OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Breton/Breton dialects

* Introduction to Breton Breton dialects
* The dialects of Breton as identified by ethnologists are Leoneg, Tregerieg, Gwenedeg, and Kerneveg (in French, respectively: léonard, trégorrois, vannetais, and cornouaillais). There are no clear borders between those dialect areas because the language varies slightly from one village to the next. Compared to the other dialects, the Gwenedeg dialect is somewhat more distinct due several pronunciation specificities.
* The following table shows common and local expressions :
Example of Gwenedeg
Me zo ganet é kreiz er mor
Tèr lèu ér mez ;
Un tiig gwenn duhont em-es,
Er benal 'gresk étal en nor
Hag el lann e hol en anvez.
Me zo ganet é kreiz er mor,
E bro Arvor
Excerpt from Pédenn én Téoéldeed, in Ar en deulin from Yann-Ber "Bleimor" Calloc'h (1913)
Example of Gwenedeg
GwenedegPeurunvanEnglish meaning
Me zo ganet é kreiz er mor
Me zo ganet e-kreiz ar mor
I was born in the middle of the sea
Tèr lèu ér méz ;
Teir lev er-maez ;
Three leagues outside;
Un tiig gwenn duhont em-es,
Un tiig gwenn du-hont am eus,
A small white house I have over there,
Er benal 'gresk étal en nor
Ar banal 'gresk e-tal an nor
Broom grows in front of the door
Hag el lann en hol en anvez.
Hag al lann en holl an ardremez.
And heather all around.
Me zo ganet é kreiz er mor,
Me zo ganet e-kreiz ar mor,
I was born in the middle of the sea,
E bro Arvor.
E bro Arvor.
In the country of Arvor. :
Example of Leoneg
Digeri a reas he divreh d'he muia-karet heb en em renta kont. Pokad a reent dibaouez an eil d'egile, o muzellou o tañva evid ar wech kenta mel dous ar garantez.
Excerpt from Ar Vastardez from Yann-Vadezour Lagadeg (1993).
Example of Leoneg
LeonegPeurunvanEnglish meaning
Digeri a reas he divreh d'he muia-karet heb en em renta kont.
Digeriñ a reas he divrec'h d'he muiañ-karet hep en em rentañ kont.
She opened her arms to her beloved boyfriend without realizing.
Poka a reent dibaouez an eil d'egile,
Pokat a raent dibaouez an eil d'egile,
They kissed each other without end,
o muzellou o tañva evid ar wech kenta mel dous ar garantez.
o muzellou o tañva evit ar wech kentañ mel dous ar garantez.
their lips tasting for the first time the sweet honey of love. :
* Breton spellings
* After several attempts at unifying the spelling, two main spellings exist : the peurunvan ("completely unified" spelling) and the skolveurieg ("university" spelling).
* This course uses peurunvan as it is today the most commonly used.
* Peurunvan accomodates for dialectal differences. Most notably, the notation "zh" - used in the name "Breizh" ("Brittany") - must be interpreted according to the dialect spoken.
* In Leon, it will be most often interpreted as "z" (therefore Breizh is pronounced "Breiz").
* In Gwened (and some part of Kerne), it will often be interpreted as "h" (therefore Breizh is pronounced "Breih").
* The transcription of "c'h" is also subject to confusion or criticism as pronunciation may widely vary according to the regions.
| previous lesson | previous page | next page | lesson intro | next lesson | Department | Division |
# Breton

* Introduction to Breton
* Brezhoneg
* Calvary Our Lady of Tronoan, Sant-Yann-Drolimon
* Religious banner in Brittany
* Breton, Brezhoneg is a Celtic language close to Welsh and Cornish.
* Brittany (Breton: Breizh) is one of the six Celtic nations. Located in France, it is split into two French regions. It is located in Western Europe at the Northwestern corner of France.
* Breton is traditionally spoken in the westernmost part of Brittany (Breizh Izel), but today many people in Roazhon/Rennes and Naoned/Nantes - as well as in Paris - know or learn Breton.
* This is why it has now a unified spelling (peurunvan) which allows for different pronunciations and therefore respects as far as possible the different dialects.
* The lessons in this method are in peurunvan spelling. Some texts will give information upon dialectal pronunciations, with the adapted spelling for that context.
* Topics
* Kentel gentañ / First lesson: About Breton / A-zivout ar brezhoneg
* Eilvet kentel / Second lesson: Pronunciation / Distagadur
* Teirvet kentel / Third lesson: Breton bases / Diazezoù e brezhoneg
* Pedervet kentel / Fourth lesson: Breton dialects / Rannyezhoù ar brezhoneg
* Pempvet kentel / Fifth lesson: Getting help / Kaout skoazell
| previous lesson | next lesson | Department | Division |
# Breton/Skoazell

* Introduction to Breton Getting help
Here on this page you may request for a teacher to be on-line at a certain time you need.
Teacher for basic / intermediate levels
Scheduling box for coordinating with User:AC'hM Leave me a message.
Name: AC'hM
Skype nickname: Achm
Time set in here: UTC
Teacher local time: UTC+1
Teacher mother tongue: French
Here on this page you may request for a teacher to be on-line at a certain time you need. If you don’t know your time zone lets have a look on map.
Teacher Availability
Request for the Teacher
Teacher for advanced level
User:Luzmael/Teacher availability/template :
| previous lesson | previous page | next page | lesson intro | next lesson | Department | Division |
# Breton/Stream
## Lessons Available
### Current lessons

* Introduction to Breton
* Brezhoneg Unan
* Brezhoneg Daoù
* Brezhoneg Tri
* Brezhoneg Pevar
* Brezhoneg Pemp
* Brezhoneg C'hwec'h

### Planned lessons

* Brezhoneg Seizh

## Current Brythonic Staff

* Head of Breton
* Admin

## BretonDepartment Home Page

Breton Department

## Participants

If you're interested in helping instruct or just want to learn, add your name in the appropriate list below!

### Interested Students
##### Complete (or near complete) Beginners

   * Skawannabe - Doing a project on the Breton language and its place in modern French society. Any help or resources would be much appreciated!
       Je fais un projet sur la langue bretonne et sa place dans un societe moderne.
          You could have a look at this (document in French)--AC'hM 21:05, 26 February 2008 (UTC)
* I'd like to learn some Breton... SPQRobin 21:12, 11 July 2008 (UTC)
* Yann and Donna from Belgium - We fell in love with Breton nature and culture and when we will be retired in about eight years, we plan to go and live the rest of our lives at Cap Sizun. Our French is acceptable, but of course we should also like to learn Breton.
Hope you will feel good : Donevat e Breizh ! (Welcome in Brittany).
* Wanna learn breton, as it´s one of the best designed proyects I´ve found at Wikiversity. M.
24.207.117.134Dawne Lightbourne...languages are a many splendored thing...especially the ancient ones...
* Sicaria - I'd like to learn another language, and this one sounds very interesting.
I'm trying add my name to the list of students for this course. Suppose this is how one goes about doing that. . . -Sara
* I'd like to learn a new language... Mandeep
* I am keen to learn! - Seredith
* Breton is a very interesting sounding language so I decided to learn what I'm hearing - Jordan

##### Advanced Beginners

SteCymru14 - Desket am eus tammig brezhoneg er skol-veur. Deskiñ a ran gant Rhisiart Hincks

##### Intermediate Students

I know some breton. Desket em eus brezhoneg.--AC'hM 18:35, 8 January 2008 (UTC)

##### Proficient Students

Scorpio - I'd like to learn the Breton language. Am interested in it.

### Interested teachers
##### Advanced Learners

Luzmael--Luzmael 13:56, 15 November 2007 (UTC)
Brezhoneg mat zo ganin : abaoe war-dro ugent vloaz emaon o teskiñ (hag o karout!) ar yezh. --Joshtyra 21:09, 10 October 2019 (UTC)
# Brexit
## Welcome

Welcome to the Brexit Learning Project. The word Brexit refers to the withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union. Following the 2016 referendum vote to leave, the UK started the withdrawal process on 29 March 2017, putting the UK on course to leave by April 2019.

## Etymology

Brexit (and the earlier variant, Brixit) is a portmanteau of "British" and "exit". It was derived from Grexit, a hypothetical Greek withdrawal from the Eurozone (and possibly the EU).
The terms of withdrawal have not yet been negotiated and the UK remains a full member of the European Union. Theresa May has announced 12 negotiating objectives and confirmed that the UK Government would not seek permanent single market membership. She has proposed a Great Repeal Bill to repeal the European Communities Act 1972 and incorporate existing EU laws directly into UK law.
When you have read the resources listed below, test yourself on the Quiz.

## Negotiation objectives

Negotiation objectives:
* Certainty
* Control of "our laws"
* Strengthen the Union
* Maintain the Common Travel Area with Ireland
* Control of immigration
* Rights for EU nationals in Britain, and British nationals in the EU
* Protect workers’ rights
* Free trade with European markets
* New trade agreements with other countries
* The best place for science and innovation
* Co-operation in the fight against crime and terrorism
* A smooth, orderly Brexit
Do you think these objectives are clear enough and sufficient for negotiation?

## Learning resources

* Brexit/Background
* Brexit/Bibliography
* Brexit/Consequences
* Brexit/Great Repeal Bill
* Brexit/Legislation
* Brexit/Procedure
* Brexit/Quiz
* Brexit/Summary
# English-Chinese/Wikiversity's vision

Wikiversity's vision is to create a world where everyone has resources to freely learn about anything both known and unknown, in order to better themselves and society.
Wikiversity的愿景是创造一个每个人都有资源自由了解已知和未知事物的世界，以便改善自己和社会。
# English-Chinese/Wiki

A Wiki is a type of website that lets anyone who can access the Wiki create and change its pages. The word is Internet slang. The word Wiki is short for WikiWikiWeb. Wikiwiki is a word from the Hawaiian language, meaning "fast" or "speed". Examples of Wikis include Wikipedia, Citizendium, and Conservapedia.
Wiki 是 一种 网站，允许 任何 可以 访问 Wiki的 人 创建 和 更改 其 页面。这个 词 是 Internet俚语。 Wiki 这个 词 是 WikiWikiWeb的 缩写。 Wikiwiki 是 Hawaii语中的 一个 词，意思是 “快” 或 “速度”。Wiki的 例子 包括 Wikipedia，Citizendium 和 Conservapedia。
# English-Chinese/Wikiversity's project is a collection of pages

A Wikiversity's project is a collection of pages: this is one of the fundamental differences between Wikiversity and Wikipedia. Wikipedia's articles are single-page entities. Wikiversity's learning projects are multi-page entities. There is good reason for this: we have found that when people create educational resources, a single page simply doesn't work. Wikiversity deals with multi-page entities (projects), because this is what its educational mission requires. Of course, every project starts as a simple single page. It grows into a connected collection of pages over time.
Wikiversity的 项目 是 一个 页面集合：这是 Wikiversity 和 Wikipedia 之间的 根本 区别 之一。Wikipedia的 文章 是 单页实体。 Wikiversity的 学习项目 是 多页实体。这是 有 充分 理由的：我们 发现，当 人们 创建 教育资源 时，单个页面 根本 不起作用。 Wikiversity 处理 多页实体（项目），因为 这是 其 教育任务 所需要的。当然，每个 项目 都 以 简单的 单页 开始。随着 时间的 推移，它 会 逐渐 成为 一系列 连接的 页面。
# English-Chinese/Wikiversity

Wikiversity is a free wiki website, a sister project of Wikipedia, and run by the Wikimedia Foundation. It is used to help students learn, or teachers to teach. Wikiversity develops learning resources on every subject which users are interested in. It has many links to other wikis with educational material like Wikipedia and Wikibooks.
Wikiversity 是 一个 免费的 wiki网站，是 Wikipedia的 姊妹项目，由 Wikimedia基金会 运营。它 用于 帮助 学生 学习，或 教师 教学。 Wikiversity 开发了 用户 感兴趣的 每个 主题的 学习资源。它 与 其他 wiki 如 Wikipedia 和 Wikibooks的 教育资料 有 很多 链接。
# English-Chinese/Whole food

Whole foods are plant foods that are unprocessed and unrefined, or processed and refined as little as possible, before being consumed. Examples of whole foods include whole grains, tubers, legumes, fruits, vegetables.
全食物 是 未加工 和 未精制的 植物 食品，或 在 食用前 尽可能少地 加工 和 精制。全食物的 例子 包括 全谷物，块茎，豆类，水果，蔬菜。
# English-Chinese/Whole grains and cereals are another source of proteins. However, these tend to be limiting in the amino acid lysine or threonine, which are available in other vegetarian sources and meats

Whole grains and cereals are another source of proteins. However, these tend to be limiting in the amino acid lysine or threonine, which are available in other vegetarian sources and meats.
全谷物和谷物是蛋白质的另一种来源。 然而，这些倾向于限制氨基酸赖氨酸或苏氨酸，其可在其他素食来源和肉类中获得。
# English-Chinese/While the almond is often eaten on its own, raw or toasted, it is also a component of various dishes

While the almond is often eaten on its own, raw or toasted, it is also a component of various dishes.
虽然杏仁经常单独食用，生吃或烤制，但它也是各种菜肴的组成部分。
# English-Chinese/Wikiversity's mission

Wikiversity is a centre for the creation and use of free learning materials and activities. Its primary priorities and goals are to:
* Create and host a range of free-content, multilingual learning materials/resources, for all age groups and learner levels
* Host learning and research projects and communities around existing and new materials
Wikiversity是一个创建和使用免费学习材料和活动的中心。 其主要优先事项和目标是：
* 为所有年龄学习者创建和管理一系列免费内容，多语言学习材料/资源
* 根据现有和新材料提供学习和研究项目以及社区活动
# English-Chinese/Where did it all come from?

Where did it all come from?
这一切都来自哪里？
# English-Chinese/WikiSkills is a part of the European Commission's Lifelong Learning Programme, and its purpose is to teach teachers how to use collaborative tools like wikis for teaching

WikiSkills is a part of the European Commission's Lifelong Learning Programme, and its purpose is to teach teachers how to use collaborative tools like wikis for teaching.
WikiSkills是欧盟委员会终身学习计划的一部分，其目的是教授教师如何使用维基等协作工具进行教学。
# Data Networking/Fall 2014/Shalini/Working with an example
### WORKING WITH AN EXAMPLE

The network is built with all the linux machines (DHCP, DNS and web servers). The devices are in the network 192.168.3.0/24. The default gateway is 192.168.3.1 and braodcast address is 192.168.3.255.
The servers start their corresponding services and client enters the network.
The IP address allocation for all the machines in the network are done by DHCP server, provided the network settings in the hosts is changed to DHCP IP allocation.
Once that is done, the DHCP server allocates the dynamic temporary IP addresss to the client, and permanent IP addresses to the DNS and webserver.
Client- 192.168.3.35
Webserver- 192.168.3.60
DNS- 192.168.3.52
Client IP allocation:
DNS server IP allocation:
Web Server IP allocation:
The working of the forward and reverse zones of the DNS server is tested from the client using the nslookup commands:
Nslookup from Webserver:
Nslookup from DNS:
The webserver is accessed from the browser of the client:
# Data Networking/Fall 2015

Fall 2015 NEU TELE 5330 Data Networking Projects Special:Prefixindex/Data Networking/Fall 2015/
# Data Networking/Fall 2014/Shalini/Web Server Backup
## WEB SERVER BACKUP

Backup is the process of saving the data in a different location, so that it can be used in the case of data loss. Basically, if our web server lose the data or there is a situation of extra load on the web server, we can use this back up data. This means the backup data will help in retaining the data and in load balancing.
In our project we have made a backup of our web server in the DNS server and have scheduled the back up every 1 hour. This means that the data of web server will be copied to back up location after every one hour. Therefore, if a situation arises, we will have our data saved at the replicated location.

### Configuring the Backup:

As, we are making the back up in the DNS server, it is necessary for us to run apache on both the machines. This will make it run like a web server over other Linux machine. Once we have apache server installed on our machines, we can follow the procedure used for back up.
1. Installing the Apache in backup server
This will install the apache server on our machine.
2. Install the Rsync (In webserver and backup server)
Rsync is used to manage the back up on the server machine.
3. To get the back up within other directort of web server
4. Install the SSH Rsync ( In webserver and back up server)
5. To put the backup in another server (To be executed in the backup server)
6. To schedule the back up every 5 minutes, Crontab is used

### Testing:

The commands are executed in the backup server and the copy of the web server file was successfully transferred to the specified path of the backup server. Certain changes were made to the web server file and the scheduling command was executed in the backup server. After a period of 5 minutes, the new file of the web server was transferred to the specified back up location.
# Data Networking/Fall 2014/WSF-Fabfour
## WEBSERVER & FIREWALL

jhbgfavk
# Ejump/Action Research
## Action Research Modul in nam (New Methods of Assessment) course

Action research is an educational research focused primarily towards improvment of certain aspect of teaching practice. The intention with this module is to provide an opportunity for students to implement the knowledge they have acquired from the other modules into practice using action research approach. Students are expected to work with problems related to assessment process.
The modul consists of two parts, Action Research Planning (2.5 ECTS) and Action Research project (5 ECTS). The planning involves identification of the key developmental goals and research questions, research methodology and methods, addressing of research ethics, review of relevant literature and creating an activity plan. The final report for the project should describe the actual implementation of the plan, present the reflections and conclusions on the results obtained and give directions for future research.
Participants in the course are encouraged to share their ideas and provide peer feedback to others in their social networking community. Each participant should have the support of a local supervisor organised by the local institution to provide one to one tuition and support.
Resources:
* Extended Study Guide (Study Guide for Action Research Planning part)
* Action Research Project Guide (Study Guide for Action Research Project part)
* Action Research Planning Form (A template for writing the Action Research Planning)
* AR Planning Assessment Grid (A template for assessing the Action Research Planning)
* AR Project Assessment Grid (A template for assessing Action Research Final Reports)
* Students' work (Samples of Action Research Planning Form and Action Research Final Reports)
Back
# Ejump/Action Research/AR Project Assessment Grid

Action Research 2.0 Project Report
RESULT OF EXAMINATION:
DISTINCTION/PASS WITH MERIT/PASS/MODIFICATIONS NEEDED/FAIL
Name: .....................................................................
Title of Project: ........................................................
First Study Supervisor: .............................................
Second Study Supervisor: .........................................
Moderating Tutor: ....................................................
Criteria for assessment
1. Defined a relevant
developmental goals and appropriate research questions.
2. Described approach to research/research methodology and methods with reference to relevant literature
3. Addressed all ethical implications of the study at the outset.
4. Conducted a review of the literature relevant to the developmental goals and research questions.
5. Reflected critically on the process of undertaking the study and on its outcomes with particular emphasis given to the impact on student learning outcomes.
6. Demonstrated organisation, coherence, clarity and a high standard of academic writing with accurate citation
For each of the six criteria one of the following evaluations is selected.
* Criteria met to an exceptionally high standard;
* Criteria met to a good standard
* Criteria met but with some weaknesses
* Criteria partially met with more weaknesses than strengths
* Criteria not met and need further work
Comments from First Supervisor:
Comments from Second Supervisor:
Comments (Moderating Tutor):
Categories of achievement: Pass with distinction/Pass with merit/Pass/Modifications needed/Fail
The category of achievement is obtained using the evaluation above and the following guidelines:
* Pass with Distinction when 70% or more of criteria are met to an exceptionally high standard
* Pass with merit when 70% or more of criteria are met to a good standard
* Pass when 50% or more of criteria are met but with some weaknesses
* Modifications needed when less than 50% of the criteria are met and with more weaknesses than strengths
* Fail when Less than 40% of the criteria are met and with many more weaknesses than strengths
Best papers will be selected for further refinement and publication in the e-Jump 2.0 Compendium of Research (2009).
Back
# Dimensional Profiling Einstein Probabilistic Units the Road to Unification

This resource includes primary and/or secondary research.
# Electromagnetism

Several electromagnetic relationships are expressed using Einstein A and B Coefficient

## Electric field

    ${\boldsymbol {E}}={\frac {A}{B^{0.5}}}$

## Magnetic field

    ${\boldsymbol {B}}={\frac {A}{c*B^{0.5}}}$

## Charge

Electric charge squared
    $Q^{2}={\frac {c^{4}}{A^{2}*B}}$
Electric charge
    $Q={\frac {c}{A*(\pm B^{0.5})}}$
# Space Time: Einstein's Probabilistic Units

This resource includes primary and/or secondary research.
The image captures the concept the fabric of space time.
| ${\frac {e^{\Psi }}{\Psi ^{2}}}$ | Space Time |
# Ejump
## Welcome to New Assessment Methods Course designed in e-Jump 2.0 -project (2008-2009)

Introduction to the e-Jump 2.0 Project
Overview of New Assessment Methods Course
Section 1: Orientation to the New Assessment Methods Course
Section 2: Tips to Assess Learning in Social Media
Section 2.1: Assessing Learning through e-Portfolios
Section 2.2: Assessing Learning through Wikis and Blogs
Section 3: Action Research with Social Media for Assessment
# Dimensional Balancing

This resource includes primary and/or secondary research.
In dimensional balancing
* each entity is assigned a dimensional power,
* all equation the dimensional power of the left hand side of the equation must equal the dimensional power of the right hand side
For example, based on the below table energy has a dimension of three which is equal to mass of dimension three times speed of light squared which has a dimensions of zero or 3 = 3 + (0*2). The left hand side of the equation must equal the right hand side of the equation.
* Energy = kg * $c^{2}$
* $D_{E}^{3}$ = $D_{kg}^{3}$ * $D_{c}^{0*2}$
| Unit | Dimension | Einstein Units |
| kg = mass | $D_{kg}^{3}$ | ${\frac {c}{AB}}$ |
| E = energy | $D_{E}^{3}$ | ${\frac {c^{3}}{AB}}$ |
| F = force | $D_{F}^{2}$ | ${\frac {c^{2}}{B}}$ |
| c = speed of light | $D_{c}^{0}$ | c |
| m = distance | $D_{m}^{1}$ | ${\frac {c}{A}}$ |
| s = time | $D_{s}^{1}$ | ${\frac {1}{A}}$ |
| h = Planck Constant | $D_{h}^{4}$ | ${\frac {c^{3}}{A^{2}B}}$ |
| Q = charge | $D_{Q}^{2}$ | ${\frac {c^{2}}{AB^{0.5}}}$ |
| A = 1/time | $D_{A}^{-1}$ | $A$ |
| B = m/kg | $D_{B}^{-2}$ | $B$ |
# Eisenbeis/Ramp/Exercise

Dr. Eisenbeis wants to build a bicycle-ramp for her nephews Richy and Franky. The ramp shall rise along a circle arc of the length (everything in meter) $\ell =1,2$ and reach a jumping height of $h=0,2$ (see image). What (implicit) condition does the angle $\alpha$ fulfill (the condition on $\alpha$ must be such that it could be solved using the bisection method, but this need not be performed)?