# EuroHiT/Language

Definition of the Concept: 'Language' is most commonly expressed by words for the tongue as the most important organ of speech. So regularly in Grk., Lat., Romance, NIr., Slavic; and, beside other words, in Gmc. and Baltic, though here the use, as in NE tongue, ist now mostly poetical or archaic. Others are from verbs for 'speak', a few from words for 'lip' or 'voice'. The majority of these words are used both for a specific 'language' and for the more generic 'language, speech' as a faculty and institution (Buck).

## Catalan
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Croatian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | jezik | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | narječje | ... | native word | ... | Buck |
| 3 | reći | ... | native word | ... | Buck |

### Annotations

also narječje,reći

## Czech
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | jazyk | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | nářeči | ... | native word | ... | Buck |
| 3 | narok | ... | native word | ... | Buck |

### Annotations
## Danish
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | sprog | ... | general | < MLG sprāhe | Buck |
| 2 | (tunge)maal | ... | more commonly cpds. with old words for 'speech' | ... | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Dutch
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | taal | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | spraak | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 3 | tongval | ... | native word | cpd. of tong 'tongue' and val 'fall' (here with a notion of error, 'slip of the tongue') | Buck |

### Annotations
## English
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | language | since ME langage | general | fr Fr. langage; fr. Lat. lingua | Buck |
| 2 | tounge | since OE tunge; ME tunge | general | ON tunga | Buck |
| 3 | speech | since OE sprœc; ME speche | general | ... | Buck |

### Annotations
## Estonian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Finnish
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## French
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | langue | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | langage | ... | the generic 'language' | Prov. lenguatge > It. linguaggio, Sp. lenguaje; deriv. of langue 'language', from which ist is now (but not orig.) distinguished as the generic 'language' | Buck |
| 3 | patois | ... | native word | orig. 'coarse, vulgar speech' | Buck |

### Annotations
## Frisian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## German
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | Sprache | since OHG sprāhha; MHG sprāche | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | Zunge | since OHG zunga; MHG zunge | general | ... | Buck |
| 3 | rede | only NHG | only NHG | ... | Buck |
| 4 | OHG jiht, bijiht | only OHG | only OHG | cf. NHG beichte | Buck |
| 5 | OHG mundart | only NHG | only NHG | whence by semantic borrowing Dan. mundart, Sw. munart; cpd. of mund 'mouth' and art 'manner' | Buck |

### Annotations
## Hungarian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Irish
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | teanga | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | urlabhra | since Ir. urlabra | generic 'language, speech' | ... | Buck |
| 3 | bēarla | since Ir. bēlre | now esp. 'the English language' (i.e. 'the language' par excellence as contrasted with the native) | deriv. of bēl 'lip' | Buck |
| 4 | canamhain | ... | native word | fr. canaim 'sing', also 'recite, pronounce' | Buck |

### Annotations
## Italian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | lingua | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | linguaggio | ... | the generic 'language' | Prov. lenguatge > It. linguaggio, Sp. lenguaje; deriv. of langue 'language', from which ist is now (but not orig.) distinguished as the generic 'language' | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Ladin
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Latvian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Lithuanian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | kalba | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | liežuvis | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Maltese
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Norwegian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Occitan
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Polish
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | język | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Portuguese
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Rumantsch
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Slovak
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Slovenian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Spanish
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | lengua | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | lenguaje | ... | the generic 'language' | Prov. lenguatge > It. linguaggio, Sp. lenguaje; deriv. of langue 'language', from which ist is now (but not orig.) distinguished as the generic 'language' | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Swedish
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | språk | ... | general | < MLH sprāhe | Buck |
| 2 | (tungo)mål | ... | more commonly cpds. with old words for 'speech' | ... | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Information on Other Languages
## Related Concepts

(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)