伍)를 배치한 것. 또는 그 대오가 있는 곳.
* ↑ A thinly-topped or obtusely-topping heap or hill, say, dune. It may further compare with English down, town, dun, etc., and with the other Germanic relatives.
* ↑ A thickly-topped or acutely-topping heap or hill, say, dyke. It may further compare with English tight, thigh, dough, etc., and with their Dutch and German (or Yiddish) counterparts.
* ↑ "Soft, fluffy immature feathers which grow on young birds"
* ↑ dun #Danish, dun #Norwegian, dun #Swedish, dúnn #Icelandic.
* ↑ "garden"
* ↑ "fence"
* ↑ Yiddish dikh
* ↑ "After the boat capsized, I thought that I would never set foot on dry land again."
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=만들다
* ↑ by Pieter Bruegel the Elder (1563)
* ↑ According to the story, a united human race in the generations following the Great Flood, speaking a single language and migrating eastward, comes to the land of Shinar. There they agree to build a city and a tower tall enough to reach heaven. God, observing their city and tower, confounds their speech so that they can no longer understand each other, and scatters them around the world.
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/말
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/말씀
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=말씀
* ↑ 말 (mal, "language") + 뜻 (tteut, "meaning")
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=말뜻 말이 가지는 뜻이나 속내.
* ↑ ... Old English māl (“speech, contract, agreement, lawsuit, terms, bargaining”), from Old Norse mál (“agreement, speech, lawsuit”); related to Old English mæðel (“meeting, council”), mæl (“speech”) ...
* ↑ 말 (mal, "horse") + 개미 (gaemi, "ant")
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=말개미
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/말개미
* ↑ 그러면, 거꾸로, 왕개미는 일상적인 ‘말개미’를 고답적으로 또는 학술적으로 이르는 말인가?
* ↑ However, you may not like its Korean calque or loan translation 홍개미 that must be 말개미 in Korean context!
* ↑ 개밋과의 곤충. 몸의 길이는 7~13mm이며, 검은색 또는 갈색이고 금빛 털이 빽빽하게 나 있다. 일개미의 머리는 타원형인데 수컷의 머리는 둥글다. 한국, 일본 등지에 분포한다.
* ↑ 개밋과의 곤충. 일개미의 몸의 길이는 8mm 정도이며 붉은 갈색이고, 배는 어두운 갈색이다. 암컷은 머리와 가슴이 검은 갈색이고 꽁지는 붉은 갈색이다. 한국, 유럽, 일본, 중국 등지에 분포한다.
* ↑ This looks like a loan translation of Formica rufa.
* ↑ Maybe it began with "horse ant"(馬蟻) and ended with simply "ant"(螞蟻), as 馬("horse") corrupted into 螞("insect").
* ↑ "Horse ant (Zoöl.), a large ant (Formica rufa); -- called also horse emmet."
* ↑ 말 (mal, "horse") + 거머리 (geomeori, "leech")
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=말거머리
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/말거머리
* ↑ Etymology From Middle English horseleche, horse leche (“horse doctor; bloodsucker, leech”), equivalent to horse +‎ leech. So called because it commonly attacks the membrane that lines the inside of the mouth and nostrils of animals, such as horses, that drink at pools where it lives.
* ↑ Created by User:KYPark, 22 February 2013
* ↑ All the original {{t}} templates were made {{t-}} but for Finnish {{t+}} by Rukhabot, 2 April 2013.
* ↑ Added by User: Atitarev, 26 February 2013
* ↑ Added by User:Wyang, 22 February 2013
* ↑ Uniquely related to "water buffalo" rather than "horse"
* ↑ 말 (mal, "horse") + 벌 (beol, "bee")
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=말벌
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/말벌
* ↑ Or *horse-bee, as it is much bigger than common bees.
* ↑ Etymology: Probably a calque of Chinese 馬蜂 (mǎfēng).
* ↑ cf. Pferdeameise ("horse ant"), Pferdebremse ("horse fly"), Pferdeegel ("horse leech"), Pferdefliege ("horse fly").
* ↑ " Pferdebremse 여성 [동물] 등에의 일종, 말파리"
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=머구리
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/머구리
* ↑ This has overridden the titled 머구리 (meoguri) entirely nowadays. Such was not the case, but rather the opposite, in old days.
* ↑ '개구리'의 방언(전북)
* ↑ '개구리1'의 방언(평안, 함경)
* ↑ '잠수부(潛水夫)'의 방언(함북)
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=미리내
* ↑ 폐하 1 陛下 황제나 황후에 대한 경칭. 폐하 2 陛下 뜰의 층계 아래.
* ↑ Mandarin (Pinyin): Chīyóu
* ↑ "The ancient Germanic god of war, identified with Tyr of Norse mythology. Possibly the god after whom Tuesday was named."
* ↑ Týr is the relevant Wikipedia page.
* ↑ "(Norse mythology) The Norse god of war, identifiable with Tiu or Tiw."
* ↑ "Týr is the namesake of the Tiwaz rune (ᛏ), a letter of the runic alphabet corresponding to the Latin letter T. By way of the process of interpretatio germanica, the deity is the namesake of Tuesday ('Týr's day') in Germanic languages, including English. Interpretatio romana, in which Romans interpreted other gods as forms of their own, generally renders the god as Mars, the ancient Roman war god, and it is through that lens that most Latin references to the god occur. For example, the god may be referenced as Mars Thingsus (Latin 'Mars of the Thing') on 3rd century Latin inscription, reflecting a strong association with the Germanic thing, a legislative body among the ancient Germanic peoples."
* ↑ 태극
* ↑ 표준국어대사전 중국 철학에서, 우주 만물의 근원이 되는 실체. 하늘과 땅이 분리되기 이전의 세상 만물의 원시 상태.
* ↑ 표준국어대사전 대한민국의 국기. 흰 바탕의 한가운데 진홍빛 양(陽)과 푸른빛 음(陰)의 태극을 두고, 사방 대각선 상에 검은빛 사괘(四卦)를 둔다. 사괘의 위치는 건(乾)을 왼편 위, 곤(坤)을 오른편 아래, 감(坎)을 오른편 위, 이(離)를 왼편 아래로 한다. 조선 고종 19년(1882)에 일본에 수신사로 간 박영효가 처음 사용하고, 고종 20년(1883)에 정식으로 국기로 채택ㆍ공포되었다. 1949년에 문교부 고시로 현재의 형태로 확정되었다.
* ↑ That shows the shield pattern of the Western Roman infantry unit armigeri defensores seniores.
* ↑ It shows a taijitu in red and black, with the motto contraria sunt complementa ("opposites are complementary").
* ↑ Numericana - Escutcheons of Science
* ↑ That is, the yin-yang diagram, "with black representing yin and white representing yang. It is a symbol that reflects the inescapably intertwined duality of all things in nature, a common theme in Taoism. No quality is independent of its opposite, nor so pure that it does not contain its opposite in a diminished form: these concepts are depicted by the vague division between black and white, the flowing boundary between the two, and the smaller circles within the large regions."
* ↑ Of binary opposition, that is, Taiji of yin and yang.
* ↑ Join the edges labelled A so that the directions of the arrows match.
* ↑ Cf. Mandarin: 厅 (ting)
* ↑ Simplified: 厅 (ting) "hall, large room" Shinjitai: 庁 (chō) Definitions: hall; large room.
* ↑ 한자사전: 廳 관청(官廳), 관아(官衙) government office 마루, 대청(大廳: 방과 방 사이에 있는 큰 마루) large hall
* ↑ 한글사전: 청9 廳
* ↑ 금성판 활용옥편 p.289.
* ↑ 남광우 편저, 교학고어사전, 1997. p.1350. 텽 [명] 청(廳), 대청(大廳) 텽집 [명] 청(廳), 대청(大廳)
* ↑ The old Sino-Korean 텽 (廳, tyeong) alone is too ambiguous to do without such a compound as 텽집 (廳집, tyeongjip) prototypical of the modern 청사 (廳舍, cheongsa).
* ↑ (Taiwan, historical) government office; government building (under Japanese rule)
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=청당 ‘관청’의 북한어.
* ↑ hall (for holding meetings, concerts, receiving guests, etc.) department in a large government organization (such as a ministry); office government department at a provincial level
* ↑ 들을 청(聽) 들을 문(聞)
* ↑ w:National Assembly hearing
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hearing (uncountable) A proceeding at which discussions are heard. There will be a public hearing to discuss the new traffic light.
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=청문회 어떤 문제에 대하여 내용을 듣고 그에 대하여 물어보는 모임. 주로 국가 기관에서 입법 및 행정상의 결정을 내리기에 앞서 이해관계인이나 제삼자의 의견을 듣기 위하여 연다.
* ↑ cf. tinghus
* ↑ cf. Thingstead
* ↑ cf. tinghus
* ↑ cf. þinghús
* ↑ cf. tinghus
* ↑ cf. þingstede
* ↑ cf. þinghús
* ↑ cf. tingshus
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=품다
* ↑ 낮은 곳의 물을 높은 곳의 논이나 밭으로 퍼 올리는 데 쓰는 농기구. a long bucket to pump or draw water up to a higher field
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=해바라기
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/해바라기
* ↑ 햇귀
* ↑ 표준국어대사전 정의 해가 처음 솟을 때의 빛. =햇발(사방으로 뻗친 햇살).
* ↑ Naver: 햇물1 [haetmul] > [haemmul], which is easier to pronounce.
* ↑ =햇무리(햇빛이 대기 속의 수증기에 비치어 해의 둘레에 둥글게 나타나는 빛깔이 있는 테두리).