OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wiki science/Interwiki link standard

In a wikitext standard, an interwiki link standard refers to articles in wiki form stored in another service. Protocol and editing functions are assumed to be similar, so the interwiki link standard is a bit simpler than the standard wiki URI for linking into a wiki from non-wiki space. It consists only of:
[ [ language:service:namespace_within_service:page/subpage#section ] ]
    This contrasts with the current GetWiki and MediaWiki usage:
    [ [ service:language:namespace_within_service:page/subpage#section ] ]
    This usage is clearly wrong since languages is above service in any corpus organizing scheme. The present scheme is Wikipedia-centric:
       For example Wikipedia:fr:Commerce équitable or w:fr:Commerce équitable map incorrectly to what should be at . It is not up to the service to decide what languages to serve in, nor is it up to the service to decide how to carve up space within that language. Not only that, but the name of the service is itself expressed in a language.
Regardless of the current incorrect or proper standard usage, should map to http://fr.consumerium.org/ if this domain existed and would be enabled in the interwiki maps stored in the database.
Note that, as wiki linking relies on HTTP almost by definition, it omits the "http://" protocol and "/wiki/" subprotocol designations as redundant.
Supporting the proper "language:service:" prefix radically simplifies wiki linking. Among other things, the language prefix can often be omitted or assumed, if it is the same as the language the current page is in.
Because of various uses of abbreviations for services, assumptions about services, etc., it is presently quite confusing. Mediawiki supports a deliberately Wikipedia-centric scheme in which for instance "[ [ en: ] ]" means not "in English" but "in the English Wikipedia". As a result, a reference to "[ [ en: Metaweb: phyle ] ]" will be interpreted incorrectly as a reference to English Wikipedia where there is no article, instead of correctly to English Metaweb 'phyle' where there is one. Mediawiki is likely to continue to resist and retard the development of such a standard for the usual reasons (typically software imperialism - see Wikimedia for discussion of this.) Prove us wrong?
A single standard for at least the GFDL text corpus is highly desirable, and hopefully will be supported in GetWiki_2.0, which will then hopefully displace MediaWiki entirely.
See Wikinfo:interwiki link standard for more on this and integration into GetWiki.
See Wiki linking for practical information how similar linking is done right now.
# Wiki science/Introduction

Wiki Science is a collection of information, reflections, guidelines on wikis.

## Why do we need a science of wikis?

Wikis are an emergent phenomenon. They have huge potential. There is a lot of discussion of the science of wikis, how they grow and adapt, but it is spread all over hundreds of wikis. This textbook has a clear aim: To observe the development of the wiki phenomenon and to document its processes.
Adding concise information about creating and maintaining wikis has become a little part of the book.
The book itself is a wiki and it is probably the first real test of practicing Wikiresearch.

### What ideas feed into the science of wikis

* Chaos theory
* Emergent behaviour
* Artificial life
* Cognitive neuroscience
* Total Quality Management

## Glossary

A short overview of some known wikis - or less known wikis that tend to pop up in this textbook.

### Wikipedia

Wikipedia is a copyleft encyclopedia that is collaboratively developed using wiki software. Wikipedia is managed and operated by the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation. In addition to the standard encyclopedic knowledge, Wikipedia includes almanac and gazetteer-like information as well as current events. The content of Wikipedia is entirely created by its users. No single user owns the content; no article is ever finished. The license known as the GFDL (GNU Free Documentation License) is intended to ensure that everyone who can accept that license is an owner of the right to use and improve the article.

### Wikibooks

Wikibooks is a sister project to Wikipedia and is part of the Wikimedia foundation, begun on July 10, 2003. The project is a collection of free textbooks with supporting book-based texts, that is being written collaboratively on this website. The site is a WikiWiki, meaning that anyone, including you, can edit any book module right now by clicking on the edit this page link that appears in every Wikibooks page.

### Portland Pattern Repository

The Portland Pattern Repository was the first ever Wiki, and is sometimes referred to simply as Wiki (with a capital 'W') or WikiWikiWeb. It was created March 25, 1995 by Ward Cunningham. It is dedicated to pattern languages as they apply to computer programming, with an increasing emphasis on extreme programming. The site's defining phrase is "People, Projects & Patterns".

## Other

Other terms used are:

### Talk page

A "talk page" is a page meant for discussion of another page. In Wikibooks, the talk page of any page can be accessed by clicking "Discussion".

### User page

In many wiki systems each user has his/her own user page. This usually contains elements such as a little bit of information about the user, and usually the pages which he/she is proud to have contributed to.
If you are logged in, you can access your user page by clicking "My page".

### Mentoring

Mentoring in Wikimedia is the process of guiding a user who is less experienced. A person who is mentoring someone's goal is to guide the user into being a productive editor.

## Sources

Some of this this book's text is based on Portland Pattern Repository, Wikibooks and Wikipedia.
# Wiki science/Self Healing

Self healing is the ability of a Wiki to heal quickly after vandalism or other damage.
For a wiki to be successful, it must have a vibrant user base. Assuming this, then the users will be able to repair any damage done to the Wiki.

## Terms
### Vandals

A "Vandal" (Also called a "WikiTroll" (Not to be confused with a straight up troll)) is a malicious user who deliberately attempts to ruin a wiki. The "malicious" part is important: vandals are deliberate attackers, whereas newbies who don't know the site but mean well may also inadvertently cause damage.
Common vandalisms are:
* Blanking or removing text from pages
* Replacement of articles with something they know is less desirable.

### Good spirits

A good spirit is a contributor to a Wiki who goes out of their way to make the Wiki a better place. This would include maintaining a large watch list, which they monitor closely, and checking the recent changed articles as well. They look for any article they can help with, keeping an eye for typographical errors, formatting issues and especially for any signs of vandalism.
They are constantly on a the lookout for their opposite, the Evil Spirit. It is a shame that a good spirt must spend so much of their time cleaning up after evil spirits when they could be contributing in so many other productive ways.
A good spirit should not be confused with a typical user who just reads or makes contributions with little concern for the actions of others.

## Damage

If an Evil Spirit causes damage to the Wiki in some way, then a Good Spirit can repair the damage. Wikis are self healing if the good spirits outweigh the bad. Wikipedia has many Good Spirits.
A good way of defining how well a Wiki can self-heal is the ratio between users that are good and those who are evil. The ratio of Evil Spirits to Good Spirits can be defined as
${\frac {U_{good}}{U_{evil}}}$
where $U_{good}$ is the number of good users, and $U_{evil}$ is the number of bad users. $P_{useful}$ is the amount of useful pages, that is, subtracting all Talk Pages, User Pages, etc.
An optimal self-healing Wiki is one where
$\left(U_{evil}A_{Pdamaged}\right)\leq \left(U_{good}A_{Pcontrib}\right)$
$A_{Pdamaged}$ and $A_{Pcontrib}$ are the average pages damaged and average pages contributed, respectively.
If the above formula does not hold true, your Wiki is overrun with bad pages and Evil Spirits.
Evil Spirit users should be dealt with as swiftly as possible.
One way to deal with Evil Spirits is to ban them. This requires a conscious human being who has admin powers to ban them, which can take hours. Some methods of dealing with vandalism could be restricting the amount of edits that a user can do for a while, possibly augmented with a trust system: having a review on the quality of an edit, which functions as a 'karma' rating where high-rated edits allow the user to be less restricted.
# BCP/Allium schoenoprasum/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Allium schoenoprasum (Chives). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2007 Logs

* SBJ 19:25, 31 May 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 23:49, 31 May 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:47, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
* SBJ 16:16, 7 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 15:33, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 20:04, 1 July 2007 (UTC)
* SB Johnny-NHAMP 08:46, 9 October 2007 (UTC)

#### 2008 Logs
##### Recent Logs

* Cormaggio 15:43, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:39, 17 May 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:02, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:49, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:20, 14 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Clarinetguy097 (discuss • contribs) 01:09, 3 September 2021 (UTC)
* --Clarinetguy097 (discuss • contribs) 00:33, 24 September 2021 (UTC)
# BCP/Allium flavum/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Allium flavum (Yellow Flowering Onion).
If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 09:51, 2 July 2007 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Allium sativum/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Allium sativum (Garlic). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 12:29, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:41, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:07, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Allium ursinum

Allium ursinum
| Plants in their natural habitat Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Allium ursinum (Ramsons) Identifying Characteristics Habit:ground-coveringScent:GarlicGrowing Conditions:alluvial forests, deciduous forestsLife Cycle: perennial, geophytHigher taxa:Allium Recent Logs -- Turnvater Jahn 19:58, 21 May 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data:
Additional images:
# BCP/Allium vineale

Allium vineale
| Inflorescence Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Allium vineale (Crow Garlic) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 12:29, 25 June 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:00, 25 June 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:07, 2 July 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:07, 14 July 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer, Mid Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (invasive or naturalized) June, July
Additional images:
# BCP/Allium ursinum/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Allium ursinum (Ramsons). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* -- Turnvater Jahn 19:58, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Allium vineale/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Allium vineale (Crow Garlic). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 12:29, 25 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:00, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:07, 2 July 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:07, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Allium sativum

Allium sativum
| Illustration Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Allium sativum (Garlic) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 12:29, 25 June 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 10:41, 4 July 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:07, 14 July 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) June, July
Additional images:
# BCP/Allium schoenoprasum

Allium schoenoprasum
| Flowering plant Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Allium schoenoprasum (Chives) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Grasslike herbaceous plantFoliage:TubularLife Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs Cormaggio 15:43, 5 November 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:39, 17 May 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:02, 27 May 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 10:49, 4 June 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 12:20, 14 June 2008 (UTC) --Clarinetguy097 (discuss • contribs) 01:09, 3 September 2021 (UTC) --Clarinetguy097 (discuss • contribs) 00:33, 24 September 2021 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring, Early Summer, Mid Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) May, June, July New Hampshire: November Manchester, England: November
Additional images:
* Chives in Manchester in November - that's why they look so sorry :-)
# BCP/Alnus rugosa

Alnus rugosa
| Illustration Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Alnus rugosa (Speckled Alder) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 13:24, 26 March 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 22:15, 8 April 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:42, 14 March 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) March
Additional images:
# Anatomy/Unit 1
## UNIT 1

* Planes and orientation nomenclature
* Biological organization levels
* Tissues generalities
* Organs generalities
* Systems basic concepts
* Vertebral column
* Head and neck
# Anatomy & Physiology
## Basic A & P

* Anatomy/Introduction
* Anatomy/Terminology
* Lungs
* Brain
* Heart

## Regional Anatomy

* Head and Neck
* Lower limb
* Upper Limb
* Pelvis
* Abdomen
* Thorax

## Systemic Anatomy

* Cardiovascular system
* Digestive system
* Endocrine system
* Lymphatic system
* Musculoskeletal system
* Nervous system
* Reproductive system
* Urinary system
# Anatomy and physiology of the thyroid gland

The thyroid is one of the largest endocrine glands in the body. It controls how quickly the body burns energy, makes proteins, and how sensitive the body should be to other hormones.

## Anatomy

The thyroid is composed of two pear shaped lobes which extend from the thyroid cartilage to the 6th tracheal ring on the anterior side of the neck. It lies over the trachea and is covered by layers of pretracheal fascia (allowing it to move), muscle and skin. The two lobes are joined by the isthmus which overlies tracheal rings 2, 3 and 4. The thyroid may enlarge substantially during pregnancy and when affected by a variety of diseases.

### Surface anatomy

The normal thyroid gland is easily palpable. Palpation is carried out from behind using the digits to feel for the cricoid cartilage and for the 1st tracheal ring directly below it. The isthmus of the thyroid overlies the 2nd through the fourth tracheal rings, to which the pretracheal fascia (a fibrous sheath that contains the thyroid and allows it to glide smoothly over the nearby contents) firmly attaches through suspensory ligaments (extensions of the fascia). This attachment allows the thyroid to move with the larynx during swallowing, an important fact in palpating the thyroid as it is appropriate to ask the patient to sip a glass of water while palpating the gland, as to allow the inferior portion to be better felt when it elevates with the larynx.
Depending on the state of the thyroid the superior pole is commonly located at the level of the cricothyroid ligament (membrane). While the inferior poles are often difficult to palpate as the sternocleidomastoid relatively speaking) lies just lateral. Two other muscles overlie the majority of the lateral lobes – the sternohyoid and deeper the sternothyroid – however these muscles are small and flat and should not interfere with palpation if the patient is asked to relax the neck (nevertheless the sternothyroid is important in limiting the spread of the thyroid when enlarged).
# Anatomy/Unit 2
## UNIT 2

Nervous System
* Neuroanatomy generalities
* External and internal configuration of the Central Nervous System
* Meninges, ventricles, subarachnoid cavity, cerebrospinal fluid circulation, vascularization of nervous system
* Sensitive organization (ascendant tracts)
* Motor organization (descendent tracts)
* Sensorial pathways
* Autonomous Nervous System organization
* Vision organ
* Vestible-choclear organ
* Auditive, olphatory, gustative pathways
* Radiology of Nervous System
* Nervous system alterations
# Anatomy/Unit 4
## Unit IV

* Abdomen and its content
* Pelvis and its content
* Radiology from pelvis and gastric system
* Lower limb
** Skeletal structure
** Articulations
** Muscles
** Vessels and nerves
** Radiology from the lower limb.
# Anatomy/Thorax

The thorax is the area of the body bounded by the ribcage, or bony thorax, and lies between the head and abdomen.
In mammals, the thorax is the region of the body formed by the sternum anteriormedially, the thoracic vertebrae posteriormedially, the ribs laterally and the diaphragm inferiorly. It extends from the neck to the diaphragm, and does not include the upper limbs, which are considered to be another region. The heart and the lungs reside in the thoracic cavity, as well as many blood vessels. The inner organs are protected by the rib cage and the sternum.
It contains three potential spaces lined by mesothelium; the paired plural cavities, which surround the lungs, and the pericardium, which surrounds the heart.

## Contents of the thorax

Viscera
* Heart (see cardiovascular system)
* Lungs, trachea and bronchi (see respiratory system)
* Oesophagus (see digestive system)
* Thymus gland (see endocrine system)
* Lymphatics
Bones
* Sternum- manubrium, sternum and xiphoid process
* Ribs and costal cartilages
* Thoracic vertebrae T1-12
Muscles
Anterior
* Pectoralis major
* Pectoralis minor
* Rectus abdominis
Posterior
* Subclavius
* Serratus anterior
* Levator scapulae
* Trapezius
* Latissimus dorsi
* Rhomboids- major and minor
* Serratus posterior superior
* Serratus posterior inferior
* Erector spinae (sacrospinalis)
Lateral
* External oblique
Vasculature
* Superior vena cava
* Inferior vena cava
* Aorta, including ascending and descending aorta and the aortic arch
* Pulmonary artery
* Azygos vein
Surface anatomy Bony landmarks
* Suprasternal or jugular notch
* Sternal angle or the angle of Louis
* Xiphisternal joint
* Costal cartilage
* Ribs
* Thoracic vertebral spines
Soft tissues
* Nipples
* Apex beat
* Trachea
* Midclavicular or mammary plane
* Midaxillary line
* Scapular line

## The Mediastinum

The mediastinum consists of all the structures lying inside the bony cavity, and is surrounded by loose connective tissue. The mediastinum can by divided into superior and inferior mediastinum by the Plane of Louis, and imaginary line drawn between the sternal angle and the intervertebral disc between T4 and T5 vertebrae.
The inferior mediastinum can be further divided into:
* Anterior mediastinum, which lies between the posterior aspect of the sternum to the anterior pericardium
* Middle mediastinum, which contains the pericardium and, more importantly, the heart
* Posterior mediastinum, which lies from behind the pericardium to the anterior face of the spine.
# Anatomy/Upper Limb

The upper limb (upper extremity) is commonly referred to as the arm. Anatomically speaking, however, only the structures distal to the shoulder joint and proximal to the elbow are referred to as the arm. The structures distal to the elbow and proximal to the wrist are called the forearm (antebrachium), and the structures distal to the wrist are called the hand.

## Outline

* Upper limb
** Skeletal structure
*** Wikipedia: Scapula
*** Wikipedia: Clavicle
*** Wikipedia: Humerus
*** Wikipedia: Radius
*** Wikipedia: Ulna
*** Carpal Bones
*** Metacarpal Bones
*** Phalanges
** Articulations
** Muscles
** Vascular and nerves
** Radiology from the upper limb

## Resources

* 2.1 Bones of the Upper Limb