OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mamillare

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAMILLA'RE (ἀπόδεσμος). A bosom band; made of soft leather (Mart. xiv. 66.), and intended to elevate or confine the bust when inclined to excessive development. It is not to be regarded as precisely similar to the modern stays; for it was not intended to compress the figure into an unnatural appearance of slimness, nor was it worn by every female, but only where the extreme fulness of the person rendered such a restraint necessary. It is very apparent in the annexed illustration (Mamillare/1.1), from a Pompeian painting believed to represent Sophonisba; it is worn under the tunic and next the skin, while the ample bust of the African beauty, pointedly expressed by the artist, indicates at once the necessity for it, and its use.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mamphula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAMPHU'LA. A bread cake, amongst the Hebrews, Syrians, and other Oriental races, of the following description. When a batch of bread was made in the househould, a piece of the dough was made into a cake, and baked under the ashes (Festus, s. v.), in order to be presented as an offering to the priest. This was called mamphula in the Syrian language, whence the word, and probably the custom itself, was adopted by the ancient Romans. (Lucil. Sat. p. 83. 15. Gerlach.) In our own times it is a common practice to make a piece of the dough at a baking into a cake, and bake it in the ashes for the children.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mandra

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANDRA (μανδρα). Properly, an enclosure for cattle, a fold, stall, or pen; whence the word is transferred to the animals themselves, and more especially to a crowd of carts with their cattle and drivers, forming a stoppage in a public thoroughfare. Juv. iii. 237. Mart. v. 22.
2. A division or space marked out by lines, on which the pieces moved, in a draught board (tabula latruncularia, Mart. vii. 72. Auct. Pan. in Pis. 190.) The first notion of the word implies that the mandra was a square enclosure, like a sheepfold, similar in some degree to those by which our draught and chess boards are divided; and that it was not formed by parallel lines (duodecim scripta), like the backgammon board (see the illustration s. ABACUS, 2.); but as all the works which represent persons playing at this game have the board only presented in profile, and no original has been discovered, it is impossible to speak decisively respecting the manner in which its surface was marked out.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manduchus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANDU'CHUS. A grotesque kind of masked character, with an enormous mouth, set full of teeth, introduced in early times in the Atellane plays, and on rustic theatres, for the purpose of exciting merriment by his ugliness and voracious propensities, which gave rise to the name (Festus, s. v. Plaut. Rud. ii. 6. 51.) The illustration (Manduchus/1.1) is from an original of bronze, in which the teeth are inserted of silver.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manes

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANES. The shades of the departed. The ancients themselves seem to have attached a vague and indefinite notion to this term, so that it is not easy to arrive at its real and distinct meaning. The following, however, appears to afford the most satisfactory result. It was believed that the souls of men, upon the dissolution of the body, were converted into spirits, which still continued to exercise an influence over their descendants; some into good spirits, who were termed lares, others into bad ones, who were called larvae. But as the survivors could not know which of these two conditions had been allotted to the souls of their deceased relatives, they made use of the word manes as an indeterminate expression, which did not define either condition, while it would include both; though their superstitious dislike to any thing of evil sound and omen led them generally to attach the most favourable idea to the term. Hence, in the great majority of cases, it is used in reference to good spirits, who were supposed to reside in the lower world, and allowed to return three times a year upon earth to visit their descendants in the forms they bore whilst alive. Thus the spirit of Anchises, when he meets Aeneas in the lower regions, is represented in the Vatican Virgil as draped in the costume of his country; and Hector, in the same work, when he appears to Aeneas on earth, is attired in the same way; with the words Hectoris manes written over the figure. In this case, as well as others, the name is given to the spirit of an individual person; it is also used to designate the regions below, where the manes resided, who were likewise regarded in the light of inferior deities; whence they are commonly styled on sepulchral inscriptions DII MANES. Apul. Deo Socrat. p. 689. Augustin. C. D. ix. 11. Compare Serv. ad Virg. Aen. iii. 63. Festus, s. v. and Isidor. Orig. viii. 11. 100. Virg. Aen. iv. 427. Georg. 1. 243.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mango

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANGO. A slave-dealer (Mart. i. 59.), more especially one who endeavours to increase the personal attractions of young people exposed for sale by artificial devices, such as high feeding, rouge, cosmetics, &c. in order to increase their value, and give them a semblance of properties which in reality they did not possess. (Quint. ii. 15. 95. Plin. H. N. xxiv. 22.) Hence the word is transferred in a more general sense to a second-hand dealer, or furbisher up of fictitious and old articles. Plin. H. N. xxxvii. 76. of dealer in jewellery.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mania

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MA'NIA. A bug-bear; any great ugly person which nurses invent to frighten children. Festus, s. v. Arnob. 6. fin.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manicatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANICA'TUS. Furnished with longs sleeves; applied to tunics. (Cic. Cat. ii. 10.) See MANICA, 1.
2. Columell. i. 8. 9. xi. 1. 21. See MANICA, 4.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manica

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAN'ICA (χειρίς). A long sleeve reaching down to the wrist, more especially characteristic of foreign nations, both of the East and North; but regarded by the Greeks and Romans of the virtuous ages, as a mark of extreme effeminacy; though at a later era, it was commonly added to the tunics of both sexes. (Virg. Aen. ix. 616. Tac. Germ. 17.) The example (Manica/1.1) represents a figure in the Niobe group, supposed to be the children's attendant (paedagogus); consequently, a slave and foreigner, as the style implies; probably from Asia Minor.
2. An armlet, or piece of armour which some of the Roman gladiators wore upon the right arm, from the shoulder to the wrist, like a sleeve (Juv. vi. 256.), as represented by the annexed figure (Manica/2.1), from a bas-relief in the street of the tombs at Pompeii. The appearance indicates that it was either made by a bandage (fascia) or of straps of leather, or plates of metal, so commonly worn by the legionary soldiers on the columns and arches; see LORICA, 7.
3. A sheath, or armlet worn by archers on the left arm between the elbow and wrist, as in the annexed example (Manica/3.1), from the column of Trajan; that part being particularly exposed, and the nature of their arms not permitting the use of a shield. Veg. Mil. i. 20.
4. (χειρίς). A glove or mitten for the hand only; made of leather or fur (Pallad. i. 43. 4.), and worn by the Persians and some northern nations more generally than either by Greeks or Romans, amongst whom the use of such a protection was confined to huntsmen and agricultural labourers (Hom. Od. xxiv. 230.) or to delicate persons (Cic. Phil. xi. 11.), whose hands suffered from the cold (Plin. Ep. iii. 5. 15.). Xenophon makes a clear distinction between the two words χειρίς and δακτυλήθρα (Cyr. viii. 8. 17.), which answer to the Latin manica and digitale; though both are applied to objects which enveloped the hand; whence it may be inferred that the manica was made without fingerstalls, like the gloves of our hedgers, and the other with fingers, like the example s. DIGITALE.
5. A manacle, as contradistinguished from compes, a fetter. (Virg. Aen. ii. 146. Hor. Ep. i. 16. 76.) The illustration (Manica/5.1) is from a Roman bas-relief.
6. A grappling-iron, used in naval warfare (Lucan. iii. 565.), and, as the name implies, formed in imitation of the fingers in the human hand. Similar in general character to the manus ferrea, and HARPAGO, where an illustration is given.
* Manica/1.1
* Manica/2.1
* Manica/3.1
* Manica/5.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manicula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANIC'ULA or MANIB'ULA. A cross bar on the top of the stiva, or handle of a plough, which the ploughman held in his hands to facilitate the operation of pressing the share into the soil, as exhibited in the annexed wood-cut (Manicula/1.1), from an Etruscan example. Varro, L. L. v. 135.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manipulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANIP'ULUS and MANIP'LUS (δράγμα, ἄμαλλα, οὖλος). Literally, a handful of any thing, but especially the number of stalks which the reaper takes in his left hand when cutting the corn; and as these were subsequently bound together into shocks or sheaves, in the same manner as now practised, the word is also used to designate a bundle of corn, straw, or more commonly hay, which the ancient farmers tied up into bundles before it was carried. (Plin. H. N. xviii. 72. Ov. Remed. 191. Varro, R. R. i. 49. 1. Columell. ii. 18. 2. xi. 2. 40.) The sheaf of wheat in the illustration (Manipulus/1.1) is copied from a device upon a terra-cotta lamp.
2. The standard or ensign of a company of soldiers; in the earlier periods of Roman history said to have been a wisp or handful of hay fixed to a pole, and carried before the men; a record of which was preserved in after times by the figure of a human hand placed on the top of the standard, as in the annexed example (Manipulus/2.1), from the Column of Trajan. Ov. Fast. iii. 115-118. Serv. ad Virg. Aen. xi. 870. Aurel. Vict. de Orig. P. R. 22.
3. Also a maniple of foot soldiers; that is, the number of men who followed one standard. A maniple of principes, hastati, or velites consisted of 120, but of the triarii only 60; and four maniples formed a cohort (cohors). (Caes. Tac. Virg. &c.) In a few cases, also used for a troop of horse; but that is contrary to the strict sense. Sil. Ital. iv. 316.
* Manipulus/1.1
* Manipulus/2.1
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mannulus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAN'NULUS. (Plin. Ep. iv. 2. 3. ) Diminutive of MANNUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mannus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANNUS. A galloway; a small horse of Gallic blood, but very fast paces, much esteemed by the Romans for its fleetness in harness. Lucret. iii. 1076. Hor. Epod. iv. 14. Prop. iv. 8. 15. Pet. Sat. 45. 7. Isidor. Orig. xii. 1. 55.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mansiones

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANSIO'NES (σταθμοί). Stations; or resting-places distributed at certain distances along the high roads; more particularly intended to afford quarters for troops, but also containing houses for the accommodation of travellers, where they could bait their cattle and obtain refreshment; whence the distance from one place to another is sometimes indicated by reckoning the number of mansiones which intervened between them. Suet. Tit. 10. Lamprid. Alex. Sev. 45.
2. Mansiones camelorum. In the East, stations furnished with wells, at which the camels stopped to water. Plin. H. N. xii. 32.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mansuetarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANSUETA'RIUS (τιθασσευτής). A tamer of wild animals; who not only rendered them tractable and docile, but also taught them to perform certain exercises and tricks. (Lamprid. Elag. 21. Compare Senec. Ep. 85.) The example (Mansuetarius/1.1), from an engraved gem, shows one of these men training or showing off a learned bear. His right arm, which flourishes a whip, is quite bare; but the left one, from which two pieces of meat are extended, as well as the belly, is protected with a sleeve and girth, composed of rings of metal or leather.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mantele

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANTE'LE, MANTI'LE, and MANTE'LIUM (χειρόμακτρον, ἐκμαγεῖον). Originally, a napkin or towel for the mouth and hands at meals, in which sense it would be synonymous, or nearly so, with MAPPA; but at a later period, when it became customary to lay a cloth over the dinner table, the same name was also used to designate a table-cloth. In other respects, it may be collected from the passages cited below, that the mantele was of a larger, rougher, and coarser description than the mappa, and that it was furnished by the host to his guests; a single one, perhaps, serving for all of them; whereas it was the custom for each individual to bring his own mappa with him. Varro, L. L. vi. 85. Serv. ad Virg. Georg. iv. 377. Mart. xii. 29. 12. xiv. 138. Isidor. Orig. xix. 26. 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mantellum

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANTEL'LUM or MANTE'LUM. That which serves as a cloak to conceal any thing; the original of the Italian mantello, and our mantle. Plaut. Capt. iii. 3. 6.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mantica

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAN'TICA. A double wallet, employed as a knapsack for pedestrians (Apul. Met. p. 14.), or a saddle bag on horseback. (Hor. Sat. i. 6. 104.) It consisted of two bags joined together, and when carried by foot passengers, was slung over the shoulder so that one hung in front, the other behind the bearer (Phaedr. iv. 5. Catull. xxii. 21. Pers. iv. 23.); on horseback, it was placed behind the rider, and across the animal's loins. Hor. l. c.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manticula

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANTIC'ULA. Diminutive of the preceding.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manuale

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANUA'LE. A small wooden case, or binding for a book (libellus), which prevented the margins of the leaves from getting rubbed or dog's-eared by the dress of the person who carried it about with him. Mart. xiv. 84.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manuballistarius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANUBALLISTA'RIUS. One who uses a manuballista. Veg. Mil. iii. 14. iv. 21.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manuballista

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANUBALLIS'TA. A hand ballista; probably similar to the modern cross-bow. Veg. Mil. ii. 15. iv. 22.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manubrium

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANU'BRIUM. That by which any thing is held in the hand; a general term for any kind of handle: of a jug or other vessel (Cic. Verr. ii. 4. 27. ANSA 1.); of a knife (Juv. xi. 133. CAPULUS 1. CULTER); of agricultural implements (Columell. xi. 2. 92., and the list of them collected in the Classed Index); the spigot of a water-cock. Vitruv. x. 8. 3. ASSIS 2. and EPISTOMIUM.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manucla

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANUC'LA and MANUC'ULA. See MANULEA.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manuculatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANUCULA'TUS. See MANULEATUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manulearius

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANULEA'RIUS. One who makes manuleae, or garments with long sleeves. Plaut. Aul. iii. 5. 37.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manuleatus

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANULEA'TUS. Furnished with, or wearing long sleeves. Plaut. Ps. ii. 4. 48. Suet. Cal. 52. Senec. Ep. 33. Same as MANICATUS.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manulea

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANUL'EA. A long sleeve, covering the arm down to the wrist and hand. Front. ad M. Caes. Ep. iv. 3. ed. A. Maio. Same as MANICA 1.
2. A piece of defensive armour for the arm. (Accius ap. Non. s. Balteus, p. 194.) Same as MANICA 2.
3. A particular part of the military engine called Catapulta; viz. that which held the cord in tension. Vitruv. x. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Manus ferrea

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MANUS FERREA (χεῖρ σιδηρᾶ). The iron-hand; a sort of grappling-iron, used especially in the navy for seizing hold upon the rigging or hull of another vessel, so as to lock the two together while one of the crews attempted to board. (Liv. xxvi. 39. xxxvi. 44. xxxvii. 30. Frontin. Strat. ii. 3. 24. Lucan. iii. 635.) This contrivance is sometimes confounded with the HARPAGO (Curt. iv. 2. 12.); but the two are distinctly mentioned as separate objects by Caesar (B. C. i. 57.), and by Pliny (H. N. vii. 57.), who ascribes the invention of the manus to Pericles, and of the harpago to Anacharsis. One, and perhaps the principal, point of difference consisted in this, that the manus was fastened to a chain, and discharged as a missile from an engine; so that it grappled a vessel at a certain distance, and took it in tow; or, when drawn in, brought it close up alongside (Curt. iv. 3. Lucan. iii. 375. Scheffer, Mil. Nav. ii. 7.); whereas the harpago was affixed to a long shaft or pole (asser), Liv. xxx. 10.
# Illustrated Companion to the Latin Dictionary/Mapalia

This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Rich, Anthony (1849). The illustrated companion to the Latin dictionary, and Greek lexicon. p. vi. OCLC 894670115. https://archive.org/details/illustratedcompa00rich.
MAPA'LIA. See MAGALIA.