OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Urantia Book/Science vs Religion

The Urantia Book goes to great lengths to show how science and religion are not incompatible. Science is like the art of measuring: man's study of the finite. Religion is man's study of the infinite.
Before this lesson gets developed, I'd like to share the experience that prompted it's creation. The Times has been publishing newer editions of the Complete World History, or some title like that. A reviewer on Amazon.com is irritated that evolution is the only theory offered to explain man's origins. The review suggests both creation and intelligent design as alternatives. This lack of recognition of the beliefs of millions of people around the world led the reviewer to feel as though the Times authors are intentionally misleading readers.
"Never attribute to malice that which can be explained by stupidity."
It pains me to see scientists and religionists butting heads in such a futile manner. They both think they know more than the other. The scientist has hundreds of experiments to point to as his authority (although Philosophy can render sensory input meaningless). The religionist can only point to a subjective set of morals, ostensibly given by God. The scientist questions the religionist's veracity, while the religionist looks down at the seemingly confused, immoral scientist.
In searching for answers, the scientist works from here and now, from the things he can see, and works backwards, in a series of carefully measured steps. The religionist starts at God and works his way to the here and now. Science will never prove or disprove God. Neither will any possible science in the future be able to prove or disprove God.
Science and religion need to leave each other alone. Our species was once without science. But while science has given us a long list of horrors, it has also given us unimagined opportunities. Science eases our lives, religion motivates us.
# PlanetPhysics/Wikipedia Physics Mathematics Entries and Exchange Projects

This is a contributed topic on physics, as well as mathematics, entries and exchange projects on Wikipedia.

## Wikipedia physics and mathematics entries or exchange projects

There are over 600 PM and PlanetPhysics entries that are partially incorporated in existing Wikipedia websites' materials. Furthermore there is also an \htmladdnormallink{exchange project between Wikipedia and PlanetMath.org}{http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Mathematics/PlanetMath_Exchange#Converting_text_from_PlanetMath_to_Wikipedia_formats}. The PM website on Wikipedia curently lists a number of important Internet and web resources for physics and mathematics that are freely accessible.
PlanetPhysics.org members who have entries on Wikipedia may transfer or incorporate their entries on PlanetPhysics, with the appropriate acknowledgement of the free use of their GNU license documents on Wikipedia. Conversely, Wikipedia members are also able to freely transfer or partially incorporate their entries content from PlanetPhysics also to Wikipedia under the free GNU license terms. Often this involves at present a change in the TeX version utilized, with a different look and feel in the graphics-rich environment on Wikipedia.
# PlanetPhysics/Work in Classic Mechanics

Work is defined as the change of kinetic energy of an object caused by a force along a distance.
Work is commonly denoted by the latter $W$
The SI unit for work is joule [J] which is the same as ${\frac {kg\cdot m^{2}}{s^{2}}}$ in SI base units.
When focusing on an object moving along a straight line under the effect of constant forces $\Sigma F$. Let's define a $x$ axis along the line of motion.
According to Newton: $\Sigma F_{x}$ = $ma_{x}$
The acceleration $a$ is constant (the sum of forces is constant, and so the following kinematic formula is relevant: </math> v_f^2 = v_i^2 + 2a \Delta x $($v_f$-Thefinal[[../Velocity/|velocity]],$v_i$-Theinitialvelocity)<math>a={\frac {v_{f}^{2}-v_{i}^{2}}{2\Delta x}}$
When inserting the previous equation into Newton's second law: $\Sigma F_{x}={\frac {m(v_{f}^{2}-v_{i}^{2})}{2\Delta x}}$And after a few algebric actions we get: $\Sigma F_{x}\Delta x=0.5mv_{f}^{2}-0.5mv_{i}^{2}=\Delta E_{k}$From that we can conclude that $W=F\Delta x$ ; $F_{x}\Delta x$ is the work done by the force $F_{x}$ along the route $\Delta x$
Work like energy is a scalar but is defined as the product of two vectorial parameters: $\nabla F\cdot \nabla \Delta S$ and so in a two dimentional space work is defined as the scalar product of force $\nabla F$ and change in place $\nabla \Delta S$. $W=|\nabla F|\cdot |\nabla \Delta S|\cos \theta$
# PlanetPhysics/Yoneda Lemma

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## Yoneda lemma

Let us introduce first a basic lemma in category theory that links the equivalence of two abelian categories to certain fully faithful functors.
{\mathbf Abelian Category Equivalence Lemma.} Let Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "http://localhost:6011/en.wikiversity.org/v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathcal{A'' } and ${\mathcal {B}}$ be any two Abelian categories, and also let $F:{\mathcal {A}}\to {\mathcal {B}}$ be an exact, fully faithful, essentially surjective functor. faithful, essentially surjective functor. Then $F$ is an equivalence of Abelian categories ${\mathcal {A}}$ and ${\mathcal {B}}$}.
The next step is to define the hom-functors. Let ${\mathbf {S} ets}$ be the category of sets. The functors $F:{\mathcal {C}}\to {\mathbf {S} ets}$, for any category ${\mathcal {C}}$, form a functor category ${\mathbf {F} unct}({\mathcal {C}},{\mathbf {S} ets})$ (also written as $[{\mathcal {C}},{\mathbf {S} ets}]$. Then, any object $X\in {\mathcal {C}}$ gives rise to the functor Failed to parse (syntax error): {\displaystyle hom_C (X,âˆ’) : \mathcal{C} \to {\mathbf Sets}} . One has also that the assignment Failed to parse (syntax error): {\displaystyle X \mapsto hom_C (X,âˆ’)} extends to a natural contravariant functor $F_{y}:{\mathcal {C}}\to {\mathbf {F} unct}({\mathcal {C}},{\mathbf {S} ets})$.
One of the most commonly used results in category theory for establishing an equivalence of categories is provided by the following proposition.
{\mathbf Yoneda Lemma.} The functor Failed to parse (syntax error): {\displaystyle F_y: \mathcal{C'' \to {\mathbf Funct}(\mathcal{C},{\mathbf Sets})} is a fully faithful functor because it induces isomorphisms on the Hom sets.}
# PlanetPhysics/William F Lawvere
## William Francis Lawvere: Biography

American mathematician (with an interest in physical mathematics, categorical logics and mathematical philosophy) born February 9, 1937 at Muncie, Indiana, USA. Currently, he is with the New York University at Buffalo as an Emeritus Professor.
Dr. William Francis Lawvere is widely known for his foundation work on adjointness in Mathematics, especially category theory, Topoi, closed Cartesian categories, and the axiomatic foundation of Mathematics and Category Theory based on ETAC.
Bill Lawvere obtained his Ph.D at Columbia university in 1963 with Samuel Eilenberg, (who was the co-founder of Category Theory with S. MacLane in 1942--1945). He visited for a year at Berkeley University, and after his PhD, during 1964--1967, he worked at the Forschungsinstitut für Mathematik at the famous ETH in Zurich; he began work on the Category of Categories (which is defined as a meta-category or super-category), and was there directly influenced by Pierre Gabriel's seminars at Oberwolfach on Alexander Grothendieck's Foundation of algebraic Geometry.
Subsequently, he worked at The University of Chicago, Illinois, with Saunders Mac Lane especially on Categorical Logics, using adjoint functors, algebraic semantics and universal quantifiers (see ETAC and ETAS). During this time he also worked on Categorical Dynamics.
In 1968 and 1969 he was back in Zürich, at a time when the first papers on the Category of categories and supercategories were published, and he introduced the concept of a generalized Grothendieck topos.
He then moved to Dalhousie University in 1969, where in 1995 there was a celebration of 50 years of Category Theory with Professor Saunders Mac Lane also being present. (Currently, there is also an over-due celebration of 40 years of Categorical \htmladdnormallink{dynamics {http://planetphysics.us/encyclopedia/MathematicalFoundationsOfQuantumTheories.html}, with Lawvere as one of the founders}).
He strongly opposed in 1970 the use of the War Measures Act on moral principles.
Since 1974, until his retirement in 2000, he was a Professor of Mathematics at University at Buffalo, NY, often collaborating with Stephen Schanuel. He beacame an Emeritus Professor of Mathematics and Adjunct, Emeritus Professor of Philosophy at the University at Buffalo, NY.
# PlanetPhysics/X Ray Microscope

An X-ray microscope , or X-ray tomograph uses electromagnetic radiation in the soft (long wavelength) X-ray region to produce images of tiny objects, such as living cells. Sir Lawrence Bragg produced some of the first usable X-ray images with his apparatus in the late 1940's. Early X-ray microscopes that were built by Paul Kirkpatrick and Albert Baez used grazing-incidence reflective `optics' to focus the X-rays, which grazed X-rays off parabolic, curved mirrors at a very high angle of incidence, in order to avoid total absorption and scattering of the X-ray beam.
At the Advanced Light Source (ALS)in Berkeley, CA, ($http://ncxt.lbl.gov$) the X-ray microscope model XM-1 is a complete field soft X-ray microscope operated by the Center for X-ray Optics which is dedicated to various applications in materials sciences and biology, nanoscience, (such as nanomagnetic materials) and environmental sciences. XM-1 utilizes an X-ray `lens' to focus X-rays on a CCD, in a manner superficially similar to an optical or electron microscope. Unlike the latter two types of earlier microscopes, however, the X-ray beam of long wavelengths is diffracted in the XM-1 by Fresnel zone plates down to 15nm and is thus able to combine moderately high spatial resolution with a sub-100ps time resolution to study ultrafast spin dynamics or fast kinetics. Its successor at ALS ($http://www.cxro.lbl.gov/BL612/$), XM-2, is capable of producing 3-dimensional (3D) tomograms of a single cell. A resolution of 30 nanometer is possible uwith XM-2 using the Fresnel zone plate `lens' which forms the reconstructed, highly-magnified image using the soft x-rays emitted from a synchrotron. Recently, the use of soft x-rays emitted from laser-produced plasmas rather than synchrotron radiation is becoming more popular.
# PlanetPhysics/Yetter Drinfeld Module

Let $H$ be a quasi-bialgebra with reassociator $\Phi$. A left $H$-module $M$ together with a left $H$-coaction $\lambda _{M}:M\to H\otimes M$, $\lambda _{M}(m)=\sum m_{({\widehat {a}}HR1)}\otimes m_{0}$ is called a left Yetter-Drinfeld module if the following equalities hold, for all $h\in H$ and $m\in M$:
$\sum X^{1}m_{({\widehat {a}}HR1)}\otimes (X^{2}.m_{(0)})_{({\widehat {a}}HR1)}X^{3}\otimes (X^{2}.m_{(0)})_{0}=\sum X^{1}(Y^{1}\times m)_{({\widehat {a}}HR1)1}Y^{2}\otimes X^{2}\times (Y^{1}xm)_{({\widehat {a}}HR1)2}\times Y^{3}\otimes X^{3}x(Y^{1}xm)_{(0)},$ and $\sum \epsilon (m_{({\widehat {a}}HR1)})m_{0}=m,$ and
$\sum h_{1}m_{({\widehat {a}}HR1)}\otimes h_{2}\times m_{0}=\sum (h_{1}.m)_{({\widehat {a}}HR1)}h_{2}\otimes (h_{1}.m)_{0}.$
{\mathbf Remark} This module (ref.) is essential for solving the quasi--Yang--Baxter equation which is an important relation in mathematical physics.

### Drinfel'd modules

Let us consider a module that operates over a ring of functions on a curve over a finite field, which is called an elliptic module . Such modules were first studied by Vladimir Drinfel'd in 1973 and called accordingly Drinfel'd modules.
# PlanetPhysics/Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

\setcounter{section}{1}
If two systems, A and B, are separately in equilibrium with a third system C, then they are also in equilibrium with one another.
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The zeroth law of thermodynamics describes the transitive nature of thermal equilibrium.
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Despite its apparent simplicity, the zeroth law has the consequence of implying the existence of an important state function, the empirical temperature $\Theta$, such that systems in equilibrium are at the same temperature.
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References
This is a derivative work from [1] a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 work
[1] MIT OpenCourseWare, 8.333 Statistical Mechanics I: statistical mechanics of particles, Fall 2007
# Student Projects/Types of nutrition
## Heterotrophic Nutrition

Each organism is adapted to its environment. The form of nutrition differs depending on the type and availability of food material as well as how it is obtained by the organism. For example, whether the food source is stationary or mobile, would allow for differences in how the food is accessed and what is the nutritive apparatus used by a cow and a lion. There is a range of strategies by which the food is taken in and used by the organism. Some organisms break-down the food material outside the body and then absorb it. Examples are fungi like bread moulds, yeast and mushrooms. Others take in whole material and break it down inside their bodies. What can be taken in and broken down depends on the body design and functioning. Some other organisms derive nutrition from plants or animals without killing them. This parasitic nutritive strategy is used by a wide variety of organisms like cuscuta, ticks, lice, leeches and tape-worms.

## Autotrophic Nutrition

Carbon and energy requirements of the autotrophic organism are fulfilled by photosynthesis. It is the process by which autotrophs take in substances from the outside and convert them into stored forms of energy. This material is taken in the form of carbon dioxide and water which is converted into carbohydrates in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll. Carbohydrates are utilised for providing energy to the plant. We will study how this takes place in the next section. The carbohydrates which are not used immediately are stored in the form of starch, which serves as the internal energy reserve to be used as and when required by the plant. A somewhat similar situation is seen in us where some of the energy derived from the food we eat is stored in our body in the form of glycogen.
# Student Projects/Water Cycle

THE WATER CYCLE
Definition
Water cycle is defined as the way that water moves between being water vapour to liquid water and then back to water vapour. An example of water cycle is when water evaporates from oceans and then returns to the land in the form of rain.
The water cycle describes the existence and movement of water on, in and above the earth. Earth's water is always in movement and is always changing states, from liquid to vapour to ice and back again.
Some of the main stages of water cycle. Those are: Evaporation
Condensation
precipitation
Collection
Evaporation
This is the first stage in the water cycle. It is a process when warmth from the sun causes water on the earth to rise into the air and turns into water vapour.
Condensation
Condensation is the second stage in the water cycle. In this stage the water vapour in the air changes into a water droplets. This water droplets come close together and form a cloud's or fog in the sky.
Precipitation
The clouds then pour down as precipitation due to wind or temperature changes. This occurs because the water droplets combine to form a bigger cloud water droplets and when it can't hold anymore water it precipitates in the form of rain, snow or hail.
Collection
This is the last stage in the water cycle. When the water falls from the clouds in the form of rain, snow or hail collects in the oceans, lakes, rivers, etc. Most will soak into the ground and will collect as underground water.
Importance of water cycle
Water is essential to life on earth. All living organisms require water because life is dependent on water. Living beings cannot survive without water. It controls the ecological function of aquatic life and increases the level of dissolved oxygen. The water cycle also involves the exchange of energy, which leads to temperature changes. When water evaporates,it takes up energy from its surroundings and cools the environment. When it condenses, it releases energy and warms the environment. These heat exchanges influence climate.
# Student Projects/Traditional vs contemporary methods of education
### TRADITIONAL VS CONTEMPORARY METHODS OF EDUCATION

TEACHING :
| Traditional way of teaching | Digital way of teaching |
| •In our olden days, the method of teaching involved only the teacher interacting with the students but not between the students. Then the students had lack of interaction in the classroom. | Replacing those archaic system of teaching, the digital way of teaching was born in which classes are held through digital facilities and has more classroom interactions. |
RESOURCE :
| Library | E-book |
| •Once it was the only place where all teaching-learning materials were made available with no or minimal cost. Here people interacted with the hand written text. | •Those hand written texts are now converted into digital e-books. Those libraries are now replaced by digital libraries. |
ASSIGNMENT :
| Written Assignment | Digital Assignment |
| •Written assignments were given as it is the only time when people engage both hand and mind. This is where creativity of words used to take place. | •Those papers are now replaced by digital papers in the form of presentations made with the help of devices such as PC, pen drive, etc. |
# Student Projects/Uses of water

Definition
A colourless, transparent, odourless liquid that forms the seas, lakes, revers and rain. Water is the basis of the fluids of living organism.
Uses of water
There are two types of uses direct and indirect.
Direct uses are...
* Bathing
* Cooking
* Drinking
* Plants
* Animals
* Washing
* Cleaning
* To put out fire
Indirect uses are....
* Processing
* Agriculture
* Industry
* Electricity
# UCNISS/Sport Wiki Academy/Academies/Adelaide
## Adelaide details

Date: TBA. Time: TBA. Location: TBA.. Cost: $0.00

## Facilitators

* Primary: Laura Hale
* Local Wikipedian: (If you're a local Wikipedia interested in helping present, please get in touch with LauraHale!)
# UCNISS/Sport Wiki Academy/Academies/Canberra
## Canberra details

Date: 10 March 2011 Time: 9am to 12 noon Location: University of Canberra.
Cost: $0.00

## Facilitators

* Primary: Laura Hale
* Local Wikipedian: (If you're a local Wikipedia interested in helping present, please get in touch with LauraHale!)
# UCNISS/Sport Wiki Academy/Academies/Melbourne
## Melbourne details

Date: TBA. Time: TBA. Location: TBA.. Cost: $0.00

## Facilitators

* Primary: Laura Hale
* Local Wikipedian: (If you're a local Wikipedia interested in helping present, please get in touch with LauraHale!)
# UCNISS/Sport Social Media Academy/Creating a social media strategy
## Creating a social media strategy

Creating a social media strategy is very important. First, it lets all the stakeholders understand what using social media hopes to accomplish, and who is responsible for implementing a social media strategy. Second, it builds in accountability if something goes wrong. Third, it helps establish benchmarks to measure success.
There are three important steps in creating a social media strategy. They are:
* Define the purpose of using social media, how this aligns with institutional objectives, and who will be in charge of implementing the strategy;
* Identify the group that you will be marketing to on social media; and
* Determine where your market is located online.
# UCNISS/Sport Social Media Academy/Glossary

* Community Manager: The person who manages a community on a mailing list, social network, wiki, etc. The purpose of the community manager is to help grow the community, and to keep the existing community happy and active. This work may be done solely in house on a company's own sites or may involve community management on external sites such as Twitter and Facebook.
* Content Manager: The person who helps create and organize content for a company.
* PPC: Pay Per Click. A type of internet advertising where the cost for an advertisement is based on how many times an advertisement is clicked on.
* Reputation Manager: The person who monitors social media for a brand and then implements a strategy to deal with various types of reputation related issues.
* SEO: Search Engine Optimization. There are generally three types of search engine optimization to be done: Link building, back end improvements, advertising buys. Each type is its own specialty and requires its own unique skill set.
# UCNISS/Sport Social Media Academy/Why use social media
## Why sport programs at universities should use social media

University sport studies programs should use social because:
* Social media can be used to attract undergraduate and graduate students.
* It can make it easier to share with other universities and industry professionals the type of research being done by the department.

## Why state institutes of sport should social media

State institutes of sport should use social media because:
# UCNISS/Sport Wiki Academy

Print this
Wikimedia Australia and UCNISS plans to host a series of half day sport wiki academies in Australia in 2011. This page will contain information about these academies and all instructional materials related these courses. The academies will be free to attend.

## Purpose

The purpose of the Sport Wiki Academy is to engage the Australian and New Zealand sport community in order to encourage them to use wikis to help meet institutional goals, to start thinking about Wikimedia Australia as an organization that can help them, to figure out how to use wikis to help with potential sponsors, to help improve Australian sport related content on Wikipedia, and to reach out to an underserved Australian population that may not have considered wikis as a tool that can help them.

## Attendees

In each city, an attempt will be made to get sport people and organizations of all levels to attend. This includes grassroots clubs like Aussie rules, roller derby, netball and swimming clubs. It also includes leagues like WNBL, W-League, ANZ Championship, NBL, A-League, AFL and NRL clubs. It also includes organizations like State and National branch institutes of sport and universities that have programs in sport studies/management/physiology/history and culture. Beyond this, local sport fans that edit Wikipedia and Commons will be invited. In Melbourne, an attempt will be made to try to set up an academy with the people who run Demons Wiki. University and state institutes of sport may be the primary group targeted as they likely have the best facilities to host half day events.

## Academy content

The focus of the academy will depend on who is involved. In general, the broad general scope will be aimed at teaching three things:
* How to use Wikipedia, Commons, Books and other WMF projects to help promote sport related organisations;
* How to set up a wiki to help an organisation with document management; and
* Discussion on why sport interest groups and organisations should be more engaged in wikis.
The content for these academies will be created and will be made available on either Wikimedia Australia's wiki or on Wikiversity. It will all be licensed using the Creative Commons Attribution and Share Alike license.

## Sport Wiki Academy Instructional Booket

* Why use wikis
* Using Wikimedia Foundation projects
* Creating your own sport wiki
* Mediawiki tricks
* Copyright licenses
* Wikipedians in residence
* Glossary

## Sport Wiki Academy Events

* Canberra: Thursday, 10 March, from 9am to 12 noon. University of Canberra.
* Sydney: TBA. TBA.
* Melbourne: TBA. TBA.
* Brisbane: TBA. TBA.
* Adelaide: TBA. TBA.
* Perth: TBA. TBA.
* Auckland: TBA. TBA.
* Dunedin: 12 April , from 9am until 11am.