OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# New Zealand Law/Criminal/Blackmail
## Definition

Threatens to:
    (a) make an accusation
    (b) disclose something about anyone
    (c) cause serious damage to property with intent; or
    (d) endanger safety of any person with intent
    such that it causes:
       (i) any one to act with the will of the blackmailer; or
       (ii) the blackmailer to obtain any benefit or causes any loss to any other person.
It is blackmail even if blackmailer believes that he or she is entitled to the benefit or to cause the loss unless the threat is reasonable and proper in the circumstances.
# New Zealand Law/Criminal/Intoxication
## Commentary

* Not a defence in itself.
* Intoxication may negate mens rea.
* Intoxication is only available only where specific intent is required for the offence.

## Cases
### R v Kamipeli

* Facts
* While drunk, defendant kicked another to death.
* Trial judge directed jury that, in order to acquit, they would have to find that the defendant was so drunk that he was acting as an automaton.
* Held
* The Crown must prove intent beyond reasonable doubt.
* Intoxication is just part of the totality of the evidence which may raise reasonable doubt as to essential elements.

## R v Tihi

* Facts
* Tihi and two others attempted to rob a man, severely beating and killing him.
* Although T was extremely drunk, he was able to give a fairly detailed description of the attack to the Police.
* Held
* The jury should have regard to all of the evidence when considering whether T had the requisite intent.
* If intent cannot be proved beyond a reasonable doubt by virtue of the amount of alcohol consumed, the verdict should be manslaughter.
* It is not for the judge to give his opinion of the evidence.
* A jury, with common sense and experience of life, is able to judge whether a man in a drunken state may or may not have had murderous intent.
* Intoxication is not the only consideration, also the duration and degree of violence required to inflict the extensive and serious injuries which caused death.
# Open Access in Latin America/Build links with sister communities and areas of interest
## Open Data Community

* Open Knowledge Foundation
# Open Access in Latin America/Comments Ale Abdo on OA Policies

Ni!
Poisé, ainda nem umzinho é mandato de acesso aberto. =(
Só temos mandatos de arquivamento em repositório institucional e, mesmo esses, fracos em vários aspectos.
Nenhum deles explicitamente menciona uma licença geral - qualquer que seja. Aqueles que mencionam permissões usam linguagem confusa misturando modos de uso (cópia, execução) e finalidades de uso (fins educativos, fins comerciais). E nenhum desses mencionando explicitamente permissão para edição e recombinação do material.
Também nenhum deles, apesar de requerer arquivamento, veta qualquer exigência de restrição de acesso vinda da revista onde foi publicado o trabalho.
Ou seja, mesmo com boa vontade, é tudo equivalente a CC-BY-NC-ND pra pior. E isso só se a revista onde foi publicado permitir.
O da ENSP parece ser o melhorzinho e ainda assim é tão mal escrito que eu não arriscaria dizer que é mais do que CC-BY-NC-ND com uma permissão adicional para tradução. E logicamente ele proibiria o pesquisador de publicar numa revista que exija cessão dos direitos, mas novamente é tão mal escrito que eu duvido que isso seja aplicado.
Enfim, é um começo. Mas tá feia a coisa... rs
Os bancos de teses eu esqueci de mencionar na minha resposta, valia uma nota, até porque são muitos mais do que os dessa lista.
Abs, l e
# Open Access in Latin America/Bibliography and Other Resources

A bunch of stuff:
* General Sites
** Miguel, S., Bongiovani, P. C., Gómez, N. D., & Bueno-de-la-Fuente, G. (2013). Prospect for Development of Open Access in Argentina. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 39(1), 1-2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acalib.2012.10.002 and http://eprints.rclis.org/18138/
** http://sedici.unlp.edu.ar/
** http://www.unesco.org/new/en/communication-and-information/portals-and-platforms/goap/access-by-region/latin-america-and-the-caribbean/argentina/
** http://roar.eprints.org/cgi/roar_search/advanced?location_country=ar&software=&type=&order=-recordcount/-date
** http://roarmap.eprints.org/649/
** Biblio: http://www.unesco.org/new/fileadmin/MULTIMEDIA/HQ/CI/pdf/Bibliography%20OA%20LAC%20-%20Nov%202011.pdf
* OA in Argentina in the News
** 2013
** 2012
*** http://blogs.nature.com/news/2012/05/argentine-legislators-approves-open-access-law.html
*** http://www.scidev.net/en/science-communication/open-access/news/argentina-takes-steps-towards-open-access-law.html
*** http://www.mincyt.gov.ar/noticias/noticias_detalles.php?id_noticia=959
** 2011
** older
>>Back to: Open Access in Latin America
# Power Generation/Comparison/Part6

| Power Station | Rank | Maintenance costs Justification |
| Steam Power station | 3 | High. Skilled staff required. |
| Hydro Power station | 1 | Lowest. |
| Diesel Power station | 2 | Low. |
| Nuclear Power station | 4 | Highest. Highly skilled and specialized staff required. |
# Power Generation/Comparison/Part8

| Power Station | Rank | Cost of Fuel Justification | Rank | Clean emissions Justification |
| Steam Power station | 4 | Maximum, due to constant demand of coal & transportation. | 4 | Has highest polluting emissions. |
| Hydro Power station | 1 | Practically nil. | 1 | Biodiversity loss & greenhouse gas emissions from flooded land |
| Diesel Power station | 3 | Higher than Hydro and Nuclear power stations. | 2 | Has cleaner emissions compared to steam & nuclear power stations. |
| Nuclear Power station | 2 | Minimum, due to small quantities of fuel required. | 3 | Has cleaner emissions compared to steam power stations but produces nuclear waste, which is currently an unsolved problem. |
# Power Generation/Diesel Power

Review: Lesson 3
The previous lesson was about the hydro power station. The student is expected to remember the following from the lesson 3:
* Basics:
* Arrangements:
* Location:
* Pumped storage scheme:
Definition, advantages and disadvantages. Components that make up a hydro-power station. Factors influencing selection of construction site. Overview and comparison to hydro-power station.
Preview: Lesson 4
This Lesson is about diesel power stations. The student is expected to understand the following at the end of the lesson:
* Basics:
* Arrangements:
* Advantages and disadvantages:
Definition Components that make up a diesel power station. How this station compares with other types
* Figure 1:Trailer from Danish Emergency Management Agency with 40 kVA generator
Introduction: Diesel Power station
A Diesel power station(also known as Stand-by power station) uses a diesel engine as prime mover for the generation of electrical energy.
This power station is generally compact and thus can be located where it is actually required. This kind of power station can be used to produce limited amounts of electrical energy. In most countries these power stations are used as emergency supply stations.
Operation
The diesel burns inside the engine and the combustion process moves a fluid that turns the engine shaft and drives the alternator. The alternator in turn, converts mechanical energy into electrical energy.
This type of electricity generating power station will probably be used a long time into the future, due to a need for reliable stand-by electrical source for emergency situations.
However, diesel power plants emit green house gases that pollute the environment and also require frequent servicing.
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Simple design & layout of plant | High running charges due to costly price of Diesel |
| Occupies less space & is compact | Plant does not work efficiently under prolonged overload conditions |
| Can be started quickly and picks up load in a short time | Generates small amount of power |
| Requires less water for cooling | Cost of lubrication very high |
| Thermal efficiency better that of Steam Power plant of same size | Maintenance charges are generally high |
| Overall cost is cheaper than that of Steam Power plant of same size | . |
| Requires no Operating staff | . |
| No stand-by losses | . |
If heat produced by _X kg of oil = Y KCal (where 1kWh = 860 KCal)
Then we can derive the overal power plant efficiency as:
Then the engine efficiency becomes:
Where:_ ${\eta }_{alternator}$ is specified by manufacturer
# Power Generation/Comparison/Part2

This lesson will compare the four widely used power stations (steam, hydro, diesel and nuclear) with regard to the following aspects:
* Location & space required
* Initial & running cost
* Overal efficiency & stand-by losses
* Maintenance costs
* Limit of power source
* Cost of Fuel & Clean emissions
* Starting
* Transmission & distribution costs
For the above comparison, sortable lists will be used with the following key of merit:
1 -- Highest merit (Highly desirable) 3 -- Second lowest merit (Tolerable)
2 -- Second highest merit (Acceptable) 4 -- Lowest merit (Not desirable)
You can click on the sorting icon to sort lists by the item you are interested in. This information is vital in deciding the type of power station that would be suitable in different situations.
# Power Generation/Comparison/Part4

| Power Station | Rank | Initial Cost | Rank | Running cost |
| Steam Power station | 2 | Are lower than those of Hydro & Nuclear. | 3 | Higher than hydro & nuclear. |
| Hydro Power station | 3 | Are very high because of dam construction. | 1 | Practically NIL; no fuel needed |
| Diesel Power station | 1 | Lowest compared to all other power stations. | 4 | Highest due to Diesel prices |
| Nuclear Power station | 4 | Highest due to complex nuclear reactors. | 2 | Second lowest |
# Power Generation/Comparison/Part5

| Power Station | Rank | Efficiency | Rank | Losses |
| Steam Power station | 4 | This is plant is ≈ 25% efficient. | 4 | This is due to Boiler remaining in operation even if turbine is switched off. |
| Hydro Power station | 1 | This is plant is ≈ 85% efficient. | 1 | This Plant has no stand-by losses |
| Diesel Power station | 3 | This is plant is ≈ 35% efficient. | 2 | This Plant has lesser stand-by losses |
| Nuclear Power station | 2 | This is plant is ≈ 55% efficient | 3 | This Plant has less stand-by losses |
# Power Generation/Comparison/Part3

| Power Station | Rank | Location | Rank | Space required |
| Steam Power station | 2 | Where there is Enough supply of water and coal. | 3 | Needs sufficient space for all equipment. |
| Hydro Power station | 4 | Where large reservoirs can be obtained by dam construction. | 4 | Needs very large space for constructing a dam |
| Diesel Power station | 1 | Where there is required space & water, thus can be located anywhere. | 2 | Needs very little space for all equipment |
| Nuclear Power station | 3 | Where there is enough supply of water, but must not be too far away from populated areas. | 1 | Needs the least space, compared any other power station of equal capacity |
# Power Generation/Comparison/Part9

| Power Station | Rank | Starting Justification |
| Steam Power station | 4 | Longest starting time. |
| Hydro Power station | 1 | Shortest starting time. |
| Diesel Power station | 2 | Short starting time. |
| Nuclear Power station | 3 | Long starting time. |
# Power Generation/Comparison/Part10

| Power Station | Rank | Transmission & Distribution costs Justification |
| Steam Power station | 2 | Low. Plant is close to load center. |
| Hydro Power station | 4 | Highest. Plant is furthest from load center. |
| Diesel Power station | 1 | Lowest. Plant is at load center. |
| Nuclear Power station | 3 | High. Plant is far from load center. |
# Power Generation/Comparison/Part7

| Power Station | Rank | Limit of source of power |
| Steam Power station | 4 | Has most Limited fuel Reserves. |
| Hydro Power station | 2 | Has undependable water source due to weather variations. |
| Diesel Power station | 3 | Has Limited fuel Reserves. |
| Nuclear Power station | 1 | Has sufficient fuel Reserves. |
# Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/Education 3: The SDG17 International Maritime Health Journal Club
## International Maritime Health Journal Club

Continuous education and research is needed to create "Healthy seafarers on Healthy Ships". To facilitate access to new scientific knowledge in an easy and understandable form, from several articles on the same problem, studies are selected and presented in the headlines:
Background
Research question
What was done (methods)?
What was found?
What do the findings mean?
UN Sustainable Development Goals contribution
How to use this knowledge?
Recommendations

## Articles of relevance

* For seafarers, maritime doctors, ship owners, maritime administrations, schools, researchers
* Review studies with successful Implementation of maritime SDG-Goals
* Observational and intervention studies that needs to be replicated

## Recommendations

* There is sufficient evidence to use the results and follow up of the effect
* There is not sufficient evidence for practice, a review study is needed
* This single study needs replications before it is wise to be applied in practice
# Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/Google Forms Questionnaires/General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12)

French
Maritime Students GHQ12
Tagalog
Maritime Students GHQ12 Google Forms
Seafarers GHQ12 Google Forms
English
Student En GHQ12 ,
Seafarer En GHQ12 ,
Thai
Student Thai GHQ12 ,
Seafarer Thai GHQ12,
Spanish
Student Spanish GHQ12 ,
Seafarer Spanish GHQ12 ,
Danish
Student Danish GHQ12 ,
Seafarer Danish GHQ12 ,
# Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/Education 3: The SDG17 International Maritime Health Journal Club/English Archives/Example 4 Willingness of students majoring in the navigation to work as seafarers in China
## Background

Delivering high-quality students to the navigation industry is very important to international shipping. However, the attraction of shipping industry is decreasing dramatically in recent years.

## Methods

To get insight into the willingness of students majoring in the navigation to work as seafarers after graduation in China, an online survey with 1179 questionnaires are conducted from students majoring in navigation in China was conducted from April to June in 2020.

## Results

To attract more students to work as seafarers, it is recommended by respondents that universities need to strengthen career planning, professional identity and to increase internship frequency, while shipping company and the government should raise salary level, improve working environment and help to reduce the tax for seafarers.

## UNs Sustainable Development Goals contribution:

* Goal 4: Quality Education
* Goal 5: Gender Equity
* Goal 8: Decent Work and Economic Growth

## Is this study sufficient

Yes and no, it should be replicated in other settings and countries - or if is already done in other countries countries it is reason to believe it is useful valid

## Recommended to be done

Maritime Schools and researchers go together to implement similar studies to provide better insight into the willingness of students in the navigation to work as seafarers, as well as their attitude and opinion on seafarer's occupation.
# Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/Education 3: The SDG17 Promoting International Maritime Health Journal Club
## The SDG-17 promoting International Maritime Health Journal Club

The objective is to strengthen the implementation of the UN-17 Sustainable Development Goals in the maritime area.The Researchers and academic staff in universities are key players in promoting Sustainable Development Goals. The SDGs are based on the presence of serious global problems that need to be addressed and solved through research and innovation. Researchers are in a position to provide genuine solutions and inventions to national and international problems facing the pathway to achieving the SDG 2030 agenda. One way is to establish "Journal Club" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_club to support regularly the stakeholders with new scientific knowledge of high validity that they would not else come to know to inspire to implement one or more of the SDG 17 Goals. The reviews need to be short, easy to read and understandable by the stakeholders.

## Structure of the "SDG17 IMH-Journal Club"

* Define the group of members
* Schedule monthly Zoom meetings
* Each member brings 1 or more article to be discussed
* The proposer writes a structured review of an approved article to be disseminated to the stakeholders for free
* Stakeholders are inspired to create a local "IMH-Journal Club" to read and discuss the articles, they like
The review documents stay in MAHRE-Net pages. mails with the text are distributed to Newsletters within the maritime schools, shipping companies, Maritime Authorities, University Research units who may create a local "journal Club"

## Example
#### Aims

To study the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact seafarers mental health problems and fatigue.

#### Methods

622 seafarers from international commercial vessels answered structured questionnaires

#### Results

* Length of seafarers’ time on board increased mental health problems and fatigue
* Onboard peer support and external support reduced mental health problems and fatigue.
* Fast and reliable Internet access on board indirectly reduced mental health problems and fatigue
Evaluation: the results are trustworthy

#### What should be done to implement one or more of SDGs by the stakeholders

* Ship owners
* Seafarers
* Maritime Authorities
* Researchers
* Others

#### Reference

Pauksztat, Birgit, Michelle R. Grech, og Momoko Kitada. “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Seafarers’ Mental Health and Chronic Fatigue: Beneficial Effects of Onboard Peer Support, External Support and Internet Access”. Marine Policy 137 (March 2022): 104942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104942.

#### Authors affiliations

Department of Business Studies, Uppsala University, Sweden ,Australian Maritime Safety Authority, Australia c School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Australia d World Maritime University, Sweden
# Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/Funding application plans
## Funds application plan

Caption text :
| | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May |
| COST | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x | x |
| nn | | | | | | | | | |
| nn | | | | | | | | | |
| nn | | | | | | | | | |
# Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/Google Forms Questionnaires
## Google Forms Questionnaires

* General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12)
* CoPSO Short Copenhagen Psycho-Social Questionnaire CoPSO
* Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire(NMQ)
* Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaires NOSACQ-50
* Nordic Skin Questionnaire NOSQ-2002
# Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/Education 3: The International Maritime Health Journal Club
## The SDG-17 promoting International Maritime Health Journal Club

The objective is to strengthen the implementation of the UN-17 Sustainable Development Goals in the maritime area.The Researchers and academic staff in universities are key players in promoting Sustainable Development Goals. The SDGs are based on the presence of serious global problems that need to be addressed and solved through research and innovation. Researchers are in a position to provide genuine solutions and inventions to national and international problems facing the pathway to achieving the SDG 2030 agenda. One way is to establish "Journal Club" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal_club to support regularly the stakeholders with new scientific knowledge of high validity that they would not else come to know to inspire to implement one or more of the SDG 17 Goals. The reviews need to be short, easy to read and understandable by the stakeholders.

## Structure of the "IMH-Journal Club"

* Define the group of members
* Schedule monthly Zoom meetings
* Each member brings 1 or more article to be discussed
* The proposer writes a structured review of an approved article to be disseminated to the stakeholders for free
* Stakeholders are inspired to create a local "IMH-Journal Club" to read and discuss the articles, they like
The review documents stay in MAHRE-Net pages. mails with the text are distributed to Newsletters within the maritime schools, shipping companies, Maritime Authorities, University Research units who may create a local "journal Club"

## Example
#### Aims

To study the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact seafarers mental health problems and fatigue.

#### Methods

622 seafarers from international commercial vessels answered structured questionnaires

#### Results

* Length of seafarers’ time on board increased mental health problems and fatigue
* Onboard peer support and external support reduced mental health problems and fatigue.
* Fast and reliable Internet access on board indirectly reduced mental health problems and fatigue
Evaluation: the results are trustworthy

#### What should be done to implement one or more of SDGs by the stakeholders

* Ship owners
* Seafarers
* Maritime Authorities
* Researchers
* Others

#### Reference

Pauksztat, Birgit, Michelle R. Grech, og Momoko Kitada. “The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Seafarers’ Mental Health and Chronic Fatigue: Beneficial Effects of Onboard Peer Support, External Support and Internet Access”. Marine Policy 137 (March 2022): 104942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104942.

#### Authors affiliations

Department of Business Studies, Uppsala University, Sweden ,Australian Maritime Safety Authority, Australia c School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Australia d World Maritime University, Sweden
# Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/Google Forms Questionnaires/CoPSO Short

CoPSoQ short for seafarers
# Maritime Health Research and Education-NET/Google Forms Questionnaires/Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire(NMQ)
#### English

En Student Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire
En Seafarers Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire(NMQ)

#### Spanish

Es Estudiantes Cuestionario nórdico musculoesquelético (NMQ)
Es Gente del Mar Cuestionario nórdico musculoesquelético (NMQ)
Es Portuarios Cuestionario nórdico musculoesquelético (NMQ)

#### Danish

Da Havnearbejdere Nordisk Sikkerhedklima NOSACQ-50
# Psychology of online social networking

Psychological aspects of online social networking are a relatively new area of research - or at least research is some way behind popularity and ubiquity of online social networking behaviours and their associated impacts on people's lives.

## Possible research questions

* What are users' main motivations for using online social networking services? To what extent are these motivations satisfied? Does the match between motivations and satisfactions predict usage and retention? (Based on Clary and Snyder's functional approach to volunteerism motivation)
* What are "effective" and "ineffective" uses of online social networking? (i.e., how does use of online social networking services help or hinder people's lives?)
** How can effective uses be fostered and latter uses minimised?
* How stressful or beneficial do people find use of online social networking services to be?
** What coping functions does online social networking provide?
** How effective is online social networking as a coping method for dealing with different types of hassles and stress?
** How do people envisage their "ideal" online social networking environment and usage?
* What is the role of personality in prosocial and antisocial behaviour in online social networking?
* What are users' most and least favourable aspects of their online social network usage?
* What is the effect of online social networking on high school student relationships?
* To what extent does online social networking use increase or decrease social anxiety (and why)?
* To what extent does online social networking affect shyness?
* What is the effect of individuals' use of online social networking public and private self-awareness?
# Psychology papers

This psychology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
* Power and Love: Sadomasochistic Practices in Long-Term Committed Relationships
* Making Over Masculinity
# Psychology of natural scenes/List

This is a list of images used in studies of the psychological effects of natural scenes: