OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Biological Nitrogen Fixation
## Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF)

Soil microorganisms have developed specific systems that make them capable of adapting and surviving to diverse conditions of nutrient availability or starvation, as well as getting through different stress factors to which they are exposed in the environments in which they live. Among these changes, there are physiological and morphological adaptations, and also specialized systems that allow the utilization of available nutrients and keep an optimal metabolic state. In particular, as an adaptation to the nitrogen starvation, a group of bacterial species named diazotrophs, has developed the ability to fix atmospheric N$_2$ by reduction to assimilable forms (like ammonia) for plants and other bacteria that constitute the N biogeochemical cycle. Due to this remarkable feature, these microorganisms play an essential role in the recycling and maintenance of the N cycle. Furthermore, BNF is an important factor in soil conservation and agronomical and livestock productivity.
Three groups of bacteria can be distinguished among diazotrophs depending on the way they carry out the biological fixation of N$_2$. The first group can fix N$_2$ in the free-living state whereas the second one includes bacteria that need to establish an association with a host plant but without any vegetal structure modification. The third group is formed by bacteria that carry out the fixation under symbiotic state. The bacterial genus Rhizobia (from the Greek “riza”= root , “bios”= life) is found in this last group and its members have the special characteristic of associating closely with their host plants roots (legumes as soybean, pea, and others). There, special structures, known as nodules, are formed, and the bacteria inside these nodules suffer a differentiation process that leads them to fix atmospheric N$_2$.
* ↑ Peoples M. B. and D. F. Herridge. 1990. Nitrogen fixation by legumes in tropical and sub-tropical agriculture. Adv. Agron. 44:155-224.
* ↑ Peoples M. B. and E. T. Craswell. 1992. Biological nitrogen fixation: Investments, expectations and actual contributions to agriculture. Plant Soil 141:13-39.
* ↑ Peoples M. B., D. F. Herridge, and J. K. Ladha. 1995. Biological nitrogen fixation: an efficient source of nitrogen for sustainable agricultural production. Plant and Soil. 174: 3–28.
* ↑ Spaink H. P., A. Kondorosi, and P. J. J. Hooykaas. (Eds.). 1998, The Rhizobiaceae, Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
* ↑ Hablieb C. M. and P. W. Luden. 2000. Regulation of biological nitrogen fixation. J. Nutr. 130: 1081-1084.
* ↑ Leigh, G.J. 2002. Nitrogen fixation at the millennium. London: Elsevier Science
* ↑ Sprent, J. I. 2002, Nodulation in legumes, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, RU.
* ↑ Gage, D. J. 2004. Infection and invasion of roots by symbiotic, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia during nodulation of temperate legumes. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 68: 280-300.
# CDIO/Rube Goldberg 2
## Rube Goldberg Project

Develop a Rube Goldberg machine with a specific and obvious theme.

## Conceive

The decision was made that the theme of the Rube Goldberg machine will be superheroes. The job of each superhero in the machine will correspond to their powers. Must of the Rube Goldberg machine will be powered by gravity and various mechanical "systems." Click here to see a more detailed Conceive Portion.--MikeBertrand6 (discuss • contribs) 22:49, 12 March 2013 (UTC)
--Stivi10 (discuss • contribs) 22:14, 12 March 2013 (UTC)

## Design

CDIO page
# CDIO/Propeller2
## Problem Statement

Testing two motor with a Zagi 5 ESC to see which one is better for the ball

## Designing the Implementation Process

Connect the PC power supply, the ESC and the Arduino together
* Red wire connected to 5 vol plug and black wire connected to ground plug on the power supply
* Red and Black wire outside connected to the motor. Red wire inside connected to red ESC wire. Black wire inside connected to black ESC wire
* Orange wire hooked from 9~ plug to white ESC wire. Red wire hooked from grounding pin to red ESC wire. White wire hooked from grounding pin to black ESC wire
Then try the two different motors
* Extra motor
This motor runs stronger and faster but heavier. Its base is round and neat so it might be easier to attach to something in the middle to the ball, maybe an empty bottle. However its heavy weight might cause difficulty controlling the ball drone
* Zagi5 motor
This motor runs slower and weaker but lighter. Its light weight would make it easier to control the drone. However its base is complicated and unbalance so it would be difficult to attach to the bottle

## Test, Verification, Validation, and Certification

Here are the videos showing the test results of the two motors
Extra motor test
As predicted this motor runs faster and stronger, however I discovered more that it creates wind upward. This is not good since we need the wind to go downward to push the ball up
Zagi5 motor test
Also as expected this motor runs slower and weaker, contradict to the extra motor this one creates wind downward, which is what we need to fly the ball

## Implementation Management

According to the test the Zagi5 is the most qualified motor that the ball drone needs. However the biggest problem is it is very difficult to attach it to the drone. Its unbalance base surface would not fit the head of the empty bottle.
* Zagi5 motor doesn't fit on an empty bottle
Maybe I should try another material. I'm thinking of designing something with the Makerbot. Something to place the motor into that would make its base balance

## Next Steps

Next I'll try to figure out the shape to something to build from the Makerbot that would fit the motor and the head of the bottle. Or it would be easier if I could find another material, like wood or a lot of duck tape
# CDIO/Rube Goldberg 4
## The Design Process
##### Requirements for each element or component derived from system level goals and requirements
##### The initial design

For the pulley step in the machine, Iron man will be "flying" and flipping a switch in order to begin the next step of the machine.
# CDIO/Rube Goldberg 5
## Problem Statement

summarize work done and hand project off to new team.

## Week 1 narrative

during week one we recieved our project and our project goals requirements were set. we each were to design a part of a rube goldberg device independently using common language developed by a previous student. we would then get approval to build them. if approved we would then compare our designs and them modify them in order for them to work together. I thought of a seesaw made out of two hammers
* this is part of a rubegold berg machine. a force hits the left arm of the seesaw and tips it up forcing the right arm down triggering another part

## Weeks 2 narrative

during week 2 my design was approved and I began the actual designing of it. since the hammers are curved i decided to mount them onto a central strip of wood. they would be attached to the piece of wood with bolts either end and pvc pipe would be the axle for the assembly.
* this is a top view of the hammer assembly. note the central spine is the black rectangle. the hammers are in blue. note the bolts that run through the spine and attach the hammers to eachother and the spine. the PVC pipe is represented by the green rectangle and goes through all three parts.
* this is a side view of the hammer seesaw. it is mount to a 1/2" plywood board in brown. the there are struts made out of wood that attach to the top and bottom of the axle plate which houses the the pvc pipe there is an identical plate on the other side of the hammer assembly, which is attached to the plywood board

## Week 3 narrative

after comparing our designs it was found that all three would work together with no modification. part 1 is the first part to be activated. a force will move a steel ball bearing, represented by the black circle in the diagram, which will roll down each incline until it falls in to the cup on the seesaw and activates part 2. the weight of the ball in the cup will force the left side of the seesaw down and the right side up thus triggering part 3. The right arm of the cup seesaw with swing upwards and knock the hammer arm out of balance frocing the left side of the arm up and the right side down triggering a future part.
* this is a diagram showing how all three parts will work together. the diagram shows all parts in their starting, static postions. the blue arrows show motion of the parts. part one is enclosed in the red box part 3 is enlosed in the green box and part 2 is not enclosed in a box

## Week 4 narrative

during week 4 we combined our parts and began testing them here is a link to the video. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpcKGso3ZAs&feature=youtu.be

## Next Steps

   * mount all the parts on one board
   * test and measure to determine where each part should be in relation to one another
   * design a part to activate part 1
   * build a part to activate part 1
   * design a part to be activated from part 3
   * build a part to be activated from part 3
# CDIO/Rob-Motor
## Problem Statement

- Learning how to do solder and follow step point.
- To build a rob-motor car, what materials can be used?
- To write code programs, what programs can be used?

## Designing the Perform Process
##### Experiment prototypes and tests need for design

- Steps: Solder a rob-motor board
* Those parts are for rob-motor board system.
* Starting to solder the items on board of rob-motor.
* Still soldering.
* Finally complete with solder the rob-motor.
- Steps: install parts of rob-motors.
* Those items are for motor, batter, wheels, and wires for rob-motor.
* Putting those parts together on the rob-motor.
* content the wires of wheels to board of rob-motor.
* This rob-motor is ready to run it.
- Steps: programs the rob-motors.
* Programming Sheet.
* Example of command on the Programming Sheet before start to write codes in rob-motor.
* After install a code programs for rob-motor.

##### Possible implementation process improvements

- Need to know programs code for whole equipment to run it.

## Next Steps

Have a fun!
* Watch running of rob-motor.
# CDIO/Rube Goldberg 2/superheroes
## Potential Superheroes

* Spiderman
* Iron Man
* Superman
* Batman
* Aquaman
* Thor
* Magneto
# CDIO/Rube Goldberg 3
## Problem Statement

Begin the process of creating a Rube Goldberg machine with a specific theme and size.

## Setting System Goals and Requirements
### Market/Customer needs

The customer, or, in this case, teacher, needs a functioning Rube Goldberg machine with a definite end result, and a clear theme.

### Factors that set the context of the requirements
##### Enterprise goals and capabilities

The goal of this Rube Goldberg machine, again, is not only to be functional, but to have a specific theme with various "tools." So the theme becomes a factor of the requirements. Since various tools must be used, a theme should be picked that will allow for a number of different tools to be used. For instance, if the theme was sports balls, there wouldn't be very many tools used. Just a different number of balls. The goal of this Rube Goldberg machine is to use multiple types of tools.

## Defining Function, Concept and Architecture
### System concepts

The basic concept of this Rube Goldberg machine is superheroes. Each step in the machine will have some correlation to different superheroes from the comic book and movie universe.

### Necessary system functions

The function of any Rube Goldberg machine is to take a very simple task and make it as complex as possible. Being complex means containing a lot of steps. The necessary function of this Rube Goldberg machine is to be able to make each step initiate at the end of the previous step. In other words, each step needs to cause the next step.

## Modeling of System and Ensuring Goals Can Be Met
### The plan of implementation and operations

Implementation will commence once the design process of the superhero Rube Goldberg machine is complete. After the entire machine is built, the operation of the machine will be tested.

## Development Project Management
### Project cost and schedule

The first week of the project consisted of just conceiving the different aspects of the Rube Goldberg machine. The second week will consist of the design process. The design process may continue into the third week. Once the design process is done, implementation will begin. If started, the implementation process will continue until the end of the project. Each process must be thorough to ensure success of the machine.
# CDIO/Rube Goldberg 6
## Problem Statement

combine all parts together, test them and hand project off to new team.

## testing the parts

we put all three parts together and tested to see if each one could set off the next. here is the link to testing. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fpcKGso3ZAs&feature=youtu.be testing showed that part one will successfully set off part two and that the accuracy of where the ball lands is very good. it also showed that part 2 has enough force to set off part 3

## Next Steps

   * mount all the parts on one board
   * test and measure to determine where each part should be in relation to one another
   * design a part to activate part 1
   * build a part to activate part 1
   * design a part to be activated from part 3
   * build a part to be activated from part 3
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Sports

* Welcome
* Welcome to the Sports section of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign. From this page you can use the gallery box to access all the featured media for this subject. The gallery will guide you through the collection - just keep clicking "next" or "back". This page also shows the today's current feature from this section. A particular media item is dynamically selected each day to feature on pages related to this subject. At the side of this page there is also an administrative panel which helps maintain and extend this collection.
Sports Picture of the Day
The World's Most Popular Sports
This colour-coded map of the world shows the world's most popular sports by country. For example, the red areas are cricket and Australian-rules football, the blue areas are ice hockey and American football, the purple area is table tennis and the green area is soccer/football. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Sports maps - Sports images This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :
* Administration
* Page that controls the rotation.
* Sports Picture of the Day
* Template that controls the navigation.
* Navigation for sports pictures of the day
* Meta-templates for the picture of the day.
* Overall meta-template
* Box title
* Usage text
* "About" text
* Templates for this page.
* Welcome text
* Administration box
* To edit individual media pages within this section of the project, use the gallery to access the original page.
Explore this project by subject
Back
Project home
· Mathematics
· English
· Biology
· Chemistry
· Game design
· Physics
· Geography
· History
· Languages
· Information technology
· Art
· Sports
· Music
Next :
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Sports/POTD 2

Gallery of featured media for sports
Back
Home
· Picture 1
· Picture 2
· Picture 3
· Picture 4
· Picture 5
Next :
Sports Picture of the Day
Cricket Positions
This map of cricket positions can be used for teaching and explaining the rules of cricket. The positions are not all used at the same time, and the bowler and wicketkeeper are not shown. Fielders will take up some of these positions and move between them as directed. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Cricket field diagrams - Cricket diagrams in general - More cricket images Team sports images - Sports images This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Sports/POTD 3

Gallery of featured media for sports
Back
Home
· Picture 1
· Picture 2
· Picture 3
· Picture 4
· Picture 5
Next :
Sports Picture of the Day
Baseball and Cricket Compared
A comparison of a baseball field (Minute Maid Park, Houston) and a cricket field (Melbourne Cricket Ground) at the same scale, showing players in their typical positions. The cricket ground map omits the second batsman. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Baseball images - Cricket images Ball game images - Team sports images - Sports images This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Sports/POTD 4

Gallery of featured media for sports
Back
Home
· Picture 1
· Picture 2
· Picture 3
· Picture 4
· Picture 5
Next :
Sports Picture of the Day
Football Formations
A classic "4-2-4" soccer formation with the position names attached. Wikimedia Commons has many more images of possible formations, including versions with famous teams and their players marked in. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Diagrams of soccer line-ups - Association football (soccer) images Images related to different types of football Team sports images - Sports images This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Sports/POTD

Gallery of featured media for sports
Home
· Picture 1
· Picture 2
· Picture 3
· Picture 4
· Picture 5 :
Sports Picture of the Day
Baseball and Cricket Compared
A comparison of a baseball field (Minute Maid Park, Houston) and a cricket field (Melbourne Cricket Ground) at the same scale, showing players in their typical positions. The cricket ground map omits the second batsman. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Baseball images - Cricket images Ball game images - Team sports images - Sports images This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Sports/POTD 1

Gallery of featured media for sports
Back
Home
· Picture 1
· Picture 2
· Picture 3
· Picture 4
· Picture 5
Next :
Sports Picture of the Day
The World's Most Popular Sports
This colour-coded map of the world shows the world's most popular sports by country. For example, the red areas are cricket and Australian-rules football, the blue areas are ice hockey and American football, the purple area is table tennis and the green area is soccer/football. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Sports maps - Sports images This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Sports/POTD 5

Gallery of featured media for sports
Back
Home
· Picture 1
· Picture 2
· Picture 3
· Picture 4
· Picture 5
Next :
Sports Picture of the Day
A Basketball Court
A diagram of a basketball court showing dimensions (metric) and with labels on the main features. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Basketball images Ball game images - Team sports images -Sports images This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Physics/POTD 8

Gallery of featured media for physics
Back
Home
· Picture 1
· Picture 2
· Picture 3
· Picture 4
· Picture 5
· Picture 6
· Picture 7
· Picture 8
· Picture 9
· Picture 10
· Picture 11
· Picture 12
· Picture 13
· Picture 14
· Picture 15
· Picture 16
· Picture 17
Next :
Physics Picture of the Day
Refraction of light in water
This diagram shows how light is refracted to create the illusion of a pencil being bent by dipping in water. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Refraction images - Light images Mechanics images - Electromagnetism images - Optics images - Atomic physics images Images relating to physics in general This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Physics/POTD 7

Gallery of featured media for physics
Back
Home
· Picture 1
· Picture 2
· Picture 3
· Picture 4
· Picture 5
· Picture 6
· Picture 7
· Picture 8
· Picture 9
· Picture 10
· Picture 11
· Picture 12
· Picture 13
· Picture 14
· Picture 15
· Picture 16
· Picture 17
Next :
Physics Picture of the Day
The Two-Slit Experiment
A diagram showing the two slit experiment using a light source and showing the resulting interference patterns. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Images of physics experiments Mechanics images - Electromagnetism images - Optics images - Atomic physics images Images relating to physics in general This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :