OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# What Matters/Altruism
## Altruism

Altruism is a concern for the welfare of others. It is a traditional virtue in many cultures, and a core aspect of various religious traditions, though the concept of 'others' toward whom concern should be directed can vary among cultures and religions. Altruism is synonymous with the virtue of generosity and is the opposite of selfishness.
Altruism is a human motivation related to empathy, justice, duty, and care.
Alfie Kohn concludes his book on altruism with these sentences:
After spending years assisting Maurice, who was a 12-year old panhandler when they met, Laura Schroff said: “Everything I ever gave to Maurice, he gave back to me tenfold. Every meal, every shirt, every bike or toothbrush was matched by Maurice with a more genuine appreciation than I have ever known.”

### Assignment:

* Watch this TED talk on How to let altruism be your guide.
* Pledge to follow the golden rule.
* Complete the Wikiveristy course on Doing Good.

### Suggestions for further reading:

* Schroff, Laura; Tresniowski, Alex (2011). An Invisible Thread: The True Story of an 11-Year-Old Panhandler, a Busy Sales Executive, and an Unlikely Meeting with Destiny. Howard Books. pp. 272. ISBN 978-1451642513.
* Kohn, Alfie (1992). The Brighter Side Of Human Nature: Altruism And Empathy In Everyday Life. Basic Books. pp. 416. ISBN 978-0465007585.
* Gensler, Harry J. (2013). Ethics and the Golden Rule. Routledge. pp. 256. ISBN 978-0415806879.
* Ridley, Matt (1996). The Origins of Virtue. United Kingdom: Viking (Penguin Books). pp. 295. ISBN 0-670-86357-2.
* (Evaluate the book: The Heart of Altruism )
# What Matters/Authenticity
## Authenticity

We are being authentic when our words, beliefs, actions, goals, and results are aligned with who we are—our self. It is a congruence between our actions and our strengths, values, and goals. We become authentic when the path we choose through life is congruent with who we are. It is a congruence between who we are and what we do. An authentic choice is a decision congruent with doing your best.
Because truth is correspondence with reality, we must embrace reality and be truthful to be authentic. We must be authentic to be trustworthy.
Abraham Maslow realized: “Musicians must make music, artists must paint, poets must write if they are to be ultimately at peace with themselves.” Find your strength and apply it.

### Assignment:

* Seek out your authentic self.
** Complete the Wikiversity course on Unmasking the True Self.
** Seek true beliefs.
* Make authentic choices.
* Increase your candor.
* Become more trustworthy.
** Complete the course on Earning Trust.
* Seek real good.
* Answer this question: If you had all the time and all the money in the world, what would you do?
** How can you do that now?
* Write the eulogy you would like to have delivered at your funeral. Work to make those words true.

### Suggestions for further reading:

* Robinson, Ken; Lou Aronica (2009). The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything. Penguin. pp. 288. ISBN 978-0143116738.
* The Four Agreements: A Practical Guide to Personal Wisdom (A Toltec Wisdom Book), 1997, Don Miguel Ruiz, Amber-Allen Publishing, ISBN 978-1-878424-31-0
* Deci, Edward L.; Richard Flaste (1996). Why We Do What We Do: Understanding Self-Motivation. Penguin. pp. 240. ISBN 978-0140255263.
* Brown, Brene (2010). The Gifts of Imperfection: Let Go of Who You Think You're Supposed to Be and Embrace Who You Are. Hazelden. pp. 160. ISBN 978-1592858491.
* Hofstadter, Douglas R. (2008). I Am a Strange Loop. Basic Books. pp. 436. ISBN 978-0465030798.
# Survey research and design in psychology/Assessment/Survey
## Surveys

These surveys were designed for use by an undergraduate psychology class (Survey Research and Design in Psychology, 2005-2018):
* Time and Stress Questionnaire for University Students v.1 (TSQFUS1)
* The University Student Satisfaction and Time Management Questionnaire v.9 (TUSSTMQ9)
* The University Student Motivation & Satisfaction Questionnaire v.2 (TUSMSQ2)
Students used these surveys to collect data, entry data, and conduct analyses for a lab report.

## Using these surveys

These instruments and their items are free to use, adapt etcetera under a Creative Commons Attribution International 4.0 license.
However, be aware that the surveys in their current format are intentionally designed to not be "perfect" so that emerging scholars studying subjects such as "Survey research and design in psychology" can collect data and then practice exploratory factor analysis .
There is also intentionally no scoring key . Factor analysis is recommended to help determine the underlying factor structure and to identify which items to use to calculate composite scores. In other words, there is a latent structure, but you'll need to work it out. For example, for university student motivation, see these suggestions. Composite scores representing underlying constructs can then be used for descriptive statistics and hypothesis testing.

## Psychometrics

There are no reported psychometrics for newly developed items and scales in these survey instruments. Where intact, previously published measures were included, psychometrics may be available.
Users of these surveys should be prepared to conduct their own psychometric analyses (factor structure, reliability, and validity) based on their own samples.
# Bash programming/Bash command-line completion

Support for bash completion feature is provided in Debian and Ubuntu distribution by the bash completion package. Once installed you also usually need to uncomment the following in /etc/bash.bashrc and/or .bashrc files to source the bash completion files. The following example is from /etc/bash.bashrc:
MacOS also support autocompletion in bash, create or add the following lines to file: ~/.inputrc
If you need autocompletion for your ssh hostname, you should modify your ~./.bash_profile file, using the builtins complete and compgen commands or install bash-completion package.
* ↑ https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/12356/how-does-tab-auto-complete-find-options-to-complete
* ↑ https://timleland.com/how-to-enable-autocomplete-in-mac-terminal/
* ↑ https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/136351/autocomplete-server-names-for-ssh-and-scp
# Bash programming/Bash History

Bash Command history feature allows to recall, edit and rerun previous commands. Also allows commands to be saved using the history -a command.
Variables to control Bash History:
* HISTFILE: The default value is ~/.bash_history
* HISTFILESIZE
* HISTTIMEFORMAT

## Usage

* Basic example:
    export PROMPT_COMMAND='history -a'
* Advanced examples:
** echo 'export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%d/%m/%y %T "' >> ~/.bash_profile
** export PROMPT_COMMAND='if [ "$(id -u)" -ne 0 ]; then echo "$(date "+%Y-%m-%d.%H:%M:%S") $(pwd) $(history 1)" >> ~/.logs/bash-history-$(date "+%Y-%m-%d").log; fi'
** Sending history to syslog (needs recompiling source): Bash also support syslog capabilities at compiling time but it is not enabled by default in most distributions: https://github.com/bminor/bash/blob/d233b485e83c3a784b803fb894280773f16f2deb/config-top.h

## Logging

If you wish to keep a record of your commands, you can configure bash to write a log file of entered commands.
Logging can be set up automatically by running these commands:
* The first line creates a configuration file for rsyslog contaning the log file destination /var/log/commands.log, which may be changed as desired. The >>/dev/null part prevents redundantly outputting the text into the command line window.
* The second adds the log line definition export PROMPT_COMMAND='RETRN_VAL=$?;logger -p local6.debug "$(whoami) $(tty) $(pwd) [$$]: $(history 1 | sed "s/^[ ]*[0-9]\+[ ]*//" ) [$RETRN_VAL]"' to ~/.bashrc, which runs upon each start of the terminal.
* The third line restarts the rsyslog service to make the changes effective.

## Activities

* Install https://github.com/ohmybash bash customization
# Bash programming/Conditional statements
### if...elif...else...fi Example

The following will check the arguments passed and print the first argument.
This program demonstrates a few things of note. The first is the construction of the if, elif, else ladder. Note that it is terminated by "fi" (if spelled backwards), a command that serves as an "endif" if you will.
Also, this program demonstrates one way to get the number of parameters or arguments passed to the script when it was called. It is common to pass arguments or parameters to scripts as one often does with programs:
This demonstrates passing three arguments to the script, and the variable $# would be set to 3.
This script also demonstrates one way to test variables, within the [ ] construct and using the -gt (greater than) operator. Other options include -lt (less than), -ne (not equal to), -ge (greater than or equal to), and many others.
Though, the use of the [ ] construct is widely popular, the new [[ ]] bash construct should be preferred as it is more resilient and less error-prone. The following is the same script as above but with the [[ ]] construct.

### if... check Null variable example

Both examples are equivalente and check for a null variable:
Note that there must be a space on each side of the brackets, unless there is a non-word-constituent character like ";")
# Bash programming/Interactive input

Taking user input is invaluable when writing an application. Receiving and interpreting a user's input is a simple task in Bash scripting. All that is needed is to declare a variable to read, and use it for something. An easy way to explain this would be to ask for a user's name, and display it. We will use read built-in command:
In this simple program, there is the command echo, which prints out a string (the part in quotes), as well as a newline. read gets user input (terminated by a newline), and stores this input into the variable NAME. In the final echo, the ${NAME} is used to tell bash that it's value should be inserted in the string at that location.
# Bash programming/Variables

Variables in Bash Scripts are untyped and declared on definition. Bash also supports some basic type declaration using the declare option, and bash variables are case sensitive.

## Example declaration

The following example script defines and uses a variable named HELLO to print "Hello world.":
In this example the variable is referenced using brace expansion
As you can see, you do not need to declare the variable or its type before defining it. In fact, neither are supported in Bash Scripting.
To set a variable, you simply write the name of the variable, in this case "HELLO", immediately follow it with an equal sign, and immediately follow that with whatever data you want to set it to. There cannot be a space between the variable name and the equal sign, nor can there be a space after the equal sign. That is, the following variable definitions will not set the variable correctly:
To use a variable, you simply preceed it with a dollar sign ($). For example, to use the variable FILENAME, you could write:
which, after substitution, would simply run the command:
Another way to reference variables in Bash Scripts is by using the dollar sign and enclosing it in curly-braces (), called brace expansion. The preceeding example would then be:
This is the preferred way of referencing variables in Bash Scripts, since it explicitly defines the limit of the variable name. To see where these braces are crucial, consider the following example where you want to rename a file named "temp.log" to "temp.log2":
This script would not accomplish your goal of renaming the file, since the interpreter would not understand that the second argument to the cp command was intended to be $FILENAME followed by a 2. Instead, it would try to replace it with a variable named $FILENAME2.
Using the preferred method of referencing, this is not a problem. The preceeding example would now be:
Which would indeed accomplish your goal of renaming the file.
Also note that variable names do not have to be upper-case. Although this convention is quite popular, it is not necessary. Also remember that variables are, however, case-sensitive.
You can also read additional information about how to concatenate variables.

## Readings

* Bash Guide for Beginners - 3.2 Variables
* Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide: Chapter 4. Introduction to Variables and Parameters
# Bash programming/Loops

Loops are an essential part to many programming languages, and this holds true for Bash scripting as well.

### For Loop

A simple way to incorporate a loop into a Bash script would look like this:
This loop would take the input from the user and separate it by the IFS (Internal File Separator). It would then the variable i to each value, and execute the commands inside the loop. In this case, the only command inside the loop is the echo command.
By default, the IFS contains the space character and newline character, so if the user were to enter "Jim Joe John", the program would output:
Another example with a sequence of numbers using improved brace expansion operator, improved in Bash version 3.0 on July 2004:

### While Loop

On systems without support for brace expansion, sequential numbers may be printed out using the seq command, but it creates new lines which may be undesirable. A while loop can be used to print a sequence of numbers in a single line:
For more information you can check:
* Bash Guide for Beginners: The while loop
* Advanced Bash-Scripting Guide: Chapter 11. Loops and Branches
* POSIX standard

### While Loop reading lines / Iterating on lines

See also how to embed newlines in a string: https://superuser.com/a/284226
# Bash programming/Parsing Command-Line Arguments

Parsing command-line argument can be done at least using three different methods
* Using getopt[s]
* Bash Space-Separated (e.g., --option argument) (without getopt[s])
* Bash Equals-Separated (e.g., --option=argument) (without getopt[s])
Basic usage template:
# Bash programming/Subshells

Subshells are one way for a programmer to capture (usually with the intent of processing) the output from a program or script. Commands to be run inside a subshell are enclosed inside single parentheses and preceeded by a dollar sign:
which is an unnecessary complication of simply typing "ls -l". However, this complication would be necessary if the programmer wanted to evaluate the output, or otherwise modify it, rather than simply presenting it to the user.
What is going on here is the script first takes the command or commands inside the subshell, in this case "ls -l" and runs it in it's own instance of the shell. The output (stdout) is not sent to the user, but rather, in this case, stored in the variable DIRCONTENTS.
Later, the programmer chooses to echo DIRCONTENTS but he could have checked it for the presence of a certain substring, ran a search and replace on it then displayed it, or extracted important information and discarded the rest.
In another example, a common way to loop through each file in a directory is to use the following for loop:
To understand what is going on here, one first needs to understand the output of the subshell. This find command returns a newline separated list of file location that match the criteria (in this case, files that are in that directory or it's subdirectories that end with ".sh"). Next, this return is used in the for loop such that for every matching file, the variable FILE is set to it's path, which is used in the body of the for loop. In this case, the path is passed as an argument to cat, which displays the contents of the file.cation that match the criteria (in this case, files that are in that directory or it's subdirectories that end with ".sh"). Next, this return is used in the for loop such that for every matching file, the variable FILE is set to it's path, which is used in the body of the for loop. In this case, the path is passed as an argument to cat, which displays the contents of the file.
# Advocacy in Technology and Society/Resources
### Topics

* Data and Society
* A People's History of the Internet
* Emerging Tech and Social Work
* Advocacy
# BCP/Saponaria officinalis

Saponaria officinalis
| A white-flowered variety Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Saponaria officinalis (Soapwort) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Upright herbaceous plantScent:Flowers are sweetly scentedLife Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs Jomegat 11:20, 22 June 2010 (UTC) Jomegat 12:31, 10 July 2010 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring, Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (invasive or naturalized) May, June, July, August, September, October New Hampshire: June, July, August , September October, November Central Pennsylvania: August September
Additional images:
# BCP/Saponaria officinalis/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Saponaria officinalis (Soapwort). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2007 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 17:27, 23 May 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 13:08, 27 May 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 23:49, 31 May 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:47, 3 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 15:33, 9 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:52, 18 June 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:17, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:22, 23 July 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 15:52, 4 August 2007 (UTC)
* SB Johnny-LM 10:27, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 18:48, 25 August 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:38, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 22:04, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 16:44, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 15:59, 12 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 18:00, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 17:21, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 07:04, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 17:06, 3 October 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 16:43, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 00:50, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

#### 2008 Logs

* --Jomegat 17:25, 27 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 22:59, 1 July 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:29, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 02:53, 15 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 17:11, 22 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 00:34, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 02:26, 13 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 20 August, 2008
* Jomegat 23:31, 4 September 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 17:56, 7 October 2008 (UTC)

#### 2009 Logs

* Jomegat 00:17, 15 July 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 02:48, 23 October 2009 (UTC)

##### Recent Logs

* Jomegat 11:20, 22 June 2010 (UTC)
* Jomegat 12:31, 10 July 2010 (UTC)
# BCP/Sassafras albidum

Sassafras albidum
| Illustration Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Sassafras albidum (Sassafras) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Medium sized tree or large shrubFoliage:Unlobed, lobed on one side (resembling a mitten), or on two sides (resembling a mitten with 2 thumbs) Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 09:15, 25 April 2008 (UTC) --Luai lashire 21:11, 28 April 2008 (UTC) --Luai lashire 21:11, 3 May 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Spring, Late Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) April, May Central Pennsylvania: April May
Additional images:
# BCP/Sanguinaria canadensis/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

#### Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).

#### 2007 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 13:35, 4 April 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:31, 12 April 2007 (UTC)
* SB_Johnny-LM 24 April, 2007 (from photographic log)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:33, 26 April 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 17:27, 29 April 2007 (UTC)

#### 2008 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 23:58, 9 April 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 19:24, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

##### Recent Logs

* Trinity507 00:09, 1 May 2010 (UTC)
# BCP/Sanguisorba minor

Salvia verticillata
| Inflorescences Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Sanguisorba minor (Salad Burnet) Identifying Characteristics Habit:GrasslandLife Cycle: PerennialSimilar Plants:Sanguisorba officinalis -- Turnvater Jahn 18:41, 20 May 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data:
Additional images:
# BCP/Sanguisorba minor/Logs

-- Turnvater Jahn 18:41, 20 May 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Sanguisorba tenuifolia

Sanguisorba tenuifolia
| Search for Sanguisorba tenuifolia on commons) Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Sanguisorba tenuifolia (Asian Burnet) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs SB Johnny-LM 08:26, 15 August 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) August
Additional images:
# BCP/Sanguisorba tenuifolia/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Sanguisorba tenuifolia (Asian Burnet). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* SB Johnny-LM 08:26, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Sassafras albidum/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Sassafras albidum (Sassafras). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2007 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 17:27, 29 April 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:26, 4 May 2007 (UTC)

#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 09:15, 25 April 2008 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 21:11, 28 April 2008 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 21:11, 3 May 2008 (UTC)