OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anthropology Textbook Improvement Project

Welcome to the Wikiversity Anthropology Textbook Improvement Project, part of the School of Anthropology.

## Content summary

The Anthropology Textbook Improvement Project is a Wikiversity learning project where participants improve anthropology-related textbooks at Wikibooks.
Anthropology is the study of humankind throughout all time. Its four main sub-fields includes archaeology, biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology and cultural anthropology. Anthropology departments in different countries sometimes teach archaeology separately from the other sub-fields and in other countries all four sub-fields are taught in the same department.

## Learning materials

Learning materials and learning projects are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a link to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the main namespace) and start writing!
You should also read about the Wikiversity:Learning model. Lessons should center on learning activities for Wikiversity participants. Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple projects. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.

### Texts

* Introduction to Forensic Anthropology
* Cultural Anthropology
* IB Cultural Anthropology
* Introduction to Paleoanthropology

### Assignments

Read and learn about anthropology and use what you learn to help improve a textbook.

#### Readings

Each activity has a suggested associated background reading selection.
* Reading 1.
* Study guide:
* Wikipedia article: w: __Article Name__
* etc.

### Lessons

* Dominant group/Anthropology/Term test
# Anthropology

Anthropology literally translates as the study of humanity, with an emphasis toward a holistic approach. It is an holistic scientific discipline concerned with all aspects of human kind: Social behaviour, languages, attitudes, values, personality, government, kinship, history, prehistory, art, illness, healing, religion, economics, technology, clothing, etc. Sociology, psychology, economics, political science, history and lots of other disciplines contribute to anthropology. This is exemplified by the four-field approach in the United States: sociocultural anthropology, linguistics, archaeology, and physical anthropology. Sociocultural anthropology examines contemporary societies and culture. Archaeology is the study of material artifacts in order to better understand history and past societies. Linguistics is the study of language and its effects on social relations and culture. Physical anthropology is the study of comparative physiology within and across the primate species.
Anthropologists tend to study large groups of people like villages, tribes, cities, and nations. One of its main tools of social analysis is participant-observation and ethnography, which has traditionally been a first-hand description of a culture, or aspects of a culture but has expanded to include multi-media and integration with other social science tools such as statistics. Applied Anthropology is the practice of anthropological knowledge to practical use. There are many places where anthropology is used to improve people's lives, such as formulating diets, easing tensions between different cultures and nationalities.

## Resources

* Anthropology/Introduction
* Anthropology/Lecture
* Archaeology
* Biological anthropology
* Cultural Anthropology
* Ethnography
* Nonkilling Anthropology
* Nonkilling Linguistics
* Paleanthropology

## See Also

* Anthropology resources
* Archaeology resources
* Culture
* History
* Human Trafficking
* Middle Ages
* Sex integration
# Anthropology/Introduction
## Social and Cultural Anthropology
### Key Themes

* Social relations
* Approaches to Memory and Nation
* Archaeology of the mind
* Self Emotion and Culture
* The Sensuality of the Social: Experience and Representation
* Engendering the Social: Feminism and Anthropology
* Social Relations as Persons
* Language
* Material culture
* Bodies
* Ethnography: Writing Culture

### Influential Thinkers

* Lévy-Bruhl - rationality and relativism
* Dilthey - Hermeneutics and the interpretation
* Whorf - Linguistic relativity
* Turner - Anthropology of change
* Boas - Historical Anthropology
* Gramsci - Hegemony and counter-hegemony
* Bakhtin - The anthropology of performance
* Lévi-Strauss - Structural anthropology
* Bourdieu - Habitus and Practise Theory
* Foucault - Discourse and power/knowledge
* Harris - Cultural Materialism and scientific approach
* Geertz - Symbolic anthropology
# BCP/Verbena urticifolia

Verbena urticifolia
| Inflorescence (spike) Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Verbena urticifolia (White Vervain) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 16:41, 22 July 2007 (photolog) --SB_Johnny | 12:40, 19 August 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 10:09, 20 July 2008 (UTC) Jomegat 02:27, 13 August 2008 (UTC) Jomegat 20 August, 2008 (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Summer, Late Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) July, August New Hampshire: August
Additional images:
# BCP/Veronica arvensis

Veronica arvensis
| Flowering Plant Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Veronica arvensis (Corn Speedwell) Identifying Characteristics Habit:spreading herbaceous plantLife Cycle: winter annual Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 12:08, 4 May 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 11:12, 27 May 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 11:35, 4 June 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Spring, Mid Spring, Late Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (invasive or naturalized) March, April, May
Additional images:
# BCP/Verbena hastata/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Verbena hastata (Vervain). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 12:40, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:01, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 13:39, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 19:41, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 04:28, 1 August 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 09:21, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

#### 2009 Logs

* Jomegat 00:11, 15 July 2009 (UTC)

##### Recent Logs

* Jomegat 19:45, 24 July 2010 (UTC)
# BCP/Veronica americana/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Veronica americana (American Brooklime). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 14:53, 2 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 17:26, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:52, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 13:17, 24 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:26, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:38, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 12:28, 9 August 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Vernonia noveboracensis/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Vernonia noveboracensis (New York Ironweed). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2007 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 16:27, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:04, 21 July 2007 (UTC) (yesterday was the first day, not blooming the day before)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:02, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:24, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 08:42, 27 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 06:44, 1 October 2007 (UTC)

#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 10:12, 20 July 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 09:46, 24 September 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Verbena urticifolia/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Verbena urticifolia (White Vervain). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 16:41, 22 July 2007 (photolog)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:40, 19 August 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:09, 20 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 02:27, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 20 August, 2008
# BCP/Vernonia noveboracensis

Vernonia noveboracensis
| Closeup of flowerheads Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Vernonia noveboracensis (New York Ironweed) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Erect herbaceous plantFlowers:Heads, purpleFoliage:SimpleLife Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 10:12, 20 July 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 09:46, 24 September 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) July, August, September, October
Additional images:
# BCP/Veronica

Veronica
| Search for Veronica on commons) Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Veronica (Speedwells) Identifying Characteristics Subclass plants:(see Category:BCP/Genus/Veronica) Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 11:24, 10 May 2008 (UTC) (an unidentified species, also identified ones) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: May
Additional images:
# BCP/Veronica/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Veronica (Speedwells). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 11:24, 10 May 2008 (UTC) (an unidentified species, also identified ones)
# BCP/Veronica americana

Veronica americana
| Closeup of flowers Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Veronica americana (American Brooklime) Identifying Characteristics Growing Conditions:Semi-aquatic, growing in streams, wet soils, or on banks Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 14:53, 2 June 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 17:26, 9 June 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:52, 18 June 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 13:17, 24 June 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 11:26, 2 July 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 11:38, 8 June 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 12:28, 9 August 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer, Mid Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) June, July, August
Additional images:
# BCP/Viburnum lantanoides

Viburnum lantanoides
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Viburnum lantanoides (Hobblebush) Identifying Characteristics Habit:shrubFlowers:Large clusters of white to pink flowers. The flowers on the outer edge of the clusters are much larger (3-5 cm across). The whole cluster is typically 10 cm across.Foliage:Large, cardoid leaves are serrate, 10-20 cm long.Stem:Gray-brown and wartyFruit:Drupes form in clusters. Red at first, but ripen to black in late summer.Life Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs Jomegat 15 April 2009 (estimated date based on when a friend told me he had seen it in bloom. He brought in a sample blossom today). (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: New Hampshire: April, May
Additional images:
# BCP/Viburnum lantanoides/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Viburnum lantanoides (Hobblebush). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* --Jomegat 15 May 2008 (back dating)
* --Jomegat 12:42, 20 May 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 04:00, 30 May 2008 (UTC)

#### 2009 Logs

* Jomegat 21:22, 4 May 2009 (UTC)

##### Recent Logs

* Jomegat 15 April 2009 (estimated date based on when a friend told me he had seen it in bloom. He brought in a sample blossom today).
# BCP/Viburnum nudum/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Viburnum nudum (Naked Viburnum). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 09:52, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:42, 4 June 2008 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Viburnum prunifolium/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Viburnum prunifolium (Blackhaw). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* SBJ 12:05, 12 May 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:52, 5 May 2008 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Viburnum plicatum

Viburnum plicatum
| var. plicatum Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Viburnum plicatum (Viburnum) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs SBJ 12:05, 12 May 2007 (UTC) SB_Johnny-LM May 13 2007 (from photographs) --SB_Johnny | 17:27, 23 May 2007 (UTC) SB_Johnny-LM 10:05, 30 April 2008 (UTC) (vars Plicatum and Tomentosum) --SB_Johnny | 12:08, 4 May 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Spring, Late Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) April, May
Additional images:
# BCP/Viburnum plicatum/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Viburnum plicatum (Viburnum). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* SBJ 12:05, 12 May 2007 (UTC)
* SB_Johnny-LM May 13 2007 (from photographs)
* --SB_Johnny | 17:27, 23 May 2007 (UTC)
* SB_Johnny-LM 10:05, 30 April 2008 (UTC) (vars Plicatum and Tomentosum)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:08, 4 May 2008 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Viburnum prunifolium

Viburnum prunifolium
| Illustration Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Viburnum prunifolium (Blackhaw) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs SBJ 12:05, 12 May 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 11:52, 5 May 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) (cultivated) May
Additional images:
# BCP/Viburnum nudum

Viburnum nudum
| Illustration Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Viburnum nudum (Naked Viburnum) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 09:52, 18 June 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 11:42, 4 June 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) June
Additional images:
# BCP/Viburnum rhytidophyllum

Viburnum rhytidophyllum
| Inflorescence and foliage Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Viburnum rhytidophyllum (Leatherleaf Viburnum) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs SBJ 09:05, 16 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:18, 8 May 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) October
Additional images:
# BCP/Viburnum rhytidophyllum/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Viburnum rhytidophyllum (Leatherleaf viburnum). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* SBJ 09:05, 16 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:18, 8 May 2008 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Physostegia virginiana

Physostegia virginiana
| Infloresences Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Physostegia virginiana (Obedient Plant) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs SB Johnny-LM 11:49, 7 July 2007 (UTC) SB Johnny-LM 11:49, 6 August 2007 (UTC) (from photograph datestamp) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) July, August
Additional images:
# BCP/Picea pungens/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Picea pungens (Blue Spruce). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 08:57, 19 May 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Phytolacca americana

Phytolacca americana
| Inflorescence Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Phytolacca americana (Pokeweed) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Upright, bushy, herbaceous plantLife Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs Jomegat 00:06, 9 June 2010 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) June, July, August, September, October New Hampshire: June, July, August , September, October
Additional images: