OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Automatic transformation of XML namespaces/RDF-S and OWL schema

RDF-S and OWL for our format are put at http://freesoft.portonvictor.org/misc/namespaces.rdf (a preliminary not complete scheme).
# Automatic transformation of XML namespaces/Extracting information from RDF

Every time an RDF file is loaded, the following algorithm takes place:
* If the file is invalid and user specified the option to completely reject invalid RDF, then the following is skipped.
* Store all triples with predicates rdfs:subClassOf and :higherThan and :lowerThan.
* process rdfs:seeAlso as described below.
* For every of the below defined RDF classes (:Namespace, :Transformer, :Command, :WebService) find start nodes that is RDF nodes which have rdf:type predicate with the given class as object. (TODO: Simplify the description using subclasses.)
* For every start node and its corresponding grammar tree verify that it conforms to the tree and do all other validation checks.
* Reject information from start nodes which violates any validation rules. Extract namespaces, transformations, and precedences as get from the rest (that is valid) start nodes and their grammar trees.
Note that the information is extracted in the order of triples in the RDF file.
When processing scripts (for validation of a namespace or for a transformer), just ignore scripts of unknown rdf:type.
# Automatic transformation of XML namespaces/History
### completeness, stability, preference

It was a wrong idea to use three numbers: completeness, stability, preference and sum their products to determine transformation path for the following reason:
Consider transformation like HTML -> plain text -> HTML (stripping tags). This transformation may win even if it has low priority, having a long chain of other (better) transformations as a competitor.
So we should use only "quality: 0.0..0.1" instead of the three and not sum them, but rather get the minimum of all qualities in the chain.
Hm, we can use old "triple" values to choose between several paths with equal quality.
Proposed solution: take among the path with maximum preference the path of maximum product of preferences. (Are the first "preference" and the second one the same parameter?)
# Darakht-e Danesh

Darakht-e Danesh is an online repository of open educational resources for teachers in Afghanistan. It includes collections in English, Dari and Pashto covering primary and secondary education in a variety of subjects.
# Dangme/Common Phrases

Back to Dangne(Dangme)

## Common phrases

I suɔ mo. I love you.
Mo tsumi. Thank you.
I kpa mo pɛ. Please.
Mo-hee-e! Welcome.
Kusie. I'm sorry.
"k3 ong3 ke?" How are you?
"i ng3 saminya" I am fine
"i h3ja ng3 ohe" I miss you
# Dangme

Dangme (Danbe, Ga-adangme, Ga-adangbe, Adangme, Adangbe) is one of the Ga-Dangme languages within the Kwa branch of the Niger-Congo language family. It is spoken in Greater Accra, in south-east Ghana.

## Alphabets

ABCDEɛFGHIJKLMNOɔPQRSTUVWXYZ

## Expressions

Mi suɔ bo. - I love you.
Oye wala do)). - Thank you.
I kpa mo pɛ. - Please.
Mo-hee-e! - Welcome.
Kusie. - I'm sorry.
si lafa - hundred times
sidi lafa - hundred cedis.
ligbi - day
otsi - week
lingmi - day before yesterday
hlami - month
lingmi hlami - last month
jeha - year
momo - allready
lolo - not yet
gble - never
bloonya se - after Christmas
gbidii - forever
mla - quickly
Osabu sisije - beginning of June
Osabu nyagbe - end of June
Koo ya lolo. - Don't go yet.
Je mi pee kusuu. - It's a cloudy day.
Diblii wo kpii. - It's very dark.
Afua wo. - It's misty.
Ahlabata be su ta. - The harmattan is near.
Pu da geii. - The sun is overhead.
I nga mo. - Good morning.
Mo he manye. - Good morning.
I haa mo. - Good afternoon.
I taa mo ama. - Good evening.
Mo hee-e! - Welcome!
Yaa ba! - Good bye. (to guest)
mo tsumi - thank you
Very well, thank you. - Saminya, mo tsumi.
I be he wami. - I'm not feeling well.
Ma na mo ekohu. - I shall see you again.
E hi kaa i na mo. - It's good to see you. ke aste o ke -what is your name(literally what do they call you)
yumu - black
bluu - blue
asla su - grey
ba mumu - green
lazu - grey
tsutsu - red
huatahuata - spotted
futa - white
na ku - bull
adadee - cat
na yo - cow
gbe - dog
teji - donkey
apletsi - goat
kpotoo - pig
nya ka - crocodile
kpi - crass cutter
jata - lion
kua - monkey
aya - python
okpoe - rat
baasaki - scorpion
solue - squirrel
kolue - tortoise
hlami - turtle
ogbetee - wolf
titla - canary
agbaa - dove
kpakpahe - duck
klakumi - turkey
ako - parrot
kuakualabite - crow
oka - hawk
papalotsui - kite
patu - owl
otoklii - sparrow
okpoku - vulture
nga - weaver bird
sangmlekiti - millipede
ahua - snail
tatu - ant
sa ngmo - bed bug
hwo - bee
aga - crasshopper
anunu - house fly
gbesle - red ant
baba - termite
adondongmatsi - wasp
kaawi - crap
ma - herring
osa - shrimp
gbolue - shark
I nui sisi. - I don't understand it.
Mo de ekohu. - Say it again.
I li. - I don't know.
E susu ja. - She thinks so.
I susuu we ja. - I do not think so.
E ji ga womi kpakpa. - It's a good idea.
Jije o je? - Where do you come from?
I je Osudoku. - I come from Osudoku.
Jije o yaa? - Where are you going to?
I yaa we mi. - I am going home.
O muklii mi de fu? - Are you angry?
Ye mi mi fu. - I am angry.
I yi gbeye. - I am not afraid.
I hao. - I am worried.
Mo na tsui. - Be patient.
Koo pee basabasa. - Don't misbehave yourself.
Mo ko pia mi. - Don't blame me.
Awusabi ji mi. - I am an orphan.
E ji laami sane. - This is a secret.
E muklii sane. - She has had a miscarriage.
Waa je. - Let's go.
De o le mi? - Do you know me?
aloo - or
Ma he amadaa sau kake. - I want to buy a bunch of plantain.
I be Ga sue ma. - I shall not reach Accra early.
O be tikiti lo? - Don't you have a ticket?
Ni tsumi saisaa. - Any kind of work.
Wo klala duku futa a. - Take the white handkerchief.
Mo ko je ye he. - Don't leave me.

## See Also

* Common Phrases

## Links

* Wikipedia: Dangme language
# Damped oscillation

An oscillator is anything that has a rhythmic periodic response. A damped oscillation means an oscillation that fades away with time. Examples include a swinging pendulum, a weight on a spring, and also a resistor - inductor - capacitor (RLC) circuit.
Suppose we have an RLC circuit, which has a resistor + inductor + capacitor in series.When the switch closes at time t=0 the capacitor will discharge into a series resistor and inductor.
Now, the voltages and current in this circuit can be given by
${\begin{aligned}I(t)&={\frac {V_{0}}{\beta L}}e^{-at}\sin(\beta t)\\V_{c}(t)&=V_{0}e^{-at}\cos(\beta t)\end{aligned}}$
where
${\begin{aligned}\beta &={\sqrt {{\frac {1}{LC}}-{\frac {R^{2}}{4L^{2}}}}}\\a&={\frac {R}{2L}}\end{aligned}}$
and V= initial voltage C = capacitance (farads) R = resistance (ohms) L = inductance (henrys) e = base of natural log (2.71828...)
The above equation is the current for a damped sine wave. It represents a sine wave of maximum amplitude (V/BL) multiplied by a damping factor of an exponential decay. The resulting time variation is an oscillation bounded by a decaying envelope.
Critical Damping
We can use these equations to discover when the energy fades out smoothly (over-damped) or rings (under-damped).
Look at the term under the square root sign, which can be simplified to: R$^2$C$^2$-4LC
* When R$^2$C$^2$-4LC is positive, then α and β are real numbers and the oscillator is over-damped. The circuit does not show oscillation
* When R$^2$C$^2$-4LC is negative, then α and β are imaginary numbers and the oscillations are under-damped. The circuit responds with a sine wave in an exponential decay envelope.
* When R$^2$C$^2$-4LC is zero, then α and β are zero and oscillations are critically damped.
The circuit response shows a narrow peak followed by an exponential decay.
# Daoism

Daoism (sometimes Taoism) is a variety of related philosophical and religious traditions originating in China, with similar practices to Buddhism, although Daoism was said to have been practiced in China hundreds of years before Buddhism came from India.
Focusing heavily on naturalistic ideals, the religion seeks to free its practitioners from the pointlessness of the current form of humanity. Daoism sees the current social structure of humanity as a degeneration of the natural order of things, and seeks to be one with the Dao (literally trans. "way"). Dao is a difficult word to understand, having many different conceptual ties. Dao can refer not only to a pure way of life, but also to all physical things, closely relating to the Chinese concept of Chi.
The most well known texts of Daoism are the Dao-de Ching and the Zhuang-zu, both written around 500 BCE. Although, like Buddhism and Hinduism, Daoism has a large canon of hundreds of texts pertaining to the religion.
Currently, Daoism does not enjoy the popularity of Buddhism or Confucianism in China, although there are still some who follow the old ways.
# Dam

A dam is a large wall or barrier that obstructs or stop the flow of water, forming a reservoir or a lake. Most dams have a section called a spillway or weir over which, or through which, water flows, either sometimes or always. Dams generally serve the primary purpose of retaining water. The tallest dam in the world is the 300 meter high Nurek Dam in Tajikistan.
* Arch dam in Turkey.
* Three Gorges Dam, China
* Aswan High Dam in Egypt.
* Srisailam Dam in India.
Some of the first dams were built in Mesopotamia up to 7,000 years ago. Modern dams are built with arched walls of steel rod-reinforced concrete. The arched wall is a very strong shape which helps the wall to withstand the huge weight of the water.

## Reasons for building dams

There are a number of reasons that people build dams. Some countries build dams to control the flow of water in the downstream river systems, and prevent flooding. Other countries build dams to generate electricity using hydroelectric turbine generators. Other countries use dams to store water for use in irrigation (for farming).
# English-Chinese/Liquid

Liquid is a form of matter. It is a substance between a solid and a gas. The volume of liquid is almost fixed but there is no fixed shape.
液体 是 一种 物质的 形式。它是 固体 和 气体 之间的 物质。液体的 体积 几乎 是 固定的，但 没有 固定的 形状。
# English-Chinese/Liquid crystal display

A liquid crystal display is a special thin flat panel that can let light go through it, or can block the light. (Unlike an LED it does not produce its own light). The panel is made up of several blocks, and each block can be in any shape. Each block is filled with liquid crystals that can be made clear or opaque by changing the electric current to that block. Liquid crystal displays are often abbreviated LCDs.
液晶显示器 是 一种 特殊的 薄平板，可以 让 光 通过 它，或者 可以 阻挡 光。（与 LED 不同，它 不会 产生 自己的 光）。面板 由 一些 块体 组成，每个 块体 可以 是 任何 形状。每个 块体 充满 液晶，通过 改变 对该块体的 电流，可以 使 液晶 透明 或 不透明。液晶显示器 通常 缩写为 LCD。
# English-Chinese/Linda McCartney Foods is a British food brand specializing in vegetarian and vegan food

Linda McCartney Foods is a British food brand specializing in vegetarian and vegan food.
Linda McCartney Foods是一家英国食品品牌，专营素食和纯素食品。
# English-Chinese/Lipoma

A lipoma is a benign tumor made of fat tissue. They are generally soft to the touch, movable, and painless. They usually occur just under the skin but occasionally may be deeper. Most are less than 5 cm in size. Common locations include upper back, shoulders, and abdomen. A few people have a number of lipomas.
脂肪瘤 是 由 脂肪组织 造成的 良性肿瘤。它们 通常 触摸 柔软，移动 且 无痛。它们 通常 出现 在 皮下，但 偶尔 可能会 更深。大多数 小于 5厘米 大小。常见的 位置 包括 上背部，肩部 和 腹部。少数人 有 很多 脂肪瘤。
# English-Chinese/Lipid

A lipid is a type of organic molecule found in living things. It is oily or waxy. Fats are made from lipid molecules. Sources of lipid can be found in algae, seeds, meat, cheese, butter and fish. Lipids are long chains of carbon and hydrogen molecules. Lipids are classified as simple and complex. Examples of complex molecules could be steroids or phospholipids.
脂质 是 生物体中 发现的 一种 有机 分子。它是 油性 或 蜡质的。脂肪 由 脂质 分子 制成。脂质 来源 可以 在 藻类，种子，肉，奶酪，黄油 和 鱼类中 找到。脂质 是 长链的 碳 和 氢的 分子。脂质 被分类为 简单 和 复杂。复杂 分子的 例子 可以 是 类固醇 或 磷脂。
# English-Chinese/Liquid water is found in water bodies, such as an ocean, lake, or river

Liquid water is found in water bodies, such as an ocean, lake, or river. Most of water on Earth is sea water. Water also exists in the atmosphere as solid, liquid, or gas states. Water also exists under the ground.
液态水存在于水体中，例如海洋，湖泊或河流。地球上的大部分水都是海水。水也以固态，液态或气态存在于大气中。水也存在于地下。
# English-Chinese/Literature

Literature, most generically, is any body of written works.
一般来说，文学是任何书面作品。
# English-Chinese/Light

Light is a type of energy. It is a form of electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength which can be detected by the human eye. It is a small part of the electromagnetic spectrum and radiation given off by stars like the sun. Animals can also see light. The study of light, known as optics, is an important research area in modern physics.
光 是 一种 能量。它是 一种 可以 被 人眼 检测到的 波长 的 电磁辐射。它是 太阳等 恒星 发出的 电磁波谱 和 辐射的 一小部分。动物 也 可以 看到 光。光的 研究 被称为 光学，是 现代物理学中 一个 重要的 研究领域。
# English-Chinese/Light-emitting diode

A light emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor device that generates light from electricity. LEDs have a long life and are not easily broken (compared to incandescent bulbs). They can produce many different colors. They are highly efficient - most of the energy becomes light rather than heat.
发光二极管（LED）是从电产生光的半导体器件。 LED使用寿命长，不易破碎（与白炽灯泡相比）。 它们可以产生许多不同的颜色。 它们非常高效 - 大部分能量变成光而不是热。
# English-Chinese/Limb

A limb is a part of the body of a living creature, which extends from its trunk. Examples are the branches of a tree, and the legs of a man.
肢体是生物体的一部分，从其躯干延伸出来。例如树的树枝和人的腿。
# Gerontology

Gerontology (from Ancient Greek: γέρων, geron, "old man" and -λογία, -logy, "study of") is the study of the social, psychological and biological aspects of aging. It is distinguished from geriatrics, which is the branch of medicine that studies the disease of the elderly.
Gerontology includes these and other endeavors:
* investigating the aging process itself (biogerontology);
* investigating the interface of normal aging and age-related disease (geroscience);
* investigating the effects of our aging population on society, including the fiscal effects of pensions, entitlements, life and health insurance, and retirement planning;
* applying this knowledge to policies and programs, i.e. government planning or running a nursing home.

## Biogerontology

Biogerontology is the subfield of gerontology dedicated to studying the biological processes of aging. It includes Biomedical gerontology, also known as experimental gerontology and life extension, is a sub discipline of biogerontology that endeavors to slow, prevent, and even reverse aging in both humans and animals. Curing age-related diseases is one approach, and slowing down the underlying processes of aging with the help of physical exercises is another. Most "life extensionists" believe the human life span can be altered within the 21st century.

## Social gerontology

Social gerontology is a multi-disciplinary sub-field that specializes in studying or working with older adults. Social gerontologists may have degrees or training in social work, nursing, psychology, sociology, demography, gerontology, or other social science disciplines.
Benefits of exercise for all ages have been known since antiquity. Marcus Cicero, around 65 BC, stated: “It is exercise alone that supports the spirits, and keeps the mind in vigor.”
Social gerontologists are responsible for educating, researching, and advancing the broader causes of older people by giving informative presentations, publishing books and articles that pertain to the aging population, producing relevant films and television programs, and producing new graduates of these various disciplines in college and university settings.

## Some academic resources

* Ageing & Society, eISSN: 1710-1107 ISSN: 0714-9808, Cambridge University Press
* Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, ISSN: 0167-4943, Elsevier
* Educational Gerontology, eISSN: 1521-0472 ISSN: 0360-1277, Routledge
* Experimental Gerontology, ISSN: 0531-5565, Elsevier
* Geriatrics & Gerontology International, eISSN: 1447-0594 ISSN: 1444-1586, Japan Geriatrics Society
* Gerontology, eISSN: 1423-0003 ISSN: 0304-324X, Karger
* Gerontology & Geriatrics Education, eISSN: 1545-3847 ISSN: 0270-1960, Routledge
* Journal of Aging Studies, ISSN: 0890-4065, Elsevier
* International Journal of Gerontology, ISSN: 1873-9598, Elsevier
* Journal of Applied Gerontology, eISSN: 1552-4523 ISSN: 0733-4648, SAGE Publications

## Other pages

* Longevity
* Exercise
* ↑ "Quotes About Exercise Top 10 List".
# Image restoration/Concept
## Concept

Image restoration undoes the effects of age upon an image.
# Image Map/Tutorial/Clickable Areas
## Learning Objective

In this learning resource we will address the assignment of a link to geometric shape in the Online-ImageMap-Editor. The Online-ImageMap-Editor is an AppLSAC, that can be used offline without internet connectivity.
You can select the following geometric forms as clickable areas:
* rectangle,
* circle,
* polygon.
To all clickable areas a link/URL is assigned. The webbased resource will be displayed when the used clickable areas.

## Rectangle

The following image contains a clickable area as rectangle over the waterwheel:
The wiki syntax of the imagemap was generated with the Online ImageMap Editor

## Circle

The following example contains a clickable circle assigned over the compass: In the example above 400px was inserted in the export imagemap from Online ImageMap Editor, to scale the image. So can see, that scaling the image in the MediaWiki will transform the coordinates of the clickable areas accordingly.
The source code of the image is:
* In general an image map contains more the one clickable area.
* the "w:" is short for "Wikipedia:"

## External Links in the Image Map

In the following link we use an example to external link with a standard URL. Of course the link below can be accomplished with "Compass" as well and but is shows how to add external link in image maps for Wikiversity learning resources.
The source code of the image is:
# Image restoration

* Introduction
* The Hotel del Coronado of Coronado, California, a United States National Historic Landmark, photochrom print c. 1900.
* Image restoration uses software to undo the effects of age and damage upon digitized versions of historic visual media.
* Common programs:
* Photoshop (commercial)
* GIMP (open source)
* Example source media types:
* Photographs
* Lithographs
* Woodcuts
* This course introduces essential skills and techniques to restore material for encyclopedic use.
* After restoration.

## Contents

* Concept
* Software
* Image files
* Image selection
** A low resolution restoration
** A high resolution restoration
* Basic steps of a restoration
* Uploading
# Image restoration/Example: a low resolution restoration
## Example: A low resolution restoration

Low resolution restortion corrects aging and distractive elements. The resulting image generally looks adequate in thumbnail for on-screen illustration. Fine details cannot be corrected, but the restoration work usually can be done quickly.
# Image Map/Tutorial

The tutorial for generation of Image Maps consists of 3 major steps:
* Load Images
* Add Clickable Areas
* Export Image Map
A possible result of an image map is visible on the right. The water wheel is linked to a Wikipedia article about water wheels. You can replace the link with any web resouce that is accessible.
* Video,
* Images,
* Web pages,
* Questionnaires online surveys,

## Image Map Graph

Create a visual representation (Image Map Graph - IMG) in LibreOffice Draw and highlight those areas with links to other web resource. This can also be used for the learners to get an overview what can be explored in a learning resource.
The image abover can also be used in the ImageMap Editor to link the Image Map Graph to the image maps as nodes of the graph.

## Offline Use

The Online-ImageMap-Editor does not store any user generated data on a server. If you want to use the application offline * download the following ZIP-File https://github.com/niebert/imgmap/archive/master.zip,
* unzip downloaded imgmap-master.zip that contains the HTML and Javascript-Files of the ImageMap-Editor and
* start the docs/index.html in docs/-folder with your browser (e.g. Firefox).
* the /docs-Folder contains all necessary files for the ImageMap-Editor (optional)
** rename /docs-Folder to ImageMapEditor (optional),
** create a /WebApp-Folder in your /Documents (optional) and
** copy the renamed folder /ImageMapEditor-Folder to /WebApp/ImageMapEditor (optional)

## Download/Links

* ZIP-File of ImageMap-Editor for Offline-Use (HTML5 Application)
* Explore source files of ImageMap-Editor of ZIP-File on GitHub
* Online-Use of ImageMap-Editor
# Image restoration/Example: a high resolution restoration
## Example: a high resolution restoration

High resolution restoration yields higher quality results that look better on the screen and can also be printed out as posters. Resolution is superior, and the image can be restored in greater detail. High resolution restoration often takes more work than low resolution restoration, but may go quickly if the damage is not extensive.
# Image restoration/Image files
## Image files
### File types

It is important to use a lossless file type for restoration work, such as TIFF or PNG.
Many images are available in JPEG format. This is a format to avoid when possible because it overwrites and degrades with successive saves. If JPEG is the only source format available, then convert to a lossless format imediately after opening and work in the lossless format.

#### Convert a format

To convert a format, select "save as" and choose a different extension type.

### Resolution

The lower resolution an image is, the less time it will probably take to restore but the less can be done to restore it. Extremely low resolution files are probably not worth the attempt because they have very little data.
Low quality restorations may be attempted on images that have only a few hundred kilobytes' resolution.
High quality restoration work generally requires file sizes of 10MB and larger.
# Digital Media and Information in Society/Student Journals/Fynx5
### 30 Aug 2023
#### Hello, World!!!

Hi, I'm John Sanchez!!!
# Digital Media and Information in Society/Student Journals/Giannimbluce/Google scholar reference on Phenomenological Theory

hey
# Digital Media and Information in Society/Student Journals/FrancescaBonfardeci

Francesca Bonfardeci

### 8/30/2023
#### Hello World

hey
# Digital Media and Information in Society/Student Journals/ElijahStemmer/Telegraph feminist theory

Women played and massive roles in the 19th century for the telegraph. I have learned that women used to use the telegraph for many things, such as emergency communications, news and information, telegraph operators, and communication and social connections.
https://chat.openai.com/share/a8b92a00-932b-4d2a-a9a3-e0052119fd00
# Categorical Syllogism/Quiz
## Copyright issues

* Can I copy the Game of Logic (found on Gutenberg)?
* Can I base quiz questions on work?

## Material to make into a quiz

No frogs are poetical; some ducks are unpoetical. Hence, some ducks are not frogs.