OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Rejuvenation/Non-fetal stem cell sources
## Regenerative Medicine using Non-Fetal Stem cell sources

Regenerative Medicine using non-fetal stem cell sources is a new branch of modern medicine dealing with the regeneration of damaged organs, tissues, and cells by using non-fetal adult and progenitor stem cells.It also includes wider and newer areas of cord blood science, tissue, and biomedical engineering. This field of medicine is still in its early stage with most of the works being conducted in-vitro, in vivo or are in the process of getting translated to human trials.Ref:

## About the Book

The book titled “Regenerative Medicine using Non-Fetal Sources of Stem cells" is edited by Prof. Niranjan Bhattacharya and Prof. Phillip Stubblefield.The present book has focused on areas pertaining to latest developments, thoughts, observations, ideas and techniques by stem cell clinicians and scientists across the global to optimize the clinical use of stem cells/ progenitor cells from menstrual blood stem cells, dental pulp region, spongy gum region, breast milk and adipose/fat tissues including the ancient Baul tradition of breast and menstrual blood feeding.
Some of the chapters include the in vitro and in vivo testing of stem cells for toxicology and pharmacology studies, including animal and human studies important for translational research. Other topics include about mesenchymal stromal cells, pluripotent stem cells, xenotransplantation studies and the cross-talk between the immune system of the host and donor.Certain specific chapters deal with the various aspects of adult stem cell and non-fetal tissue research like their availability, isolation, purification, characterization and maintenance under normal and cryo-preserved conditions, stem cell banking, ethical and non-ethical issues.
Important questions like whether immunosuppressive drugs are required for mesenchymal stem cells or not, the functional role of these cells and their cytokines, potency of non-fetal stem cell engraftment, effect of secretome or cytokines secreted by these cells in vivo and whether it is the individual function of the cells engrafted or the effect of the cytokines or the effects of both are discussed with different case studies, pre-clinical and clinical datas. The editors of the book has tried their best to carefully write and include most of the disease models.

## Authors

The current book focuses on in vitro, small and large animal model research, clinical research, results, and their investigations and findings. Most of the chapters in the book are written with a view for the dissemination of specific stem cell and cell therapy knowledge. Scientists and professors who have participated in the book include Prof. Dr. Niranjan Bhattacharya,Prof. Dr. Phillip Stubblefield,Prof. Ian Mc Niece,Prof. Colin Mc Gluckin, Prof. Leung Ping, Prof. Ornella Parolini,Ricerca E. Menni, Dr. Thomas E Ichim,Prof. Zygmunt Pojda, Dr. Graciela Krikun, Prof. Hugh Taylor, Prof. Paul R. Sanberg, and Prof. Cesario V. Borlongan, and many other renowned stem cell clinicians and scientists.
# Relation construction

☞ This page belongs to resource collections on Logic and Inquiry.
In logic and mathematics, relation construction and relational constructibility have to do with the ways that one relation is determined by an indexed family or a sequence of other relations, called the relation dataset. The relation in the focus of consideration is called the faciendum. The relation dataset typically consists of a specified relation over sets of relations, called the constructor, the factor, or the method of construction, plus a specified set of other relations, called the faciens, the ingredients, or the makings.
Relation composition and relation reduction are special cases of relation constructions.

## Syllabus
### Focal nodes

* Inquiry Live
* Logic Live

### Peer nodes

* Relation Construction @ InterSciWiki
* Relation Construction @ Subject Wikis
* Relation Construction @ Wikiversity
* Relation Construction @ Wikiversity Beta
# Relational Databases

A relational database is a digital database based on the relational model of data, as proposed by E. F. Codd in 1970. A software system used to maintain relational databases is a relational database management system (RDBMS). Many relational database systems have an option of using the SQL (Structured Query Language) for querying and maintaining the database.

## Lessons

* Introduction
* Design

## See Also

* Databases
* Wikipedia: Relational databases
# Reproductive health/Glandular system
## Exocrinology

Exocrine organs are glands with ducts.
Mammary gland and montgomery's glands are two exocrine organs.

## Endocrinology

Endocrine organs are ductless glands.

### Hypothalamus

The hypothalamus regulates hormone cycles. Neuroestradiol, gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) , and gonadotropin inhibitory hormone (GnIH) are produced in the hypothalamus. Glucocorticoids produced by the adrenal gland due to stress promote GnIH and inhibit GnRh.

### Pituitary (hypophysis)

There is a link connecting the posterior pituitary to the anterior by a vein and to the hypothalamus.

#### Anterior (adenohypophysis)

Prolactin and melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH) are produced in the Anterior hypothalamus (adenohypophysis). MSH is responsible for pigments.
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) regulates the thyroid gland: its growth and its functions.
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACSH) regulates the adrenal gland and provides its cue for the hormone regulation of cortisol.
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is responsible for estrogen. Lutenizing hormone (LH) is also responsible for estrogen, along with testosterone, and progestin. FSH and LH are gonadotrophins, and their production is controlled by either GnIH or GnRh.
Somatotropin is responsible for overall growth.

#### Posterior (neurohypophysis)

The hypothalamus regulates the posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis), which in turn regulates the anterior pituitary. Oxytocin and vassopressin (ADH) are made here in the neurohypophysis.

### Adrenal glands

Glucocorticoids are produced by the adrenal glands.

### Corpus luteum

The corpus luteum is a temporary endocrine organ that produces progesterone which is signaled by prolactin.
# Reproductive health/Hormone replacement therapy
### Definition

Hormonal Replacement Therapy is a medical treatment containing estrogen, progestogen or both. Progetogen is added to the preparation for women with an intact uterus.

### Indications

Indications for HRT include:
* Onset of the menopause
* Vaginal Atrophy
* Premature Ovarian Failure

### Mode of Action

This is almost entirely related to the function of estrogen. HRT's primary function is to reverse the effects a decrease in blood estrogen has on the body.
While estrogens are present in both men and women, they are usually present at significantly higher levels in women of reproductive age. They promote the development of female secondary sex characteristics, such as breasts, and are also involved in the thickening of the endometrium and other aspects of regulating the menstrual cycle. In males estrogen regulates certain functions of the reproductive system important to the maturation of sperm and may be necessary for a healthy libido. Furthermore, there are several other structural changes induced by estrogen, in addition to other functions.
On the other hand, sexual desire rather depends on androgen levels than for estrogen levels.

### Regimens

The continuous combined regimen should only be used in patients who have had:
* A hysterctomy
* No history of endometiosis
* No menstrual periods in the last 12 months
The sequential regimen should be used for everyone else requiring or requesting HRT.

### Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Modes of Delivery

| Mode of Delivery | Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Pills | Inexpensive Reliable Well-tested | Poor Compliance |
| Patches | Avoid first pass in liver | Expensive Poor Compliance Skin Irritation |
| Implants | Good Compliance | Half-yearly visits to the doctor Estrogen only |
| Creams | Inexpensive | Messy Difficult to use for some |
| Pessaries | Not Messy | Expensive Difficult to use for some |
| Rings | Relatively inexpensive Relatively easy to use | Estrogen only |

### Contraindications

The contraindications for HRT are absolute and include:
* Breast or endometrial cancer
* Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding
* Vascular disease
* Abnormal liver function test
# Reproductive health

This resource is about breast health, the endocrine system's role, and related topics. Noninvasive treatments are covered.
* Definitions
* SERM - Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator
* SPRM - Selective Progestin Receptor Modulator
* CaSR - Calcium Selective Receptor
* ER-α - Estrogen Receptor Alpha
* PRB - Progesterone Receptor B
* PrlR - Prolactin Receptor
* Agonist - encourages activity
* Antagonist - discourages activity
* Downregulation - Reduction in receptor proteins, decreasing sensitivity
* Upregulation - Increase in receptor proteins, increasing sensitivity

## Contents

* Anatomy and physiology of reproduction
* Mammography
* Contraception
* Glandular system endocrine and exocrine
** Progesterone
* Secondary sex characteristics - body hair, butt, estrogenic tissue
** Vegetarian breast enlargement
** Herbal breast reduction
** Vegetarian breast enhancement - inverted nipple treatment, breast shape
** Hormone effects and the mind
* Hormone replacement therapy
* Menstrual Cycle
** Oligomenorrhea
** Amenorrhea
* Breast cancer and prevention
* Noncancerous medical conditions
* Sexually transmitted diseases
# Reproductive health/Anatomy and physiology of reproduction
## The male reproductive system

* Anatomy
Male reproductive system consists of a pair of testes, seminiferous tubule, bulbourethral gland, vas deferens, seminal vescicles and urethra.
* Spermatogenesis
* Reproduction

## The female reproductive system

* Anatomy
* Oogenesis
* Menstrual cycle
* Fertilization
* Pregnancy
* Menopause
# Reproductive health/Amenorrhea

Amenorrhoea can be primary or secondary. Primary Amenorrhoea involves the absence of any menstruation by the age of 14 without the presence of secondary sexual characteristics or the absence of periods by age 16 with or without the presence of secondary sexual characteristics. Secondary Amenorrhoea is the absence of periods for at least 6 months in a woman who has had a normal development of puberty and menarche.

## Differential Diagnosis

Ovarian disorders
* Resistant Ovary Syndrome
* Premature Ovarian Failure
* Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
* Turner's Syndrome
Cervical disorders
* Cervical stenosis
Hypothalamic disorders
* Kallmann's Syndrome
Pituitary disorders
* Prolactin Secreting Adenomas
* Craniopharyngiomas
* Disorders of thyroid function

## Diagnosis

The diagnosis of amenorrhoea is made using the following clinical skills:
* Gynecological History Taking
* Gynecological Examination
* Gynecological Investigations
# Reproductive health/Hormone effects and the mind

The hypothalamus regulates the posterior pituitary lobe, which in turn stores hormones and regulates the anterior pituitary. This lobe produces oxycotin and vasopressin (ADH).
The hypothalamus is responsible for orchestrating hormone production throughout a human life-cycle. Estrogen receptor beta are found in the brain. Hormones work on the mind with similarities to sentience quotient. Estrogen levels can affect mood in women.
Androgenic substances can have an effect on the mind, affecting human behavior. In monkeys, a phytoestrogen plant based diet influenced hormone levels, and it is believed to have an effect on behavior. Phytochemicals from soy cause changes to the brain.
Pregnancy has an effect on the brain caused by hormones.
# Reproductive health/Breast cancer and prevention

Preventative measures, and treatment.

## Risk factors

Breast cancer has a more common occurrence in the time-span surrounding menopause. Nursing lowers the chances of future cancer development. While fibriotic breasts are not a cancerous condition, this increases the chances of breast cancer developing later on.

## Avoid

    See also:w:Risk factors for breast cancer
Avoid cooking in aluminum containers. Products containing parabens can be harmful to health. Obviously avoid materials containing cancer labels. Overuse of plastic bottles.

## Limiting refined foods

Refined foods contain miniscule amounts of extraction chemicals. They also lack nutrients to make the food balanced. Limiting artificial flavors and colors is also helpful.

## Estrogen dependent carcinogens

Zen

## Water filtration

Chloramine while not known for being a carcinogen, is not good for health. Lead is a concern because old pipes, and materials are made of this. Mercury is the most toxic nonradioactive element, and its forms can have an even higher toxicity. Shower filters, or inline tap water drinking filters are useful to remove chlorination and miniscule amounts of other toxins.

## Proper nutrition

Good for health are fiber, whole grains, fruits, vegetables, including vitamins A through E. Vitamin K is produced by intestinal flora.
Multivitamins have protective properties for women with breast cancer, and it may also help with preventative measures. Fruit and vegetable intake is correlated to lower incidence of ER negative breast cancer.

## Medicine

Medications that can be administered directly to the preventative cancer site by injection are being researched to target specific receptor cells.
# Technical writing/Rob A

Back to Technical Writing
# Technical writing/Rukmini Gorur

Rukmini Gorur's Home Page in Wikiversity for Technical Writing
# Technical writing/Research/SME

"SME" is an abbreviation for "Subject Matter Expert" - a person, who understands the particular problem. One of his or her tasks is to provide the technical writers with pieces of information.
# Technical writing/Romeo Abel

Back to Technical Writing
# The Collins of Chard/Acknowledgements
## Acknowledgements

Both the pages ‘The Collins of Chard’ and ‘Tatworth Village’, concern a particular family – their comings and goings, loves and likes, they are in fact one page, and deal with life through the ages. These endeavours occured withing the bounds of Chard Manor, and its sub manor. I am indebted to: Roger Carter, Hon. Curator, Chard & District Museum, who was kind enough to write a forward; The Chard History Group who produce a number of publications were an invaluable source, as was Frank Huddy’s ‘St Margarets Lane’. For the techniques of all aspects of Farming, prior to WWI, I have consulted author J P Sheldon, published by Cassell, Petter, Galpin & Co. Practical farming methods and country life could not have a better illustrator, or guide, than through the books written by Ian Niall, published by Heinemann: London, 1977. Rural Life in the countryside, in the latter half of the twentieth century, could not be described better than through the eyes of Richard Jefferies. A view of farm life by ‘Farm of my Childhood’, before and during WWII, by Mary Roberts, published by The Book Castle, all that I wish my account to be. I am grateful for the help by the Rev Tim Price, Two Shires Benefice, and parishioners, for their reminiscences, and Honiton Lace Museum for technical terms.
# The Community Virtual Library Project

This is a hub for the Community Virtual Library projects which support real world librarianship in virtual worlds. We have a growing presence in virtual worlds. We have a branch library in Second Life, as well as Hypergrid Resources Library branches in OpenSim on the Avacon and Kitely grids.
Our mission is to collect, organize, curate, and archive virtual worlds to promote increased access and digital literacy and citizenship in the emerging connected metaverse.
Visit the pages below to learn more about each of our projects.

## Community Virtual Library Projects

* Digital Citizenship Museum
* Explore-SL Spreadsheet
* Hypergrid Resources Library
* Virtual Worlds Database

## Community Virtual Library Board Members & Staff

Contact Us In-World: In Second Life, contact one of the CVL officers – preferably by dropping a notecard (IMs tend to get capped!)
* Valerie Hill, PhD. Director, Community Virtual Library. In-world: Valibrarian Gregg
* Carla Pritchett- Head Reference Librarian. In-world: Suemoon Magic
* Bethany Winslow, M.S.Ed. - Project Lead, Hypergrid Resources Library. In-world: BethanyTheVirtualVersion (SL), Bethany Winslow (Kitely & Avacon)
* Marie Vans - Digital Citizenship Museum Director. In-world: amvans Lapis
* Becky Adams - VW Education Consultant. In-world Elli Pinion
* Lorelei Junot (CVL Consultant, Leader Emeritus)
* Abbey Zenith (CVL Consultant, Leader Emeritus)

## Community Virtual Library Partnerships

* Rockcliffe University Consortium

## Additional Reading

* Wikipedia: Libraries in Second Life
* Education in virtual worlds
* Virtual Worlds
# The Collins of Chard
## The Collins of Chard: Rural West Country England

* Chapter I. The Manor and the Bishop.
* Chapter II. The development of the manor and the land.
* Chapter III. Village industry and craft.
* Chapter IV. Rural pastimes and High Farming.
* Chapter V. Tatworth, Chard's sub manor, and the lace mill.
* Acknowledgements.
# Resources for Determining Risk/Summary

| Unit 1.3- Resources for Determining Risk | Introduction | Regional Resources | Publications | World Organizations | Credit Agencies | Databases | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Go to Unit 1.1 | Unit 1.2 | Unit 1.3 Return to Trade Finance Module 1: Political and Economic Risk |

## Summary

As indicated there are more resources available on the internet than listed in the previous pages. We have included only the homepages to each of the references rather than highlighting specific articles or pages to avoid the problem of dead links. Please remember this list is by no means exhaustive. Start with your favorite search engine and search away. Be cautious however, you might end up in the black hole of cyber-knowledge and miss a few days of the week.
# Resources for Developing a Financial Plan/Assessment

| Unit 6.1-Resources for Developing a Financial Plan | Introduction | A Financial Plan | Presentation and Customization | Risk Assessment and Management | How Do I Qualify? | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Return to Trade Finance Module 6: Financial Plan |
# Resources for Determining Risk/World Organizations

| Unit 1.3- Resources for Determining Risk | Introduction | Regional Resources | Publications | World Organizations | Credit Agencies | Databases | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Go to Unit 1.1 | Unit 1.2 | Unit 1.3 Return to Trade Finance Module 1: Political and Economic Risk |

## World Organizations

* Bank for International Settlements
* Heritage Foundation
* International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
* International Chamber of Commerce
* International Monetary Fund
* Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
* United Nations
* UNESCO Economics Intelligence
* World Trade Center Associations
* World Bank
# Resources for Determining Risk/Resources

| Unit 1.3- Resources for Determining Risk | Introduction | Regional Resources | Publications | World Organizations | Credit Agencies | Databases | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Go to Unit 1.1 | Unit 1.2 | Unit 1.3 Return to Trade Finance Module 1: Political and Economic Risk |

## Resources

International business: The Challenge of Global Competition (7th ed.) Burr Ridge, IL: Irwin/Mcgraw-Hill.
# Resources for Developing a Financial Plan/Presentation and Customization

| Unit 6.1-Resources for Developing a Financial Plan | Introduction | A Financial Plan | Presentation and Customization | Risk Assessment and Management | How Do I Qualify? | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Return to Trade Finance Module 6: Financial Plan |

## Presentation and Customization

Presentation of a plan is of great importance. The presentation should capture the audience to solidify a commitment to proceed. Careful consideration should be given to the following for the delivery of the plan:

### Presentation skills

Be sure to know the targeted audience. It is critical to the success of the plan to know as much as possible about the potential lender, investor, partner or government agency. Presentations often must be altered to appeal to a specific audience.

### Clarity of information

The information presented should be clear and concise, answering most questions that can be anticipated from a specific reader. The plan must create confidence in management and the company. It should never be assumed that a reader knows much about the company.

### Ability to field questions

Management will often pull together a team to present the plan. It is very difficult for one member of the management team to field all questions. Thus the team needs to be diversified to cover all questions that may arise and also to leave the audience with a strong sense of confidence in management. An inability to field questions can easily be seen as a sign of weakness.

### Customization:

* Banks are going to focus more on the financial data that is presented in the plan. Profitability, positive net worth, relevant ratios and length of time in business are some of the important items of interest to banks. The higher the risk the lower the interest the banker has in a business. Banks are in the business of taking on risk, but everything they actually do is centered on risk avoidance. A company must generate sufficient profits to pay back the loan with interest even if it appears to meet all of the banks requirements.
* Venture capital firms are generally looking for opportunities for growth and profitability. Marketing studies indicating a sizeable market share that can generate a sizable return will influence them. They generally want an equity interest with the ability to “cash out” at a later date, often in the form of a stock offering.
* Government and state agencies are traditionally overworked and have limited resources, so they are dependent upon lenders to screen and submit applications for them. Many lenders have the capability to approve applications on their own; this capability has been acquired after submitting several approved applications.
# Resources for Developing a Financial Plan/Resources

| Unit 6.1-Resources for Developing a Financial Plan | Introduction | A Financial Plan | Presentation and Customization | Risk Assessment and Management | How Do I Qualify? | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Return to Trade Finance Module 6: Financial Plan |

## Resources
### Publications

Exporting from Start to Finance 3rd Edition, L. Wells and K. Dulat, McGraw Hill. The Global Entrepreneur, James Foley, 2nd Edition, Jamric Press, 2004. FITT Skills International Trade Finance Participants Manual, V.4. Forum for International Trade Training (FITT), Ottawa Canada.

### Web Resources

www.sba.gov (click on Support your business with a team of experts) www.exim.gov (click on U.S. Exporters) http://tefo.com
www.missionstatements.com/fortune_500_mission_statements.html

### Attachments

Calculating Cost