# EuroHiT/Enemy

Definition of the Concept: Words for 'enemy', as the opposite of 'friend', are in several cases neg. cpds. of those for 'friend'; or are cognate with words for 'hate', parallel to 'friend' from 'loving'. Some are derived from words for 'against' and so had originally the milder sense of 'opponent, adversary'. Another semantic source is 'alien' or 'exile, outcast' (Buck).

## Catalan
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Croatian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | neprijatelj | ... | ... | cf. ChSl. neprijateljĭ, etc., general Slavic (Russ. neprijatel`, mostly 'enemy' in war); neg. cpds. of ChSl. prijateljĭ, etc. 'friend' | Buck |
| 2 | dušmanin | ... | ... | fr. Turk. düşman, this fr. nPers. dušman | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Czech
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | nepřítel | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Danish
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | fjende | ... | general | Goth. fijands, OE fēond, etc. general Gmc, orig. pples. of Got. fijan, OE fēon 'hate' | Buck |
| 2 | uven | ... | general | neg. cpd. of ON vinr; Dan. ven 'friend' | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Dutch
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | vijand | ... | general | Goth. fijands, OE fēond, etc. general Gmc, orig. pples. of Got. fijan, OE fēon 'hate' | Buck |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## English
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | enemy | since ME enemi | general | fr. OFr. enemi < Lat. inimīcus, neg. cpd. of amīcus 'friend' | Buck |
| 2 | foe | since OE fēond, gefā, ME fend, fo | ... | general Gmc, orig. pples. of Got. fijan, OE fēon 'hate' | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Estonian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Finnish
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## French
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ennemi | since OF | general | fr. OFr. enemi < Lat. inimīcus, neg. cpd. of amīcus 'friend' | Buck |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Frisian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## German
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | feind | since OHG fīant, MHG vī(e)nt | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Hungarian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Irish
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | namhaid | since Ir. nāme | general | prob.: Alb. nëmë 'curse'; Goth. niman 'take' | Buck |
| 2 | Ir. escara, ecra | only Ir. | only Ir. | cpd. of *eks- and care 'friend' | Buck |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Italian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | nimico | ... | general | fr. OFr. enemi < Lat. inimīcus, neg. cpd. of amīcus 'friend' | Buck |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Ladin
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Latvian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Lithuanian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | priešas | ... | general; lit. 'opponent, adversary', but now the preferred word for 'enemy' | deriv. of prieš 'against' | Buck |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Maltese
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Norwegian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Occitan
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Polish
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | nieprzyjaciel | ... | general | ... | Buck |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Portuguese
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Rumantsch
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Slovak
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Slovenian
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Spanish
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | enemigo | ... | general | fr. OFr. enemi < Lat. inimīcus, neg. cpd. of amīcus 'friend' | Buck |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Swedish
### History of Forms

| No. | Variants of Lexical Type | Chronological Data | Distribution | Origin | Sources |
| 1 | fiende | ... | general | Goth. fijands, OE fēond, etc. general Gmc, orig. pples. of Got. fijan, OE fēon 'hate' | Buck |
| 2 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |
| 3 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |

### Annotations
## Information on Other Languages
## Related Concepts

(Cf. also the guidelines for the EuroHiT Project.)