OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Diogmitae

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIOGMI'TAE. A body of light-armed troops employed under the empire, and stationed upon the confines to prevent incursions, pursue robbers, &c. Ammian. xxvii. 9. 6. Capitolin. Anton. Philosoph. 21.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Dioptra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIOP'TRA (δίοπτρα). A geometrical instrument employed in measuring the altitude of distant objects; for taking the levels of a source of water intended to be conveyed to a distance by means of an aqueduct, and similar purposes. Vitruv. viii. 5. 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Diota

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DIO'TA (δίωτα). A Greek word, meaning literally with two ears; and thence employed both in the Greek and Latin languages, as a general term for any vessel which is furnished with two handles, like the amphora, lagena, &c.; especially such as were intended for the preservation of wine in store (Hor. Od. i. 9. 8.), to which purpose the original depicted in the annexed engraving (Diota/1.1) was applied; for it is carried by a Faun, attending upon Bacchus, on a fictile vase of the Neapolitan Museum.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Diplinthius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIPLINTH'IUS. Two bricks thick. Vitruv. ii. 8.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Diplois

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIP'LOIS (διπλοἷς, δίπλαξ). A doubled cloak; i. e. a pallium, or other article of the outward apparel (amictus), which, when put on, was partly doubled back in the same manner as women do their shawls, in consequence of being too large to be conveniently worn single. It belonged to the Grecian costume (Isidor. Orig. xix. 24. 11.), was affected by the Cynic philosophers (Hor. Ep. i. 17. 25. Acron. ad l.), and is very clearly represented in the annexed figure (Diplois/1.1) of Juno, from a fictile vase, as well as on a statue of Minerva in the Vatican. Mus. Pio-Clem. iii. 37.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Diplomarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIPLOMA'RIUS. A public courier or state messenger; i. e. who was furnished with a public passport (diploma). Inscript. ap. Orelli, 2917.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Diploma

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIPLO'MA (δίπλωμα). A sort of passport, consisting of two leaves (whence the name originated), which was given to a messenger or other person travelling upon public business, in order that he might readily obtain every thing necessary on his journey, without delay or hindrance. Cic. Fam. vi. 12. Plin. Ep. x. 31. Capitolin. Pertin. 1.
2. A diploma, or document drawn up by a chief magistrate, which conferred some particular privilege upon the person to whom it was given. Suet. Nero, 12.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Dipteros

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIP'TEROS (δίπτερος). Literally with two wings (Dipteros/1.1); whence employed by architects to designate a temple or other edifice which has a double row of columns all round. Vitruv. iii. 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Diptycha

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIP'TYCHA (δίπτυχα). Folding tablets (Diptycha/1.1), consisting of two leaves connected by a string or by hinges, which shut up like the covers of a book, or of a modern backgammon board. (Schol. Vet. ad Juv. ix. 36.) The outside presented a plain surface of wood; the inside had a raised margin all round, within which a coat of wax was spread for writing on with a steel point (stilus), while the margin preserved the wax and letters from abrasion by coming into contact.
2. Diptycha consularia, praetoria, aedilitia. Tablets of similar form, but containing the names and portraits of consuls, praetors, aediles, and other magistrates, which they presented to their friends, and distributed amongst the people on the day of entering upon their respective offices. (Symmach. Ep. ii. 80. Id. v. 54. Cod. Theodos. 15. 9. 1.) Many diptychs of this description in wood and ivory are preserved in the cabinets of antiquities, and have been engraved by Maffei, Mus. Veronens., and Donati, Dittici Antichi, but the details are too minute and elaborate for insertion in these columns.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Diribitores

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIRIBITO'RES. Officers who had charge of the balloting boxes at the Roman Comitia. It was their duty to sort the votes of the different tribes at the conclusion of the ballot, and then hand them over to the scrutineers (custodes), who pricked off the respective numbers, and declared the result. Cic. in Senat. 11. Id. Pis. 15.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Diribitorium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIRIBITO'RIUM. A room or building, supposed to have been originally constructed for the diribitores to sort the votes at the Comitia; but subsequently the same place, or a similar one, was set apart for the use of the officers engaged in examining the muster roll of the army, distributing the pay, and assigning the conscripts to their different legions. Suet. Claud. 18. Plin. H. N. xvi. 76. § 2.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Discerniculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DISCERNIC'ULUM. A bodkin employed by women to part the hair evenly down the front of the head. Lucil. ap. Non. s. v. p. 35. Varro, L. L. v. 129.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Discinctus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DISCINCTUS (ἄζωστος). Ungirt; that is, wearing the tunic without its belt round the waist, as shown by the figure annexed (Discinctus/1.1), from a painting at Pompeii; and, as this was an unusual practice amongst the ancients, except when a person wished to be at ease in his own house (Hor. Sat. ii. 1. 73.), it implies a sense of hurry and constrained dishabille (Id. Sat. i. 2. 132.), or of natural slovenliness, which was considered to be indicative of loose morals. Pedo Albin. El. ii. 21 — 25. of Maecenas, who was addicted to this habit.
2. With respect to females, the meaning is the same, and the appearance presented by a woman's tunic without its belt (recincta, soluta) is shown by the following figure (Discinctus/2.1), from an engraved gem; but the sense of indelicacy is still more decided as regards the sex, amongst whom, both in Greece and Italy, such freedom of costume was chiefly affected by women of easy character, such as singing and dancing girls, who are mostly so depicted in the Pompeian paintings.
3. Discinctus miles. With respect to the military, the word implies without the sword belt (balteus, cinctorium), which the Roman commanders sometimes took from their men who had disgraced themselves, as the colours are now taken for a similar purpose from a modern regiment; and this was not only a mark of ignominy, but a real hardship to the soldier, who was thus compelled to carry his naked sword without the assistance of a belt and the sheath attached to it. Liv. xxvii. 13.
* Discinctus/1.1
* Discinctus/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Discobolus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DISCOB'OLUS (δισκοβόλος). One who throws the discus; the manner of doing which is shown by the subjoined engraving (Discobolus/1.1), from the celebrated statue of Myron (Quint. ii. 13. 10. Plin. H. N. xxxiv. 19. § 3.), a copy of which is preserved in the British Museum. The very remarkable attitude and position of this figure are characterized by Quintilian as "laboured and distorted" — distortum et elaboratum — but these words are to be understood with reference to the usual practice of the Greek artists who were extremely chary of representing their figures in violent action, such as occurs in ordinary nature, and not as intended to imply that the figure in question does not truly express the real posture which every player with the discus actually assumed at the moment of discharging his disk; for a passage of Statius (Theb. vi. 646 — 721.), descriptive of a contest between two discoboli, enumerates one by one all the particular motions and poses observable in this statue. The player first examines his discus to find which part of the edge will best suit the gripe of his fingers, and which will lay best against the side of his arm, — quod latus in digitos, mediae quod certius ulnae, Conveniat; he then raises up his right arm with its weight, — Erigit adsuetum dextrae gestamen, et alte Sustentat; bends both his knees downwards, and swings the disk up above the general level of his body, — humique Pressus utroque genu, collecto sanguine discum, Ipse super sese rotat; and then discharges the mass by swinging his arm downwards, which acquires a double impetus from the resistance in a contrary direction, produced by the rising up of the bent body, as the arm descends, — ahenae lubrica massae Pondera vix, toto curvatus corpore, juxta dejicit. This passage, while it illustrates the meaning and intention of the different attitudes exhibited by the above figure, also clearly explains the manner in which the discus was cast.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Discubitus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DISCU'BITUS, DIS'CUBO. These words denote the taking of a place, and reclining at meal-time, as described s. ACCUBO; but, strictly speaking, when they are used, allusion is made to the whole company, that is, to a number of persons who recline together upon different couches (Val. Max. ii. 1. 9. Cic. Att. v. 1.), as seen in the illustration s. TRICLINIUM, 1.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Discus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIS'CUS (δίσκος). A circular plate of stone or metal, about a foot in diameter, employed, like our quoit, for throwing to a distance as an exercise of strength and skill. (Hor. Od. i. 8. 11. Prop. iii. 14. 10.) The instrument itself, and the manner of projecting it, are shown and explained by the wood-cut on the opposite page, and the text which accompanies it.
2. Any shallow circular vessel for containing eatables; the original of our word dish. Apul. Met. ii. p. 36.
3. A flat circular sundial, placed horizontally upon its stand. (Vitruv. ix. 8.) The example (Discus/3.1) is from an original published by Martini, von den Sonnenuhren der Alten.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Dispensator

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DISPENSA'TOR. One of the slave family in a Roman household, both in town and country, who performed the duties of a secretary and accountant in the former, and of a bailiff or steward in the latter establishment. Cic. Att. xi. 1. Suet. Galb. 12. Macrob. Sat. ii. 4. Pompon. Dig. 50. 16. 166.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Displuviatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DISPLUVIA'TUS. See ATRIUM, 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Diversorium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIVERSO'RIUM. See DEVERSORIUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Dividiculum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DIVIDIC'ULUM. A tower in an aqueduct, containing a large reservoir, from which the water was distributed through separate pipes into the city. It was an old name, subsequently relinquished for the more imposing one of Castellum. Festus, s. v. and CASTELLUM, 4., where an illustration is given.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Dodrans

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DO'DRANS. Nine-twelfths of anything; thence a copper coin, consisting of nine unciae, or three quarters of an as. (Varro, L. L. v. 172.) It is extremely rare in actual coinage; though an example is said to exist in a coin of the Cassian family, which bears the letter S, and three balls, to represent its value.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Dodra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DO'DRA. A potage, or drink composed of nine different ingredients — water, wine, broth, oil, salt, bread, herbs, honey, and pepper. Auson. Epigr. 86. and 87.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Dolabella

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DOLABEL'LA. A small dolabra, or instrument constructed upon the same principle, which was employed for agricultural purposes, especially in the vineyard, for clearing out the dead wood, and loosening the earth about the roots of the vines. (Columell. iv. 24. 4. and 5.) The example (Dolabella/1.1) is taken from a sepulchral marble (Mazzocchi de Ascia, p. 179.); its form clearly shows that it belonged to the class of dolabrae, as will be seen by comparing it with the following illustrations, while the straight cutting blade, like a hatchet or chisel at the top, and the curved one, like a pruning hook, below, make it sufficiently suitable for the uses assigned to it by Columella in the passages cited.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Dolabratus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DOLABRA'TUS. Hewn, split, formed, or fashioned with a dolabra. Caes. B. G. vii. 73. and wood-cut s. DOLATUS.
2. Made like a dolabra, or furnished with one; as securis dolabrata (Pallad. i. 43.), a hatchet with a dolabra at the back of the blade, as seen in the preceding illustration.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Dolabra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DOLA'BRA (ἀξίνη). An instrument employed for cutting, chopping, breaking, and digging; by woodsmen (Quint. Curt. viii. 4.), agricultural labourers (Columell. Arb. 10. 2. Pallad. iii. 21. 2.), and very generally in the army, for making stockades (Juv. viii. 248.), or breaking through the walls of a fortification (Liv. xxi. 11.), to both which purposes it is frequently applied by the soldiery on the Columns of Trajan and Antoninus. It belonged to the class of instruments which go by the name of hatchet (securis) amongst us; and is often confounded by the writers of a late age with the adze (ascia), with both of which it presents points of resemblance and of discrepancy, having a long handle and double head, one side of which is furnished with a sharp cutting blade, the edge of which lies parallel to the haft, instead of across it, like the adze, and the other side with a crooked pick, something like a sickle, thence termed falx by Propertius (iv. 2. 59.). The example (Dolabra/1.1) introduced is from a sepulchral monument found at Aquileia, and is carried with the inscription DOLABRARIUS COLLEGII FABRUM underneath, which thus identifies the name and nature of the instrument. Compare also the wood-cut s. DOLATUS, where it is shown in use.
2. Dolabra fossoria. The instrument employed by excavators and miners, which had a long handle, like the preceding one, and a head of similar character, furnished with a cutting edge at one side, placed parallel to the haft, and a regular pick at the other, as shown by the annexed example (Dolabra/2.1), from a painting in the Roman catacombs, in which it appears in the hands of an excavator. Isidor. Orig. xviii. 9. 11., and compare the illustration s. FOSSOR, 1. where it is seen in use.
3. Dolabra pontificalis. The hatchet employed in slaughtering cattle, at the sacrifice (Festus, s. Scena), and by butchers (Paul. Dig. 33. 7. 18.), which is furnished with two blades — one broad and large, like a hatchet; the other at the back, of smaller dimensions, and resembling the cutting edge of an ordinary dolabra, as shown by the annexed example (Dolabra/3.1), from a bas-relief representing a sacrifice in the Villa Borghese.
* Dolabra/1.1
* Dolabra/2.1
* Dolabra/3.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Dolatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DOLA'TUS. Hewn, cut, chopped, and formed into shape with the dolabra, as applied to objects in wood (Cic. Acad. ii. 31. Plin. H. N. xvi. 18.), and represented in the annexed engraving (Dolatus/1.1), from the Column of Trajan; and as the action employed in using that instrument is one of giving repeated blows, the word is also applied in the sense of beaten violently. Hor. Sat. i. 5. 22.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Doliolum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DOLI'OLUM. Diminutive of DOLIUM. Liv. v. 40. Veg. Vet. vi. 13. 3.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Dolium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
DO'LIUM. A large-mouthed, round, full-bellied earthenware vessel (Varro, R. R. iii. 15. 2. Columell. xii. 6. 1. Ib. 4. 5.), of great capacity, employed to contain new wine in a body until it was drawn off into amphorae, or, as we should say, bottled (Seneca, Ep. 36. Procul. Dig. 33. 6. 15.); as well as other kinds of produce, both dry and liquid, as oil, vinegar, &c. (Varro, R. R. i. 22. 4. Cato, R. R. 10. 4. and 11. 1.) The great size of these vessels is testified by the fact that Diogenes lived in one (Juv. Sat. xiv. 308.); and by some originals excavated at Antium, which are three inches thick, and have an inscription declaring their capacity at 18 amphorae, equal to 21½ of the modern Roman barrels. The illustration (Dolium/1.1) is copied from a bas-relief, representing the dolium of Diogenes. Our word tub, which is commonly adopted as the translation of dolium, gives an incorrect notion of the object, which was made of baked earth, though of sufficient size to contain a man, as the oil jars used at this day in Italy, and those of the well-known story of the Forty Thieves, in the Arabian Nights.
2. Dolium demersum, depressum, defossum. A dolium sunk partially into the sand which formed the floor of a wine cellar. (See the illustration s. CELLA, 2.) This method was considered the best for keeping wine which had not a strong body; but if it was of a generous quality, the dolium containing it stood upon the ground. Plin. H. N. xiv. 27. Columell. xii. 18. 5.