OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wikiphilosophers/Free will

Free will is the capacity or ability to choose between different possible courses of action. The question is whether free will really exists. Are our actions predetermined or do we really control what we will do?
Read users' philosophical views below.
# Wikiphilosophers/Goodness/S. Perquin

I think you are a good person if you always strive to be the best you can be. I believe every person already does this subconsciously, so then everyone is a good person deeply within themselves. Subconsciously, deep down, I think you know whether you are walking the right path or not. Should this not be the case, you will naturally be adjusted by gaining new insights. Some people are influenced by bad outside influences, but that doesn't make them a bad person, I think. Sometimes people act out of desperation, but this is what they are driven to do.
By assuming the goodness of people, I think you also get a positive perception of humanity and forgive people for their actions. No baby is born a bad person, I think. If everyone would accept that every human being is influenceable and that one does not choose to be influenced, I think everyone would understand and accept each other much more.
# Wikiphilosophers/Happiness

Happiness is a positive and pleasant emotion, ranging from contentment to intense joy. How do you become happy? And can you actually be truly happy? And how can you sustain happiness?
Read users' philosophical views below.
# Wikiphilosophers/Free will/S. Perquin

Everything that happens has a cause. Every event occurs because of what happened in the past. Natural laws cause phenomena in the universe to succeed one another in the way they do, so does one's own actions. One cannot do anything other than what one does because one is stuck in the chain of cause-effect. When something happens to one, one starts thinking all kinds of things and acts accordingly. What one thinks and the way one thinks is the result of one's current understandings. Each situation creates new insights, so with each new situation one thinks and acts on these insights.
This means that all events are basically predetermined. In the beginning of our universe it was already established that events that were going to happen were going to happen. Therefore, everything can only go one way - the way it will go. Therefore, one does not possess free will, in the sense that she determines for herself what she thinks, feels and does. The idea that one is in control of oneself is only an illusion. Although it feels as if the things you think, feel and do come from you, they are actually caused by the laws of nature.
# Wikiphilosophers/Extraterrestrial life/S. Perquin

There are an estimated trillions of planets in the universe, billions of which would be in the habitable zone. According to current understanding, there should be at least 10 billion habitable planets in our galaxy alone. The probability of there being any form of life on such planets is logically enormous. After all, life also originated on our planet, which means that life should be able to develop on other planets, provided the living conditions are beneficial. The probability of very primitive extraterrestrial life should be many times greater than the probability of very advanced intelligent extraterrestrial life, since world disasters would thwart the overall development of life species.
However, this should not mean that the probability of highly advanced intelligent extraterrestrial life does not exist. On the contrary, there should theoretically be only one form of highly advanced intelligent extraterrestrial life, wherever it is in the universe, that could detect us. For once they would have solved all the mysteries of the universe and could manipulate and shape the universe, they would in fact have all possible knowledge and power over everything within the universe.
# Wright State University Lake Campus/2018-9/Phy2410

Quizbank/University_Physics_Semester_2 (See tests and answers here)
* Today is Saturday, October 5, 2024 Current time is 18:51 UTC refresh
* Syllabus
* Textbook (Vol 2) online pdf download
* http://www.wright.edu/~guy.vandegrift/openstaxphysics/quiz_solutions/quiz_solutions.htm
* Notes

### Final exam: Quizbank/University Physics Semester 2/T9

2/9 from Special:Permalink/1902372 to QB/d_cp2.11 | Equations 2/11 from Special:Permalink/1892310 to QB/d_cp2.12 | Equations 1/9 from Special:Permalink/1893631 to QB/d_cp2.13 | Equations 1/6 from Special:Permalink/1892308 to QB/d_cp2.14 | Equations 1/8 from Special:Permalink/1894891 to QB/d_cp2.15 | Equations 2/6 from Special:Permalink/1895295 to QB/d_cp2.16 | Equations 2/4 from Special:Permalink/1863401 to QB/c24ElectromagneticWaves_displacementCurrent | Equations (there might be a bit more?)

## Footnotes

Equations for this unit were taken from
* OpenStax University Physics/V2
* OpenStax University Physics/E&M
| Week | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
| Test | | T1 9/6 Th | | T2 9/18 Tu | | T3 10/02 Tu | | T4 10/16 Tu | | T5 10/30 Tu | | T7 11/12 Tu | Thanksgiving | | T8 12/4 Tu |

## Subpages

Special:Prefixindex/Wright State University Lake Campus/2018-9/Phy2410/
# 1000 Songs/Shall we gather at the river (Robert Lowry)

Shall we gather at the river (Robert Lowry)
1000 Songs
# 1000 Songs/Silent night holy night (Joseph Mohr)

Silent night holy night (Joseph Mohr)
1000 Songs
# 1000 Songs/Sanctus Sanctus Sanctus--Holy holy holy

Holy Holy Holy (Sanctus Sanctus Sanctus)
1000 Songs

## Text
### Author

The text is comprised of two sections from the Bible: Isaiah 6:3 and part of Matthew 21:9. The original editor who combined the text is unclear. The original text is:
=== Translations/Challenges ===The English version of Sanctus has been translated many times, mostly to keep with the current language.

### Editor's Choice

Holy, Holy, Holy Lord God of hosts. Heaven and earth are full of your glory. Hosanna in the highest. Blessed is he who comes in the name of the Lord. Hosanna in the highest

## Music
### Tune

There is no official tune, and there have been many different arrangements of the text for Sanctus. The original was accompanied by standard plainchant.

### Arrangements

The first English arrangement was written by John Merbecke in The Common Book of Prayer in 1550. This was notated in neumes.

### Editor's Choice

As stated, there are many modern versions of the Sanctus to be sung by a choir. This arrangement by Craig Courtney is rather beautiful as performed by the 2009 OMEA Honors choir.

## Background
### Historical setting

The historical setting of the Sanctus is interesting. The original publication of the text in English (and subsequently the music) was published in 1549 (and arranged in 1550). The original Latin text was used early in the Catholic church's history, along side other chants such as Kyrie which were part of a set loosely related to the Trisagion.
# 1000 Songs/Shepherd of Eager Youth (Clement of Alexandria)

Shepherd of Eager Youth (Clement of Alexandria)
1000 Songs

## Text

Shepherd of eager youth, guiding in love and truth through devious ways; Christ our triumphant King, we come thy Name to sing and here our children bring to join thy praise.
Thou art our holy Lord, the all-subduing Word, healer of strife. Thou didst thyself abase that from sin's deep disgrace thou mightest save our race and give us life.
Thou art the great High Priest; thou hast prepared the feast of heavenly love; none calls on thee in vain, thee who didst not disdain help in thy mortal pain, help from above. Ever be thou our guide, our Shepherd and our pride, our staff and song; Jesus, thou Christ of God, by thy perennial word lead us where thou hast trod, make our faith strong.
So now, and till we die, sound we thy praises high and joyful sing; let all the holy throng who to thy church belong, unite and swell the song to Christ our King.

### Author

Clement of Alexandria wrote the text to Shepherd of Eager Youth circa A.D. 200. It is probably the first Christian hymn whose author is known.

### Translations/Challenges

Originally written in Greek, Shepherd of Eager youth was first translated into English by Henry Martyn Dexter in 1846
"Eager" a (from 4235 /práos, "before, in front of" and 2372 thymós, "passion") – properly, "before-passion" referring to someone who is already being willing, i.e. an eager disposition which is pre-inclined (already "ready and willing")
There is also the small issue of much old English in the text, (thou, thee, thy, dost, etc.). This can be easily remedied by replacing the old english with more modern pronouns. Thus this hymn text could be easily adapted to fit a modern worship scenario, as is demonstrated below.

### Editor's Choice

Andrea Ullom, Rebeka Drew, Matthew Christie, Bryan Meese
Shepherd of tender youth,
guiding in love and truth
Through devious ways;
Christ, our triumphant king,
We come your name to sing
And here our children bring
To join your praise
You are holy Lord,
The all-subduing Word,
Healer of strife.
You give us life
You are the great High Priest;
You have prepared the feast
Of holy love;
And in our mortal pain
None calls on You in vain; Our pleas do not distain;
Help from above.
Holy Lord, holy Lord, holy Lord
(You give life)
Giver of life.

## Music

Here is a recording of the new setting. Shepherd of Eager Youth

### Tune

Shepherd of Eager Youth is most often sung to the tune "Olivet" by Lowell Mason.
Alternate tunes can be found here

### Editor's Choice

Although OLIVET is somewhat less familiar than the other tune options mentioned above, it fits the text best.

## Background
### Author biography

Clement of Alexandria
# 1000 Songs/ST THEODULPH (Melchior Teschner)

ST THEODULPH (Melchior Teschner)
1000 Songs
# 1000 Songs/Save the world, O Savior (Romanus)

Save the world, O Savior (Romanus)
1000 Songs

## Text
### Author

St. Romanus

### Editor's Choice

Save the world, O Saviour. This is why you have come. Straighten your whole universe. This is what you have shone on me and on the priests and on all creation. See the priest, whom you have shown the light of your face, fall down before you and offer you gifts, useful, upright, and yearning to see you. For I have need of them, since I am about to run to Egypt and flee with you and for you, my Lord, my Guide, my Maker, my Redeemer, a little Child, God before the ages.
Romanus wrote over 1,000 hymns (kontakion) consisting of 18 to 24 metrical stanzas (verses). This text comes from the 24th verse of his work known as the Nativity of Christ

## Background
### Author biography

Very little is known about Romulus (also known as "Romulus the Melodist" or "Romulus the Singer"). He lived throughout the 6th Century, was born a Syrian, and served as a deacon in the church of Beirut.

### Author's circumstances

Romanus was known as a poor reader. One night as he was sleeping in the Church of the Most Holy Theotokos (Mary, Mother of God), he saw the Most Holy Theotokos in his dream. She handed him a scroll and said "take the paper and eat it." In his dream, Romanus took the scroll, ate it, and when he woke up he immediately began chanting his famous Kontakion of the Nativity of Christ.

### Historical setting

Romulus lived during the reign of Emperor Anastasius I and possibly Emperor Justinian. Durring the reign of Anastasius I, Romulus moved to Constanople, which was one of the largest cities in Eastern Rome after Constantine moved the Capital of Rome from the city of Rome to Constantinople. However, this was a rather flux period for Rome after the alleged "fall of Rome" in 476, filled with many influences and invasions from Germanic tribes.
# 1000 Songs/Sing praise to God who reigns above (Johann Jakob Schutz)

Sing praise to God who reigns above (Johann Jakob Schutz)
1000 Songs

## Text
### Author

The Hymn “Sing Praise to God Who Reigns Above” was written by Johann Jakob Schütz, a German attorney who was also known for writing several hymns. He lived from 1640 to 1690.

### Translations/Challenges

The text of “Sing Praise to God Who Reigns Above” was originally written in Schütz’s vernacular, German. The originally German text was written by Schütz in 1675. Frances E. Cox, from England, is responsible for the English translation, made in 1864. In 1841, it was first published in a collection called, “Sacred Hymns from the German".

### Editor's Choice

See full text here.

## Music
### Tune

The text of “Sing Praise to God Who Reigns Above” has been sung to various tunes. Perhaps the most popular tune to accompany the text is the anonymous Mit Freuden Zart tune. The text has also been sung to one of Martin Luther’s tunes, Nun Freut Euch, composed in 1535.

### Editor's Choice

Listen to the tune here.

## Background
### Author biography

Johann Jacob Schütz was the son of a German lawyer which influenced him to want to study law himself. Schütz grew up in a Lutheran congregation, pastored by Philip Spener.

### Author's circumstances

Philip Spener became well known for promoting a revival in the Lutheran church as he noticed it begin to lack the piety that it once had. Schütz, being a part of his congregation, was strongly influenced by the ideas of Spener and held close to the ideas of piety and discipleship as a means of spiritual growth. In surveying the text of “Sing Praise to God Who Reigns Above”, the pietistic influence is apparent. The text includes a declaration of the unceasing presence and reigning power of God, even during times of trials, persecution, and suffering.

### Historical setting

Historically, the text of this hymn was written well after the onset of the protestant reformation. One of the key ideals that arose out of the reformation was the increased use of scripture for spiritual truth. Martin Luther worked hard to make the bible available to the common people of Germany, so that people could read and understand the scripture for themselves, rather than always looking to the Pope for answers. It is common to see hymn texts from this period to be scripturally sound.
# 1000 Songs/Sinners Jesus will receive (Erdmann Neumeister)

Sinners Jesus will receive (Erdmann Neumeister)
1000 Songs
# 1000 Songs/Sing joyfully to the Lord you righteous Ps 033

Sing joyfully to the Lord you righteous Ps 033
1000 Songs

## Text

If You Will Only Let God Guide You (Georg Neumark)
Original German Text:
Wer nur den lieben Gott lässt walten Und hoffet auf ihn allezeit, Den wird er wunderbar erhalten In aller Not und Traurigkeit. Wer Gott, dem Allerhöchsten, traut, Der hat auf keinen Sand gebaut.
Man halte nur ein wenig stille Und sei doch in sich selbst vergnügt, Wie unsers Gottes Gnadenwille, Wie sein Allwissenheit es fügt, Gott, der uns ihm hat auserwählt, Der weiss am besten, was uns felt.
Er kennt die rechten Freudenstunden, Er weiss wohl, was uns nützlich sei: Wenn err uns nur hat treu erfunden Und merket keine Heuchelei, So kommt Gott, er wir’s uns versehn, Und lässet uns viel Guts geschehn.
Sing, bet und geh auf Gottes Wegen, Verricht das Deine nur getreu Und trau des Himmels reichem Segen, So wird er bei dir werden neu; Denn welcher seine Zuversicht, Auf Gott setzt, den verlässt er nicht.

### Author

If You Will Only Let God Guide You was written by Georg Neumarkin 1641. It is in the meter of 9.8.9.8.8.8. and is based off of Psalm 33.

### Translations/Challenges

The original song of If you Will Only Let God Guide you was in German. Eventually the song was translated by Catherine Winkworth into English in 1855. Along with the translations of German to English, there has been the problem of old English and finding further understanding.

### Editor's Choice

In the Hymnal for Worship and Celebration, If you Will Only Let God Guide you, translated by Catherine Winkworth is in my opinion the best translation musically and metrically.

## Music
### Tune

The tune is also written by Georg Neumark.

### Editor's Choice

Original tune by Georg Neumark

## Background
### Author biography

Biography of Georg Neumark

### Historical setting

Thirty Years' War
# 1000 Songs/Sing to the Lord a new song Ps 098

Sing to the Lord a new song Ps 098
1000 Songs
# Assuming good faith

"Assume good faith" is one of the most fundamental principles we use on the Wikimedia wikis when we come across a contributor with whom we disagree. While it might seem an easy maxim to follow, it can and does become difficult when communications get fuzzy.

## Questions

General:
* When does assuming good faith come into play? What triggers us to make a conscious effort to do so?
* Does AGF only come into play when we first encounter another editor? Is the assumption of good faith eventually replaced by earned trust (or earned distrust)?
* Do we base the assumption of good faith soley on our own interactions with someone, or do we always take into account the user's history with others?
Difficulties:
* How do we respond to a new user exhibiting "similar behavior patterns" as an old threat we've dealt with and learned that an assumption of good faith was incorrect?
* How do we respond to users who claim to have redeemed themselves, after proving against assumptions of good faith?
* How do we respond to people who, in good faith, don't assume good faith of us?
# Asthma (OSCE)

Clinical Assessment of Asthma

## ABC, Vitals

* SaO2

## Inspection
### Fingers

* cyanosis

### Chest

* ↑AP diameter (barrel chest)
* asymmetry of shape and movement

### Work of Breathing

* RR, HR
* POSTURE (tripoding)
* level of comfort, speaking full sentences, diaphoresis
* accessory muscle use (SCM, shoulder elevation), nasal flaring, pursed lips

## Signs of RESPIRATORY EXHAUSTION or impending FAILURE

* ↓ LOC, ↓ amplitude of pulse
* central cyanosis (tongue, oral mucosa)
* intercostals, subcostal, and supraclavicular indrawing
* pulsus paradoxus (> 18 mm Hg drop with inspiration suggests very severe asthma)
* paradoxical movement of the diaphragm

## Palpation

* tracheal tug
* symmetrically ↓ chest expansion
* ↓ tactile fremitus (due to hyperinflation)

## Percussion

* hyperresonance - percuss anteriorly and posteriorly, compare L and R
* ↓ diaphragmatic excursion (normal is 5 - 6 cm)
** inferior displacement of diaphragm due to hyperinflation

## Auscultation

* listen to each lobe, compare L and R
** major fissure: T3 posteriorly → 4th ICS MAL → 6th rib MCL
** minor fissure: 5th ICS MAL → 4th ICS parasternal
* ↓ AE
* prolonged expiratory phase
** forced expiration with bell on trachea (normal < 5 s, abnormal > 6 s)
* wheezing
** may be absent in severe asthma
* consolidation
** suggests pneumonia as trigger for acute attack

## Special Tests

* peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR): normal male 600, female 400, sick < 150
* PFT - obstructive pattern (↓ flow rates, ↑ volumes)
* ABG - pH < 7.3, PO2 < 60, PCO2 > 45
# Asteroid mining

This area of this site is to learn about, teach about, and research asteroid mining.
Degrees in mining engineering are offered at some universities.
| Discussion questions How can desirable asteroids be identified? How can asteroid mining benefit all of humanity? Learning resources Search for Asteroid mining at Wikiversity Readings at Wikipedia Asteroid mining Colonization of Ceres Mining engineering Asteroid capture | See also Lunar Boom Town Martian Boom Town Mining Business Futurism External links Asteroid mining on Reddit (406 subscribers, Jan 2017) A possible new future alternative to land mining - paper at MIT Precious metals in peril: Can asteroid mining save us? - article @ Harvard Could asteroid mining become a space Gold Rush? - article @ University of Alabama |
# Astrobetter:Ph.d transition issues

Here are some transition issues that Ph.D.'s often face when moving into industry:
The trouble with fear of failure is that industry is all about "constructive failure." If you send in your resume, there is a 90% chance that you it will get immediately tossed in the trash. If you go into the interview, there is a very good chance (>80%) that you won't get the job. The good news is that if you get up and keep getting the door slammed in your face, then you may find some thing that works, but this involves learning to fail.
A lot of jobs are "shut up, follow orders, and do this boring thing" and someone who is smart is often less willing to shut up, follow orders, and do this boring thing. A lot of times employers are reluctant to hire Ph.D.'s because Ph.D.'s have a reputation for being smart, and sometimes the employer is looking for someone that isn't smart.
The thing about this situation is that its how industry works. Academia is highly structured. They tell you what the test is going to be on, what you have to write on the test, and you just do it. Industry is highly unstructured.
You can see this in hiring practices. If you apply to a university, they will have an application form, an address to send your application to, and if you get rejected, you will get a rejection letter. In industry, you first job is to figure out who to send your application to, what that application looks like, and you may never get a reply, because you sent it into a black hole. It's very common to have this nice web form that takes a job application, and that application goes nowhere, because the people that maintained the site all got fired a year ago.
For most academic job searches, people will tell you want the qualifications are. If it's a job in the history department, then presumably they don't care about your ability to make pancakes. For industry jobs, people often will not tell you what the qualifications are because in a lot of situations, they don't know what the qualifications are.
So this is an unstructured environment in which you don't know what the rules are, and the moment you figure out, they all change on you. But this is known as the "real world."
One of the main pieces of advice that I give Ph.D.'s is "do not take more classes." A lot of the habits that Ph.D.'s have to overcome are the result of being on a campus environment, and you just have to get out of school to continue your education.