# Critical Pedagogy/Case Studies/What's Wrong With Wiki Ways/Romanization of Korean/Chapter3
### Chapter 3. Special Provisions

Section 3.1 Such phonemic shifts, as may be shown in phonetic hangul, and as to be reflected in romanization are illustrated case by case in the following.
3.1.1 The case of phonetic assimilation between consonants nearby
| 백마 [뱅마] | Baengma | 신문로 [신문노] | Sinmunno | 종로 [종노] | Jongno |
| 왕십리 [왕심니] | Wangsimni | 별내 [별래] | Byeollae | 신라 [실라] | Silla |
3.1.2 The case of epenthetic 'ㄴ, ㄹ'
| 학여울 [항녀울] | Hangnyeoul | 알약 [알략] | allyak |
3.1.3 The case of palatalization
| 해돋이 [해도지] | haedoji | 같이 [가치] | gachi | 맞히다 [마치다] | machida |
3.1.4 The case of 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㅈ' being merged with 'ㅎ' nearby and aspirated into 'ㅋ, ㅌ, ㅍ, ㅊ', respectively
| 좋고 [조코] | joko | 놓다 [노타] | nota |
| 잡혀 [자펴] | japyeo | 낳지 [나치] | nachi |
Yet, this does not apply to substantives.
| 묵호 | Mukho | 집현전 | Jiphyeonjeon |
3.1.4 Note Glottalization may be ignored.
| 압구정 | Apgujeong | 낙동강 | Nakdonggang | 죽변 | Jukbyeon | 낙성대 | Nakseongdae |
| 합정 | Hapjeong | 팔당 | Paldang | 샛별 | Saetbyeol | 울산 | Ulsan |
Section 3.2 A hyphen /-/ may be used wherever a syllabic confusion may exist.
| 중앙 | Jung-ang | 반구대 | Ban-gudae |
| 세운 | Se-un | 해운대 | Hae-undae |
Section 3.3 The initial of a proper noun is capitalized.
| 부산 | Busan | 세종 | Sejong |
Section 3.4 The family name is followed by a space and the given name.
| 민용하 | Min Yongha (Min Yong-ha) | 송나리 | Song Nari (Song Na-ri) |
3.4.1 The romanization of personal names ignores phonetic shifts that may occur in them.
| 한복남 | Han Boknam (Han Bok-nam) | 홍빛나 | Hong Bitna (Hong Bit-na) |
3.4.2 The romanization of family names may be decided elsewhere.
Section 3.5 Administrative units '도, 시, 군, 구, 읍, 면, 리, 동, 가' are romanized respectively as /do, si, gun, gu, eup, myeon, ri, dong, ga/ with a hyphen in front. The assimilation, if any, around the hyphen is ignored.
| 충청북도 | Chungcheongbuk-do | 제주도 | Jeju-do | 의정부시 | Uijeongbu-si |
| 양주군 | Yangju-gun | 도봉구 | Dobong-gu | 신창읍 | Sinchang-eup |
| 삼죽면 | Samjuk-myeon | 인왕리 | Inwang-ri | 당산동 | Dangsan-dong |
| 봉천1동 | Bongcheon 1(il)-dong | 종로 2가 | Jongno 2(i)-ga | 퇴계로 3가 | Toegyero 3(sam)-ga |
3.5 Note Such administrative units as '시, 군, 읍' may be omitted.
| 청주시 | Cheongju | 함평군 | Hampyeong | 순창읍 | Sunchang |
Section 3.6 Names of geographical designations, cultural assets, and constructed artifacts may be romanized without any hyphen /-/.
| 남산 | Namsan | 속리산 | Songnisan | 금강 | Geumgang |
| 독도 | Dokdo | 경복궁 | Gyeongbokgung | 무량수전 | Muryangsujeon |
| 연화교 | Yeonhwagyo | 극락전 | Geungnakjeon | 안압지 | Ananpji |
| 남한산성 | Namhansanseong | 화랑대 | Hwarangdae | 불국사 | Bulguksa |
| 현충사 | Hyeonchungsa | 독립문 | Dongnimmun | 오죽헌 | Ojukheon |
| 촉석루 | Chokseongnu | 종묘 | Jongmyo | 다보탑 | Dabotap |
Section 3.7 Tthe name of natural and legal persons may remain the same as romanized previously.
Section 3.8 Where the recovery of the canonic hangul is required in special areas such as academic articles, that hangul shall be transliterated into Roman letters. In this case, the transliteration shall accord to Chapter 2 except that 'ㄱ, ㄷ, ㅂ, ㄹ' shall be constantly rendered as /g, d, b, l/. The voiceless 'ㅇ' shall be rendered as a hyphen /-/ which may be omitted when it is the initial of a word. The hyphen may also be used where syllables should be made distinct.
| 집 | jib | 짚 | jip | 밖 | bakk |
| 값 | gabs | 붓꽃 | buskkoch | 먹는 | meogneun |
| 독립 | doglib | 문리 | munli | 물엿 | mul-yeos |
| 굳이 | gud-i | 좋다 | johda | 가곡 | gagog |
| 조랑말 | jolangmal | 없었습니다 | eobs-eoss-seubnida | eobs-eoss-seubnida | |