OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Allocutio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ALLOCU'TIO. An address or harangue; especially such as the Roman generals were in the custom of delivering to their soldiery. Allocutions of this kind are frequently represented on medals, triumphal arches, and columns, at which the commanders appear upon a raised platform (suggestum), attended by their chief officers, with the standards and body of the troops arranged in front, as here shown from a medal of Antoninus (Allocutio/1.1), which also bears the inscription ADLOCUTIO AUGUST. S. C.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Altare

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ALTA'RE. According to the grammarians, a high altar (quasi alta ara), which was dedicated only to the gods above (Serv. ad Virg. Ecl. v. 66. Festus, s. v.), whilst the Ara was both lower, and employed in sacrificing to the gods below as well as those above. Such an interpretation may possibly acquire authority from the engraved gem (Altare/1.1) here figured (Agostini, Gemme, 142.), in which two altars, both with incense burning on them, but one much more elevated than the other, are seen; a similar example occurs in the miniatures of the Vatican Virgil, in which four square altars are depicted, two tall and two lower ones, and which seem to illustrate such a passage as inter aras et altaria (Plin. Paneg. i. 5. Compare Plin. H. N. xv. 40.), and other places in which the two words are distinguished. The interpretation that altare means that which is placed on the altar (ara) is scarcely so satisfactory; for in the passage of Quintilian (Declam. xii. 26.) aris altaria imponere, the reading is doubtful; and that of Justin (xxiv. 2.), sumptis in manus altaribus, will bear a very different interpretation.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Altarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ALTA'RIUM, i. q. ALTARE. Sulp. Sev. i. 19.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Alticinctus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ALTICINCTUS (ὑψίζωνος). Having the tunic drawn high up through the girdle, and above the knees in order to allow free action to the limbs, as was usual with rustics, labourers, or persons engaged in hard work or active exercise. (Phaedr. ii. 5. 11.) The example (Alticinctus/1.1) is copied from the Vatican Virgil.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Aluta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ALU'TA. Leather dressed with alum (alumen) in order to render it soft and pliable; whence the word is often used by the poets for a boot, shoe, purse, &c., made of such leather. Mart. xii. 26. Juv. Sat. xiv. 282.
2. A patch, or beauty spot for the face. Ovid. Art. Am. iii. 202.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Alveare

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ALVEA'RE (σμῆνος, σίμβλος). A beehive, in which the bees make their combs and deposit their honey. (Columell. ix. 11. 1.) Amongst the ancients these were sometimes made of metal, of which an example (Alveare/1.1) is introduced (s. FORI) from an original found at Pompeii; also of earthenware, but they were not approved, as being most affected by the vicissitudes of heat and cold. The best were made from strips of cork, or of the fennel-plant (ferula) sewed together; and the next best of basket-work (Columell. ix. 6. 1. Virg. Georg. iv. 33.), as in the example, which is taken from a Roman bas-relief, in which it is introduced as an emblem accompanying the figure of Hope. Montfauc. Antiq. Expl. i. 204.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Alvearium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ALVEA'RIUM (σμηνών). A row of beehives, or place where beehives stand. Varro. R. R. iii. 16. 12.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Alveolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ALVE'OLUS. A diminutive of ALVEUS, generally; but in a special sense of its own, a weaver's shuttle, which was used for conveying the threads of the woof (subtemen) through the warp (stamen). (Hieron. Ep. 130. ad Demetr. n. 15. ad torquenda subtemina in alveolis fusa volvantur.) From this passage, and the name by which the instrument was called, we may safely infer that it was a flat piece of wood rounded or pointed off at each end, and scooped into the shape of a boat, with a cavity in the centre, into which the pin of the bobbin was inserted; precisely like the figure here introduced (Alveolus/1.1) which represents a common kind of shuttle used in some parts of this and other countries, but which corresponds so exactly with the words above quoted, that it may be justly looked upon as an ancient model unchanged by time. There is a small hole in its side, through which the thread is drawn, and as the shuttle is thrown, the bobbin and pin revolve (fusa volvantur) and deliver out the thread.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Alvus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ALVUS, i. q. ALVEARE. Varro, Columell. Plin.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amanuensis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMANUENSIS (ὑπογραφεύς). A slave or a freedman employed as a secretary or amanuensis, to write letters which his principal dictated aloud. Suet. Tit. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amazon

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMA'ZON ('Aμαζών). An Amazon, a female warrior of Scythian race, whose armour consisted of a helmet, a shield of peculiar form called pelta, a bow and arrows, a sword, and double axe (bipennis), all of which accessories are shown in the illustration (Amazon/1.1) which is copied from a sarcophagus in the Museum of the Capitol at Rome. The common derivation of the name from μαζός, because they were said to have destroyed the right breast in order that it might not interfere with the use of their weapons, is a mere fiction invented by the grammarians; for they are always represented in works of ancient art as perfect as other women. See the next cut.
Amazons are also frequently represented on horse-back, in which case they are armed with a spear, like the ordinary cavalry of other nations; as in the example (Amazon/1.2) from a fictile vase.
* Amazon/1.1
* Amazon/1.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ambivium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMBIV'IUM (ἄμφοδος). Any road or street that leads round a place. Varro. ap. Non. s. Equisones, p. 450. Mercer. Aristoph. Fragm. 304.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ambrices

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AM'BRICES. The cross laths (regulae) inserted between the rafters and tiles of a roof. (Festus. s. v.).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ambubaiae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMBUBAI'AE. Female musicians and ballad singers of Syrian extraction, who frequented the Circus and places of public resort, and supported themselves by their music and prostitution. Suet. Nero, 27. Hor. Sat. i. 2. 1. Compare Juv. iii. 62, 65.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amento

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMEN'TO. To hurl a spear or javelin by the assistance of a thong (amentum) attached to it, which from the passages cited below appears to have been executed by inserting the fingers between the ends of the thong, and thus giving the missile a rapid rotatory motion before it was discharged; but there is no known work of antiquity in which this action is represented. Lucan. vi. 221. Compare Ovid. Met. xii. 321. Cic. de Orat. i. 57.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amentum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMEN'TUM (τὸ ἅμμα τῶν ἀκοντίων, Beier. ad Cic. Amic. xxvii. 7.). A thong fastened to the shaft of a spear or javelin at the centre of gravity, in order to give it a greater impetus when thrown. (Liv. xxxvii. 41. Ovid. Met. xii. 221. Sil. Ital. iv. 14.) This illustration (Amentum/1.1) is taken from one of Sir W. Hamilton's fictile vases; but in the celebrated mosaic of Pompeii, believed to represent the battle of Issus, a broken spear provided with a similar appendage is seen lying on the ground.
2. The thong or strap by which the soleae, crepidae, and similar kinds of shoes were fastened on the foot (Festus, s. v.), as in the example (Amentum/2.1) from a marble statue at Rome, where the amentum is shown by the broad flat thong which passes over the instep, and through the loops (ansae) affixed to the sides of the sole. Pliny mentions a sitting statue of Cornelia, the mother of the Gracchi, which was remarkable for having a mere sole under the foot without any thong to fasten it (soleis sine amento insignis, H. N. xxxiv. 14.); and similar omissions are not unfrequently observable in the Pompeian paintings, only to be accounted for by the caprice or inadvertance of the artists.
* Amentum/1.1
* Amentum/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amictus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMIC'TUS. A general term expressive of all the various articles of outer clothing, which were in fact wrapped round the person (from amicire), as distinguished from those of the inner apparel, which were drawn on (from induere); including therefore the Toga, Pallium, Sagum, Abolla, Paludamentum, &c. (Virg. Aen. v. 421. Quint. xi. 3. 137. Compare INDUTUS. The two figures here represented (Amictus/1.1), both from Etruscan works, will explain distinctly what is meant by the term. The one standing is just beginning to put on his amictus, a loose piece of cloth, one side of which is already passed from behind over the left arm and shoulder, whilst he is in the act of slipping his right elbow under the other side, in order to pull it up to the neck, so that both the ends will depend in front of the person in the manner represented by the left-hand figure, in the illustration to ANABOLIUM. He will then take up the right side, draw it across the chest, and turn the end over his left shoulder, so as completely to envelope the upper part of the body in the manner seen on the sitting figure, who is then amictus pallio. Cic. de Orat. iii. 32.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amiculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMIC'ULUM. Diminutive of AMICTUS, and including all the smaller and finer kinds of outside wraps, both of male and female attire, which were disposed upon the person in the manner explained under the preceding word, such for instance as the Chlamys, Sagulum, and also the bridal Flammeum. Festus. s. v. Corolla.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amites

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AM'ITES. A pair of shafts, and particularly applied to the two long poles, like those of a sedan-chair, which projected from the front and back of a BASTERNA, so as to form a double pair of shafts for the beasts which bore it. (Pallad. vii. 2. 3.) The illustration (Amites/1.1) represents a conveyance common in many parts of Europe during the middle ages, which, though not from any known Greek or Roman model, is introduced because it represents to the eye a precisely similar contrivance to what is mentioned by Palladius. Compare BASTERNA.
2. Strong poles of timber inserted horizontally between two upright posts, for the purpose of making a fence to confine cattle within their enclosures. Columell. ix. 1. 3.
3. The two parallel rods upon which each side of a clap-net is stretched when laid flat upon the ground, and by which they are made to rise up and fall over the bird which has alighted between them; from which it may also be applied to the net itself. Pallad. viii. 12. Hor. Epod. 2. 33.
That the ancients were acquainted with clap-nets there is no doubt; for they are represented in the Egyptian tombs, and constructed precisely upon the same principles as those now used by our bird-catchers. (Wilkinson's Ancient Egyptians), vol. iii. p. 37.) They are distinctly alluded to by Plautus (As. i. 3. 61. — 72.); and by Manilius (Astr. v. 371 — 373.), where he describes the various ways of taking birds; Aut nido captare suo, ramove sedentem, Pascentemve super surgentia ducere lina: in which passage the last words graphically depict the rising up of the clap-nets over the bird that is feeding on the seeds which the fowler has thrown down on the ground (area) between them, as described by Plautus. Lastly, Palladius (l. c.) says that an owl was employed together with the amites, as a call bird, to which use it is still put by the modern Italians. All these circumstances seem sufficient to authorise the interpretation given; though it should not be concealed that Festus (s. v.) and the scholiast on Horace (l. c.) make the word synonymous with ancones, or varae, and explain it by the gloss furculae aucupatoriae, which is received by Doering, Orelli, and the commentators generally. But it is not probable that the Romans would have invented three different words to express one and the same thing; nor is it easy to conceive how birds could be caught by nets erected upon poles, which they could so easily fly over; and the general analogy of the word, by a comparison with its other meanings, should not be neglected, both of which apply to poles placed in a horizontal and parallel position, as distinct from those which are set upright, or stuck in the ground.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amphimallum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMPHIMAL'LUM (ἀμφίμαλλον). A very thick and coarse description of woollen cloth, having a long nap on both sides of the fabric, from which the name was taken; it was used for carpetting, outside coverings in very cold weather, and seems to have been, originally at least, of foreign manufacture, for it was not known at Rome until the time of the elder Pliny (Plin. H. N. viii. 73.), and was probably introduced there from Germany, for it is represented in one of the trophies erected by the soldiers of Antoninus over the Germans on the column of that emperror; from which the illustration (Amphimallum/1.1) is taken. It will be observed that the long nap is seen on the inside, where the edges turn over, the same as on the outside.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amphiprostylos

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMPHIPROS'TYLOS (ἀμφιπρόστυλος). Applied to temples, or to any other edifices, which have an open porch or portico projecting beyond the cella or main body of the building at both extremities, the front and rear, as shown on the accompanying ground-plan (Amphiprostylos/1.1). Vitruv. iii. 2. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amphitapus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMPHIT'APUS (ἀμφίταπος). Designates a particular kind of cloth, which, like the amphimallum, had a nap on both sides, but was of a finer texture (Athen. v. 26.), and probably of Oriental manufacture. There was certainly a distinction between the two; for amphimalla were not known at Rome till the time of Pliny, whereas amphitapa are mentioned by Lucilius and Varro ap. Non. s. v. p. 540. Mercer.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amphora

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AM'PHORA (ἀμφορεύς). A large earthenware vessel, with a handle on each side of its neck, and terminating in a point at bottom, so that it would stand upright if planted in the ground, or remain stationary if merely leaned against a wall; chiefly used for containing wine in store, for which the smallness of its diameter, as compared with the height, shows it was invented, in order to contain a large quantity, and only occupy a small space. The illustration (Amphora/1.1) represents two amphorae of the most usual form, the one stuck in the ground, and the other leaning against a wall, as they were found at Pompeii, and also shows the manner in which they were transported from place to place, from a terra-cotta bas-relief, which formed the sign of a wine shop in the same town.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ampullarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMPULLA'RIUS. One who followed the trade of covering glass bottles with leather. Plaut. Rud. iii. 4. 51.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ampulla

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMPUL'LA. A bottle; like our own word, a general term for any form or material, but more accurately for a vessel made of glass, with a narrow neck and swelling body, like a bladder; whence the word is used figuratively to signify turgid or inflated language. (Hor. A. P. 97.) The illustration (Ampulla/1.1) affords an example of various originals excavated at Rome.
2. Ampulla olearia. An oil flask, such as was used for carrying oil to the baths for pouring over the strigil to prevent it from scraping too sharply, and for other general purposes. It is described by Apuleius (Flor. ii. 9. 2.), exactly as represented in the cut, from an original (Ampulla/2.1) formerly in the possession of Lorenzo Pignori (De Serv. p. 84.), as shaped like a lentil, with a narrow neck and flattish sides, lenticulari forma, tereti ambitu, pressula rotunditate.
3. Ampulla rubida. A flask covered with leather, like our hunting flasks, and used by persons on a journey to hold wine, vinegar, or oil (Plaut. Stich. ii. 1. 77. Festus s. v. Rubida).
* Ampulla/1.1
* Ampulla/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amussis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMUS'SIS. An instrument employed by masons and builders for testing the evenness, accuracy, and regularity of their work, as the rule, the square, and the plummet is by carpenters. The exact meaning is somewhat doubtful; for, from the different passages where the word occurs, it appears to have been equally applied to a level for testing the uniform evenness in the surface of a wall or course of masonry (Festus. s. v. Amussim and Examussim. Varro. ap. Non. s. v. Examussim, p. 5. Mercer); the square for proving a right angle (Auson. Edyll. xvi. 10.); and the line and plummet for preserving an exact perpendicular (Sisenna ap. Charis. ii. p. 178.); but in each case the same general use and notion is preserved, that in whatever way applied, it is always for the purpose of proving that the work is accurately and regularly done: whence the expression adamussim or examussim is equivalent to accurately, i. e. according to line and rule. Macrob. Sat. i. 4. Aul. Gell. i. 4. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Amussitatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
AMUSSITA'TUS. Made with accuracy and precision, as tested by the instrument amussis; hence, figuratively, in Plautus (Mil. iii. 1. 37.), accurate, precise.