OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Umbilicus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UMBILI'CUS (ὀμφαλός). Literally, the navel; whence applied to other objects which have some external resemblance to the appearance of the navel, or to its position as the central part of the body; as —
1. The extreme end of the cylinder upon which an ancient book was rolled, and which, with the sheet folded round it, presents considerable resemblance to the human navel, as exhibited by the extremity on the left side of the annexed example (Umbilicus/1.1), representing a book half unrolled, from a painting at Herculaneum. Many writers consider that the umbilici and cornua were the same thing, only designated by different terms; but there is good reason for believing that they were not precisely so. When a sheet was completely filled with writing, a stick was attached to the end of the sheet, round which the entire length was rolled. In the MSS. found at Herculaneum, these sticks do not project beyond the edges of the sheet on either side, but have their extremities in the same plane with it, as represented by the illustration. In ordinary libraries, or for volumes intended to be placed in a capsa, where any addition to the length would have been inconvenient, it seems probable that the roll was complete in this state, with the exception of merely having the end of the stick painted (Mart. iii. 2. v. 6.), which suggested the resemblance to a navel, and accurately received the name of umbilicus. But persons who were particular about the ornamental appearance of their books, added bosses (bullae) to the ends of the stick, which projected beyond the roll on each side, like the bursting horns of a heifer, when the umbilici so adorned would receive the name of cornua. Thus the two terms may be considered to a certain extent, or in some senses, as convertible ones; especially where they are used figuratively to designate the end of a book (Hor. Epod. xiv. 6. Mart. iv. 91. xi. 107.), where the cylinder, whose extremities they formed, was affixed.
2. The pin or index in the centre of a sun-dial (Plin. H. N. vi. 39.); otherwise termed GNOMON, which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Umbo

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UMBO (ἄμβων). In a general sense, applied to anything rising or projecting from another surface, more especially when such projection possesses a round or conical figure; whence the following distinctive meanings:
1. (ὀμφαλός). A knob or boss projecting from the centre of a shield (Virg. Aen. ii. 544.), which served to turn off missiles discharged from a distance, or as a sort of offensive weapon at close quarters (Liv. iv. 19.); but the term is also frequently used by a figure of speech for the entire shield itself. The example (Umbo/1.1) is from the Vatican Virgil.
2. A prominent bunch of folds in front of the chest, produced by drawing up a portion of the left side of the toga from the feet, and fixing it in place by turning it over the belt formed across the breast by the upper sinus, where it forms a thick round mass of folds, standing out from the rest of the drapery like the boss from a shield, as exhibited by the part marked 5. in the annexed illustration (Umbo/2.1) from a statue of the Villa Pamfili at Rome. Tertull. Pall. 5. Pers. v. 33.; but in the last passage the term is applied in a figurative sense to the toga itself.
3. The kerb stone, which forms a raised margin to the trottoir or foot-pavement, on each side of a road or street, as shown by the annexed illustration (Umbo/3.1) representing part of the road way near the entrance to Pompeii from Herculaneum.
* Umbo/1.1
* Umbo/2.1
* Umbo/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Umbraculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UMBRA'CULUM. Same as UMBELLA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Umbrae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UMBRAE. The shades or spirits of departed beings in the nether world. The ancients believed that the spirit of the human body descended into subterranean regions after life was extinct, and there retained the same figure and appearance it had possessed during life, so as to be recognizable to the relatives and friends who followed it, but without any real corporeal substance; or, in other words, that it was visible but impalpable. Those who had passed a life of virtue were removed to Elysium, where they continued in the enjoyment of perpetual youth, partaking the intercourse of such friends and relatives as had obtained the same lot; those, on the contrary, who had lived in vice were removed to Tartarus, where they wore out an existence of perpetual punishment. (Serv. ad Virg. Aen. iv. 654. Tibull. iii. 2. 9. Lucret. i. 120. Hor. Od. iv. 7. 14.) Hence the poets and artists always invest the shades with a corporeal form, and with the same appearances which the body presented during life, as shown by the illustration (Umbrae/1.1), which represents the shade of Deiphobus, in the Vatican Virgil, mutilated as he was by the Greeks at the taking of Troy.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Uncia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UN'CIA (οὐγκία). An ounce; the twelfth part of any whole; hence a copper coin of the Romans, equal in value to one-twelfth of an As. (Varro, L. L. v. 171.) Its value was denoted by a single ball, as in the annexed example (Uncia/1.1), from an original, reduced to one-third of the real size.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Unctorium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UNCTO'RIUM. A chamber where the unguents were kept, in a set of baths, and in which the bathers were anointed. (Plin. Ep. ii. 17. 11., but the reading is doubtful.) See ELAEOTHESIUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Unctor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UNCTOR. (Quint. xi. 3. 26. Mart. vii. 32.) Same as ALIPTES; which see.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Uncus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UNCUS (ὄγκος). Literally, a bend or curve; whence applied to objects formed in that figure; especially a hook with which the executioner dragged up the corpse of a malefactor from the subterranean dungeon (carnificina) in which he was put to death, on to the Gemonian stairs, or into the Tiber. Cic. R. Perd. 5. Juv. x. 66. Ov. Ibis. 166.
2. The fluke of an anchor. Val. Flacc. ii. 428. ANCORA. DENS, 1.
3. A surgical instrument employed by accoucheurs. Cels. vii. 29.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Unguentarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UNGUENTA'RIUS (μυροπώλης). A maker and vendor of scents and unguents. Cic. Off. i. 42. Hor. Sat. ii. 3. 228.
2. Unguentaria taberna. A perfumer's shop. Varro, L. L. viii. 55. Suet. Aug. 4.
3. Ungentarium sc. vas. A scent-bottle or vase for holding fine unguents and perfumes (Plin. H. N. xxxvi. 12.). They were made of alabaster, and pietre dure, or glass, of which latter material several specimens in different forms and sizes, are exhibited by the illustrations (Unguentarius/3.1), all from originals preserved in the Museum at Naples.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Urceolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UR'CEOLUS. (Juv. iii. 203.) Diminutive of URCEUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Urceus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
URCEUS. A vessel with handles (Mart. xiv. 106.), generally made of earthenware (Hor. A. P. 21. Mart. l. c.), and chiefly used as a ewer for filling other vessels with water. (Varro ap. Non. s. TRULLEUM, p. 547. Paul. Dig. 33. 7. 18.) It is probably allied to ὕρχα and Orcha; but there are no sufficient data by which to determine its precise form.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Urinator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
URINA'TOR (κολυμβητής, ἀρνευτήρ). A diver, trained to swim under water, for the purpose of recovering articles lost by shipwreck; sometimes taken on board ships to assist in raising the anchor, or to damage the hull of an enemy's vessel in action. Liv. xliv. 10. Callistrat. Dig. 14. 2. 4. Compare Manil. v. 431 — 435. Lucan. iii. 697 — 708.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Urnarium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
URNA'RIUM. A square slab or table in a Roman kitchen and in the baths, on which the water-cans and pitchers (urnae) were disposed. (Varro, L. L. v. 126. Id. ap. Non. s. v. p. 544.) In modern Italy, a similar convenience now goes by the name of secchiario, from secchia, a water-pail, which is usually formed of marble, with a hole through which the drippings and spilled water drain off, and doubtless corresponds with the Roman urnarium, and our kitchen sink.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Urna

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UR'NA (κάλπις). An urn; a narrow-necked, full-bodied pitcher, in which water was fetched from the fountain or river (Juv. i. 164. Senec. H. F. 757.), whence usually ascribed by poets and artists as an appropriate emblem to the river gods. (Virg. Aen. vii. 792. Sil. Ital. i. 407.) It was made of earthenware or metal, and carried on the top of the head (Ov. Fast. iii. 14.), or on the shoulder (Prop. iv. 11. 28.), in the manner still commonly practised by the women of Italy and Egypt; for which purpose it was furnished with three handles, as exhibited by the annexed engraving (Urna/1.1) from an original of earthenware, — two at the sides, to assist in raising it, and one at the neck, by which it was held on the shoulder, or kept steady when tilted for pouring out.
2. A vessel of similar form and character, employed as a cinerary urn, in which the ashes and dust collected from the funeral pile were enclosed, when deposited in the sepulchral chamber. (Ov. Trist. iii. 3. 65. Id. Her. xi. 124. Suet. Cal. 15. Wood-cut s. SEPULCRUM, 2.) They were made of baked earth, alabaster, marble, or glass; of which last material the annexed example (Urna/2.1) affords a specimen, from an original discovered at Pompeii, half filled with a liquid in which the fragments of bones and ashes are still perceivable.
3. A vessel of similar form and character, employed for drawing lots at the Comitia, &c. (Val. Max. vi. 3. 4. Cic. Verr. ii. 2. 17.), used for collecting the votes or sentence pronounced by the judges in a court of law, &c. (Cic. Q. Fr. ii. 6. Hor. Sat. ii. 1. 47. Ov. Met. xv. 44.) The lots or tablets were thrown into the vessel filled with water, and then shaken (urna versatur. Hor. Od. ii. 3. 26. Compare Virg. Aen. vi. 432. Stat. Sylv. ii. 1. 219.), and as the neck of the urn was narrow, only a single lot could come to the surface, or be drawn out at a time. The illustration (Urna/3.1), which, it will be observed, exhibits the same characteristic features in regard to form as the other examples, is copied from the device on a coin of the Cassian family.
4. A liquid measure containing four congii or half an amphora; also the vessel that holds the quantity, probably possessing the same characteristic forms as those described above. Cato, R. R. x. and xiii. Juv. xv. 25.
* Urna/1.1
* Urna/2.1
* Urna/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Urnula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UR'NULA (κάλπιον). Diminutive of Urna. Cic. Par. i. 3. Spart. Sev. 24.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Urpex

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
URPEX. See IRPEX.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Urvum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
URVUM or URBUM. The curved part of a plough, the plough-tail; more commonly termed BURA. Varro, L. L. v. 135. Pompon. Dig. 50. 16. 239.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ustor

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
USTOR (νεκροκαύστης). One of the undertaker's men, whose business it was to lay out a corpse upon the pyre, and burn it (Mart. iii. 93.); usually spoken of in terms of detraction, with such epithets as semirasus (Catull. 59. 4.), or sordidus (Lucan. viii. 738.); thus indicating that the employment was looked upon as mean and derogatory. The illustration (Ustor/1.1) represents a slave arranging the legs of a corpse upon the pyre, before setting light to it, from a marble bas-relief.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Ustrina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
USTRI'NA and -UM. A place where the dead body was burnt, apart from the sepulchre in which the ashes were deposited, as contradistinguished from Bustum, which was contained within the sepulchral enclosure. (Festus s. BUSTUM. Inscript. ap. Mur. 1345. 12. ap. Orelli. 4384, 4385.) Thus it would appear that the ustrinum was a public burning-ground, to which the bodies of persons not sufficiently wealthy to acquire a piece of land for the purpose contiguous to their own sepulchres were carried by their surviving relatives, and burnt, their ashes being afterwards transported to the family tomb. In such cases a convenience of this nature was absolutely necessary, as the law prohibited the lighting of a pyre within a certain distance of another man's monument. Considerable remains are still extant of a grand burning place on the Appian Way, about five miles from Rome. It was surrounded on two sides by a high wall of masonry, constructed in the Etruscan style of peperino stone, and flagged with the same material, which possesses particular powers for resisting the action of fire. One wall is 200 feet in length, the other 350. On the side towards the street, there were spacious porticos for the shelter of spectators, or persons attending the funeral procession; and at the back, several apartments for those who had the custody of the place, as well as magazines for storing wood, and for keeping the various instruments and utensils employed at the conflagration.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Uter

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
U'TER (ἀσκός). A large bag made of goat-skin, pig-skin, or ox-hide, sewed up at one side, and having the sutures carefully stopped with a coating of pitch, so as to adapt it for containing liquids, or to be inflated with air. Plin. H. N. xxviii. 73. Ov. Am. iii. 12. 29. Caes. B. C. i. 48.
2. Uter vini. A wine-skin (Plaut. Truc. v. 11.); mostly employed for transporting wine in body from place to place, but in very early times the wine was actually brought into the dining-room in a skin (Varro ap. Non. s. Cupa, p. 544.), and the cups filled out of it, in the manner shown by the annexed illustration (Uter/2.1), from a painting at Pompeii, which represents a female pouring wine out of a skin into a cantharus held by Silenus.
3. Uter unctus. A goat-skin, greased on the outside and inflated with air, which the rural population of Attica used to dance or jump upon, for a rustic sport, on the second day of the festival of Bacchus, termed Ascolia (Ἀσκώλια), as represented by the annexed illustration (Uter/3.1) from an engraved gem. Virg. Georg. ii. 384.
* Uter/2.1
* Uter/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Utrarii

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UTRA'RII. Water carriers, who supplied an army on its march with water, which they carried in skins (UTRES). Liv. xliv. 33.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Utricularius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UTRICULA'RIUS (ἀσκαύλης). (Suet. Nero, 54.) A bag-piper. Same as ASCAULES, under which term an illustration is given.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Utriculus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
UTRIC'ULUS (ἀσκίδιον). Diminutive of UTER. Celsus, ii. 17.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vacerra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VACERRA. A post for fastening horses to (Festus, s. v.); whence, in the plural, a strong fence made of uprights and cross-bars to confine cattle; an ox-fence. Columell. vi. 19. 2. ix. 1. 3. ix. 1. 9.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vagina

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VAGI'NA (ξιφοθήκη, κολεός). The scabbard of a sword (Cic. Virg. Hor. Ov.); usually made of different kinds of wood, box, elm, oak, ash, &c., and sometimes, perhaps, of leather, as the Greek name κολεός (Latin culeus) seems to imply. The illustration (Vagina/1.1) exhibits an original sword found at Pompeii, in its scabbard, which consists of a wooden case, covered with a thin plate of metal, studded with knobs of bronze.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vallatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VALLA'TUS. Protected by a vallum. Hirt. B. Alex. 27.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vallum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VALLUM (χαράκωμα). A palisade, made by the stocks of young trees with their lateral branches shortened and sharpened at the point, so as to form a sort of chevaux de frize; usually planted by the Greeks and Romans on the outer edge of the mound of earth (agger) thrown up as a rampart round their camps (Liv. xxxiii. 5. Polyb. xvii. 1. 1.); whence the term is frequently used to designate collectively the mound of earth with the palisade upon it. In the illustration a p. 16., from Trajan's column, the vallum is formed by mere straight poles sharpened at the top, which must be regarded as a caprice of the artist, or else the ancient practice had been departed from at the period when those sculptures were designed.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Vallus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
VALLUS (χάραξ). A single stake with short-pointed branches left on its stock, employed as a prop; but more especially for forming the vallum, or chevaux de frize, upon the mound of a camp, several of which, ready prepared, were carried by every Roman soldier in the field. Cic. Tusc. ii. 17. Liv. lvii. Epit.
2. Same as VALLUM. Caes. B. C. iii. 63.
3. A large wooden fork in the shape of the letter V, set with teeth, and attached to the front of a truck (vehiculum), which was employed as a reaping-machine by the people of Gaul. It was driven into the standing corn by a single ox, harnessed to a pair of shafts (amites) at the back, so that it nicked off the ears between the forks, and collected them in the truck as it advanced. Plin. H. N. xviii. 72. Compare Pallad. vii. 2. 2.
4. The tooth of a comb. Ov. Am. i. 14, 15. PECTEN.
5. (λικνάριον). In the feminine gender, diminutive of VANNUS; a small winnowing-basket. Varro, R. R. i. 23. 5. Ib. 52. 2.