# Chemicals/Leads

A fresh surface of high purity lead on the left is silvery in appearance.

## Isotopes

| nuclide symbol | historic name | Z(p) | N(n) | isotopic mass (u) | half-life | decay mode(s) | daughter isotope(s) | nuclear spin | representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) | range of natural variation (mole fraction) |
| range of natural variation (mole fraction) |||
| $^{178}$Pb | | 82 | 96 | 178.003830(26) | 0.23(15) ms | | | 0+ | | |
| $^{179}$Pb | | 82 | 97 | 179.00215(21)# | 3# ms | | | 5/2−# | | |
| $^{180}$Pb | | 82 | 98 | 179.997918(22) | 4.5(11) ms | | | 0+ | | |
| $^{181}$Pb | | 82 | 99 | 180.99662(10) | 45(20) ms | α (98%) | $^{177}$Hg | 5/2−# | | |
| $^{181}$Pb | | 82 | 99 | 180.99662(10) | 45(20) ms | β$^+$ (2%) | $^{181}$Tl | 5/2−# | | |
| $^{182}$Pb | | 82 | 100 | 181.992672(15) | 60(40) ms [55(+40−35) ms] | α (98%) | $^{178}$Hg | 0+ | | |
| $^{182}$Pb | | 82 | 100 | 181.992672(15) | 60(40) ms [55(+40−35) ms] | β$^+$ (2%) | $^{182}$Tl | 0+ | | |
| $^{183}$Pb | | 82 | 101 | 182.99187(3) | 535(30) ms | α (94%) | $^{179}$Hg | (3/2−) | | |
| $^{183}$Pb | | 82 | 101 | 182.99187(3) | 535(30) ms | β$^+$ (6%) | $^{183}$Tl | (3/2−) | | |
| $^{183m}$Pb | | 94(8) keV | 94(8) keV | 94(8) keV | 415(20) ms | α | $^{179}$Hg | (13/2+) | | |
| $^{183m}$Pb | | 94(8) keV | 94(8) keV | 94(8) keV | 415(20) ms | β$^+$ (rare) | $^{183}$Tl | (13/2+) | | |
| $^{184}$Pb | | 82 | 102 | 183.988142(15) | 490(25) ms | α | $^{180}$Hg | 0+ | | |
| $^{184}$Pb | | 82 | 102 | 183.988142(15) | 490(25) ms | β$^+$ (rare) | $^{184}$Tl | 0+ | | |
| $^{185}$Pb | | 82 | 103 | 184.987610(17) | 6.3(4) s | α | $^{181}$Hg | 3/2− | | |
| $^{185}$Pb | | 82 | 103 | 184.987610(17) | 6.3(4) s | β$^+$ (rare) | $^{185}$Tl | 3/2− | | |
| $^{185m}$Pb | | 60(40)# keV | 60(40)# keV | 60(40)# keV | 4.07(15) s | α | $^{181}$Hg | 13/2+ | | |
| $^{185m}$Pb | | 60(40)# keV | 60(40)# keV | 60(40)# keV | 4.07(15) s | β$^+$ (rare) | $^{185}$Tl | 13/2+ | | |
| $^{186}$Pb | | 82 | 104 | 185.984239(12) | 4.82(3) s | α (56%) | $^{182}$Hg | 0+ | | |
| $^{186}$Pb | | 82 | 104 | 185.984239(12) | 4.82(3) s | β$^+$ (44%) | $^{186}$Tl | 0+ | | |
| $^{187}$Pb | | 82 | 105 | 186.983918(9) | 15.2(3) s | β$^+$ | $^{187}$Tl | (3/2−) | | |
| $^{187}$Pb | | 82 | 105 | 186.983918(9) | 15.2(3) s | α | $^{183}$Hg | (3/2−) | | |
| $^{187m}$Pb | | 11(11) keV | 11(11) keV | 11(11) keV | 18.3(3) s | β$^+$ (98%) | $^{187}$Tl | (13/2+) | | |
| $^{187m}$Pb | | 11(11) keV | 11(11) keV | 11(11) keV | 18.3(3) s | α (2%) | $^{183}$Hg | (13/2+) | | |
| $^{188}$Pb | | 82 | 106 | 187.980874(11) | 25.5(1) s | β$^+$ (91.5%) | $^{188}$Tl | 0+ | | |
| $^{188}$Pb | | 82 | 106 | 187.980874(11) | 25.5(1) s | α (8.5%) | $^{184}$Hg | 0+ | | |
| $^{188m1}$Pb | | 2578.2(7) keV | 2578.2(7) keV | 2578.2(7) keV | 830(210) ns | | | (8−) | | |
| $^{188m2}$Pb | | 2800(50) keV | 2800(50) keV | 2800(50) keV | 797(21) ns | | | | | |
| $^{189}$Pb | | 82 | 107 | 188.98081(4) | 51(3) s | β$^+$ | $^{189}$Tl | (3/2−) | | |
| $^{189m}$Pb | | 40(30)# keV | 40(30)# keV | 40(30)# keV | 1# min | β$^+$ (99.6%) | $^{189}$Tl | (13/2+) | | |
| $^{189m}$Pb | | 40(30)# keV | 40(30)# keV | 40(30)# keV | 1# min | α (.4%) | $^{185}$Hg | (13/2+) | | |
| $^{190}$Pb | | 82 | 108 | 189.978082(13) | 71(1) s | β$^+$ (99.1%) | $^{190}$Tl | 0+ | | |
| $^{190}$Pb | | 82 | 108 | 189.978082(13) | 71(1) s | α (.9%) | $^{186}$Hg | 0+ | | |
| $^{190m1}$Pb | | 2614.8(8) keV | 2614.8(8) keV | 2614.8(8) keV | 150 ns | | | (10)+ | | |
| $^{190m2}$Pb | | 2618(20) keV | 2618(20) keV | 2618(20) keV | 25 µs | | | (12+) | | |
| $^{190m3}$Pb | | 2658.2(8) keV | 2658.2(8) keV | 2658.2(8) keV | 7.2(6) µs | | | (11)− | | |
| $^{191}$Pb | | 82 | 109 | 190.97827(4) | 1.33(8) min | β$^+$ (99.987%) | $^{191}$Tl | (3/2−) | | |
| $^{191}$Pb | | 82 | 109 | 190.97827(4) | 1.33(8) min | α (.013%) | $^{187}$Hg | (3/2−) | | |
| $^{191m}$Pb | | 20(50) keV | 20(50) keV | 20(50) keV | 2.18(8) min | β$^+$ (99.98%) | $^{191}$Tl | 13/2(+) | | |
| $^{191m}$Pb | | 20(50) keV | 20(50) keV | 20(50) keV | 2.18(8) min | α (.02%) | $^{187}$Hg | 13/2(+) | | |
| $^{192}$Pb | | 82 | 110 | 191.975785(14) | 3.5(1) min | β$^+$ (99.99%) | $^{192}$Tl | 0+ | | |
| $^{192}$Pb | | 82 | 110 | 191.975785(14) | 3.5(1) min | α (.0061%) | $^{188}$Hg | 0+ | | |
| $^{192m1}$Pb | | 2581.1(1) keV | 2581.1(1) keV | 2581.1(1) keV | 164(7) ns | | | (10)+ | | |
| $^{192m2}$Pb | | 2625.1(11) keV | 2625.1(11) keV | 2625.1(11) keV | 1.1(5) µs | | | (12+) | | |
| $^{192m3}$Pb | | 2743.5(4) keV | 2743.5(4) keV | 2743.5(4) keV | 756(21) ns | | | (11)− | | |
| $^{193}$Pb | | 82 | 111 | 192.97617(5) | 5# min | β$^+$ | $^{193}$Tl | (3/2−) | | |
| $^{193m1}$Pb | | 130(80)# keV | 130(80)# keV | 130(80)# keV | 5.8(2) min | β$^+$ | $^{193}$Tl | 13/2(+) | | |
| $^{193m2}$Pb | | 2612.5(5)+X keV | 2612.5(5)+X keV | 2612.5(5)+X keV | 135(+25−15) ns | | | (33/2+) | | |
| $^{194}$Pb | | 82 | 112 | 193.974012(19) | 12.0(5) min | β$^+$ (100%) | $^{194}$Tl | 0+ | | |
| $^{194}$Pb | | 82 | 112 | 193.974012(19) | 12.0(5) min | α (7.3×10$^{−6}$%) | $^{190}$Hg | 0+ | | |
| $^{195}$Pb | | 82 | 113 | 194.974542(25) | ~15 min | β$^+$ | $^{195}$Tl | 3/2#- | | |
| $^{195m1}$Pb | | 202.9(7) keV | 202.9(7) keV | 202.9(7) keV | 15.0(12) min | β$^+$ | $^{195}$Tl | 13/2+ | | |
| $^{195m2}$Pb | | 1759.0(7) keV | 1759.0(7) keV | 1759.0(7) keV | 10.0(7) µs | | | 21/2− | | |
| $^{196}$Pb | | 82 | 114 | 195.972774(15) | 37(3) min | β$^+$ | $^{196}$Tl | 0+ | | |
| $^{196}$Pb | | 82 | 114 | 195.972774(15) | 37(3) min | α (3×10$^{−5}$%) | $^{192}$Hg | 0+ | | |
| $^{196m1}$Pb | | 1049.20(9) keV | 1049.20(9) keV | 1049.20(9) keV | <100 ns | | | 2+ | | |
| $^{196m2}$Pb | | 1738.27(12) keV | 1738.27(12) keV | 1738.27(12) keV | <1 µs | | | 4+ | | |
| $^{196m3}$Pb | | 1797.51(14) keV | 1797.51(14) keV | 1797.51(14) keV | 140(14) ns | | | 5− | | |
| $^{196m4}$Pb | | 2693.5(5) keV | 2693.5(5) keV | 2693.5(5) keV | 270(4) ns | | | (12+) | | |
| $^{197}$Pb | | 82 | 115 | 196.973431(6) | 8.1(17) min | β$^+$ | $^{197}$Tl | 3/2− | | |
| $^{197m1}$Pb | | 319.31(11) keV | 319.31(11) keV | 319.31(11) keV | 42.9(9) min | β$^+$ (81%) | $^{197}$Tl | 13/2+ | | |
| $^{197m1}$Pb | | 319.31(11) keV | 319.31(11) keV | 319.31(11) keV | 42.9(9) min | IT (19%) | $^{197}$Pb | 13/2+ | | |
| $^{197m1}$Pb | | 319.31(11) keV | 319.31(11) keV | 319.31(11) keV | 42.9(9) min | α (3×10$^{−4}$%) | $^{193}$Hg | 13/2+ | | |
| $^{197m2}$Pb | | 1914.10(25) keV | 1914.10(25) keV | 1914.10(25) keV | 1.15(20) µs | | | 21/2− | | |
| $^{198}$Pb | | 82 | 116 | 197.972034(16) | 2.4(1) h | β$^+$ | $^{198}$Tl | 0+ | | |
| $^{198m1}$Pb | | 2141.4(4) keV | 2141.4(4) keV | 2141.4(4) keV | 4.19(10) µs | | | (7)− | | |
| $^{198m2}$Pb | | 2231.4(5) keV | 2231.4(5) keV | 2231.4(5) keV | 137(10) ns | | | (9)− | | |
| $^{198m3}$Pb | | 2820.5(7) keV | 2820.5(7) keV | 2820.5(7) keV | 212(4) ns | | | (12)+ | | |
| $^{199}$Pb | | 82 | 117 | 198.972917(28) | 90(10) min | β$^+$ | $^{199}$Tl | 3/2− | | |
| $^{199m1}$Pb | | 429.5(27) keV | 429.5(27) keV | 429.5(27) keV | 12.2(3) min | IT (93%) | $^{199}$Pb | (13/2+) | | |
| $^{199m1}$Pb | | 429.5(27) keV | 429.5(27) keV | 429.5(27) keV | 12.2(3) min | β$^+$ (7%) | $^{199}$Tl | (13/2+) | | |
| $^{199m2}$Pb | | 2563.8(27) keV | 2563.8(27) keV | 2563.8(27) keV | 10.1(2) µs | | | (29/2−) | | |
| $^{200}$Pb | | 82 | 118 | 199.971827(12) | 21.5(4) h | β$^+$ | $^{200}$Tl | 0+ | | |
| $^{201}$Pb | | 82 | 119 | 200.972885(24) | 9.33(3) h | EC (99%) | $^{201}$Tl | 5/2− | | |
| $^{201}$Pb | | 82 | 119 | 200.972885(24) | 9.33(3) h | β$^+$ (1%) | $^{201}$Tl | 5/2− | | |
| $^{201m1}$Pb | | 629.14(17) keV | 629.14(17) keV | 629.14(17) keV | 61(2) s | | | 13/2+ | | |
| $^{201m2}$Pb | | 2718.5+X keV | 2718.5+X keV | 2718.5+X keV | 508(5) ns | | | (29/2−) | | |
| $^{202}$Pb | | 82 | 120 | 201.972159(9) | 52.5(28)×10$^3$ y | Electron capture (EC) (99%) | $^{202}$Tl | 0+ | | |
| $^{202}$Pb | | 82 | 120 | 201.972159(9) | 52.5(28)×10$^3$ y | α (1%) | $^{198}$Hg | 0+ | | |
| $^{202m1}$Pb | | 2169.83(7) keV | 2169.83(7) keV | 2169.83(7) keV | 3.53(1) h | IT (90.5%) | $^{202}$Pb | 9− | | |
| $^{202m1}$Pb | | 2169.83(7) keV | 2169.83(7) keV | 2169.83(7) keV | 3.53(1) h | EC (9.5%) | $^{202}$Tl | 9− | | |
| $^{202m2}$Pb | | 4142.9(11) keV | 4142.9(11) keV | 4142.9(11) keV | 110(5) ns | | | (16+) | | |
| $^{202m3}$Pb | | 5345.9(13) keV | 5345.9(13) keV | 5345.9(13) keV | 107(5) ns | | | (19−) | | |
| $^{203}$Pb | | 82 | 121 | 202.973391(7) | 51.873(9) h | EC | $^{203}$Tl | 5/2− | | |
| $^{203m1}$Pb | | 825.20(9) keV | 825.20(9) keV | 825.20(9) keV | 6.21(8) s | IT | $^{203}$Pb | 13/2+ | | |
| $^{203m2}$Pb | | 2949.47(22) keV | 2949.47(22) keV | 2949.47(22) keV | 480(7) ms | | | 29/2− | | |
| $^{203m3}$Pb | | 2923.4+X keV | 2923.4+X keV | 2923.4+X keV | 122(4) ns | | | (25/2−) | | |
| $^{204}$Pb | | 82 | 122 | 203.9730436(13) | Observationally Stable | Observationally Stable | Observationally Stable | 0+ | 0.014(1) | 0.0104–0.0165 |
| $^{204m1}$Pb | | 1274.00(4) keV | 1274.00(4) keV | 1274.00(4) keV | 265(10) ns | | | 4+ | | |
| $^{204m2}$Pb | | 2185.79(5) keV | 2185.79(5) keV | 2185.79(5) keV | 67.2(3) min | | | 9− | | |
| $^{204m3}$Pb | | 2264.33(4) keV | 2264.33(4) keV | 2264.33(4) keV | 0.45(+10−3) µs | | | 7− | | |
| $^{205}$Pb | | 82 | 123 | 204.9744818(13) | 15.3(7)×10$^6$ y | EC | $^{205}$Tl | 5/2− | | |
| $^{205m1}$Pb | | 2.329(7) keV | 2.329(7) keV | 2.329(7) keV | 24.2(4) µs | | | 1/2− | | |
| $^{205m2}$Pb | | 1013.839(13) keV | 1013.839(13) keV | 1013.839(13) keV | 5.55(2) ms | | | 13/2+ | | |
| $^{205m3}$Pb | | 3195.7(5) keV | 3195.7(5) keV | 3195.7(5) keV | 217(5) ns | | | 25/2− | | |
| $^{206}$Pb | Radium G | 82 | 124 | 205.9744653(13) | Observationally Stable | Observationally Stable | Observationally Stable | 0+ | 0.241(1) | 0.2084–0.2748 |
| $^{206m1}$Pb | | 2200.14(4) keV | 2200.14(4) keV | 2200.14(4) keV | 125(2) µs | | | 7− | | |
| $^{206m2}$Pb | | 4027.3(7) keV | 4027.3(7) keV | 4027.3(7) keV | 202(3) ns | | | 12+ | | |
| $^{207}$Pb | Actinium D | 82 | 125 | 206.9758969(13) | Observationally Stable | Observationally Stable | Observationally Stable | 1/2− | 0.221(1) | 0.1762–0.2365 |
| $^{207m}$Pb | | 1633.368(5) keV | 1633.368(5) keV | 1633.368(5) keV | 806(6) ms | IT | $^{207}$Pb | 13/2+ | | |
| $^{208}$Pb | Thorium D | 82 | 126 | 207.9766521(13) | Observationally Stable | Observationally Stable | Observationally Stable | 0+ | 0.524(1) | 0.5128–0.5621 |
| $^{208m}$Pb | | 4895(2) keV | 4895(2) keV | 4895(2) keV | 500(10) ns | | | 10+ | | |
| $^{209}$Pb | | 82 | 127 | 208.9810901(19) | 3.253(14) h | β$^−$ | $^{209}$Bi | 9/2+ | Trace | |
| $^{210}$Pb | Radium D Radiolead Radio-lead | 82 | 128 | 209.9841885(16) | 22.3(22) y | β$^−$ (100%) | $^{210}$Bi | 0+ | Trace | |
| $^{210}$Pb | Radium D Radiolead Radio-lead | 82 | 128 | 209.9841885(16) | 22.3(22) y | α (1.9×10$^{−6}$%) | $^{206}$Hg | 0+ | Trace | |
| $^{210m}$Pb | | 1278(5) keV | 1278(5) keV | 1278(5) keV | 201(17) ns | | | 8+ | | |
| $^{211}$Pb | Actinium B | 82 | 129 | 210.9887370(29) | 36.1(2) min | β$^−$ | $^{211}$Bi | 9/2+ | Trace | |
| $^{212}$Pb | Thorium B | 82 | 130 | 211.9918975(24) | 10.64(1) h | β$^−$ | $^{212}$Bi | 0+ | Trace | |
| $^{212m}$Pb | | 1335(10) keV | 1335(10) keV | 1335(10) keV | 5(1) µs | | | (8+) | | |
| $^{213}$Pb | | 82 | 131 | 212.996581(8) | 10.2(3) min | β$^−$ | $^{213}$Bi | (9/2+) | | |
| $^{214}$Pb | Radium B | 82 | 132 | 213.9998054(26) | 26.8(9) min | β$^−$ | $^{214}$Bi | 0+ | Trace | |
| $^{215}$Pb | | 82 | 133 | 215.00481(44)# | 36(1) s | | | 5/2+# | | |
* ↑ Abbreviations: EC: Electron capture IT: Isomeric transition
* ↑ Bold for stable isotopes, bold italics for nearly-stable isotopes (half-life longer than the age of the universe)
* 1 2 3 Used in lead-lead dating
* ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to $^{200}$Hg with a half-life over 1.4×10$^{20}$ years
* ↑ Final decay product of 4n+2 decay chain (the Radium or Uranium series)
* ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to $^{202}$Hg with a half-life over 2.5×10$^{21}$ years
* ↑ Final decay product of 4n+3 decay chain (the Actinium series)
* ↑ Believed to undergo α decay to $^{203}$Hg with a half-life over 1.9×10$^{21}$ years
* ↑ Final decay product of 4n decay chain (the Thorium series)
* ↑ Heaviest observationally stable nuclide, believed to undergo α decay to $^{204}$Hg with a half-life over 2.6×10$^{21}$ years
* ↑ Cluster decay product of $^{223}$Ra, which occurs in the decay chain of $^{235}$U
* 1 2 Intermediate decay product of $^{238}$U
* ↑ Intermediate decay product of $^{235}$U
* ↑ Intermediate decay product of $^{232}$Th