OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Transcending Conflict/Energy Producers Agree to Protect the Environment
## Creative Problem Solving in Negotiations

This case study shows how effective creative problem solving can benefit any negotiation. All too often, negotiators can become tied up and bound as they commit to taking a competitive approach to their negotiation. As a result, they don't allow themselves to be flexible nor consider a creative approach to derive more value from the negotiations. On the other hand, a common error committed by those who believe they are taking the win-win approach to their talks is to overcompensate their need to find agreement by making unwise compromises. A compromise invariably means that both resources and money will likely be left on the table, unclaimed by either party.
Here’s how two west coast energy producers, Southern California Edison Co. and Bonneville Power Administration created a joint partnership through creative problem solving whereby each party met their objectives. They worked to identify the interests each had, and created a solution that would satisfy interests of both parties.
In 1991, the two parties conceived of a way to help the Columbia River salmon in the Pacific Northwest, while improving the polluted air of southern California, and they managed this feat without spending any money in the process!
Here’s a short version of this very unique and imaginative problem solving that illustrates the powerful benefits of the create process at work. During the summer months, Bonneville Power would increase the flow of water into the Columbia River. This would automatically increase the amount of hydroelectric power generated by California Edison. The increased flow of water allowed the young salmon to swim through the channels more easily. It also increased their survival rate because a weaker current made them more prey to becoming lost or more vulnerable to being devoured by predators.
Later, in the fall and winter months, California Edison returned the power back to Bonneville Power Administration that it had borrowed during the preceding summer months. As a result, Bonneville had very little need to run its coal-fired and oil plants during the summer months.
This was truly a win-win agreement. The exchange of power, roughly equivalent to about 100,000 households improved the migration of the salmon, thereby increasing their survival rates and expanding the fish population. Additionally, air pollution was reduced significantly as Bonneville didn’t have to resort to smog producing plants during the stifling and oft smoggy summer months that normally occur. What kind of impact? It's been estimated the saving was about equivalent to taking about 5,000 cars off the highways. The best part of all was that absolutely no money exchanged hands in the entire process.
# Training

Training means practicing to gain more skills. Somebody who plays football practices for the football games against other teams so that his team gets good and wins. The word "training" is usually used when talking about sports, but it is also used for training for a job or in "basic training". Basic training is the practicing for people who want to become a soldier. Training for a job is done in apprenticeships. Today it is often called a professional development.
Training also means changing behavior through learning new requirements and methods and usually requires folow-up testing to determine if the behavior has been successfully changed and follow-up training to insure that the desired behavior has been achieved. These follow-up sessions may be repeated until the desired behavior has been achieved.
Training is different from exercise. Exercise may be an occasional activity for fun. Training is specific and done to improve one's capability, capacity, and performance; see, e.g., strength training or flexibility training.

## Other websites

* Training Within Industry - A national conference for those interested in deploying the TWI training methodology.
* Fitness training for kids
* Fitness training for seniors
# Transactional analysis

Subject classification: this is a psychology resource.
Completion status: this resource is considered to be complete.
Transactional analysis (TA) is a psychodynamic way of understanding human interpersonal relationships and interactions. Basically, it builds on the Freudian notion of Id, Ego, and Superego as three competing parts of our "self" to consider relationships in terms of what happens when people play each of these roles -- in the form of Child (Id), Adult (Ego), and Parent (Superego). TA involves the notion of "hooking" whereby if I play a Child role, it will put you at risk of being hooked into playing Parent. When in a Child-Parent game, someone needs to risk playing Adult, and thereby hook the other person back into an Adult-Adult dynamic. However, being a Child is not to be discouraged - this is about being playful, creative, spontaneous, loving, etc. And sometimes we need to be a Parent - this is about being nurturing, responsible, guiding, supportive, etc. But the "worst" of this dynamic can be, for example, the screaming child and the overbearing parent. Other combinations have other dominant dynamics. The common dynamics are described as "games". There is much more to TA, but this introduction gives the essence of it. Enough, really, for anyone interested to start asking questions, reading, and making observations and analysis, etc. :

## Key concepts

* Ego state model (PAC model): ,
* Transactions, Strokes (Warm Fuzzies & Cold Pricklies), Time structuring
* Life script
* Discounting, redefining, symbiosis
* Rackets, stamps, and games
* Autonomy

## Philosophical assumptions

* People are OK.
* Everyone has the capacity to think.
* People decide their own destiny, and these decisions can be changed.
From these assumptions follow two basic principles of transactional analysis practice:
* The contractual method: Emphasizes that the transactional analysis practitioner and the client take joint responsibility for achieving whatever change the client wants to make, and
* Open communication: Means that the client as well as the practitioner should have full information about what is going on in their work together.

## Games people play

There are some common dynamics that occur between people. TA describes many of these - such as in Berne's book "Games People Play".
An example dynamic is the Karpman drama triangle.
# Trade Finance/Short-term Financing

| Trade Finance | Introduction | M.1 Political and Economic Risk | M.2 Risk Mitigation Techniques | M.3 Commercial Risk | M.4 Payment Methods | M.5 Selecting Payment Methods | M.6 Financial Plan | M.7 Short-term Financing | M.8 Medium- and Long-term Financing |

## Module 7: Short-term Financing
### Module Introduction

The objective of this module is to identify and arrange short-term (up to 180 days) pre- and/or post-shipment finance for a seller to ensure lowest cost financing at acceptable levels of risk.
This area of financing provides many options for an exporter and in some cases desirable financing options for an importer. It is important to remember that all options carry risk and the greater the risk the higher the cost. When evaluating risk, the associated costs must be a factor in the cost equation. The financing tools that have been presented in other sections merge at this point into potential financing options. These options include financing from vendors (suppliers), banks, insurance (making receivables eligible for financing), standby letters of credit (to provide credit terms from a seller), commercial letters of credit (under acceptance financing), government programs (pre- and post-shipment financing options) and documentary collections (under extended payment terms with an accepted draft). These options are tied to inventory and accounts receivable which are short- term in nature and turn over within a six- month period, or in some cases up to one year. Careful examination of these options is necessary to select the right option for the right price and risk level. This module will introduce you to the forms and functions of short-term financing: credit insurance, government-supported finance, discounting, time-draft letters of credit, and the Export Working Capital Program.
If you are not familiar with the basic accounting terminology covered in this module (accounts receivable, debit, credit) you need to review a basic accounting book to familiarize yourself with the terms. You will find reference to letters of credit and a variety of other payment terms covered in detail in Module 4: Payment Methods.

### Module Sections

* Unit 7.1: Forms of Short-term Financing

### About this Resource

These resources were developed by MSU Global with funding provided by a U.S. Department of Education, Business in International Education Title VIB grant.
# Training and Development

Human resource management regards training and development as a function concerned with organizational activity aimed at bettering the job performance of individuals and groups in organizational settings. Training and development can be described as "an educational process which involves the sharpening of skills, concepts, changing of attitude and gaining more knowledge to enhance the performance of employees". The field has gone by several names, including "Human Resource Development", "Human Capital Development" and "Learning and Development".

## Courses

* Create a training and development plan

## Learning media and readings
### Local

Here are some local learning ideas on this wiki.
* Instructional Design

### Wikipedia

* Training and development

### External

* Training and Development Specialists (Occupational outlook)
* How To Become A Training and Development Specialist
* 5 Benefits of Training and Development
* Designing a Training Program
* Early History of the Fields of Practice of Training and Development and Organization Development
# Refresher/csharp/Basic Operations
### Presentation

| Basic Limitation | Basic Operations | Authentication | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | Authentication |
* ACID rule of thumb for transactions: Transaction must be Atomic (independent off other transactions), Consistent (committed or roll back), Isolated (other transactions cannot see intermediate results), Durable (values persist if committed)
* ASP.NET Web application debugging: attach the aspnet_wp.exe process to the DbgClr debugger
* Assembly deployment: MSI installer, CAB archive, and XCOPY command
* Descending sorting: by calling Sort and then Reverse methods
* Immediate window in VS.IDE: change value of a variable while debugging a C# application
* Test cases in unit testing: Positive, negative and exception
* try { control transfer only after finally block executed } catch (Exception ex) { } finally { executed if no exceptions but exceptions herein are not handled }
# Refresher/csharp/Delegates How and When
### Presentation

| Accessibility Modifiers | Delegates How and When | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | List of Topics |
* Delegate: a class -- usable if declared and instantiated
* Delegate use: passed around as a parameter, and invoked by the receiving object
* Delegate example 1: success = MyAddressProvider.HandleCampaign(WhatToDoWithAddresses)
* Delegate example 2: MyMenuItem.Click += new System.Windows.RoutedEventHandlerMyMenuItem_Click)
# Refresher/XML/XML Schema
### Presentation

| Serialization | XML Schema | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | List of Topics |
* Processing instruction -- Syntax <?PITarget PIContent?> -- Example <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
* XML Schema: description of a type of XML document and is one of several XML schema languages
* Schema is an abstract collection of metadata, consisting of a set of schema components
* Schema components: element and attribute declarations and complex and simple type definitions
* Schema documents: the source language definitions of schema components
# Refresher/csharp/Basic Limitation
### Presentation

| Basic Classes | Basic Limitation | Basic Operations | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | Basic Operations |
* System.Array: cannot store multiple data type
# Refresher/csharp/Accessibility Modifiers
### Presentation

| Database | Accessibility Modifiers | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | List of Topics |
* Class inheritance: colon + base class
* Private class-level variables: inherited but not accessible
* Value: keyword for implicit input name of the set method in object classes
* Protected class-level variables: available to classes in the same namespace
* Protected internal: available to derived classes, and classes within the same Assembly, and the base class
* Default constructor: disappears when any constructor is written
* System.Object: top .NET class that everything is derived from
* Method overriding: changing the method behavior for a derived class
* Method overloading: using the same method name again in the same class but with different number, type and order of
* parameters
* Virtual method: can be over-ridden but cannot change method signature
* Method signature: its name and the number and type of its parameters, where the last parameter may comprise of an array
* of values
* Sealed class (in Java, final class): cannot be inherited
* Sealed method: method cannot be inherited but class can when not sealed
* Abstract class (in C++, pure virtual method): blueprint for a class without any implementation and thus cannot be
* instantiated
* Abstract class methods: not all must be abstract, some can be concrete
* Abstract class required when at least one of the methods in the class is abstract
* Abstract method: require non-abstract derived classes to provide their own implementation of this method
* Interface class? an abstract class with public abstract methods all of which must be implemented in the inherited classes
* Interface class methods: all must be abstract and public and thus accessibility modifiers not needed
* Multiple interfaces: can be inherited
* Namespace class: classes are declared inside a namespace
# Refresher/csharp/Basic Concepts
### Presentation

| Introduction | Basic Concepts | Basic Classes | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | Basic Classes |
* Comment styles: Single-line (//), multi-line (/* */) and XML documentation comments (///)
* delegate (function pointers in C++): an object encapsulates reference to a method
* HashTable: datatype allowing data retrieval by unique key
* Interface: an approach to multiple inheritance, contains only abstract members (events, methods, properties) and no constants, data fields, constructors, and destructors
* multicast delegate: a delegate that points to and eventually fires off several methods
* Three-tier: presentation (UI), business (logic and underlying code) and data (from storage or other sources) layers
# Refresher/csharp/Authentication
### Presentation

| Basic Operations | Authentication | Database | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | Database |
* SQL Server authentication: untrusted as username and password are not checked with the Active Directory
* Windows Authentication: trusted as username and password are checked with the Active Directory
# Refresher/csharp/Basic Classes
### Presentation

| Basic Concepts | Basic Classes | Basic Limitation | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | Basic Limitation |
* Debug vsTrace class: debug builds only or both debug and release builds
* Localization namespaces: System.Globalization and System.Resources
* System.Array.CopyTo vs System.Array.Clone: deep vs shallow copy of an array
* System.Text.StringBuilder over System.String: more efficient when a lot of manipulation is done to the text
# Refresher/csharp/Database
### Presentation

| Authentication | Database | Accessibility Modifiers | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | Accessibility Modifiers |
* Initial Catalog: name of wanted database in a Connection String
# UC Women's Group Mentoring Program/Beryl's story
## Most Significant Change
### Contact details

Name of storyteller: Beryl Pedvin
Name of person recording story: Mark Spain
Location: Mizzuna’s
Date of recording: 15 July 2010

### Questions
#### How did you become involved in UC WGMP?

I applied and my participation was approved and fully supported by my supervisor.

#### 1. What changes have you noticed since you have finished the program?

* Networking was a great outcome for me. We went around to each person’s workplace. By the end of the year not a big impact but in the years following I can think of five or six occasions where I have professionally contacted others
* My knowledge of the university and campus was greatly increased
* I’m more known to different groups of people on campus
* It was great to have excellent speakers like Geraldine Doogue, Wendy McCarthy, Julie Mc Crossin, Marion Halligan

#### 2. What has been the MOST significant change?

My most significant change for me is the networking – in both directions
Beginning (situation before the change)
I didn’t think I was missing anything. I was here already for 10 years. I knew a lot of people. I thought I knew almost everything I needed to know but I didn’t.
Middle (what happened)
I didn’t realize what was happening during the program as I was learning more about other people. It was always interesting “sticky beaking” into other people’s workplace & learning about their work, and also having them come to my workplace.
In the library we have an email service “Ask a Librarian”. All sorts of questions came in. It predated other services so we got questions from all over and outside the campus. I started to get queries including international students, prospective & past students, and people with disabilities and I was able to steer them to the right people.
End (situation after)
Networking has been low key but I still see two to three people from my group in the coffee shop occasionally. Some groups have a meal together regularly.
We wrote a poem together. We had excellent speakers from around the place talking on different things. Six people in my group got promotions during the year after our writing our CVs. We worked on a group project to name the car parks on campus. We learned a lot a lot writing a project plan and managing a project.

#### 3. Why was this change significant for you?

Not hugely important but notable on a few occasions. Uni life is a great deal of collegiality and this experience was reasonably useful.
from Jess Dart http://www.clearhorizon.com.au
# UCSportStudies
## Welcome

Welcome to the Wikiversity Page for the Discipline of Sport Studies at the University of Canberra.

## About Sport Studies at the University of Canberra

Sport Studies offers educational programs and research projects in a wide range of sport related fields.
For comprehensive information about Sport Studies at the University of Canberra see this Wikiversity page.

## Academic Staff
### Ben Rattray

Ben's Wikiversity page is here.
Information about Ben's research output can be found here.

### Keith Lyons

Keith Lyons was appointed Director of the National Institute of Sport Studies at the University of Canberra (UCNISS) in March 2009. He has a particular interest in the use of educational technology in sport and physical education.
Information about Keith's work can be found here.
Information about Keith's publications and presentations can be found here.
In Semester 1, 2012, Keith coordinated and taught the Sport Coaching Pedagogy unit. SlideShare resources for the unit can be found here. In Semester 2, 2011, Keith taught the Business, Politics and Sport unit. SlideShare resources for the unit can be found here.
# UCRISE
## ABOUT UCRISE

The University of Canberra Research Institute for Sport and Exercise is one of the University's four research Institutes.
The Institute was created "to support the University's sporting aspirations through strategic planning and leadership, the co-ordination of sport-related research, consultancy across its faculties and the development of external partnerships".
The Director of the Institute is Professor Kevin Thompson.
UCRISE replaced UCNISS as the University's focal point for sport and exercise research.
The Institute has five key research areas:
* High Performance Sport
* Rugby research
* Physical Literacy
* Sport Design and Technology
* Sport and Exercise Medicine
The ActiveBrainUC Research group are also mainly formed from UCRISE members.
# UC Women's Group Mentoring Program/Participant 10's story
## Most Significant Change
### Contact details

Name of storyteller: Participant 10
Name of person recording story: Mark Spain
Location: The Education Centre, 1C88
Date of recording: 3 September 2010

### Questions
#### How did you become involved in UC WGMP?

I was involved in research and research grants. I was involved in collaboration in future groups. In subsequent years I was involved with academics group. I helped with residential. This was a great confidence builder. I knew who to go to for help. It was good for how to advance my career. I was younger and at a different stage of my career. I had seven years in the research office. I built on that and got involved in the Women’s Professional Development Committee. I was settled at uni and wasn’t looking outside. It gave me impetus and confidence for looking outside. I negotiated what I wanted in my job outside. It was a good outcome and came from lateral thinking. It was a higher level part-time job. I saw other women get higher status jobs outside. They used this time to set goals in a supportive environment. EAs still meet regularly. You know people as a result of the WGMP.

#### 1. What changes have you noticed since you have finished the program?

* I was new to the uni. It gave me networks and helped me understand how the uni functioned.
* It also gave me the impetus to study. I will graduate this year.

#### 2. What has been the MOST significant change?

The most significant change for me was the connections and the sense of impetus for the undertaking the next thing. I can use that experience as a template for a new job or a new house. It is good for goal setting and support for achieving goals with a network of support around you. It helped me define my goals. You can’t achieve something if you are too vague about it.
Beginning (situation before the change)
I had some strengths already. I built on these. I didn’t know anybody. I didn’t know how the uni functioned.
Middle (what happened)
I started to form relationships and a blossoming network. I noticed how we let the network emerge.
End (situation after)
I now see myself as a part of layers of networks – me, my group, the Women’s Group Mentoring Program, the University, Canberra. I also since have done the Springboard Program offered by PMP.

#### 3. Why was this change significant for you?

It has helped me to achieve things beyond UC - my job outside and my studies. It has given me a structure to move ahead – setting a goal and achieving it. I am the Manager of the XYZ at ANU. This promotion and pay rise gave me kudos and a sense of recognition. UC was going through a difficult time and because of the additional strain people weren’t being recognized. It was good for me to be recognized and get a job outside.
from Jess Dart http://www.clearhorizon.com.au