OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# EuroLex/E/Tramp

tramp
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: n. 1 'an itinerant vagrant or beggar', 6 'an ocean tramp, a merchant ship, esp. a steamer, running on no regular line or route'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | tramp | mid20c | 1, status: restricted use: technical; | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | tramp [= English] | 1940s | 1, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; 6, status: restricted use: technical; | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | tramppi | beg20c | 6, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; | dito | ... |
| French | tramp [tramp] | 20c | 6, status: restricted use: technical; | dito | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | tramp [tremp] | 1940s/beg20c | 1940s: 1, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; beg20c: 6, status: restricted use: technical; | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | tramp [tremp] | 20c | 1, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | tramp [trεmp] | mid20c | 6, status: restricted use: technical; | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | tramp [= English/tramp] | mid20c | 1, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; 6, status: restricted use: technical; | dito | ... |
| Polish | tramp [tramp] | mid20c | 1, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; 6, status: restricted use: technical; | dito | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | tramp [tramp] | 1980s | 6, status: restricted use: technical, rare; | dito | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Trade mark

trade mark
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: n. 1 'a device, word, or words, secured by legal registration or established by use as representing a company, product, etc.', 2 'a distinctive characteristic etc., a typical feature, a hallmark'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | trade mark [trejdmark] | beg20c | 1, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | trade mark = handelsmerk [= English] | beg20c | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | < kauppamerkki (trsl.) | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | (nom de) marque (rend.) | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | trademark < 1: Warenzeichen | end19c/1980s | end19c: 1, status: restricted use: technical, obsolete; 1980s: 2, status: restricted use: journalese; | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | trade mark < védjegy [tre:dma:rk] | end19c | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: archaic | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | trade mark < marchio di fabricca (rend.) [trεdmark/treid mark] | end19c | 1, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | < varemerke | ... | the same as in English, see above, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English | dito | ... |
| Polish | trade mark | uninfluenced, beg20c | 1, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | trade mark < marca comercial (trsl.); marca registrada (rend.) | end20c | 1, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English > restricted use: technical; | dito | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Tram

tram
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: n. 1 'an electrically powered passenger vehicle running on rails laid in a public road'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | tram [tram] | beg20c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | tram/trem [= English] | mid19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | tram/tramway | end19c | the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English | dito | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | tram < Straßenbahn [tram] | mid19c | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: regional/obsolete; | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | tram < villamos [tram] | 19c | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: rare; | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | tram [tram] | mid19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Tramway

tramway
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: n. 1b 'a tramcar system', +1c 'a tramcar'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | tramwaj | beg20c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | tramway [tramwε] | end19c | the same as in English, see above, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English | dito | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | tramway < Straßenbahn [tramve:] | mid19c | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: regional/obsolete; | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | tramway < tram, villamos [tramve:] | 19c | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: rare; | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | tramvai/tranvai/tranvia < tram [tramvai/tramvia] | mid19c | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: obsolete | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | < trikk | ... | the same as in English, see above, status: word is known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English | '...' | ... |
| Polish | tramwaj [tramvai] | beg20c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | tramway/tranvia | mid19c/end19c, via French | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: journalese, archaic / status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Train

train
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: v. 2 (trans., intrans.) 'teach / undergo physical exercise'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | trenirati | beg19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | trainen [tre:inə(n)] | 19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | treenata | beg19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (colloquial) | dito | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | trainieren [tre:ni:rən] | 19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | tréningez; treniroz [tre:ningez; treni:roz] | 19c, via German | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | trene [tre:ne] | 19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Polish | trenowa´c [trenovatç] | mid19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | < entrenar | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Tourist

tourist
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: n. 1 'a person making a visit or a tour as a holiday; a traveller, esp. abroad'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | turist [turist] | beg19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | toerist [tu:rist] | end19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | turisti | 20c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| French | touriste [turist] | beg19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | tourist [tu:rist] | 19c, via French | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | turista [tu:ri∫ta] | 19c, via German | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | turista [turista] | beg19c, via French | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | turist [tu:rist] | end19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | status: word comes from other source than English: French | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | turista [turista] | end19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Tracer

tracer
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: n. 3 'an artificially produced radioactive isotope capable of being followed through the body by the radiation it produces'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | tracer [trejser] | mid20c | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | tracer [tre:sər] | 1950s | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | < traceur (trsl.) | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | tracer [tre:sa] | 1980s | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | tracer [= English] | 1960s | the same as in English, see above, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | < trazador | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# Literature/2011/Kopp

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Wikimedia

* w: Teach For America (1990)
* w: Michelle Rhee
* w: New Teacher Project (1997)
* w: Teach First (2002)
* w: Teach For Us (2006)
* w: Teach For All (2007)
* w: Peace Corps
* w: Educators of Change
* w: Alternative teacher certification
# Literature/2011/Steen

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Excerpts

* Knowledge management has recently hit on the metaphorical underpinnings of knowledge, as is attested by this special issue, but this discovery is in fact just another instantiation of the general cognitive-scientific interest in the metaphorical structure of many abstract concepts in a wide range of socio-cultural domains, including management and organization, education and science, politics and government and health and care (Ortony, 1979/1993; Gibbs, 2008). This general attention to metaphor in thought is partly due to the cognitive-linguistic postulation of conventional metaphorical structures in all cognition by Lakoff and Johnson (1980) ....

## Wikimedia

| w: Metaphor w: Conceptual metaphor | w: Knowledge management w: Knowledge representation |

## Chronology

* Lakoff, George & Mark Johnson (1980). Metaphors We Live By. University of Chicago Press. $^{[^]}$
* Ortony, Andrew, ed. (1979). Metaphor and Thought, Cambridge University Press. 2nd. ed. 1993. $^{[^]}$
* Werner Abraham (1975). A Linguistic Approach to Metaphor. Lisse, Netherlands: Peter de Ridder Press. $^{[^]}$
* Ricoeur, Paul (1975). The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies in the Creation of Meaning in Language. Robert Czerny, Kathleen McLaughlin & John Costello, trans., London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1978. $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1962/Black $^{[^]}$
* Black, Max (1954). "Metaphor." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, 55, pp. 273-294. $^{[^]}$
* Richards, I. A. (1936). The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press. $^{[^]}$
* Ogden, C. K. & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. $^{[^]}$
# Literature/2011/Markoff

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Excerpts

* The effort is a departure from the traditional way the Internet works. As designed by military and academic experts in the 1960s, the Internet has been based on interconnected computers that send and receive packets of data, paying little heed to the content and making few distinctions among the various types of senders and receivers of information.

## Wikimedia
### w: Open Networking Foundation

| w: Cloud computing w: Openflow Switching Protocol | w: Global Environment for Network Innovations |

## Chronology

* Markoff, John (2011). "Open Networking Foundation Pursues New Standards." New York Times, March 22, 2011. $^{[^]}$
* Open Networking Foundation Formed to Speed Network Innovation.
* Literature/1990/Berners-Lee $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1969/Cerf $^{[^]}$
# Literature/2013/Wolf

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Original German

    Hubert Wolf (2013). Die Nonnen von Sant’Ambrogio: Einer Wahre Geschichte. Beck, München.

## Reviews

* Greg's Reviews

## Translations

* /Korean

## Wikimedia

| w: Hubert Wolf | w: Sant'Ambrogio della Massima |

## Chronology

* Literature// $^{[^]}$
# Literature/2015/Cohen

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Excerpts

* "Philosophers of science have long recognised that the apparent solidity of expertise is an illusion- and that scientific knowledge is much more of a perpetually shifting mosaic of opinions than a steadily pieced together jigsaw of 'facts'."

### Inside Flap

* In this witty but profound 21st-century update on the issues, Martin Cohen offers vital clues for understanding not only the way knowledge develops, but also into the dangers of accepting too readily or too uncritically the claims of experts of all kinds -- even philosophical ones! The claims are invariably presented as objective fact, yet are rooted in human subjectivity.

### Back Cover

* "Cohen's book is so engrossing because it challenges us to take an active part in questioning, or enforcing, current paradigms" --Perig Gouanvic, philosophical-investigations.org

## Reviews

* Amazon

## Wikimedia

| w: Paradigm shift | w: Paradigm Shift: How Expert Opinions Keep Changing on Life, the Universe, and Everything |

## Chronology

* Feyerabend, Paul (1975). Against Method: Outline of an Anarchist Theory of Knowledge. New Left Books. $^{[^]}$
* Kuhn, Thomas (1962), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. University of Chicago Press. $^{[^]}$
# Literature/2011

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Subpages

* Barbour, Karen (2011). Dancing Across the Page: Narrative and Embodied Ways of Knowing. Intellect Books, 2011. $^{[^]}$
* Corballis, Michael C. (2011). The Recursive Mind: The Origins of Human Language, Thought, and Civilization. Princeton University Press. $^{[^]}$
* Grudin, Jonathan (2011). "Human-Computer Interaction," in: Cronin, B., ed. (2011), Annual Review of Information Science and Technology 45: 369-430. $^{[^]}$
* Kopp, Wendy (2011). A Chance to Make History: What Works and What Doesn't in Providing an Excellent Education for All. PublicAffairs. $^{[^]}$
* Markoff, John (2011). "Open Networking Foundation Pursues New Standards." New York Times, March 22, 2011. $^{[^]}$
* Gerard Steen (2011). "The language of knowledge management: a linguistic approach to metaphor analysis". Systems Research and Behavioral Science. FindArticles.com. 16 Jun, 2011. $^{[^]}$
# Literature/2011/Barbour

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Wikimedia

| w: Phenomenology w: Postmodernism w: Feminism | w: Reflective practice w: Education w: Embodied cognition |

## Chronology

* Barbour, Karen (2011). Dancing Across the Page: Narrative and Embodied Ways of Knowing. Intellect Books, 2011. $^{[^]}$
* Slaughter, Richard A., ed. (1996). New Thinking for a New Millennium (Futures and Education Series). Routledge, 1996. $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1989/Collins $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1983/Schoen $^{[^]}$
* Argyris, Chris and Schön, Donald (1978). Organizational Learning: A Theory of Action Perspective. New York: Addison-Wesley, 1978. ISBN 0-201-00174-8 $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1976/Brameld $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1976/Conrad $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1976/Kauffman $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1975/Kolb $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1975/Rubin $^{[^]}$