# Viticulture and Oenology

Oenology,œnology, or enology is the science and study of all aspects of wine and wine-making except vine-growing and grape-harvesting, which is a subfield called viticulture. “Viticulture and oenology” is a common designation for training programmes and research centres that include both the “outdoors” and “indoors” aspects of wine production. An expert in the field of oenology is known as an oenologist.

## Prerequisites
#### Physical Sciences

* Chemistry
* Geography
* Geology

#### Life Sciences

* Biology
* Botany & Plant Sciences

## Learning Materials
### Texts

* Wine Making at home
* b:Category:Wine

### Oenology Lessons

Topic:Enology
* Introduction to Wines
Survey of wine producing regions of the world; principles of wine production. Topics include grape growing, fermentation and stabilization of wine, application of sensory science to the evaluation of wine quality, health aspects, classification, regulation and marketing of wine.
* Wine Chemistry
Sugars, acids, nitrogenous compounds in grape juice; antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of sulphur dioxide; must adjustments; biochemistry of alcoholic and malo-lactic fermentation; bitartrate and protein stability; fining agents; wine aging and phenolic oxidation.
* Wine Processing and Equipment
Theory and operation of grape and wine processing equipment in commercial wineries, including crushers, presses, filters, pumps, tanks; winery layout; sanitation and waste water management.
* Wine Microbiology
Identification and enumeration of indigenous micro-organisms in grape must. Alcoholic fermentation; metabolism of nitrogen compounds and organic acids; production of sulphur compounds; killer yeasts; malolactic fermentation; wine spoilage micro-organisms; genetic improvement of wine yeasts.

### Viticulture Lessons

Topic:Viticulture
* Grapevine Biology
Varieties, rootstocks, clones, physiology and biochemistry of grapevine growth and fruit maturation; soil science, winter hardiness; grapevine propagation.
* Cultural Practices
Site selection, pruning, training, canopy management, crop control, mechanization, soil management and vineyard establishment.
* Climate and Winegrape Production
Climatological aspects of winegrape production emphasizing selected wine regions of the world. Effects of climate, weather-related diseases, topography, soil and viticultural practices on winegrape production.
* Introduction to Soil Science
Physical, chemical, biological and hydrological processes within the soil system, their interrelation and relation between these processes and the potential use of the soil.
* Grape Pest Management
Biology and dynamics of grapevine pest activity - insects, diseases, weeds, nematodes, vertebrates. Integrated pest management approach looking at all aspects of control chemical, biological, cultural. Application techniques, pest identification and monitoring.

## Assignments
### Preliminary Study guide

* Wikipedia article:w:Old_World_wine
* Wikipedia article:w:New_World_wine
* Wikipedia article:w:List_of_wine-producing_regions
* Wikipedia article:w:Growing_region
* Wikipedia article:w:Irrigation_in_viticulture
* Wikipedia article:w:Wine_production
* Wikipedia article:w:Stabilization_of_wine
* Wikipedia article:w:Acetobacter
* Wikipedia article:w:Wine_and_health
* Wikipedia article:w:Wine_label
* Wikipedia article:w:Wine_tasting
* Wikipedia article:w:Wine_tasting_descriptors
* Wikipedia article:w:Wine_history

### Readings

* Peruse the appropriate sections of Wine Making at home

### Activities

* Use these or these flashcards and quizzes
Viticulture
* Take this Viticulture vocabulary quiz
* Take this Viticulture quiz
Oenology
* Take this Enology quiz
* Take these as well