OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Solidarity Economy in Latin America/MESSE

Location: Ecuador
Website: www.messe.ec
Social Media
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCaIv6IwVhSRnIuz9YAzbMfA
https://www.facebook.com/Movimiento-de-Econom%C3%ADa-Social-y-Solidaria-del-Ecuador-415800012357138/
Journalistic Resources:
https://www.economiasolidaria.org/recursos/biblioteca-nace-la-agenda-politica-del-messe-ecuador/
Academic Resources:
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/2399654419857719?journalCode=epcb

## Details of the Work
### Goals or Focus

With a national presence, MESSE articulates, shares and strengthens the initiatives of actors with practices and experiences of the solidarity economy

### Partnerships

Inter-American Foundation

### Values

distribution, redistribution, reciprocity, complementary, respect for nature, associativity, democracy, participation, self-management, dialogue of knowledge, valuation of work, honesty, interculturality

### General Category

Political organizing, Education

### Timeframe

2007
# Student Projects/Chemistry in cooking

We all cooked many times in kitchen.But we never think of science behind it.All materials which we are using for cooking food are made up of chemicals.It may be a rice,bread,vegetables,salt,sugar,etc.the kitchen is completely like lab.It also involves the heating,cooling,freesing,blending,etc.The food is prepared through reaction between the things used.
# Student Projects/Chemistry in daily life

CHEMISTRY IN DAILY LIFE
Chemistry is the scientific study of the structure of the substance ,chemical reactions and origin of the elements.chemistry play an important role in everyday life not only for livind things and also for nonliving things.It also includes chemical reactions , equations,phenomenon,properties of element.The chemistry starts working from ion to compounds.
It is the branch of natural sience.chemistry tells about how the atoms and the chemical bond works.There are four types of chemical bonds namely,
* Covalent bond
* Ionic bond
* Hydrogen bond
There are five types of chemistry namely,
* Organic chemistry
* Inorganic chemistry
* Analytical chemistry
* Physical chemistry
* Biochemistry
IMPORTANCE OF CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
ELEMENTS IN HUMAN;We known that human body is made up of 60% of water remaining it is made up of elements like nitrogen,carbon,hydrogen etc it means there is a chemistry in human body. COOKING;Chemistry explains how food changes as we cook it ,how it rots,how to preserve food,how our body uses the food eats. MEDICINE;From chemistry we can understand how vitamins,supplements,and drugs can help or harm us,chemistry lies in developing and testing new medical treatment . CLEANING;We use Chemistry to help decide what cleaner is best for dishes ,laundry,your self and home . We use chemistry when use bleaches and soap. INDUSTRY and TRANSPORT;From cloth mills,lather factory ,petroleum chemical industry all use numerous fuels for power generation and chemical products for processing their products and improve the equality and produce pollution. AGRICULTURE;Fertilizer are extensively used by farmers to restore the fertility of soil .Pesticides are used to protect the crop during farming and preserve the grains from pests,rats. HEALTH CARE;The diagnostic tests Carried out in laboratory,prognostic estimation ,pills,vaccines,antibodies play very vital role in healthy monitoring ,control of disease in alleviating the suffering of the humanity.
# Student Projects/Blood
## BLOOD

It is type of connective tissue also known as fluid connective tissue .
Which helps in transportation of particles to different parts of the body. Human blood is red in colour.

## CONSTITUENTS OF BLOOD

It consists of plasma and formed elements.

### PLASMA

About 50% of blood is plasma.
It is a colourless fluid containing about 90% water and other 10% contains substances like lipids, minerals, glucose, amino acids and proteins. (Albumin, Globulin, Fibrinogen)
Where ,
Albumins - Maintain osmotic potential
Globulin - Function as defence mechanism
Fibrinogen - Helps in blood coagulation

### FORMED ELEMENTS

there are 3 formed elements
1.RBC
2. WBC
3.PLATELETS

#### 1. RBC - Red Blood Corpuscles

They also called Erythrocytes.These are anucleated biconcave shaped cells containing a pigment called haemoglobin(iron containing protein complex) which is the reason for the red colour of the blood. Synthesis of rbc takes place in red bone marrow and die in spleen after 120 days.
A healthy person contains 14-16gm of haemoglobin in1mm of blood.
FUNCTION: Helps in carrying oxygen to different parts of the body.

#### 2. WBC - White Blood Corpuscles

They are also called Leukocytes.Blood normally contains 6k - 8k cells per mm cube. These are nucleated cells lacking haemoglobin makes them colourless.They are divided into two types
I) GRANULOCYTES
Eosinophil
Basophil
Neutrophil
II) AGRANULOCYTES
Monocytes
Lymphocyte

##### 1) GRANULOCYTES

EOSINOPHIL: These are bilobed cells Consists of 2-3 % of WBC. they have affinity towards acid stains.
FUNCTION:
Resist any kind of infection and respond to allergic reactions.
BASOPHILS:
These are trilobed cells consists of 0.5-1% of WBC.They have affinity towards basic stains.
They also secrete serotonin and histamine.
Histamine - Increases blood flow to tissue during inflammation.
Histamine and Serotonin - Prevent blood clotting
FUNCTION: Associated with allergic reactions.
NEUTROPHILS:
These are trilobed cells consists of 60-65% of WBC.
They have affinity towards both acids and bases.
FUNCTION: Phagocytic in nature.

##### 2) AGRANULOCYTES

MONOCYTES
Huge round cells with Bean shaped nucleus consists of 6-8% of WBC.
FUNCTION : Phagocytic in nature.
LYMPHOCYTES
Small round cells with large spherical nucleus consists of 20-25% of WBC. They are further divided into T-lymphocytes and B-Lymphocytes.
FUNCTION : Responsible for immune responses of the body.

#### 3.PLATELETS

They are also called as leukocytes they are fragments of megakaryocytes of bone marrow.Blood normally contains 150k - 350k platelets per mm cube.
FUNCTION: Helps in blood coagulation.

#### reference

https://en.m.wikiversity.org/wiki/Student_Projects/Blood
# Student Projects/British in India

British In India The British is said to have ruled India for almost 200 years. Starting out as a small company based in London, they secured monopolised trade in the East with the help of the Charter Act given by the Queen Elizabeth 1.
Traders in India
The English East India Company were, however, not the only powers from the Europe that went around the world searching for places to secure raw materials and trade goods. It is extremely famous a narration that the Portuguese explorer, Vasco da Gama discovered the sea route to India in 1498 when he stepped foot in the shores of Calicut. Soon the Dutch, English, French followed. The trade battles soon started among the various European powers to gain sole right to trade within India. Sinking each other’s ships and destroying and stealing goods were the first few methods they resorted to establish supremacy over one another. The exotic, rich, fragrant and colourful spices of India were always a leading product supplied to Europe. Cotton, Indigo, silk and other raw materials were also exported from India to the European market. To secure their hold in the competition, the East India Company secured various trade agreements with the Indian rulers. The Company soon started bribing various officials to gain the upperhand over trade. Soon, they began meddling with the administration and governance of provinces to support their trade and increase their profits. The Battle of Plassey in 1757, established a supremacy of the British in India.
1857- Strengthening British Power
A hundred years later, Indians fought their First war of Independence in 1857, which was termed the 1857 revolt or the Sepoy Mutiny by the British. The war was a reaction of the Indians to the various policies and reforms brought in by the British in India.
Reasons for the Revolt
There were many political, social, religious, military and economic factors that led the battle of 1857. The Doctrine of Lapse brought in by Lord Dalhousie, the annexation of Oudh on the pretext of misgovernance, social reforms like abolishment of Sati and remarriage of widows, prevention of polygamy, introduction of English language education, conversion of Christianity, introduction of General Service Enlistment Act, the exorbitant revenue collected by the British officials are many of the reasons for the discontentment among the Indians.
Failure
Though, the revolt was unsuccessful because of lack of planning, organisation and no proper leadership, it is an important event in the history of India. It also made the British cautious about their future steps in India and made them take necessary precautions to avoid such an uproar. Thus, the traders eventually became the rulers of the country.
# Student Projects/Bhuj Earthquake

BHUJ EARTHQUAKE

#### what' is earthquake?''

Earthquake is due to the exertion of force which is caused due to the collision of two convergent plates and also due to volcanic eruption,also because of human interventions like constructing reservoir, nuclear explosion and mining activities.

##### Earthquake in India

on 26th jan 2001, a village named Bhuj in Gujarat, India has faced a severe earthquake in history of India. which has recorded as 7.7 magnitude in Richter scale it is one of the deadliest natural disaster which resulted in great loss of lives and damage to the properties.
The cause for the earthquake was due to the movement of Indo-Eurasian plates and due to the human activities like constructing reservoirs and digging many bore wells.
# Power System Protection

Welcome to the Home page for Electrical Protection
In this course we will discuss Protection of Electrical equipment from Dangerous Over Voltages or Short Circuit Faults using Protection systems ( such as Protective Relays; Circuit Breakers etc… ). At the end of this course the student is expected to be familiar with the Principles of Protective Systems and their application in real life.
You are advised to read carefully through given material and attempt all quiz/questionnaires in this course and don't forget to follow necessary safety code that will be outlined in this course. We hope you will enjoy this course in Electrical Engineering.

## Course Outcomes

At the end of this course the student is expected to be comfortable with the following:
* Faults and Fault Calculation
* Fuses and their Application
* Current Transformers ( CT's )
* Voltage Transformers ( VT's )
* Time Graded Overcurrent Protection
* Application of Overcurrent Protection Systems

## Prerequisites

The following courses are considered important for the student to be at ease with material that will be covered in this course:
* Protective Relays
* Electrical Machines
* Power Systems

## Organization

This course consists of:
* 7 Lessons → [ 7 weeks ]
* 1 Quiz Test → [ 1 Day ]
All the above Span about 7 weeks. Plan your time wisely, by starting a journal and track your progress. If you work consistently and keep to your planned Study Time, you will Do Very well in this course.
Here are some of the resources available to Help you understand and make better used of this personal Learning Experience:
* History of free learning
* Learning by doing
* How to use wiki technology as a free learner

## Lessons

* Introduction
* Fuses
* Faults
* Current Transformers
* Voltage Transformers
* Over currents
* Applications

## Resources

Wikiversity has a respectable body of content related to this course, you are advised to use the resources wisely to achieve your success. This course includes a formula sheet that can help you remember important Formulae and principles.Do not rely on the formula sheet entirely without understanding course material.
# Power Supply Testing/Tutorial on reducing the size of the gray wire in a safe way
## Removing the Gray wire in a safety way

    1. The power supply must be OFF.
    2. Open the power supply.
    3. Locate the gray wire.locate gray wire
    4. With the wire strippers reduce the size of the gray wire. reducing the size of the gray wire.
    5. For safety reasons with electrical tape, tape the remaining of the gray wire. gray wire with electrical tape
    6. Now one can proceed working on the power supply.
* Taping the gray wire correctly is very important
# Power Supply Testing/Tutorial on preparing the multimeter for start measuring the voltage
## Tutorial on setting up the multimeter for start measuring the voltage

    1. Get the Multimeter get a multimeter
    2. Get the Red and black voltmeter probe cable voltmeter probe cables
    3. Plug them in the multimeter. The Black voltmeter probe cable needs to be plugged in the "COM" which stands for "COMMON". The Red voltmeter probe cable needs to be plugged in the "VΩmA" Black voltmeter probe cable plugged in the "COM" the Red voltmeter probe cable plugged in the "VΩmA"
    4.Turn on the multimeter to 20 Direct Current Voltage turning the multimeter to 20 direct current
    5. One is ready to take measure voltage by touching two points in the circuit. A negative number means that the electromotive force is higher where the black probe is touching.
# Power Supply Testing/Tutorial on reducing the size of the the purple wire safety
## Reducing the size of the purple wire in a safe way

    1. The power supply must be OFF.
    2. Open the power supply.
    3. Locate the purple wire.
    4. With the wire strippers reduce the size of the purple wire. reducing the size of the purple wire
    5. With electrical tape, tape the remaining of the purple wire. purple wire taped
    6. One can proceed working on the power supply.
* Taping the purple wire correctly is very important
# Power Supply Testing/Tutorial on removing the power supply from the computer

    1. Get the computer case. computer case
    2. Open the lid and disconnect all the wires that are attach to the power supply disconnect all wires
    3. Remove all screws attach to the power supply remove screws
    4. Pull the power supply and your ready to work with it.
# Power Supply Testing/Tutorial to drill holes on the power supply shield

    1. Remove the power supply shield shield
    2. Put the power supply shield on the vise grip shield in the grip
    3. Get a cup of oil. oilnot water
    4. Put a small drill bit in the drill. Adjust it so that is tight. Dip it in the cup of oil.
    5. Start drilling until one makes a hole. small hole
    6. Change the drill bit. Increase the size. Dip it in oil
    7. Start drilling a bigger hole. drill a bigger hole
    8. Change the drill bit. Increase the size. Dip it in oil
    9. Start drilling bigger hole than previous one. even bigger hole
    10. Change the drill bit. Increase the size. Dip it in oil
    11. Make the last hole (the hole should be as big to fit the bin post) final hole
    12. Put the bin post put the bin post
    13. Repeat steps 4-12 four more times to make the five holes. 5 bin posts
# Power Supply Testing/Tutorial on measuring the voltage with the multimeter

    1. Turn off the power supply.
    2. With the wire strippers remove the insulation from two wires. (One of the wires must be the black wire because its voltage is 0). Removing insulation from the black wireRemoving the insulation from the other wire Wires without insulation
    3. Turn on the multimeter to 20 in the DC.
    4. The black cable from the multimeter: place it near the black wire.
    5. The red cable from the multimeter: place it near the other wire.
    6. Tape them. Taping them
    7. Turn on the power supply Turning the power supply on
    8. Record your observation. Measuring the voltage correctlyMeasuring the voltage incorrectly — don't touch with your hands

## Measurements

* white and yellow wires: 12 volts
* blue wire: -12 volts
* red wires: 5 volts
* orange wires 3.3 volts
* black wires: 0 volts
# Ten stupid things beginners do to mess up their contradance experience/Not Asking Questions
## 8. Not Asking Questions.

If you don't understand a figure (or know it by name), it's better to ask another dancer than to repeatedly get it wrong and get frustrated about it. Good times to ask are: while couples are lining up before the dance is taught, during the dance when you and your partner are “out” at the top or bottom (note that this time is much shorter if this is a “double progression” dance), or immediately after the dance. You can even ask a question verbally during a swing or other figure that gets you close enough to someone long enough to ask the question and then get an answer.
Contents | Next
# Ten stupid things beginners do to mess up their contradance experience/Sitting out Dances
## 5. Sitting out Dances.

This is something to be cautious about, particularly at the start of the evening. Usually, callers will begin the night with easy dances (and will design their beginners workshops to teach the figures of the first dance or two to make them easier), and then move on to more involved and challenging dances as the evening progresses. Sitting out a dance early in the evening means you won't get the practice doing the figures you've already learned, and may also mean not getting the instruction on a new figure that will recur later in the evening. It's really a bad idea to "just watch until you get the idea"; there's a strong kinesthetic component in learning this dance, and it looks discouragingly more difficult and chaotic than it actually is.
Of course, if you're worn out or dizzy and need to sit out, by all means sit out. Just pay attention to the instruction that's going on so you'll have some idea of what to do when you join the dance again and that new figure is called again.
Contents | Next
# Ten stupid things beginners do to mess up their contradance experience

by Blain Nelson and other contributors

### Preface

The purpose of this document is to help beginning contradancers have a positive experience so that, hopefully, more of them will choose to stick with the dance form and build the contradance community. It seeks to do so by pointing out some of the common patterns beginners fall into that lead to less-than-satisfactory experiences and the decision to leave the dance form too quickly.
While the title labels these as Stupid Things, that's as much to create a snappy title as it is a fair description. They don't require much stupidity in practice, and many intelligent people have done them. The reasons they are chosen are quite understandable, but they remain counterproductive and rather easily avoidable if given the information this document intends to present. Some of them are listed to create a list of ten things, rather than because they're stupid, and those sections still have information useful to the beginner.
Oh, and there are more than 10 things listed. This really doesn't break anything. You'll see.
The Stupid Things are presented in the approximate order they will occur in the dance experience, with the first two taking place before the dance starts, and the rest happening during the dance.

### Table of contents

* Dressing Impractically
* Skipping the Beginners Workshop
* Waiting to Be Asked
* Sticking to Beginner Friends
* Sitting out Dances
* Getting Too Fancy Too Quickly
* Tolerating Bad Behavior from Other Dancers
* Not Asking Questions
* Not Counting
* Leaving Too Early
* Expecting Perfection

## Printable versions

A pamphlet version of this advice
# Ten stupid things beginners do to mess up their contradance experience/Dressing Impractically
## 1. Dressing Impractically.
### Clothing

Contradance is a very active aerobic dance form. You will be moving more-or-less constantly for 10-20 minutes for each dance sequence, so you will get warm and, consequently, sweat. Clothing that is tight, restrictive or overly warm is likely to get uncomfortable very quickly. You will notice experienced dancers dressing in response to this – women in sun dresses or light skirts (that whirl up during circular figures), women and men in shorts, and men in kilts, utili-kilts and skirts (which also whirl up during circular figures). Bike shorts under skirts can be comfortable. There are lots of options that will leave you drier and more comfortable if you plan ahead a little bit.

### Shoes

Also, it's important that shoes be soft-soled and clean to protect the surface of the floor. Jazz-shoes, ghillies, ballet shoes and other kinds of dance-friendly shoes can be found in stores (especially those that cater to square-dancers) or on-line. Many dancers take comfortable, supportive shoes, like athletic shoes, and have them re-soled for dancing at a shoe repair shop: they can grind down the sole and put dance leather on the bottom. Others like to dance in bowling shoes. If you're going to be dancing very much, good dancing shoes are a good investment. You can step the equivalent of several miles of walking in an evening of contradancing, and doing that in the wrong kind of shoes can be like hiking several miles in the wrong shoes – painful for you and also destructive to the dance floor.
If you're dancing in shoes you've worn on the street, it's important to use a stiff brush (usually provided at the dance) to brush off small bits of grit or sand that might be clinging on them -- these little bits add up to a considerable amount of abrasion on the finish of the dance floor.
Contents | Next
# Ten stupid things beginners do to mess up their contradance experience/Expecting Perfection
## 11. Expecting Perfection

As elsewhere in life, perfection in contradance is an elusive goal. This is because it's impossible, so it's very good at eluding those who seek it.
You're not going to be perfect right off the bat, and nobody expects you to be perfect. Experienced dancers have experienced beginners many times before, and even experienced dancers goof up sometimes. Most dances will have a figure or two that is very forgiving (like a circle, a partner swing, or "long lines forward and back") which gives you a bit of time to get to where you're supposed to be and be ready for the next figure after you've blown something. Try not to worry about what just didn't work that instant. Do NOT try to do the figure again right then -- the music and other dancers have moved on. Try again THE NEXT TIME instead.
Now, when I said "nobody expects you to be perfect," that means that expecting anybody else to be perfect is a waste of your time. The solution to someone else's mistake is the same as the solution to your own mistake -- move on as quickly and smoothly as you can to the place that you can catch up with the dance and then you'll be fine -- except that it's a little more important that you smile or laugh and make it clear that you're not offended (even if you are, a little). Consider it a chance to get over yourself just a little bit so you can get back to enjoying the dancing, which is always a good thing. "Don't take life so serious. It ain't no how perm'nint!"
Contents