OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Can something come from nothing?

Today, there is a consensus among scientists that a Big Bang occurred and led to the creation of the universe. But what was there before the Big Bang? Where did all matter and energy come from? Did it come from nothing or was there something before our universe? Can something actually be created from nothing or must it always come from something else? The same applies to the disappearance of something – can something simply vanish, or does it still go somewhere?
Note: There is a discussion on the talk page.

## Nothing can be created by nothing nothing can disappear into nothing
### Pro

* Pro Logically, it should be impossible for something to come from nothing or something to disappear into nothing. It's simply unimaginable. A chair, for example, cannot simply disappear. It must exist somewhere in some form. If you burn a chair, it turns to ash. It may no longer be a chair, but the particles that made up the chair have dispersed into the air or are in the ash. The particles have not disappeared, but they still exist.
** Objection A chair disappearing or appearing out of nothing may be unimaginable (I can imagine it though) but the criteria for logical impossibility is that a proposition should be inconsistent or contradictory like 'A married bachelor exists'. 'A chair disappeared completely.' doesn't fit that form.
* Pro Making something appear or disappear out of nowhere would be considered magic. That is simply not possible.

### Con

* Con There never was nothing and something always existed so something didn't come from nothing but is the natural 'default' where approaches to explain why that is so are needed.
** Objection Why is the approach of that "nothing came from nothing" the natural default for explaining why something is so? Then they might as well say, "we don't know what it originated from," instead of saying, "nothing caused it to originate, it originated by itself"?
*** Objection Exactly, we should say that we don't know why anything exists or how exactly the first Universe ultimately came to be in the sense of the ultimate first cause or first existence. That it originated by itself is what is being argued.
# Canadian Armed Forces Ranks

The following ranks comprise the structure of the Canadian Armed Forces. Ranks are displayed highest to lowest as part of the School:Military Canadian Armed Forces tutorial.

## Flag Officers

| Admiral | General | General |
| Vice Admiral | Lieutenant General | Lieutenant General |
| Rear Admiral | Major General | Major General |
| Commodore | Brigadier General | Brigadier General |

## Officer Ranks

| Navy | Army | Air Force |
| Captain | Colonel | Colonel |
| Commander | Lieutenant-Colonel | Lieutenant-Colonel |
| Lieutenant-Commander | Major | Major |
| Sub Lieutenant | Lieutenant | Lieutenant |
| Acting Sub Lieutenant | Second Lieutenant | Second Lieutenant |
| Naval Cadet | Officer Cadet | Officer Cadet |

## Non-Commissioned Member Ranks

| Navy | Army | Air Force |
| Senior Appointments | | |
| Canadian Forces Chief Warrant Officer (CFCWO) | Canadian Forces Chief Warrant Officer (CFCWO) | Canadian Forces Chief Warrant Officer (CFCWO) |
| Chief Petty Officer of the Navy Command Chief Petty Officer | Army Sergeant-Major Command Chief Warrant Officer | Chief Warrant Officer of the RCAF Command Chief Warrant Officer |
| Formation Chief Petty Officer | Formation Chief Warrant Officer | Formation Chief Warrant Officer |
| Senior Ranks | | |
| Chief Petty Officer 1st Class | Chief Warrant Officer | Chief Warrant Officer |
| Chief Petty Officer 2nd Class | Master Warrant Officer | Master Warrant Officer |
| Petty Officer 1st Class | Warrant Officer | Warrant Officer |
| Petty Officer 2nd Class | Sergeant | Sergeant |
| Junior Ranks | | |
| Master Seaman | Master Corporal | Master Corporal |
| Leading Seaman | Corporal | Corporal |
| Able Seaman | Private | Aviator |
| Ordinary Seaman | Private (Basic) | Aviator (Basic) |
| Ordinary Seaman Recruit | Private Recruit | Aviator Recruit |
# ELearning Storyboarding
## Overview

Welcome to the Wikiversity course on E-Learning Storyboarding. This course aims to provide e-learning instructional designers step-by-step instructions on how to develop scripts for basic computer-based and Web-based training courses.

## Course Objectives

After completing this course, the learner will be able to:
* Analyze instructional subject matter by ...
** Chunking the source content provided by the subject matter expert
** Structuring the chunked source content into modules, lessons, and topics
** Writing learning objectives at Bloom's level 1
** Writing learning objectives at Bloom's level 2
** Writing learning objectives at Bloom's level 3
* Script instructional text, including ...
** On-screen paragraphs
** On-screen lists
** On-screen tables
** Click-on pop-ups
** Roll-over pop-ups
** Note text
** Example text
* Detail multimedia objects, such as ...
** Verbatim voice-over text
** Non-verbatim voice-over text
** Static visualization
** Animation visualization
** Click-on interactivities
** Roll-over interactivities
* Write practice and assessment questions, with the components ...
** Multiple-choice question stems
** Matching-list question Stems
** Multiple-choice question options
** Matching-list question options
** Remedial feedbacks
** Value-add feedbacks
** Conditional feedbacks

## Learner Prerequisites

In order to take this course, the learner should have a basic understanding of the terminologies used in elearning development and creation.

## Learning Process

This course is chunked and structured into topics that flow from one to the other, building on previous topical knowledge. So, it is recommended that the learner take this course linearly. Practice quizzes are given at the end of each topic for the learner to review their learnings on each topic.
Happy learning!
-- Prakash Bebington
# EPET

EPET or Earthquake Performance Evaluation Tool is the software released on 11/13/2006 to the public through NEES Central and is now available at http://www.seismicevaluation.org/epet/. EPET enables virtual experiments on building models with and without base isolators called Earthquake protectors. On demand, all virtual experiments can be animated. Online version of EPET known as EPET1 is available at .
The EPET program has been developed on Visual Studio C++ 6.0 platform . Developers may download the project's source code contained in the ZIP file (complementary to the file above).
# EPETO

EPETO or Earthquake Performance Evaluation Tool Online is the educational earthquake engineering internet site developed to facilitate potential users' performance and to expand variety of buildings, earthquake exposure and types of seismic control devices for determination of those buildings seismic fitness. It has been successfully tested during July-August 2010 and is ready for public use without restrictions. The project may be accessed by clicking on EPETO: Operational scenarios.
This site is a continuation of the recent research (NSF Award No: CMS-0618183) which gave rise to a non-commercial release of the innovative software called Earthquake Performance Evaluation Tool or EPET .
# EMI-EMC
### Electromagnetic Interference

Any electromagnetic disturbance that interrupts, obstructs, or otherwise degrades or limits the effective performance of electronics and electrical equipment. It can be induced intentionally, as in some forms of electronic warfare, or unintentionally, as a result of spurious emissions and responses, intermodulation products, and the like.
EMI is said to exist when unwanted voltages or currents are present so that they adversly affect the performance of an electrical device or electronic system. These voltages/currents can reach the victim circuit or device by conduction or by nonionizing radiation. In all cases, EMI occurs because of a combination of three factors:
* A source
* A transmission path
* A response (at least one response is unplanned)
Functional interference often includes: sine waves, computer clock pulses, speech or video waves, or pulses forming data trains. An example of this interference type is signal leakage from cable TV systems. Fluorescent lamps, commutators, car ignition systems, and industrial, scientific and medical equipment all constitute sources of interference - and this includes EMP that accompanies a nuclear explosion.
EMI always starts with current flow through a conductor and also shows up in the victim equipment in the form of a current or voltage. The coupling path (including a conducting gas or air) might be a conduction or radiation path. The actual paths can include common wiring, capacitance between devices, mutual inductance between adjacent wiring, nonionizing radiation, or wires in an EM field. This type of coupling is aided by the fact that all conductors exhibit resistance and inductance.
* Grounding/Bonding
* Shields/Shielding
* Electrical Noise
* Noise Sources
* Radiated Emission
* Conducted Emission

## further reading

* Wikibooks: electromagnetic compatibility
* Wikibooks: EMC in radio transmitter design
# ENES-100/project 0

My Instructor's user page which points to this.
# ENES 100 Robot Car

SUMMARY OF WEEK 2
We planned to have a functional motor by the end of the second week, which was somewhat completed. We bought a motor and figured out how to make it work but we need to find a switch to have the motor respond to our commands. We also started to brainstorm ideas on how the robot car might possibly look or at least try and have a prototype on how the power wheel might look with its new motor.
Week2 Activities
September 24, 2012: We searched online for a power motor to operate our power wheel for the robot car. After thorough research we found the proper motor and bought it for a low price. We then brainstormed ideas on how to connect the motor to the power wheel and have it possibly work.
September 26, 2012: We used a power source to have the power wheel work but we ran into a problem with the it way functions. We have to move the wires from the power source around to have power motor move backward and forward. To have the motor work the way we like, we have to find a switch that can operate the movement of the wheel.
September 28, 2012: I met up with the members of my group to discuss the robot car. We came together in the engineering lab and looked for pieces that could help us finish the development of the power wheel. Unfortunately, we did not find a solution, we found a switch that could possibly help us in completing the development of the power wheel but came to know that the switch most probably did not work. We then began to look at arduino programs and find ways to have the wheel move forward and backward along with working on power wheel designs to complete this portion of our project.
MY THIRD TASK
Come up with a design a 100% guarantee design for the power wheel. Possibly have a prototype ready for the robot car and hopefully get this wikiversity program to properly work on my computer.

## Week3 Activities
### Summary of actual work over third weekend

How is what you did different than what you planned?

### Week3 Narrative

Tell a detailed story describing what you did for your team over the weekend.

### My Fourth task

Record what you are planning on doing for the team during the final weekend of project work.

## Week4 Activities
### Summary of actual work over fourth weekend

How is what you did different than what you planned?

### Week4 Narrative

Tell a detailed story describing what you did for your team over the weekend.

### Complete Team Page

Fill out the Team Form (should have already copied the form, created the team page, linked to it and started filling it out).
Complete Team Page[edit]
Fill out the Team Form (should have already copied the form, created the team page, linked to it and started filling it out).
# Computer Support/Other Technologies/Ports and Accessories

This lesson covers ports and accessories.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the ports and accessories portion of A+ certification include:
    Compare and contrast accessories & ports of other mobile devices.
   * Connection types
   ** NFC
   ** Proprietary vendor specific ports (communication/power)
   ** microUSB/miniUSB
   ** Lightning
   ** Bluetooth
   ** IR
   ** Hotspot / tethering
   * Accessories
   ** Headsets
   ** Speakers
   ** Game pads
   ** Docking stations
   ** Extra battery packs/battery chargers
   ** Protective covers / water proofing
   ** Credit card readers
   ** Memory/MicroSD

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Near field communication
* Wikipedia: USB#MICRO
* Wikipedia: Lightning (connector)
* Wikipedia: Bluetooth
* Wikipedia: Infrared#Communications
* Wikipedia: Hotspot (Wi-Fi)
* Wikipedia: Tethering
* Wikipedia: Headset (audio)
* Wikipedia: Computer speaker
* Wikipedia: Gamepad
* Wikipedia: Docking station
* Wikipedia: Battery pack
* Wikipedia: Battery charger
* Wikipedia: Mobile phone accessories
* Wikipedia: Card reader
* Wikipedia: Secure Digital

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Mobile Device Connections - CompTIA A+ 220-901 - 3.5
* YouTube: Mobile Device Accessories - CompTIA A+ 220-901 - 3.5
# Computer Support/Other Technologies/macOS and Linux

This lesson covers macOS and Linux (CompTIA: A+ certification).

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the macOS and Linux portion of A+ certification include:
   * Identify common features and functionality of the Mac OS and Linux operating systems.
   * Best practices
   ** Scheduled backups
   ** Scheduled disk maintenance
   ** System updates/App store
   ** Patch management
   ** Driver/firmware updates
   ** Antivirus/ Antimalware updates
   * Tools
   ** Backup/Time Machine
   ** Restore/snapshot
   ** Image recovery
   ** Disk maintenance utilities
   ** Shell/Terminal
   ** Screen sharing
   ** Force Quit
   * Features
   ** Multiple desktops/Mission Control
   ** Key Chain
   ** Spot Light
   ** iCloud
   ** Gestures
   ** Finder
   ** Remote Disc
   ** Dock
   ** Boot Camp
   * Basic Linux commands
   ** ls
   ** grep
   ** cd
   ** shutdown
   ** pwd vs. passwd
   ** mv
   ** cp
   ** rm
   ** chmod
   ** chown
   ** iwconfig/ifconfig
   ** ps
   ** su/sudo
   ** apt-get
   ** vi
   ** dd

## Readings

* Wikipedia: macOS
* Wikipedia: Linux
* Wikipedia: Backup
* Wikipedia: Package manager
* Wikipedia: Mac App Store
* Wikipedia: macOS#Updating methods
* Wikipedia: Antivirus Software
* Wikipedia: Time Machine (macOS)
* Wikipedia: Snapshot (computer storage)
* Wikipedia: Terminal emulator
* Wikipedia: Screen Sharing
* Wikipedia: Desktop sharing
* Wikipedia: Remote desktop software
* Wikipedia: Kill (command)
* Wikipedia: Virtual desktop
* Wikipedia: Mission Control (macOS)
* Wikipedia: Keychain#Computer keychains
* Wikipedia: Keychain (software)
* Wikipedia: GNOME Keyring
* Wikipedia: Spotlight (software)
* Wikipedia: iCloud
* Wikipedia: Gesture recognition
* Wikipedia: Finder (software)
* Wikipedia: Taskbar
* Wikipedia: Boot Camp (software)
* Wikipedia: Bash (Unix shell)
* Wikipedia: ls
* Wikipedia: grep
* Wikipedia: cd (command)
* Wikipedia: shutdown (computing)
* Wikipedia: pwd
* Wikipedia: passwd
* Wikipedia: mv
* Wikipedia: cp (Unix)
* Wikipedia: rm (Unix)
* Wikipedia: chmod
* Wikipedia: chown
* Wikipedia: Wireless tools for Linux
* Wikipedia: ifconfig
* Wikipedia: ps (Unix)
* Wikipedia: su (Unix)
* Wikipedia: sudo
* Wikipedia: Advanced Packaging Tool (apt-get)
* Wikipedia: vi
* Wikipedia: dd (Unix)

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Best Practices for Mac OS - CompTIA A+ 220-902 - 2.1
* YouTube: Best Practices for Linux - CompTIA A+ 220-902 - 2.1
* YouTube: Mac OS Tools - CompTIA A+ 220-902 - 2.1
* YouTube: Linux Tools - CompTIA A+ 220-902 - 2.1
* YouTube: Mac OS Features - CompTIA A+ 220-902 - 2.1
* YouTube: Basic Linux Commands - CompTIA A+ 220-902 - 2.1
# Computer Support/Other Technologies/Network Services

This lesson covers network services.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the network services portion of A+ certification include:
    Summarize the properties and purpose of services provided by networked hosts.
   * Server roles
   ** Web server
   ** File server
   ** Print server
   ** DHCP server
   ** DNS server
   ** Proxy server
   ** Mail server
   ** Authentication server
   * Internet appliance
   ** UTM
   ** IDS
   ** IPS
   * Legacy / embedded systems

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Network Services - CompTIA A+ 220-902 - 2.4
# Computer Support/Procedures/Environment

This lesson covers environment procedures.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the environment procedures portion of A+ certification include:
    Given a scenario with potential environmental impacts, apply the appropriate controls.
   * MSDS documentation for handling and disposal
   * Temperature, humidity level awareness and proper ventilation
   * Power surges, brownouts, blackouts
   ** Battery backup
   ** Surge suppressor
   * Protection from airborne particles
   ** Enclosures
   ** Air filters/Mask
   * Dust and debris
   ** Compressed air
   ** Vacuums
   * Compliance to local government regulations

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Material safety data sheet
* Wikipedia: Uninterruptible power supply
* Wikipedia: Surge protector
* Wikipedia: Gas duster
* Wikipedia: Antistatic bag

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Managing Your Computing Environment - CompTIA A+ 220-902 - 5.2
# Computer Support/Other Technologies/Virtualization

This lesson covers virtualization.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the virtualization portion of A+ certification include:
    Given a scenario, setup and use client-side virtualization.
   * Purpose of virtual machines
   * Resource requirements
   * Emulator requirements
   * Security requirements
   * Network requirements
   * Hypervisor

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Virtualization
* Wikipedia: Hypervisor
* Wikipedia: Windows_Virtual_PC#Windows_XP_Mode

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Client-Side Virtualization - CompTIA A+ 220-902 - 2.2
# Computer Support/Printers

This section of the computer support course covers printers. Lessons include types, configuration, and maintenance.

## Preparation

Learners should already be familiar with IC$^3$ - Computer Hardware.

## Lessons

* Types
* Configuration
* Maintenance
# Computer Support/Procedures

This section of the computer support course covers procedures. Lessons include safety, environment, policies, communication, and troubleshooting theory.

## Preparation

Learners should already be familiar with IC$^3$ - Computer Use and Safety.

## Lessons

* Safety
* Environment
* Policies
* Communication
* Troubleshooting Theory

## See Also

* IC$^3$ - Computer Use and Safety
# Computer Support/Procedures/Communication

This lesson covers communication procedures.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the communication procedures portion of A+ certification include:
    Demonstrate proper communication techniques and professionalism.
   * Use proper language – avoid jargon, acronyms, slang when applicable
   * Maintain a positive attitude / Project confidence
   * Actively listen (taking notes) and avoid interrupting the customer
   * Be culturally sensitive
   ** Use appropriate professional titles, when applicable
   * Be on time (if late contact the customer)
   * Avoid distractions
   ** Personal calls
   ** Texting / Social media sites
   ** Talking to co-workers while interacting with customers
   ** Personal interruptions
   * Dealing with difficult customer or situation
   ** Do not argue with customers and/or be defensive
   ** Avoid dismissing customer problems
   ** Avoid being judgmental
   ** Clarify customer statements (ask open ended questions to narrow the scope of the problem, restate the issue or question to verify understanding)
   ** Do not disclose experiences via social media outlets
   * Set and meet expectations/timeline and communicate status with the customer
   ** Offer different repair/replacement options if applicable
   ** Provide proper documentation on the services provided
   ** Follow up with customer/user at a later date to verify satisfaction
   * Deal appropriately with customers confidential and private materials
   ** Located on a computer, desktop, printer, etc

## Readings

* IT Service and Support - Communication Skills

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Communication - CompTIA A+ 220-902 - 5.4
* YouTube: Professionalism - CompTIA A+ 220-902 - 5.4
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Geography: Climate/POTD 2

Gallery of featured media for geography
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Home
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Next :
Educational Picture of the Day
The Greenhouse Effect
This figure is a simplified, schematic representation of the flows of energy between space, the atmosphere, and the Earth's surface, and shows how these flows combine to trap heat near the surface and create the greenhouse effect. Energy exchanges are expressed in watts per square meter (W/m²). Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Global warming images - Climate images This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Geography: Climate/POTD 5

Gallery of featured media for geography
Back
Home
· Picture 1
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Next :
Educational Picture of the Day
The Nitrogen Cycle
The diagram shows the storage and exchange of nitrogen between the atmosphere and the biosphere, highlighting the role of bacteria. The atmosphere is about 78% nitrogen. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Atmosphere images - Climate images - Environment images Geography images in general This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Geography: Climate/POTD 7

Gallery of featured media for geography
Back
Home
· Picture 1
· Picture 2
· Picture 3
· Picture 4
· Picture 5
· Picture 6
· Picture 7
· Picture 8
· Picture 9
· Picture 10
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Next :
Educational Picture of the Day
The Surface Water Cycle
This diagram shows a part of the water cycle (near-surface hydrology), explaining evapotranspiration, evaporation, transpiration and runoff. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Atmosphere images - Climate images - Environment images Atmospheric circulation images - Water images Geography images in general This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :