OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Building model

A building model is either a physical (real) or virtual (computer) representation of a building. Very often, the physical model is smaller than the original (scale model).
There are three basic types of building models: architectural, structural and mathematical (virtual).

## Architectural building model

An architectural model is a type of a physical model of a structure to study an architectural design or to share design ideas to clients, committees, and the general public. Architectural models are a tool which may be used for show, presentation, fundraising, getting permits, and sale purposes. Such models are a good tool for three-dimensional understanding of a design, used by architects, interior designers and exhibit designers.

## Structural building model

Scale structural building model is the best choice for the engineers who need to test the likely performance of a designed structure at an early stage of development without paying for a full-sized prototype.

## Virtual building model

Virtual model is a digital model of the object (typically greatly simplified) that can be used in a computer simulation or virtual reality.
The most common examples of virtual models are those created in 3D for the purpose of visualisation - seeing how the structure looks before it is built. The field of architecture has greatly popularized the use of virtual models to animate fly-throughs of yet-to-be-built buildings.

## Other websites

* "Buildings in Miniature". Victoria and Albert Museum. Retrieved 2007-06-16.
# Building a Perpetual Energy Machine

The following was written by an enthusiastic eighth-grader with some ideas. We know that supposedly perpetual machines don't work, and we've seen many attempts to describe them. Now, is there an assumption being made that isn't true? How would you answer Zachary? Just telling him that perpetual motion machines are impossible isn't very satisfactory. One way of approaching this would be to go into the laws of thermodynamics, entropy, etc., but Abd's answer (see the bottom of the page) will just focus on the assumption that he is making.

## How To Build a True Perpetual Energy Machine

By: Zachary
First, I would like to thank my algebra teacher, Monique, for equipping me with the basic knowledge of physics and the desire to learn to formulate this theory. I would also like to thank my dear friend, Nathanial, for always backing up my ideas and helping answer any questions that occurred while creating this work.
In order to create this device, you will need:
* One VERY powerful magnet in the shape of a cylinder
* A coil of copper wire large enough to fit around the magnet with at least a small amount of room between them
* Copper wire attached directly to the coil that is long enough to be run through box (6) and connect to the object being powered
* Copper wire attached directly to the coil that is long enough to be run through the box and connect to a power source in order to kick start the magnets turning inside the coil
* Duhh, a power source (a 9-volt battery would be sufficient for a small light bulb)
* A box made of a VERY powerful metal capable of containing a vacuum
* A means by creating a vacuum
* A blowtorch capable of welding the metal boxes seams together
* An object that is to be powered (such as a small light bulb).
First, you must insert the magnet into the copper coil, creating an electromagnetic generator. Then, you must run the wire through the box of metal, with the generator inside the box. Be sure to separate the box and wire by a powerful insulator so that the electricity is not transferred to the box. The magnet inside the coil must be spinning, so you must run the other wire to the power source for the machine to work. Bore a hole in the box in order to attach the vacuum-generating object. After all wires and objects are run through the box, weld all seams, gaps, and holes together so that no air can enter or escape. Then activate the vacuum-generating device. Once all air has been removed, you may choose to detach the power source as a test. Afterwards, attach the object that will be powered to the remaining wire. It should be activated. This theorem relies mainly on Newton’s first law of motion. In a vacuum, there is no matter to create friction, so motion is constant.
And think, I’m only a 13 year-old 8th grader!

## Explanations

Building a Perpetual Energy Machine/Abd
# Bengali Language/Numbers

| Number | Bengali | Transliteration |
| 0 | ০ শূন্য | Shnn no (Śūn'ya) |
| 1 | ১ এক | ak (Ēka) |
| 2 | ২ দুই | Dui (Du'i) |
| 3 | ৩ তিন | Tin (Tina) |
| 4 | ৪ চার | Char (Cāra) |
| 5 | ৫ পাঁচ | Paatch (Pām̐ca) |
| 6 | ৬ ছয় | Choy (Chaẏa) |
| 7 | ৭ সাত | Saat (Sāta) |
| 8 | ৮ আট | Aatt (Āṭa) |
| 9 | ৯ নয় | Noy (Naẏa) |
| 10 | ১০ দশ | Dosh (Daśa) |
# Bengali Language/Languages
## Language-related vocabulary

| English | Bengali | Transliteration |
| language | ভাষা | bhasha |
| regional language | আঞ্চলিক ভাষা | ancholik bhasha |
| standard language | প্রমিত ভাষা | promito bhasha |
| classical language | সাধু ভাষা | shadhu bhasha |
| running language | চলিত ভাষা | cholito bhasha |
| dialect | উপভাষা / বুলি | upobhasha / buli |

## Bengali-Assamese branch

| English | Bengali | Transliteration |
| Assamese | অসমীয়া | oshomīya |
| Bengali | বাংলা | bangla |
| Bangiya | বঙ্গীয় | bongīyo |
| Barisali | বরিশাইল্লা | borishailla |
| Comillan | কুমিল্লাইয়া | kumillaiya |
| Chittagonian | চাঁটগাঁইয়া | chãṭgãiya |
| Dhakaiya | ঢাকাইয়া | ḍhakaiya |
| Old Dhakaiya | পুরান ঢাকাইয়া / ঢাকাইয়া কুট্টি | puran ḍhakaiya / ḍhakaiya kuṭṭi |
| Goalparia | গোয়ালপাড়ীয়া | goalpaṛiya |
| Hajong | হাজং | hajong |
| Jharkhandi | ঝাড়খণ্ডী | jhaṛkhoṇḍī |
| Kamtapuri | রংপুরী | rongpurī |
| Kolkatan | কলকাতী | kolkatī |
| Maldaiya | মালদাইয়া | maldaiya |
| Manbhumi | মানভূমী | manbhūmī |
| Mymensinghia | ম​য়মনসিংহীয় | moymonshinghīyo |
| Noakhailla | নোয়াখালীয় | noakhalīyo |
| Rarhi | রাঢ়ী | raṛhī |
| Rohingya | রোহিঙ্গা | rohinga |
| Shershabadia | শেরশাবাদিয়া | shershabadiya |
| Sundarbani | সুন্দরবনী | shundorbonī |
| Surjapuri | সুরজাপুরী | shurjapurī |
| Sylheti | সিলেটি | sileṭi |
| Tanchangya | তঞ্চংগ্যা | tonchongga |
| Varendri | বরেন্দ্রী | borendrī |
| Bishupriya Manipuri | বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী | bishṇupriya moṇipurī |
| Chakma | চাকমা | chakma |

## South Asian languages

| English | Bengali | Transliteration |
| Balochi | বেলুচী | beluchī |
| Bhutanese | জংখা | jongkha |
| Gujarati | গুজরাতী | gujratī |
| Hindi | হিন্দী | hindī |
| Hindustani | হিন্দুস্তানী | hindustanī |
| Kokborok | ত্রিপুরী | tripurī |
| Khotta | খোট্টা | khoṭṭa |
| Nepalese | নেপালী | nepalī |
| Pashto | পশ্তু | poshtu |
| Pothwari | পোঠোহারী​ | poṭhoharī |
| Punjabi | পঞ্জাবী​ | ponjabī |
| Sindhi | সিন্ধি | shindhi |
| Sinhalese | সিংহলী​ | shingholī |
| Urdu | উর্দূ | urdū |
| Sanskrit | সংস্কৃত | shongskrit |

## Middle Eastern languages

| English | Bengali | Transliteration |
| Arabic | আরবী | arobī |
| Egyptian Arabic | মিশরী আরবী | mishorī arobī |
| Levantine Arabic | শামী আরবী | shamī arobī |
| Aramaic | আরামীয় | aramīyo |
| Hebrew | ইব্রানী/হিব্রু | ibranī |
| Samaritan | সামিরী | shamirī |
| Turkish | তুর্কী | turkī |
| Kurdish | কুর্দী | kurdī |
| Kurmanji | কুর্মাঞ্জী | kurmanjī |
| Zaza | জাজাকী | zazakī |
| Persian | ফার্সী | farsī |

## European languages

| English | Bengali | Transliteration |
| French | ফরাসী | forashī |
| Dutch | ওলন্দাজ | olondaz |
| Danish | ড্যানীয় | daenīyo |
| Gaelic | গ্যালীয় | gaelīyo |
| Greek | ইউনানী | iunanī |
| English | ইংরেজী | ingrezī |
| British English | বিলাতী ইংরেজী | bilatī ingrezī |
| Icelandic | বরফিস্তানী | borofistanī |
| Polish | লেহিস্তানী | lehistanī |
| Scots | স্কটীয় | skoṭīyo |
| Spanish | স্পেনীয় | spenīyo |
| Galician | গ্যালিশীয় | gelishīyo |
| Swedish | সুয়েডীয় | shuyeḍīyo |
| Albanian | আলবানী | albanī |
| German | আলমানী | almanī |
| Bosnian | বসনীয় | bosnīyo |
| Russian | রুশ | |
# Berkeley open infrastructure for network computing (BOINC)

w:Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing
Open-source software for volunteer computing and desktop grid computing. The project aims to use the idle time on volunteers' computers (Windows, Mac, or Linux) as a resource to compute a variety of projects agreed to be beneficial to the community at large. Examples may be projects to control disease or various scientific research.
# Bengali Language/Verbs/Perfect Aspect
## Procedure

The Perfect Aspect Stem is created in the following manner :
| Steps | Example |
| 1. The verb that is to be conjugated in the perfect aspect, we take its infinitive form and remove the -aa ending | bawlaa --> bawl- |
| 2. To this new root, we add -e | bawl- + -e --> bole Note : the ending -e transforms the previous vowel in the root |
| 3. Now to this we add the perfect aspect marker fel-, raakh-/rekh-, ni-, di-, poR-, gi-, esh- We have now the Perfect Aspect Stem Not all of these markers can be attached to all verbs. | bole fel-, bole raakh-/rekh-, bole ni-, bole di-, bole gi-, bole esh- (bole poR- is not possible in Bengali) |

## Table of allowable Perfect Aspect Markers for different verbs

Here is an incomplete but expanding list which shows which verbs are allowed to join with which perfect aspect markers (PAM)
| Verb (infinitive) | PAM fel- | PAM raakh-/rekh- | PAM ni- | PAM di- | PAM poR- | PAM gi- | PAM ash-/esh- |
| baw•laa "to speak" | bole fel- | bole raakh-/rekh- | bole ni- | bole di- | X | bole gi- | bole ash-/esh- |
| khaa•oaa "to eat/drink" | kheye fel- | kheye raakh-/rekh- | kheye ni- | kheye di- | X | kheye gi- | kheye ash-/esh- |
| kaw•raa "to do" | kore fel- | kore raakh-/rekh- | kore ni- | kore di- | X | kore gi- | kore ash-/esh- |
| ne•waa "to take" | niye fel- | niye raakh-/rekh- | niye ni- | X | X | X | niye ash-/esh- |
| de•waa "to give" | diye fel- | X | X | diye di- | X | X | diye ash-/esh- |
| dho•raa "to catch/hold" | dhore fel- | dhore raakh-/rekh- | X | X | X | X | X |
| haw•aa "to be" | X | X | X | X | hoye poR- | hoye gi- | X |
| o•Thaa "to get up" | X | X | X | X | uThe poR- | uThe gi- | uThe ash-/esh- |
| aa•shaa "to come" | X | X | X | X | eshe poR- | eshe gi- | X |
| pou•chhaa "to arrive/reach" | X | X | X | X | X | pouchhe gi- | X |
# Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2020/Spring/Section24

This project is associated with English 105.024 at the University of North Carolina during the Spring of 2020.

## Project

Students in the course have studied the Federal Writers' Project Papers at UNC's Wilson Library. Each student has chosen an individual to research and record on our class website.

## Life Histories

Special:Prefixindex/Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2020/Spring/Section24/
Use the following to create a new life history subpage:
# Chemistry Basics

Return Home
# Chemistry and consciousness

Welcome to the Chemistry and Consciousness discussion group.

## Introduction

This is intended as an introductory survey course for anyone interested in Biochemistry. This course may also be of interest to philosophers of science. Topics: the biochemical basis of heredity, metabolism, movement, sensory experience, memory, and consciousness. The format is directed reading and group discussion.

## Lessons

* Is consciousness a chemical process? - introduction to the question that is the main goal for this survey of Biochemistry: can biochemical processes account for human conscious experiences?
* Neurochemistry - introduction to the biochemistry of brain growth, signals in the brain and memory storage.
# Chemistry resources
## Wikipedia

w:Chemistry w:Category:Chemistry

### Analytical chemistry

* w: Cathodic stripping voltammetry

## Wikinews

n:Category:Science and technology topics

## Wikibooks

* A-level Chemistry
* Alchemy
* Biochemistry
* Chemical synthesis
* Computational chemistry
* Crystallography
* General Chemistry
* IB Chemistry
* Inorganic Chemistry
* Nanowiki - The opensource handbook of nanoscience
* Organic Chemistry
* Physical Chemistry
* Proteomics
* VCE Chemistry

## Commons

Chemistry
# Chemistry and consciousness/Neurochemistry

Welcome to the second lesson in the "Chemistry and consciousness" learning project. This lesson has guided reading and discussion of the neurochemistry of consciousness.

## Action potentials

We can rapidly shift our attention between different components of conscious experience that are generated by the brain. Visual cortex regions towards the back of the head are required for us to experience color vision or normal consciousness of objects moving in the visual field. Auditory cortex regions at the side of the head generate conscious experience of sounds. Normal sensation of touch is requires neuronal activity in the somatosensory cortex. The various brain regions that generate various types of conscious experience are connected by axons and coordinated by electrical signals that rapidly travel along axons. These long-distance and rapid signals in the brain are called action potentials.
The sodium-potassium pump is particularly important in the chemistry that makes possible the action potentials that carry rapid long distance signals in the brain. This enzyme uses available chemical energy inside neurons to move sodium ions out of cells and push potassium ions inside. Once these imbalances of electrically charged ions are established across the cell membrane, the energy stored in those transmembrane ion gradients can be used to produce rapidly propagating electrical signals, action potentials, that move down axons.
During sleep, it is common to have altered consciousness, demonstrated by the poor ability to remember dreams that are experienced during sleep. Even periods of sleep without dreams have similar energy use and numbers of action potentials. Neurons in the brain do not become inactive during the altered consciousness of sleep, but there are subtle alterations in the pattern of action potentials in cortical neurons. What kinds of "subtle" effects can be modulated so as to alter the relationship between action potentials and conscious experiences? In the brain, the effects of action potentials are mediated through the complex chemistry of neurotransmission.

## Memory

Memory can be divided into two general forms: short-term working memory, and long-term consolidated memory. In terms of generating conscious experience, both are essential: the former in generating a baseline level of situational awareness and a cohesive understanding of temporarily (i.e. not constantly trapped in the present), and the latter in processes ranging from one's ability for recognition and comprehension to establishing a sense of a sense of self based on autobiographical knowledge.
For an overview of the basic forms and mechanisms of memory, please visit the Fundamentals of Neuroscience page until this wikiversity project has been completed.
# Electrical & Computer Engineering Studies/Understanding Low Power Design
### Introduction

Low Power Design

### CMOS Level Low Power Design

go to [ Electrical_&_Computer_Engineering_Studies ]
# Electrical & Computer Engineering Studies/Butterfly Hardware Implementations
## Purpose

* developing FFT Butterfly architectures similar to DDR (Double Data Rate).

## Idea Sketch

* Idea.1.A (pdf)

## Background

* Sine / Cosine Generator (pdf)
* Z Transform Properties (pdf)
go to [ Electrical_&_Computer_Engineering_Studies ]
# Electrical & Computer Engineering Studies/QRD Hardware Implementations
## Purpose

* developing QRD architectures similar to DDR (Double Data Rate).

## Background
### General QRD Description

go to [ Electrical_&_Computer_Engineering_Studies ]
# Electrical & Computer Engineering Studies/Understanding CUDA Image Processing Algorithms

See nvidia tutorial
See OpenGL and CUDA
go to [ Electrical_&_Computer_Engineering_Studies ]
# Electrical & Computer Engineering Studies/Understanding Information Theory
## Source Coding

* Uncertainty and Information (A.pdf)

## Error Control Coding

go to [ Electrical_&_Computer_Engineering_Studies ]
# Electrical & Computer Engineering Studies/Understanding Minix
## File System

* File System (pdf)
go to [ Electrical_&_Computer_Engineering_Studies ]
# Electrical Current and Chemicals
## Chemical element and Chemicals

A chemical element is a substance that cannot be changed into any other substance by a normal chemical reaction.Chemicals are made of two or more chemical elements. An chemical element is made up of atoms containing electrons, protons and neutrons.Electrons some chemicals can move. Chemicals that electrons are moving ,are called conductor .

## Definition of Electrical current

Electrical current(or current) is movement of electrons in a conductor.

## Readings

* Read Electrical Current.
# Engineering Projects/MakerBot Improvement
## Project MakerBot

To improve the Makerbot Replicator 2 and use the old Makerbot Cupcake for something else .. such as a CNC foam cutter.

## Conceive

* spooler improvement

## Implement

* printhead improvement

## Operate

The Replicator 2 is knocking pieces off, and it is extruding thick and thin.

## Tutorials

    MakerBot
# Engineering Projects/Mascot robot
## Idea

Develop a robot version of the school mascot. List the mascots below. Use theater smoke and right leds instead of fire. Create smoke ring machines. Document how to build light weight structure with movement. Document motors, wiring harnesses, remote control, etc.

## SubSystems

    Fog Machine
    Frames
    Remote Control
    LED's
    Movement
    Skinning
# Engineering Projects/Model boat/Howard Community College

Model boat projects at howard community college
    Spring2012
    fall2011
# Engineering Projects/MakerBot Improvement/spooler improvement
## Problem

There may be problems with the print head wire or PLA being pulled off the spooler.
* PLA Wire Spooler on back of Makerbot Replicator 2 jerks the wire and makes noises
This video shows the loud snap as the wire shifts from one side of the spool to the other.
# Engineering Projects/Model boat/Howard Community College/Spring2012

p1501-ZlM
# Engineering Projects/InteractiveSystem/Howard Community College/fall2012

p1-504-tjgr
# Engineering Projects/MakerBot Improvement/printhead improvement
## Problem

Printhead is knocking over tall objects, is clipping small pieces shooting them out of the makerbot. This is with rafts and support.
* picture of Replicator 2 printing a bracelet ... can see two green pieces of the bracelet that were knocked off
* Another picture of the pieces the Replicator 2 knocked off
* can see the big ring of the actual bracelet with all the small tiny rings around it (about 30%) done at the moment
Here are three video's showing the printhead moving, did not capture any clicking noises. video1, video2,video 3

## Implement

A Spring Loaded, constant pressure on the PLA may improve the printing. Need a hardware kit.

### Theory of Operation

Looks like the stepper motor has plenty of pulling power, and that this device actually creates more friction, makes the stepper motor pull even harder, but the result is a constant tension above the stepper motor, which should lead to more constant pressure pushing the PLA through the heated nozzle.
# Engineering Projects/Model boat
## Idea

Make a model boat with an autopilot and camera that can chase turtles or shoot BB's at other boats in a competition.

## College/Universities

Howard Community College
# Automatic transformation of XML namespaces/Pipeline

The develop branch of XML Boiler does contain running several automatic transformations joined in a pipeline.
It should also support running a particular transformation or a particular script as a step of the pipeline.
Both for transformations and scripts there are three variants. I will describe for scripts:
* Pass script RESOURCE SCRIPT with two URIs.
* Use all assets loaded till the point of processing to get script URIs.
* Use only these assets which were loaded with --preload option.
It is unclear how to add the resource to the algorithm of downloading assets in variant 1. In variant 3 we need also download assets which are specified (by --preload) before the asset in question.
In variant 2 we have underdetermined behavior that validity of the pipeline would depend on details of execution of possible previous chains in the pipeline.
In variant 3 there is the problem that non-preload assets may be downloaded before preload assets because (see here) the traversal is repeated (unless stuck in an infinite loop) for every outer list element.
TODO: Other issues?
# Automatic transformation of XML namespaces/General notes

What is the semantic of an XML namespace? It may mean a relation of XML code with things of the real world. But a part of semantic which can be formally specified for an XML namespace, is the rules of transformation between this namespace and other XML namespaces.
This standard specifies the formal properties of semantic for an XML namespace, particularly the rules of transformations between different XML namespaces. It also contains means to validate an XML file, even when it contains multiple namespaces.
The aim of this specification to support current practices of using namespaces. It however may also direct namespace creators and users in the future, to be compatible with this specification.
For no ambiguity of terminology, I will call any kind of RDF resources (on the Web or elsewhere) just as RDF file.
This specification describes behavior of a conforming application (computer program).
# Automatic transformation of XML namespaces/Our namespaces

We use RDF (RDF/XML, Turtle, or an other RDF format) as our data format.
The examples in this specification are in Turtle format.
In the examples we assume the following Turtle directives:
# Automatic transformation of XML namespaces/Implementation/Precedences

See also an alternative solution.
Theorem Minimal strict partial order containing a given irreflexive relation is equal to transitive closure of this relation if such strict partial order exists. It exists iff the given relation is acyclic.
Proof That it exists if the given relation is acyclic, is obvious. Accordingly Wikipedia, transitive closure of a directed acyclic graph is a strict partial order. Evidently there is no strict partial order containing the given relation which is less than it. So it the minimal.
Let us denote $C$ the strict partial order for subclass relation (of precedences) (can be calculated by the above theorem).
Let us denote $h$ the directed acyclic (remove the loops if any) graph of specified "higher than" precedences.
Let us denote $H$ the strict partial order of precedences (to be calculated).
Theorem $H$ can be calculated by the following algorithm: [FIXME: When does $H$ exist?]
Let $E$ be the transitive closure of $h$.
Let $F$ = $E$.
Start loop.
Let $G=E\cup (C^{-1}\circ E\circ C)$. If $G=E$ then it is the answer. [TODO: do one rather than two multiplications at a time. FIXME: Should it be instead: $G=E\cup (E\cup C^{-1}\circ E)\circ C$?]
Let $F=G\cup (E\circ G)$. If $F=G$ then it is the answer.
End loop.
Proof ??
# Automatic transformation of XML namespaces/Implementation considerations

The term sandboxing means running an untrusted program in such a way that it is unable to damage system or user files or disclose sensitive information. Reliable sandboxing is required for all implementations of this standard, which may access network, as otherwise the implementation would be potentially harmful by running malicious program loaded from the Web.
Implementation note: http://portonsoft.wordpress.com/2014/01/11/toward-robust-linux-sandbox/
As on certain systems it is too hard or impossible to implement sandboxing for secure dealing with converter programs downloaded from the Web, it is feasible to implement this recommendation as HTTP proxy servers on supporting systems, so that user's of non-supporting system would access the functionality related with this standard through these proxies.
Implementation of this recommendation in the form of a HTTP proxy server is also useful for using it with non-supporting Web browsers (including all browsers shipped before this standard is written).
I thought it is possible only with SELinux or something like that. But there is also Firejail which we can use instead.