OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mappa

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAPPA. A table-napkin (Hor. Sat. ii. 8. 63.); which the Romans used for wiping the hands and mouth at meals, and vulgar people fastened under their chins to protect their clothes from stains, as some do in our days. (Pet. Sat. 32. 2.) In ordinary cases the host did not furnish his guests with napkins; but each person brought his own mappa with him (Mart. xii. 29. 11.); and occasionally carried away in it some of the delicacies which he could not consume at table (Mart. ii. 37. vii. 20.); a practice of common occurrence also amongst the modern Italians. The example (Mappa/1.1) is copied from a painting at Pompeii, of the kind called Xenia, in which it is represented hanging upon a peg amongst a variety of eatables and table utensils.
2. A cloth or napkin which was thrown down as a signal for the races to commence at the Circensian and other games by the magistrate who furnished the show. (Suet. Nero, 22. Mart. xii. 29. 9. Juv. xi. 191.) The origin of this practice appears to have been of very great antiquity, since it is attributed to the Phoenicians (Quint. i. 5. 57.); though, in after times, a story gained currency which made Nero its author, who was reported, upon some occasion, to have taken up a napkin from the table where he was dining in the golden house which overlooked the Circus Maximus, and thrown it down as a signal, when the populace in the circus below were becoming impatient for the races to begin. (Cassiodor. Var. Ep. iii. 51.) The illustration (Mappa/2.1), which shows a magistrate in the act of raising the mappa, is taken from a representation of a chariot race, on a Roman bas-relief.
* Mappa/1.1
* Mappa/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Marra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MARRA. A sort of hoe with a broad head (lata, Columell. x. 70.), indented with teeth (Id. x. 88.), which was employed in gardening and husbandry, for tearing up and clearing away weeds and fibrous encumbrances from the ground, &c. (Plin. H. N. xvii. 35. § 4. Juv. xv. 166. Columell. ll. cc.) The example (Marra/1.1) shows the head of an instrument corresponding with the above description, which was found in the tomb of one of the Christian martyrs at Rome, with which he had probably been tortured.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Marsupium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MARSU'PIUM (μαρσύπιον). A purse for money (Varro, ap. Non. s. v. p. 141. Id. R. R. iii. 17. 3. Plaut. Rud. v. 2. 26.); often represented in works of art in the hands of Mercury, the god of gain, and more or less ornamented with tassels, &c. The example (Marsupium/1.1) is from a Pompeian painting.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Martiobarbulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MARTIOBAR'BULUS. A word of doubtful authority which occurs in Vegetius (Mil. i. 17.); where, if the reading be correct, it designates a soldier armed with leaden bullets (glandes) for discharging from a sling.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Martiolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAR'TIOLUS. Diminutive of MARCULUS. A common hammer of the smallest kind; such as used by carpenters for driving nails, or hammering and beating out any thing which does not require extraordinary force or labour; like the delicate works in metal, called ἔργα σφυρήλατα by the Greeks. (Pet. Sat. 51. 4.) The example (Martiolus/1.1) is represented on the sepulchral stone of a Roman mechanic.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Martulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAR'TULUS. (Plin. H. N. vii. 57.) Same as MARCULUS. The Italian "martello."
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mastigia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MASTI'GIA (μαστίγιας). Properly a Greek expression of reproach, meaning a good-for-nothing fellow, who deserves to be flogged (Plaut. Curc. iv. 4. 11. Terent. Ad. v. 2. 6.); equivalent to the Latin verbero.
2. Hence a whip (μάστιξ). Sulp. Sev. Dial. ii. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mastigophorus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MASTIGOPH'ORUS (μαστιγοφόρος). A term borrowed from the Greeks, amongst whom it signifies something like a slave driver (Thucyd. iv. 47.); but the Romans, and perhaps the Greeks also, gave the same name to an officer who bore a near resemblance to our policeman, and clerk of the course on a race-ground, whose duty it was to repress disorderly conduct at public places and popular festivals, keep off the populace, and prevent crowding or tumult, for which purpose he was provided with a whip (μάστιξ), whence the name arose. Arcad. Dig. 50. 4. 18. Prud. adv. Symm. ii. 516.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mastrucatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MASTRUCA'TUS. Wearing the mastruca, as shown by the preceding woodcut. Cic. Prov. Cons. 7. of Sardinians.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mastruca

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MASTRU'CA and MASTRU'GA. A word of foreign origin, probably Phoenician, which designates a coarse and common kind of covering made of the skins of wild animals (Isidor. Orig. xix. 23. 5.), more especially peculiar to the peasantry and common people of Sardinia (Cic. Fragm. pro Scaur. ap. Isidor. l. c. Quint. i. 5. 8.), and of Carthage (Plaut. Poen. v. 5. 33.); both of which were Phoenician colonies. Its form and character is doubtless shown in the annexed figure (Mastruca/1.1) from a mosaic found at Palestrina, representing the rape of Europa, in which the artist skilfully announces the country of his heroine, and the locality where the scene took place, by the introduction of a rustic figure in the mastruca, expressing by his attitude and gestures the greatest alarm at the strange abduction of his young mistress.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Matara

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAT'ARA and MAT'ARIS. See MATERIS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mataxa

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MATAX'A. See METAXA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Matella

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MATEL'LA. Diminutive of MATULA. Varro, ap. Non. s. v. p. 543. Mart. xii. 32. 13.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Matellio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MATELL'IO. Diminutive of MATULA. Varro, L. L. v. 119. Id. ap. Non. s. Trullium, p. 547. Cic. Par. v. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Materiarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MATERIA'RIUS. A timber-merchant. Plaut. Mil. iii. 3. 45.
2. A worker in wood, such as a carpenter shipwright, &c. Inscript. ap. Grut. 642. 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Materiatio

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MATERIA'TIO. A collective term, including all the timber-work employed in the construction of a roof (Vitruv. iv. 2. 1.); arranged by the ancient architects in the manner exhibited by the annexed diagram (Materiatio/1.1), which represents a timber roof in elevation and section, from Gwilt's Encyclopedia of Architecture, and distributed into the following component parts: — a a. trabes, the beams which formed the architraves, supported upon columns and pilasters; b b. columen, the ridge-piece which forms the culminating point; c. columna, the king-post, which supports the central apex; d d. tigna, the tie-beams which extend transversely from side to side of the building, and across the architraves on which they rest; e. capreolus, the strut, placed diagonally between the king-post and rafter, the centre of which it supports; f f. canterii, the principal rafters of the roof, which form a bed for the purlines to rest upon; g g g g. templa, the purlines, which lie transversely over the rafters, and form a bed for the common rafters; h h. asseres, the common rafters, over which the tiles are placed.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Materiatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MATERIA'TUS. Built or constructed of wood-work. Vitruv. iv. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Materis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAT'ERIS. A Celtic word, denoting a particular kind of javelin employed by the Belgae (Strabo, iv. 4. 3.), which had a broader head than usual (Hesych.); but respecting which nothing further is known. Liv. vii. 24. Caes. B. G. i. 26. Sisenn. ap. Non. s. v. p. 556.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Matrimonium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MATRIMO'NIUM. Matrimony, which amongst the Romans was contracted in three ways; by use (usus), when a man lived with a woman for a year; by contract (coemptio), in which the parties went through a mock ceremony of mutually selling themselves to one another; and by a religious solemnity, termed confarreatio, under which term the rites are explained.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mattarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MATTA'RIUS. One who sleeps upon a mat, or on a coarse mattress no better than a mat. August. contra Faust. v. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Matta

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MATTA (ψίαθον). A mat made of rushes. Ov. Fast. vi. 679.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mattea

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MATT'EA or MATT'YA (ματτύα). A general name given to any choice and delicate food, especially poultry and game, which we might term dainties. Pet. Sat. 65. 1. Ib. 74. 6. Mart. xiii. 92.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Matula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAT'ULA (ἀμίς). This word, like its diminutive, is the one usually employed to designate a chamber utensil (Plaut. Most. ii. 1. 39. Ulp. Dig. 34. 2. 25. § 10. and the authorities cited s. MATELLA and MATELLIO); though they were all likewise referred to any kind of vessel for holding water.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mausoleum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAUSOLE'UM. The sepulchre of Mausolus, king of Caria, which from the beauty and magnificence of its structure passed for one of the wonders of the world (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 4. § 9.); hence the word was adopted by the Romans as a name for any sepulchre of extraordinary magnificence, especially of kings and emperors, like that of Augustus in the Campus Martius; and of Hadrian on the opposite bank of the Tiber. (Florus, iv. 11. 10. Suet. Aug. 100. Vesp. 23. Mart. v. 64.) Considerable remains of both these edifices are still in existence; the first being now used as a ring for bull baits; the latter as a fortress, which goes by the name of the Castle St. Angelo. Both, however, are entirely deprived of their external ornaments: but the annexed woodcut (Mausoleum/1.1) represents the mausoleum of Hadrian, as it appeared in its original state, before the statues and columns which decorated it were destroyed during the siege of Rome by the Goths under Vitiges. The restoration is by the Venetian architect Labacco (Libro dell' Architettura, Roma, 1558), from remaining vestiges, representations on medals, and the description of Procopius. It will convey a just idea of the former magnificence of the sepulchre, and may be regarded as an accurate design, with the exception that there should be a statue of Hadrian on the top, instead of the fir cone, which is erroneously placed there.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mavorte

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAVOR'TE or MAVOR'TIUM. A term introduced at a late period, or used by the common people, instead of RICINIUM, which see. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. i. 282. Isidor. Orig. xix. 25.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mazonomum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAZON'OMUM (μαζονομεῖον, μαζονόμος). Properly an article of Greek domestic use; viz. a round wooden trencher, upon which barley cakes were served up (Hesych. Compare Harmod. ap. Athen. iv. 31.); whence the name was transferred to a large salver of bronze or gold, upon which burning incense and other perfumes were carried by young boys in the religious ceremonies of Bacchus (Calix ap. Athen. v. 27.), as shown by the annexed example (Mazonomum/1.1), from a bas-relief of the Pio-Clementine Museum.
2. The Romans also adopted the name, but used it in a somewhat different meaning; for a dish of very large dimensions (sub iniquo pondere mazonomi Nemes. Fragm. de Aucup. i. 17.), in which game pies were brought up (Hor. Sat. ii. 8. 86. Schol. Vet. ad l. Varro, R. R. iii. 4. 3.), like the annexed example (Mazonomum/2.1) from an ancient fresco discovered near the church of St. John in Lateran, at Rome, representing a number of slaves, each of whom brings in a different dish at a feast; the pastry is painted yellow: and a bas-relief of the Pio-Clementine Museum (v. 14.) represents a dish with a pastry crust, of precisely the same character presented by an attendant to Hercules, who is reclining at his meal.
* Mazonomum/1.1
* Mazonomum/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mediastini

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MEDIASTI'NI. A class of slaves whose distinctive services and condition are not fully ascertained. They appear, however, to have been the lowest in point of rank, performing the commonest drudgery both in agricultural employments and household work. Columell. i. 9. 3. ii. 13. 7. Dig. 7. 7. 6. Acro ad Hor. Ep. i. 14. 14. Non. s. v. p. 143.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Medicamentarii

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MEDICAMENTA'RII. Dealers in herbs and prepared medicines (Plin. H. N. xix. 33.); perhaps quack nostrums, or something worse, for they were certainly held in little repute, and the Theodosian poisoners of both sexes are designated by the name. Cod. Theodos. 3. 16.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Medicus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MED'ICUS (ἰατρός). A medical man , like our word "doctor," or "general practitioner," applied to those who practise both branches of the healing art, surgery as well as medicine. (Plaut. Men. v. 3. 6. Cic. Cluent. 21. Plin. H. N. xxix. 6. Suet. Cal. 8. Nero, 2.) From these passages we also learn that generally the medicus of Rome was a foreigner, who gained a livelihood by attending all persons choosing to employ him; or a slave kept by wealthy individuals as an apothecary to the household, whose services were not accessible to the public.
2. The same title was also given to veterinaries and cattle doctors; a class of professionals who divided themselves into many branches, each confining itself to studying the diseases of a separate race of animals, after which the practitioner took his characteristic appellation; as medicus equarius; mulo-medicus; medicus pecorum, &c. Val. Max. ix. 15. 2. Veget. i. Praef. 6. Varro, R. R. ii. 7. 16.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Medimnus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MEDIM'NUS, and MEDIM'NUM (μέδιμνος). A Greek measure of capacity; mostly a dry measure, but also used for liquids: it contained six Roman modii. Nepos, Att. 2. Rhemn. Fann. de Pond. &c. 64.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Medipontus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MEDIPON'TUS. Enumerated by Cato amongst the necessaries of a wine-press, but without any further explanatory details; excepting that it is mentioned as one of the ropes, and apparently of the strongest and thickest description. Cato, R. R. iii. 3. and 12.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Melina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ME'LINA. A wallet or pouch made out of the skin of a badger (meles). Plaut. Epid. i. 1. 21.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Melium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
ME'LIUM. A dog's collar, made of leather studded with iron-headed nails (clavulis capitatis, Varro, R. R. ii. 9. 15.); particularly used for sporting dogs as a protection to the throat and neck. Compare MILLUS, and the illustration there introduced.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Membrana

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MEMBRA'NA. Parchment; sometimes employed for writing books upon, though not of such common or general use as paper (charta) made of papyrus. Plin. H. N. xiii. 21. Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 2.
2. (διφθέρα). A wrapper or cover made of parchment, dyed on the outside with purple or yellow colour (Tibull. iii. 1. 9. Compare Ov. Trist. 1. 1. 5.), in which a roll was enveloped, to keep it clean, and preserve it from injury. That the membrana was not a box or case like the capsa, is clear from its being assimilated to articles of outside clothing (Mart. x. 93. toga purpurea. Id. xi. 1. sindone).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Membranula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MEMBRA'NULA. Diminutive of the preceding; a small strip of parchment upon which the title-pages, lettering pieces, or contents of a books (indices) were written. Cic. Att. iv. 4.