OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Nuclear power greener/A Critique of The role of nuclear energy in 21st century for sustainable development in Korea

(Review Paper) Cited in Nuclear power greener/A Critique of The role of nuclear energy in 21st century for sustainable development in Korea

### Points Made

Nuclear power can deliver large amounts of energy that can keep up with the increasing` economic development and population growth while being sustainable, environmental friendly and without producing GHG emissions..
    It takes 10,000 years for radioactive waste to dissolve... How is this sustainable? Lbora286 (talk) 03:15, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

### Methods

In comparison to other developed countries Korea has a very high demand for energy because of the rapid industrialization occurring. Currently, Korea has to depend on other countries by purchasing their fossil fuel energy from them and having the energy transported in. The fossil fuel energy produces large amounts of CO2 which is contributing to GHG emissions.

### Results

In an attempt to lower its reliance on carbon-based energy resources and therefore its reliance on other countries, Korea plans on using nuclear-based power to produce 50% of its electricity by 2015. By cutting down on its reliance on carbon-based energy production, Korea is not only becoming more independent, but they are also cutting down on the harmful environmental impacts of fossil fuels, such as Greenhouse Gases. This will also have major economical benefits for Korea.
    Sure nuclear power has less environmental and economical benefits, but what about the health of the people that live around the power plants? The state of the economy will mean nothing when all the people are suffering from cancer and other health problems. :Bmina836 (talk) 02:56, 7 March 2012 (UTC)
    The death rate from nuclear power versus coal shows us that more people die from coal related power than nuclear. Based on many studies scientists have come to the rational for every person that dies from nuclear power 4,000 die from coal. The death toll on coal is enhanced with the consideration of climate change and destruction of the Ozone which in turn increase the number of disease and cancers to our society.Sambo1428 (talk) 03:19, 7 March 2012 (UTC)
    I agree that proliferating nuclear reactors is a necessary step in the reduction of greenhouse emissions as well as a viable step to meet the growing energy needs of the worlds populations. We cannot rely on foreign countries for a majority of our manufacturing needs while expecting them to use out dated technologies which creates more pollution than is necessary. Pollution is not stationary and when piped up into the jet stream, pollution from other nations may have a greater effect on North America than the nations that produced it.Cgree973 (talk) 03:39, 7 March 2012 (UTC)
# Nuclear power greener/A critique of Cancer Rates after the Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident and Proximity of Residence to the Plant

(Review Paper) Cited in Nuclear power greener/A critique of Cancer Rates after the Three Mile Island Nuclear Accident and Proximity of Residence to the Plant

### Increase in cancer post Three Mile Island disaster

Residents living near the Three Mile Island nuclear plant were examined to see if the increase in cancer rates was as a result of the nuclear power disaster. This took place after the disaster, in 1979, where the nuclear plant overheated resulting in a nuclear meltdown.

### Methods

Residents within a 10 - mile radius of the Three Mile Island were studied to see the effects from the nuclear plant. Study tracts ranging anywhere from 500 - 9,500 people were studied to see if there was an increase in cancer rates among the population. The study was over an eleven year period and focused on four categories of cancer; leukemias, lymphomas, honnonally dependency, and a group labelled all cancers

### Results

The study showed a distinct correlation between cancer rates and residency near the nuclear plant. There was an increase in cancer to those who lived near the Three Mile Island nuclear plant after the nuclear meltdown. The increase in cancer rates were found both among males and females and there was an overall increased diagnosis of tumors for those living within close proximity of the power plant.
# Nuclear power greener/A Critique of Nuclear power the problems

(Review Paper) Cited in Nuclear power greener/A Critique of Nuclear power the problems

### Nuclear Power Would Not Stop Climate Change

An analysis of the possible repercussions concerning the government's decision to build a new plant is outlined. The areas discussed are: climate change, energy, security, radioactive waste, terrorism, safety, reprocessing and nuclear proliferation and costs of building the plant.
New nuclear power stations would not stop climate change. With only 10 proposed reactors by 2024, there would only be a 4% decrease in carbon emissions which as this article states, far too little, far too late.
If we were to build ten new reactors the amount of highly radioactive waste would triple. There is still no safe disposal method for radioactive waste, which can remain dangerous for up to a million years, and improper disposal can lead to contaminated water supplies.

### Methods

There has been a strong financial analysis of the growth of the nuclear power industry. The analysis includes the amount of money that was used to create the nuclear power plant infrastructure and the amount of time spent on building it. They also investigated the disposal method of the nuclear power plants waste and the negative effects on the environment where greater then other forms of energy. This was then bench marked on the amount of renewable resources that cannot be developed due to the investment in nuclear power. .

### Results

This article discusses that building nuclear plants can have negative results on the environment. Not only will it costly (upwards of 200 billion Euro’s), it also increases the changes of terrorist attacks, it is dangerous to dispose of, and the effects of climate change are very insignificant. In addition, the proposed new infrastructure of 10 new reactors is not only costly, but it also takes a long time to complete therefore rendering the development inefficient. The energy supply that the nuclear reactor produces does not assist with the growing need for hot water and central heating. Nuclear power only produces electricity which limits the use of the product. .
# Nuclear power greener/A Critique of Recent Advances in Nuclear Power: A Review

(Review Paper) Cited in Nuclear power greener/A Critique of Recent Advances in Nuclear Power: A Review

### Points Made

Nuclear power is currently economically viable which is why it has grown to meet greater than 20% of the worlds electricity needs.
The level of CO$_2$ emissions generated through the use of nuclear power are significantly lower (two orders of magnitude) than the amount generated through the use of fossil fuels.
China alone has a huge demand for power and by the year 2050 it is estimated that they would require the equivalent of 3360 million tons of oil to meet their demands. This illustrates the need for nuclear power to offset the tremendous CO$_2$ emissions that would be generated.
Currently there is three common ways to contain immediate waste:
As well there are several long term solutions:
There is a very small amount of waste that is generated when compared with the amount of energy that is created.
Currently, the United States Department of Energy's Advanced Fuel Cycle Initiative is developing new ways of disposal through separation technologies. This is basically an attempt to more efficiently remove large amounts of spent fuel and heat generating elements.
    Economically viable is not synonymous with greener technology or being environmentally friendly. What is economically viable has historically been extremely detrimental to the environment. It is often ignored that humans are part of the global environment, as we usually view ourselves simply as manipulators of the environment. While nuclear power may not create as much CO2 waste, it does create a different type of waste- nuclear waste. This could be especially harmful as we have not had long to study the long term effects of this type of waste on humans and the environment. Much like other technologies that were adopted too quickly, such as refrigerators cooled with chlorofluorocarbons, we do not know what will happen with our nuclear waste in 100 years.
    Alaxative (talk) 03:19, 7 March 2012 (UTC)

### Methods

This article is a review that was created by Mazen M. Abu-Khader in which he interprets the results of many academic papers and consolidates the information regarding nuclear power into several categories. He examines the factors of nuclear economics, nuclear safety, reactor designs, waste management, and spent fuel processing.

### Results

New technological advances in the reduction and management of nuclear waste are promising as there are storage, disposal and conversion strategies in place that turn nuclear waste into a non-toxic product, and there are a variety of relatively non harmful long-term disposal options available for the remainder of nuclear waste. Due to the anticipated necessity of energy in the not so distant future, nuclear power is a practical option in regards to safety and the environment when taking CO2 emissions into consideration.
    The new way of storing the nuclear waste is very important and it should continue to be stored very well so that it could never be able to harm a human body.Bomor394 (talk) 02:41, 11 April 2012 (UTC)
# Nuclear power greener/A Critique of Nuclear Power in the Fuel and Energy Complex of Ukraine

(Review Paper) Cited in Nuclear power greener/A Critique of Nuclear Power in the Fuel and Energy Complex of Ukraine

### Points Made

This article studies the condition and outlooks of Ukrainian nuclear-power energy 25 years after the accident on the Chernobyl NPS and the recent accidents at Fukushima nuclear plant.

### Methods

Research is being conducted on the following areas: •Prospective deep burial place for wastes •Metallic corps—the critical element of a nuclear reactor which determines term of exploitation and expiration dates. Experimental research is performed by developed countries to estimate the state of the metallic corps and predict terms of exploitation •Main ways of nuclear power developments are analyzed •Issues related to Nuclear Fuel Exhaust (NFE) are analyzed •Problems dealing with radioactive waste

### Results

•Experimental research proved that the exploitation term of the metallic corps can be prolonged from 10 to 20 years. Ukraine would benefit if its corps of reactors had the same characteristic to allow for the prolongation of exploitation.
•Some of the main ways that Ukraine should implement for its nuclear power developments were identified to be the following
•In order for Chernobyl NPS to improve its growth and success in the future implementation of the steps to improve usage time and plant development is needed.
# Nuclear power greener/A critique of:Nuclear energy: Good or bad?

(Review Paper) Cited in Nuclear power greener/A critique of:Nuclear energy: Good or bad?

### Points Made

Compared to other major existing energy sources such as coal and oil, nuclear power emits almost no greenhouse gases or nitrogen oxide and sulfur dioxide, which are the primary components of air pollution
# Nuclear power greener/A Crituiqe of"Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors An old idea in nuclear power gets reexamined".

(Review Paper) Cited in Nuclear power greener/A Crituiqe of"Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors An old idea in nuclear power gets reexamined".
# Nuclear power greener/A critique of Leukaemia in young children living in the vicinity of German nuclear power plants

(Review Paper) Cited in Nuclear power greener/A critique of Leukaemia in young children living in the vicinity of German nuclear power plants

### Points Made

Based off of two previous studies, the first conducted from 1980-1990 on children under 15 living within a 15km radius of German nuclear power plants and the second from 1991-1995 on children under 5 within a 5km radius of the North German nuclear power plant of Krümmel. This study compiled data based on children under 5 diagnosed between 1980 and 2003 and registered under the German childhood cancer registry (GCCR) living within a 5 km radius of nuclear power plants. When compared to a random control group, the children living within close proximity to the plants were found to have higher rates of leukemia.

### Methods

The most recent study was conducted as a case-control study on children registered with the German Childhood Cancer Registry (GCCR) under 5 years of age, living within 5 km of 16 independent power plants. The exact distance between the child’s residence and nuclear power plant was used (where the address was unavailable, the distance to the nearest street was used in its place), and covered 41 counties of up to 80 km. The control group subjects were selected based on records from corresponding registrar’s offices with the same age, sex, and year of diagnosis as the case subjects. Eliminating all cases of leukemia that could be a result of other factors such as genetics, the subjects in the study were asked whether or not they had leukemia. This was used to determine whether there was a relationship between diagnosis of leukemia and proximity to the nuclear power plant.

### Results

When comparing the 593 case study participants with leukemia with the 1766 control participants, it was found that there is a statistically significant increase in leukemia cases in children under the age of five who lived within five kilometers of the nuclear power plants. There was also a statistically significant increase between the five kilometer area around the power plants and the ten kilometer range. The ten kilometer condition had double the leukemia cases than the five kilometer condition. The results remained consistent when isolating each of the 16 nuclear power plants used in the study. This shows that leukemia rates are not due to any one nuclear power plant, but is a phenomena that is found in all of the nuclear power plants tested. Similar results were also found in the two previous studies that the present study was based of off, but the present study was able to achieve statistical significance while the previous two studies were only able to achieve statistical significance in some aspect while finding only a moderate relationship in other areas.
# Nuclear power greener/A Critique of Impact of the tihange nuclear power plant on the periphyton and the phytoplankton of the Meuse River

(Review Paper) Cited in Nuclear power greener/A Critique of Impact of the tihange nuclear power plant on the periphyton and the phytoplankton of the Meuse River

### Nuclear Power Plants Will Affect Hydrobiolgies

Biology communities of phytoplankton and periphyton saw a change in biomass from the thermal emmissions from a collaboration of nuclear power plants that were upstream from the communities that were tested. Because of the thermal emmissions from the nuclear power plants, the temperature of the water increased 4.2°C as well as a loss of 15% of dissolved oxygen. Nuclear Power Plants Affect Biomass of Hydrobiologies

### Methods

Approximately every two weeks, samples of phytoplankton and periphyton were taken at four different sites on the Meuse River in Belgium for approximately six years, starting in 1975. The samples were taken 50 cm below the water surface to get an accurate and consistent reading of the phytoplankton.
From the glass slides that were used in taking samples from the Meuse River, as well as the use of the Lorenzen equations, scientists were able to calculate the chlorophyll and phaeophytin concentrations which saw an increase in biomass for the periphyton and an increase and decrease in biomass for the phytoplankton

### Results

The first of the results is based on phytoplankton, which is subjugated by diatoms and green algae. Phytoplankton expansion depends on the control of the flow of the river. Higher the river flow the less concentrated the pollutants therefore more of phytoplankton survives. Biomass reductions mostly occurred during low flow periods which are in turn around the warmest months July to September. The reduction that was observed in the summer months could be directly related to mircopolluants such examples would be heavy metals and organic pollutants. The toxic effects would be increased by the temperature increasing.
The second portion of the results discussed periphyton. From their research there was no impact of the nuclear power plant station on the organism, There was no marked changes in the periphyton community downstream of the station.
# Nuclear power greener/A Critique of Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors

(Review Paper) Cited in Nuclear power greener/A Critique of Liquid Fluoride Thorium Reactors

### Points Made

This article studies the condition and outlooks of Ukrainian nuclear-power energy 25 years after the accident on the Chernobyl NPS and the recent accidents at Fukushima nuclear plant.

### Methods

Research is being conducted on the following areas: •Prospective deep burial place for wastes •Metallic corps—the critical element of a nuclear reactor which determines term of exploitation and expiration dates. Experimental research is performed by developed countries to estimate the state of the metallic corps and predict terms of exploitation •Main ways of nuclear power developments are analyzed •Issues related to Nuclear Fuel Exhaust (NFE) are analyzed •Problems dealing with radioactive waste

### Results

•Experimental research proved that the exploitation term of the metallic corps can be prolonged from 10 to 20 years. Ukraine would benefit if its corps of reactors had the same characteristic to allow for the prolongation of exploitation.
•Some of the main ways that Ukraine should implement for its nuclear power developments were identified to be the following
•In order for Chernobyl NPS to improve its growth and success in the future implementation of the steps to improve usage time and plant development is needed.
# Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Individual emotions/Images
## Images

Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Individual emotions
# Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Individual emotions

Lecture 09: Individual emotions This is the ninth lecture for the motivation and emotion unit of study.

## Overview

This lecture discusses 20 specific emotions
Take-home messages:
* Emotions are purposeful
* Emotions guide action tendencies towards adaptive functional response
* Learning about the functions of specific emotions expands our emotional repertoire and makes adaptive emotional responses in different situations more likely

## Outline

* Basic (7)
* Self-conscious (5)
* Cognitively complex (8)

## Motivations generated by specific emotions

Typical motivational urges generated (functions served) by specific emotions are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Motivational Urge Generated by Specific Emotions (based on Reeve (2018, p. 340))
| Emotion | Motivational urge |
| Basic | |
| Fear | Flee; protect oneself |
| Anger | Overcome obstacles; right an illegitimate wrong |
| Disgust | Reject; get rid of; get away from |
| Contempt | Maintain dominance and social hierarchy |
| Sadness | Repair a loss or failure |
| Joy | Continue goal striving; play; engage in social interaction |
| Interest | Explore; seek; acquire new information; learn |
| Self-conscious | |
| Shame | Restore the self; protect the self |
| Guilt | Make amends |
| Embarrassment | Appease others; communicate blunder was unintended |
| Pride | Authentic: Acquire further skill; persist at challenging tasks Hubristic: Self-inflation to boost self-esteem and social standing |
| Triumph | Display dominance and power over the defeated |
| Cognitively complex | |
| Envy | Benign: Move up; improve one’s position. Malicious: Tear down; reduce another's position |
| Gratitude | Act prosocially; grow the relationship |
| Disappointment | Give up; helplessness |
| Regret | Undo a poor decision or behaviour |
| Hope | Keep engaged in pursuit of a desired goal |
| Schadenfreude | Reinforce feelings of superiority |
| Empathy | Act prosocially; help the other |
| Compassion | Reduce suffering |
Note. Links go to specific motivation and emotion book chapters. For a table of these emotions with definitions and links to corresponding Wikipedia articles, see the 20 emotions tutorial.

## Readings

* Chapter 14: Individual emotions (Reeve, 2018)

## Slides

* Individual emotions (Google Slides)
# Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Lecturer notes

Notes for lecturers wishing to use Motivation and emotion lecture materials:
* The Reeve (2018) textbook instructor resources include MS Powerpoint files (.ppt) with slides corresponding to each chapter - these resources can be obtained from the textbook publisher's instructor companion website.
* The Motivation and emotion lecture pages on Wikiversity currently provide links to expanded and adapted slides from the Reeve (2009) instructor resources (by James Neill from University of Canberra). These slides are accessible from Google Slides (links are provided in the Slides subsection on each Wikiversity lecture page).
# Mathematics/Astronomy/Quiz

Mathematical astronomy is a lecture. It has been included in the astronomy course on the principles of radiation astronomy.
You are free to take this quiz based on mathematical astronomy at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{principles of radiation astronomy}} template.
This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* On a mathematics quiz the answers are the same, only the questions change.
# Mathematics Worksheet/Area and Perimeter of 2D Shapes answers

The area of a square is 100cm2. Find its perimeter. Find the height of a trapezium with the upper base 12cm, lower base 18cm, and area 150cm2. One side of a rhombus is 20cm. Can you find the area? explain. The base of an isosceles triangle measures 15cm and its area is 45cm2. Find its altitude. A circle has a radius of 4. Find its perimeter and area. A regular hexagon has a side of 10cm, a height of 10cm and a maximum width of 10cm. Find its area. A 25cm2 square has been cut out from a 12cm by 15cm rectangle. Find the area and perimeter of this shape.
# Mathematics

Mathematics includes the study of such topics as quantity (number theory), structure (algebra), space (geometry), and change (mathematical analysis).

## See Also

* School: Mathematics
* Portal: Mathematics
* Wikipedia: Mathematics
* MIT: Mathematics Courses
* Open Michigan: Mathematics Courses