OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of Ireland through Song

    Part of the Department of European History

## Introduction

Ireland's history is rich, and richly recorded in song. The purpose of this project is to provide a listing of songs (and, if possible, a way to obtain them legally, for free), corresponding to various elements of Irish history, complete with commentary and background.
The goal is to develop a greater knowledge and understanding of Irish history through the memorable and enjoyable medium of music (particularly Celtic music).

## Tasks

* Create outline of Irish History (this is in the works—see talk page)
* Find and add songs relevant to as many aspects of Irish history as possible

#### Questions

(Please discuss on the talk page).
* Should we include Scotland, as well, and have a course on the two together, or separately?
* Should there be an option to include songs in Gaelic (or even other languages) for ambitious students?

## Participants
#### Coordinator

* The Jade Knight

#### Contributors

* The Jade Knight
* Cormaggio
* Kaycee
* Wilkinson
* GeoBard$^{Rap}$

#### Interested Students

* Danielle Ralph
* Ioana
* Koala
* DónalMcK 10:55, 26 November 2007 (UTC)
Supersarah1999 13:09, 8 April 2010 (UTC)
* Lyrasong
* Victoria Butler 17:48, 01 December 2011

## Songs

* "Black and Tans" composed by Dominic Behan. (Full version by StoneRing available here.)
* "Bold Fenian Men" written by Peadar Kearney. (2 minute excerpt of the Kellee Brad version available here. Lyrics and midi available here.)
* "The Wind That Shakes the Barley", composed by Robert Dwyer Joyce.
* "Arthur McBride" - lyrics and mp3
* "The sash my father wore" - MIDI & notation
* "The Green Fields of America". Lyrics and midi here, Original 1852 broadside image here.
* "The Foggy Dew", (revolutionary version, 1916) composed by Peadar Kearney or Canon Charles O'Neill. Lyrics and midi here.
* "The Fields of Athenry" - lyrics and midi
* "The Patriot Game, with lyrics by Dominic Behan. (Full version by the Brobdingnagian Bards available here.)
* "Banba Óir (in Gaelic), by Clannad, makes reference to ancient Irish history. (Lyrics and translation here.)
* "Skellig", by Loreena McKennitt; about the monastery on Skellig (lyrics).
* "Bonny Portmore" (traditional). (lyrics.)
* "From Clare to Here", by Ralph McTell (about immigration). (Lyrics available here.)
* "Famine" by Sinead O'Connor, talks about the Irish Famine lyrics.
* "The Wearing of the Green" written at the time of the 1798 Irish rebellion.

## Background

Celtic music classifications Notes on Celtic tunes

## Related resources

* The Irish Language Department
# History of Leading Edge Devices
## History of leading edge devices

Slats were first developed by Handley-Page in 1919; licensing the design became one of their major sources of income in the 1920s. The original designs were in the form of a fixed slot in the front of the wing, a design that was found on a number of STOL aircraft. This design was used for aircraft doing racing, the fixed slat helped some aircrafts to improve the performances and win a few races as well as setting up new records.
During World War II German aircraft commonly fitted a more advanced version that pushed back flush against the wing by air pressure to reduce drag, popping out on springs when the airflow decreased during slower flight. However, the most famous slats of that time belonged to the German Fieseler Fi 156 Storch. These were similar in design to retractaible slats, but were fixed non-retractable slots. The slotted wing allowed this aircraft to take off into a light wind in less than 45 m (150 ft), and land in 18 m (60 ft) due to the increase in lift.
In the post-war era slats have generally been hydraulically or electrically operated, allowing for more complex and efficient designs these can be find on most common commercial and freighter aircraft.
Today slats are generally one of several high-lift devices used on airliners, complex flap systems running along the trailing edge of the wing as well.
The latest aircraft (such as the Airbus A380 and possibly the A350 use a droop nose concept).
# History of Nepal

Nepal is a country in Asia that has an extensive history.

## Discussion questions and essay ideas

* What are some notable events in the history of Nepal?
* What historical lessons can be learned from studying the history of Nepal?

## Readings and learning media
### Wikipedia

* History of Nepal
* Ancient history of Nepal
* Unification of Nepal
* Kingdom of Nepal
* Nepalese democracy movement
* 1960 Nepal coup d'état
* Nepalese Civil War
* History of Asia
* King of Nepal
* Politics of Nepal
* Outline of Nepal
* Nepal
* Nepal topics

### External

* Interpreting the India-Nepal border dispute
* A Reading Guide to Nepalese History

#### Videos

* The History of Nepal (grassroots educational video)
# History of Korea

Welcome to History of Korea course.

## Prehistoric Era

* Gojoseon Empire
* Pre Three States of Korea
** Buyeo States
*** Eastern Buyeo
*** Northern Buyeo
*** Jolbon Buyeo
** Choi Nakrang
** Goguryeo
** Three Hans
*** Mahan
*** Byeonhan
*** Jinhan

## Three States of Korea and Gaya Confederacy

** Goguryeo|Goguryeo State
*** Goguryeo Kingdom
*** Goguryeo Empire
** Baekje Kingdom
** Silla Kingdom
** Gaya Confederacy

## Northern and Southern States

** Balhae Kingdom
** Silla Kingdom

## Later Three States of Korea

** Later Goguryeo
** Later Baekje
** Silla Kingdom

## Dynasties

* Goryeo Dynasty
* Joseon Dynasty

## Modern Era

* Korean Empire
* Japanese Occupation Period of Korea
* Provisional Government of the Republic of Korea
* Modern Korea
# History of Haiti/Catalog

* Introduction to Haitian History
* The Natives and Spanish Rule
* Colonial Haiti
* Haitian Revolution
# History of Korea/Gojoseon Empire

Gojoseon was an ancient Korean kingdom.
It is said to have been founded in 2333 BC by Dangun Wanggeom. Archaeological evidence of a Gojoseon-era civilization is found in the transition from the Jeulmun pottery to the Mumun pottery around 1500 BC, when groups of semi-sedentary small-scale agriculturalists occupied most of the Korean Peninsula.
During its early phase, the capital of Gojoseon was located in Liaoning; around 400 BC, and was moved to Pyongyang, while in the south of the peninsula, the Jin state arose by the 3rd century BC.
The territory of Gojoseon was invaded by the Han Dynasty of China during the Gojoseon–Han War in 108 BC, which is said to have led to the collapse of the kingdom into many small states, until the Proto–Three Kingdoms emerged and marked their own period in Korean history.
The people of the Gojoseon-territory are referred to in Chinese records as Dongyi "eastern barbarians." Their language was probably a predecessor of the equally prehistoric Buyeo languages, and perhaps a form of Proto-Korean.
# History of India
## Readings

* Wikipedia: History of India
* Wikipedia: History of South India

## Resources

* Colonial India
* Ethics/Nonkilling/Leadership/Mahatma Gandhi

## See Also

* History of Asia
* History of China
* History of Europe
# Ethics/Nonkilling/Psychology

The text for this course may be downloaded free at Nonkilling.org. This page may be used to discuss the course material.
# Informal learning activities/StS

[[w:{{{1}}} ({{{2}}})|{{{2}}}]] ({{{3}}})
This sets up a trailing item in Small Things lists, linking to Wikipedia. It is like STb but is used when the Wikipedia header {{{1}}} needs a ({{{2}}}) for the link. This sets up a trailing item (note no • in the above) in Small Things lists, with {{{1}}} ({{{2}}}) linking to Wikipedia, {{{2}}} displaying for the link, and {{{3}}} giving the hint.   Thus {{../StS|one|two|three}} gives two (three) where the two displayed links to one (two).  Use StT for a similar leading item.
# Informal learning activities/StT

* [[w:{{{1}}} ({{{2}}})|{{{2}}}]] ({{{3}}})
This sets up a leading item in Small Things lists, linking to Wikipedia. It is like STa but is used when the Wikipedia header {{{1}}} needs a ({{{2}}}) for the link. This sets up a leading item (note the • in the above) in Small Things lists, with {{{1}}} ({{{2}}}) linking to Wikipedia, {{{2}}} displaying for the link, and {{{3}}} giving the hint.   Thus {{../StT|one|two|three}} gives • two (three) where the two displayed links to one (two).  Use StS for a similar trailing item.
# Informal learning activities/SmI

SlmnIi
This inserts a link to the country or area, in this case Solomon Islands, into a Places & Buildings item.
# Informal learning activities/SrL

SrLnk
This inserts a link to the country or area, in this case Sri Lanka, into a Places & Buildings item.
# Informal learning activities/Sp

Spn
This inserts a link to the country or area, in this case Spain, into a Places & Buildings item.
# Informal learning activities/Srb

Srb
This inserts a link to the country or area, in this case Serbia, into a Places & Buildings item.
# Informal learning activities/Sm

{{{1}}}
This provides a simple way of getting a smaller font for {{{1}}}.
# Informal learning activities/Small things/STa

* [[w:{{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]] ({{{2}}})
This sets up a leading item (note the • above) in Small Things lists, linking to Wikipedia as well as displaying and {{{2}}} giving the hint.  It is the simpler leader and relies on Wikipedia's insensitivity to case in the first letter of its page name.  Use STb for a similar trailing item, or STc for a leading item when the displayed text is not the same as the Wikipedia name.
N.B. Use STA when the item immediately follows a heading. This reduces the otherwise rather large preceding blank space.
# Informal learning activities/Slv

Slvn
This inserts a link to the country or area, in this case Slovenia, into a Places & Buildings or Buildings and Places item.
# Informal learning activities/TpcFrr/GHcA

[[w:History of {{{1}}}|{{{1}}}]]
This sets up a link to ''History of {{1}}'' but only ''{{1}}'' is displayed for the link.  Note that a following space is generated.
# Informal learning activities/TpcFrr/GHcb

[[w:{{{1}}}#History|{{{2}}}]]
This sets up a link to ''{{1}}#History'' but ''{{2}}'' is displayed for the link.  Note that a following space is generated.
# Informal learning activities/TpcFrr/GHcH

[[w:{{{1}}}#History and {{{2}}}|{{{1}}}]]
This sets up a link to ''{{1}}#History and {{{2}}}'' but only ''{{1}}'' is displayed for the link.  Note that a following space is generated.
# Informal learning activities/TpcFrr/GHca

[[w:History of {{{1}}}|{{{2}}}]]
This sets up a link to ''History of {{1}}'' and ''{{2}}'' is displayed for the link.  Note that a following space is generated.
# Informal learning activities/TpcFrr/GHcF

[[w:{{{1}}} {{{2}}}|{{{2}}}]]
This sets up a link to "{{1}} {{2}}" but only "{{2}}" is displayed for the link.  Note that a following space is generated.
# Informal learning activities/TpcFrr/GHcB

[[w:{{{1}}}#History|{{{1}}}]]
This sets up a link to ''{{1}}#History'' but only ''{{1}}'' is displayed for the link.  Note that a following space is generated.
# Informal learning activities/TpcFrr/GHcC

[[w:{{{1}}}, {{{2}}}#History|{{{1}}}]]
This sets up a link to ''{{1}}, {{2}}#History'' but only ''{{1}}'' is displayed for the link.  Note that a following space is generated.
# Informal learning activities/TpcFrr/GHcD

[[w:{{{1}}} {{{2}}}#History|{{{1}}}]]
This sets up a link to "{{1}} {{2}}#History" but only "{{1}}" is displayed for the link.  Note that a following space is generated.
# Informal learning activities/TpcFrr/GHcE

[[w:{{{1}}} {{{2}}}|{{{1}}}]]
This sets up a link to "{{1}} {{2}}" but only "{{1}}" is displayed for the link.  Note that a following space is generated.
# Informal learning activities/TpcFrr/GHc2

[[{{{1}}}|here]]
This simply sets up a local link to "{{1}}", and displays here for the link.  Note that a following space is not generated.
# Helping Give Away Psychological Science/Conference Spiel

HGAPS is finding new ways to make psychological science conferences more accessible!
Here are examples from APA 2022 and the JCCAP Future Directions Forum. Coming soon... ABCT! ~ More at HGAPS.org ~
Hi!
I am a student working with SCCAP and MICAMH to try to make the conference more useful for participants and the community. One of the ways that we are doing this is by building web pages that link to resources and materials. We are doing this on Wikiversity, a site run by the same foundation as Wikipedia, but geared towards more technical information.
Why Wiki? Because it is faster to update than other websites, and it allows for the audience to post questions and suggestions, too.
This is building off of a series of grants from SCCP, APS, APA, and SSCAP. This is the first time we are doing this with MICAMH, but we have used the approach with several other conferences successfully (including the Future Directions Forum, the Division 53 program at last year’s APA convention, and some special interest groups at the ABCT).
I am one of two student representatives here on a travel award to work on the project. If you have questions or want more information, you can also email Mian-Li Ong (mian@med.unc.edu) or Eric Youngstrom (eay@unc.edu).
Thanks for your excellent contributions to the conference!
# Helping Give Away Psychological Science/Conferences

HGAPS is finding new ways to make psychological science conferences more accessible!
Here are examples from APA 2022 and the JCCAP Future Directions Forum. Coming soon... ABCT! ~ More at HGAPS.org ~
HGAPS partners with a growing number of professional societies to build Wikiversity pages that complement and extend the meetings. A small team can work with the conference organizers, and build a landing page that includes featured events and details from the program. If presenters share slides, videos, or handouts, we link these to the page. We often take notes during meetings, discussion panels, and question & answer sessions, and then organize and move these over to the Wiki page as well. All of these activities take advantage of open source tools to make it easier to find and share content from the meetings. Because Wikiversity is open, it eliminates a cost barrier: Everything here is free to share with others.

## Conferences

* APA: HGAPS has contributed programming to the annual APA National Convention, including in partnership with SCCAP
* ABCT: We have several events included in the 2020 Convention Program for the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies (ABCT), as well as pages working with the Bipolar Disorders Special Interest Group (SIG).
* NCPA: We are partnering with the North Carolina Psychological Association to develop pages with notes and resources related to conference programming.
* JCCAP Future Directions Forum: We have built Wikiversity pages for every meeting of the Future Directions Forum -- the first meeting was where the mash-up was born!
* MICAMH- We partnered with Miami International Children and Adolescent Mental Health Conference to develop pages with notes and resources to the workshops and keynote speakers at the 3-day conference.
* UNC TEACCH Autism Speaks Series
* Conference List
* ABCT: Annual Convention for the Association for Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
* NCPA: We are partnering with the North Carolina Psychological Association to develop pages with notes and resources related to conference programming.
* SCCAP programming at the APA National Convention
* JCCAP Future Directions Forum: We have built Wikiversity pages for every meeting of the Future Directions Forum -- the first meeting was where the mash-up was born!
* MICAMH: We partnered with Miami International Children and Adolescent Mental Health Conference to develop pages with notes and resources to the workshops and keynote speakers at the 3-day conference.

## HGAPS Conferences: Speaker Series

HGAPS has created speaker series where we invite distinguished members of our field to come share tips about graduate school, speak about their research, discuss opportunities in the field, and provide advice on topics such as public speaking.
* 2022 Series
* 2021 Series

## What's the process?

upload these to a project on the Open Science Framework and then link back to the Wiki
# Helping Give Away Psychological Science/Conferences/ABCT

HGAPS is finding new ways to make psychological science conferences more accessible!
Here are examples from APA 2022 and the JCCAP Future Directions Forum. Coming soon... ABCT! ~ More at HGAPS.org ~
Welcome to the Wikiversity pages connected to the annual convention of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies!
The backstory behind these pages is different than for the other conference pages. Most of the other HGAPS conference pages have worked with the official program committee for the convention, so the flow of ideas and material has been side-to-side or top down.
In contrast, the first pages related to ABCT grew out of the Bipolar Disorders Special Interest Group. This happened because of HGAPS's roots, with Eric Youngstrom and Mian-Li Ong both being members of the Bipolar SIG. They shared the techniques as a way of trying to improve communication and information sharing for the SIG, leveraging open source materials. These pages offer a "proof of concept" and could be a template for other ABCT SIGS to try in 2021. Although the SIG is small compared to many at ABCT, these pages have some newer features (and more pictures) than the older pages attached to other meetings.
In 2020, HGAPS is involved in several official parts of the ABCT Convention program, but as authors and presenters, not working as institutional partners (yet, anyway!). The programming includes several different formats: A symposium about the Assessment Center and the "Manual in the Cloud" Evidence-Based Assessment pages, a workshop that has several videos and resources, and a keynote presentation that shares the origin story, big picture (how big? Seen from the Moon and over a 6 decade time frame!). The pages and links here are ways of HGAPS doing it's thing, sharing resources to extend the impact of the event and make it easier to implement the ideas and practices. These pages also could provide ideas and models for how some of this could be coordinated with the larger ABCT conference program in the future. The ABCT convention tends to be more than 10x bigger than the more specialized conferences (MICAMH, Future Directions Forum) where the conference page concept has been around longer.

## Annual conventions/conferences

* ABCT 2020 - Virtual
* ABCT 2021 - Virtual
* ABCT 2022 - New York, New York
# Induction/All quantifier/Exercise

Let $A(n)$ denote a statement (or rather a form of a statement) in which one can insert natural numbers. Discuss the difference between the two statements
    ${\left(\forall nA(n)\right)}\rightarrow {\left(\forall nA(n+1)\right)}\,\,{\text{ and }}\,\,\forall n{\left(A(n)\rightarrow A(n+1)\right)}.$
What is the mathematical relevance of the two statements?
# Induction/6^(n+2)+7^(2n+1) divisible by 43/Exercise/Solution

Initial case. For $n=0$ we have
    $6^{2}+7=43\,,$
which is a multiple of $43$. Induction step. Suppose that the statement is proved for $n$ and consider the term for $n+1$. It is
    ${\begin{aligned}6^{n+1+2}+7^{2(n+1)+1}&=6\cdot 6^{n+2}+7^{2}\cdot 7^{2n+1}\\&=6\cdot 6^{n+2}+(6+43)7^{2n+1}\\&=6{\left(6^{n+2}+7^{2n+1}\right)}+43\cdot 7^{2n+1}\\&=6\cdot 43\cdot s+43\cdot 7^{2n+1}\\&=43\cdot {\left(6\cdot s+7^{2n+1}\right)},\end{aligned}}$
where in the penultimate step we have used the induction hypothesis (the property, that $6^{n+2}+7^{2n+1}$ is a multiple of $43$). Therefore this number is also a multiple of $43$.
# Induction/Variable/Relevance/Remark

Proofs by induction occur again and again. The condition, that this method of proof can be applied, is that we have a scheme of statements, which depend on the (variable) natural number $n$. This natural number $n$ is called the induction variable, we do induction over the induction variable $n$. In the statement itself, arbitrary mathematical objects may occur and the natural number $n$ can have many different meanings. It can be the exponent of a real number (see fact or fact), the degree of a polynomial (as in fact), the degree of differentiability (see exercise) or the number of vectors (as in fact).
# Induction/Alternating sum of squares/Exercise

Prove, by induction, that the formula
    $\sum _{k=1}^{n}(-1)^{k-1}k^{2}=(-1)^{n+1}{\frac {n(n+1)}{2}}\,$
holds for all $n\in \mathbb {N} _{+}$.
# Induction/Alternating sum of squares/Exercise/Solution

Initial step. For $n=1$ we have on the left hand side only the summand for $k=2$, which is
    $(-1)^{0}1^{2}=1\,.$
On the right hand side we also have
    $(-1)^{2}{\frac {1\cdot 2}{2}}=1\,.$
Induction step. Suppose that the statement ist already proven for $n$, we have to show that it is also true for $n+1$. We have
    ${\begin{aligned}\sum _{k=1}^{n+1}(-1)^{k-1}k^{2}&=\sum _{k=1}^{n}(-1)^{k-1}k^{2}+(-1)^{n}(n+1)^{2}\\&=(-1)^{n+1}{\frac {n(n+1)}{2}}+(-1)^{n+2}(n+1)(n+1)\\&=(-1)^{n+2}{\frac {-n(n+1)}{2}}+{\frac {(-1)^{n+2}2(n+1)(n+1)}{2}}\\&=(-1)^{n+2}{\frac {-n(n+1)+2(n+1)(n+1)}{2}}\\&=(-1)^{n+2}{\frac {(n+1)(-n+2n+2)}{2}}\\&=(-1)^{n+2}{\frac {(n+1)(n+2)}{2}}.\end{aligned}}$
Thus the statement holds for all $n$.
# Induction/Partition of chocolate/Exercise

An $n$-chocolate is a rectangular grid, which is divided by $a-1$ longitudinal grooves and by $b-1$ transverse grooves into $n=a\cdot b$ smaller bite-sized rectangles. A dividing step of a chocolate is the complete severing of a chocolate, along a longitudinal or a transverse groove. A complete breakdown of a chocolate is a consequence of division steps (each one applied to a previously obtained intermediate chocolate), whose final product consists of all the small bite-sized pieces, more handy to be eaten. Show, by induction, that each breakdown of an $n$-chocolate consists of exactly $n-1$ division steps.