OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Renewable energy/Department news/2007/W22/5

01 Jun 2007: - Department founded!
# Renewable energy/Intro

Renewable energy (wiktionary | wikipedia | wikibooks) ...
Renewable energy flows involve natural phenomena such as sunlight, wind, tides and geothermal heat. Each of these sources has unique characteristics which influence how and where they are used.
The majority of renewable energy technologies are directly or indirectly powered by the Sun. The Earth-Atmosphere system is in equilibrium such that heat radiation into space is equal to incoming solar radiation, the resulting level of energy within the Earth-Atmosphere system can roughly be described as the Earth's "climate." The hydrosphere (water) absorbs a major fraction of the incoming radiation. Most radiation is absorbed at low latitudes around the equator, but this energy is dissipated around the globe in the form of winds and ocean currents.
# Renewable energy/Learning projects

Renewable energy systems | Green building | MIT Energy Initiative | edit me!
# Renewable energy/2007/W24/1

11 June 2007 - Testing 1..2..3
# Renewable energy/Department news

Topic:Renewable energy/Department news/2007/W22/5
* 11 June 2007 - Testing 1..2..3
# Renewable energy/Hydroelectric

Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water.

## See Also

* Wikipedia: Hydroelectricity
# Renewable energy/Research projects

* Turkey Herding Deer EcoFarm
* DIY_home_electricity_system
* Simplified DIY Rooftop Wind Turbine
# Renewable energy/Photovoltaics

Photovoltaic (PV) systems convert light into electricity. Photovoltaics is the science of “solar cells” and they provide renewable energy. The simplest photovoltaic systems are found in the small calculators we use every day. More complicated solar power systems will provide larger portions of our electricity in the near future. PV represents one of the most promising means of maintaining an energy intensive standard of living with appropriate and technically viable efficiency without contributing to global warming and pollution.

## Photovoltaic components

Photovoltaic power is produced via a system of electronic components.
Cell Most often a round or square glass sandwich containing a film of semiconducting material which generates small amounts of electricity when exposed to light
Panel Grouping of cells fixed together to combine electricity output and allow easy construction and movement of cells
Array Grouping of panels wired together to combine power output, often too large to move easily
Charge Controller Regulates battery voltage and controls the charging rate to suit the batteries
Deep-Cycle Battery Efficient type of battery for fast discharge of stored electricity
Inverter Changes direct current (DC) to alternating current (AC) as "plug in" electrical devices use an alternating current
For a more detailed introduction to the practical aspects of the technology see Appropedia:Category:Photovoltaics.
This subdivision is in the Topic:Renewable Energy

## Photovoltaic Presentations

This is a series of five fully annotated Power Point presentations created for the solar energy community to assist in the dissemination of information about solar photovoltaic (PV) cells by User:J.M.Pearce.
* The first PV presentation, which is the most technical, covers the science behind PV.
* The second PV presentation is about the basic engineering of photovoltaic systems.
* The third PV presentation is meant to underscore the flexibility of solar photovoltaic modules to provide clean renewable energy for a number of applications.
* The fourth PV presentation discusses the economic impacts of solar photovoltaic cells – from the cost to install a system to their effects on energy related employment and the national economy.
* The fifth PV presentation covers the environmental impacts of solar photovoltaic cells and compares them to some of the impacts from conventional fossil-fuel derived energy.
Note to Educators:
Please feel free to use all or parts of this presentation for your own classes. College and University professors can use the presentations as they stand or expand on the introductory material covered here. Those teaching high school or grade school can borrow the slides that fit your curriculum and remove those that are too advanced for your students. Please share any corrections, modifications or additions that you make with the solar community as well.

## Further readings
### Wikipedia

* Agrivoltaics
* Thermophotovoltaic
# Upper Limb Orthotics/Compression therapy for the upper limb

Compression therapy is an important modality used in the treatment of many patholgies including lymphedema. This lecture will give you an understanding of the different compression therapies used and how these are implemented in a clinical setting.
# Upper Limb Orthotics/Burns injuries

Sarah Carter is a Prosthetist/Orthotist working at the Alfred Hosptial in Melbourne. Sarah will be presenting a lecture of Orthotic Managment of burns with a focus on the upperlimb. The lecture will give you an overview of the common causes of burns injuries in the upper limb, a review of anatomy of the skin and classification of burns injuries. She will discuss the complications of burns injuries and rehabiliation of these. A case study will provide contextual learning.
# Social psychology (psychology)/Readings/Textbooks/Baumeister and Bushman/2008
## Reader comments

* User:Vfrankel critiques this text as exhibiting right-wing bias, containing factual errors, and sees the text as symptomatic of broader, related issues in the teaching of psychology. (feel free to amend/correct this summary).
* I like the text book. I think that it is structured in a "user friendly" way and is not the usual use lots of big words people don't understand. The text is entertaining (well more than most anyway) and relateable while still conveying important theories and experiments. I wouldn't say I love reading the text and would read it in my spare time, though I have heard another student mention it, but it is in my opinion an excellent choice of text for the course. MandaG 04:16, 10 October 2008 (UTC)MandaG
# Social psychology (psychology)/See also

* See also
* Assessment
* Discussion
* Feedback
* Gallery
* Learning resources
* Lectures
* Outline
* Overview
* Participants
* Readings
* Staff
* Subpages
* Timetable
* Tutorials
# Social psychology (psychology)/Readings

Readings are listed on each of the lecture pages.
# Social psychology (psychology)/Staff

The teaching staff for this unit are:
| Name | Talk page | Email | Contact | Bio | Role |
| James Neill | talk | james.neill at canberra.edu.au | directory | bio | Unit convener, lecturer, tutor, Wikiversitarian |
| Melisah Feeney | | melisah.feeney at canberra.edu.au | directory | bio | Guest lecturer |
Note: To email, replace the " at " with @ (it is shown like this to limit automatic spamming)
# Social psychology (psychology)/Readings/Textbooks

The current textbook for this unit is:
A free wiki-book is under development at:
Previously used textbooks for this unit include:
# Social psychology (psychology)/Reflections/2008

Anyone (staff, students, observers, etc.) is invited to add reflections, comments, impressions, suggestions, etc. of the 2008 experiment with the Social psychology (psychology) unit and materials and the way it has used Wikiversity.
I really enjoyed the unit. Even the E-portfolio was enjoyable (eventually!!). It was frustrating at first, however it was very useful to be exposed to Wikiversity, to learn how to use the site (a bit) and to connect with others through it. I felt it gave a sense of 'community' to an assessment item, and although it was difficult at first and you do feel a bit 'public' with your work exposed for all to see - I am glad I took part in it. It was good to be able to connect with other students (I am only sorry I didn't do more of it) and to get feedback from others (including others not enrolled in the unit). Initially I was wary about putting my work up, and was even against it (feeling a bit put out, thinking some have more advantages in familiarity with technology and better quality or faster equipment available at home)- however being forced into using it ended up being a good experience for me, expanding my horizons a bit. It was also a good support - with others commenting on work or making suggestions.Betsy 09:58, 20 October 2008 (UTC)
Another comment I would like to make: It would be good if the Thompson site was able to be made available via the University for the enrolled students to use. I tried unsuccessfully at the beginning of Semester to sign up to use the exam questions that come with the Text, however every time it told me my code was invalid and then you have to contact the people in America, who then put you onto their Australian representative etc etc and then you give up because it still doesn't work anyway. I had the same problem last year with the Stats package and just gave up after countless E-mails back and forth, and just used the package at the Uni. It's obviously just made for Americans to access and no one else. Betsy 05:06, 12 November 2008 (UTC)
# PlanetPhysics/C 3CategoryCorollary

\newcommand{\sqdiagram}[9]{Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "http://localhost:6011/en.wikiversity.org/v1/":): {\displaystyle \diagram #1 \rto^{#2} \dto_{#4}& \eqno{\mbox{#9}}} }
Any complete $C_{3}$-category ${\mathcal {A}}$ is a $C_{2}$-category.
\end{corollary}
# PlanetPhysics/C 3CategoryTheorem

\newcommand{\sqdiagram}[9]{Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "http://localhost:6011/en.wikiversity.org/v1/":): {\displaystyle \diagram #1 \rto^{#2} \dto_{#4}& \eqno{\mbox{#9}}} }
A cocomplete Abelian category is $C_{3}$ if and only if the direct limit of every direct family of subobjects $\left\{A_{i}\right\}$ of an object $A$ is equal to $\bigcup A_{i}$. \end{theorem}
# PlanetPhysics/Canonical Commutation and Anti Commutation Representations

This is a contributed topic on representations of canonical commutation and anti-commutation relations.

### Representations of Canonical Commutation Relations (CCR)
#### Canonical Commutation Relations:

Consider a Hilbert space ${\mathcal {H}}$. For a linear operator {\mathbf O} on ${\mathcal {H}}$, we denote its domain by {\mathbf $D(O).$} With Arai's notation, a set $\left\{Q_{j},P_{j}\right\}_{j=1}^{d}$ of self-adjoint operators on ${\mathcal {H}}$ (such as the position and momentum operators, for example) is called a representation of the canonical commutation relations (CCR) with $d$ degrees of freedom if there exists a dense subspace ${\mathcal {D}}$ of ${\mathcal {H}}$ such that:
* (i) ${\mathcal {D}}\subset \bigcap _{j,k=1}^{d}[D(Q_{j}P_{k})\bigcap D(P_{k}Q_{j})\bigcap D(Q_{j}Q_{k})\bigcap D(P_{j}P_{k})],$ and
* (ii) $Q_{j}$ and $P_{j}$ satisfy the CCR relations: $[Q_{j},P_{k}]=i\hbar \delta _{jk},$ $[Q_{j},Q_{k}]=0,\,[P_{j},P_{k}]=0,\,j,k=1,...,d,$ on ${\mathcal {D}}$, where $\hbar$ is the Planck constant $h$ divided by $2\pi$.
A standard representation of the CCR is the well-known Schr\"odinger representation $\left\{Q_{j}^{S},P_{j}^{S}\right\}_{j}^{d}=1$ which is given by: ${\mathcal {H}}=L^{2}(\mathbb {R} ^{d}),\,Q_{j}^{S}=x_{j},$
the multiplication operator by the j-th coordinate $x_{j}$ , with $P_{j}^{S}=(-1)i\hbar D_{j}$ , with $D_{j}$ being the generalized partial differential operator in $x_{j}$ , and with $J{\mathcal {D}}={\mathcal {S}}(\mathbb {R} ^{d})$ being the Schwartz space of rapidly decreasing $C_{\infty }$ functions on $\mathbb {R} ^{d}$, or ${\mathcal {D}}=C_{0}^{\infty }(\mathbb {R} ^{d})$, that is the space of $C^{\infty }$ functions on $\mathbb {R} ^{d}$ with compact support.

#### CCR Representations in a Non-Abelian Gauge Theory

One can provide a representation of canonical commutation relations in a non-Abelian gauge theory defined on a non-simply connected region in the two-dimensional Euclidean space. Such representations were shown to provide also a mathematical expression for the non-Abelian, Aharonov-Bohm effect.
# PlanetPhysics/C 1Category2

\newcommand{\sqdiagram}[9]{Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "http://localhost:6011/en.wikiversity.org/v1/":): {\displaystyle \diagram #1 \rto^{#2} \dto_{#4}& \eqno{\mbox{#9}}} }
of monomorphisms $\left\{u_{i}:A_{i}\to B_{i}\right\}$ the morphism $\iota :=\oplus _{i}\,u_{i}:\oplus _{i}\,A_{i}\to \oplus _{i}\,B_{i}$ is also a monomorphism.
With certain additional conditions (as explained in ref.) ${\mathcal {C}}_{1}$ may satisfy the Grothendieck axiom ${\mathcal {A}}b5$, thus becoming a $C_{3}$-category (Ch. 11 in).
# PlanetPhysics/Canonical Localizing System

Let $R$ be a ring. The canonical localizing system $S_{cl}$ on $R$ is defined as the strongest localizing system $F$ on $R$ , such that $R$ is $F$-closed.
Note that there is a localizing subcategory ${\mathcal {F}}$ that contains all strongest localizing systems $F$.
# PlanetPhysics/C 3Category
## Abelian C$_3$-category

Let ${\mathcal {A}}$ be an Abelian cocomplete category, defined as the dual of an Abelian complete category.
A $C_{3}$-category is defined as a cocomplete Abelian category ${\mathcal {A}}$ such that the following distributivity relation holds for any direct family $\left\{A_{i}\right\}$ and any subobject $B$:
$(\bigcup A_{i})\bigcap B=\bigcup (A_{i}\bigcap B),$
A $C_{3}$-category is also called an ${\mathcal {A}}b5$-category.
The dual of the Cartesian closed category of finite Abelian quantum groups with exponential elements (including Lie groups) and quantum group homomorphisms is a $C_{3}$-category.
# PlanetPhysics/C 3CategoryGeneratorsCorollary

\newcommand{\sqdiagram}[9]{Failed to parse (unknown function "\diagram"): {\displaystyle \diagram #1 \rto^{#2} \dto_{#4}& \eqno{\mbox{#9}}} }
Let $A$ be an object with a family of generators $\left\{A_{i}\right\}$ in a $C_{3}$-category. Then, the finitely generated subobjects of $A$ form a direct family of subobjects in the $C_{3}$-category whose direct limit Failed to parse (unknown function "\limdir"): {\displaystyle \limdir \left\{A_i\right\}} is $A$.
\end{corollary}
# PlanetPhysics/C Clifford Algebra
### Preliminary data for the definition of a C*-Clifford algebra

Given a general Hilbert space ${\mathcal {H}}$, one can define an associated $C^{*}$-Clifford algebra , Failed to parse (unknown function "\Cl"): {\displaystyle \Cl[\mathcal{H}]} , which admits a canonical representation on Failed to parse (unknown function "\bF"): {\displaystyle \mathcal L(\bF (\mathcal{H}))} the bounded linear operators on the Fock space Failed to parse (unknown function "\bF"): {\displaystyle \bF (\mathcal{H})} of ${\mathcal {H}}$, (as in Plymen and Robinson, 1994), and hence one has a natural sequence of maps Failed to parse (unknown function "\lra"): {\displaystyle \mathcal{H} \lra \Cl[\mathcal{H}] \lra \mathcal L(\bF (\mathcal{H}))~. }
The details and notation related to the definition of a $C^{*}$-Clifford algebra , are presented in the following brief paragraph and diagram.

### A non--commutative quantum observable algebra (QOA) is a Clifford algebra.

Let us briefly recall the notion of a Clifford algebra with the above notations and auxiliary concepts. Consider first a pair $(V,Q)$, where $V$ denotes a real vector space and $Q$ is a quadratic form on $V$~. Then, the Clifford algebra associated to $V$ , denoted here as Failed to parse (unknown function "\Cl"): {\displaystyle \Cl(V) = \Cl(V, Q)} , is the algebra over Failed to parse (unknown function "\bR"): {\displaystyle \bR} generated by $V$ , where for all $v,w\in V$, the relations: $v\cdot w+w\cdot v=-2Q(v,w)~,$ are satisfied; in particular, $v^{2}=-2Q(v,v)$~.
If $W$ is an algebra and Failed to parse (unknown function "\lra"): {\displaystyle c : V \lra W} is a linear map satisfying $c(w)c(v)+c(v)c(w)=-2Q(v,w)~,$ then there exists a unique algebra homomorphism Failed to parse (unknown function "\Cl"): {\displaystyle \phi : \Cl(V) \lra W} such that the diagram
   Failed to parse (unknown function "\xymatrix"): {\displaystyle \xymatrix{&&\hspace*{-1mm}\Cl(V)\ar[ddrr]^{\phi}&&\\&&&&\\ V \ar[uurr]^{\Cl} \ar[rrrr]_&&&& W}}
Commutes. (It is in this sense that Failed to parse (unknown function "\Cl"): {\displaystyle \Cl(V)} is considered to be `universal').
Then, with the above notation, one has the precise definition of the $C^{*}$-Clifford algebra as Failed to parse (unknown function "\Cl"): {\displaystyle \Cl[\mathcal{H}]} when ${\mathcal {H}}=V,$ where $V$ is a real vector space, as specified above.
Also note that the Clifford algebra is sometimes denoted as $Cliff(Q,V)$.
# PlanetPhysics/C cG

$C_{c}({\mathsf {G}})$ is defined as the class (or space) of continuous functions acting on a topological groupoid ${\mathsf {G}}$ with compact support, and with values in a field $F$. In most applications it will, however, suffice to select ${\mathsf {G}}$ as a locally compact (topological) groupoid ${\mathsf {G}}_{lc}$. Multiplication in $C_{c}({\mathsf {G}})$ is given by the integral formula:
$(a*b)(x,y)=\int _{R}^{n}a(x,z)b(z,y)dz,$ where $dz$ is a Lebesgue measure.

#### Remarks

* The multiplication "$*$" is exactly the composition law that one obtains by considering each point
$a\in C_{c}({\mathsf {G}})$ as the Schwartz kernel of an operator ${\widetilde {a}}$ on $L^{2}(\mathbb {R} ^{n})$. Such operators with certain continuity conditions can be realized by kernels that are (Dirac) distributions, or generalized functions on $\mathbb {R} ^{n}\times \mathbb {R} ^{n}$.
* $C_{c}({\mathsf {G}})$ can also be more generally defined with values in either a normed space or any algebraic structure. The most often encountered case is that of the space of continuous functions with proper support , that is, the projection of the closure of $\left\{x,y)|a(x,y)\neq 0\right\}$ onto each factor $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$ is a proper map.
# Social welfare
## Defining Social Welfare

While the word welfare is often used in relation to an individual's state of dependence on government services. Social welfare, simply put, relates to the wellness of communities and the larger society. Members of communities gauge their wellness related to whether or not they have jobs, housing, safety, relationships, etc. Social welfare (community wellness) is a subjective term, as there are varying opinions about what constitutes a "well" society. Therefore, the term becomes a blank slate where individuals' ideology and value positions give definition and ultimately leave the term open for individual interpretation.
# Social self

This psychology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
# Social psychology of weather

This psychology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
# Social support

This psychology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.

## Types

* Perceived
* Quality
* Quantity

## Sources

* Family
* Partner
* Friends
* Colleagues
* Peers
* Virtual
* Animals - see human-animal bond
# Wikipedia and the 2008 US elections/Manual of style for top pages

The "top pages" (that address a particular article) should have a consistent style and flow, in order to produce the most readable results. Substituted templates can be used to create a basic structure that can then be filled in and expanded upon.

## Graphics

Most pages should have an infobox (Template:Wikipedia and the 2008 US elections-ibox), including:
* when the article was first created
* when the subject of the article first became notable in the context of the election
* a photo, if available and appropriate
* timeline graphic marking the period(s) when the subject of the article was notable
* total number of article and talk page edits from the beginning of the election until the inauguration
* how many times was the article protected, brought up on a noticeboard, AfDed, etc.
A more detailed timeline would also be good with edits by day, week, or month, sorted by:
* anon, user, and sysop
* content edits, minor edits (copyedits and so on), reverted edits, vandal edits, reverted vandal edits
* mark major campaign events on the timeline to see if there is any correlation between number of edits and news events

## Basic questions

* was the article started as a stub? if so, how long did it take to lose the stub tag?
* did wikipedia have an article on the subject before the election? if so, compare the article before and after
* were daughter articles created? if so, when? were all of the daughter articles kept?
* what was the relationship between talk page edits and article edits?
* were there edit wars? if so, what were they about, and did they coincide with campaign events?
* was the article protected or placed under probation? if so, why and for how long?
* did the campaigns themselves edit the articles?
* was the article itself ever in the news?
# Wikipedia arbitration committee

This project is to study the Arbitration Committee of the English language Wikipedia.

## Overview

Before the Arbitration Committee was created, Jimbo Wales was the final authority of Wikipedia and his decisions could not be overruled. On March 2007, Jimbo himself decreed that the ArbCom could overrule his decisions.
In Early 2004 an initial group of arbitration committee members was appointed by Jimbo Wales. Nine of them were volunteers, two were drafted. Plans were made for the election of committee members in the future. By March 2004 an initial version of an arbitration policy had been drafted.
At first, the policy said that "You will need to provide proof that the mediation process has failed or that at least one key party refused to participate in mediation in order for formal arbitration to begin."
In 2006, clerks were allowed to help with routine administrative tasks of the Arbitration Committee such as notifying people that they are involved in a case.
On October 2007, the banning policy was changed to reflect that the Committee may block people regardless of there being a request for arbitration concerning their case.
The former arbitrator Fred Bauber said on December 2007 that the Arbitration Committee does not make policies.

## Learning agenda

In studying the committee, there are a number of avenues that need to be explored.
* Do Wikipedians think the committee has been an asset to their project?
* Are there things about the comittee that Wikipedians do not like? If so, what are they?
* How could the committee be improved?
* How could the committee's image be improved?
* Should other Wikimedia projects have Arbitration Committees? If so, why, and when?

## Research agenda

Many Wikipedians (and other Wikimedians) may not know much about the ArbCom.
* Why was it created?
* Who created it?
* How has it evolved over time?
* How do they make their decisions?
* How are committee members appointed?
* What are the requirements and expectations of committee members?

## Case studies
### Pedophilia userbox wheel war (February 2006)

See sub-page at Wikipedia arbitration committee/Pedophilia userbox wheel war.

### A.Z.

See sub-page at Wikipedia arbitration committee/A.Z.