OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Polymers/Electron beam

Electron Beam generators are used to modify surface and bulk properties of polymer films by grafting or crosslinking, but also for initiating polymerisation and curing.
The Energy Sciences International Electron Beam at the Laboratory of Polymer Technology at Åbo Akademi University

## Principle

Electrons are generated with a wolfram (tungsten) filament in vacuum. The electrons are accelerated in an electric field towards a window allowing them to escape from the vacuum chamber. Samples underneath the beam are subjected to the electrons, which are creating cascades of new, lower energy electrons, when colliding in the material. The penetration depth is a function of material density and acceleration voltage.
Electron beam instruments are often classified as high energy (5.0 - 10.0 MeV), medium energy (0.5 - 5.0 MeV), and low energy accelerators (0.1 - 0.5 MeV). The depicted instrument above can accelerate electrons up to 0.175 MeV.

## Doses

The energy absorption in a material is expressed in the SI-unit Gray (Gy) which amounts to 1J (Joule) of energy absorbed in 1 kg of matter. The dose rate is expressed as Gy/s.

## Application Example

--Kalle 05:59, 27 October 2006 (UTC)
# Polynomial/1/Degree/Definition

The degree of a nonzero polynomial
    $P=a_{0}+a_{1}X+a_{2}X^{2}+\cdots +a_{n}X^{n}\,$
with $a_{n}\neq 0$ is $n$.
# Spanish 2/Review
## Review
### Adjectives

Remember that adjectives describe people, places, and things. In Spanish, adjectives have the same number and gender as the nouns they describe and they usually come after the nouns.
Masculine (Singular)
* serio
* deportista
* trabajador
* paciente
* joven
Masculine (Plural)
* serios
* deportistas
* trabajadores
* pacientes
* jóvenes
Feminine (Singular)
* seria
* deportista
* trabajadora
* paciente
* joven
Feminine (Plural)
* serias
* deportistas
* trabajadoras
* pacientes
* jóvenes

### Ser

You've learned that the verb ser is used to tell what someone is like.
* soy - I am
* eres - you are (singular)
* es - he/she is
* somos - we are
* sois - you are (plural)
* son - they are
Note: Last warning, usted and ustedes conjugate in 3rd person form.

### Nationalities

You've have already learned many adjectives about nationality. The Spanish words for nationalities are based on the country's name, similar to English.
* mexicano(a) - Mexican
* estadounidense - U.S. citizen (American)
* cubano(a) - Cuban
* dominicano(a) - Dominican
* puertorriqueño(a) - Puerto Rican
* salvadoreño(a) - Salvadorian
* guatemalteco(a) - Guatemalan
* hondureño(a) - Honduran
* nicaragüense - Nicaraguan
* costarricense - Costa Rican
* panameño(a) - Panamainian
* colombiano(a) - Colombian
* venezolano(a) - Venezuela
* ecuatoriano(a) - Ecuadorian
* peruano(a) - Peruvian
* boliviano(a) - Bolivian
* paraguayo(a) - Paraguayan
* chileno(a) - Chilean
* argentino(a) - Argentine
* uruguayo(a) - Uruguayan
* español(a) - Spaniard
* ecuatoguineano(a) - Equatorial Guinean
* norteamericano(a) - North American
* canadiense - Canadian

### Present tense of regular verbs

Remember that in Spanish there are 3 groups of regular verbs that end in -ar, -er, and -ir. These are dropped to form the present tense of a verb and adding the appropriate present-tense ending.
hablar
* hablo
* hablas
* habla
* hablamos
* habláis
* hablan
comer
* como
* comes
* come
* comemos
* coméis
* comen
vivir
* vivo
* vives
* vive
* vivimos
* vivís
* viven

### Tener

Use the verb tener to show relationship, possession, age, or other expressions.
* tengo
* tienes
* tiene
* tenemos
* tenéis
* tienen

### Verbs with irregular yo forms

* hacer - to do, to make
** hago - I do, I make
* poner - to put
** pongo - I put
* traer - to bring
** traigo - I bring
# Programming Fundamentals/Functions/Swift
## Try It

Copy and paste the code above into one of the following free online development environments or use your own Swift compiler / interpreter / IDE.
* paiza.IO
* repl.it
* Online Swift Playground

## See Also

* Apple: Swift Programming Language
# Programming Fundamentals/IDE/Assembly

An assembly (or assembler) language, often abbreviated asm, is any low-level programming language in which there is a very strong correspondence between the program's statements and the architecture's machine code instructions.

## Free Online IDEs

* CodeChef
* IDEone
* TutorialsPoint

## See Also

* Wikipedia: Assembly language
# Programming Fundamentals/Functions/Style

Programming style is a set of rules or guidelines used when writing the source code for a computer program. Following a particular programming style will help programmers read and understand source code conforming to the style, and help to avoid introducing errors. This activity introduces programming style and will help you apply standard programming style in a program.

## Objectives

* Understand programming style.
* Recognize standard programming style for your selected programming language.
* Use a programming-style checker (linter) to validate programming style for a program.

## Prerequisites

* Review Wikipedia: Programming style.
* Review Wikipedia: Naming convention (programming)

## Introduction
### Questions

* What aspects of programming would you want to include in a standard style guide?
* What is a naming convention?
* What naming convention is used in the programming language you are using for this course?

## Activity

With a partner, perform the following:
* Research "_____ style guide", where _____ is your selected programming language. There are typically multiple style guides available for a given language. Which source do you trust? Why?
* Select a source you trust and review the style guide. Note the following:
** Maximum recommended line length
** Line continuation character
** Code block structure
** Standard indentation
** Blank lines
** White space
** Comments
** Variable and function naming conventions
* Search for a linter or code beautifier for your selected programming language. Run the tool on a program you have created to test your code formatting.

## Applications

* What are the advantages of having a standard programming style for a given programming language?
* What tool can you use to validate your programming style, and when will you use this tool?
* Discuss your activity experience with your classmates. What surprised you? What have you learned that you can apply to your own school or work environment?
# Programming Fundamentals/Functions/VB.NET
## Try It

Copy and paste the code above into one of the following free online development environments or use your own VB.NET compiler / interpreter / IDE.
* paiza.IO
* TutorialsPoint

## See Also

* Wikibooks: Visual Basic .NET
# Programming Fundamentals/IDE

An integrated development environment (IDE) is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. An IDE normally consists of a source code editor, build automation tools and a debugger. Most modern IDEs have intelligent code completion. Some IDEs, such as NetBeans and Eclipse, contain a compiler, interpreter, or both; others, such as SharpDevelop and Lazarus, do not. The boundary between an integrated development environment and other parts of the broader software development environment is not well-defined. Sometimes a version control system, or various tools to simplify the construction of a Graphical User Interface (GUI), are integrated. Many modern IDEs also have a class browser, an object browser, and a class hierarchy diagram, for use in object-oriented software development.
A web integrated development environment (Web IDE or WIDE), also known as cloud IDE, is a browser based IDE that allows for software development or web development. A web IDE can be accessed from a web browser, such as Google Chrome or Internet Explorer, allowing for a portable work environment. A web IDE does not usually contain all of the same features as a traditional, or desktop, IDE, although all of the basic IDE features, such as syntax highlighting, are typically present.

## Subpages

Special:Prefixindex/Programming Fundamentals/IDE/

## See Also

* Wikipedia: Integrated development environment
* Wikipedia: Web integrated development environment
* Wikipedia: Comparison of online source code playgrounds
# Programming Fundamentals/IDE/Bash

Bash is a Unix shell and command language written by Brian Fox for the GNU Project as a free software replacement for the Bourne shell. First released in 1989, it has been distributed widely as it is a default shell on the major Linux distributions and macOS (formerly OS X). In 2016 it was also made available by Microsoft for use in Windows 10 Anniversary Update, though it is not installed by default.

## Free Online IDEs

* CodeChef
* Ideone
* paiza.IO
* repl.it
* TutorialsPoint

## See Also

* Wikipedia: Bash (Unix shell)
# Using video/YouTube playlists

With a Youtube account, there are many authoring features available, and one of the most useful for teaching and research is the Playlist feature. When signed in to Youtube, search for a video and when you find something useful, click the "Add To" button below the video. Here's some more help on Youtube playlists: How to make a basic playlist, Playlist programming, Other ideas with Youtube

## For teaching

You can often use Youtube playlists as effective alternatives to presentations and lectures. Take the key topics of points you would normally make in a lesson, or need to make in this lesson. Use those topics of points in a search through Youtube. When you find useful videos, add them to a playlist with your lesson title. Once you have all the videos you would use in this playlist, consider adding webcam recordings of yourself introducing and/or summarising each video point, and to add continuity to the playlist. You can now embed the playlist in your website, or email the link to your playlist.
Help on Youtube playlists: How to make a basic playlist, Playlist programming, Other ideas with Youtube

## For learning

As a small activity individuals can create a Youtube account and collect videos on Youtube into a playlist for a specified technique or topic. Playlists are a feature of all Youtube accounts, and a great way to manage and re present Youtube content, and creating playlists can be an activity that sets people up for effective use of Youtube as a learning platform.
Help on Youtube playlists: How to make a basic playlist, Playlist programming, Other ideas with Youtube

## For assignments

Building on the Youtube playlist teaching and learning activities described earlier, the playlist creation can be used for a longer term assignment. After surveying videos on Youtube for a specified technique or topic, and adding good videos to a playlists, the playlist can be customised and submitted as an assignment. An extension to this assignment could be that by working either in groups or as individuals, people produce videos where none adequately existed in the playlist collection.
The playlists that are submitted in these assignments can help you as the teacher to update and improve your own playlists, thus helping to set up the next group of students with the best and most current information on Youtube per year.

## Considerations

Bare in mind that Youtube is a commercial social media site and the availability of the service or videos held within it should not be overly relied upon - particularly for longer term recording of formal assignment and assessments. A strategy to mitigate this risk is to require videos that are added to playlists carry the Creative Commons Attribution copyright license, and to use a video downloader like Keepvid to make a copy and backup of suitably copyrighted videos.
# Using video/YouTube, Archive and Commons

Here's a playlist on the basics of creating video, from using Youtube and Google Hangouts, through to Archive and Wikimedia Commons. (Strong language warning!): How to make online video
# Using video/Mixed media in assessment

Ruth Ford's presentation for AAAOpenConf2013
# Using video/Using video in teaching professional therapy

Colleen Cousins, Nella Charles, Karen Smith and Imogen O'Neill all teach into Family Therapy subjects. They use video to introduce topics and provide weekly feedback to students online. In this interview, they talk about their experiences with the method, and how they felt online video might work with the teaching of therapy practice.
# Using video/Media production and management in the Faculty of Health Sciences La Trobe University

Brian Dunell works in the School of Nursing and Midwifery, producing video and web content. Cameron Grant and Frank Niebling work across the Faculty, in both teaching and research work. In this discussion, Brian, Frank, Cameron and Leigh discuss the process of producing educational media in the Faculty.
# V509 Cassiopeiae

Wikiversity welcomes most types of learning materials that are not encyclopedia articles, textbooks, or source texts. Please note that Wikiversity is not a place for duplication of other Wikimedia projects.
Wikiversity has adopted a "learn by doing" model for online education and encourages the creation of learning activities for Wikiversity participants. Everyone is invited to help add useful content to Wikiversity. If you need help learning how to add content, see the editing tutorial and Welcome, newcomers. Visit the Colloquium if you have any questions.
# University of Canberra/Plagiarism

The University of Canberra policy on plagiarism:
"Academic integrity, based on the principles of ethical behaviour and a respect for knowledge, is fundamental to the academic environment at the University. Good scholarship involves building on the work of others but this use must be acknowledged and proper attribution made. Cheating, plagiarism, and falsification of data are dishonest practices which contravene academic values. The University regards academic dishonesty as a serious offence and a penalty will be imposed on anyone found guilty of such conduct. The two main forms of academic dishonesty are plagiarism in assignments and misconduct in examinations." (Studying at the University of Canberra: a Guide to Policies and Procedures, 01/2008, p. 10).
Definition and examples of plagiarism
"Plagiarism means claiming and using the thoughts or writings or creative works of others without appropriate acknowledgment or attribution. It includes:
* copying part or all of another student's assignment;
* allowing another person to write some or all of your assignment;
* copying paragraphs, sentences or parts of sentences directly from texts or the internet without enclosing them in quotation marks or otherwise showing them to be copied; even if the source is acknowledged, this is still plagiarism;
* using concepts or developed ideas, even if paraphrased or summarised, from another person, from texts or the internet without acknowledging the source; and
* copying graphics, architectural plans, multimedia works or other forms of intellectual property without appropriate acknowledgment._" (Student Academic Integrity Policy, 07/04/2008, p.2).
For more information see the Academic Integrity Module.
# University of Canberra/LEAG
## Learning Environments Advisory Group

This group seeks to facilitate the creation and nurturing of conducive on-campus and online learning environments at the University of Canberra.
# University of Canberra/RCC

* About | 2012 | 2011 | 2010
The University of Canberra Recent Changes Camps are part of our outreach to the wiki community, to meet and learn about wiki work, and open, networked practices generally. We plan to host RCC at least once a year from now on. Please see the year links in the above navigation template for documentation of past events.
The last RCC Canberra was held on 20–22 January 2012.

## Follow the work people are doing here

* Click this link for Recent Changes to the University of Canberra RecetChangesCamp pages.
* Those using RSS to track changes can subscribe here.
The pages with the most recent changes are listed below:
* University of Canberra/RCC
* University of Canberra/RCC/Navigation
* University of Canberra/RCC2011
* University of Canberra/RCC2010
* Talk:University of Canberra/RCC2011
* University of Canberra/RCC2012
* Talk:University of Canberra/RCC2012
* University of Canberra/RCC2010/Registration
* University of Canberra/RCC2010/Schedule
* University of Canberra/RCC2010/Wikiversity
* University of Canberra/RCC2010/Wiki community and usability
* University of Canberra/RCC2010/Wikis for applied learning
* University of Canberra/RCC2010/Conversations behind wikis
* University of Canberra/RCC2010/Wikis for Community Consultation
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/The future of the Vocational Education and Training sector
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/Wikiversity for postgraduate education
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/RecentChangesCamp Expanded/San Francisco
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/Going forward: Future wiki conferences
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/Wikimedia Australia session
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/When will wikis supersede traditional Word Processing?
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/All about Appropedia
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/All about Wikitravel
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/WikiCulture
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/Wikis for fun
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/Discussion About Open Space
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/Open Educational Resources
* University of Canberra/RCC2011/The Bruce Declaration
# University of Canberra/Graduate attributes

The University of Canberra aims to facilitate the development of 19 graduate attributes in its undergraduate students.

## Graduate attributes

* UC graduates are professional. Because we collaborate closely with industry and other stakeholders, our graduates have the knowledge, skills and attitudes to succeed in their profession and become leaders in their field. UC graduates can:
** communicate effectively;
** display initiative and drive, and use their organisation skills to plan and manage their workload;
** employ up-to-date and relevant knowledge and skills;
** use creativity, critical thinking, analysis and research skills to solve theoretical and real-world problems;
** work collaboratively as part of a team, negotiate, and resolve conflict;
** take pride in their professional and personal integrity.
* UC graduates are global citizens. We support students to gain the knowledge and confidence to be global citizens. UC graduates can:
** think globally about issues in their profession;
** adopt an informed and balanced approach across professional and international boundaries;
** understand issues in their profession from the perspective of other cultures;
** communicate effectively in diverse cultural and social settings;
** make creative use of technology in their learning and professional lives;
** behave ethically and sustainably in their professional and personal lives.
* UC graduates are lifelong learners. Our graduates are passionate about being at the forefront of their profession, staying in touch with the latest research, news and technology. UC graduates can:
** reflect on their own practice, updating and adapting their knowledge and skills for continual professional and academic development;
** be self-aware;
** adapt to complexity, ambiguity and change by being flexible and keen to engage with new ideas;
** evaluate and adopt new technology.
* UC graduates are able to demonstrate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ways of knowing, being and doing. UC graduates can:
** use local Indigenous histories and traditional ecological knowledge to develop and augment understanding of their discipline;
** communicate and engage with Indigenous Australians in ethical and culturally respectful ways;
** apply their knowledge to working with Indigenous Australians in socially just ways.
# University of Canberra/Innovation/Header

Welcome to Innovation at University of Canberra.
You can start discussing innovations anywhere and everywhere. We need to foster such discussions, then gather these ideas and work out the themes and consider what is important and achievable. We can then promote some community-endorsed flagship projects and work to implementation. As we learn, we will hopefully become more effective.
Got an idea? Start a new section below and describe it. Others can then edit and improve.
# Student Projects/Newton's laws of motion

Newton’s laws of motion : The idea and the reality of motion existed even before Newton published his laws of motion but they were useful to humans, i.e, only applicable which are still used in many scientific technologies and the fame all goes to Newton. Following are the Newton 3 laws
1st law or law of inertia : “Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform in a straight line unless it is compelled to change the state of forces impressed on it”
2nd law : “Force is equal to the change in momentum per change in time” F=ma
3rd law : “For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction”
# Student Projects/Nutrition
## Nutrition

Nutrition is intake of food, absorption, assimilation, biosynthesis, catabolism and excretion. Nutritional science studies how the body breaks food down (catabolism) and how it repairs and creates cells and tissue (anabolism) using the assimilated nutrients. Catabolism and anabolism combined can also be referred to as metabolism.
There are 6 essential nutrients that our body needs to function properly. Nutrients are compounds in foods essential to life and health, providing us with energy, the building blocks for repair and growth and substances necessary to regulate chemical processes. They are Carbohydrates (CHO), Lipids (fats), Proteins, Vitamins, Minerals and Water.

### Modes of Nutrition
#### Autotrophic nutrition

In autotrophic nutrition, an organism makes its own food from simple raw materials. Such organism are called autotrophs.
They can be of 2 types:
* Photoautotrophs: Organisms that make food with the help of photosynthesis using light.
* Chemoautotrophs: Organisms that make food using inorganic energy sources such as hydrogen sulphide, elemental sulphur, ferrous iron, molecular hydrogen, and ammonia.Heterotrophs

#### Heterotrophic nutrition

In heterotrophic nutrition organisms obtain food from other organisms. As heterotrophs depend on other organisms for their food, they are also called consumers. All animals and non-green plants like fungi come under this category.
They can be broadly divided into 2:
* Holozoic nutrition: In holozoic nutrition complex organic substances are ingested (taken in) without it being degraded or decomposed.eg; amoeba, humans, cows, pitcher plant
* Parasitic nutrition: In this type of nutrition, organisms, or parasites, live on or inside other living organisms, called hosts, and obtain their food from them.eg; Cuscuta (akash-bel), Cassytha (amar-bel), hookworms, tapeworms, leeches, etc.

#### Saprotrophic Nutrition

Nutrition in which organisms(Saprotrophs) derive their food from dead organisms. They secrete enzymes that are released on food material outside their body. These enzymes break down complex food into simple forms. Common examples of saprotrophs are fungi (moulds, mushrooms, yeasts) and many bacteria.
* ↑ "Nutrition". www.who.int. Retrieved 2020-04-09.
# Student Projects/Oddissi dance

Odissi dance is a classical dance that is originated in Odisha. The dance expresses religious stories & spiritual ideas particularly of Vaishanavism. Odissi dance is a dance drama which play out a mythical story using body movement, abhinaya & mudras. The dance include nrita, nritya & natya as well as moksha. The foundation of odissi dance are found in Natyashastra, the ancient Hindu text. The basic dance units described in Natyashastra, all the 108 of them are similar to those in odissi dance. The dance described the theory of tandava dance, the theory of rasa of bhava,expression, gesture, acting skill, standing posture all of which are the parts of Indian Classical dance.