# Birthstones
## About

Study on Birthstones as they are listed in a various cultures, texts, websites, etc.

### To do

* Collect sources and basic info.
* Images, background.

### Goals

Summarize findings, categorized by claim, source, cultures, eras.

## Findings
### Individual claims
#### January

Garnets /ˈɡɑːrnət/ are a group of silicate minerals that have been used since the Bronze Age as gemstones and abrasives. The word garnet comes from 14th‑century Middle English word gernet meaning 'dark red,' from the Latin granatus, from granum ('grain, seed') + suffix atus, possibly a reference to mela granatum or even pomum granatum ('pomegranate', scientific name: Punica granatum), a plant whose fruits contain abundant and vivid red arils, are similar in shape, size, and color to some garnet crystals.
Garnet is said to be symbolic of desire.
Called the "traditional birthstone" of January in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects, Garnet is listed as the birthstone in It Happens in the Month of January, a book series described as "everything you ever wanted to know about each month." It is also listed as Garnet in the 2013 Standard Catalog of World Coins 2001 to Date, in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co., and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.
Emerald is a variety of the mineral beryl colored green by trace amounts of chromium and sometimes vanadium. The word "Emerald" is derived (via Old French: Esmeraude and Middle English: Emeraude), from Vulgar Latin: Esmaralda/Esmaraldus, a variant of Latin Smaragdus, which originated in Greek: σμάραγδος (smaragdos; "green gem").
Emerald is listed is the "mystical birthstone" in From Satan's Crown to the Holy Grail: Emeralds in Myth, Magic, and History.
Rose quartz is considered the "secondary birthstone" of January in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.

#### February

Amethyst is said to be associated with good luck, humor, and health.
Amethyst is called the "traditional birthstone" of February in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects, and is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co. It is also listed in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.
Onyx is considered the "secondary birthstone" of February in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.

#### March

Aquamarine is associated with comprehension and happiness.
It is called the "traditional birthstone" of March in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects, and it is also listed in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.
Bloodstone is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co. It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of March in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.

#### April

Diamond is associated with desire and connection.
Diamond is called the "traditional birthstone" of April in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects, is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co., and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.
Crystal quartz is considered the "secondary birthstone" of April in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.

#### May
##### Emerald

Emerald is called the "traditional birthstone" of May in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects. It is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co., and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.

##### Chrysoprase

It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of May in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.

#### June
##### Agate

Agate is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.

##### Pearl

Pearl is called the "traditional birthstone" of June in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects, and it is listed in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.

##### Moonstone

It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of June in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.

#### July
##### Ruby

Ruby is called the "traditional birthstone" of July in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects. It is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co., and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.

##### Carnelian

It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of July in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.

#### August
##### Peridot

Peridot is called the "traditional birthstone" of August in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects, and it is listed in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.

##### Sardonyx

Sardonyx is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co. It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of August in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.

#### September
##### Sapphire

Sapphire is called the "traditional birthstone" of September in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects. It is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co., and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.

##### Lapis Lazuli

It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of September in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.

#### October
##### Opal

Opal is called the "traditional birthstone" of October in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects, It is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co., and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.

##### Pink tourmaline

It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of October in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.

#### November
##### Topaz

Topaz is called the "traditional birthstone" of November in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects, and is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co.

##### Lemon quartz

Citrine, a type of quartz, is listed as the birthstone in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus. It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of November in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.

#### December
##### Turquoise

Turquoise is called the "traditional birthstone" of December in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects, It is listed as the birthstone in an 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co., and in an astrology based cook-book Romance Cooking: Unlocking the Secrets of Seducing Mars Or Venus.

##### Blue topaz

It is considered the "secondary birthstone" of December in Easy Birthstone Jewelry: 38 Exciting Projects.

### Full claims

| Claim | January | February | March | April | May | June | July | August | September | October | November | December |
| 1870 pamphlet by Tiffany & Co. | Garnet | Amethyst | Bloodstone | Diamond | Emerald | Agate | Ruby | Sardonyx | Sapphire | Opal | Topaz | Turquoise |
| Judaism | Garnet | Amethyst | Jasper | Sapphire | Chaldedony Carnelian Agate | Emerald | Onyx | Carnelian | Chrysolite | Aquamarine | Topaz | Ruby |
| Romans | Garnet | Amethyst | Bloodstone | Sapphire | Agate | Emerald | Onyx | Carnelian | Sardonyx | Aquamarine | Topaz | Ruby |
| Isidore Bishop of Seville | Hyacinth | Amethyst | Jasper | Sapphire | Agate | Emerald | Onyx | Carnelian | Chrysolite | Aquamarine | Topaz | Ruby |
| Arabians | Garnet | Amethyst | Bloodstone | Sapphire | Emerald | Agate Chalcedony Pearl | Carnelian | Sardonyx | Chrysolite | Aquamarine | Topaz | Ruby |
| Poles | Garnet | Amethyst | Bloodstone | Diamond | Emerald | Agate Chalcedony | Ruby | Sardonyx | Sardonyx | Aquamarine | Topaz | Turquoise |
| Russians | Garnet Hyacinth | Amethyst | Jasper | Sapphire | Emerald | Agate Chalcedony | Ruby Sardonyx | Alexandrite | Chrysolite | Beryl | Topaz | Turquoise Chrysoprase |
| Italians | Jacinth Garnet | Amethyst | Jasper | Sapphire | Agate | Emerald | Onyx | Carnelian | Chrysolite | Beryl | Topaz | Ruby |
| 15th to 20th Century | Garnet | Amethyst Hyacinth Pearl | Jasper Bloodstone | Diamond Sapphire | Emerald Agate | Cat's-eye Turquoise Agate | Turquiose Onyx | Sardonyx Carnelian Moonstone Topaz | Chrysolite | Beryl Opal | Topaz Pearl | Ruby Bloodstone |