# Latin I/Basics Lesson 3

Salvēte, omnēs! This is the third in a basic Latin series for Wikiversity. If you would like to catch up, you can find a directory of lessons, a classified vocabulary list, and Memrise courses at the links on the right.
New grammar this lesson: the accusative case. In Latin, nouns functioning as a direct object are put in the accusative case. Nouns are listed in vocabulary lists with nominative and genitive singular (aqua, aquae (f.) or aqua, -ae = water). To use water as a direct object, the accusative ending will need to be swapped in for the nominative or subject case. We do not notice this with neuter nouns like mālum, -ī = apple, because they are the same in the nominative and accusative. But nouns classified as masculine or feminine will have different endings if they are used as a direct object. This lesson also we will be working on verb conjugations in singular only. And for fun, we introduce some common Latin names to give our sentences some personality.

## New vocabulary

| Latin | English | Notes |
| Gāius, -ī (m.) | Gaius | common Roman praenomen |
| Mārcus, -ī (m.) | Marcus | |
| Lūcia, -ae (f.) | Lucia | feminine form of Lucius; not a lot of variety in Roman names, but it's good practice with masculine and feminine endings) |
| Paula, -ae (f.) | Paula | |
| aqua, -ae (f.) | water. | You will need also to learn the accusative singular = aquam for this lesson. |
| pānis, -is (m.) | bread | This is a 3rd declension noun; note that the genitive singular ending is a marker for which declension a noun belongs to, and each declension has its own set of endings and gender rules which will be learned in a later lesson. You will need to learn the accusative singular = panem for this lesson. |
| saccharum, -ī (n.) | sugar | A Late Latin construction; of course the Romans would have used mel, mellis (n.) = honey. Accusative singular is also saccharum or mel since both are neuter nouns. |

### Review this vocabulary

| Latin | English |
| sum | I am |
| es | you are |
| est | he / she / it is |
| ego | I |
| tū | you |
| is | he |
| ea | she |

## Sentences

| Latin | English |
| bibō | I drink |
| bibis | you (s.) drink |
| bibit | he, she, it drinks |
| edō | I eat |
| edis | you eat |
| edit | he, she, it eats |
| Pānis est. | It is bread. |
| Aqua est. | It is water. |
| (Ego) edō. | I eat. |
| Gāius est puer. | Gaius is a boy. |
| Gāius aquam bibit. | Gaius drinks water. |
| Vir aquam bibit. | The man drinks water. |
| Lūcia est fēmina. | Lucia is a woman. |
| (Tū) edis. | You eat. |
| (Ego) saccharum edō. | I eat sugar. |
| (Ego) bibō. | I drink. |
| (Tū) pānem edis. | You eat bread. |
| (Tū) bibis. | You drink. |
| Aquam bibis. | You drink water. |
| Mārcus bibit. | Marcus drinks. |
| (Is) bibit. | He drinks. |
| (Ea) bibit. | She drinks. |
| Tū es Paula. | You are Paula. |
| Gāius sum. | I am Gaius. |
| Gāius pānem edit. | Gaius eats bread. |
| Ego mālum edō. | I eat an apple. |
| (Tū) saccharum edis. | You eat sugar. |

## Practice

Practice and learn the words and phrases in this lesson :
| Step one | First learn the words using this lesson: Basics Lesson one |
| Step two | Next try learning and writing the sentences using this: Sentences lesson one |
| AI version | You can try learning and writing the sentences using our AI Prompt |
| Note that the Memrise stage covers the content for the first three lessons ||
You now have enough basic vocabulary to go on creating quite simple sentences for a while. We will add plurals soon, maybe next lesson. Habeātis bonam fortūnam!