OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cothurnus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
COTHURNUS (κόθορνος). A high boot of Greek original, usually worn by huntsmen, and persons addicted to the sports of the field. It was a leather boot, enveloping the entire foot (whence cothurno calceatus, Plin. H. N. vii. 19.) and leg as far as the calf (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. i. 337. Herod. vi. 125.), was laced up the front, and turned over with a fall down at the top, besides possessing the characteristic peculiarity of not being made right and left, as the foot coverings of the ancients usually were, but with a straight sole (solo perpetuo, Sidon. Apoll. Carm. ii. 400.), so that each boot could be worn indifferently on either foot (utroque aptus pedi, Serv. ad Virg. Bucol. vii. 32.); hence the frequent application of the word in the singular, whilst the calcei and other coverings made in pairs mostly occur in the plural. All these peculiarities are distinctly apparent in the illustration (Cothurnus/1.1), representing on a larger scale the boots worn by the fowler exhibited at p. 67. s. AUCEPS.
2. A boot of the same description, but more elaborately ornamented, and commonly translated buskin, is occasionally assigned by the Greek artists to some of their divinities, especially to Diana, Bacchus, and Mercury; and by the Romans, in like manner, to the goddess Roma, and to their emperors, as a sign of divinity. Thus they were assumed by M. Antony, when he affected the character and attributes of Bacchus (Vell. Pat. ii. 82.); but they were not worn by the Roman as a part of his ordinary costume; for Cicero (Phil. iii. 6.) reproaches the insolence of one Tuditanus who appeared in public cum palla et cothurnis. The illustration (Cothurnus/2.1) affords a specimen of a cothurnus of this nature, from a marble figure of the goddess Roma.
3. The Roman poets also make use of the word cothurnus, as a translation of the Greek ἐνδρομίς (see ENDROMIS, 3.). In this manner it is applied by Virgil (Aen. i. 341.), Nemesian (Cyneg. 90.), and Sidonius Apollinaris (Carm. ii. 400.), which last passage minutely describes the ἐνδρομίς, but not the cothurnus.
4. A boot worn by tragic actors on the stage (Virg. Ecl. viii. 10. Servius ad l.), having a cork sole several inches thick, for the purpose of increasing their stature (compare Juv. Sat. vi. 633.), and giving them a more imposing appearance; whence the word also came to signify a grand and dignified style. It was in order to conceal the unsightly appearance of such a chaussure, that the tragic actors always wore long robes reaching to the ground, as seen in the illustration (Cothurnus/4.1) annexed, from a marble bas-relief of the Villa Albani, representing a company of stage-players, though here the artist has left the cothurni uncovered, in order to identify the character of the actor.
* Cothurnus/1.1
* Cothurnus/2.1
* Cothurnus/4.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Coticula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
COTIC'ULA. Diminutive of Cos; a touch-stone for assaying gold and silver. Plin. H. N. xxxiii. 43.
2. A small mortar, made of the same hard kind of stone as that used for hones and grindstones. Plin. H. N. xxxi. 45. Id. xxxvii. 54. Isidor. Orig. iv. 11.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cottabus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
COTT'ABUS (κότταβος). A game of Sicilian origin, and a very favourite after-dinner amusement amongst the young men of Athens. It was played in various ways, more or less complicated; but the simple and ordinary manner consisted in casting the heel-tap of a wine cup into a large metal vessel, or upon the floor, whilst the player affected to discover the sincerity of his mistress's affections by the particular sound of the splash produced by the wine in its fall; hence the word is applied to sounds of similar kind, but produced by other means, as the lash of a whip. Plaut. Trinc. iv. 3. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cotula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
COT'ULA or COT'YLA (κοτύλη). A small measure of capacity, containing the half of a sextarius. (Mart. Ep. viii. 71.) It was especially employed by medical practitioners, and had a graduated scale marked upon the sides, like those used by our apothecaries, dividing it into twelve equal parts, each of which was termed an uncia, 1 oz.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Covinarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
COVINA'RIUS. One who fights from a war-car of the kind called covinus. Tac. Agr. 35. and 36.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Covinus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
COVI'NUS. A war-car employed by the Belgae and ancient Britons, the precise character of which is not ascertained, beyond the fact that it was armed with scythes, and probably had a covering over head. Mela, iii. 6. Lucan. i. 426. Sil. Ital. xvii. 417.
2. A travelling carriage adopted by the later Romans, after the model of the Belgian car; and which, from a passage of Martial (Ep. xii. 24.), it is inferred, was driven by the owner, who sat inside, and not by a coachman. In the same passage, it is also distinguished from the carruca and essedum, but without any particulars.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crater

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CRA'TER (κρατήρ). A capacious bowl or vessel, containing wine and water mixed together, out of which the drinking goblets were filled, and handed round to each individual at table; for the ancients seldom drank their wine neat. (Non. s. v. p. 545. Ovid. Fast. v. 522. Virg. Aen. i. 728.) It was made of various materials, from earthenware up to the precious metals; and in different forms, according to the taste of the designer, but always with a wide open mouth, as in the example (Crater/1.1), from a bronze original discovered at Pompeii. At meal time it was brought into the eating-room, and placed upon the ground, or on a stand, and the cup-bearer (pincerna, pocillator) took the mixed liquor from it with a ladle (cyathus), out of which he replenished the cups (pocula, calices, &c.), and handed them to the guests. In the representations of Greek banquets (see the examples quoted s. COMISSATIO), the crater is placed upon the ground in front of the tables; in an ivory carving of a Bacchanalian scene (Buanorotti, Med. p. 451.), it stands likewise upon the ground, while a winged genius pours the wine into it from an amphora; and in a marble bas-relief, representing a similar subject (Bartoli, Adm. p. 45.), a Faun fills it in like manner from a wine skin (uter).
2. The crater of a volcanic mountain (Plin. H. N. iii. 14. Lucret. vi. 702.); which is produced by the cinders and other matters discharged into the air from the mouth of the volcano, falling down all round the top, when they naturally form a deep circular basin, through which the eruption finds its vent.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crates

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CRA'TES (ταρσός). Our crate; a stand, frame, or basket, made with hurdles, or like a hurdle; also a hurdle itself; all of which were employed by the ancients in many different ways, as the same objects still are amongst ourselves. Varro, Cato, Columell. Virg. Hor. Caes. &c.
2. Same as CARNARIUM. Juven. xi. 82.
3. Sub crate necari. To be executed under the hurdle; an unusual method of punishment, sometimes adopted by the Romans (Liv. i. 51. Id. iv. 50.), in which the condemned was laid under a hurdle, and crushed by a weight of stones thrown upon it. Plaut. Poen. v. 2. 65.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Craticius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CRATIC'IUS. Made with hurdles, or hurdle-wise. See PARIES, 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Creagra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CREAG'RA (κρεάγρα). A Greek word Latinized (Marc. Cap.), for which the proper Latin term is HARPAGO; which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cremium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CREM'IUM (φρύγανον). Small wood, or underwood, for burning; especially employed in bakers' ovens. Columell. xii. 19. 3. Ulp. Dig. 32. 35.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crepiculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CREPIC'ULUM, CREPID'ULUM, CREPIT'ULUM. An ornament for the head worn by females, supposed to have acquired its name from the jingling sound it made with every motion of the wearer; but nothing definite is known respecting it, and the readings are doubtful. Festus, s. v. Tertull. de Pall. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crepidarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CREPIDA'RIUS. One who followed the trade of making crepidae. Aul. Gell. xiii. 21.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crepidatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CREPIDA'TUS. Wearing shoes of the kind called crepidae; properly characteristic of the Greeks, and used with the chlamys or the pallium. (Cic. Pis. 38. Suet. Dom. 4. CREPIDA.) The well-known statue of the Belvedere Apollo, which has the chlamys on its left arm, will furnish an example.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crepida

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CREP'IDA (κρηπίς). Usually translated a slipper, which gives a very imperfect, as well as incorrect, notion of the word. The crepida consisted of a thick sole welted on to a low piece of leather, which only covered the side of the foot, but had a number of eyes (ansae) on its upper edge, through which a flat thong (amentum) was passed to bind it on the foot, as in the preceding wood-cut (Crepida/1.1) from a Greek marble; or sometimes loops (ansae) only were welted to the sole, as in the annexed example (Crepida/1.2), also from a Greek statue, through which the amentum was interlaced, in different and fanciful patterns, across the instep, and as high as the ankle. It was properly characteristic of the Greek national costume, was adopted by both sexes, and considered the proper chaussure to be worn with the pallium, and with the chlamys; consequently, on the fictile vases and other works of art, when figures are clad in the above-named garments, and not bare-footed, as in the heroic style, their feet are commonly protected by coverings of a similar description to those introduced above. Hor. Sat. i. 3. 127. Pers. i. 127. Liv. xxix. 19. Suet. Tib. 13. Aul. Gell. xiii. 21. 3.
2. Crepida carbatina. See CARBATINA.
* Crepida/1.1
* Crepida/1.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crepido

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CREPI'DO (κρηπίς). Any raised basement upon which other things are built or supported, as of a temple, altar, obelisk, &c. Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 14. Compare Cic. Orat. 67.
2. A wall built as a margin or embankment along the side of a river, port, or basin of water, to form a quay, against which ships were moored, and passengers or merchandise landed or embarked. Cic. Verr. ii. 5. 7. Quint. Curt. iv. 5. Id. v. 1.
3. The trottoir, or raised causeway for foot passengers on the side of a Roman road or street. (Juv. v. 8. Pet. Sat. 9. 2.) The illustration (Crepido/3.1) represents a street, with its road-way and foot-pavement, in the city of Pompeii.
4. In architecture, the projecting members of a cornice, or other ornaments in a building.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crepidula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CREPID'ULA. Diminutive of CREPIDA; whence especially applied to those worn by females. Plaut. Pers. iv. 2. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crepitaculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CREPITAC'ULUM. A little rattle, with bells attached, to make a jingling sound; especially a child's rattle. (Quint. ix. 4. 66. Capell. i. 4. Compare Lucret. v. 230. where the diminutive, crepitacillum, is used.) The example (Crepitaculum/1.1) represents an original found at Pompeii.
2. Martial (Ep. xiv. 54.), and Apuleius (Met. xi. p. 240.), give the same designation to the Egyptian sistrum, which was only another kind of rattle; see that word and the illustration.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crepitus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CREP'ITUS, sc. digitorum; or concrepare digitis. A snapping of the fingers by pressing the tip of the thumb (hence pollex argutus, Mart. vi. 89.) firmly against the middle finger, a gesture employed by the ancients for making a sign to attract observation (Cic. Agr. ii. 30.); particularly as a summons to their slaves (Pet. Sat. 27. 5. Mart. Ep. xiv. 19. Id. iii. 82.); and, in general, as a mark of contemptuous indifference; which latter expression is implied by the figure in the engraving (Crepitus/1.1), representing a drunken Faun, from a statue found at Herculaneum, as it were in the act of exclaiming, "Eat, drink, and be merry; all else is not worth this snap of the fingers."
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crepundia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CREPUN'DIA (σπάργανα). Children's playthings; consisting of a variety of miniature objects, such as rattles, dolls, little swords, hatchets, &c., and other toys similar to those given to children at the present day. But the Greeks and Romans also included under the same name little tokens of the same description which they used to tie round their children's necks. (Plaut. Mil. v. 6.) for ornaments, or amulets, and also to serve as a means of recognition for those who were exposed, or put out to nurse. (Plaut. Cist. iv. 1. 13. Cic. Brut. 91. Soph. Oed. T. 1035.) Several of these are enumerated by Plautus (Rud. iv. 4. 111 — 126. Ep. v. i. 34.), and are seen round the neck of a child in a statue of the Pio-Clementine Museum, copied in the preceding engraving (Crepundia/1.1), of the same character as he mentions: — viz. a half moon (lunula), on the top of the right shoulder; then a double axe (securicula ancipes); next a bucket (situla argenteola); a sort of flower, not mentioned; a little sword (ensiculus aureolus); a little hand (manicula); then another half-moon; a dolphin, instead of the little sow (sucula) mentioned by Plautus; with a recurrence of the same objects.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Creta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CRE'TA. The same as CALX and LINEA ALBA. Plin. H. N. viii. 65.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cribellum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CRIBELLUM (κοσκίνιον). Diminutive of CRIBRUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cribrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CRI'BRUM (κόσκινον). A sieve; made of parchment perforated with holes, or of horse-hair, thread, papyrus, or rushes, interwoven, so as to leave interstices between each plat. The Romans sifted their flour through two kinds of sieves, called respectively excussoria and pollinaria, the latter of which gave the finest flour, termed pollen. Sieves of horse-hair were first made by the Gauls; those of linen by the Spaniards; and of papyrus and rushes by the Egyptians. (Plin. H. N. xviii. 28. Cato, R. R. 76. 3. Pers. Sat. 3. 112.) The example (Cribrum/1.1) is from a bas-relief on the Column of Trajan.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crinale

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CRINA'LE. A large comb of convex form (curvum, Ovid. Met. v. 52.), made to fit the back of the head, where it was placed to keep the back hair close down to the head, as shown by the annexed engraving (Crinale/1.1), from a small bronze figure, representing one of the Sabine women in the arms of a Roman soldier. (Guasco, delle Ornatrici, p. 69.) It will be understood that the long ends of the hair have fallen from their place by the violence of the struggle in which the figures had been engaged; and it may be remarked, that the women of Rome and its neighbourhood still wear a comb of the same kind, which they call "lo spicciatojo."
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crinis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CRI'NIS (θρίξ). Any hair; then especially the hair of the head; more particularly implying a head of hair in its natural state and growth; i. e. not cut, nor artificially dressed. Hence, crinis passus, dishevelled hair, which is left to hang down to its full length, as was usual with the women of antiquity when afflicted with any great calamity (Liv. i. 13. and see the illustration s. PRAEFICAE); crinis sparsus, hair which streams wildly from the head, characteristic of persons under violent exertions, or possessed by any furious passion or impulse. Ovid. Met. i. 542. and the illustration s. BACCHA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crinitus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CRINI'TUS. Having long and flowing hair, which is suffered to hang down at its natural length, such as the figures introduced s. ACERSECOMES and CAMILLUS. Ennius ap. Cic. Acad. ii. 28. Mart. Ep. xii. 49.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Cristatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CRISTA'TUS. Applied to helmets, distinguishes those which were fitted with a crest (crista) from the mere scull-cap (cudo), which had neither ridge-piece nor crest. (Liv. ix. 40. Ovid. Met. viii. 25.) Compare the preceding wood-cuts with the illustration to CUDO.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Crista

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
CRISTA (λόφος). The crest of a helmet; which was affixed to an elevated ridge (apex) on the top of the scull-cap. (Virg. Aen. xii. 89. Liv. x. 39. Plin. H. N. vii. 57.) Both the apex and crista are often included under the latter term; but the real difference between the two words is that given. The illustration (Crista/1.1) here introduced affords an example of three Roman helmets, with their crests composed of feathers, from a group originally belonging to the Arch of Trajan, but now inserted on the Arch of Constantine, near the Coliseum. The Greek crests were more usually made of horse-hair, with the entire tail falling down behind, as a protection to the nape of the neck and back, like the left-hand figure in the following engraving (Crista/1.2), from a fictile vase; and they sometimes added as many as three crests to one helmet, like the right-hand figure in the engraving, from a statue of Minerva.
* Crista/1.1
* Crista/1.2