OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# English-Chinese/Common cold

The common cold (also known as nasopharyngitis, rhinopharyngitis, acute coryza, or a cold) is an easily spread infectious disease of the upper respiratory system. It damages mostly the nose and throat. The symptoms include cough, painful throat, runny nose (rhinorrhea), and fever. These symptoms usually last seven to ten days, but sometimes up to three weeks. Over two hundred different viruses can cause the common cold, but rhinoviruses are the most common cause.
普通感冒（也称为 鼻咽炎，急性鼻炎 或 感冒）是 一种 容易传播的 上呼吸系统 感染性疾病。它 主要 损害 鼻子 和 喉咙。症状 包括 咳嗽，咽喉疼痛，流鼻涕（鼻漏）和 发烧。这些 症状 通常 持续 7到10天，但 有时 长达3周。超过 200种 不同的 病毒 可引起 普通感冒，但 鼻病毒 是 最常见的 原因。
# English-Chinese/Complications of deep vein thrombosis

Complications of deep vein thrombosis may include pulmonary embolism, as a result of detachment of a clot which travels to the lungs, and post-thrombotic syndrome.
深静脉血栓形成的并发症可能包括肺栓塞，这是由于凝块移动到肺部而导致的，以及血栓后综合征。
# English-Chinese/Comet

A comet is a ball of mostly ice that moves around in outer space. Comets are often described as "dirty snowballs". They are very different from asteroids. The orbital inclinations of comets are usually high and not near the ecliptic where most solar system objects are found. Most of them are long-period comets and come from the Kuiper belt. That is very far away from the Sun, but some of them also come near enough to Earth for us to see at night.
彗星 是 一个 主要 是 冰的 球体，它 在 外太空中 运行。彗星 通常 被描述为 “肮脏的 雪球”。它们 与 小行星 非常 不同。彗星的 轨道倾角 通常 较高，而不是 在 发现 大多数 太阳系天体的 黄道附近。其中 大多数 都是 长周期 彗星，来自 Kuiper带。那 距离 太阳 很远，但是 其中 一些 也 接近 地球，让 我们 在 晚上 看到。
# English-Chinese/Colostrum contains antibodies to protect newborns

Colostrum contains antibodies to protect newborns, as well as nutrients and growth factors.
初乳 含有 保护 新生儿 的 抗体，以及 营养 和 生长 要素。
# English-Chinese/Common symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis

Common symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis include fever, sore throat, red tonsils, and enlarged lymph nodes in the neck. A headache, and nausea or vomiting may also occur.
链球菌性咽炎的常见症状包括发烧，喉咙痛，红色扁桃体和颈部淋巴结肿大。 也可能出现头痛，恶心或呕吐。
# English-Chinese/Colony

A colony is a place controlled by another country. The metropolitan state is the country that owns the colony. A colony is also called a dependent territory.
殖民地是由另一个国家控制的地方。宗主国是拥有殖民地的国家。殖民地也被称为附属领土。
# English-Chinese/Common language

A common language is a language that is used between persons who have not the same mother tongue.
共同语是在母语不同的人之间使用的语言。
# English-Chinese/Common allergens include pollen and certain food

Common allergens include pollen and certain food.
常见的过敏原包括花粉和某些食物。
# English-Chinese/Community

A community is a group of living things sharing the same environment. They usually have shared interests. In human communities, people have some of the same beliefs and needs, and this affects the identity of the group and the people in it.
社区 是 一群 共享 共同 环境的 生物。它们 通常 有 共同的 利益。 在 人类 社区，人们 有 一些 相同的 信仰 和 需求，这 影响了 集团 和 人们的 身份。
# English-Chinese/Color

Colour or color is a property of light as seen by people. The British spelling of the word is colour, the word color is used in American English.
颜色是人们所看到的光的属性。这个单词的英式英语的拼写是colour，美式英语是color。
# English-Chinese/Risk factor of cardiovascular disease

Age is the most important risk factor in developing cardiovascular disease, and the risk triples every decade.
年龄是发展心血管疾病的最重要风险因素，并且风险每十年增至三倍。
# English-Chinese/Risk factors of deep vein thrombosis include recent surgery, cancer, trauma, lack of movement, obesity, smoking, hormonal birth control, pregnancy and the period following birth, antiphospholipid syndrome, and certain genetic conditions

Risk factors of deep vein thrombosis include recent surgery, cancer, trauma, lack of movement, obesity, smoking, hormonal birth control, pregnancy and the period following birth, antiphospholipid syndrome, and certain genetic conditions.
深静脉血栓形成的危险因素包括近期手术，癌症，创伤，缺乏运动，肥胖，吸烟，激素分娩控制，怀孕和出生后的时期，抗磷脂综合征和某些遗传病。
# English-Chinese/Rice is the seed of the grass species

Rice is the seed of the grass species Oryza sativa (Asian rice) or Oryza glaberrima (African rice).
大米是草种Oryza sativa（亚洲水稻）或Oryza glaberrima（非洲水稻）的种子。
# English-Chinese/Right to die

The right to die is the belief that people have the right to end their own lives. Usually, when people talk about the right to die, they are talking about the right of people with terminal illnesses to end their lives.
死亡权利 是 人们 有权 结束 自己的 生命。通常，当 人们 谈论 死亡权利 时，他们 正在 谈论 患有 晚期疾病的 人 终止生命的 权利。
# English-Chinese/Risk factors for heart diseases

There are many risk factors for heart diseases: age, gender, tobacco use, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol consumption, unhealthy diet, obesity, genetic predisposition and family history of cardiovascular disease, raised blood pressure (hypertension), raised blood sugar (diabetes mellitus), raised blood cholesterol (hyperlipidemia), undiagnosed celiac disease, psychosocial factors, poverty and low educational status, and air pollution.
心脏病有许多风险因素：年龄，性别，吸烟，缺乏运动，过量饮酒，不健康饮食，肥胖，遗传易感性和心血管疾病家族史，血压升高（高血压），血糖升高（糖尿病），血液中胆固醇升高（高脂血症），未被诊断的腹腔疾病，心理社会因素，贫困和低教育状况以及空气污染。
# English-Chinese/Rock (geology)

A rock is a naturally occurring solid. It is made of minerals (which are crystalline), or other mineral-like substances. The minerals in the rocks vary, making different kinds of rock. The Earth's outer solid layer, the lithosphere, is made of rock. That means the Earth's crust is made of rock.
岩石 是 天然存在的 固体。它 由 矿物质（结晶）或 其他 矿物质的 物质 制成。岩石中的 矿物质 各不相同，形成了 不同种类的 岩石。地球的 外部 固体层，即 岩石圈，由 岩石 构成。这 意味着 地壳 是 由 岩石 构成的。
# English-Chinese/Risk factors of cataract include diabetes, smoking tobacco, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and alcohol

Risk factors of cataract include diabetes, smoking tobacco, prolonged exposure to sunlight, and alcohol.
白內障的危險因素包括糖尿病，吸煙，長時間暴露在陽光下，以及酗酒。
# English-Chinese/Robert drew an arch on the paper

Robert drew an arch on the paper.
罗伯特在纸上画了一个拱门。
# English-Chinese/Risk factors for allergy are host and environmental factors

Risk factors for allergy can be placed in two general categories, namely host and environmental factors. Host factors include heredity, sex, race, and age, with heredity being by far the most significant. However, there have been recent increases in the incidence of allergic disorders that cannot be explained by genetic factors alone.
过敏的危险因素可分为两大类，即宿主和环境因素。 宿主因素包括遗传，性别，种族和年龄，遗传是迄今为止最重要的遗传因素。 然而，最近过敏性疾病的发病率有所增加，这种疾病无法仅通过遗传因素来解释。
# English-Chinese/River

A river is a natural flowing watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, sea, lake or another river. In some cases a river flows into the ground and becomes dry at the end of its course without reaching another body of water.
河流是一条自然流动的河道，通常是淡水，流向海洋，海，湖泊或其他河流。 在某些情况下，河流流入地下，在其路线尽头变干，而不会到达另一个水体。
# Commentary Analysis Skills
## Introduction to literary Theory

Literary theory has passed through many phases. As society, ideology and knowledge has changed so has the approach to analyzing a text. This section will give you an overview of some of the approaches you can take when reading a text.
Reading - literary analysis and theory
* Overview of Critical Approaches
* Overview of Theories
Assignment: Take one extract of text (approximately 40 lines) and analyse it with each of the following approaches:
* Formalism
* Psychoanalysis
* New Criticism and Reader Response Theory
* Structuralism
* Postcolonialism
* Feminism
Additional Reading:
* Formalism Terminology
* Psychoanalytic Theory
* Intentional Fallacy Reader Response Theory
* Memrise Course Key Terminology for Analysing Literature
* Memrise Course Key Terminology for Literary Devices
* Memrise Course Key Literary Genres

## Literary Commentary Analysis

Additional Reading:
* Literary Devices Glossary
* Sample Essay Poetry Commentary Analysis
* Critical Reading Introduction
* Text Structure Analysis

## Analysing Non-Fiction

Newspapers, adverts, speeches, instruction manuals, all share the common feature of non-fiction texts. They have a clearly designed and intentional structure and style which they use to convey their message. When we study these texts we need to analyse both style and content in relation to purpose. As with fiction texts, we study the genre, audience, structure and purpose of the text, however we also need to question the reliability. Some questions we might ask are:
* How does the text argue its points?
* What kind of evidence is used?
* What questions does it raise?
* What conclusions does it reach?
* What reasons do we have for trusting it?
# Command Prompt/Elevated

The Command Prompt is the command line interface (CLI) provided with Microsoft operating systems. This activity will show you how to open an elevated/administrator command prompt.
Note: To complete this activity, you must have an administrative user account or know the username and password of an administrator account you can enter when prompted.

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Keyboard shortcut
* Wikipedia: Start menu
* User Account Control
* Wikipedia: Run command
* Wikipedia: Windows key

## Preparation

To prepare for these activities:
* Start Windows.
* Log in if necessary.

## Activity 1 - Open a Command Prompt

Two different methods for opening a command prompt are available. These include the Start menu and the Run command box.

### Method 1 - Start Menu

To access a command prompt using the Start menu:
* Open the Start menu.
* Select All Programs.
* Select Accessories.
* Right-click on Command Prompt.
* Select Run as administrator.
* If you see a User Account Control dialog box asking if you want to allow the following program to make changes to this computer, select Yes.
* If prompted for a username and password, enter an administrative username and password to continue.
* Observe that the title bar of the command prompt is "Administrator: Command Prompt", indicating that it is running with elevated privileges.

### Method 2 - Run Command

To access a command prompt using the Run command box:
* Open the Start menu or press the Windows key + R.
* Type cmd or cmd.exe in the Run command box.
* Right-click on cmd.exe.
* Select Run as administrator.
* If you see a User Account Control dialog box asking if you want to allow the following program to make changes to this computer, select Yes.
* If prompted for a username and password, enter an administrative username and password to continue.
* Observe that the title bar of the command prompt is "Administrator: Command Prompt", indicating that it is running with elevated privileges.
# Commercial diving/Act as Chamber Attendant

Relevance: Scuba diving (probably partial), Surface supplied diving (unspecified, probably partial), Surface oriented wet bell diving (full).
Required outcomes:
* Demonstrate the ability to operate all internal systems from within the chamber
* Maintain communications with the Chamber Operator, dive supervisor and Diving Medical Practitioner level 2
* Show the ability to assist the medical officer by following all medical instructions provided
* Show the ability to recognise the signs and symptoms of decompression illness and other hyperbaric ailments and demonstrate the ability to communicate these to the Diving Supervisor and Diving Medical Practitioner Level 2
# Command Prompt/Close

The Command Prompt is the command line interface (CLI) provided with Microsoft operating systems. This activity will show you how to close a command prompt.

## Readings

* Wikipedia: exit (command)

## Preparation

To prepare for these activities:
* Start Windows.
* Log in if necessary.
* Have a command prompt open.

## Activity 1 - Close a Command Prompt

Three different methods for closing a command prompt are available. These include the Close button, the Control box, and the Exit command.

### Method 1 - Close Button

As with any window, to close a command prompt using the Close button:
* Click on the Close button (X) in the upper right corner.

### Method 2 - Control Box

As with any window, to close a command prompt using the control box:
* Click on the Command Prompt icon / Control Box in the upper left corner or press Alt + Space.
* Select Close.

### Method 3 - Exit Command

Unique to command prompts, to close a command prompt using the Exit command:
* Type exit in the command window. Note: Windows commands are generally not case sensitive. Exit, exit, and EXIT work equally well.
* Press Enter.
# English-Chinese/English
## English

English is the common language in the world.

## Hanzi

英文 是 世界上的 共同语言。

## Pinyin

Yīngwén shì shìjiè shàng de gòngtóng yǔyán.
# English-Chinese/Environment

Environment is everything that is around us. It can be living or nonliving things. It includes physical, chemical, and other natural forces. Living things live in their environment. They constantly interact with it and adapt themselves to conditions in their environment. In the environment there are different interactions between animals, plants, soil, water, and other living and non-living things.
环境 就是 我们 身边的 一切。它 可以 是 活的 或 非活的 东西。它 包括 物理的，化学的，和 其他 自然 力量。生物 存在于 它们的 环境中。它们 不断 与 其 互动，并 适应 自己的 环境 条件。在 环境中，动物，植物，土壤，水 以及 其他 有生命 和 无生命的 东西 之间 存在 不同的 相互作用。
# English-Chinese/Environmental factors of allergies

Four major environmental candidates are alterations in exposure to infectious diseases during early childhood, environmental pollution, allergen levels, and dietary changes.
四个主要的环境因素是儿童早期接触传染病，环境污染，过敏原水平和饮食改变的变化。
# English-Chinese/Emotion is any conscious experience

Emotion is any conscious experience characterized by intense mental activity and a certain degree of pleasure or displeasure.
情绪是指任何有意识的体验，其特征是强烈的心理活动和一定程度的愉悦或不快。
# English-Chinese/Engine-generator

An engine-generator or portable generator is the combination of an electrical generator and an engine (prime mover) mounted together to form a single piece of equipment. This combination is also called an engine-generator set or a gen-set. In many contexts, the engine is taken for granted and the combined unit is simply called a generator.
发动机发电机 或 便携式发电机 是 发电机 和 安装在一起的 发动机（原动机）的 组合，以 形成 单件设备。该组合 也被称为 发动机发电机组 或 发电机组。在 许多情况下，发动机 被认为 是 必备的，这组合单元 也被简称为 发电机。
# English-Chinese/English-Chinese/An amusement park has games

An amusement park has games, special food, and rides like a roller coaster and a merry-go-round.
游乐园里有游戏，特殊食物，过山车和旋转木马等游乐设施。
# English-Chinese/Enzyme

Enzymes are protein molecules in cells which work as catalysts. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions in the body, but do not get used up in the process.
酶 是 作为 催化剂 起作用的 细胞中的 蛋白质分子。酶 会 加速 体内的 化学反应，但 不会 在 此 过程中 耗尽。
# English-Chinese/Enzymology

Enzymology is the study of enzymes, their kinetics, structure, and function, as well as their relation to each other.
酶学 是 研究 霉素，它们的 运作，结构 和 功能，以及 它们 之间的 关系。
# English-Chinese/Energy

Energy is used in science to describe how much potential a physical system has to change. In physics, energy is a property of matter and space, objects and fields. It can be transferred between objects and can also be converted in form. It cannot, however, be created or destroyed.
能量 在 科学中 被用来 描述 物理系统 需要 改变的 潜力。在 物理学中，能量 是 物质 和 空间，物体 和 场的 属性。它 可以 在 物体 之间 传输，也 可以 在 形式上 进行 转换。但是，它 不能 被创造 或 被毁灭。
# English-Chinese/Engineering

Engineering is the use of science and math to design or make things. People who do engineering are called engineers. They learn engineering at a college or university. Engineers usually design or build things. Some engineers also use their skills to solve technical problems. There are different types of engineers that design everything from computers and buildings to watches and websites.
工程学 是 利用 科学 和 数学 来 设计 或 制造 东西。做工程的 人 被称为 工程师。他们 在 学院 或 大学 学习 工程学。工程师 通常 设计 或 制造 东西。一些 工程师 也 使用 他们的 技能 来 解决 技术问题。有不同类型的 工程师 可以 设计 从 计算机 和 建筑物 到 手表 和 网站的 所有东西。
# Computer Skills/Proficient/Databases

Proficient database concepts include understanding mail merge.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for database concepts include:
* Understand mail merge

## See Also

* Computer Skills/Intermediate/Databases
* Computer Skills/Advanced/Databases
# Computer Skills/Proficient/Email

Proficient Email concepts include distribution lists, bcc, and ethics.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for email include:
* Know about purpose and creation of distribution lists
* Understand bcc
* Demonstrate awareness of ethical use of email and Internet

## See Also

* Computer Skills/Basic/Email
* Computer Skills/Intermediate/Email
* Computer Skills/Advanced/Email
# Computer Skills/Proficient/Formatting

Proficient formatting concepts include animating text.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for formatting include:
* Know how to animate text

## See Also

* Computer Skills/Basic/Formatting
* Computer Skills/Intermediate/Formatting
* Computer Skills/Advanced/Formatting
# Computer Skills/Proficient/Hardware

Proficient hardware concepts include connectivity.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for hardware include:
* Understand connectivity: Wireless; Bluetooth; broadband; dial up

## See Also

* Computer Skills/Basic/Hardware
* Computer Skills/Intermediate/Hardware
* Computer Skills/Advanced/Hardware
# Computer Skills/Proficient

Proficient computer skills, as defined by the ICAS Computer Skills Assessment Framework include Internet and email, computers, word processing, graphics and multimedia, spreadsheets and databases, and programming and scripting.

## Preparation

Learners should complete the Advanced computer skills lessons before proceeding to the proficient level.

## Internet and Email

* Internet
* Email

## Computers

* Hardware
* Operating Systems
* Maintenance

## Word Processing

* Word Processing
* Formatting
* Tables

## Graphics and Multimedia

* Presentations
* Graphics
* Multimedia

## Spreadsheets and Databases

* Spreadsheets
* Databases

## Programming and Scripting

* Programming

## See Also

* Computer Skills/Fundamentals
* Computer Skills/Basic
* Computer Skills/Intermediate
* Computer Skills/Advanced
# Computer Skills/Proficient/Maintenance

Proficient maintenance concepts include connectivity.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for maintenance include:
* Understand connectivity: Wireless; Bluetooth; broadband; dial up
# Computer Skills/Proficient/Graphics

Proficient graphics concepts include file format and aesthetic judgement.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for graphics include:
* Recognize image file formats
* Demonstrate aesthetic judgement in use of tools for image creation and manipulation

## See Also

* Computer Skills/Basic/Graphics
* Computer Skills/Intermediate/Graphics
* Computer Skills/Advanced/Graphics
# Computer Skills/Proficient/Multimedia

Proficient multimedia concepts include aesthetic judgement.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for include:
* Demonstrate aesthetic judgement in use of tools for image creation and manipulation

## See Also

* Computer Skills/Basic/Multimedia
* Computer Skills/Intermediate/Multimedia
* Computer Skills/Advanced/Multimedia
# Computer Skills/Intermediate/Word Processing

Intermediate word processing concepts include find and replace, toolbars, and thesaurus.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for word processing include:
* Use find and replace
* Organize toolbars
* Use thesaurus

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Word 2010 Environment
* YouTube: Word 2010 Text Basics
* YouTube: Word 2010 Spelling and Grammar

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial Getting Started with Word.
* Complete the tutorial Text Basics.
* Complete the tutorial Checking Spelling and Grammar.

## See Also

* Computer Skills/Basic/Word Processing
* Computer Skills/Advanced/Word Processing
* Computer Skills/Proficient/Word Processing
# Computer Skills/Proficient/Internet

Proficient Internet concepts include ethics and basic file transfer.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for Internet concepts include:
* Demonstrate awareness of ethical use of email and Internet
* Understand basic file transfer

## See Also

* Computer Skills/Basic/Internet
* Computer Skills/Intermediate/Internet
* Computer Skills/Advanced/Internet
# Human Legacy Course/Feedback
## Feedback

Please post your feedback to these questions here whenever you feel like you want to try to answer them. You can answer these questions as many times as you would like, whenever you would like. This will give us some incentive as to what we can do to better improve this course for you and for future students.
Make sure that you put your signature with your timestamp when you are finished.

### Do you have any other thoughts or concerns regarding this course?
## Questions For The Instructor

Please post any questions that you have for Mr. Blair right here and he will get back to them as soon as possible.
sorry. im not sure if i signed up for the class properly. Is linfam09 on your class roster? Where do I check to see if I received any messages from you on how to begin?
thanks : ) Linfam09 02:39, 14 November 2011 (UTC)Maryann
I am not sure if I signed up properly either and when I try took look at some chapters it says "No resource by this exact name is available yet." Please Help Thanks
# Human Legacy Course/New Asian Empires (1200 - 1800)

In Asia, the period from 1200 to 1800 was a time of great empires and shifts in power. From east of the Mediterranean Sea to India, strong Muslim rulers built large empires. In China a new dynasty sought to revive the traditions neglected under the Mongols, while a military society arose in Japan.
The civilizations of Asia have contributed many lasting achievements in the arts and ideas throughout history. This week, you will learn about the contributions of China, Japan, and Muslim empires in Asia in the arts, learning, science, and technology.
Let's Begin!
# Human Legacy Course/Exploration & Expansion (1400 - 1700)

Between 1400 and 1700, a new world opened up for Europe. Sailors set out on great voyages of discovery to lands that the people of Europe had not previously known existed. As news of the discoveries spread, countries scrambled to claim new lands, setting up colonies in hopes of gaining wealth and power. Once colonies were established, ships crossed the Atlantic in both directions laden with goods of all kinds.
The arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Americas in 1492 was a turning point in world history. In the years that followed Columbus’s voyage, European migration to the Americas took off, and the diffusion of goods and ideas changed societies worldwide.
Let's Begin!
# Human Legacy Course/Kingdoms of Christianity (300 - 1250)

After the fall of Rome, large and small kingdoms appeared in Europe. In most of these kingdoms, Christianity had a powerful influence on people’s lives.
Christianity became a world religion in the centuries after the Roman Empire’s fall. The faith was central to Byzantine culture for a thousand years. As missionaries brought Christianity to Europe and Russia, the faith had a deep impact on societies.
# Human Legacy Course/Muslim Civilization (550 - 1250)

The Qur’an, Islam’s holy book, states that Muhammad was the last prophet sent by God to humanity. In the centuries after his death, Islam spread across much of the Eastern Hemisphere, becoming one of the world’s major religions. Muslim civilization developed states that touched three continents and produced some of history’s most notable achievements in the arts and sciences.
Islam, one of the world’s major monotheistic faiths, spread to a vast area over a very short time. This week, you will learn how Islam is a belief system that affects every aspect of a devout follower’s life.
Let's Begin!
# English-Chinese/People who are marginalized due to either their gender identity or sexual orientation are more prone to depression

People who are marginalized due to either their gender identity or sexual orientation are more prone to depression. Targeted groups are statistically more likely to commit suicide.
因性别认同或性取向而被边缘化的人更容易患抑郁症。 有针对性的群体在统计上更有可能自杀。
# English-Chinese/People with asthma

Depending on the country about 1–18% of people have asthma.
根据国家的不同，约有1-18％的人患有哮喘。
# English-Chinese/People with obesity are at increased risk of atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries

People with obesity are at increased risk of atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries.
患有肥胖症的人患冠状动脉的动脉粥样硬化的风险增加。