# Instructional design/Making change successful

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When you are jogging and there comes a strong wind against you, you must exert more force to keep your pace. Also, to Harry, he should either strengthen himself or decrease Voldemort’s power so that it would be possible to defeat the opponent.
Based on this rule, you might have an idea of how to make your change successful. That is that the driving forces must exceed the restraining forces. The following is a needs analysis conducted for IU Recreational Sports. In this case and its FFA graphic, you will see how the consulting team used this principle to plan and achieve desired changes , as well as observe that the scores of both driving and restraining forces were summed up in order to define each status. While you are reviewing the case, your tasks are to
   * Identify the changing variations between the scores of driving force and restraining force during every state, and
   * Describe the methods that are able to make the sum of driving force exceed the restraining force.

## Needs Analysis for IU Recreational Sports

Background
A needs analysis was conducted by an external consulting team for Indiana University Recreational Sports in 2009. The report, which was related to accident reporting, was requested by the organization’s risk management team. The existing policy regulated that every accident should be reported using standard procedures, therefore, all staff members were required to receiving training on accident reporting procedures. However, recent assessments revealed a relatively high error rate in the narrative portions of accident reports submitted by IU RS staff.
To uncover the particular factors of this problem and provide customized recommendations for the client, one of the methodologies the team used in the analysis was force field analysis. The results outlined the factors helping and hindering the change implementations. Also, critical success factors were provided to aid RS in transitioning from the current state to an intermediate state to the desired future state.
Current State (November, 2009)
As shown in the first column in the graphic below, all the factors that foster changes and hinder changes are listed and classified into driving forces and restraining forces accordingly.
After 5 months (April, 2010)
The first phase focuses on reducing the error rates occurring in completed Accident Reports. It is expected that the error will be 10% or less on all Accident Reports by April 2010.
Goal:
   * Increase driving forces: D5 and D6
   * Decrease restraining forces: R1, R2, R6, and R7
After 1 year (November, 2010)
Besides continuously working on maintaining the lower error rates, Phase 2 focuses on improving staff members’ ability to gain the participant’s cooperation in completing the Accident Report.
Goal:
   * Increase driving forces: D5 and D6
   * Decrease restraining forces: R1, R2, R3, and R4

## Questions

Complete your tasks by answering the questions.
As a result, the sum of driving force must exceed the restraining force so that successful change may happen, and this can be achieved by
   * Increasing the forces for the change, or
   * Reducing the forces against the change.
Also, in the graphic of the need analysis, you saw the sum of each driving force and restraining force as well as how the scores changed. It is important for you to set a time frame and give suggestions to help your organization or client move from current state to a state where change is favorable.
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