OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# SPIR608 Political Simulations and Gaming/2011/Energy Game

The Energy Game is designed to address some of the political as well as economics and other related issues in the energy sector. It builds its structure from a simple model so it can be played by everybody with little knowledge about the rules of the game. The main structure of the game is designed around a hexagon shaped cells. The small hexagons eventually from a larger hexagon and players are required to move around the cells. Each cell represents one moving point around the game. Instead of dices this game uses a turbine that can be moved by hand and each section of the turbine is given a numeric representation that player use for their moves. During the play as players move the turbine and move around the cells they can fall into different events that can require the player to perform a specific task for example building a pipeline with another player. This can give extra points to the participating players. The key intention is not the actual movement of the game but the selection of player. Players can choose to work with certain player according to their preferences. This preference selection has a dynamic impact on the other players. One another important event that all players are required to work with collectively is the equilibrium temperature shown by a counter. This is introduced to the game so it calls all players to work cooperatively to address the critical issue of the climate change. Each movement around the cell is believed to be using energy and players must not pass the limit set within the game. Players need to use their next move when the limit is reached to set the counter back to zero. For example if a player is getting high number in each round by chance, the mechanism will eventually results in taking more points away from such player and giving a more level playing field to other players. The main material used for this game is the board were players move around the cell, the turbine used instead of the dice and small pieces that players use to move around the table. The counter is used to check the temperature levels during the game. The politics and scientific evidence behind the climate change is integrated to show how people make decision according to certain rules. How flying planes from London to Kyoto to attend a conference about climate change could have an impact on the level of pollution? These are important issues that needs to be addressed when it comes talking about climate change. The main source of energy that all plants and animal obtain is from the sun. The aim of the game is to reach the centre of the game were the sun in located. It is impractical at the present state of our knowledge to aim for such a goal. This game is designed similarly like the Office Boy game but it applies different set of structure to introduce certain element within the energy sector and hopes players can learn by playing this game and enjoy it indeed.
# SPIR608 Political Simulations and Gaming/2011/Week 10
## Favourite game

* Vietnam 1955: 5
* Settlers of Catan: 3
* Origins of World War II: 2
* War on Terror: 2
* Red Guard!: 1
* 1776: 1
* Liberté: 1

## Links

Photos of Week 10 play-testing.
# SPIR608 Political Simulations and Gaming/2011/Sex Slaves

Stabbing The principle of the game is to get yourself (because your a prostitute) out of the institution. The game has a maximum of five players but there are six different scenario cards. You can keep the scenario secret or tell other players in order to form an alliance. Each scenario card will explain how to get out of prostitution and eventually win the game. Remember the game is intentionally difficult because unfortunately for the real life victims of this game, many never escape. This game is a simulation of the world of prostitution, pacifically south Asia; therefore the scenarios have been adapted from Louise Brown's (2000) research. Brown, L., 2000. Sex Slaves: The Trafficking of Women in Asia. London: Viagro Press documentry on sex slaves Siddharth, K., 2009. Sex trafficking: inside the business of modern slavery. New York: Columbia University Press Scenarios
* You recruit from your village another girl who will take your place in the industry
* Run away
* Having a son that looks after you and buys you out of the industry
* Becoming a madam
* A special client buys you out
* You die
* You becoming your own manager no pimp giving you autonomy over your clients
Each girl has a different debt to the industry you must go round the board and acquire the money amongst over thing to secure your liberty.
# SPIR608 Political Simulations and Gaming/2011/Law and Disorder
## Game Mechanics

* Point to Point Movement
We are using this because we can restrict the number of pieces in a space by how we design each point.
# SPIR608 Political Simulations and Gaming/2011/Week 11
## Links

Photos of Week 11 play-testing.
# Refresher/SQL

This is a refresher course for those who need to review basic knowledge of SQL.
For a comprehensive tutorial, go to http://www.1keydata.com/sql/sql.html.

## Basic Concepts

* Constraint: an input filter
* Denormalizing: performance improvement through reduction in number of joins needed for data processing
* Group by and order by clauses: expensive due to creation of temporary tables
* Indexes' tradeoffs: faster retrieval, slower updates
* Join: a logical connection between two tables
* Normalizing: eliminating redundant information and making it easier for future updates
* Primary key: a combination of columns which uniquely specify a row
* Trigger: the code automatically executed in response to certain table events
* Where vs having: where is a restriction and having is a filter
* Wildcard: % using LIKE

## Most Frequently Asked

* Inner join: intersection, e.g. SELECT Person.LastName, Person.FirstName, Sales.OrderNo FROM Person INNER JOIN Sales ON Person.P_Id=Sales.P_Id ORDER BY Person.LastName
* Outer join: union, e.g.
* Foreign key: primary key of another table.

## Comprehensive Tutorial

For a comprehensive tutorial, go to http://www.1keydata.com/sql/sql.html.
# Refresher/SQL/Most Frequently Asked
### Presentation

| Basic Concepts | Most Frequently Asked | Comprehensive Tutorial | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | Comprehensive Tutorial |
* Inner join: intersection, e.g. SELECT Person.LastName, Person.FirstName, Sales.OrderNo FROM Person INNER JOIN Sales ON Person.P_Id=Sales.P_Id ORDER BY Person.LastName
* Outer join: union, e.g.
* Foreign key: primary key of another table.
# Refresher/TDD/Beyond
### Presentation

| Code Review | Beyond | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | List of Topics |
* safe and fast: basic security, time complexity, then micro improvement
# Refresher/SQL/Comprehensive Tutorial
### Presentation

| Most Frequently Asked | Comprehensive Tutorial | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | List of Topics |
* For a comprehensive tutorial, go to http://www.1keydata.com/sql/sql.html.
# Refresher/SQL/Topic 3
### Presentation

| Most Frequently Asked | Topic 3 | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | List of Topics |
* Inner join: intersection, e.g. SELECT Person.LastName, Person.FirstName, Sales.OrderNo FROM Person INNER JOIN Sales ON Person.P_Id=Sales.P_Id ORDER BY Person.LastName
* Outer join: union, e.g.
# Refresher/SQL/Topic List
### Presentation

| Introduction | Topic List | Basic Concepts | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | Basic Concepts |
* Basic Concepts
* Most Frequently Asked
* Comprehensive Tutorial
# Refresher/SQL/Basic Concepts
### Presentation

| Introduction | Basic Concepts | Most Frequently Asked | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | Most Frequently Asked |
* Constraint: an input filter
* Denormalizing: performance improvement through reduction in number of joins needed for data processing
* Group by and order by clauses: expensive due to creation of temporary tables
* Indexes' tradeoffs: faster retrieval, slower updates
* Join: a logical connection between two tables
* Normalizing: eliminating redundant information and making it easier for future updates
* Primary key: a combination of columns which uniquely specify a row
* Trigger: the code automatically executed in response to certain table events
* Where vs having: where is a restriction and having is a filter
* Wildcard: % using LIKE
# Refresher/TDD/Basic Concepts
### Presentation

| Introduction | Basic Concepts | FAQ | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | FAQ |
* TDD: tiny cycle repetition of red, green and refector -- failing test script, code to pass, refactor to standards
* XP key principles: rapid feedback, incremental change and assuming simplicity
# Refresher/SQL/Introduction
### Presentation

| Introduction | Topic List | List of Topics | This presentation was made possible by Wikiversal/WikiverSuite, which is made possible by your donation. Thank you for your support. | Topic List |
* This is a refresher course for those who need to review basic knowledge of SQL. For a comprehensive tutorial, go to http://www.1keydata.com/sql/sql.html.
# Refresher/TDD

This is a refresher course for those who need to review basic knowledge of test-driven development (TDD).

## Basic Concepts

* TDD: tiny cycle repetition of red, green and refector -- failing test script, code to pass, refactor to standards
* XP key principles: rapid feedback, incremental change and assuming simplicity
# Quantum biophysics

Quantum biophysics is a multidisciplinary area of Molecular biophysics and Quantum biology concerned with quantum treatments and theories of biomolecules and biophysical systems in general at the the quantum level. It is considered as a subject where biological systems are understood through the application of physical principles and theories.
# Quantum Simulation

The first part of the course will discuss various state of the art methods for the numerical description of many-body quantum systems. In particular, I will explain successful applications and inherent limitations due to the exponential complexity of the many-body problem.
In the second part of the course, I will show how using highly controllable quantum system such as ultracold atoms will provide a way to overcome the limitations of classical simulation methods. I will discuss several theoretical and experimental achievements and outline the road for future developments.
# Physics equations/Sheet

List of equation sheets for Physics equations.
* All chapters
* First semester
* Category:Physics_equations/Sheet contains a comprehensive list.
# Physics equations/Work in progress

This page consists of scratchwork that needs to be processed and deleted.

## Wikiversity appendix for editors

* Kinematics
* Uniform circular motion
* Static forces
* Work, energy, power
* Impulse, momentum, and motion about a fixed axis
* Introduction to entropy
* Electrostatics
* Current and current density
* Magnetic forces
* Magnetic field calculations
* Faraday law
* Maxwell's equations
* See also these Wkikiversity pages: Phase space and Statistical thermodynamics and Special relativity and Coulomb's Law
* Styles, equations, figures, and links:styles | equations | | links |
# Research in programming Wikidata/Radio programs

A radio program is a mass medium, which is a collection of sound messages and materials. This article is devoted to the study of radio programs based on the Wikidata. For the research, SPARQL queries, working with objects of the "radio program" type, are designed. A list of all the radio programs described in the Wikidata is obtained. Three good and bad objects were singled out, the latter subsequently being filled. In the article there is a result of the analysis of the completeness of the Wikidata, as well as a hundred of Russian radio programs with a link to the country and genre.

## Instances of the object "radio programs"

* Object: radio program (Q1555508).
* Property: instance of (P31).
Let's build a list of all radio programs in English.
SPARQL-query, 5249 results.

## "Good" and "bad" objects "radio programs"

Let's build a list of all radio programs related to Russia.
SPARQL-query, 68 results.
Examples of good, complete radio program are:
* Miranda;
* Opry;
* This American Life.
Examples of bad, incomplete radio program were:
* Radionyanya;
* In the work at noon;
* Moon-44.

## Filling in the genre and linking to radio stations

Fill in a hundred objects of radio programs and specify in each of them a binding to the country and genre.
SPARQL-query, 138 results are 5.11 .17.
SPARQL-query, 240 results are 13.11 .17.
The script below shows only radio programs related to Russia.
SPARQL-query, 110 results on the 26.11.17.
The figure above describes the relationship of Russian radio programs with their corresponding genres.

## Completeness of Wikidata

There are more than 51,000 radio stations in the world in accordance with the radio portal Radio.ru, in 2017. Thus, even if there is at least one radio broadcast on each of them, it is at least 51 thousand programs. By results of the query that counted the radio programs of the whole world, it turned out to be only 5152 radio programs. In other words, there was only one tenth of the actual number of radio programs, which shows the incompleteness of the Wikidata.
If we talk only about Russian radio programs, then query produces only 5249 results, in the same time it is writen on the portal Radio.ru that the largest number of network radio stations in 2015 is in Ekaterinburg — 36 stations, and this is only one city. There are 1124 cities in Russia.

## Future work

* Find the most frequent first letter in title of stations (English alphabet).
* Find programs with the number of dictors = 1, more than 1. The results should be presented on a histogram.
* Display pictures (images) of radio programs for children.
# Standard error (statistics)

This statistics resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
The standard error (SE), in statistics, is a measure of spread for a sample of data. Mathematically, the SE is the standard deviation divided by the square root of the sample size.

## Standard error vs. standard deviation

The standard error is commonly confused with the standard deviation.
For a simple explanation of the difference, see What is the difference between standard deviation and standard error?
For a more indepth explanation, perhaps Standard deviations and standard errors.
# Standard vectors/Linearly independent/Example

The standard vectors in $K^{n}$ are linearly independent. A representation
    $\sum _{i=1}^{n}s_{i}e_{i}=0\,$
just means
    $s_{1}{\begin{pmatrix}1\\0\\\vdots \\0\end{pmatrix}}+s_{2}{\begin{pmatrix}0\\1\\\vdots \\0\end{pmatrix}}+\cdots +s_{n}{\begin{pmatrix}0\\0\\\vdots \\1\end{pmatrix}}={\begin{pmatrix}0\\0\\\vdots \\0\end{pmatrix}}\,.$
The $i$-th row yields directly $s_{i}=0$.
# Standard vectors/Basis from linearly independent/Example

The standard vectors in $K^{n}$ form a basis. The linear independence was shown in example. To show that they also form a generating system, let
    $v={\begin{pmatrix}b_{1}\\b_{2}\\\vdots \\b_{n}\end{pmatrix}}\in K^{n}\,$
be an arbitrary vector. Then we have immediately
    $v=\sum _{i=1}^{n}b_{i}e_{i}\,.$
Hence, we have a basis, which is called the standard basis of $K^{n}$.
# Standard-candles astronomy/Quiz

Standard-candles astronomy is a lecture about the astronomy techniques for finding and studying standard candles and standard-candle candidates. These are used to estimate distances beyond the capability of trigonometric parallax.
You are free to take this quiz based on standard-candles astronomy at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{radiation astronomy resources}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

Hypothesis:
* Standard candles may not be a reasonable way to estimate distances.
# Standard cone/Derivations/Not unitary/Exercise

Describe the derivations on $K[X,Y,Z]/(Z^{2}-X^{2}-Y^{2})$ and show that there are no unitary derivations on it.
# Standard deviation

This statistics resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
A measure of variance - actually the SD is the square root of the variance.
# PlanetPhysics/Axiomatics and Categorical Foundations of Mathematical Physics
### Axiomatics and Categorical Foundations of Mathematical Physics

This is a contributed new topic on the mathematical foundations of theoretical physics and quantum theories.
* Axiomatic foundations of quantum field theories
* quantum logics and logic algebras: Post and $MV$ logics
* Index of Quantum Algebraic Topology #adjointness, equivalence, isomorphism at the foundations of categorical physics #category theory in quantum physics and general relativity #Categories of quantum logic algebras
* functor categories and super-categories #index of category theory #indexes of category
* classification of $C^{*}$-algebras and groupoid convolution $C^{*}$-algebras
* Quantum topoi and quantum logic extended-toposes
* non-Abelian structures and gauge theories
* Non-Abelian Quantum Algebraic Topology and AQFT #Classical and categorical Galois theories of quantum groups and quantum groupoids
* Theory of quantum computation: quantum logics, quantum automata and quantum computation
* Measure theory and probability in quantum statistical mechanics #quantum symmetries and quantum groupoid representation theory
* noncommutative geometry, SUSY and axiomatic quantum gravity (AQG)
Literature references for mathematical physics foundations: axiomatics and categories
# PlanetPhysics/Approximation Theorem for an Arbitrary Space

\begin{theorem}(Approximation \htmladdnormallink{theorem {http://planetphysics.us/encyclopedia/Formula.html} for an arbitrary topological space in terms of the colimit of a sequence of cellular inclusions of $CW$-complexes}):
   "There is a functor Failed to parse (syntax error): {\displaystyle \Gamma: "'hU''' \longrightarrow '''hU''' } where $'''hU'''$ is the homotopy category for unbased spaces , and a natural transformation $\gamma :\Gamma \longrightarrow Id$ that asssigns a $CW$-complex $\Gamma X$ and a weak equivalence $\gamma _{e}:\Gamma X\longrightarrow X<math>toanarbitraryspace$X</math>, such that the following diagram commutes:
   Failed to parse (unknown function "\begin{CD}"): {\displaystyle \begin{CD} \Gamma X @> \Gamma f >> \Gamma Y \\ @V <math>~~~~~~~} \gamma (X) VV @VV \gamma (Y) V \\ X @ > f >> Y \end{CD} </math> and $\Gamma f:\Gamma X\rightarrow \Gamma Y$ is unique up to homotopy equivalence.
(viz. p. 75 in ref.). \end{theorem}
The $CW$-complex specified in the approximation theorem for an arbitrary space is constructed as the colimit $\Gamma X$ of a sequence of cellular inclusions of $CW$-complexes $X_{1},...,X_{n}$ , so that one obtains $X\equiv colim[X_{i}]$. As a consequence of J.H.C. Whitehead's Theorem, one also has that:
$\gamma *:[\Gamma X,\Gamma Y]\longrightarrow [\Gamma X,Y]$ is an isomorphism.
Furthermore, the homotopy groups of the $CW$-complex $\Gamma X$ are the colimits of the homotopy groups of $X_{n}$ and $\gamma _{n+1}:\pi _{q}(X_{n+1})\longmapsto \pi _{q}(X)$ is a group epimorphism.
\begin{thebibliography} {9}
</ref></references>
# PlanetPhysics/Auxiliary Field H

The auxiliary field, {\mathbf H} is defined from the magnetic field {\mathbf B}, the magnetization {\mathbf M} and the permeability of free space $\mu _{0}$.
${\mathbf {H} }={\frac {\mathbf {B} }{\mu _{0}}}-{\mathbf {M} }$
Confusion sometimes arises because the {\mathbf H} field was named the magnetic field or magnetic field intensity in the past, while {\mathbf B} was denoted as the magnetic flux density or magnetic induction. Similar to Thermodynamics, where we can talk about macroscopic phenomenon and solve problems without dealing with microscopic properties, the {\mathbf H} field is a macroscopic field like the electric displacement {\mathbf D}.
{\mathbf References}
[1] Magnetic field, Wikipedia
[2] Jackson, D. "Classical Electrodynamics", John Wiley and Sons, Inc., 1975.
[3] Griffiths, D. "Introduction to Electrodynamics", Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1999.
# PlanetPhysics/Applied Physics
## Applied Physics

The application of various branches of physics in other fields of science, technology, and industry is described as applied physics ; alternatively, it is a term describing areas of physics which are intended for particular/specific, practical or technological uses.
One notes also that many areas of research and development ($R\&D$) include both applied physics and applied mathematics, thus also including their overlap area known as Computational Physics as an increasingly important component that cross-fertilizes these two related fiels of applied physics and mathematics. Historically, computers were made possible by a combination of technical developments in physics and electronics, paralleled by mathematical developments in computer architecture design and programming based on improved mathematical/logical algorithms. A fact that is often forgotten is that John von Neumann who contributed greatly to the mathematical foundations of quantum theory in physics was also closely involved with the design and building of the first computers. Thus, applied physics and applied mathematics are very broad, allied fields that have already made, and continue to make a huge impact on practical applications and technology development.
The following is an incomplete list of applied physics areas, followed by already existing, significant resources:
* Electrical Engineering
* Computer Engineering
* Nuclear Engineering #nuclear reactors design, operation and safety
* Nuclear Medicine #Aeronautics and ship design
* Nucleonics
* Accelerator design and operational theory
* Electrochemistry
* energy Generation for practical utilization, Electrotechnics
* Hydrogen Generation and fuel cell designs
* Geophysical Technologies
* Physical Chemistry
* Biophysics
* Applied Quantum systems (APS)
** quantum computers/ and quantum automata/ ##Nucleonics
** Laser technologies
** Quantum Biochemistry
** Quantum Chemistry
* Soil Physics
* Agricultural Biotechnology
* Environmental and `Green physics'
* Nanoelectronics
* Nanomaterials
* Nanocomputer Design and testing
* Scientific Instrumentation design and testing
* Medical imaging and diagnosis
* Medical, pharmaceutical and agricultural applications of radioisotopes
* Radiochemistry