OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tugurium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TUGUR'IUM. A cottier's hut; forming an abode for the poorest classes of the rural population. They were made of wood, with peaked roofs of turf, the bark of trees, hurdles, or other materials of the same common description, and apparently without windows (Plin. H. N. xvi. 14. Virg. Ecl. i. 69. Columell. xii. 15. 1. Festus, s. v.), as exhibited by the illustration (Tugurium/1.1) from one of the Pompeian paintings.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tullianum

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TULLIA'NUM. An underground dungeon belonging to the state-prisons at Rome; so termed after the name of Servius Tullius, by whose orders it was made. (Sall. Cat. 58. Varro, L. L. v. 151. Liv. xxix. 22. xxxiv. 44. Festus, s. v.) The Tullianum is still in existence, retaining all the features minutely described by Sallust, and is exhibited by the annexed engraving (Tullianum/1.1). It consists of an elliptical chamber, nineteen feet by nine, and six and half high; but the original height may have been greater, as the present pavement is modern. The masonry is rude, but the blocks are large, and the roof possesses a slight curve. The only entrance to it is through a square opening of three feet five inches by three feet four, formed in the roof of the dungeon, which also serves as the flooring to another cell immediately over-head (see the wood-cut s. CARCER, 1.); whence the expression in Tullianum demittere. (Sall. Cat. 55.)
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tumulatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TUMULA'TUS. Buried in the soil, with a mound of earth and stones (tumulus) piled over the grave. Ov. Pont. i. 6. 49. Catull. lxiv. 193.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tumulus

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TUM'ULUS (τύμβος). A mound of earth or rough masses of stones (Hom. Il. xxiv. 798.) piled up into a pyramidal form, in order to form a cairn or barrow over the grave. (Cic. Arch. 10.) On its summit a tall column (stele) was usually erected for a monument (Hom. Il. xi. 371.); as exhibited by the annexed illustration (Tumulus/1.1), representing the tumulus of Adonis in a painting at Pompeii. Hence the word is often used in a general sense for a grave or a tomb. Pedo. Albin. El. i. 69. Ib. 73 — 74. Virg. Ecl. v. 42. Ov. Trist. iii. 3. 72.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tunicatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TUNICA'TUS (μονοχίτων, οἰοχίτων). In a general sense, wearing a tunic; but the word is more commonly opposed in an express manner to togatus, and means wearing only the tunic, as corresponding with our expression "in his shirt," or "without his coat." (Suet. Aug. 24. Ib. 100. Nero, 48.) The term, when applied to persons of the better classes, sometimes conveys a notion of being at their ease in the country, or in dishabille, as they were in the habit of taking off the toga when at home or out of town, whence tunicata quies (Mart. x. 51.) expresses the ease and independence of home or the country; but it is more frequently applied in a sense exactly contrary to this, indicating that the person is occupied in active exercise or labour (Cic. Cael. 5.), because it was necessary to lay aside the cumbrous and embarrassing toga upon such occasions; and in this sense it is commonly used to characterise the lower or labouring classes (Hor. Ep. i. 7. 65.), whose daily occupations compelled them to wear a tunic only, without the toga. The illustrations s. TUNICA, 1. exhibit a figure in the tunic only contrasted with another in the tunic and toga; and thus distinctly illustrate the different images called to the mind by the several terms tunicatus and togatus.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tunicopallium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TUNICOPALL'IUM. A garment possessing the double properties of the tunica and pallium, not a written term used in the language, but a word invented by the grammarians as a definition of the peculiar properties of the garment termed PALLA. Non. s. PALLA, p. 537. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. i. 648.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tunicula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TUNIC'ULA (χιτωνίσκος, χιτώνιον). Diminutive of TUNICA; the diminutive sometimes indicating inferiority of quality (Plaut. Rud. ii. 6. 53. Varro ap. Non. s. TRACTUS, p. 228.); sometimes smallness of size (Turpil. ap. Non. s. STROPHIUM, p. 538.), like those exhibited by the annexed figures (Tunicula/1.1), one from a marble bas-relief, the other from a Pompeian painting. The Romans applied their word tunicula both to the male and female vest; but the Greeks made a distinction, using χιτωνίσκος in regard to men (Demosth. in Mid. p. 370. Schaeffer), and χιτώνιον with reference to women. Lucian. Lexiph. 25. Eustath. Il. xviii. 416.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Turbo

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TURBO (βέμβιξ, ῥόμβος, στρόμβος). A boy's whipping-top (Virg. Aen. vii. 378. Tibull. i. 5. 3.), similar to those now in use.
2. The whorl or whirl of a spindle (Catull. 64. 315. Auct. Consol. ad Liv. 164.), technically termed VERTICILLUM; which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Turibulum

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TURIB'ULUM or THURIB'ULUM (θυμιατήριον). A censer, or vessel in which incense was burnt (Liv. xxix. 14.), as contradistinguished from acerra, the box in which it was carried to the temple, and thence taken out to be put into the censer, or sprinkled upon the burning altar. It was often carried in the hand by a chain, and swung to and fro for the purpose of diffusing the odoriferous vapour along the streets (Curt. viii. 9.) or through the temples (Virg. Aen. xi. 481.), in the same manner as still practised in the Roman Catholic churches. The illustration (Turibulum/1.1) represents an original of bronze found at Pompeii. One of the three chains by which it was suspended from the hand is attached to the top of the lid, which would be raised a little, and the vapour thus permitted to escape, every time the vessel was swung backwards or forwards.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Turicremus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TURIC'REMUS or THURIC'REMUS. On which incense is burnt; as ara turicrema (Lucret. ii. 353. Virg. Aen. iv. 453.), an altar for burning incense (wood-cut s. ARA, 6.); focus turicremus (Ov. Her. ii. 18.), a brazier for the same. Wood-cut s. FOCUS, 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Turma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TURMA (ἴλη). A troop or company of cavalry, originally consisting of thirty men and three officers (decuriones). Varro, L. L. v. 91.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Turricula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TURRIC'ULA (πυργίδιον). Diminutive of TURRIS. Vitruv. x. 13. 6.
2. A dice-box, formed in the shape of a tower (Mart. xiv. 16.); whence it is also termed pyrgus (Sidon. Ep. viii. 12.), from the Greek word meaning a tower. The precise difference between the common dice-box, fritillus, and the turricula, is not sufficiently ascertained, some thinking that the former term designated only a box of circular form, like the example introduced at p. 302.; and the latter one a box with square sides, of which an example occurs in an old almanack supposed to have been executed in the time of Constantine (Lambecc. Bibliothec. Caes. tom. 4. Col. 1665.), where it is represented standing upon a table with a couple of dice by its side. But as the ancient towers were made both circular and angular, the name would be equally applicable to either form. Other scholars have thence concluded that the turricula, though probably similar in form, was an entirely distinct instrument from the fritillus, and employed together with it as an additional means of preventing unfairness at play. According to them it was fixed to the board (tabula), and the dice, instead of being cast directly from the fritillus on to the board, were thrown from it into the turricula, through which they fell on to the board, after acquiring additional rotation in their descent down its graduated sides. But this opinion is to be regarded as one collected from inferential reasoning, rather than proved by positive evidence.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Turriger

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TURR'IGER. Bearing towers. See TURRITUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Turris

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TURRIS (τύρσις, πύρσος). In a general sense, any very lofty building or pile of buildings; whence the term is applied indiscriminately to objects of civil or military architecture, a palatial residence, or a fortified place. Liv. xxxiii. 48. Sall. Jug. 103. Suet. Nero, 38. Ov. A. Am. iii. 416.
2. A tower of fortification, disposed at intervals in the walls of a city, stationary camp, or any other fortified enclosure. (Cic. Caes. Liv. &c.) They were built both round and square, were run up to several stories high, with turrets (pinnae) on the top, loop-holes (fenestrae) on the face, and frequently a sally-port (fornix) below, and in general were situated at short distances from one another, so that an attacking party would be exposed to a discharge of missiles on both flanks at the same moment. The illustration (Turris/2.1) exhibits three towers, two round and one square, now standing by the side of the Porta Asinaria, in the walls of Rome.
3. Turris mobilis, or ambulatoria. A moveable tower used in sieges, made of wood, covered with iron, raw hides, or stuffed mattresses, to break the force of the blows directed against it, and placed upon wheels, by means of which it could be driven close up to the enemy's walls. It was divided into several stories or platforms (tabulata), the lower one containing the battering-ram (aries), the upper ones, various kinds of drawbridges and other contrivances for raising and lowering the besiegers on to the walls (pons, sambuca, tolleno), and the highest of all being filled with light troops who cleared the opposite ramparts of their defenders before the bridges were let down for the assault. Liv. xxi. 11. Vitruv. x. 13. Veg. Mil. iv. 17.
4. A tower erected upon the deck of a ship of war, into which the troops ascended to annoy the crew of an enemy's vessel with their missiles, or to scale a fortress from the seaboard. (Liv. xxiv. 34. Ammian. xxi. 12. 9 — 10.) The illustration (Turris/4.1) is taken from a marble bas-relief.
5. A tower fastened on the back of an elephant, in which armed men were stationed on the battle-field. (Liv. xxxvii. 40.) The illustration (Turris/5.1) is copied from an engraved gem.
6. A particular kind of battle-array, in which the army was disposed in the figure of an oblong-square column. Cato ap. Fest. s. Serra praeliari. Aul. Gell. x. 9.
* Turris/2.1
* Turris/4.1
* Turris/5.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Turritus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TURRI'TUS. Furnished with a tower or towers; of city walls (Ov. Am. iii. 8. 47.), TURRIS, 2.; of ships (Virg. Aen. viii. 693.), TURRIS, 4.; of elephants (Plin. H. N. viii. 7. 7.), TURRIS, 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Turunda

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TURUN'DA. A pellet, made of bran, meal, paste, &c. for fattening poultry. Cato, R. R. 89. Varro, R. R. iii. 9. 20.
2. A sort of cake, made of similar materials to the last, as an offering to the gods. Varro ap. Non. s. v. p. 552.
3. A strip or roll of lint inserted into a wound. Cato, R. R. clvii. 14.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TUS or THUS (λιβανωτός). Frankincense; an odoriferous gum from a tree of Arabian growth, much employed by the ancients at the sacrifice, in the service of the temples, and other ceremonials. It was carried to the altar by a minister (camillus), in a small case (acerra), from which a few grains were taken out, and sprinkled over the burning altar (ara turicrema); or it was made up into pastiles, which were carried in a deep dish (catinus), and thence dropped upon a lighted brazier (focus turicremus), both of which customs are exemplified by the annexed illustration (Tus/1.1), from an ancient fresco painting; or, finally, it was kindled in a censer (turibulum), which was carried in the hand, and swung backwards and forwards to give out and diffuse its vapour, in the manner now practised at the ceremonies of the Roman Catholic Church. Hor. Od. iii. 8. 2. Pers. v. 120. Ov. Met. vii. 589. Id. Pont. ii. 1. 32.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tutela

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TUTE'LA. The tutelary genius of a ship, under whose protection the crew and vessel were supposed to sail (Ov. Trist. i. 10. 1. Pet. Sat. 105. 4.), as the vessels of Catholic countries are now put under the guardianship of some patron saint. The tutela, or image of the protecting genius, was placed in the after-part of the ship (Sil. Ital. xiv. 410.); whereas the insigne was the figure-head upon the prow. It sometimes consisted of a small statue on the deck (Pet. Sat. 108. 13.); sometimes of a portrait, either carved or painted upon the quarter (Sen. Ep. 76.); as in the annexed example (Tutela/1.1), from a marble bas-relief, in which it appears on a small square projection under the tower. The substructions of the island in the Tiber, designed to represent the ship that brought the serpent from Epidaurus to Rome, afford another instance of the same practice in the masonry forming the quarters of the vessel, on which a bust of Aesculapius is carved for a tutela, and may be seen, when the waters are low, under the garden-wall of the convent of Saint Bartholomew, or in an engraving of Gamucci (Antichità di Roma, p. 174. Venez. 1588.).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tutulatus

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TUTULA'TUS. In a general sense, wearing the hair dressed in a conical form (TUTULUS, 1.); or the priest's cap of the same name (TUTULUS, 2.), whence, in a special sense, a priest who wore it. Varro, L. L. vii. 44. Ennius ap. Varro, l. c.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tutulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TUT'ULUS. A particular style of head-dress, originally confined to the Flaminica, or wife of the Flamen Dialis (Festus, s. v.), but subsequently adopted by other females (Inscript. ap. Grut. 579. 5.) It was formed by piling up the hair with the aid of a purple riban, to a considerable height on the top of the head, so as to have the appearance of a goal (meta, Varro, L. L. vii. 44. Festus, s. v.), as in the illustration (Tutulus/1.1), from a painting of Herculaneum. This fashion is also alluded to in the expressions, suggestum comae (Stat. Sylv. i. 2. 114.); and tot compagibus altum Aedificat caput (Juv. vi. 502.).
2. A high cap, made of wool, in the form of a cone or goal (meta, Serv. ad Virg. Aen. ii. 683.), but without the olive point (apex) at the top, which was worn by some orders of the priesthood (Servius, l. c.); like the annexed example (Tutulus/1.2), from a bronze medal, representing the Genius of Augustus performing sacrifice.
* Tutulus/1.1
* Tutulus/1.2
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tympanista

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TYMPANIS'TA (τυμπανιστής). A man who plays the tympanum, or tambourine (Apul. Deo Socrat. p. 685.), as exhibited by the annexed figure (Tympanista/1.1), from a mosaic by Dioscorides of Samos, discovered at Pompeii, representing a concert by four musicians; a boy with the monaulos, a young female with the tibiae pares, an older one with the cymbala, and the present figure.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tympanistria

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TYMPANIS'TRIA (τυμπανίστρια). A female who plays the tympanum, or tambourine (Sidon. Ep. i. 2. Inscript. ap. Donat. Cl. 8. No. 1.), as exhibited by the annexed figure (Tympanistria/1.1), from a painting of Pompeii.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tympanium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TYMPAN'IUM (τυμπάνιον). Diminutive of TYMPANUM; a pearl with one surface flat and the other round (Plin. H. N. ix. 44.), like a kettle-drum, from which resemblance it is believed that the name arose.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tympanotriba

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TYMPANOT'RIBA (τυμπανοτρίβης). (Plaut. Truc. ii. 7. 60.) Same as TYMPANISTA; both words conveying a notion of contempt or ridicule, and indicating an effeminate man, like the priests of Cybele, who employed the tympanum at their festivals, though an instrument otherwise more appropriate for females.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tyropatina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TYROPAT'INA. A large flat cake made of cheese and honey (Apic. vii. 11.); a spurious word, from the Greek, τυρός, cheese, and the Latin patina.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Tyrotarichus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
TYROTARI'CHUS. A dish composed of salted fish (Greek τάριχος), cheese (Greek τυρός), and hard eggs, seasoned with pepper and spice, and stewed in wine and oil. Apic. iv. 2. Cic. Att. iv. 8. Id. Fam. ix. 16.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Udo

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
U'DO (οὐδών). A kind of sock made of goat-skin with the fur on (Mart. xiv. 140.), but respecting which nothing more characteristic is known.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Umbella

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UMBELLA and UMBRA'CULUM (σκιάδειον). A parasol (Mart. xiv. 28.); and an umbrella (Juv. ix. 50.), made, like our own, to open and shut (Aristoph. Eq. 1348.) by being strained upon a number of converging ribs (virgae, Ov. A. Am. ii. 209.), and usually carried by a female slave over her mistress (Mart. xi. 73.), in the manner shown by the illustration (Umbella/1.1), from a fictile vase.