# The Varanasi Heritage Dossier/Assi Ghat

Detailed description of each heritage Site - Assi Ghat to Pancakota Ghat

### Location

25º 17.334’ North and 83º 00.358’ East (Asi Sangameshvara - 2).

##### Exact location on a map

At Asi Ghat, the southern edge of the City, and until 1979 marked by the confluence of Asi drain, the southern reference point is the Asi Sangameshvara -2 (House No. B 1/ 174). 4.Area (in ha.) of proposed property: 125m X 110m stretch, i.e. ca. 1.375ha.

### Historical/cultural/natural significance

All the pilgrimage routes that pass through the south certainly touch this site. Even in the ancient mythologies (e.g. Matya Purana as in TS 101; VM 177; KKh 97.253), the Asi drain was mentioned as a seasonal stream and a dried bed. The temple of Sangameshvara (“Lord of the Confluence of Asi”), marked with a marble plaque, establishes the site's puranic heritage. The plaque reads, "in the Pancakroshi pilgrimage, this site is one of the Pancatirthis”. This ghat was mentioned in the inscriptions of the Gahadavalas (11th-12th century). This ghat is also glorified in Varadaraja’s Giravana-padamanjari (1600-60). By the turn of the 19th century, the long strip of the Ghat was divided into separate ghats. In 1902, Queen Dulhin Radha Dulari Kunwar of the Sursand Estate (Bihar) purchased the southern part of the ghat. He built her small palace (presently Hotel Ganga View) and the Lakshminarayana Temple.

### Description and History

The Assi Ghat was natural until the 19th century, an open land with lush green trees. However, ancient texts already described its glory under “Assi Sangmeh Tirtha.” In 1988, the Irrigation Department made the Ghat pucca (stone-staired) with the support of the Ganga Directorate project.

### Present state of conservation

There is no plan for conservation. In the name of beautification and change, the development and transformation of the ghat area turned out to be a big problem. The closing down of the Assi confluence (in fact, shifted ½ km in the south in 1981-82) and the pucca construction of Assi and nearby ghats created a crucial problem of silt deposition. According to an estimate, about 8200m² of silt in a length of 60m get deposited yearly along the Assi and Rivan ghats, and a reasonable sum of money is spent every year to get it cleaned. Moreover, the course and the flow are changing, which causes a loss of the ghat's aesthetic sense and sacramental values. The consequences of the modern approach to short-term planning are visible here.

### Specific measures being taken for conserving the specific property

No specific measures are taken to conserve and preserve the ghat area except to clean and maintain the area at different degrees, which is not optimal.

### Ownership

--. The Municipal Corporation and VDA, i.e. the government bodies, own the area.

#### On Wikipedia

On Wikipedia ⇒ Assi Ghat
On Google Map ⇒ Assi Ghat Varanasi

## Development plan by VDA suspended by High Court 2013

In July 2013, the Allahabad High Court stalled a pharaonic construction project of the U.P. State Government on making permanent structures in the heritage zone (on and around the Assi Ghat) in Varanasi that was in open contrast with the Government laws and would have permanently disfigured the Varanasi urban landscape and the skyline of the riverfront ghats. Allahabad High Court Order Dated 29 July 2013 These proposed constructions included jetties in the river, toilets, shelters, big bathing platforms, parks, kiosks, parking area, greening, a 9 metre wide and 635 metre long promenade. हाईकोर्ट ने सरकार से वाराणसी के घाटों के सौंदर्यीकरण का प्रस्ताव मांगा नवभारत टाइम्स
To comply with the requirement of the citizens of Varanasi before the sanction project be implemented, it is required that:
* must be based on a proper scientific report on the river and the river banks as well as their utilisation, prepared by experts in consultation with stakeholders, that study the factors responsible on the one hand for the sustainable existence of the ghats and on the other hand, for weakening the ghat structure and eroding the ghats from beneath; on the impact of developmental interventions on the course of the river and its ecological balance, and on the sustainable existence of the riverfront ghats and structures thereon
* for interventions/ project activities/ deliverables to positively contribute to the aesthetic value and coherence of the Ganga riverfront ghat structure, use and appearance as well as to maintain the harmony and uniqueness of their architectural skyline, shapes and material constituting the same, it is essential the interventions/projects are not piecemeal or stand-alone but part of a broader conservation and management plan that ensures sustainability and minimises negative impacts on the above
* for interventions/ project activities/ deliverables to be effective and sustainable, interventions/ project activities/ deliverables will need to be time-bound, have full confirmation of fund sanction, be chronologically logical and in consultation with civil society so that the same is local needs-based and local people thus take up the O&M responsibilities of the same (for ex. making the STP before the toilets and bathing places). As explicitly stated in GOI expectation, “local communities shall be involved in the O&M of non-core schemes”, and the State government is finally responsible for O&M (pg 14 of U.P. Jal Nigam Service Unit -24 affidavit of 16 July 2013) and that City level Monitoring Committees must be accountable for community involvement and consultations (pg 13 of Nagar Nigam’s affidavit). This is important because there are “bad practice” examples in the city, forex. The bridge on River Ganga between Samne Ghat and Ramnagar that started in 2006 and was stalled for the past 5 years because of change in government and has now been re-started again OR the half-built structure on Dashashwamedh Ghat, intended for improving the local market space, but never completed because it followed a top-down approach and was not prepared in consultation with stakeholders;
* To optimally utilise funds and minimise repetitions, the interventions will build on and avail of existing reports on the Ganga riverfront ghats, like the DPRs for Dashashwamedh Ghat, Assi Ghat, etc. that were funded by VDA (for approx. Rs. 35 lacs) and prepared by INTACH-Delhi
* A Monitoring mechanism must be established in collaboration with local civil society. Quarterly reports should be presented to this Hon’ble bench of the Allahabad High Court, and contractors should be penalised if they violate timelines and the quality of interventions.