OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thunderstorm

Thunderstorms are small, intense weather systems that make strong winds, heavy rain, lightning, and thunder. Thunderstorms can happen anywhere with two conditions: the air near the Earth's surface must be warm and moist, and the atmosphere must be unstable. 100 lightning bolts hit the earth every second, and at any one moment, about 1,800 thunderstorms happen around the earth.
This energy moves to the air and makes it to spread quickly and send out sound waves. Thunder is the sound that comes from the rapid spread of air along the lightning strike. Thunder is slower than lightning, because light is faster than sound.
About 10% of thunderstorms are thought severe. Severe thunderstorms make things like high winds, hail, flash floods, and tornadoes. Hailstorms damage crops, damage the metal on cars, and break windows. Sudden flash floods that happen because of heavy rains is the biggest reason for weather-related deaths.
Lightning, which happens with all thunderstorms, makes thousands of forest fires each year in the United States. Lightning also kills or injures hundreds of people a year in the United States.
Thunderstorms do not do only damage, however: they can be a great help to man and all living creatures. We get lots of water for many continents during the summer. Plants receive lots of life-giving rain when they need it. Without the thunderstorms, many continents would become dry. Fish would die, crops would fail, and animals would perish.
Thunderstorms are also our natural air conditioners. Hot air at the surface rises up into the high atmosphere where it is put out into space. Clouds give us shades, and rain can cool down a hot day. Without thunderstorms, the earth would be as much as 20 F (11 C) warmer. In the summer, dust, haze, and other pollutants come together in the lower atmosphere. When the air rises, either in cumulus clouds or in thunderstorms, spreads the pollution higher up into the atmosphere. Rain from thunderstorms washes away many of these pollutants out of the air.
# Tibetan language

Welcome to the Tibetan Language learning project!

## Topic

* Portal:Tibetan
* Developmental initiatives
* Registration and introductions
# Tibetan language/Common words and phrases

Common words and phrases
# Tibetan language/Bhavaviveka quotation

Bhavaviveka (Sanskrit; Wylie: slob-dpon bha-vya; སློབདཔོན་བྷ་བ༹ྱ) is a master of the tradition (whom I favour *heheheheheh*). This quotation is drawn from the Heart of the Middle Way (དབུ་མཻ་སྙིང་པོ; dBu-ma'i snying-po, Skt. Madhyamaka-hrdaya), III, 12:
ཡང་དག་ཀུན་རྫོབ་རྣམས་ཀྱི་སྐས| yang dag kun rdzob rnams kyi skas//
མེད་པར་ཡང་དག་ཁང་ཆེན་གྱི med par yang dag khang chen gyi//
སྟེང་དུ་གྲོ་བར་བྱ་བ་ནི
steng du 'gro bar bya ba ni//
མཁས་ལ་རུང་བ་མ་ཡིན་ནོ
mkhas la rung ba ma yin no//

## Activity

Please parse into words, identifying three English meanings for each possible word.
# Open Scientist/Science2.0

Science 2.0 is a term that alludes to Web 2.0 — interactive content creation over the Internet — and is frequently used to describe adaptations of the scientific method to this era of the World Wide Web. Many of these adaptations are related to an increased transparency of scientific research, most notably with respect to the handling of data and the publication, in academic journals, of research results derived from these data. Two important movements in this regard are Open Data and Open Access, both inspired by the Open Source movement.
Another important point is to leverage or develop Web 2.0 tools and technologies — e.g. blogs, wikis and social networks — for scientific purposes that range from databases to cloud computing to telemedicine. As such, Science 2.0 is intertwined with parallel developments in other parts of society, including Library 2.0 and Education 2.0.
# Open Science literacy in EAP/What role have traditional libraries played in the overall development of open science?

Go back to: Open Science literacy in EAP

### The first known library/ libraries

In this section, collect information on the first known human-made libraries. Remember to insert citations and references as evidence for the information you share.

### Efforts to conserve physical libraries

In this section, collect information on past and current efforts to conserve and maintain physical libraries around the world. Remember to insert citations and references as evidence for the information you share.

### Value of physical books for learners

In this section, critically evaluate the value of physical books for learners. Consider multimodality, haptics, human vision, and other factors when arguing for or against the value of physical books as indispensible resources. Remember to insert citations and references as evidence for the information you share.

### Advantages of online resources for learners

In this section, present evidence for the advantages of online resources, such as ebooks or digital journal articles, for learners and researchers. Remember to insert citations and references as evidence for the information you share.
# Open Science literacy in EAP/What might be the limitations or problematics surrounding the open sharing of research?

Go back to: Open Science literacy in EAP
Critically reflect on the limitations and potential problematics surrounding openly accessible knowledge. Think of an example for an Open Science platform or resource and then discuss their limitations as well as possible solutions to these limitations/ problems. Think of a concrete example and then edit a section on this page to describe this in more detail.
# Open Science literacy in EAP/What role have traditional libraries played in the overall development of Open Science?

Go back to home: Open Science literacy in EAP
This page is a collaborative effort to collect information about libraries and discuss their role in the dissemination of accessible knowledge. Please research this topic to the best of your abilities and then, with great care, edit the sections and subsections down below. Do not make changes to the headings, but feel free to add informational paragraphs beneath each heading or subheading. Don't forget to cite your sources by clicking "cite" and adding a citation. This will automatically appear in our collective Reference List at the bottom on this page.
# Open Science literacy in EAP/Katie's page

This is Katie's sample page. On here, I will demonstrate how students can link their own pages (assignment submissions) to the teacher's main Wikiversity page.

## Subheadings

Using the heading-function, students can structure their pages to be more audience-friendly.

## Text types

Students can write abstracts, essays, reflections, and other short texts right here, on this page.
The teacher can then edit the page and make comments, like so.:

## Reference list

Using the "Insert" function, students can add a reference list to their pages (see example below). This reminds students to take academic citation seriously, even when working in a fully-online, multimodal, and interactive space.
# Open Science literacy in EAP/What type of data or research might you want to self-archive rather than publish through peer-review?

Go back to: Open Science literacy in EAP
Think about work you have produced (fairly recently or even longer ago), and consider whether it might be worth sharing. Remember: You can generally share research by going down the route of peer-review and publication or you can self-archive your work on sites like Zenodo. If you want to self-archive original work which you created long ago, you might want to re-visit and update it first. Make sure that everything you self-archive is truly your own intellectual property, and remember to cite sources (whether academic or not) with due diligence.
# Open Source 3-D Printing/Adaptive Aid

Arthritis is a debilitating disease that effects a body's joints, causing pain, which in turn limits the forces patients can produce. According to the CDC, by 2040, an estimated 78 million (26%) US adults aged 18 years or older are projected to have doctor-diagnosed arthritis. For those who suffer from arthritis in the hands, even simple tasks such as opening jars can be cumbersome and painful, but most importantly, it can limit independence. Commercial systems are expensive . For example, a simple adaptive aid commercial spoon costs 10X what a normal spoon costs on Amazon. As we know distributed 3-D printing can often radically reduce costs. In this assignment we will leverage basic science and design to help those that are suffering from arthritis gain some independence at a low cost.

## Assignment

* Check mechanical properties of your filament using assigned specs from sheet handed out in class : print 5X horizontal ASTM_D638-14_Type4_FINAL.stl
* Identify an Arthritis aides or Arthritis products that you would like to design to be an open source 3D printable technology
* Make sure someone else has not already done it : Yeggi
* Reserve your product by signature tagging with ~~~~ in the next section 'project reservations'. You should add your own ideas to the list even if you already have one. More than one of you can tackle the same technology in a different way. You may also improve upon existing designs if you do so in a significant way. Do this today
* Design 3D printable components with ONLY OS CAD packages (e.g. Blender or OpenSCAD or FreeCAD)
* Publish a picture, stl and source code for your design on https://www.myminifactory.com/
* In the description on MyMiniFactory include the approximate cost of your print and then compare it to a commercial offering with their price.
* Add picture, and link to your project page in gallery below.
* Print component and 5 tensile test coupons and bring to class in bag - See due dates on syllabus

## Project reservations

* Also consider any of the projects at http://makersmakingchange.com/ , which could be redesigned.

## Grading

* 20% Print quality
* 30% Documentation
* 25% Design (design for printing, plastic minimization)
* 25% Function - Does it work?
Automatic reductions: -50% no source or the use of non-OS software -10% per day for late

## Gallery

Add your image and link the gallery below in a single line after the last one in the list
* Arthritis Adaptive Aid
* Economic Potential for Distributed Manufacturing of Adaptive Aids for Arthritis Patients in the U.S.

## Past work

* Nicole Gallup, Jennifer K. Bow, and Joshua M. Pearce. Economic Potential for Distributed Manufacturing of Adaptive Aids for Arthritis Patients in the U.S. Geriatrics 2018, 3(4), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics3040089 open access
** Video summary: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-jl4sLLnuQI
** Get help or help someone else - meet at Makers Making Change
# P-adic numbers

Notice: Incomplete

## Prerequisites

Decadic numbers
Number bases
Prime numbers

## The Problem with Decadic Numbers

Decadic numbers have an issue in which there's a number which can be infinitely divided by 5. The problem with that is that you can't divide numbers divisible by 2 or 5 (the factors of 10) normally, and you have to eliminate the factors first. Such a number can't have all of its factors of 5 eliminated, so let's just remove the problem!

## The Solution

Let's replace the number base with a prime number. This way, its only prime factor is the base itself. In order for a number to be infinitely divisible by its base, it would need to have an infinite number of trailing zeros, which would just make it 0, which already can't be divided by in the first place.

## Interesting Properties

5-adic numbers have a square root of -1.
| 5-adic representation | (number)^2 (5-adic representation) |
| 2 | 4 |
| 112 | 144 |
| 1014212 | 100444 |
| 2213013121212 | 2024444 |
| 11232431203131212 | 2040344444 |
| 302104021134042203431212 | 413221444444 |
| 322331343011143322442212431212 | 13244124444444 |
# P-18 Training

About the Open Source Learning Project
Lesson Plan
Student Guide
Cognitive Applications
# Selenography/New Selenography:LQ11
## Overview

{{{annotations}}}

## Craters

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |

## Standard features

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |
# Selenography/New Selenography:LQ08
## Overview

{{{annotations}}}

## Craters

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |

## Standard features

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |
# Selenography/New Selenography:LQ14
## Overview

{{{annotations}}}

## Craters

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |

## Standard features

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |
# Selenography/New Selenography:LQ09
## Overview

{{{annotations}}}

## Craters

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |

## Standard features

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |
# Selenography/New Selenography:LQ10
## Overview

{{{annotations}}}

## Craters

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |

## Standard features

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |
# Selenography/New Selenography:LQ12
## Overview

{{{annotations}}}

## Craters

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |

## Standard features

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |
# Selenography/New Selenography:LQ13
## Overview

{{{annotations}}}

## Craters

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |

## Standard features

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |
# Selenography/New Selenography:LQ05
## Overview

{{{annotations}}}

## Craters

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |

## Standard features

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |
# Selenography/New Selenography:LQ07
## Overview

{{{annotations}}}

## Craters

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |

## Standard features

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |
# Selenography/New Selenography:LQ06
## Overview

{{{annotations}}}

## Craters

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |

## Standard features

| Name | Latitude | Longitude | maps | Diameter,km | Type |
| shortname | xxx | xxx | | xxx | simple |
# Server-Side Scripting/Introduction/Python (Flask)
## Try It

Copy and paste the code above into the following free online development environment or use your own Python (Flask) compiler / interpreter / IDE.
* Repl.it

## See Also

* Flask
# WikiJournal Preprints/Disorganized Mind

WikiJournal Preprints Open access • Publication charge free • Public peer review
WikiJournal of Science
WikiJournal of Humanities
WikiJournal of PPB
Editorial guidelines Ethics statement Bylaws Indexing Financials and reports 1-year/3-year plan Proposed platform Meeting minutes Calendar
WikiJournal User Group is a publishing group of open-access, free-to-publish, Wikipedia-integrated academic journals. <seo title=" Wikiversity Journal User Group, WikiJournal Free to publish, Open access, Open-access, Non-profit, online journal, Public peer review "/>
This article is an unpublished pre-print not yet undergoing peer review.
To submit this article for peer review, please: Submit authorship declaration form
Create peer review location

## Article information

Author: Firstname Lastname
* ↑ email@address.com

## First Heading

Manuscript text goes here

### Subheading
## Additional information
### Acknowledgements

Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

### Competing interests

Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

### Ethics statement

An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.
# WikiJournal Preprints/Etymology of the word Mussulman

WikiJournal Preprints Open access • Publication charge free • Public peer review
WikiJournal of Science
WikiJournal of Humanities
WikiJournal of PPB
Editorial guidelines Ethics statement Bylaws Indexing Financials and reports 1-year/3-year plan Proposed platform Meeting minutes Calendar
WikiJournal User Group is a publishing group of open-access, free-to-publish, Wikipedia-integrated academic journals. <seo title=" Wikiversity Journal User Group, WikiJournal Free to publish, Open access, Open-access, Non-profit, online journal, Public peer review "/>
This article is an unpublished pre-print not yet undergoing peer review.
To submit this article for peer review, please: Submit authorship declaration form
Create peer review location

## Article information

Author: Firstname Lastname
* ↑ email@address.com

## History & origin

The first mention of any variant of the term Mussulman in a widely used European langauge was its Latin variant "Biserminorum", first mentioned in 1246 in an unidentified book by Giovanni da Pian del Carpine, the famous explorer. His unidentified book is mentioned as "Rec. de Voyages & c. (iv ed.)" on page 750.The term has had various mentions over the centuries from Latin, to English, Italian, and even French.

## Etymology

The word Mussulman likely stems from the Persian word "Muslimân", which was adopted as a singular, which thus formed the plural "Musalmān".

## Additional information
### Acknowledgements

Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

### Competing interests

Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

### Ethics statement

An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.
# Extensions to equations of physical quantities of quantum mechanical matter waves
## Author information

Author: Charles Ewan Milner
Author email address: charles.milner@outlook.com
Author ORCID iD link: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5580-1345

## Abstract

This paper explores the manipulation of equations for physical quantities of quantum mechanical matter waves which reveals interesting formulas for these quantities that use common physical quantities.

## Main Paper

In this paper, the following symbols shall represent their assigned physical quantities:
- $h$ – Planck constant (Ratio of the energy of a quantum mechanical wave to its frequency and product of the momentum of a matter wave and its wavelength)
- $f$ – Matter wave frequency
- $\lambda$ – Matter wavelength
- $E$ – Matter wave energy
- $v$ – Matter wave speed
- $p$ – Matter wave momentum
This paper shall use the well-known equations of physical quantities of general quantum mechanical and matter waves $v=f\lambda$, $E=hf$, and $p={\frac {h}{\lambda }}$. These equations can be manipulated to show alternative expressions for certain physical quantities of those waves. It can be found that:
${\frac {E}{p}}={\frac {hf}{\frac {h}{\lambda }}}=hf\cdot {\frac {\lambda }{h}}={\frac {hf\lambda }{h}}=f\lambda =v$,
$E={\frac {E}{p}}\cdot p=vp$,
${\frac {E}{v}}={\frac {vp}{v}}=p$,
${\frac {E}{\lambda }}={\frac {E}{\frac {v}{f}}}=E\cdot {\frac {f}{v}}={\frac {Ef}{v}}={\frac {vpf}{v}}=pf$,
and
${\frac {p}{v}}={\frac {\frac {E}{v}}{v}}={\frac {E}{v}}\cdot {\frac {1}{v}}={\frac {E}{v^{2}}}$. These equations show formulas for several physical quantities of quantum mechanical matter waves that can be expressed in alternative ways to well-known ones and use common physical quantities as part of them.
These equations show formulas for several physical quantities of quantum mechanical matter waves that can be expressed in alternative ways to well-known ones and use common physical quantities as part of them.

## Additional information
### Acknowledgements

This paper was authored by Charles Ewan Milner.

### Competing interests

There are no competing interests relating to this paper held by its authors.
# Programming Fundamentals/Functions/Go
## Try It

Copy and paste the code above into one of the following free online development environments or use your own Go compiler / interpreter / IDE.
* CodeChef
* Ideone
* GoLang.org
* paiza.IO
* repl.it
* TutorialsPoint

## See Also

* GoLang.org: Documentation
# Programming Fundamentals/Functions/Flowchart
## Try It
### Free Online Flowchart Tools

* Diagramo
* Diagrams.net (formerly Draw.io)
* Lucidchart

### Free Downloadable Flowchart IDEs

* Flowgorithm
* RAPTOR
* Visual Logic

## See Also

* MathsIsFun: Conversion of Temperature
* Flowgorithm
* Raptor (programming)
# Programming Fundamentals/Functions/Functions

A function is a sequence of program instructions that performs a specific task, packaged as a unit. Depending on the programming language, a function may be called a subroutine, a procedure, a routine, a method, or a subprogram. The generic term, callable unit, is sometimes used. This activity introduces functions. This activity will help you understand how to use functions in a program.

## Objectives

* Understand function concepts.
* Understand how functions are specified in a program.
* Single-step through a program to observe function execution.

## Prerequisites

Learners should already be familiar with a visual programming environment.

## Introduction

Review the flowchart example on the right.

### Questions

* What flowcharting symbol is used to call a function?
* What syntax is used to call a function?
* What naming convention is used to identify functions?

## Activity

With a partner, perform the following:
* Using a visual programming language, create a program matching the flowchart on the right.
* Save the program.
* Test the program to verify that it works correctly.
* Trade places, so that both partners have an opportunity to "drive" the visual programming environment.
* Change the environment to use a slow run speed and/or step through the program one shape at a time.
* Working together, create a list of function names that would be used to follow the input-process-output model and convert Fahrenheit temperature to Celsius.

## Applications

* Identify specific steps which must be followed when creating a program using functions.
* Discuss your activity experience with your classmates. What surprised you? What have you learned that you can apply to your own school or work environment?
# Programming Fundamentals/Functions/Clojure
## Try It

Copy and paste the code above into one of the following free online development environments or use your own Clojure compiler / interpreter / IDE.
* CodeChef
* Ideone
* paiza.IO
* repl.it
* RexTester
* TutorialsPoint

## See Also

* Wikibooks: Clojure Programming
* TutorialsPoint: Clojure
* ClojureDocs: Clojure Core
# Programming Fundamentals/Functions/Java
## Try It

Copy and paste the code above into one of the following free online development environments or use your own Java compiler / interpreter / IDE.
* CodeChef
* GDB Online
* Ideone
* InterviewBit
* paiza.IO
* PythonTutor
* repl.it
* TutorialsPoint

## See Also

* Wikibooks: Java Programming
# Programming Fundamentals/Functions/JavaScript
## Try It

Copy and paste the code above into one of the following free online development environments or use your own JavaScript compiler / interpreter / IDE.
* Chapman.edu: Online JavaScript Interpreter
* CodeChef
* GDB Online
* Ideone
* JS.do
* paiza.IO
* PythonTutor
* repl.it

## See Also

* Wikibooks: JavaScript