OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plectrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLECTRUM (πλῆκτρον). Properly a Greek word, which, in its primitive sense, means a thing that is used to strike with (from πλήσσω, to strike); whence in both languages it is specially used to designate a short stick or quill with which the chords of a stringed instrument were struck, by inserting the end between the strings, or running it over them, when required. (Cic. N. D. ii. 59.) The instrument itself is shown on the left side of the illustration (Plectrum/1.1), from a Pompeian painting; and the manner of using it, by the figure annexed, from an ancient Roman fresco preserved in the Vatican, who twangs the strings of a lyre with the fingers of her left hand, and strikes them with a plectrum in her right.
2. Poetically applied to the handle (ansa), or to the tiller (clavus) of a rudder. Sil. Ital. xiv. 402. Ib. 548. See GUBERNACULUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plinthis

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLIN'THIS (πλινθίς). Diminutive of PLINTHUS. Vitruv. iii. 3. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plinthium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLIN'THIUM (πλινθίον). A sun-dial described upon a flat slab, laid horizontally, like a plinth. Vitruv. ix. 8.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plinthus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLIN'THUS (πλίνθος). The ordinary Greek name for a brick or a tile; whence the word was adopted by the Roman architects to designate the lowest member (Plinthus/1.1) in the base of a column, our plinth, which is a square slab, like a thick tile, placed under the lowest torus, and supposed to have originated from the necessity of placing a large flat surface under the column to prevent it from rotting, when formed of wood, or from penetrating too far into the ground, if stone. Vitruv. iv. 7. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plostellum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLOSTEL'LUM (ἁμαξίς). Diminutive of PLAUSTRUM; consequently applicable to any cart of the construction explained under that word, but of less than the usual size, like the annexed example (Plostellum/1.1), from an engraved gem, which is fitted for the draught of goats instead of oxen (Augustin. C. D. vii. 21. Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 247., in which passage the diminutive is applied to a toy with mice harnessed to it).
2. Plostellum punicum. A threshing machine, or sort of sledge cart invented by the Carthaginians, and from them adopted into Italy and other countries. It consisted of a wooden frame, like a sledge, into which a certain number of rollers, set round with projecting teeth, were fitted; these threshed out the corn as they turned round when drawn over the floor by the cattle attached to the machine, which was further weighted by the driver, who sat in a sort of frame or chair placed on it. (Varro, R. R. i. 51. 2.) The preceding account from Varro describes so exactly a contrivance still used in Egypt for the same purpose, called the "Noreg," and represented in the annexed illustration (Plostellum/2.1), as to leave no doubt respecting the identity of the original one.
* Plostellum/1.1
* Plostellum/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ploxemum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLOX'EMUM, PLOX'EMUS, PLOX'IMUS or PLOX'ENUS. The body part of a two-wheeled carriage or gig (cisium), which was made or covered with leather. (Catull. 97. 6. Festus s. v.) According to Quintilian (i. 5. 8.), the term was a provincial one, which Catullus learnt amongst the districts bordering on the river Po; an opinion in some measure corroborated by the annexed engraving (Ploxemum/1.1), from an ancient sepulchral marble now preserved in the Museum at Verona, which closey resembles a very peculiar description of one-horse carriage, still commonly used in the same parts of the Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, where it goes by the name of a "Padovanino."
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plumae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLUMAE. The scales in a corslet or cuirass, when formed in imitation of a bird's feathers, as in the annexed illustration (Plumae/1.1), from a bas-relief which originally decorated the arch of Trajan, from whence it was removed by Constantine to the one which bears his name. Virg. Aen. xi. 771. Sallust. Fragm. ap. Serv. ad l.
2. Ornaments, either embroidered, or sewed on, or woven into the fabric of a piece of cloth, serving as a coverlet to a pillow, cushion, or other object, in order to produce a rich and fanciful pattern. (Mart. xiv. 146. Prop. iii. 7. 50.) It has not been satisfactorily ascertained what these plumae were, whether ornaments of gold, or tapestry patterns, or real feathers of different colours sewed on the fabric in the same manner as now practised in India and China. Professor Becker inclines to the latter interpretation (Gallus. p. 9. n. 15. Lond. 1844.).
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plumarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLUMA'RIUS. One who followed the art of making plumae, as explained in the preceding paragraph (Vitruv. vi. 4. Varro. ap. Non. s. v. p. 162.); but as the real nature of those ornaments is yet undecided, it is impossible to declare in what precisely his art consisted.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plumatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLUMA'TUS. 1. Covered with scales in the form of bird's feathers (Justin. xli. 2.), as shown by the preceding illustration.
2. Decorated with the ornaments termed plumae. Lucan. x. 125. Pet. Sat. 55. 5. See PLUMAE, 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Plumbum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLUMBUM (μόλυβδος). Lead; whence used as a special name for various articles made of that metal: — as
1. A leaden water-pipe. Hor. Ep. i. 10. 20. Stat. Silv. i. 3. 67. See FISTULA, 1.
2. A leaden plummet, employed as a bullet to be cast from a sling. Ov. Met. ii. 727. See GLANS.
3. A whip with lumps of metal knotted into the thongs, employed for punishing slaves. Prudent. περὶ στεφ. x. 116. Compare Cod. Theodos. 9. 35. 2.; and see the illustration s. FLAGRUM, 1.
4. A leaden plummet for drawing lines (Catull. 22. 8.); corresponding in use with our own, but differing in form and character: for amongst the ancients these articles were made out of a small round plate, instead of a long pipe; a much more convenient form, requiring no cutting, less apt to get bent, or to scratch the parchment. Salmas. ad Solin. p. 644. Beckman. History of Inventions, vol. ii. p. 389. Lond. 1846.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pluteus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PLUT'EUS and PLUT'EUM. In a general sense any thing made of boards, hurdles, &c., joined together in order to form a cover or give support; whence the following specific meanings are deduced: —
1. (θωράκιον). A breastwork of boarding which served to screen the assailants of fortified places from the missiles and attacks of the enemy, whilst making their approaches, preparatory to an assault. For this purpose they were advanced in front of the storming parties, placed upon the military engines and moveable towers, or planted round the spot where earthworks were being thrown up. Caes. B. G. vii. 41. Id. B. C. i. 25. ii. 15. Liv. x. 38. Ammian. xxi. 12.
2. A moveable tower with a roof overhead, made of boards or hurdles covered with raw hides, or hair cloth, and fixed upon wheels, under the shelter of which a besieging party could advance close up to the walls of a beleaguered fortress, and clear it from its defenders before commencing the escalade. Veget. Mil. iv. 15. Vitruv. x. 15.
3. The back board of a bed, opposite to the sponda, or side at which the parties got in, which is plainly exhibited in the annexed example (Pluteus/3.1) from a Roman bas-relief. Mart. iii. 91. 10.
4. The raised end of a tricliniary couch, in the form of a French sofa, which was placed towards the table, for the upper part of the occupant to rest against, whilst his legs and feet were stretched out to its opposite extremity, as plainly shown by the annexed illustration (Pluteus/4.1), from a Roman bas-relief. Suet. Cal. 26.
5. A dwarf wall closing up the lower portions of an intercolumniation (Vitruv. iv. 4. 1.), or placed as a parapet upon the upper stories of an edifice (Vitruv. v. 1. 5.), to preclude the danger of falling over, as seen in the annexed engraving (Pluteus/5.1) from the Vatican Virgil, representing Dido watching the departure of Aeneas from the upper story of her palace.
6. A shelf, affixed to the walls of a room, upon which articles of common use were deposited for convenience, or objects of luxury displayed for ornament (Juv. ii. 7. Pers. i. 106. Ulp. Dig. 29. 1. 17.). The example (Pluteus/6.1), from a painting of Herculaneum, represents a shelf fastened to the wall in a shoemaker's shop, upon which a number of lasts are deposited.
7. A board upon which a corpse is laid out. Mart. viii. 44. 13.
* Pluteus/3.1
* Pluteus/4.1
* Pluteus/5.1
* Pluteus/6.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pnigeus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PNI'GEUS (πνιγεύς). A damper made in the shape of an inverted funnel, and intended to stop or suppress the rising air in a water organ. Vitruv. x. 8. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pocillator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POCILLA'TOR (οἰνοχόος). A young slave who filled the wine cups (pocilla), and handed them to the guests. Apul. Met. x. p. 233. Same as PINCERNA; which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pocillum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POCI'LLUM. Diminutive of POCULUM. Liv. x. 42. Suet. Vesp. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Poculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PO'CULUM (ποτήρ, ποτήριον). A general term for any description of vessel employed as a drinking-cup, and thus including all the special ones which are enumerated in the list of the Classed Index. Virg. Ov. Tibull. Hor. &c.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Poderes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PODE'RES or PODE'RIS (ποδήρης). Literally reaching down to the feet; a Greek word, applied adjectively in that language to any garment of the dimensions stated, for which the genuine Latin expression is TALARIS; but the writers of the Christian period made use of the term in a substantive sense to designate a long linen robe, fitting close to the body and reaching to the feet, which was worn by the Jewish priests. Isidor. Orig. xix. 21. 2. Tertull. adv. Jud. 11.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Podium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POD'IUM. A low basement, projecting like a step from the wall of a room or building, and intended to form a raised platform for the convenience of depositing other articles upon; as, for instance, a row of bee-hives (Pallad. i. 38. 2.); a number of wine casks in a cellar (Id. i. 18. 2.); or any object whether of ornament or use, such as shown by the annexed illustration (Podium/1.1), representing the interior of a tomb at Pompeii, on which three cinerary urns are situated.
2. In an amphitheatre or a circus, a basement raised about eighteen feet above the level of the arena, which it circumscribed, intended for the occupation of the emperor, the curule magistrates, and the Vestal virgins, who sat there upon their ivory stools (sellae curules). Suet. Nero, 12. Juv. ii. 147. See the section of the amphitheatre at Pola, p. 29., on which the podium is marked A.
3. A socle or zocle in architecture; i. e. a projecting basement on the outside of a building, serving to raise pedestals, or to support vases or other ornaments, being itself plain, without either cornice or base. Vitruv. iii. 4. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pollinctor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POLLINC'TOR. One of the undertaker's men whose business it was to wash and anoint a corpse, and prepare it for burial, or for the funeral pile. He was a slave of the Libitinarius. Varro and Plaut. ap. Non. s. v. p. 157. Mart. x. 97. Ulp. Dig. 14. 3. 5.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pollubrum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POLLU'BRUM and POLU'BRUM. An old name for the basin employed in ablution of the hands and feet before and after meals. It was held by a slave in his left hand underneath the feet or hands extended over it, to catch the water poured down upon them from a jug in the right. At a subsequent period a vessel termed trulleum was invented for the same object. Non. s. v. p. 544. Liv. Andron. and Fabius Pictor, l. c.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Polyandrion

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POLYAN'DRION (πολυάνδριον). A place in which many people are buried. Arnob. 6. p. 194. Inscript. ap. Pitisc. s. v.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Polymitus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POLYMI'TUS (πολύμιτος). Literally woven by the assistance of many leashes (μίτος, licia); thence by implication figured with various patterns, like our damask, for the manufacture of which a great number of leashes are requisite, in order that the threads of the warp may be opened in many different ways; for it is by this means that all varieties in the pattern of stuffs are made. Plin. H. N. viii. 74. Mart. xiv. 150.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Polymyxos

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POLYMYX'OS (πολύμυξος). See LUCERNA, 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Polyptycha

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POLYP'TYCHA (πολύπτυχα). A set of tablets consisting of many leaves. Veg. Mil. ii. 19. Cassiodor. Var. Ep. v. 14. See CERA, 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Polyspaston

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POLYSPA'STON (πολύσπαστον). A contrivance for raising weights by the assistance of many pulleys (orbiculi) set in a case (trochlea). Vitruv. x. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pondus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PO'NDUS (σταθμός). A weight, for weighing objects in a pair of scales (Liv. v. 48. Ulp. Dig. 19. 1. 32). The illustration (Pondus/1.1) represents an original found at Herculaneum, similar to the larger weights in use amongst ourselves; but sets of smaller ones, made to stand upon a counter, and divided into fractional parts which fit into one another, like those commonly employed in our retail shops, have also been found in the same city.
2. A weight fastened to the extremities of the warp threads (stamina) in an upright loom (Senec. Ep. 90.), for the purpose of keeping them steady, and imparting a sufficient degree of tension to the warp, while the woof (subtemen) was driven home and compressed by the comb (pecten) or batten (spatha). The ancient method of fixing these weights is shown by the illustration (Pondus/2.1) representing a loom of very primitive construction, still employed in Iceland (Schneider, Index R. R. Script. s. Tela), in which they are composed of large stones tied by a number of threads collected into separate parcels. In modern weavings, weights are placed upon the yarn beam for a similar purpose.
* Pondus/1.1
* Pondus/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ponticulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PONTIC'ULUS. Diminutive of PONS. Cic. Tusc. v. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Pontifex

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PO'NTIFEX (γεφυροποιός). A pontiff; that is, a member of the principal order of Roman priests, to whom the superintendence of the state religion and its ceremonies was entrusted. The head of the order was styled "chief pontiff" (Pontifex Maximus, ἱεροφάντης). On coins and marbles the pontiffs are distinguished by the following implements of worship, placed as symbols by their sides: — the simpulum, securis, apex, and an aspersoir, or whisk for sprinkling the lustral water, designated aspergillum by modern writers; but the real Latin name of which has not come down to us. The chief pontiff is in most instances accompanied with the adjunct of a simpulum only; though, sometimes a securis or a secespita is added.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ponto

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
PONTO. A large flat-bottomed craft, more especially employed by the Gauls (Caes. B. C. iii. 29.), and intended for the transport of passengers, soldiers, or cattle across rivers (Paul. Dig. 8. 3. 38. Isidor. Orig. xix. 1. 24.). The example (Ponto/1.1) is from a painting in the Nasonian sepulchre; and the illustration on the opposite column exhibits a man on horseback entering a vessel of the nature described.
2. A pontoon, formed by a flooring, of planks laid between two boats with sharp heads (lintres), so as to form a floating bridge for transport across a river It was attached by a running rope, sliding on a transverse one, stretched over-head athwart the stream, and thus driven over by the simple action of the current, as still seen on the Po, Tiber, and other large rivers. Auson. Idyll. xii. 20.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Popanum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POP'ANUM (πόπανον). A flat round cake used at sacrifices. Juv. vi. 541. Aristoph. Thesm. 285. Suidas.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Popa

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
POPA (θύτης). The minister who conducted a victim to the altar, and knocked it down with a mallet, or with the bluff side of an axe, as contradistinguished from the cultrarius, who dispatched it with the sacrificial knife. He wore a short apron or kilt from the waist to the knees (whence styled succinctus. Suet., Cal. 32. Prop. iv. 3. 62.); the upper part of his person being naked, as in the annexed example (Popa/1.1) from a Roman bas-relief. The manner of giving the blow is shown by the illustration s. VICTIMARII.