OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Nymphaeum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
NYMPHAE'UM or NYMPHE'UM (Νύμφαιον or Νυμφαῖον). Literally, a building dedicated to the Nymphs (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 43.); by which was understood a grand and lofty chamber, decorated with columns, statues, and pictures, and having a stream of spring water gushing from a fountain in its centre (Liban. Antioch. p. 372.), so as to form a cool and agreeable retreat for the resort of a luxurious population. (Philostr. iv. 8.) Many edifices of this description are enumerated by P. Victor (Urb. Rom.) in the city of Rome; and other writers generally speak of them in connection with the Thermae (Ammian. xv. 7. 3. Capitol. Gord. 32. Cod. Theodos. et Valent. 11. 42. 5. and 6.), to which establishments an apartment of the character described would form a most appropriate appendage.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Obbatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OBBA'TUS. Made in the shape of an obba, as described under that word; applied to the skull caps worn by Castor and Pollux (Apul. Met. x. p. 234.), which are often represented on works of art ending in a sharp point at the top, like the example annexed (Obbatus/1.1), from a painting of Pompeii. Charon wears a cap of still closer resemblance in shape to the drinking-cup delineated in the preceding wood-cut on a fictile vase in Stackelberg's Gräb. d. Hell. Pl. 47.; so that there is no necessity for altering the reading in the passage of Apuleius, as some have done.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Obba

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OBBA (ἄμβιξ). A particular kind of drinking-cup (Pers. v. 148. Varro, ap. Non. s. v. p. 545.), made of earthenware, and sometimes of wood, or of the Spanish broom. (Non. l. c.) The Latin name is translated by the ἄμβιξ in the glossary of Philoxenus; and that word is explained by Athenaeus (xi. 8.) to be a drinking vessel with a sharp point. Dioscorides (v. 110.) applies it to the lid of a vessel used for making quicksilver, in a passage translated by Pliny (H. N. xxxiii. 41.), who employs the word calix for the same object. The figure annexed (Obba/1.1), from an original of baked clay, corresponds so completely with all these particulars, the pointed form of Athenaeus, the calix of Pliny, and, when inverted, the lid of Dioscorides, as to remove all doubt respecting the genuine and characteristic form of the obba.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Obeliscus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OBELIS'CUS (ὀβελίσκος). Literally, a small spit; whence applied to other things which possess a sharp or pointed extremity, like a spit; and especially to the tall, slender, rectangular columns, upon a narrow base, and terminating in a point at the top, which were originally invented by the Egyptians, and retain their ancient name of obelisk with us. (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 14. Ammian. xvii. 4. 6.) The illustration (Obeliscus/1.1) represents an original Egyptian obelisk, covered with hieroglyphics, which was originally brought to Rome for the purpose of decorating the mausoleum of Augustus, in the Campus Martius.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Obex

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OBEX. A fastening to a door. It does not appear that the word had any special meaning, being applied in a manner which admits of various interpretations; a bolt, for instance, bar, lock, or latch; and, consequently, it may be considered as a general term applicable to any of the various contrivances adopted by the ancients as door fastenings. Ov. Met. xiv. 780. Tac. Hist. iii. 30. Paulus ex Fest. s. Obices.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Obolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OB'OLUS (ὀβολός). A small piece of Greek money, originally of silver coinage, but in later times of bronze; and of which there were two standards — the Attic, worth about 1½d. of our money, and the Aeginetan, worth about 2¼d. Vitruv. iii. 1. 7.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Obseratus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OBSERA'TUS. Fastened with a SERA, which see. Terent. Eun. iv. 6. 25. Liv. v. 41. Mart. vii. 20, 21.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Obstragulum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OBSTRAG'ULUM. The flat leather strap or thong with which a shoe of the kind called crepida was bound round the foot, passing between the great and first toe, and over the instep, as shown by the annexed example (Obstragulum/1.1), from a Greek marble. Extravagant persons had these sometimes studded with pearls. Plin. H. N. ix. 56.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Obstrigillum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OBSTRIGIL'LUM. A particular kind of shoe, which had the lappets for the strings sewed on to the sole at each side, as shown by the annexed example (Obstrigillum/1.1), from a Pompeian painting. Isidor. Orig. xix. 34. 8.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Obturaculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OBTURA'CULUM and OBTURAMEN'TUM. A stopper, bung, or cork, for closing the mouth of a bottle, jar, or anything of a like nature, sometimes made of cork, and sometimes of glass. (Marcell. Empir. 35. Plin. H. N. xvi. 13.) The example (Obturaculum/1.1) represents a glass bottle and stopper, from a Pompeian painting.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Occatio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OCCA'TIO (βωλοκοπία). The process of breaking up the clods of earth left by the plough (Cic. Sen. 15.), which we call harrowing. It was effected by drawing a hurdle (crates) over the land, or a wooden frame set with teeth (dentata), similar to our harrow, often weighted by the driver standing upon it; and in very stiff soils the clods were broken and levelled by hand, with a heavy pronged instrument (rastrum), possessing the properties of a rake and hoe. (Plin. H. N. xviii. 49. § 3. Virg. Georg. i. 94, 95.) But the most approved practice amongst the old Romans was to subdue the land by repeated cross ploughings instead of harrowing. (Columell. ii. 4. 2. Plin. l. c. § 2.) The illustration (Occatio/1.1) represents the process as performed in Egypt, from a tomb at Thebes, in which one man sows the seed, while the occator covers it with his harrow.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Occator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OCCA'TOR (βωλοκόπος). One who harrows, as explained by the preceding article and illustration. Columell. ii. 13. 1. Plaut. Capt. iii. 5. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ocellata

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OCELLA'TA. Marbles; for boys to play with. Suet. Aug. 83. Varro, ap. Non. s. Margaritum, p. 213.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ocreatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OCREA'TUS. Wearing greaves. The Greeks and Etruscans wore a pair, one on each leg, as frequently represented on their fictile vases, and exhibited by the annexed figure (Ocreatus/1.1), which forms an ornament to the front of the ridge piece in a bronze helmet found at Pompeii; the Samnites and the gladiators equipped like them, wore only one, and that upon the left leg (Liv. ix. 40. Juv. vi. 256.); and the heavy infantry of the Romans also wore a single greave, but on their right leg (Veg. Mil. i. 20.); for it was their system to come at once to close quarters, and decide the battle at the sword's point, the right leg being consequently in advance and unprotected — a position exactly the reverse of the one adopted by those who use a spear, either for thrusting or hurling.
2. When applied to huntsmen, as by Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 234. poetically used for PERONATUS; which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ocrea

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OC'REA (κνημίς). A greave or leggin; that is, a piece of defensive armour which covered the shin bone from the ankle to a little above the knee (Varro, L. L. v. 116.), being fastened by straps and buckles at the back of the leg, which part was left uncovered. It was made of various metals, tin or bronze, modelled to the form and size of the person's leg by whom it was worn, and often highly ornamented by artistic designs embossed or chased upon it. The illustration (Ocrea/1.1) exhibits a pair of original bronze greaves, from Pompeii, represented in three-quarter front and in profile; the buckles by which they were fastened on the legs are seen at the sides, and a number of small holes all round the edges, by which the linings were fastened into them. The originals are entirely covered with ornamental chasing over the surfaces left plain in our engraving, on account of the small scale on which the drawing is made.
2. A hunter's leggin or boot; poetically for PERO; which see. Virg. Moret. 121.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Octastylos

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OCTASTY'LOS (ὀκτάστυλος). Octastyle; that is, which has a row of eight columns, in front of the pronaos. Vitruv. iii. 3. 7.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Octophoron

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OCTOPH'ORON or OCTA'PHORON. A palanquin (lectica) carried by eight slaves (Suet. Cal. 43. Cic. Q. Fr. ii. 10. Mart. vi. 84.), in the manner shown by the illustrations s. ASSER, 1. and PHALANGARII.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Oculariarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OCULARIA'RIUS. One who followed the trade of making false eyes, of glass, silver, or precious stones, which were frequently inserted in marble statues. Inscript. ap. Grut. 645. 1. ap. Fabretti, p. 641. n. 357.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ocularius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OCULA'RIUS. An oculist (Scrib. Comp. 37.); often connected with medicus and chirurgus. Celsus, vi. 6. 8. Inscript. ap. Grut. 400. 7.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Odeum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ODE'UM (ᾠδεῖον). The Odeum; a small theatre with a convex roof, built by Pericles at Athens for musical performances (ᾠδαί. Plutarch, Pericl. 13. Vitruv. v. 9, 10.). Hence the name was adopted for any small theatre covered with a roof (theatrum tectum), and appropriated as a concert room. Suet. Dom. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Oecus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OE'CUS or -OS (οἶκος). Literally, the Greek name for a house Latinized; and for a particular apartment in a house; originally of Greek design, but subsequently adopted by the Roman architects, who introduced several novelties into its constructive details. In general style of arrangement, it bore a close resemblance to the atrium, with the exception of being a close apartment, covered entirely by a roof, without any opening (compluvium) in the centre; and was principally, though not exclusively, used as a banquetting hall, but surpassing in height and area, as well as splendour, the ordinary dining-room (triclinium). (Vitruv. vi. 7. 2. and 4. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 60.) These apartments were built in four different styles, each designated by an epithet descriptive of the construction employed, or naming the country from which the particular plan was borrowed, or where it was most in use: viz.
1. Oecus tetrastylos. The four-columned oecus resembled an atrium of the same name (wood-cut s. ATRIUM 2.), excepting that it had no impluvium, and the roof covered the square within the four columns, as well as the aisles all round them. Vitruv. vi. 3. 8.
2. Oecus Corinthius. The Corinthian oecus resembled an atrium of the same name (see wood-cut s. ATRIUM, 3.), excepting that it had a vaulted roof, supported upon columns at a certain distance from the side-walls, but without any opening in the centre or impluvium below. Vitruv. vi. 3. 9.
3. Oecus Aegyptius. The Egyptian oecus was more splendid than the last described, having its roof over the central portion of the saloon supported upon a double row of columns, like a basilica (see wood-cut p. 81.), and thus a story higher than the sides, which projected like wings all round, and were covered with a flat roof and pavement, forming a promenade round the central and higher portion of the building. Vitruv. vi. 3. 9.
4. Oecus Cyzicenus. The Cyzicene oecus, which was a novelty in Italy at the time of Vitruvius, though of frequent occurrence in Greece, was principally intended for summer use; its characteristic peculiarity consisted in having glass doors or windows reaching down to the ground, in order that the persons reclining at table might enjoy a view of the surrounding country on all sides. Vitruv. vi. 3. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Oenophorum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OENOPH'ORUM (οἰνοφόρον). A basket or portable case for transporting small quantities of wine from place to place; especially for the supply of persons on a journey who preferred carrying their own wine with them to taking the chance of buying what they could upon the road. Hor. Sat. i. 6. 108. Pers. v. 140.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Oenophorus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OENOPH'ORUS (οἰνοφόρος). A slave who carried the wine basket (oenophorum) last described. Such a character was represented by one of the statues of Praxiteles, which went by the name. Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 19. § 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Oenopolium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OENOPO'LIUM (οἰνοπώλιον). A wine shop; like the modern beer shop and public house; from which the inhabitants of the vicinity supplied themselves daily with the requisite quantity of wine consumed at each meal. Plaut. As. i. 3. 48.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Offendix

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OFFEN'DIX. Plural offendices; the strings by which the apex, or cap worn by certain orders of the priesthood, as the flamines and Salii for instance, was fastened under the chin, as shown by the annexed example (Offendix/1.1), from a Roman bas-relief. Festus, s. v.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Officina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OFFICI'NA (ἐργαστήριον). A workshop, manufactory, or place in which any handicraft trade is carried on (Cic. Off. i. 42.); as contradistinguished from taberna, a shop where retail goods are sold, and from apotheca, a magazine or store; the particular kind being indicated by the name of the workmen employed in it; as, officina fullonum (Plin. H. N. xxxv. 40. § 39.), of fullers and scourers; tingentium (id. ix. 62.), of dyers; aerariorum (Id. xvi. 8.), of smiths; cetariorum (Columell. viii. 17. 12.), of dry salters; and so on.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Olitorius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OLITO'RIUS, sc. hortus, a kitchen garden (Ulp. Dig. 50. 16. 198.; sc. forum, a vegetable market. Liv. xxi. 62.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Olitor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OL'ITOR. A kitchen gardener, as contradistinguished from topiarius, who attended to the shrubs and evergreens. Columell. x. 229. Id. xi. 1. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ollarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OLLA'RIUM. A niche in a sepulchral vault, in which a cinerary olla was deposited (Inscript. ap. Fabretti, p. 13. No. 60.), mostly in pairs, like pigeons in a nest, whence also termed columbarium. The illustration (Ollarium/1.1) represents two niches, each with a pair of jars in it, from a sepulchre near Rome.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Olla

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
OLLA. A large jar or pot of very common use and manufacture, being formed of baked earth (Columell. viii. 8. 7. Id. xii. 43. 12.), though sometimes metal was employed for the same object. (Avian. Fab. xi. Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 20.) It had a flat bottom, swelling sides, very wide mouth, and lid to cover it; and was employed for many purposes, especially for cooking, like the French, pot-à-feu, and for preserving fruits; whence grapes kept in jars are called ollares uvae. (Columell. l. c. Mart. vii. 20.) The illustration (Olla/1.1), from a painting at Pompeii, shows all these particulars.
2. Olla ossuaria, or cineraria. An earthenware jar of the same description, in which the bones and ashes of the dead were enclosed after burning, and deposited in the sepulchral chamber. (Inscript. ap. Murat. 917. 1. ap. Grut. 626. 6.) Ollae of this kind were mostly employed for persons of the humbler classes, many of them being deposited in one vault (wood-cut s. SEPULCRUM COMMUNE); sometimes standing under niches round the walls of the chamber, but more commonly buried up to the neck in them, as shown by the following wood-cut. The example annexed (Olla/2.1) represents an original found in one of the sepulchres excavated in the Villa Corsini at Rome; the mouth is covered with a tile or lid (operculum), on which the name of the person whose ashes were contained inside is inscribed; which explains an inscription in Muratori (1756. 7.), Ollae quae sunt operculis et titulis marmoreis.
* Olla/1.1
* Olla/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Onager

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ON'AGER. A powerful engine employed in sieges for discharging missiles and stones of great weight. It is described at length by Ammianus (xxiii. 4.); but the details of machinery are always obscure, when the actual form of the object itself is unknown.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Oneraria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ONERA'RIA. (Cic. Att. x. 12.) See NAVIS, 1.