OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Electrical systems

Electrical Systems in Construction is generally broken down to into New Construction, Existing Construction, and Design Build. All designs should meet the standards of client satisfaction, safety, code compliance, aesthetics, and profit.

## General Design

A successful design involves a strong understanding of application, safety, layout, growth, flexibility, incorporating old technology with new, and meeting "local" requirements. All Electrical designs needs to be coordinated with the involved trades, such as but not limited to structural, Mechanical Systems/HVACs, Plumbing, and Fire/Life Safety.
Also see Code of Ethics, and Grounding

## Power

Branch Circuits can be broken down into Conductors, Overcurrent Devices, and Raceways. Each component has maximum loads which needs to be calculated and properly designed to protect the system. Each component should have proper protection from the elements depending on the local conditions. Conduits need to have their proper insulation and overprotection devices should be kept in panelboards or switchboards.
Also see Panel Schedule and Single Line Diagram

## Low Voltage Systems

The Low Voltage Systems (Signals) can include audio/video, voice/data, fire alarms, security, and other low voltage equipment. It also includes commercial and residential satellite systems, off air antennas, and coaxial cable design and installation. Low Voltage systems can also encompass intercom systems, wireless access systems, and surveillance.

## Lighting

The purpose of lighting design should be to provide quality lighting for the task area, to be aesthetic, and minimize energy usage. Lighting is measured terms of footcandles, illuminance, lamp efficacies, footlambert, candlepower or lumens per watt. In theory, light dimishishes as a square function as the distance increases from the source.

## Safety Hazards

Electrocutions are the fourth leading cause of death for construction workers in the U.S, so maintaining safe work conditions are important.
* Overload of Cable Trays
* Electrical Fires
* Arc Flash
* Failure to have electrical power disconnected during demolition
* Working near underground electrical cables
* Using heavy equipment near overhead powerlines
* Failure to deenergize while working with or near live wires.
* ↑ http://www.cdc.gov/elcosh/docs/d0500/d000539/d000539.html
# Electricity

We are all familiar with electricity which is used to light homes, streets and other buildings/premises, etc. and to run domestic, industrial and commercial appliances, equipment and machinery for the benefit of humanity. Thus electricity is the most versatile form of energy.
Def. "a phenomenon caused by the distribution and movement of charged subatomic particles and their interaction with the electromagnetic field" is called electricity.

## Contents

* Introduction
* Principles
* Electricity generator
* Electricity and matter
* Alternating current
* Direct current
* Electric circuit
* Hydraulic analogy

### Quizzes

* Capacitors/Quiz
* Electricity/Quiz
# Electrical engineering

    You may also be interested in viewing the content development page at School:Electrical engineering.
Electrical engineering is a professional engineering discipline which will need the knowledge and application of electricity and electromagnetism.
You can learn more from Wikiversity about electrical engineering by browsing Category:Electrical engineering.

## Wikimedia

* w: Electrical engineering
* w: Operational amplifier applications
# Engineering Projects/BarCode/Howard Community College/fall2012/p2-503-at
### Problem Statement

Create generate a barcode that would open the picture without using the browser.

### Team Members

Akoumany Thiam

### Summary

For the barcode project we began with the QR to generate it. We then decided to use the android SDK to create an app. The primary goal is create a practical application using QR Codes and a smartphone application that reads the QR codes. We also converted the jpg. pictures into svgs to be used in the application.

### Story

We reviewed the previous teams work to determine where to start on the barcode. We also reviewed the different apps we could use to generate a barcode.From the QR code generator we generated different materials such as a phone number, text, url and a contact. But the QR code is limited with what it could convert. Before the pictures are converted it needs to be turned into a url. Through text the picture would not be generated. We then moved towards Andoids SDK to create an application. The application would download the zip file and then unzip it and copy the information to the SDK card.

### Material List

Any android phone.

### Software List

QR code generator
SDK application
Inkscape

### Time

40 hours

### Tutorials

http://people.bridgewater.edu/~arn002/csci440/android-tutorial.htm http://www.thonky.com/qr-code-tutorial/

### Next Steps

The next team should continue working on the android application.
# Engineering Projects/BarCode/Howard Community College/fall2012/p2-503-flq/Download

1 - Browse down to the story subsection of the Barcode project team page
2 - Click on the link under the bold lettering that says " Link to download files from Google Drive "
3 - Google Drive will open up
4 - On the top left it says "Files." Click on that and then click on download
5 - Depending on the browser that you are using the download will automatically begin or ask for you to begin it. Proceed to download the files and allow your browser to download them.
6 - Wala, the files have been downloaded to your download destination!
# Engineering Projects/BioVest
## Project BioVest

This project started at the conceive phase in fall 2013; a group of students conceived of a "biovest" to monitor the health of the person wearing the device.
Project Goal: Create a prototype "vest," instrumented with multiple sensors, that will monitor/record/display the vital signs of the wearer. See the conceive report below for detailed requirements.
* Sensor locations for ECG
* Chest strap heart rate monitor

## Conceive

In fall 2013, students completed the "conceive" phase of this project. They established the basic concept for the design, along with the key design goals/requirements. The conception is documented in this report.

## Design

As of spring 2014, students are actively working on the design phase of this project. The design documentation will be posted here when completed.
# Engineering Projects/Biofeedback
## Project Biofeedback

The human body can provide input into a device in many different forms: EEG, ECG, heart rate, skin temperature, skin twitching, accelerometer to detect movement, etc. The goal is to begin turning on and off output devices such as motors, lights, or moving a virtual mouse and clicking it's virtual buttons. Ultimately the goal could be to control robots, physical training, pain management, lie detection or provide an alternative muti-sensory experience for those that can not normally control their environment.

## Tutorials

* old documentation snake hat
* old documentation smart shoe
# Engineering Projects/Bionic Tripod Manipulator
## Idea

The "bionic tripod" manipulator arm was originally developed by FESTO in 2009. This is one of many novel actuator designs originated by FESTO. The bionic tripod is simple enough that a prototype can be constructed by first-year engineering students. The goal of this project is to build a manipulator and learn to control it, such that the arm is capable grasping an object and moving it to a different location.
Documentation of FESTO design iterations are found here:
Bionic Tripod
Bionic Tripod 2.0
Bionic Tripod 3.0

## Conceive

Not applicable - Conception has been informally described above. Students start with design or implement.

## Design

As of spring 2014, students are actively working on the design phase of this project. Significant progress was made in prior years (see below for old documentation).

## Old Documentation

Robot arm
# Engineering Projects/BarCode/Howard Community College/fall2012/p1-503-nwzz/naturetrails
## Nature Trail Pictures

* Deer Valley Trail
* Hawk Valley Trail
* Highlands Trail
* Centennial Beech Trail
# English-Chinese/Numerous varieties of the tomato plant are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing for the production of tomatoes throughout all seasons of the year

Numerous varieties of the tomato plant are widely grown in temperate climates across the world, with greenhouses allowing for the production of tomatoes throughout all seasons of the year.
许多品种的番茄植物在世界各地的温带气候中广泛种植，温室可以在一年中的所有季节生产番茄。
# English-Chinese/Nutritionally, doufu is low in calories, while containing a relatively large amount of protein

Nutritionally, doufu is low in calories, while containing a relatively large amount of protein.
在营养方面，豆腐的热量低，同时含有相对大量的蛋白质。
# English-Chinese/OCD

Obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder where people feel the need to check things repeatedly, perform certain routines repeatedly, or have certain thoughts repeatedly.
强迫症（OCD）是一种精神疾病，人们觉得需要反复检查事物，反复执行某些程序，或反复思考某些想法。
# English-Chinese/Oat bran is the outer casing of the oat. Its daily consumption over weeks lowers LDL and total cholesterol, possibly reducing the risk of heart disease

Oat bran is the outer casing of the oat. Its daily consumption over weeks lowers LDL and total cholesterol, possibly reducing the risk of heart disease.
燕麦麸是燕麦的外层。 每天吃燕麦麸数周会降低LDL和总胆固醇，从而降低患心脏病的风险。
# English-Chinese/Nucleon

In physics and chemistry, a nucleon refers to any subatomic particle found in the nucleus of an atom. For instance, protons and neutrons are nucleons, since they are in the nucleus of the atom. Nucleons are made of quarks.
在 物理 和 化学中，核子 是指 在 原子核中 发现的 任何 亚原子粒子。例如，质子 和 中子 是 核子，因为 它们 位于 原子核中。核子 由 quark 组成。
# English-Chinese/Nutrition

Nutrition provides food for cells of the organism. The organism needs food to stay healthy. Malnutrition can occur without proper nutrition. A balanced diet can get the right amount of nutrition to stay healthy.
营养为生物体的细胞提供食物。 生物体需要食物才能保持健康。 不吃适量营养会发生营养不良。 均衡饮食可以获得适量营养以保持健康。
# English-Chinese/Nucleotide

Nucleotides are chemical compounds, the building blocks of the nucleic acids RNA and DNA.
核苷酸 是 化合物，是 核酸 RNA 和 DNA的 构建单元。
# English-Chinese/Nucleic acid

Nucleic acids are large molecules where genetic information is stored. There are two types of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid, better known as DNA and ribonucleic acid, better known as RNA.
核酸 是 储存 遗传信息的 大分子。有 两种 类型的 核酸：脱氧核糖核酸，通常 被称为 DNA；核糖核酸，通常 被称为 RNA。
# English-Chinese/Nutrient

A nutrient is either a chemical element or compound used in an organism's metabolism or physiology. A nutrient is essential to an organism if it cannot be produced by the organism and must be obtained from a food source.
营养素 是 一种 化学元素 或 用于 生物体 新陈代谢 或 生理学中的 化合物。如果 有机体 不能 生产 并且 必须 从 食物来源 获得，那么 营养素 对于 有机体 是 必不可少的。
# English-Chinese/Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland

Northern Ireland shares a border to the south and west with the Republic of Ireland.
北爱尔兰的南部和西部与爱尔兰共和国接壤。
# CSIR NET

The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) NET is a national level entrance examination examination in India for the Award of Junior Research Fellowship (JRF) NET and appointment for Lecturer (NET).

## Papers

| Pattern Part A - Common for All Part B - Subject Related MCQs Part C - Subject Related MCQs | Subjects Physical science Chemical Science Mathematical sciences Earth science life sciences |

## Resources

* CSIR official Website

## Previous Questions

* CSIR Papers and Answer Keys

## Related Exams

* GATE
* UGC NET
* BINC
# CSV2Chart/CSV2JSON

The following code defines a function that parses a CSV (Comma-separated values) file provided as string to the JSON (JavaScript Object Notation) and adds a default color and a default title to each column for the curve to the JSON.

## Learning Task

Perform an analysis of the following code:
* The CSV was loaded with LoadFile4DOM into the browser. How is the loaded string split into lines and how are the line split into the values in the cells.
* The spreadsheet document might not have number in all cells and therefore the cells may not exist if the CSV is not of an rectangular format. How does code (currentline[j] || " ") replace undefined cell elements in currentline[j].

## Advanced Libraries

The code shows a basic approach to parsing CSV string from a file. In CSV2Chart a JQuery plugin was used in AppLSAC.
* (Parsing with JQuery Plugin) See jquery_csv.js for the imported library in CSV2Chart.
* (From CSV to JSON) See CSV2JSON converter which was generated to populate the JSON in the JSON editor consistently to the defined JSON Schema.
* (JSON for MorrisJS) The graph generator MorrisJS for previewing the generated data need again a different JSON format. The MorrisJS-JSON is also generated from JSON in the JSON editor. The MorrisJS-JSON is generated by the library json2morris.js.
* (Other Chart Javascript Libraries) In this learning resource as an example the library morris.js was used. Select another Chart generating Javascript Libraries like
   * chart.js
   * d3.js

## Learning Tasks - Programming

* (Render with Other Chart Libraries) Create your chart export from the CSV data for other libraries like chart.js or d3.js and publish your results e.g. on a GitLab Repository and replace the json2morris.js by your library json2d3.js or json2chart.js.
* (Output Rendering) Analyze the output rendering in the Wiki format by adapting the template of Handlebars4Code stored in template4json_tpl.js. Can you adapted the output template to other output formats, e.g. a HTML page for the a specific output syntax of D3.js.
# COVID-19 related censorship

This article by Dan Polansky intends to collect, at a minimum, further reading on COVID-19 related censorship. Other kind of material will be added if time allows.
# CSS/Grid

There are several ways of creating a grid layout: Using display:grid on the parent element, using display:inline-block, using float:left, using column-width, and using an old-fashioned table. Some of these examples have links to archived pages where said method has been implemented.

## display:grid

This method is supported in browsers since early 2017. It automatically applies widths to child elements within a container, meaning a width does not need to be specified for the child elements.
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
Style sheet:

## display:inline-block

The display:inline-block method is supported in browsers since the late 2000s. As an example, YouTube uses this method on its shelf layout on channel pages since around 2013, when it deprecated support for Internet Explorer 7, which does not support this method.
It works by specifying a width for the child elements. For example, for five elements per row, specify width:20%. For a constant width and a variable count of elments per row, specify a width in a constant unit such as width:200px.
Make sure to make the container element slightly wider than the child elements to leave a small margin room which prevents the last element in the row from being pushed in the row below. In this example, the list container is 50 pixels wide, and the grid boxes within are 20 pixels wide:
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
Style sheet:
Alternatively, the blocks can be made slightly narrower than the desired width of the fraction:

## Float

The float element was used by YouTube on its channel pages until early 2013 to maintain support for Internet Explorer 7. However, since floating is not intended for creating grid layouts, additional CSS parameters may be necessary to justify the content. For example, below the following grid, an additional "<div>" tag with "clear:both" had to be added to prevent the next element from being right next to the list instead of below.
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
Style sheet:

## Table

A table can be used to create a grid layout since the early days of graphical web browsers, but the number of elements per row can not adapt to screen width, and each row of items needs to be put inside a separate "<tr>" tag manually, which takes more effort.
Example use:
Legacy HTML:
| 1 | 2 |
| 3 | 4 |
| 5 | 6 |
With CSS:
| 1 | 2 |
| 3 | 4 |
| 5 | 6 |
Style sheet:

## column-width

The column-width property is popular for creating "waterfall" layouts with constant widths but variable heights per item. On Firefox and Chrome, it was implemented in the late 2000s with the respective -moz- and -webkit- vendor prefixes. The non-prefixed property column-width was first implemented in 2012 in Internet Explorer 10, then on Chrome 50 in 2015 and Firefox 50 in 2016.
Distinctly, the items are located in a vertical instead of a horizontal order.
* 1
* 2
* 3
* 4
* 5
* 6
Style sheet:
# CSS

CSS, short for Cascading Style Sheet, is a language used in web design to apply styles to web pages. CSS has a somewhat similar syntax to JavaScript. CSS can be used to easily edit and create styles for web pages and can be either directly incorporated into the web page or can be used by the web page externally. CSS is very efficient for sites, especially sites with many pages as it can be used to edit the style of multiple web pages, from easily editing only one document, in under a minute which would take sometimes more than 5 minutes by editing each web page one by one.

## Lessons

* Syntax
* Grid
* Exam Questions

## Activities

* Complete one or more of the following tutorials:
** Mozilla: CSS Basics
** HTML.net: CSS Tutorial

## See Also

* Internet Fundamentals/CSS
* Wikibooks: Cascading Style Sheets
* Web design
* Exam 98-383: Introduction to Programming using HTML and CSS
# CSS/Exam Questions

The following questions are to help you identify where you need more work or...
The questions are divided into beginner, intermediate and advanced sections.

## Beginner

* Write the CSS rule to achieve the following:
** Set the text colour of all paragraphs to #333333.
** Set the default fonts for your page to Arial as your first preference and Sans Serif as your second
** Set all h2 elements to use the size 2em
* Which CSS rule would make the content of the first division alone blue?
<style> p{ color:#333333;} </style>

## Intermediate

* What is the CSS selector used to select every element on the page (and why should you be careful using it?)
* Explain the values of the CSS display property (quite hard!)
* Discuss the pros and cons of a fixed-width layout versus a flexible layout.

## Advanced

* Identify 2 new properties that were introduced with CSS2
* Identify 2 new properties that should be introduced with CSS3
# CSS/Pagination

Implementing pagination purely in CSS is possible and simpler than in JavaScript, although functionally limited compared to JavaScript. It uses the :target selector and anchor links, where the default state of each page is being hidden. This gets overridden through :target on the selected page. The window might scroll to the position of the page container. No page is selected initially.
As of 2022, browser support for :target is wide.

## Pages

* Page 1
* Page 2
* Page 3
* Page 4
* Page 5

## Toggle

If the goal is simple element toggling, the :checked selector can already fullfill the purpose.
In the label tag, the for parameter refers to the ID of the check box it corresponds to. The check box may be hidden, but the label remains functional.
Note that the HTML check box needs to be located above the content area.
HTML:
Style sheet:
This text can be toggled using the HTML and CSS code above.
# Enterprise Resource Planning/Presales and Business Analysis/07
## Team Selling Roles

This is a lesson part of the module ERP Presales and Business Analysis out of the Open Source ERP/Executive Diploma course conducted by a private university.

## Topics

* For large presentation to large prospects having a team can be more impressive.
* However the team should have a team playing role comprising of combination of different skills and backup role especially to the presenter.
* Each role has specific function, such as the technical person answering technical questions, the marketing person sharing about market experiences, and the business development person giving ideas about new product strategy.

### Activities

* Publish your works in an attractive manner in your user page, stating your own views and findings providing links to your sources. Use the talk page here to score marks.
* Create or edit sub-pages of course materials within wikiversity.
* Discuss in the forum (link shall be provided) by offering your ideas and answering or comment on others' postings.
# Enterprise Resource Planning/Presales and Business Analysis/13
## Interviewing Key Personnel

This is a lesson part of the module ERP Presales and Business Analysis out of the Open Source ERP/Executive Diploma course conducted by a private university.

## Topics
### Activities

* Publish your works in an attractive manner in your user page, stating your own views and findings providing links to your sources. Use the talk page here to score marks.
* Create or edit sub-pages of course materials within wikiversity.
* Discuss in the forum (link shall be provided) by offering your ideas and answering or comment on others' postings.
# Enterprise Resource Planning/Presales and Business Analysis/05
## Users Want Functionality First

This is a lesson part of the module ERP Presales and Business Analysis out of the Open Source ERP/Executive Diploma course conducted by a private university.

## Topics

* A frightening number of IT projects "failed" - failed to meet budget, failed to meet deadlines and failed to meet user requirements.

### Discussion

* How many percent of IT projects fail and how many percent of ERP projects fail? Why the difference?
* Why is it important for enterprise systems (and thus, the professionals who implement them for enterprises) to meet user requirements?
* What is the difference between the "Client" and the "User"?
* In what ways can Open Source ERP professionals mitigate the risk of not meeting client/user requirements?

### Activities

* Publish your works in an attractive manner in your user page, stating your own views and findings providing links to your sources. Use the talk page here to score marks.
* Create or edit sub-pages of course materials within wikiversity.
* Discuss in the forum (link shall be provided) by offering your ideas and answering or comment on others' postings.
# Enterprise Resource Planning/Presales and Business Analysis/10
## Understanding the Client

This is a lesson part of the module ERP Presales and Business Analysis out of the Open Source ERP/Executive Diploma course conducted by a private university.

## Topics

* Understanding the client is so vital. Many deals are lost because we take for granted the client's needs and situation.
* Each client is different from another. They are all unique individuals in unique situations. To say right away "I know what you want" is risky.

### Activities

* Publish your works in an attractive manner in your user page, stating your own views and findings providing links to your sources. Use the talk page here to score marks.
* Create or edit sub-pages of course materials within wikiversity.
* Discuss in the forum (link shall be provided) by offering your ideas and answering or comment on others' postings.