OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Korean/Words/태극
## 태극

    RR: taegeuk (太極)
* The Ultimate Oneness, Taiji, or the like.

### 태극기

    RR: taegeukgi (太極旗)
* the national flag of the Republic of Korea
* The 1882 flag of Korea (since 1949 the flag of South Korea).
* The national flag of the Republic of Korea (2011-present).
* The earliest known Taijitu or yin-yang diagram.
* Coat of arms adopted by Niels Bohr in 1947

### 태극도

    RR: taegeukdo (太極圖)
* Taijitu or yin-yang diagram
* Taijitu (太極圖)
* Bagua: Modern Taijitu with I Ching trigrams.
* Fuxi 'Earlier Heaven' bagua arrangement.

### Comments

* It is quite an irony as well as mystery that the colorful shield pattern above (ca. AD 430) of an Western Roman infantry unit is the earliest known Taijitu or yin-yang diagram, most likely of East Asian origin, and that most likely earlier than that. The influence of the East on the West would have never ended with that!

### See also

* The Möbius band symbolizes a unity or oneness
* To turn a rectangle into a Möbius strip

### References

* ↑ 태극
* ↑ 표준국어대사전 중국 철학에서, 우주 만물의 근원이 되는 실체. 하늘과 땅이 분리되기 이전의 세상 만물의 원시 상태.
* ↑ 표준국어대사전 대한민국의 국기. 흰 바탕의 한가운데 진홍빛 양(陽)과 푸른빛 음(陰)의 태극을 두고, 사방 대각선 상에 검은빛 사괘(四卦)를 둔다. 사괘의 위치는 건(乾)을 왼편 위, 곤(坤)을 오른편 아래, 감(坎)을 오른편 위, 이(離)를 왼편 아래로 한다. 조선 고종 19년(1882)에 일본에 수신사로 간 박영효가 처음 사용하고, 고종 20년(1883)에 정식으로 국기로 채택ㆍ공포되었다. 1949년에 문교부 고시로 현재의 형태로 확정되었다.
* ↑ That shows the shield pattern of the Western Roman infantry unit armigeri defensores seniores.
* ↑ It shows a taijitu in red and black, with the motto contraria sunt complementa ("opposites are complementary").
* ↑ Numericana - Escutcheons of Science
* ↑ That is, the yin-yang diagram, "with black representing yin and white representing yang. It is a symbol that reflects the inescapably intertwined duality of all things in nature, a common theme in Taoism. No quality is independent of its opposite, nor so pure that it does not contain its opposite in a diminished form: these concepts are depicted by the vague division between black and white, the flowing boundary between the two, and the smaller circles within the large regions."
* ↑ Of binary opposition, that is, Taiji of yin and yang.
* ↑ Join the edges labelled A so that the directions of the arrows match.
# Korean/Words/품다

* ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ -ㄱ-ㄲ-ㄴ-ㄷ-ㄸ-ㄹ-ㅁ-ㅂ-ㅃ-ㅅ-ㅆ-ㅇ-ㅈ-ㅉ-ㅊ-ㅋ-ㅌ-ㅍ-ㅎ- 말+/말씀+/물+/불+ a2z/Basics/News/Notes/Table/Legend/Sandbox

## 품다
### Verb

* 괴어 있는 물을 계속해서 많이 푸다.
    to repeatedly draw water from its body, likely using a certain device. (frequentative)
    cf. Middle English pumpe, German pumpen (frequentative)

### Relatives

* 푸다 (puda, "to dip, draw, ladle" (not frequentative))
* 파다 (pada, "to dig")
* 뿜다 (ppumda, "to spout, spurt, blow, cf. fume)
* 용두레 (yongdure)

### Comparatives

| Germanic | Latinic |
| pompen #Dutch pump #English pumpen #German pumpa #Swedish | pomper #French pompare #Italian bombear #Portuguese bombear #Spanish |
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=품다
* ↑ 낮은 곳의 물을 높은 곳의 논이나 밭으로 퍼 올리는 데 쓰는 농기구. a long bucket to pump or draw water up to a higher field
# Korean/Words/텽
## 텽
### Noun

* 한옥에서, 몸채의 방과 방 사이에 있는 큰 마루.
    the large hall between rooms in Korean housing.

### Meanwhile

* 廳이란 "聽(듣다)과 广(집)을 합친 글자로, 하소연을 듣는 곳, 즉 관청을 나타냄."
    According to a Sino-Korean dictionary, 廳, as a compound of 聽 "to hear" and 广 "house", means the office of hearing pleas, that is, the government office.

### Relatives

* 텽집 (tyeongjip)
* 청사 (cheongsa), 廳舍 (tīngshe)
* 청당 (廳堂, cheongdang), 廳堂/厅堂 (tīngtáng)
* 청문 (聽聞)
* 청문회 (聽聞會)

### Comparatives

Thing #Translations :
| Germanic Danish: ting Dutch: ding English: Thing Faroese: ting German: Ding, Thing Icelandic: þing Norwegian: ting Old English: þing Old High German: ding Old Norse: þing Swedish: ting | Other languages Italian: ting, thing Estonian: ting Finnish: ting, thing French: Thing Macedonian: тинг (ting) Portuguese: thing Russian: тинг (ting) Spanish: thing |

### References

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thing_(assembly)
* https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ting_(forsamling)
* https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinghus
* https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tingshus
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husting
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courthouse
* https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/팅그

### Footnotes

* ↑ Cf. Mandarin: 厅 (ting)
* ↑ Simplified: 厅 (ting) "hall, large room" Shinjitai: 庁 (chō) Definitions: hall; large room.
* ↑ 한자사전: 廳 관청(官廳), 관아(官衙) government office 마루, 대청(大廳: 방과 방 사이에 있는 큰 마루) large hall
* ↑ 한글사전: 청9 廳
* ↑ 금성판 활용옥편 p.289.
* ↑ 남광우 편저, 교학고어사전, 1997. p.1350. 텽 [명] 청(廳), 대청(大廳) 텽집 [명] 청(廳), 대청(大廳)
* ↑ The old Sino-Korean 텽 (廳, tyeong) alone is too ambiguous to do without such a compound as 텽집 (廳집, tyeongjip) prototypical of the modern 청사 (廳舍, cheongsa).
* ↑ (Taiwan, historical) government office; government building (under Japanese rule)
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=청당 ‘관청’의 북한어.
* ↑ hall (for holding meetings, concerts, receiving guests, etc.) department in a large government organization (such as a ministry); office government department at a provincial level
* ↑ 들을 청(聽) 들을 문(聞)
* ↑ w:National Assembly hearing
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hearing (uncountable) A proceeding at which discussions are heard. There will be a public hearing to discuss the new traffic light.
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=청문회 어떤 문제에 대하여 내용을 듣고 그에 대하여 물어보는 모임. 주로 국가 기관에서 입법 및 행정상의 결정을 내리기에 앞서 이해관계인이나 제삼자의 의견을 듣기 위하여 연다.
* ↑ cf. tinghus
* ↑ cf. Thingstead
* ↑ cf. tinghus
* ↑ cf. þinghús
* ↑ cf. tinghus
* ↑ cf. þingstede
* ↑ cf. þinghús
* ↑ cf. tingshus
# Korean/Words/텽집
## 텽집
### Noun

* 관청의 사무실로 쓰는 건물.
    goverment office, government building

### Synonyms

* 청사 (cheongsa), 廳舍 (tīngshe)
* 청당 (廳堂, cheongdang), 廳堂/厅堂 (tīngtáng)

### Relatives

* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husting
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Courthouse

### Comparatives

* Germanic
* Danish: tinghus cf. ting
* English: Thingstead cf. Thing
* Faroese: tinghus cf. ting
* Icelandic: þinghús cf. þing
* Norwegian: tinghus cf. ting
* Old English: þingstede cf. þing
* Old Norse: þinghús cf. þing
* Swedish: tingshus cf. ting
* Compare
* 텽 cf. 텽집

### See also

* 티우* (tiu) "Tiu or Tiw" identified with Týr

### Footnotes

* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=청사
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/청사
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/廳舍
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/廳舍
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/厅舍
* ↑ 廳舍 (tīngshe) (Taiwan, historical) government office; government building (under Japanese rule)
* ↑ (Taiwan, historical) government office; government building (under Japanese rule)
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=청당 ‘관청’의 북한어.
* ↑ hall (for holding meetings, concerts, receiving guests, etc.) department in a large government organization (such as a ministry); office government department at a provincial level
* ↑ (廳, tyeong, "government office")
* ↑ (廳집, tyeongjip, "government office builing")
* ↑ "Due to linguistic evidence and early native comparisons between *Tīwaz and the Roman god Mars, especially under the name Mars Thingsus, a number of scholars have interpreted *Tīwaz as a Proto-Germanic sky-, war- and thing-god."
# Korean/Words/티우*
## 티우*
### Hanja: 蚩尤

* 고대 동북 아시아의 전설적 전쟁신
    Chiyou, the ancient Far-East god of war.

### Comparatives

* Tiu or Tiw
* Tyr or Týr

### Comments

* The Far-East god of war 蚩尤 (티우*, tiu) might well be identified with the Western counterpart such as English Tiu or Tiw, German Ziu, Nordic Tyr, and even Latin Mars. Meanwhile, Latin Mars Thingsus strongly suggests that Thing or the like was characteristic of the above-mentioned Germanic god of war. Such may be the case with 蚩尤 and 廳, anyway in close association!

### See also

* Tuesday, literally meaning "Tiu's day" or "Tiw's day"
* Thing, the ancient Germanic assembly
* Mars Thingsus in Latin, meaning "Mars or the war god characteristic of the Thing"
* Tinghus in Norwegian, meaning "Courthouse", literally, "Thing-house" cf. 텽집 (廳집, tyeong-jip), which is now canonically, 청사 (廳舍, 庁舍, cheong-sa)
* ↑ "The ancient Germanic god of war, identified with Tyr of Norse mythology. Possibly the god after whom Tuesday was named."
* ↑ Týr is the relevant Wikipedia page.
* ↑ "(Norse mythology) The Norse god of war, identifiable with Tiu or Tiw."
* ↑ "Týr is the namesake of the Tiwaz rune (ᛏ), a letter of the runic alphabet corresponding to the Latin letter T. By way of the process of interpretatio germanica, the deity is the namesake of Tuesday ('Týr's day') in Germanic languages, including English.
* ↑ The interpretatio romana generally renders the god as Mars, the ancient Roman war god, and it is through that lens that most Latin references to the god occur. For example, the god may be referenced as Mars Thingsus (Latin 'Mars of the Assembly [Thing]') on 3rd century Latin inscription, reflecting a strong association with the Germanic thing, a legislative body among the ancient Germanic peoples.
# Korean/Words/포도

* ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ -ㄱ-ㄲ-ㄴ-ㄷ-ㄸ-ㄹ-ㅁ-ㅂ-ㅃ-ㅅ-ㅆ-ㅇ-ㅈ-ㅉ-ㅊ-ㅋ-ㅌ-ㅍ-ㅎ- 말+/말씀+/물+/불+ a2z/Basics/News/Notes/Table/Legend/Sandbox

## 포도
### Noun

* 포도과의 낙엽 활엽 덩굴성 나무. 덩굴은 길게 뻗고 덩굴손으로 다른 것에 감아 붙는다. 잎은 어긋나고 원형이며 3~5개로 얕게 갈라진다. 첫여름에 엷은 녹색의 꽃이 원추(圓錐) 화서로 피고, 열매는 둥근 모양의 장과(漿果)로 가을에 익는다. 서부 아시아가 원산지로 온대 지방에 분포한다. ≒포도나무. (Vitis vinifera)
    grapevine
* 포도나무 열매. 자줏빛, 푸른빛, 검은빛 따위의 여러 가지가 있다. 포도당, 비타민 따위가 함유되어 있으며 맛은 달고 새큼하다. 날로 먹거나 건포도 또는 포도주로 가공하여 먹는다.
    grain of grape cf. French grain de raisin

### Synonyms

* 머루 (meoru, “wild grape, (obsolete) grape”)

### Compounds

* 포도송이 (-song-i, "a bunch of grapes")
* 산포도 (san-, "wild grape," lit. "mountain grape")

### Comparatives

| Germanic | Norse | Latinic |
| druif #Dutch grape #English Traube #German | drue #Danish drúva #Faroese þrúga #Icelandic drue #Norway druva #Swedish | raisin #French uva #Italian uva #Latin uva #Portuguese uva #Spanish |

### See also

* 목젖 (mokjeot, "uvula," lit. "throat teat")
* ↑ Vitis coignetiae, called crimson glory vine, is a plant belonging to the genus Vitis that is native to the temperate climes of Asia, where it can be found in the Russian Far East, (Sakhalin); Korea; and Japan (Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku). It was described botanically in 1883. It is called meoru (머루) in Korean and yama-budo (ヤマブドウ) in Japanese.
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=포도
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/포도
* ↑ Most European words for "grape" originally meant "bunch" rather than "grain" as of grapes.
* ↑ English raisin "dried grape" from French raisin "grape" from Latin racēmus "cluster or bunch of grapes, berries or similar fruits"
* ↑ Compare: morum #Latin "mulberry, blackberry" morara #Sotho
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=포도송이 한 꼭지에 모여 달린 포도알의 덩어리. a bunch or cluster of grapes
* ↑ Wikt: 송이 a bunch of flowers, grapes, mushrooms; a flake of snow 포도 송이 (podo song-i, "a bunch of grapes")
# Korean/Words/톱

* ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ -ㄱ-ㄲ-ㄴ-ㄷ-ㄸ-ㄹ-ㅁ-ㅂ-ㅃ-ㅅ-ㅆ-ㅇ-ㅈ-ㅉ-ㅊ-ㅋ-ㅌ-ㅍ-ㅎ- 말+/말씀+/물+/불+ a2z/Basics/News/Notes/Table/Legend/Sandbox

## 톱
### Suffix

* 손톱과 발톱을 통틀어 이르는 말.
    nail, fingernail, toenail

### Compounds

* 손톱 (son-, "fingernail")
* 발톱 (bal-, "toenail")

### Relatives

* 손 (son, "hand")
* 손가락 (son-garag, "finger")
* 발 (bal, "foot")
* 발가락 (bal-garag, "toe")
* 가락 (garag, "division") cf. 갈래 (gallae, "division")

### Comparatives

* top #English
* tip #English
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=톱
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/톱
# Korean/Words/통

* ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ -ㄱ-ㄲ-ㄴ-ㄷ-ㄸ-ㄹ-ㅁ-ㅂ-ㅃ-ㅅ-ㅆ-ㅇ-ㅈ-ㅉ-ㅊ-ㅋ-ㅌ-ㅍ-ㅎ- 말+/말씀+/물+/불+ a2z/Basics/News/Notes/Table/Legend/Sandbox

## 통
### Noun

* 무엇을 담기 위하여 나무나 쇠, 플라스틱 따위로 깊게 만든 그릇.
    tun, tub, barrel, cask, vat, vessel
* ((수량을 나타내는 말 뒤에 쓰여)) 물건을 ‘「1」’에 담아 그 분량을 세는 단위.
    a metric unit, cf. ton

### Compounds

* 물통 (mul-, "water tun, barrel")
* 술통 (sul-, "liquor tun, barrel")
* 통장이 (-jang-i, "cooper")

### Relatives

* 톤 (ton, "ton") loanword
* 독 (dog, "earthenware barrel")
* 동이 (dong-i, "earthenware jar")
* 양동이 (洋-, yang-dong-i, "bucket" lit. "western jar")

### Comparatives

* tun
* Aragonese: tonel
* Chinese: 桶 (tǒng)
* Danish: tønde
* Dutch: ton
* English: tun
* French: tonneau
* German: Tonne
* Icelandic: tunna
* Korean: 통 (桶, tong)
* Latin: tunna
* Norwegian: tønne
* Swedish: tunna
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=통
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/통
# Korean/Words/펄럭

* ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ -ㄱ-ㄲ-ㄴ-ㄷ-ㄸ-ㄹ-ㅁ-ㅂ-ㅃ-ㅅ-ㅆ-ㅇ-ㅈ-ㅉ-ㅊ-ㅋ-ㅌ-ㅍ-ㅎ- 말+/말씀+/물+/불+ a2z/Basics/News/Notes/Table/Legend/Sandbox

## 펄럭
### Adverb

* 깃발 따위가 바람에 이리저리 나부끼는 소리든 꼴이든 둘다든.
    (imitative) In such a way that something like a flag is flapping or fluttering in (or as blown by) the wind.
    This serves as the stem of the following frequentatives:
** 펄럭펄럭 (-peoleok) adv. (reduplication)
** 펄럭이다 (-ida) v.
** 펄럭대다 (-daeda) v.
** 펄럭거리다 (-georida) v.

### Comparatives

* flag #English and Germanic and Slavic translations
| Danish: flag Dutch: vlag English: flag German: Flagge Icelandic: flagg Norwegian: flagg Swedish: flagga | Belarusian: флаг (flah) Bulgarian: флаг (flag) Czech: vlajka Polish: flaga Russian: флаг (flag) |
* fly #English and Germanic translations
| Danish: flyve Icelandic: fljúga Norwegian: flyge Swedish: flyga | Dutch: vliegen German: fliegen Low German: flegen West Frisian: fleane | Old English: flēogan English: fly |
* flock #English, etc.
* flock (n.1)
* Old English flocc "a group of persons, company, troop," related to Old Norse flokkr "crowd, troop, band," Middle Low German vlocke "crowd, flock (of sheep);" of unknown origin, not found in other Germanic languages; perhaps related to folc "people," but the metathesis would have been unusual for Old English.
* folk #English, etc.
* folk (n)
* folk (n.)
* Old English folc "common people, laity; men; people, nation, tribe; multitude; troop, army," from Proto-Germanic *fulka- (source also of Old Saxon folc, Old Frisian folk, Middle Dutch volc, Dutch volk, Old High German folc, German Volk "people"). Perhaps originally "host of warriors:" Compare Old Norse folk "people," also "army, detachment;" and Lithuanian pulkas "crowd," Old Church Slavonic pluku "division of an army" (hence Russian polk "regiment")
* bird #English, and Germanic translations
| Danish: fugl Icelandic: fugl Norwegian: fugl Swedish: fågel | Dutch: vogel German: Vogel Low German: Vagel West Frisian: fûgel | Old English: fugol English: fowl Old English: bridd English: bird |

### See also

* 보풀 (bopul, "fluff")
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=펄럭
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/펄럭
* ↑ Note: flock #Etymology 2 ("tufts of wool or cotton")
* ↑ Now fowl replaced by bird since 14th c.
* ↑ Compare with poultry, i.e., "domestic fowl (e.g. chickens, ducks, turkeys, and geese) raised for food (either meat or eggs)." Then what is the fowl in itself?
* ↑ bridd, brid "young bird, chick" > bird
# Korean/Words/풀무

* ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ -ㄱ-ㄲ-ㄴ-ㄷ-ㄸ-ㄹ-ㅁ-ㅂ-ㅃ-ㅅ-ㅆ-ㅇ-ㅈ-ㅉ-ㅊ-ㅋ-ㅌ-ㅍ-ㅎ- 말+/말씀+/물+/불+ a2z/Basics/News/Notes/Table/Legend/Sandbox

## 풀무
### Noun

* 불을 피울 때에 바람을 일으키는 기구.
** bellows

### Relatives

| 불 (bul, "fire") 바람 (baram, "wind" ie air flow) 부레 (bure, "bladder") 부아 (bua, "lung") 볼 (bol, "cheek; ball (of thumb, feet, shoes, etc.)" 볼기 (bolgi, "buttocks") 볼록 (bollok, "convex") (mild, weak imitative) 불룩 (bollok, "convex") (wild, strong imitative) | 불다 (bulda, "to blow") 부르다 (bureuda, "to swell, bulge" adj. "to be full, bulging") 부풀다 (bupulda, "to swell, bulge") 불리다 (bullida, "to make (something) swell; to make (iron) hardened") 불거지다 (bulgeojida, "to bulge") |

### Comparatives

* Latin pulmo ("lung")
* Latin follis ("bellows")
* Latin bulga ("leather bag, knapsack, purse, wallet, womb")
* Dutch balg ("leather bag, bellows, belly, body!")
* English bulge
* English belly
* English bellows
* English blower
* English blow
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=풀무
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/풀무
* ↑ Instead of the bellows, you may use your cheek and mouth as well as lungs to blow the fire.
* ↑ (informal, archaic) the lungs
* ↑ Antonym: 오목 (omog, "concave")
* ↑ Antonym: 우묵 (umug, "concave")
* ↑ Accordion § Bellows The bellows is the most recognizable part of the instrument, and the primary means of articulation. The production of sound in an accordion is in direct proportion to the motion of the bellows by the player. In a sense, the role of the bellows can be compared to the role of moving a violin's bow on bowed strings. For a more direct analogy, the bellows can be compared to the role of breathing for a singer.
# Plasmas/Plasma objects/Astronomy/Quiz

Plasma-object astronomy is a lecture studying astronomical objects consisting of plasma totally or in some portion.
You are free to take this quiz based on plasma-object astronomy at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the astronomy resources template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!
# Plasmas/Plasma objects/Coronal clouds/Quiz

Coronal clouds is a lecture and an article about a specific astronomical entity, a type of plasma meteor. It is also a part of the department of astronomy course on the principles of radiation astronomy.
You are free to take this quiz based on coronal clouds at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links and in the {{principles of radiation astronomy}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* Solar flares occur before coronal clouds.
# Plasmas/Ions/Quiz

Plasma ions is a lecture and an article about ions in plasmas from the physics and astronomy departments of the school of physics and astronomy and the school of chemistry.
You are free to take this quiz based on plasma ions at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links and in the {{charge ontology}}, {{physics resources}} and {{radiation astronomy resources}} templates. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* Plasma ions occur primarily above the surface of the Sun.
# Plasmas/Plasma objects/Auroras/Quiz

Auroras is a lecture and an article from the radiation astronomy department.
This is a quiz based on the lecture that you are free to take at any time or knowledge level.
Once you’ve read and studied the lecture itself, the links contained within the article and lecture and listed under See also and External links, you should have adequate background to take the quiz and score highly. The template {{Radiation astronomy resources}} may also be helpful.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
This quiz may need up to an hour to take and is equivalent to an hourly.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* Quiz questions about auroras may be made too difficult.
# Plasmas/Magnetohydrodynamics/Quiz

Magnetohydrodynamics is a physics lecture.
You are free to take this quiz based on magnetohydrodynamics at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{charge ontology}} and {{physics resources}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* Magnetohydrodynamics may not have to include mass or gravity.
# History/Overview
## Earth

The primordial Earth formed around four and a half billion years ago.

## Humans

Our ancestors appeared between eight and five million years ago in Gondwana, a supercontinent which eventually split into the two continents of South America and Africa. Our human ancestors were known as Australopithecines. Archaeological discoveries in Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, East Africa suggest that the earliest humans existed around that part of the world as early as eight million years ago.
# History/Recent/Little Ice Age/Quiz

Little Ice Age is a lecture from the school of geology and the radiation astronomy department.
You are free to take this quiz based on the Little Ice Age at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{geology resources}} and {{radiation astronomy resources}} templates. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* Tephra layers may be the best geochronometer.