# Votian/Conditional
## Conditional mood

| Person | Singular | Plural |
| 1. | -iksi-n | -iksi-mmak |
| 2. | -iksi-t | -iksi-ttak |
| 3. | -iksi- | -iksi-vat |
* The very same endings of the first and second person are used in all moods and tenses.
* Only the third person of singular is different from the present tense and has no marker at all in the conditional mood.
** The third person of plural has in the conditional mood the same ending as in the present tense, even though it is derived from a suffix of present participle of indicative with a plural nominative marker t.
* All those endings follow the vowel harmony rules like in the present tense e.g. meneizimmä (" (if) we would go ") vs. tuлe̮izivaD (" (if) they came ").

#### Pronunciation

The final vowel of this morpheme may be omitted .
* e̮лe̮issi ~ e̮лe̮is̄ (" (if) she was ")
Pronunciation of conditional suffix varies according to consonant gradation principles.
* -isi- , -izi- in most of the ( Western Votic ) dialects e.g. jättäizin (" (if) I would leave "), meneizimmä (" (if) we would go "), e̮лe̮iziD (" (if) you were ") X antaisi (" (if) she would give ")
* -issi- , -izi- in some other dialects ( Lempola ) e.g.
** e̮лe̮izin (" (if) I was ") X e̮лe̮issi ~ e̮лe̮is̄ (" (if) she was ")
** pitäizin (" (if) I would hold ") X pitäis̄ (" (if) he would hold ")
** ehtīzin (" (if) I would manage ") X ehtīssi (" (if) he would manage ")
* -issi- , -isi- in some other dialects ( Eastern Votic ) e.g.
** antaisimma (" (if) we would give ") X antaissi (" (if) she would give ")
The conditional morpheme -iksi- may be doubled > -iseiksi- (after a long vowel with primary stress). Notice, that vowel e̮ alternates with e according to vowel harmony rules. E.g.
* sā-iksi-n > saise̮izin (" (if) I would get "), jō-iksi-t > je̮ise̮iziD (" (if) you would drink "), lȫ-iksi-mmak > leiseizimmä (" (if) we would hit "), jǟ-iksi-ttak > jäiseizittä (" (if) you would stay ")
* Nevertheless it occurs with other stems too e.g. etti лe̮pe̮ttaisizivat ̮ se̮ ̨ ā (" that they should stop the war " Lempola ).

#### Phonological history

* The first part (-ise-) of doubled conditional morpheme is used by Finnic north-east i.e. Finnish , Karelian , Vepsian and Ingrian dialects . It may be related to protosami * -ńD́Ž́ potential.
* The second part (-ksi-) of doubled conditional morpheme is used by Finnic south-west i.e. Estonian , South Estonian and Livonian dialects . It may be related to protosami * -ktš conditional.

#### Morphophonology

The conditional morpheme takes a vowel stem e.g.
* makaissi ('would sleep' conditional ) ~ makā ('Sleep!' - singular) X magatkā ('Sleep!' - plural).
* pake̮ne̮issi ('would flee' conditional ) ~ pake̮ne̮ ('Flee!' - singular) X page̮tkā ('Flee!' - plural).
Thus any verbal stem is always in the strong grade in conditional.
* лuke̮issi ('would read' conditional ) ~ лuke̮a ('to read') ~ лuke̮assa ('Somebody reads.') ~ лuke̮gā ('Read!' - plural) X лuge̮G ('Read!' - singular)
* vs. makaissi ('would sleep' conditional ) ~ makā ('Sleep!' - singular) X magatkā ('Sleep!' - plural) ~ magata ('to sleep') ~ magatassa ('Somebody sleeps.')
Unlike i of imperfect tense, i of the conditional morpheme does not change quality of preceding short vowels.
* E.g. e̮ + -i- > e̮i: лuge̮mma ('We read.') > лuke̮issi ('would read' conditional ).

#### Dialectal alternatives

* Votic of Ingria
** Eastern Votic dialect
*** Pronunciation of conditional suffix varies according to consonant gradation principles: -issi- , -isi- e.g. antaisimma (" (if) we would give ") X antaissi (" (if) she would give ")
** Western Votic dialects
*** Pronunciation of conditional suffix varies according to consonant gradation principles: -isi- , -izi- in most of the ( Western Votic ) dialects e.g. jättäizin (" (if) I would leave "), meneizimmä (" (if) we would go "), e̮лe̮iziD (" (if) you were ") X antaisi (" (if) she would give ")
*** Hill dialect:
**** Pronunciation of conditional suffix varies according to consonant gradation principles: -issi- , -izi- in some dialects ( Lempola ) e.g. e̮лe̮izin (" (if) I was ") X e̮лe̮issi ~ e̮лe̮is̄ (" (if) she was ")

#### Other Finnic dialects

The first person of singular
* Standard Finnish : luk-isi-n ('I would read.')
* Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : lug-izi-n ('I would read.')
* Vepsian dialects : lug-iži-ń ('I would read.')
* Ingrian dialects : lukk-īZi-n ('I would read.')
* Standard Estonian : loe-ksi-n ('I would read.')
* South Estonian Räpina dialects : loe-sse ('I would read.')
* Eastern Livonian dialects : lugù-ks ('I would read.')
The first person of plural
* Standard Finnish : luk-isi-mme ('We would read.')
* Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : lug-izi-mma ('We would read.')
* Vepsian dialects : lug-iži-mai ('We would read.')
* Ingrian dialects : luG-izi-(m)man ('We would read.')
* Standard Estonian : loe-ksi-me ('We would read.')
* South Estonian Räpina dialects : loe-sse ('We would read.')
* Eastern Livonian dialects : lugù-ks-mə̑ ('We would read.')
The second person of singular
* Standard Finnish : luk-isi-t ('You would read.')
* Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : lug-izi-t ('You would read.')
* Vepsian dialects : lug-iži-d́ ('You would read.')
* Ingrian dialects : lukk-īs-t ('You would read.')
* Standard Estonian : loe-ksi-d ('You would read.')
* South Estonian Räpina dialects : loe-sse ('You would read.')
* Eastern Livonian dialects : lugù-ks-t ('You would read.')
The second person of plural
* Standard Finnish : luk-isi-tte ('You would read.')
* Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : lug-izi-tta ('You would read.')
* Vepsian dialects : lug-iži-tai ('You would read.')
* Ingrian dialects : luG-izi-tta ('You would read.')
* Standard Estonian : loe-ksi-te ('You would read.')
* South Estonian Räpina dialects : loe-sse ('You would read.')
* Eastern Livonian dialects : lugù-ks-tə̑ ('You would read.')
The third person of singular
* Standard Finnish : luk-isi ('She would read.')
* Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : lug-īś ('She would read.')
* Vepsian dialects : lug-iž ('She would read.')
* Ingrian dialects : lukk-īZ ('She would read.')
* Standard Estonian : loe-ks ('She would read.')
* South Estonian Räpina dialects : loe-sse ('She would read.')
* Eastern Livonian dialects : lugù-ks ('She would read.')
The third person of plural
* Standard Finnish : luk-isi-vat ('They would read.')
* Karelian dialects use indefinite voice instead : lugie-tta-iś ('They would read.').
* Vepsian dialects : lug-iži-ba ('They would read.')
* Ingrian dialects : luG-izī-D ('They would read.')
* Standard Estonian : loe-ksi-d ('They would read.')
* South Estonian Räpina dialects : loe-sse ('They would read.')
* Eastern Livonian dialects : lugù-ks-tə̑' ('They would read.')

## Negative conditional

| Person | Singular | Plural |
| 1. | eni -iksik | emmak -iksik |
| 2. | eti -iksik | ettak -iksik |
| 3. | epi -iksik | evat -iksik |
Negative expressions are made of an auxiliary negation verb followed by a main verb.
* The negation verb has the following indicative and conditional forms according to the number and person of the subject: eni, emmak, eti, ettak, epi, evat.
** See the present tense negation chapter about dialectal and morphophonological alternatives of them.
* The main verb is represented by it's third person of singular i.e. conditional without additional personal endings e.g. en лauлoiz (" (if) I would not sing "), eväd лauлoiz (" (if) they would not sing ").
The negation verb will be conjugated in various moods. See other negation lessons about this matter.

### Other Finnic dialects

The first person of singular
* Standard Finnish : en luk-isi ('I would not read!')
* Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : en lug-īś ('I would not read!')
* Ingrian dialects : en lukk-īZ ('I would not read!')
* Standard Estonian : ei loe-ks ('I would not read!')
* South Estonian Räpina dialects : ei loe-sse ('I would not read!')
* Eastern Livonian dialects : äB lugù-ks ('I would not read!')
The first person of plural
* Standard Finnish : emme luk-isi ('We would not read!')
* Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : emmä lug-īś ('We would not read!')
* Ingrian dialects : emmä lukk-īZ ('We would not read!')
* Standard Estonian : ei loe-ks ('We would not read!')
* South Estonian Räpina dialects : ei loe-sse ('We would not read!')
* Eastern Livonian dialects : äB lugù-ksmə̑ ('We would not read!')
The second person of singular
* Standard Finnish : et luk-isi ('You would not read!')
* Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : et lug-īś ('You would not read!')
* Ingrian dialects : eD lukk-īZ ('You would not read!')
* Standard Estonian : ei loe-ks ('You would not read!')
* South Estonian Räpina dialects : ei loe-sse ('You would not read!')
* Eastern Livonian dialects : äD lugù-ks ('You would not read!')
The second person of plural
* Standard Finnish : ette luk-isi ('You would not read!')
* Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : että lug-īś ('You would not read!')
* Ingrian dialects : että lukk-īZ ('You would not read!')
* Standard Estonian : ei loe-ks ('You would not read!')
* South Estonian Räpina dialects : ei loe-sse ('You would not read!')
* Eastern Livonian dialects : ät̄ lugù-kstə̑ ('You would not read!')
The third person of singular
* Standard Finnish : ei luk-isi ('She would not read!')
* Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : ei lug-īś ('She would not read!')
* Ingrian dialects : ei lukk-īZ ('She would not read!')
* Standard Estonian : ei loe-ks ('She would not read!')
* South Estonian Räpina dialects : ei loe-sse ('She would not read!')
* Eastern Livonian dialects : äB lugù-ks ('She would not read!')
The third person of plural
* Standard Finnish : eivät luk-isi ('They would not read!')
* Karelian dialects use indefinite voice instead e.g. Vesjegonski Karelian dialects : ei lugie-tta-iś ('They would not read.').
* Ingrian dialects : eiväD lukk-īZ ('They would not read!')
* Standard Estonian : ei loe-ks ('They would not read!')
* South Estonian Räpina dialects : ei loe-sse ('They would not read!')
* Eastern Livonian dialects : äB lugù-kstə ('They would not read!')

## Indefinite voice

| Mood | Negation verb | Main verb ending |
| Conditional | | -ttaiksi |
| Conditional negation | epi | -ttaiksik |

### Morphophonology

* The vowel a alternates with ä according to vowel harmony rules.
** pan+taiksi > pantaissi ('Somebody would put.' )
** pes+taiksi > pestäissi ('Somebody would wash.' )
Indefinite voice suffixes take a consonant stem if available.
Verbal stem is therefore always in the weak grade.
* лuge̮-ttaissi ('Somebody would read') X лuke̮kā ('Read!' - plural imperative)
* vs. magat-taissi ('Somebody would sleep') X makā ('Sleep!' - singular imperative) ~ magatkā ('Sleep!' - plural).
t component of indefinite voice suffixes stays geminated only after unstressed vowels e.g. tako+ttaiksi > tagottaissi ('Somebody would beat.').
* ̄ + ttaiksi > taiksi: e.g. sā-taissi ('Somebody would get.') < sā-ttaiksi.
* t + ttaiksi > ttaiksi: e.g. tšiuzat-taissi ('Somebody would molest.') < tšiusat-ttaiksi.
* h + ttaiksi > htaiksi: e.g. teh-täissi ('Somebody would make.') < teh-ttaiksi.
* s + ttaiksi > staiksi: e.g. pes-täissi ('Somebody would wash.') < pes-ttaiksi.
* л + ttaiksi > лtaiksi: e.g. tuл-taissi ('Somebody would come.') < tuл-ttaiksi
* l + ttaiksi > ltaiksi: e.g. pidel-täissi ('Somebody would hold.') < pitel-ttaiksi
* r + ttaiksi > rtaiksi: e.g. sur-taissi ('Somebody would die.') < sur-ttaiksi.
* n + ttaiksi (after primary stress) > ntaiksi: e.g. pan-taissi ('Somebody would put.') < pan-ttaiksi.
** n + ttaiksi (elsewhere) > ttaiksi: e.g. apat-taissi ('Somebody would acidify.') < appan-ttaiksi.
In front of any indefinite voice marker (except present tense indefinite voice) the stem-vowel a alternates with e̮ and ä alternates with e e.g. ve̮tta+ttaiksi > ve̮te̮ttaissi ('Somebody would take.'), leütä+ttaiksi > levvettäissi ('Somebody would find.').
The final vowel of this morpheme is often omitted depending in it's position in a sentence .
* ve̮te̮ttaissi ~ ve̮te̮ttais̄ ~ ve̮te̮ttais ("Somebody would take.")

### Dialectal alternatives

Dialectal alternatives of the negation verb epi were described in the lesson about present tense negation e.g. ep tuлtaissi vs. ei tultas ('Nobody would come.') .
ss of the suffix may be degeminated in some dialects e.g. ve̮tta+ttaiksi > ve̮te̮ttaisi ~ ve̮te̮ttais ('Somebody would take.'), iho+ttaiksi > ihottaisi ('Somebody would grind.'), anta+ttaiksi > anne̮ttaisi ('Somebody would give.').
* Votic of Ingria
** Eastern Votic dialect
*** A metanalytic morpheme -k has been added to the conditional negation e.g. ettäg ̮ e̮лe̮issiG ('You wouldn't be.'), ep ̮ e̮лtaissiG ('Nobody would be.' indefinite voice ). The suffix -k is probably borrowed from the present tense negation here, where it was a present tense marker.