OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# DAZ Studio

* Human figures
* Use with Bryce
* Animation
* 3D Models
* D-Former plugin
* DAZ Studio lighting
* Review
* Storyboard
* Digital puppets
DAZ Studio is a 3D figure illustration/animation application.

## Resources

* Animation
* D-Form tool
* Human figures
* Lighting
* Models and props
* Review
* Storyboard
# Motivation and emotion/Neurotransmitters

* Dopamine (Wikipedia) - Video (2 mins)
* Serotonin (Wikipedia) - Video (2 mins)
* Norepinephrine (Wikipedia) - Video (2 mins)
* Endorphins (Wikipedia) - Video (2 mins)
# Motivation and emotion/Modules

There are 6 x 2 week modules for this unit.
Each module consists of two lectures, two tutorials, and one quiz.
For more information, see the Schedule.
# Intellectual Property Law

| WELCOME TO THE DEPARMENT OF Intellectual Property Law, part of the School of Law. | International Treaties Major US Copyright Laws | The USPTO Intellectual Property Law | Scales of Justice |

## School news and current events

* Looking for contributors.

## School history

* September 29, 2006 - Department founded!

## Active Participants

* AdamG

## Quote

* "The future of the nation depends in no small part on the efficiency of industry, and the efficiency of industry depends in no small part on the protection of intellectual property."
-Judge Richard Posner

## Showcase of Learning Programs

* Modern United States Copyright Law - A Learning Program to look at the changes in copyrights over the last 30 years.
* History of Western Copyright Law- Starting in the 17th century and working forward to the 20th, this Learning Program examines what has been static and what has been dynamic in historical Copyright Laws
* Landmark Copyright Judicial Decisions -
* International Intellectual Property Treaties - This Learning Program examines the what shaped and is shaped by the rise of International Intellectual Procedure Treaties.
* Introduction to the United States Patent System - A Learing Program that will examine the history of the USPTO, the format and procedure in applying for a Patent, and what a Patent Examiner's job consists of.
* Case Studies in Patent Litigation - This Learning Program will examine, in-depth, landmark Patent Law cases, exploring both their roots and their effects.

## Related Portals

| United States Patent Law | United States Copyright Law |
| International Intellectual Property Treaties | Trademark Law |

## Useful textbooks from Wikibooks

| Books about the Law | Humanities bookshelf Social sciences bookshelf | Reading |

## Related news

* May 17, 2007 - Google ruled not guilty in copyright infringement case...
* April 18, 2007 - Patent reform bill introduced...
# Intellectual art/Automated vehicle battery exchange systems
## Purpose

See: Hydrogen economy
Electric vehicles are more efficient than hydrogen powered vehicles. If methods can be devised in order to allow for quick charging or changing of batteries, this will allow vehicles to extend their range and therefore their practicality.

## Mechanisms

* Drive car into chamber, sort of like driving into a car wash
* The car sits on an adjustable plate that can rotate and move the car side to side and forward and backwards
* Lasers, image processing software, rfid or other wireless communications, or manual human entrance informs the system of the make and therefore size and dimensions of the car
* Lasers aligns the car so that the batteries can be exchanged without damage to the system or vehicle
* Depleted battery is removed using robotic components and automatically moved to charging area
* Newly charged battery is placed into battery
# Integration by parts/Fact

Let
    $f,g\colon [a,b]\longrightarrow \mathbb {R}$
denote continuously differentiable functions.
    $\int _{a}^{b}f(t)g'(t)\,dt=fg|_{a}^{b}-\int _{a}^{b}f'(t)g(t)\,dt\,.$
# Integration by parts/Fact/Proof

Due to the product rule, the function $fg$ is a primitive function for $fg'+f'g$. Therefore,
    $\int _{a}^{b}f(t)g'(t)\,dt+\int _{a}^{b}f'(t)g(t)\,dt=\int _{a}^{b}{\left(fg'+f'g\right)}(t)\,dt=fg|_{a}^{b}\,.$
# President of the United States/James Polk

| 9th President | 10th President | 11th President | 12th President | 13th President |
| William Henry Harrison 1841 | John Tyler 1841 - 1845 | James Polk 1845 - 1849 | Zachary Taylor 1849 - 1850 | Millard Fillmore 1850 - 1853 |
James K. Polk was the 11th President of the US from 1845-1849. As a southerner born in Tennessee, he was pro-slavery. He was described as a "workaholic" and a "dark-horse" candidate (less-known candidate before elections). His presidential campaign entailed a number of promises: cheaper tariffs, restore independent treasury, get California and Oregon. In the end, he stuck to his word and completed all of his campaign promises.

## Mexican-American War

So previously, John Tyler signed a joint resolution 3 days before he was to leave office on Dec. 30, 1845, allowing the country of Texas to be annexed. James Polk finishes what Tyler "started" and officially annexes Texas and Congress ratifies the treaty allowing Texas to come into the Union - as a slave state. Polk sends US envoy John Slidel to Mexico, where he negotiaties an agreement of purchasing New Mexico & California for $25 million.
In short, Mexico says no and breaks off diplomatic relations with the US in 1846. Polk, in his funny ways, commands Zachary Taylor (the next president) and his troops to walk "accidentally" into Mexican territory in order to spew off a war. This works to Polk's advantage and asks Congress to declare war on Mexico on May 9, 1846. Polk's reasons to go to war, in summary, was to teach Mexico a lesson, go through a quick war, and the desire to reach California. Mexico wants to teach America a lesson and get revenge for their "alleged" support for Texas.
A fellow named John Fremont leads the California's Bear Flag Revolt in 1846. Here, Fremont, with the assistance of the US navy, captures Los Angeles and San Francisco vs. the Mexicans. The war ends in 1848 with the Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo declaring America the winner. Mexico is awarded $15 million in damages by the US. The land that the US acquires goes from a part of Wyoming down to Texas.
It's interesting because not only does Mexico view the US as a "bully", but US military officers who once worked together will know how their counterparts, or soon to be opponents, fight in the civil war. Fascinating, isn't it?
Let's see how this plays out.
# President of the United States/Jimmy Carter

| 37th President | 38th President | 39th President | 40th President | 41st President |
| Richard Nixon 1969 - 1974 | Gerald Ford 1974 - 1977 | Jimmy Carter 1977 - 1981 | Ronald Reagan 1981 - 1989 | George H. W. Bush 1989 - 1993 |
# President of the United States/James Monroe

| 3rd President | 4th President | 5th President | 6th President | 7th President |
| Thomas Jefferson 1801 - 1809 | James Madison 1809 - 1817 | James Monroe 1817 - 1825 | John Quincy Adams 1825 - 1829 | Andrew Jackson 1829 - 1837 |
# President of the United States/Herbert Hoover

| 29th President | 30th President | 31st President | 32nd President | 33rd President |
| Warren G. Harding 1921 - 1923 | Calvin Coolidge 1923 - 1929 | Herbert Hoover 1929 - 1933 | Franklin D. Roosevelt 1933 - 1945 | Harry S. Truman 1945 - 1953 |
# President of the United States/James Buchanan

| 13th President | 14th President | 15th President | 16th President | 17th President |
| Millard Fillmore 1850 - 1853 | Franklin Pierce 1853 - 1857 | James Buchanan 1857 - 1861 | Abraham Lincoln 1861 - 1865 | Andrew Johnson 1865 - 1869 |
# President of the United States/James Garfield

| 18th President | 19th President | 20th President | 21st President | 22nd President |
| Ulysses S. Grant 1869 - 1877 | Rutherford B. Hayes 1877 - 1881 | James Garfield 1881 | Chester Arthur 1881 - 1885 | Grover Cleveland 1885 - 1889 |
# President of the United States/James Madison

| 2nd President | 3rd President | 4th President | 5th President | 6th President |
| John Adams 1797 - 1801 | Thomas Jefferson 1801 - 1809 | James Madison 1809 - 1817 | James Monroe 1817 - 1825 | John Quincy Adams 1825 - 1829 |
# President of the United States/John F. Kennedy

| 33rd President | 34th President | 35th President | 36th President | 37th President |
| Harry S. Truman 1945 - 1953 | Dwight D. Eisenhower 1953 - 1961 | John F. Kennedy 1961 - 1963 | Lyndon B. Johnson 1963 - 1969 | Richard Nixon 1969 - 1974 |
# Human vision and function/1x individual reflective summary of your own work on the poster - approx 300 words (worth 20%)/Example of a bad reflective summary

TOPIC: GLAUCOMA
Research methods (how/where did you obtain your information). We got our information from various web pages.
Your project (Respond to the questions given for your project topic). Our group e-poster was on glaucoma. We had four meetings in the library and once, two members of the group spoke on the phone. One of our group members only came to the first meeting so the rest of us divided the 3 questions up between us. We all used the internet to find out the answers to the questions. It was pretty easy to find information using Google but it turned out that everything we need to know was on Wikipedia. We really only had to use Google or go to the library catalogue to find pictures that looked good when we printed them. We each wrote our own paragraphs on the questions we researching. When we finished we got together to write the introduction paragraph and the conclusion. James did most of the work putting the poster together because he was really good at that, but the rest of the group helped too. I found the picture showing the optic nerve when someone has glaucoma.
References. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraocular_pressure https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trabecular_meshwork/
# Human vision and function/Part 1: How the eye works/1.1 What is light?
## 1.1 What is light

This topic introduces you to the concept of light and the visible electromagnetic spectrum. The theories of light behavior will be discussed and you will gain understanding as to why light is important for the visual system.

### Task

Begin by watching this short group of Youtube videos:

### Supplementary reading

To gain a deeper understanding of the concepts of light and the electromagnetic spectrum, wave theory and quantum theory of light follow this supplementary reading link

### Revision questions

Discuss the answers to these questions on your group LMS forum.
* How can you best define “light”?
* Which wavelengths of light are visible to the human eye?
* Does the speed of light change depending on the wavelength it emits?
* What is the main difference between the wave theory of light compared with the quantum theory?
* When we look at a coloured object, for example a red apple, why does it appear red?
* What is refraction of light?
* Define constructive and destructive interference of waves
* What is the “photoelectric effect”?
Answers
# Human vision and function/2x 45 min online quizzes (worth 20% each)

These quizzes are designed to test your knowledge after you have completed Topics 1 and 2.
The Learning Outcomes addressed by this assessment are:
* Explain how the normal eye and brain enable perception of objects.
* Describe and document measurement of visual function.
The quizzes are only available to students formally enrolled in the subject at La Trobe University. If you are not enrolled but still want to test your knowledge of the material, please refer to the questions (and answers) provided for each of these topics.
# Human vision and function/Part 1: How the eye works/1.1 What is light?/Answers

1. How can you best define “light”?
It is a small component of the energy spectrum of electromagnetic radiation.
2. Which wavelengths of light are visible to the human eye?
The visible spectrum ranges from about 400nm (violet) to 800 nm (red) light.
3. Does the speed of light change depending on the wavelength it emits?
No, the speed of light remains constant, irrespective of wavelength.
4. What is the main difference between the wave theory of light compared with the quantum theory?
The wave theory states that light emitted from an object travels in waves away from that object whilst the quantum theory states that light is a packet of energy (photon) which travels in a straight line.
5. When we look at a coloured object, for example a red apple, why does it appear red?
Because the apple absorbs all light frequencies except red and red is reflected off its surface.
6. What is refraction of light?
That is when light bends as it passes through a medium such as water or our eyes.
7. Define constructive and destructive interference of waves.
Constructive interference is when the amplitude of a wave is increased because peaks of the wave meets with peaks of the other wave and troughs meet with troughs. This causes an increase in the amplitude of the wave. Destructive interference is when peaks meet troughs and the amplitude of the wave reduces.
8. What is the “photoelectric effect”?
The ability of light (photons) to dislodge electrons from a metal surface.
# Human vision and function/1x individual reflective summary of your own work on the poster - approx 300 words (worth 20%)
## Individual reflective summary of e-poster Instructions

The purpose of this task is to demonstrate your individual understanding of the project requirements and methodology to reach the final result in addition to self-reflection of your participation in the e-poster. The information you need to complete for this task is found below. Please create a Microsoft Word document for your submission. Complete all the sections using correct grammar and spelling and submit it by the due date. Your submission should be typed in the same font size, it should be concise and must be your own work.
Title page:
* Student’s name
* Student ID
* Group name
* # in group
* Project title
Student signature (electronic)
I _________, have read the “Considerations when working in a group” document and have contributed to the discussion. All work submitted is my own and I have contributed my share to the group.
Date:
Explain the following (max 300 words):
* Research methods (how/where did you obtain your information).
* Your project (Respond to the questions given for your project topic).
* References.
Example of a good reflective summary
Example of a bad reflective summary
Acknowledgement: The template for this assessment and examples of good and bad summaries were adapted from work created by the Discipline of Mathematics at the University of Queensland.
This assessment is linked to the e-poster assessment and therefore addresses Learning Outcomes 3, 4 & 5 (3. Describe common eye diseases as deviations from normal function; 4. Discuss the sociological implications for individuals with decreased vision & 5. Analyse a problem and clearly define and communicate the outcomes that will resolve or manage it).
# Human vision and function/1x individual reflective summary of your own work on the poster - approx 300 words (worth 20%)/Example of a good reflective summary

TOPIC: GLAUCOMA
Research methods (how/where did you obtain your information). Each member of the group had the responsibility to research one question. All research was conducted on the internet, using Google to search for webpages. All the information we collected was verified from at least two websites to ensure accuracy.
Your project (Respond to the questions given for your project topic). Our group chose to study glaucoma and describe the disease, what clinical tests are required, the treatments available and the social and economic impact. We discovered that glaucoma is called the Silent Thief of Sight and discussed the underlying reasons why. My task was to describe the signs and symptoms of the disease and relate this back to the anatomy and physiology of the eye. As part of the assignment we realised that orthotpists are involved in many of the clinical assessments required to diagnose and monitor glaucoma and one of these tests, which I found very interesting, was the Van Herrick method for measuring anterior chamber depth. Another important fact we discovered was related to the demographic distribution of glaucoma in Australia and the projected distribution over the next 20 years. This in turn will have a significant impact on eye health care across the country.
References. http://www.snec.com.sg/clinicalservices/subspecialties/glaucoma-surgery/Pages/glaucoma-surgery-clinical-services.aspx http://eyejournal.net/how-to-recognize-and-cure-the-cause-of-pink-eye/
http://www.thomson-software-solutions.com/html/optometric_toolbox.html / http://web.archive.org/web/20101001000506/http://www.cera.org.au/uploads/CERA_tunnelvision.pdf
# Human vision and function/2x 45 min online quizzes (worth 25% each)

These quizzes are designed to test your knowledge after you have completed Topics 1 and 2.
The Learning Outcomes addressed by this assessment are:
* Explain how the normal eye and brain enable perception of objects.
* Describe and document measurement of visual function.
The quizzes are only available to students formally enrolled in the subject at La Trobe University. If you are not enrolled but still want to test your knowledge of the material, please refer to the questions (and answers) provided for each of these topics.
# Human vision and function/Measurement of visual function
### Design of measurement systems for form, colour and 3D vision

Topic learning outcome
1. Use previous understanding of cone cell morphology, to describe, with diagrams:
* The relationship between cone cell diameter, visual angle and size of optotypes (letters)
* Snellen’s fraction as an example of the statement above
2. Use experimental evidence to demonstrate the required distance of optotypes from the subject being measured and describe and record visual acuity measurements 3. Use previous understanding of perception of colour to describe design characteristics of colour vision measurements 4. Use experimental evidence to demonstrate the performance of colour vision measurements 5. Use experimental evidence to demonstrate physiological diplopia
6. Use diagrams to review the physical properties of light and to describe polarisation.
# Human vision and function/Part 1: How the eye works
## Part 1: How the eye works

"How the eye works" will introduce you to the underpinning concepts related to human vision. It is divided into 4 topics to help you understand what light is, why it's important to the visual system and how it stimulates vision and anatomy of the eye and visual pathway.
This topic addresses Learning Outcome 1 (Explain how the normal eye and brain enable perception of objects).
Each topic contains: (i) a short written introduction to the topic (ii) a Youtube lecture playlist (iii) supplementary reading and (iv) revision questions.
You should work through all the topics in Part 1 in weeks 1-3 of semester, taking approximately 9-12 hours to complete this section.
Watch the short introductory lectorial about this topic.
1.1 What is light?
1.2 Anatomy of the eye
1.3 Light stimulus and the eye
1.4 Anatomy of the visual pathway
# Introduction to Set Theory

* Introduction to Set Theory
* An introductory course from the School of Mathematics
* This course aims to provide a thorough introduction to the subject of set theory. We will cover the following: Set-theoretical paradoxes and means of avoiding them. Sets, relations, functions, order and well-order. Proof by transfinite induction and definitions by transfinite recursion. Cardinal and ordinal numbers and their arithmetic. Construction of the real numbers. Axiom of choice and its consequences.
* Course requirements
* The following knowledge is required or desirable on commencement of study of this course:
* knowledge of basic Pure Mathematics
* knowledge of formal proofs
* Course outline
* This is an approximate depiction of the course:
* Propositional Logic
* Axiomatic Approach
* Unions and Intersections
* Algebra of Sets
* Ordered Pairs
* Relations
* Functions
* Ordering Relations
* Cardinal Arithmetic
* Partial, Linear Orderings
* Well Orderings
* Comparison Theorem for Well Orderings
* Isomorphisms
* Transfinite Recursion Theorem
* Replacement Axioms
* Epsilon-Images
* Ordinals
* Ordinal Numbers
* Ordinal Arithmetic
* Lecture series
* Lecture 1 Propositional Logic
* Lecture 2 not available yet
* Assignments
* not available yet
* Examinations
* not available yet
* Recommended student evaluation scheme
* not available yet
# Introduction to Sociology
## What is Sociology

A dictionary defines sociology as the systematic study of society and social interaction. The word “sociology” is derived from the Latin word socius (companion) and the Greek word logos (speech or reason), which together mean “reasoned speech about companionship”. How can the experience of companionship or togetherness be put into words or explained? While this is a starting point for the discipline, sociology is actually much more complex. It uses many different methods to study a wide range of subject matter and to apply these studies to the real world.
The sociologist Dorothy Smith (1926 – ) defines the social as the “ongoing concerting and coordinating of individuals’ activities” (Smith 1999). Sociology is the systematic study of all those aspects of life designated by the adjective “social.” These aspects of social life never simply occur; they are organized processes. They can be the briefest of everyday interactions—moving to the right to let someone pass on a busy sidewalk, for example—or the largest and most enduring interactions—such as the billions of daily exchanges that constitute the circuits of global capitalism. If there are at least two people involved, even in the seclusion of one’s mind, then there is a social interaction that entails the “ongoing concerting and coordinating of activities.” Why does the person move to the right on the sidewalk? What collective process lead to the decision that moving to the right rather than the left is normal? Think about the T-shirts in your drawer at home. What are the sequences of linkages and social relationships that link the T-shirts in your chest of drawers to the dangerous and hyper-exploitive garment factories in rural China or Bangladesh? These are the type of questions that point to the unique domain and puzzles of the social that sociology seeks to explore and understand.