OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# EuroLex/F/Canape

* Original language: French
* Original form and meaning: canapé 'lounge, settee, sofa'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| English | canape | 19th c. | 1. 'a piece of bread or toast, etc., on which small savouries are served', 2. 'a sofa' | '...' | OED |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Kanapee | 18th c. | 1. 'cushioned bench, sofa' (dial.), 2. 'couch with backrest and arm rest' (dial.), 3. 'armchair' (dial.) | '...' | Birken-Silvermann 2003: 139 |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | canapé | 1648 | 'couch, sofa' | '...' | Birken-Silvermann 2003: 139 |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/F/Cavalier

* Original language: French
* Original form and meaning: cavalier - 1. knight, squire
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | kavalír | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| English | noun: cavalier; adjective: cavalier; verb: to cavalier | 16c | 'meaning 1; and also: a) gallant or chivalrous man; b) Cavalier a supporter of Charles I of England in his struggles against Parliament. Also called Royalist; c) a man escorting a woman or acting as her partner in dancing adjective d) showing arrogant or offhand disregard; dismissive: a cavalier attitude toward the suffering of others; e) carefree and nonchalant; jaunty; f) Cavalier Of or relating to a group of 17th-century English poets associated with the court of Charles I verb g) to play the cavalier; h) to be haughty or domineering' | '...' | http://www.etymonline.com |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Kavalier | ... | 'meaning 1; and also: gallant or chivalrous man' | 'lover, friend' | http://www.langenscheidt.de/fremdwb/fremdwb.html |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | cavaliere (most likely from L directly) | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | kavalērists | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | cavaleiro (most likely from L directly) | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | caballero (most likely from L directly) | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | kavaljer | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |

### Annotations

Etymology: MF chevalier "horseman, knight" < OIt cavaliere < OPr < LL caballārius "man on horseback", equiv. to L caball(us) "horse"
Source: http://www.etymonline.com, http://dictionary.reference.com

### Information on Other Languages

Danish: ridder
Dutch: ruiter
Estonian: ratsur, rüütel
Finnish: ratsastaja, ritari
Hungarian: lovag
Lithuanian: raitelis, riteris
Norwegian: ridder
Polish: rycerz
Slovak: jazdec, rytier
Slovenian: jezdec, vitez
# EuroLex/F/Buffet

* Original language: French
* Original form and meaning: buffet 'sideboard, meal'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| English | buffet | 13th c. | 1. ' a blow, stroke, now usually one given with the hand', 2. 'a low stool, a footstool' (Scottish and Northern dial.), 3. 'a sideboard or side-table, often ornamental, for the disposition of china, plate, etc.', 4. 'a cupboard in recess for china and glasses' | '...' | OED |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Büfet | Beginning of 18th c. | 1. 'cupboard, sideboard', 2.'counter' (dial.) | '...' | Birken-Silvermann 2003: 139 |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | buffetto, buffet, buffé, buffetta | 17th c., 1847, 1877 | 1. 'sideboard', 2. 'dining table, desk' (dial.) | '...' | Birken-Silvermann 2003: 139 |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/F/Chaise longue

* Original language: French
* Original form and meaning: chaise longue 'deckchair, daybed'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| English | chaise longue, also: chaise lounge | 19th c. | 'A kind of sofa with a rest for the back at one end only, a 'couch', a 'lounge' | '...' | OED |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Chaiselongue | End of 18th c. | 'deck chair, daybed' (old-fashioned) | '...' | Birken-Silvermann 2003: 139 |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# Literature/1923/Ogden/Summary

| CONTENTS | SUMMARY & NOTES |
| 1923/Ogden/quotes | At the close of a long discussion involving the detailed examination of many separate problems, elaborate examples of the application of method, historical illustrations and special criticisms of vicious tendencies, a brief outline of the main topics dealt with is desirable in order to give a general impression of the scope and task of the Science of Symbolism. Only by excluding all allusion to many subjects not less important than those here mentioned, can we avoid the loss of perspective inevitably entailed by the list of Contents to which the reader is referred. |
| 1923/Ogden/chapter01 |
| 1923/Ogden/chapter02 |
| 1923/Ogden/chapter03 |
| 1923/Ogden/chapter04 |
| 1923/Ogden/chapter05 |
| 1923/Ogden/chapter06 |
| 1923/Ogden/chapter07 |
| 1923/Ogden/chapter08 |
| 1923/Ogden/chapter09 |
| 1923/Ogden/chapter10 |
# Literature/1923

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Subpages

* Literature/1923/Cassirer $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1923/Haldane $^{[^]}$
* Ogden, C. K. & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1923). Men Like Gods. Cassell and Co., Ltd. $^{[^]}$
# Literature/1923/Ogden/Opening quotations

"All life comes back to the question of our speech -- the medium through which we communicate." --- HENRY JAMES.
"Error is never so difficult to be destroyed as when it has its root in Language." --- BENTHAM
"We have to make use of language, which is made up necessarily of preconceived ideas. Such ideas unconsciously held are the most dangerous of all." --- POINCARÉ
"By the grammatical structure of a group of languages everything runs smoothly for one kind of philosophical system, whereas the way is as it were barred for certain other possibilities." --- NIETZSCHE.
"An Englishman, a Frenchman, a German, and an Italian cannot by any means bring themselves to think quite alike, at least on subjects that involve any depth of sentiment : they have not the verbal means." --- Prof. J. S. MACKENZIE
"In Primitive Thought the name and the object named are associated in such wise that the one is regarded as a part of the other. The imperfect separation of words from things characterizes Greek speculation in general." --- HERBERT SPENCER
"The tendency has always been strong to believe that whatever receives a name must be an entity or being, having an independent existence of its own : and if no real entity answering to the name could be found, men did not for that reason suppose that none existed, but imagined that it was something peculiarly abstruse and mysterious, too high to be an object of science." --- J. S. MILL
"Nothing is more usual than for philosophers to encroach on the province of grammarians, and to engage in disputes of words, while they imagine they are handling controversies of the deepest importance and concern." --- HUME
"Men contend themselves with the same words as other people use, as if the very sound necessarily carried the same meaning." --- LOCKE
"A verbal discussion may be important or unimportant, but it is at least desirable to know that it is verbal." --- Sir G. CORNEWALL LEWIS
"Scientific controversies constantly resolve themselves into differences about the meaning of words." --- Prof. A. SCHUSTER
# Literature/1923/Ogden/chapter02
## 2. The Power of Words

Symbols as a perennial source of wonder and illusion. The prevalence of symbol-worship among the uneducated, 24. Language a vehicle of the most primitive ideas and emotions of mankind, 25. The name as soul. Secret names, 27.
Verbal superstition still rife. -- Reasons for its wide diffusion. -- Purely verbal constructions in modern philosophy, 29. The alleged world of Being; Bertrand Russell as a neo-Platonist, 30.
The Greek view of language. -- Platonism as the product ofprimitive word-magic, 31. Heracleitus, Pythagoras, 32. Parmenides. -- Plato's 'ideas' developed from the Pythagorean name-soul. -- Neglect of Plato's Cratylus, 33. Aristotle's dependence on words; his logic based on grammar. -- Testimony of Whewell and Gomperz. -- Linguistic tricks characteristic of Greek dialectic, 34. Mauthner's critique of Aristotelian verbalism. -- The De Interpretations, 35. Verbal superstitions in Rome, 36. Evidence that the Greeks realized the misleading influence of language, 37. Buddhism even more explicit. -- But Aenesidemus and the Sceptics alone in antiquity approached the problem of signs scientifically, 38.
The East the true home of verbal superstition. -- Spells: verbal magic and verbal medicine, 39. Verbal magic still practised freely to-day. -- But in new forms. -- Logicians as mystics, 40. Rignano on the verbal carapace. -- Affective resonance in metaphysics, 42. Word-magic in modern medicine, 43.
Only by an analysis of sign and symbol situations can we escape such influences. -- The existence of the problem only realized in recent times. -- Forerunners of a scientific treatment from William of Occam to Mauthner, 43.
The next step. A theory of signs indispensable to an analysis of the meaning of symbols. -- Light thrown on verbal magic by this theory, 47.
The magic of words has a special place in general magic. Unless we realize what have been the natural attitudes towards words until recent years we shall fail to understand much in the behaviour of logicians and others among modern mystics, for these same attitudes still persist in underground and unavowed fashion. At the same time the theory of signs can throw light upon the origins of these magical beliefs and their persistence.
# Java programming in plain view
## Part I

* Day01 (Day01.pdf)
* Day02 (Day02.pdf)
* Day03 (Day03.pdf)
* Day04 (Day04.pdf)
* Day05 (Day05.pdf)
* Day06 (Day06.pdf)
* Day07 (Day07.pdf)
* Day08 (Day08.pdf)
* Day09 (Day09.pdf)
* Day10 (Day10.pdf)
* Day11 (Day11.pdf)
* Day12 (Day12.pdf)
* Day13 (Day13.pdf)
* Day14 (Day14.pdf)
* Day15 (Day15.pdf)

### Handling Repetition

* Control (A.pdf)
* Loop (A.pdf)

### Handling a Big Work

* Functions
* Scope

### Handling Series of Data

* Arrays

### Handling Various Kinds of Data

* Types
* Typecasts
* Operators
* Files

## Part II

* Introduction (pdf)
* Class (pdf)
* Method (pdf)
* Accessibility (pdf)

#### Polymorphism

* Polymorphism.1.A (pdf)

#### Thread

* Thread.1.A

## Part III
#### Graphic User Interface

* Swing
* AWT (pdf)
* GUI (pdf)
* Event (pdf)

### Applet Example Codes

* FFTLab.1.A (pdf)
* FFTLab.1.B (pdf)
* FFTLab.1.C (pdf)
go to [ Electrical_&_Computer_Engineering_Studies ]
# Java server faces

Java Server Faces is a view technology for web applications developed using java technology
Developed through the Java Community Process under JSR - 314, JavaServer Faces technology establishes the standard for building server-side user interfaces. With the contributions of the expert group, the JavaServer Faces APIs are being designed so that they can be leveraged by tools that will make web application development even easier. Several respected tools vendors were members of the JSR-314 expert group, which developed the JavaServer Faces 1.0 specification. These vendors are committed to supporting the JavaServer Faces technology in their tools, thus promoting the adoption of the JavaServer Faces technology standard.
# Java Tutorial/Trail: Qt Jambi
## Qt Jambi

One could argue that Qt is the better AWT, AWT often being just perceived as the inferior predecessor of Swing. Of course combining Swing and Qt may result in inconsistent applications that are not exactly user-friendly, but that can be addressed by choosing the right Look&Feel for Swing and by choosing components that fit together.
The piece of code that puts Qt and Swing together is the QtJambiAwtBridge and is available as a prebuilt optional component of Jambi.
# Java Tutorial/Variables

Note: Some examples in this section do not have the class declaration and main method declaration parts. You can copy this from the previous lesson and place any code within the main method.
You can assign, edit, and retrieve data from variables. Before doing any of this, however, you must declare them, as follows:

## Basic Data Types

The basic "types" you can use are as follows:
| Name | Description |
| int | An integer like 32 |
| float | A number with a decimal like 2.7 |
| double | A double precision number with a decimal like 3.141 |
| boolean | A value that represents true or false |
| char | A character, like 'c' or 'n' |
| String | Text, like "Hello World!" |
Therefore, you can declare integer myInteger like:
To assign a value to a variable (that has been declared) you can use the assignment operator "=":
You can also use a shorter method by providing a variable initializer:
You can retrieve the value of a variable simply by typing its name, like:

## Math with Numbers

There are several variables you can use with numbers, and here are two:
Arithmetic Operators :
| Symbol | Description | Example |
| + | Adds two numbers together | myInt + otherInt; would add myInt and otherInt together |
| - | Subtracts one number from another | myInt - otherInt would subtract otherInt from myInt |
| * | Multiplies two numbers | myInt * otherInt |
| / | Divides one number by another | myInt / otherInt |
| % | Divides one number by another and produces the remainder | myInt % otherInt |
For example (including class and main method declarations):
Note: Java uses order of operations in its math.

## Arrays

An array is a set of values.
Each [x] section is one of the "thing". As you can see, they begin not at 1 but at 0. An example of declaring an integer array:
Once the array is created, you can access individual elements in the array as if they were variables (e.g. myIntArray[0], myIntArray[1] and so on.)
The details of arrays will be discussed in a later lesson.

## Data Structures

(To be added)

## Exercises

* Add, subtract, multiply, and divide numbers and see what weird things you get (like dividing integers, and storing into another integer when it isn't exact)
* Check out the remainder operator, for example: 5 % 4
| Previous: | Hello World! | Up: | Java Tutorial | Next: | Control Structures I - Decision structures |
# Java Tutorial/Trail: RMI
## RMI

The Java Remote Method Invocation (RMI) system is a network communication framework for client–server communication. RMI is java-centric because the framework expects both sides of the communication to be implemented in Java; other frameworks are more usually at least specified language agnostic. The java-centric design makes RMI quite convenient for network communication in the Java programming language. The RMI system has, however, been retrofitted to support the Corba Internet Inter-ORB protocol (RMI-IIOP) in addition to the native protocol JRMP.

### Server

The RMI server (cvs) exports an implementing class (in this example RemoteDatabase), which is derived from an interface (in this example RemoteDatabaseIfc) that specifies the methods available through RMI. All methods of the interface must throw the RemoteException and the interface must extend the Remote interface, thus marking the interface as an exportable interface. The interface is a tagging interface and thus does not require the implementing class to implement any methods.

### Client

A simple RMI client (cvs) can connect to the server and make the interface locally available in a different virtual machine and possibly on a different computer.
(source code from vsrs.svn.sourceforge.net)

### Serializable

The interface Serializable must be implemented by all classes that are meant to be transported through an RMI connection; this interface is also a tagging interface, which tells ObjectOutputStream that the object in question is suitable for serialization.
It is recommended but not required for classes that implement the Serializable interface to declare a special static final variable:
This variable substitutes version information that is otherwise generated by the virtual machine and that is meant to ensure that the classes on both sides of the RMI connection are compatible with each other. If the classes implement a well-defined interface (or wire format) one could, for instance, use the current version of the interface that is implemented as the serialVersionUID (e.g 100000000 for 1.0.0, 100100000 for 1.1.0 and so on).

### The Java RMI compiler

The Java RMI compiler rmic (or grmic for the GNU variant) generates internal objects that are required for RMI connections. The simplest invocation of rmic is rmic package.Class, which compiles the class "Class" in the package "package", provided that the compiled class can be found in the directory corresponding to the package name.
# Java Tutorial/Trail: The Reflection API
## The Reflection API

The Reflection API allows to analyze the structure of the classes composing the running program from inside the program and to access the data contained in those classes. The API consists of the following classes:
* AccessibleObject
* Array
* Constructor
* Field
* Method
* Modifier
* Proxy
* ReflectPermission

## Examples
### JRMLWriter

The class JRMLWriter is an example of a custom class that uses reflection in order to write an XML dump of a hierarchy of objects into a buffer, a stream or to a network socket. In case of a socket this allows to implement a protocol much like RMI but using XML-formatted data. JRML is used as an abbreviation for "Java Remote Method Invocation Language" in reference to RMI's Java Remote Method Protocol.
The method getAllFields, for instance, iterates over a class and its super classes, retrieving the declared fields of the classes, building a flat array of all fields, changing their accessibility to "true" on the way, because private, protected and package access fields may by default be inaccessible even to reflection.
(source code from vsrs.svn.sourceforge.net)

### SwingFactory

For everybody who wondered why Swing has "Pluggable Look & Feel" packages that do a lot of amazing (well at least a lot of) stuff to modify the design and behavior of the unmodified Swing classes instead of using interfaces — here is SwingFactory. My personal theory is that the Swing authors made a little joke by putting polymorphism "on the wrong side" of Swing. SwingFactory is an unfinished sketch to address the issue; the exercise is to generate widget interfaces using the Reflection API (they merely contain all the public methods in their counterparts as abstract interface methods) and to write an InvocationHandler to redirect the calls to an actual Swing implementation, possibly residing in a different virtual machine. The exercise requires some more work to address the issue of non-widgets required to configure the components properly in order to be actually useful. A look at com.sun.j3d.exp.swing.JCanvas3D may also be interesting.
# Linux Administration/Devices and Filesystems/LVM/vgs
## Activities

* Compare vgdisplay and vgs outputs.
# Linux Administration/Devices and Filesystems/LVM/vgdisplay

vgdisplay display volume group information
* vgdisplay VG_NAME
* vgdisplay -v VG_NAME -v will also display LVs and PVs information from VG.
* vgdisplay -vvvv VG_NAME -vvvv will display more verbose information.

## Activities

* Compare vgdisplay and vgs outputs.
* Compare vgdisplay and vgdisplay -v outputs.