OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Futurism/Quiz

Futurism is a lecture from the economics school about a specific economy, a predictable one.
You are free to take this quiz based on futurism at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, in the {{income}} and {{economics resources}} templates. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* A futurism economy can be a functioning economy when those endeavors which are profit-making are adequately balanced by the other endeavors which are not.
# Fuzzy concept

This research resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
Reading: Fuzzy concept (Wikipedia)
# G-adic numbers/Convergence/Exercise

Let $g\in \mathbb {N}$ , $g\geq 2$. A sequence of digits, given by
    $z_{i}\in \{0,1,\ldots ,g-1\}{\text{ for }}i\in \mathbb {Z} ,\,i\leq k,$
(where $k\in \mathbb {N}$) defines a real series
    $\sum _{i=k}^{-\infty }z_{i}g^{i}.$
Prove that such a series converges to a unique non-negative real number.
# Futures studies

Futures studies reflects on how today’s changes (or the lack thereof) become tomorrow’s reality. It includes attempts to analyze the sources, patterns, and causes of change and stability in order to develop foresight and to map alternative futures. The subjects and methods of futures studies include possible, probable and desirable variation or alternative transformations of the present, both social and “natural” (i.e. independent of human impact). A broad field of enquiry, futures studies explores and represents what the present could become from multiple interdisciplinary perspectives.
Futures studies takes as one of its important attributes (epistemological starting points) the on-going effort to analyze images of the future and distinguish possible, probable and preferred (normative) futures. This effort includes collecting quantitative and qualitative data about the possibility, probability and desirability of change toward the emergence of alternative futures. Like historical studies that try to explain what happened in the past and why, the efforts of futures studies try to understand the latent potential of the present. This requires the development of theories of present conditions and how conditions might change. For this task, futures studies, as it is generally undertaken, uses a wide range of theoretical models and practical methods, many of which come from other academic disciplines (including economics, sociology, geography, history, engineering, mathematics, psychology, technology,tourism, physics, biology, astronomy, and theology).
Two factors usually distinguish futures studies from the research conducted by these other disciplines (although all disciplines overlap, to differing degrees):
* futures studies often examines not only probable but also possible and preferable futures
* futures studies typically attempts to gain a holistic or systemic view based on insights from a range of different disciplines.

## Courses/Projects

* Futures Studies
* Lunar Boom Town

### Intended

* FS 102 Literature of Futures Studies
* FS 222 Methodologies in Futures Studies
* FS 333 Psychology in Futures Studies
* FS 334 Sociology in Futures Studies
* FS 339 Systems Science in Futures Studies
* FS 399 Futurism in Business and Marketing
* FS 410 The Future of Media
* FS 411 The Future of Technology
* FS 412 The Future of the Internet
* FS 413 The Future of Politics
* FS 414 The Future of Pedagogy
* FS 415 The Future of Humanity
* FS 416 The Future of Space Exploration
* FS 417 The Future of Energy
* FS 444 Applied Futurism

## Active participants

The histories of Wikiversity pages indicate who the active participants are. If you are an active participant in this school, you can list your name here (this can help small schools grow and the participants communicate better; for large schools it is not needed).
* Geir Høydalsvik
* 9xavier9
* John Smart
* Nguyen Vo Minh Hung

## School news

* December 27, 2006 - School founded!

## Individuals of interest

* Jim Dator
* etoptim
* Tharikrish
* 9xavier9
# Lua/Variables

Lua modules based on the Scribunto/Lua extension are stored in resource pages using the Module: namespace. Each module uses a table to hold functions and variables, and that containing table is returned at the end of the module code. Variables are places that store values This lesson will show you how to add variables to your functions.

## Prerequisites

This lesson assumes you have already completed the Modules lesson.

## Create a Lua Script with a Variable

To create a Lua script with a variable:
* Navigate to Module:Sandbox.
* Clear all existing code.
    It's a sandbox. Everyone is free to play in the sandbox. But if you find another user is actively editing the sandbox at the same time, you may also use Module:Sandbox/Username, where Username is your Wikiversity username.
* Add the following code and save the page:

## Test Your Lua Script

To test your Lua script:
* Navigate to either the Module_talk:Sandbox page, the Wikiversity:Sandbox page, or your own user or sandbox page.
* Add the following code and save the page:
The result should be:
   2

## Understand Your Lua Script

To understand your Lua script:
* local defines the scope of the variable being declared.
    If you are familiar with variable scope, be aware that Lua variables are global by default. Best practice for programmers is to use local variables whenever possible, so variables should be declared with the local keyword in most cases. Using local in this function ensures that the variable's value can only be accessed and modified inside the function.
* variable defines the name of the variable.
    Variable names are flexible, but cannot be a Lua keyword. For example, you could not have a variable named local.
* = 1 assigns the value 1 to variable.
    Variables that are not given an initial value are equal to nil, indicating that they have no value.
* variable = variable + 1 takes the value of variable and adds 1 to it, then stores the result of the calculation back in variable.
    Variables can be used as both the source and destination for expressions (calculations).
* return variable returns the current value of variable as the result of the function.
    Numeric values are implicitly converted to strings when they are returned from the module.
* {{#invoke:Sandbox|variables}} calls the Sandbox module variables function.
Each Lua function can have one or more variables used to contain values for the function.

## Conclusion

Congratulations! You've now created, tested, and understood a Lua script with a variable. Continue on to the Expressions lesson.

## See Also

* Wikipedia: Variable (computer science)
# Lucy Sonnenschein/Weddings/Negation/Exercise

We consider the sentence "Lucy Sonnenschein dances on all weddings“. Negate this sentence, using an existence statement.
# Ludic Science Club

For first iteration pleas see: London 2013
# Introduction to Vladimir Nabokov's Lolita/List of characters

* Humbert Humbert - the main protagonist and the (unreliable) narrator of Lolita. He is an intelligent, well-read European scholar who has an obssession with nymphets and a history of mental disorder. He is able to seduce readers with his poetic and ornamental language and fancy prose style. Even though Humbert emphasises each time that he is a brute and a monster, he goes to any lengths to win reader’s sympathy. Nonetheless, he is a paedophile capable of such misdeeds as rape or murder. Read an in-depth analysis of Humbert [here]
* Dolores Haze (Lolita) - a twelve-year-old American girl raised by her mother Charlotte. She lost her father nad her little brother in her childhood. She is an object of Humbert's love and a victim of his passion. According to him, she is a nymphet: she is seductive, desirable and sexually aware. Nonetheless, she is still a simple young girl loving comic books; she is moody, sometimes vulgar and extremely attached to American popular culture. After her mother's death she is forced to stay with Humbert, who is her only relative and her legal guardian. She manages to escape him only to find out that her savior - Clare Quilty - is another deviant. She tries to rebuilt her life and she marries Dick Schiller. She dies in childbirth.
* Charlotte Haze - Lolita's mum and Humbert's wife. She is a middle-class middle-aged woman who aspires to be cultural and sophisticated. She quickly falls in love with her tenant, Humbert, marries him and remains blind to his deviation. She dies hit by a car.
* Clare Quilty - Humbert's shadow and double. He is a famous playwright and a child pornographer. He follows Humbert and his nymphet during the story and finally kidnaps her. Lolita is in love with him but he abandons her. Read more about Quilty [here].
* Annabel Leigh - Humbert’s childhood love. She is the first nymphet he encountered and he is obsessed with the memory of her.
* Valeria - Humbert's first wife, with whom he lived in Paris; a daughter of a Polish doctor. She left him to marry a Russian taxi driver.
These are only the main characters of the story. To recall more of them, click [here].
# MakerBot/How to Change the Wire of the Makerbot
## Procedure to Change the wire of the Makebot

    1. Choose a Computer that is near the makerbot. near makerbot
    2. Plug in the USB cord to the nearest computer.
    3. Turn the Makerbot on. turn on makerbot
    4. Go to start.
    5. In the search toolbar type "ReplicatorG"
    6. Open ReplicatorG ReplicatorG
    7. Click on the bottom to connect the Replicator to the Makerbot
    8. Click on Machine
    9. Go into Serial Port and Check if ReplicatorG is in "COM6"
    10. Go into Driver and Check that the machine is any of the "Cupcake options"
    11. Open Control Panel
    12. In the "target temperature" type "180" (Wait for the "Current temperature" to reach "180").
    13. Remove the screw from the printing head.remove screw
    14. Raise the printing head so that one can pull out easily the wire.
    15. Pull out the wire.
    16. Put the new wire into the printing head.
    17: Put the screw back.
    18: Go into control panel in the "target temperature" type "0" (Wait for the "Current temperature" to reach "180").
    19 One can safety turn out the Makerbot.
# MakerBot/Filament Changing/Troubleshooting
### Changing the Filament

Setup
    1. Log on to a computer near the MakerBot Cupcake CNC. Logging onto a CL computer near the HCC MakerBot
    2. Open the “Engineering” folder on the desktop. Opening the Engineering folder
    3. Click on the program called, “ReplicatorG.” Opening Replicator G
    4. Plugin the power cord to the MakerBot and an outlet.
    5. Plugin the serial cord to the MakerBot and the computer you are currently working on.
    6. Turn on the MakerBot Cupcake CNC, the power switch is on the bottom left of the back side.
       For more assistance, view this video: Setting Up the MakerBot Cupcake CNC
    7. Using the connect tool in the top Replicator G menu, connect ReplicatorG to the MakerBot. If the connection is not recognized in ReplicatorG you may need to select a different serial port or rescan for other serial ports. This can be done by going to the “Machine” drop down menu on the tool bar in ReplicatorG. Selecting the connect tool Selecting or scanning other serial ports
    8. “Machine HCC Makerbot ready” should appear in green at the top of the ReplicatorG screen. Also, more of the tools at the top of the ReplicatorG screen are available to use.
       If the box is not green, check the devices in the Control Panel for exclamation points. Unplug the Serial cord and plug it back in to check that the device is the MakerBot. If it has an exclamation mark, right click the device and go to properties > hardware > properties > Driver > Update driver > Browse my computer... > Type or Browse... C:Users\your_student_login_ID\desktop\engineering\replicatorg\drivers. If the device is still not working and it still has an exclamation point, reinstall the drivers again using the same process. If it does not work a second time, make sure that you typed the folder containing the drivers correctly by navigating to it through "My Computer" Libraries or the Browse button in the troubleshooting process.Confirming the Replicator G - MakerBot connection is complete
    9. Click on the control panel tool in the ReplicatorG tool bar. Opening the Control Panel Window
    10. In the “Control Panel” window, set the “Target Temperature (C)” to 180.0 and the "Platform Target Temperature (C)" to 110.0. This heats the wire to its appropriate melting temperature and heats the platform to cause the filament to stick to it better. This could take a few minutes.
    11. Now wait for the motor’s current temperature to reach the target temperature. Recognizing that the current temperature has reached the target temperature
    12. Loosen the Thumbscrew. The screw is located on the right side of the motor. Locating the screw
    13. Pull out the filament wire and slide the new material into the MakerBot Cupcake CNC motor. The motor is located in the center of the top side of the MakerBot. Placing the black wire
    14. Tighten the Thumbscrew.
# MakerBot/How to format SD card for MakerBot

Solution found which works if you have the original Makerbot SD card. I used WIN32 Disk Imager to make an image of my original card then wrote that image to a new 16gb card I had. Done it three times now without any issues at all.
Follow the following steps to format the SD card for the makerbot:
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Caution Page Under Construction
The Makerbot only supports FAT system so the memory card had to be formatted to FAT system first. FAT only supports 2 GB memory, so the rest of the memory of the card had to be wasted. First it was tried to format it using the windows by just right clicking the drive, but there were only three options given; NTFS, FAT32 and exFAT. So, to format the SD card to FAT, a software had to be used. MiniTool Partition Wizard was the software first used to format the SD card. It can be downloaded from here.
Several tries were made to format the SD card and it was checked on the makerbot but it did not work. Another way was then tried which was using the cmd.exe. For this go to run and type in cmd.exe. Type in "fromat G: /?" (where G is the name of the drive you want to format). It then gives you some options which are shown in the photo.
After it gives the options, type in "format G: /FS:FAT" and it will start formatting.
This formatting did not work either. It was found that only 2 GB or less could be formatted to FAT system.
Solution found which works if you have the original Makerbot SD card. I used WIN32 Disk Imager to make an image of my original card then wrote that image to a new 16gb card I had. Done it three times now without any issues at all.
# MakerBot/Cleaning up cloud point mesh in mesh lab for 3D printing
### Purpose

Cleaning up a cloud point mesh of an object in meshlab so that it can be printed using a 3D printer.
    1. Open the obj file in mash lab which was taken from the kinect. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File%3AMesh1.png SelectPoints
    2. Zoom in and select points you want to keep by deleting unwanted points. Make a selection around the points you want to keep and then go to filter > render and click on invert selection then press ctrl and delete. This will delete unwanted points from the mesh.
    3.Get normals using Render > show vertex Normals ( this will create normals which pointing backwards) they need to be recomputed so that the normals are facing forward.
    4. Recompute normals using filter > pointset> compute Normals for point sets, change number to 16 for the number of neighbors and also check the box for FlipNormals. Change the camera to -1000 so that the sampling program knows that the cloud point data was taken from a large distance, this would give it a better idea where the normals should go.
    5. Turn on layers, top menu bar.
    6. Now create a subset of the point cloud, got filters>sampling> poisson-disk sampling, change the number of sampes to 5000 and check the box for base mesh sub-sampling. This will create an even sampling distribution of the cloud points, and will give a general surface to work with.
    7. Now go to filters > point set > surface reconstruction: Poisson, set parameters, 12 for octree depth and 7 for solver divide, these numbers can be changed depending on the scale of the original cloud point mesh. Make the numbers bigger if the cloud point is big.
    8. Turn on light, this can found at the top within the tool bar and also turn on smoothing which is next to the light button.
    9. Now approximate some of the cloud points to add more detail. Do add more points go to filter > re- meshing-simplification and reconstruction > use sub-division algorithm called LS3 loop. This algorithm will add more detail to the cloud point mesh.Sub-sample it three time, --> iterations = 3(this will sample it 3 times, can be done more times, just change the iteration to a high number.)adding more detail
    10. Step 9 should give the final version of the mesh which can be printed using a 3d printer.final image
# MakerBot/How To: Find Or Create A Printable STL File
### Downloading an STL file from www.thingiverse.com

    1. Load Google Chrome or Mozilla Firefox.
    2. Go to www.thingiverse.com
    3. Search something to print using the search bar in the upper right-hand corner. Searching an object on Thingiverse
    4. In the search results list, click on the link that pertains to the object you wish to print. Do not click on a link that is the image of something.
    5. On the object’s page, confirm this is what you want to print by referring to the images on the left.
    6. Near the bottom of the page find an STL file to download. NOTE: There may not be any file to download if the STL file for that object has not yet been developed.
    7. Click the red download arrow adjacent to the STL file you want to print. Downloading the STL file from Thingiverse
    8. Refer back to the desktop to confirm the file was downloaded.
    9. If the STL file is present, you have successfully downloaded the file, and are ready to print.

### Download the part from http://www.tracepartsonline.net/

Have to create an account, can make a preference that want STL files ... then just download ... has all sorts of electrical and mechanical parts.

### Downloading an STL file from http://www.3dvia.com

    1. Open Google Chrome or Mozilla Fire Fox.
    2. Go to http://www.3dvia.com
    3. Create an account.
    4. In the upper right hand corner search for some thing in the search toolbox.
    5. In the search results list, click on the link that you like the most.
    6. Below the image a link to download will appear.
    7. Download the STL file. NOTE: There may not be any file to download if the STL file for that object has not yet been developed.
    8. Refer back to the desktop to confirm the file was downloaded.
    9. If the STL file is present, you have successfully downloaded the file, and are ready to print.

### 3D Warehouse http://sketchup.google.com/3dwarehouse/

Have to convert from sketchup file format to STL. Some items convert, others don't. Is a difference between mesh (STL) and frame file formats.
MeshLab is oriented to the management and processing of unstructured large meshes and provides a set of tools for editing, cleaning, healing, inspecting, rendering and converting these kinds of meshes (STL files).
# MakerBot/How to print STL files with letters or Numbers in it
### Print STL Files with letters

    1. In ReplicatorG, go to the File drop down menu in the toolbar, select “Open.”
    2. In the “Open” window, go to “Desktop” and open the STL file you want to print.
    3. The picture of the file should appear on ReplicatorG. To view the model of the object, use the “View”, “Move”, and “Rotate” commands located on the right side of the ReplicatorG window.
    4 Go to mirror and Click on the "reflection over the x axis"
    5. Click “Generate GCode.”
    6. We made changes to the model so, a "Save model?" window will appear. Click yes.
    7. In the GCode Generator window, select SF35-cupcake-HBP as a Skeinforge profile. Selecting Skeinforge Profile
    8. Select “Use raft” check box if you want to create a raft. Checking the raft box
    9. Click Generate GCode at the bottom of the GCode Generator window. Generating GCode for the model
    10. Click on the gcode tab. In the ##th line that reads: M04 temp 220 (temperature 220) change the first number (220) to (180).
# MakerBot/How to Download 3D programs to build STL files
### How to download Auto CAD

    1. Open Google Chrome or Mozilla Fire Fox.
    2. Go to http://usa.autodesk.com
    3. In the upper right hand corner in the search bar type "download autocad 2011"
    4. Click on the first link
    5. Close all open applications
    5. Fill out the information and click download.
    6. Click Save File; when file is saved, click the .exe icon in the dialog box. and select Install

### How to Download Blender

    1. Open Google Chrome or Mozilla Fire Fox.
    2. Go to blender http://www.blender.org/
    3. In the second tab click on download
    4. Download the one that fits your machine
    5. Click on save file, when the file is saved, click the .exe icon in the dialog box. and select Install

### How to Download Google Sketch Up

    1. Open Google Chrome or Mozilla Fire Fox.
    2. Go to http://sketchup.google.com/
    3. Click on "Downloading Google SketchUp"
    4. Click on "Downloading Google SketchUp" again
    5. Select the options the matches with your computer
    6. Agree to the terms and conditions.]]
    7. Click on save file, when the file is saved, click the .exe icon in the dialog box. and select Install
# MakerBot/How to download 123D
### Purpose

The purpose of this tutorials is show all the steps required to successfully download 123D software

### Steps

    1) Go to http://www.123dapp.com/
    2) Click on the link that says 123d
    3) On the next page there is download button "Download 123D" Click on it to go to the next pageStep 2 123D
    4) A new window would appear with download details and instructions, read through the instructions to make sure that your computer meets the requirnments to run the 123D application
System Requirements:
    A) Windows 7 (32-bit or 64-bit), Windows Vista® (32-bit or 64-bit), Windows® XP Professional or Home Edition (SP3), or Windows XP Professional x64 Edition (SP2), Windows Server 2008
    B) Intel® Pentium® 4 or AMD Athlon® 64 or later with 2 GHz or faster processor; or compatible
    C) 1+ GB RAM (512 MB minimum)
    D) 1.5+ GB free disk space (for installation)
    E) Direct3D® 9 or 10 graphics support with 64+ MB
    F) Internet connection
    5) On this page options for operating systems is given, one is for 32bit OS and the other is for the 62 bit OS. Choose the one which is appropriate and begin to download.Operating_systems_options
    6) Next, it would ask for the account information, if you dont have an account, you have to make one. just provide with a vaild email address and create a password. Account_info
    7) After creating an account and successfully loging in, it would ask you to accept terms of service,check the "I Agree" check box and click on the continue botton.
    8) Now you can download the 123D software,save it on the computer, desktop would be a nice place to save it since it is easier to find. The downloading process may take several minutes depeding on the internet connection.
    9)Double click on 123d file to install the software package.123d_exeFile