# Man vs. Wild
### Australopithecus Afarensis
#### Time Period & Location

* 3.9 - 3.0 years ago
* Primarily found in East Africa

#### Fossil Discoveries

* 1974: Donald Johanson in 1974 in Ethiopia (found 40% of her)
* 1995: Scientists find fossils in Chad

#### Appearance

* Short: 4 feet tall
* Jutting jaw, prominent brow bones, flared cheekbones
* Brain larger than an ape but smaller than a human
* Long arms and humanlike legs

#### Capabilities and skills

* Bipedal
* Lived in small social groups
* No tools/spoken language
* Ate easily, chewed fruits.

### Homo habilis
#### Time Period & Location

* 2.5 - 1.5 years ago
* Found in Africa (Olduvai Gorge, Tanzania)

#### Fossil Discoveries

* 1931: Louis Leaky found stone tools at Olduvai Gorge (as the Homo habilis are the first hominid to use stone/bone tools!)
* 1959 and later on: The same scientists find more bones

#### Appearance

* Face like earlier hominid
* Larger brain, smaller back teeth
* Apelike arms
* Around 5 feet tall and 5 pounds.

#### Capabilities and skills

* Made stone and bone tools to cut & chop meat, bone, wood, & grass
* Scavengers for meat
* Ate bone marrow, fruits, collected plants
* Lived in social groups; no known complex language

### Homo erectus
#### Time Period & Location

* 1.8 - 200,000 years ago
* Asia, Africa, and possibly Europe

#### Fossil Discoveries

* 1890s - Eugene Dubois discovered bones in Java
* 1920s - Fossils discovered in Peking, China
* 1980s - Remains found in Kenya

#### Appearance

* Large brain
* Smooth, round forehead
* Single brown ridge
* Protruding jaw
* Larger back teeth
* No chin
* Tall and thin
* Fully upright stance

#### Capabilities and skills

* Controlled fire
* Lived in huts made of branches
* Variety of foods
* Possibly spoken language
* Made flint hand axes

### Homo Sapiens Neanderthalensis
#### Time Period & Location

* 400,000 - 30,000 years ago
* Europe, Western Asia, Near East

#### Fossil Discoveries

* 1856: Partial skeleton found in Neander Valley, Germany
* 1880s: Skeletons and tools found
* 1908 - 1911: Skeletons found in France

#### Appearance

* Large brain
* Bulge at back of skull
* Bong brows
* Jutting face
* Heavy jaw
* Receding
* Stocky and short limbed
* Thick, heavy bones
* Powerful muscles

#### Capabilities and skills

* Flint made into knives, points, blades, & scrapers.
* Hunt large animals in groups
* Cared for old, sick, wounded
* Possible ritual barials
* Lived in tepees
* Stored food
* Possessed simple language

### Homo Sapiens Sapiens
#### Time Period and Location

* 100,000 to now!
* All over the world

#### Fossil Discoveries

* 1860s- Human burials discovered in France
* Fossil bones called Cro-Magnon
* Other fossils found throughout the world

#### Appearances

* Large brains
* High, rounded skull
* Small teeth
* Steep forehead
* Receded brow ridge
* Prominent chin
* Relatively slender bones

#### Capabilities and skills

* Made tools
* Live in social groups
* Semi-permanent structures that are taken as habitats
* Art cravings (Lascaux, France)
* Advance language.

## Subpages

* Man vs. Wild
** Man vs. Wild/Vocab
* Man vs. Wild/Paleolithic vs. Neolithic
** Man vs. Wild/Paleolithic vs. Neolithic/Let's Be Civilized!