OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Evidence-based assessment/Back to the Future

HGAPS is finding new ways to make psychological science conferences more accessible!
Here are examples from APA 2022 and the JCCAP Future Directions Forum. Coming soon... ABCT! ~ More at HGAPS.org ~

## Back to the Future

This section is a sandbox for gathering links to ideas and resources that were ahead of their time when they were first introduced, but which may be worth remembering and revisiting now or in the near future.

### AI Doing Therapy?

Artificial intelligence can also deliver therapy. The ELIZA program, an early example from the first decades of AI research, provided startlingly engaging nondirective therapy decades ago (Weizenbaum, 1984). Current versions would obviously be more flexible and powerful, and future systems yet more so (Lucas, Gratch, King, & Morency, 2014).
The ELIZA program was originally based on hardcoded rules which in which the computer feigns understanding of the conversation. However, ELIZA is the precursor of modern GPT-based chatbots. An example of a modern GPT-based chatbot based on the same Rogerian therapy is a teddy bear AI, Broken Bear, which is a modern ELIZA.
# English-Chinese/Zhangjiajie is a famous tourist area in the northwestern part of Hunan province, China

Zhangjiajie is a famous tourist area in the northwestern part of Hunan province, China.
张家界是中国湖南省西北部的著名旅游区。
# English-Chinese/Zhou Youguang

Zhou Youguang was a linguist. He is the father of Pinyin.
周有光 是 语言学家。他 是 拼音之父。
# English-Chinese/You use about to say what subject something is related to

You use about to say what subject something is related to.
用关于来表示与某事物有关的主题。
# English-Chinese/Youtiao

Youtiao is a long golden-brown deep-fried dough eaten in China, and East and Southeast Asia. Traditionally, youtiao are slightly salted and can be torn lengthwise in two. Youtiao are usually eaten at breakfast with congee and soya milk.
油条 是 一种 在 中国，东亚 和 东南亚 地区 食用的 长的 金咖啡色 油炸 面团。传统上，油条 是 轻微 咸味，可以 纵向 撕开 两边。油条 通常 在 早餐 与 粥 或 豆浆 一起 吃。
# English-Chinese/Zhimahu is a sweet porridge that is made with black sesame seeds, rice, and sugar

Zhimahu is a sweet porridge that is made with black sesame seeds, rice, and sugar.
芝麻糊是一种用黑芝麻，米，和糖制成的甜粥。
# English-Chinese/Young cats are called kittens

Young cats are called kittens.
年幼的猫称为小猫。
# English-Chinese/Zhongqiu Festival

Zhongqiu Festival is a harvest festival celebrated specially by the Chinese and Vietnamese people. The festival is held on the 15th day of the 8th month of the lunar calendar, corresponding to a day in late September to early October of the common calendar with a full moon at night.
中秋节是中越两国人民特别庆祝的丰收节。 节日在农历八月十五日举行，相当于公历9月下旬至10月上旬的某一天，当天晚上是月圆之夜。
# English-Chinese/Zongzi

Zongzi is a traditional Chinese food made of glutinous rice with different fillings and wrapped in bamboo leaves, sometimes, with reed leaves, or other leaves. They are cooked by steaming or boiling.
粽子 是 一种 传统 的 中国 食品，由 糯米 制成，有 不同 的 馅料，用 竹叶 包裹，有时 用 芦苇叶 或 其他 叶子。它们 通过 蒸 或 煮 来 烹饪。
# English-Chinese/Zoo

A zoological garden, zoological park, or zoo is a place where many different species (types) of animals are kept so people can see and watch them.
动物园 是 保存 许多 不同 物种（类型）动物的 地方，人们 可以 看到 和 观看 它们。
# English-Chinese/Zoology

Zoology is the science of studying animals. It is part of biology. Animals are classified into groups called phyla, of which there are at least thirty.
动物学 是 研究 动物的 科学。它是 生物学的 一部分。动物 被分类为 称为 门的 组别，其中 至少 有 三十个。
# Evaluating Journalism Standards/Ensuring Fairness and Balance in Journalism

Responsible journalists take several steps to ensure the fairness and balance of their reporting, thereby providing audiences with a comprehensive and impartial view of the subject matter. Here are some key steps:
* Seek Multiple Perspectives: Journalists strive to present multiple viewpoints on a story to ensure fairness and balance. They seek out diverse sources with different perspectives, opinions, and expertise to provide a well-rounded portrayal of the issue.
* Avoid Bias: Responsible journalists strive to avoid bias in their reporting by presenting information in an objective and neutral manner. They refrain from injecting personal opinions, prejudices, or partisan viewpoints into their reporting, maintaining a commitment to impartiality and objectivity.
* Provide Context: Journalists provide context and background information to help audiences understand the complexities of the issue being reported. They explain the historical, cultural, and social factors that may influence the subject matter, enabling readers to make informed judgments and interpretations.
* Fact-Checking and Verification: Journalists fact-check and verify the accuracy of information from multiple sources to ensure the reliability of their reporting. By corroborating facts and claims with evidence, they enhance the credibility and trustworthiness of their stories.
* Attribution and Transparency: Journalists attribute statements, quotes, and information to their original sources to maintain transparency and accountability. They clearly identify the sources of information, whether it's a direct quote from an interviewee, a statement from a press release, or information obtained from a document or report.
* Balance in Coverage: Journalists strive to provide balanced coverage of contentious issues by giving equal weight to competing viewpoints and perspectives. They avoid giving undue prominence or preference to one side of the argument over another, ensuring that all relevant viewpoints are represented fairly.
* Distinguish Opinion from News: Responsible journalists distinguish between news reporting and opinion pieces, ensuring that factual reporting is separate from commentary or analysis. They clearly label opinion pieces as such to avoid confusion and maintain transparency with their audience.
* Editorial Oversight: News organizations maintain editorial oversight and review processes to ensure that reporting meets established standards of fairness, balance, and impartiality. Editors and senior journalists provide guidance and oversight to uphold these standards and address any concerns or issues that may arise.
By adhering to these steps and practices, responsible journalists uphold the principles of fairness and balance in their reporting, providing audiences with accurate, comprehensive, and impartial coverage of the issues that matter.
# Evaluating Journalism Standards/Ensuring Journalism Accountability

Ensuring accountability in reporting is essential for maintaining the credibility and trustworthiness of journalism. Responsible journalists take several steps to uphold accountability in their reporting:
* Accuracy and Verification: Journalists prioritize accuracy and verify the information they report through multiple sources whenever possible. By fact-checking and corroborating information, journalists ensure the reliability and truthfulness of their reporting.
* Attribution and Sourcing: Responsible journalists attribute statements, quotes, and information to their original sources, clearly identifying the sources of information in their reporting. This transparency allows readers to assess the credibility of the information presented and holds journalists accountable for their sourcing.
* Transparency about Methods: Journalists are transparent about the methods they use in gathering and reporting news. They explain how interviews were conducted, how data was collected and analyzed, and any limitations or biases that may be present in the reporting process.
* Correction Policies: Responsible news organizations have clear correction policies in place to address errors, inaccuracies, or misrepresentations that may occur in reporting. They promptly correct factual errors, clarify misleading information, and acknowledge mistakes transparently to maintain accountability and trust with their audience.
* Editorial Oversight: News organizations establish editorial oversight mechanisms to ensure accountability and uphold editorial standards. Editors and senior journalists provide guidance, review processes, and quality control measures to maintain the integrity and credibility of reporting.
* Feedback Mechanisms: Responsible journalists provide channels for feedback from the audience and other stakeholders. They welcome questions, comments, and concerns about their reporting and take feedback seriously in evaluating and improving their journalistic practices.
* Ethical Guidelines and Codes of Conduct: Journalists adhere to ethical guidelines and codes of conduct that govern their behavior and professional standards. These guidelines outline principles such as truthfulness, accuracy, fairness, and transparency, providing a framework for responsible journalism and holding journalists accountable for their conduct.
* Accountability to the Public: Responsible journalists are ultimately accountable to the public they serve. They recognize their role as watchdogs of democracy and strive to report in the public interest, serving as a check on power and holding institutions and individuals accountable for their actions.
By taking these steps, responsible journalists uphold the principles of accountability, integrity, and transparency in their reporting, fostering trust and credibility with their audience and serving the public interest.
# Evaluating Journalism Standards/Ensuring Journalism Independence

Ensuring the independence of reporting is crucial for maintaining the integrity and credibility of journalism. Responsible journalists take several steps to uphold their independence:
* Editorial Autonomy: Journalists maintain editorial autonomy, ensuring that editorial decisions are free from undue influence or interference from outside sources. This includes protecting the newsroom from pressure or control by advertisers, corporate interests, government officials, or other external parties.
* Ethical Guidelines: Journalists adhere to ethical guidelines and codes of conduct that promote independence, transparency, and accountability in reporting. These guidelines outline principles such as truthfulness, accuracy, fairness, and editorial independence, providing a framework for responsible journalism.
* Conflict of Interest Policies: News organizations implement conflict of interest policies to prevent conflicts of interest that may compromise journalistic independence. Journalists are required to disclose any potential conflicts, such as financial interests, personal relationships, or professional affiliations, that could influence their reporting.
* Source Protection: Journalists protect the confidentiality of their sources to ensure independence and encourage whistleblowers, confidential informants, and sources to come forward with sensitive information without fear of reprisal. Protecting the identity of sources is essential for maintaining the integrity of investigative reporting and safeguarding press freedom.
* Diverse Funding Sources: News organizations diversify their funding sources to reduce dependence on any single entity or source of revenue. This may include subscription models, membership programs, philanthropic support, and public funding, allowing journalists to maintain independence and editorial freedom.
* Transparency in Funding: News organizations are transparent about their funding sources and financial relationships to maintain credibility and trust with their audience. They disclose information about donors, sponsors, advertisers, and other financial supporters to ensure transparency and accountability in their reporting.
* Editorial Oversight: News organizations establish editorial oversight mechanisms to safeguard journalistic independence and integrity. Editors and senior journalists provide guidance, oversight, and review processes to uphold editorial standards and ensure that reporting remains independent and free from bias or influence.
* Legal Protections: Journalists advocate for legal protections that safeguard press freedom and editorial independence, such as shield laws, whistleblower protections, and protections against defamation lawsuits. These legal safeguards provide journalists with the freedom to investigate and report on matters of public interest without fear of legal repercussions.
By taking these steps, responsible journalists uphold the principles of independence, transparency, and accountability in their reporting, ensuring that journalism serves the public interest and democracy.
# Evaluating Journalism Standards/Continuously Improving Journalism

Responsible journalists are committed to continuous improvement in their journalism by taking several key steps:
* Feedback and Reflection: Responsible journalists actively seek feedback from colleagues, editors, and audiences on their reporting. They reflect on their work critically, identifying strengths, weaknesses, and areas for improvement, and incorporate feedback into their professional development.
* Training and Education: Journalists participate in ongoing training programs, workshops, and professional development opportunities to enhance their skills and knowledge. They stay informed about new technologies, best practices, and emerging trends in journalism to adapt to changing circumstances and improve their reporting.
* Peer Review and Collaboration: Responsible journalists engage in peer review and collaboration with colleagues to review and critique each other's work. They participate in editorial meetings, newsroom discussions, and collaborative projects to exchange ideas, share insights, and learn from each other's experiences.
* Ethical Reflection and Discussion: Journalists engage in ethical reflection and discussion to explore ethical dilemmas, challenges, and principles in journalism. They participate in ethics training sessions, workshops, and discussions to deepen their understanding of ethical standards and dilemmas and apply ethical principles in their reporting.
* Data Analysis and Research Skills: Journalists develop data analysis and research skills to conduct investigative reporting, data-driven storytelling, and in-depth analysis of complex issues. They acquire skills in data collection, analysis, visualization, and interpretation to enhance the depth and accuracy of their reporting.
* Innovation and Experimentation: Responsible journalists embrace innovation and experimentation in their reporting practices. They explore new storytelling formats, multimedia techniques, and digital tools to engage audiences, enhance storytelling, and reach new audiences in innovative ways.
* Community Engagement: Journalists engage with their communities to understand their information needs, concerns, and priorities. They participate in community forums, town hall meetings, and listening sessions to build relationships, gather feedback, and identify opportunities for impactful journalism that serves the community's interests.
* Professional Networking: Journalists build professional networks and relationships with colleagues, experts, sources, and stakeholders in the field of journalism. They participate in professional organizations, journalism associations, and networking events to exchange ideas, share resources, and stay connected with the broader journalism community.
By taking these steps, responsible journalists demonstrate a commitment to excellence, integrity, and continuous improvement in their journalism. They strive to uphold the highest standards of professionalism, ethics, and quality in their reporting, serving the public interest and fostering trust and credibility with their audience.
# Evaluating Journalism Standards/Ensuring Journalism Accuracy

Responsible journalists take several steps to ensure the accuracy of their reporting. These steps include:
* Verify Sources: Journalists verify the accuracy of their sources by cross-referencing information from multiple sources whenever possible. They prioritize reliable and credible sources, such as primary documents, official statements, and expert interviews, to corroborate facts and claims.
* Fact-Checking: Journalists fact-check their stories rigorously to verify the accuracy of information before publication. This involves verifying dates, names, statistics, and other details to ensure they are correct. Fact-checking may involve consulting databases, archives, and other reference materials to confirm information.
* Seek Multiple Perspectives: Responsible journalists seek out multiple perspectives on a story to ensure fairness and accuracy. They interview a variety of sources with diverse viewpoints, backgrounds, and expertise to provide a comprehensive and balanced portrayal of the subject matter.
* Attribute Statements: Journalists attribute statements, quotes, and information to their original sources to maintain transparency and accountability. They clearly identify the sources of information, whether it's a direct quote from an interviewee, a statement from a press release, or information obtained from a document or report.
* Verify Eyewitness Accounts: When reporting on events or incidents based on eyewitness accounts, journalists take care to verify the credibility and accuracy of those accounts. They corroborate eyewitness testimony with additional evidence, such as photos, videos, or testimonies from other witnesses, to ensure accuracy and reliability.
* Review and Editing: Responsible journalists review and edit their stories carefully before publication to catch any errors, inaccuracies, or inconsistencies. They pay close attention to details, grammar, spelling, and punctuation to ensure the clarity and accuracy of their reporting.
* Consult Experts: Journalists consult experts, specialists, or authorities in relevant fields to ensure accuracy and comprehensiveness in their reporting, especially on complex or technical topics. Experts can provide context, analysis, and verification of information to enhance the accuracy and credibility of the story.
* Corrections and Updates: If errors or inaccuracies are identified after publication, responsible journalists promptly issue corrections or clarifications to rectify the mistake. They acknowledge and take responsibility for errors, transparently communicate corrections to their audience, and strive to prevent similar errors in the future.
By adhering to these steps and practices, responsible journalists uphold the highest standards of accuracy, integrity, and accountability in their reporting, thereby earning the trust and confidence of their audience.
# Evaluating Journalism Standards/Ensuring Journalism Transparency

Ensuring transparency in reporting is essential for maintaining trust and credibility with the audience. Responsible journalists take several steps to uphold transparency in their reporting:
* Clear Sourcing: Responsible journalists clearly attribute information to its original sources, whether it's quotes from interviews, data from research studies, or statements from official sources. By providing clear sourcing, journalists allow readers to evaluate the credibility and reliability of the information presented.
* Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest: Journalists disclose any potential conflicts of interest that may influence their reporting, such as financial interests, personal relationships, or professional affiliations. This transparency helps readers understand the potential biases or influences that may be present in the reporting.
* Transparency about Methods: Journalists are transparent about the methods they use in gathering and reporting news. This may include describing how interviews were conducted, how data was collected and analyzed, and any limitations or caveats associated with the reporting process.
* Correction Policies: Responsible news organizations have clear correction policies in place to address errors, inaccuracies, or misrepresentations that may occur in reporting. They promptly correct factual errors, clarify misleading information, and acknowledge mistakes transparently to maintain accountability and trust with their audience.
* Transparency in Editorial Decisions: News organizations are transparent about their editorial decisions, explaining how stories are selected, prioritized, and presented to the audience. This transparency helps readers understand the editorial process and the factors that influence the coverage of news events.
* Disclosure of Funding Sources: News organizations disclose information about their funding sources and financial relationships to the audience. This may include disclosing advertisers, sponsors, donors, or other financial supporters, as well as any potential influence these relationships may have on editorial content.
* Openness to Feedback: Responsible journalists are open to feedback from the audience and other stakeholders. They provide channels for readers to submit questions, comments, and concerns about their reporting and take these inputs seriously in evaluating and improving their journalistic practices.
* Transparency about Corrections and Updates: When errors or inaccuracies are identified in reporting, responsible journalists are transparent about issuing corrections or updates. They clearly communicate to the audience what was corrected, why it was corrected, and provide the corrected information to ensure transparency and accountability.
By taking these steps, responsible journalists uphold the principles of transparency, integrity, and accountability in their reporting, fostering trust and credibility with their audience.
# Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2018/Fall/Section 2/John Abner
### Overview

Biography
# Definite integral/Computation/3x^2-5x+6/From -1 to 4/Exercise

Compute the definite integral
    $\int _{-1}^{4}3x^{2}-5x+6dx$
# Definite integral/2x^3+3e^x-sin x/-1 to 0/Exercise

Compute the definite integral of the function
    $f\colon \mathbb {R} \longrightarrow \mathbb {R} ,x\longmapsto f(x)=2x^{3}+3e^{x}-\sin x,$
on $[-1,0]$.
# Deep decision tree

Deep decision tree is a directed acyclic graph of decision rules for classification and regression tasks that is represented by a statistic-based supervised learning technique - decision stream. This decision tree based method avoids the problem of data exhaustion in terminal nodes by merging of leaves from the same/different levels of predictive model.
Decision stream provides:
– High accuracy due to the precise splitting of data with unpaired two-sample test statistics.
– Decrease of overfitting due to partition of data only into statistically representative groups.
– Reduction of complexity on every level of predictive model.
– Self-regulated depth of predictive model.
Unlike the classical decision tree approach, this method builds a predictive model with high degree of connectivity by merging statistically indistinguishable nodes at each iteration. The key advantage of decision stream is an efficient usage of every node, taking into account all fruitful feature splits. With the same quantity of nodes, it provides higher depth than decision tree, splitting and merging the data multiple times with different features. The predictive model is growing till no improvements are achievable, considering different data recombinations, and resulting in deep directed acyclic graph, where decision branches are loosely split and merged like natural streams of a waterfall. Decision stream supports generation of extremely deep graph that can consist of hundreds of levels.
# Definite integral/Computation/x^2+3x-6 over x-1/From 2 to 5/Exercise

Compute the definite integral
    $\int _{2}^{5}{\frac {x^{2}+3x-6}{x-1}}dx$
# Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2020/Fall/105/Section068

This project is associated with English 105.068 at the University of North Carolina.

## Project

Students in the course have studied the Federal Writers' Project Papers at UNC's Wilson Library. Each student has chosen an individual to research and record on our class website.

## Life Histories

Special:Prefixindex/Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2020/Fall/105/Section068/
Use the following to create a new life history subpage: