# Green IT/Global ICT Footprint

In Green IT/Introduction we looked at the science of climate change and how electricity used to run computers and telecommunications can contribute to greenhouse gas emissions. In this topic we look at estimates of how much ICT contributes to Equivalent carbon dioxide (CO$_2$e) to calculate the global ICT Carbon Footprint from use of telecommunications, data centres and desktop PCs.
The carbon footprint is an estimate of the amount of CO$_2$e emitted by activity, in this case the use of ICT. The carbon footprint can be estimated from the embodied energy used to produce the ICT product and the energy used to operate the equipment.
Embodied energy (or Embodied carbon) refers to the energy used to manufacture, and supply to the point of use, a product or service. This includes the energy necessary to extract the raw material, to transport, manufacturing, assembly, installation as well as disposal of the equipment. ICT professionals would not normally be required to carry out detailed analysis of embodied energy for specific products, but use estimates supplied for a class of products, such as desktop computers or laptops.
Operating energy is a measure of the energy used to operate the ICT equipment. This can be measured directly using an energy meter (electric meter) which measures the electrical energy used. Alternatively the energy use may be estimated from the power the equipment uses (specified in Watt), multiplied by the estimated amount of time the equipment will be used (in Hours) to give the energy (in Kilowatt hours).
A Greenhouse gas conversion factor can then be used to convert energy consumed in kWh to kg of equivalent carbon dioxide. For example a computer using 200 W of power for 10 hours per day uses 2 kWh of energy. Multiplying by a conversion factor of 0.537 Kg CO$_2$/kWh produces a total of 1.074 Kg' CO$_{2perday.}$'
Energy and greenhouse gas measures are only approximate. There have been attempts to estimate these for industry sectors, nations and the world.
Read now [../mod/resource/view.php?id=227 SMART 2020: Enabling the low carbon economy in the information age] by The Climate Group, June 2008: Chapter 1 "The time for change" and 2 "Taking direct action". |}

## Questions

* Some major organisations have made claims about their greenhouse friendly policies. Collect information from publicly available sources (the Internet, newspapers, business magazines) and analyse one major organisation (in three paragraphs). Include references to your sources of information (with links to any web based information). This analysis should highlight:
** The energy strategy
** Any use of ICT in the strategy
** Any energy reduction targets
* Explain the current status of measurement of ICT Carbon Footprint in your organisation (or an organisation you are familiar with) in 3 paragraphs. Are there measures or targets for CO$_2$e, embodied energy or energy use for telecommunications, data centres or desktop PCs?
* Describe in up to three paragraphs any greenhouse reduction strategies in your organisation (or an organisation you are familiar with). Do these involve ICT?

### Origin

The course was originally created by User:Tom Worthington based on the Green ICT Strategies e-Learning Course. A certified version of the course is available from the Australian Computer Society.