# Computer Networks/Ethernet

This lesson introduces Ethernet networking.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the Ethernet networking portion of Network+ certification include:
* Given a scenario, deploy the appropriate wired connectivity standard
** Ethernet standards
*** 10BaseT
*** 100BaseT
*** 1000BaseT
*** 1000BaseTX
*** 10GBaseT
*** 100BaseFX
*** 10Base2
*** 10GBaseSR
*** 10GBaseER
*** 10GBaseSW
*** IEEE 1905.1-2013
**** Ethernet over HDMI
**** Ethernet over power line
* Given a scenario, implement and configure the appropriate addressing schema
** MAC addressing
* Explain the basics of network theory and concepts
** Numbering systems
*** Binary
*** Hexadecimal
*** Octal
** Broadband/base band
** Bit rates vs baud rate
** Sampling size
** CDMA
** CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA
** Carrier detect/sense
** Wavelength
** Collision

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Ethernet
* Wikipedia: Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection
* Wikipedia: MAC address
* Wikipedia: Binary number
* Wikipedia: Hexadecimal

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Ethernet Standards - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 5.4
* YouTube: Network Fundamentals - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 5.2
* YouTube: Modulation Techniques - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 5.2
* YouTube: Hexadecimal Math - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 5.2
* YouTube: Octal Math - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 5.2
* YouTube: CSMA/CD and CSMA/CA - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 5.2

## Activities

* Review Wikipedia: IEEE 802.3. Create a comparison table listing the following Ethernet standards. For each standard, note the media type, data rate, maximum distance, and year the standard was introduced.
** 10BaseT
** 100BaseT
** 1000BaseT
** 1000BaseTX
** 10GBaseT
** 100BaseFX
** 10Base2
** 10GBaseSR
** 10GBaseER
** 10GBaseSW
** Ethernet over HDMI
** Ethernet over power line
* Test Ethernet performance.
** Download the free TotuSoft: LAN Speed Test (Lite) network speed test program, or use a free Internet speed test site.
** Review Wikipedia: Duplex (telecommunications) and Home Network Help: Changing the Speed and Duplex Mode of Network Card in Microsoft Windows.
** Check the speed and duplex mode of the network adapter(s) in your system. Make a written note of the current settings. Test network speed and note the results.
** Experiment with changing the speed and duplex mode of your system to determine the impact of a slower connection using hubs (half duplex) rather than switches (full duplex). Test network speed and compare the results.
** Return your settings to the original values. Test network speed again to verify performance.
* Identify your network adapter's MAC address and manufacturer.
** Windows:
*** Review Microsoft: Getmac. Use the getmac command to display MAC addresses on your computer.
*** Review Microsoft: Ipconfig. Use the ipconfig /all command to display MAC addresses on your computer.
*** Review Wikipedia: Organizationally unique identifier. Search the Internet for OUI lookup. Select a site and enter your MAC address to identify the manufacturer of your network adapter(s).
** macOS:
*** Review macOS Daily: Find a MAC Address in macOS. Use System Preferences to display MAC addresses on your computer.
*** Review macOS Daily: Find a MAC Address in macOS. Use the networksetup -listallhardwareports command to display MAC addresses on your computer.
*** Review Wikipedia: Organizationally unique identifier. Search the Internet for OUI lookup. Select a site and enter your MAC address to identify the manufacturer of your network adapter(s).
** Linux:
*** Review Linux.org: View and Change Linux MAC Addresses. Use the ifconfig to display MAC addresses on your computer.
*** Review Wikipedia: Organizationally unique identifier. Search the Internet for OUI lookup. Select a site and enter your MAC address to identify the manufacturer of your network adapter(s).
** Android:
*** Review Optimum: Finding the MAC Address on an Android Phone or Android Tablet. Use Settings to display MAC address on your device.
*** Review Wikipedia: Organizationally unique identifier. Search the Internet for OUI lookup. Select a site and enter your MAC address to identify the manufacturer of your network adapter.
** iOS:
*** Review macOS Daily: Find the iPhone MAC Address. Use Settings to display the MAC address on your device.
*** Review Wikipedia: Organizationally unique identifier. Search the Internet for OUI lookup. Select a site and enter your MAC address to identify the manufacturer of your network adapter.
* Use a protocol analyzer to view an Ethernet frame.
** Review Wikipedia: Ethernet frame.
** Follow the instructions in Wireshark/Ethernet to capture and view an Ethernet frame.
* Advanced: Spoof a MAC address.
** Windows:
*** Review Wikipedia: MAC spoofing and Wikibooks: Changing Your MAC Address.
*** Review Online Tech Tips: Change or Spoof a MAC Address in Windows or macOS.
*** Continue with All: below.
** macOS:
*** Review Wikipedia: MAC spoofing and Wikibooks: Changing Your MAC Address.
*** Review Online Tech Tips: Change or Spoof a MAC Address in Windows or macOS.
*** Continue with All: below.
** Linux:
*** Review Wikipedia: MAC spoofing and Wikibooks: Changing Your MAC Address.
*** Review Linux.org: View and Change Linux MAC Addresses.
*** Continue with All: below.
** All:
*** Use one of the methods in the previous activity to identify the MAC address on your computer. Make a written note of the address.
*** Change the MAC address to a new random address of your choosing. Test connectivity with the new address.
*** Change the MAC address again, this time to match the address of another computer on your network. Note: This may disrupt network connectivity for one or both devices. Test connectivity with the new address.
*** Change the MAC address back to the original value assigned by the manufacturer. Test connectivity with the restored address.
* Convert binary, decimal and hexadecimal numbers.
** Review MathsIsFun: Binary, Decimal and Hexadecimal Numbers and MathsIsFun: Binary to Decimal to Hexadecimal Converter.
** Experiment with converting decimal values to hexadecimal and binary, and then back to decimal again.
** Use your operating system's calculator or system commands. Perform simple math calculations in binary and hexadecimal. Convert the values to decimal to check your work.
*** Windows GUI:
**** Review Ampercent: How To Use Windows Calculator For Number System Conversions.
*** macOS GUI:
**** Review macOS Daily: Access the Scientific Calculator & Programmer Calculator in macOS.
*** macOS Terminal:
**** Review Linuxnix: Convert Binary,HEX, Oct to decimal in Linux/Unix.
*** Linux Terminal:
**** Review Linuxnix: Convert Binary,HEX, Oct to decimal in Linux/Unix.

## See Also

* MAC address