OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Artificial Consciousness/Neural Correlates/Synaptic Models/Chemical Cascade Model
## Chemical Cascade Model

Dr. Kandel's work, links the biochemistry of the chemical cascade reaction to the growth of new connectinos between cells at the physical level, Even at the time that Dr. Kandel published his Nobel Winning work, we thought that it was the nature of memory that it would flow from the shortest memories to the longest memories, in a natural progression.
Wayne Sissons work however suggests that in fact, this is not the case, but that distinct Bio-Molecular Traces can be found for different types of memory, and that these traces are triggered and run in parallel. With the use of genetic KO experiments, and experiments using antagonists for specific chemicals necessary for particular memory functions, it is possible to show that the bio-molecular traces for different types of memories are distinct and do not depend on each other, running in parallel with each other.
Despite this, work on LTP, the mechanism that Dr. Kandel's work was based, indicates that there are distinct phases during which different functions happen and different DNA is expressed. These phases called LTP1, LTP2, and LTP3 by some may correspond to different bio-molecular mechanisms that are triggered by different molecular traces.
It is not until we can straighten out the complex bio-molecular traces, and what they actually do, that we will be able to clear the mist that obscures cellular memory, and model it fully at the cellular level.
One theoretical approach, suggested by Dr. Kandel's work, is the idea that some of the bio-molecular traces are involved with Synapto-genesis, or the creation of synapses, and some of the bio-molecular traces are involved with fibril growth.
However Dr. Sissons work suggests that this is an oversimplification, that there are also short term and medium term mechanisms that need to be taken into account. Perhaps it is necessary for there to be some internal representation of the synaptic state, that lasts longer than the synapse weights can, by themselves.
* ↑ Defining Memories by their distinct molecular traces, Wayne Sisson, Trends in Neuroscience-592 Cell Press (Preview)
# Artificial Consciousness/Neural Correlates/Synaptic Models/Membrane Replacement Model
## Membrane Replacement Model

The Neuron, is a squishy sack of chemicals, as one Neuroscientist described it to me. But mostly what it is, is a digestive system that takes nutrients and breaks them down into smaller structures releasing the energy and transforming it into useful forms that can be used to drive cellular processes. If we accept this definition, then we have to accept that part of the nature of the Neuron, and every other cell in the Universe is that it is constantly digesting itself.
Structures like the cellular membrane that are important to its very survival, must therefore have mechanisms that service them and remove the partially digested components and replace them with new components. It is unfortunate but this means that the cellular membrane is constantly being rebuilt, with the effect that the survival of synaptic sensitive patches, adds a complication to a survival trait.
Although we don't yet know exactly what is involved, if only because we don't yet know which questions to ask, evidence of ion channel storage at levels below the surface of the cell, suggest that what might be happening, is that synapses are replaced by the membrane replacement mechanism, along with the rest of the membrane.
This opens up the question, of whether or not ion channel integration in the sensitive patch is also altered in the Membrane Replacement Mechanism, or in some other manner. Evidence from the Neurochemists suggests that proteins some call tags, become associated with particularly active synapses, This has been proposed as a method by which weights can be adjusted, if the protein tag, is consumed during the Membrane Replacement Mechanism, and as a result, new ion channels are added to the synapse, then the effecitive weight of that synapse is increased. Such a tag is called an ephemeral tag, because it lasts only until the next time the membrane is replaced. On the other side of the coin, if the membrane replacement mechanism has the ability to detect the denaturing of an ion channel, it can remove ion channels that have been digested and no longer work, thus resulting in a gradual loss of weight over time, in every synapse that is not active.
The combination of these two factors determines how quickly a synapse can learn. The more ephemeral tags that a sensitive patch can sequester, and the faster the membrane is replaced the faster the synapse weights can be adjusted.
# Artificial Consciousness/Neural Correlates/Synaptic Models/Post-Syanptic (Sensitive Patch) Model
## Post Synaptic (Sensitive Patch) Model

As you probably know by now, all synapses consist of a pre-synaptic bud, on the sending neuron, a Sensitive patch on the receiving neuron, and a gap filled with extracellular fluid called the Synaptic gap. The Neuro-Transmitters are secreted by the pre-synaptic bud, diffuse across the synaptic gap and are detected by the sensitive patch.
Just, as it is the Activation Potential of the sending neuron, that determines at least partially how much neuro-transmitter is secreted, The purpose of the sensitive patch, is to convert the chemical signals back into an electrical charge and thus Action Potential in the receiving Neuron.
To do this, the sensitive patch has to do two things, it has to detect the presence of small amounts of neuro-transmitter, and somehow convert those detections into an electrical charge. There are two separate mechanisms that the neuron uses to achieve these effects, Permease Molecules that detect and transmit the detection of Neuro-Transmitters into the cell where they can influence the cell, and Ion Channels that pump specific ions into or out of the cell and into or out of the extracellular fluid across the cell membrane.
An interesting note, is that these Sensitive Patches persist despite the fact that the Cellular Membrane that they interpenetrate is replaced periodically as part of the survival mechanism of the cell. Another interesting fact, is that depending on which ion is transferred and in which direction, the electrical characteristics of the neuron change. Some ions when pumped into the neuron increase the Activation Potential, Some Ions when pumped out of the neuron increase the Activation potential,
Some ions when pumped into the cell, decrease habituation, and some ions when pumped out of the cell increase the Potentiation of the Cell, While other Ions pumped into the cell act to shunt the cell keeping it from firing.
Each Synaptic Sensitive Patch, is associated with specific Ion channels and specific permease molecules that act like keyholes that only certain neuro-transmitters will activate, as a result, certain Neuro-Transmitters are associated most often with certain ion channels in a specific type of neuron. The combination of different types of Sensitive Patches with different phenotypes of neurons produce upwards of 150 different types of neurons in the Mammalian brain. Different types of Neurons tend to specialize in different types of processing probably because their phenotypes and sensitive patches are tuned to that type of processing. DNA probably determines which types of Neurons can be found in which parts of the Nervous System.
# Artificial Consciousness/Neural Correlates/Synaptic Models/Pre-Synaptic Bud Model
## Pre-Synaptic Bud Model

A Synapse, consists of a Pre-Synaptic Bud, a Post-Synaptic sensitive patch, and a gap containing extra-cellular fluid. The pre-synaptic bud, is usually at the end of an Axion process, but some synapses in dendrites have been found to be pre-synaptic buds suggesting that Axons are not the only location for pre-synaptic buds.
Essentially, how the pre-synaptic bud is thought to work, is that as the voltage at the end of the process increases, with the Action potential of the cell, at some point it promotes the secretion of Neuro-Transmitters, this usually happens as a result of vessicles attaching to the cellular membrane at the end of the process. The vessicles release the Neuro-Transmitters into the extra-cellular fluid, where it diffuses across the synaptic gap and can be detected by the post-synaptic sensitive patch.
To complicate this model however, we have to take into account the fact that the voltage, and the attachment of the vessicles to the cellular membrane seem somehow related to the level of Calcium that can be found at the pre-synaptic bud. A condition called Habituation has been discovered where the strength of the connection of the synapse gradually gets weaker, as the calcium levels in the pre-synaptic bud drop, and fewer vessicles attach to the cellular membrane.
This condition is reversed however, with the opening of Synapses like the S synapse or NMDA synapse that pump more calcium into the cell, so that it can be transported to the end of the process. The change in habituation that this causes is called Facilitation. The S type synapse causes short term facilitation, the NMDA type synapse causes Long-Term Facilitation.
# Artificial Consciousness/Neural Correlates/Synaptic Models/Synaptic Gap Model
## Synaptic Gap Model

Although I have previously characterized a synapse as being a pre-synaptic bud, a synaptic gap, and a post-synaptic sensitive patch, this is not always the case. It is, however the most prevalent case, except in immature specimens during development. Some synapses have an electrical contact that shorts out the synaptic gap, essentially bypassing the permease and ion channels, and linking cells together directly. It is currently thought that this is an attempt to keep the neurons in the clusters thus formed from prematurely learning before their developmentally appropriate growth period.
At the proper time, the electrical contact is broken and the synaptic gap becomes the operative transmission route. Further the simplified synaptic gap I have suggested where it is just a medium for diffusion of Neuro-Transmitters is also a hopeless over-simplification. There are many mechanisms at work in the synaptic gap that are not directly related to signal transmission. For instance instead of just secreting Neuro-Transmitters, the pre-synaptic bud, also often contains a mechanism that scavenges the synaptic gap for Neuro-Transmitters once they have diffused. This re-uptake mechanism is partly responsible for the development of certain anti-depressant and NeuroChemical Treatments for Mental Disorders. By reducing the re-uptake of Neuro-Transmitters they remain in the synaptic gap longer, and it is thought a larger portion of them eventually diffuse to the sensitive patch.
We are not sure, but we think that there might be chemical factors that affect the growth of new fibrils, perhaps even acting as guides to accelerate the connections between new fibrils and new synapse Sesitive patches. If so, it is possible that these chemical signals might act to increase the likelihood that neurons that fire together, connect to each other. Growth Factors, and other elements, have already shown that plasticity of the neuron is not just dependent on its internal state, but depends to some extent on the availability of chemicals that are produced as the brain develops. In fact it is now known that neurons are not the only cells with sensitive patches, and that some of these sensitive patches create communication links necessary for coordination of development outside the actual Neural connectivity.
It should be understood that any model by which we try to understand the workings of the brain at this early state in neuroscience will be incomplete if only because we don't yet understand all of the information we have been given by Neuroscience. It is no surprise then to find that the Neural Gap model is oversimplified.
# BCP/Veronica peduncularis

Veronica peduncularis
| flowering plant Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Veronica peduncularis (Speedwell) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs SB_Johnny-LM 27 April, 2007 (from photographic log) SB Johnny-LM 16:22, 16 April 2008 (UTC) (cv. 'Georgia Blue') (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) April
Additional images:
# BCP/Veronica chamaedrys

Veronica arvensis
| Flowering plant in the grass Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Veronica chamaedrys (Germander Speedwell) Identifying Characteristics Habit:herbaceus, small up to 25 cmFlowers:four-lobed corollaScent:noneGeneral information:native to Europe and northern Asia Recent Logs --Juan 18:31, 9 May 2008 (UTC) (Charles University Botanical Garden) --Turnvater Jahn 20:42, 21 May 2008 (UTC) --Juan Pisek 15:01, 29 June 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Prague, Czech Republic: (rozrazil rezekvítek) (native) May South Bohemia, Czech Republic: (rozrazil rezekvítek) June
Additional images:
| Flower | Flower and stalk | Ilustration |
# BCP/Veronica chamaedrys/Logs
##### Recent Logs

* --Juan 18:31, 9 May 2008 (UTC) (Charles University Botanical Garden)
* --Turnvater Jahn 20:42, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
* --Juan Pisek 15:01, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Veronica hederifolia

Veronica hederifolia
| Flowers and foliage Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Veronica hederifolia (Ivy-leaved Speedwell) Identifying Characteristics Habit:ruderals, bushes, gardens, fieldsFlowers:bisymmetric Recent Logs --Turnvater Jahn 21:27, 21 May 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Leipzig Lowlands, Saxony, Germany: May
Additional images:
# BCP/Veronica hederifolia/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Veronica hederifolia (Veronica). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --Turnvater Jahn 21:27, 21 May 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Veronica officinalis

Veronica officinalis
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Veronica officinalis (Heath Speedwell) Identifying Characteristics Habit:creeping herbaceous forbFlowers:Four petals, white with light purple streaks grow in a spike at the end of the stem. Flowers are about 8mm across.Foliage:The leaves are 1.5–5 cm long and 1–3 cm broad, and softly hairy.Stem:Hairy green stems 10–50 cm long that cover the ground in mats and send up short vertical shoots which bear soft violet flowers.Similar Plants:Perennial Recent Logs --Jomegat 21 May 2008 (from photos) --Jomegat 17:05, 6 June 2008 (UTC) --Jomegat 23:45, 9 June 2008 (UTC) --Jomegat 03:36, 21 June 2008 (UTC) --Jomegat 23:16, 1 July 2008 (UTC) --Jomegat 18:48, 12 July 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: New Hampshire: May, June, July
Additional images:
# BCP/Veronica officinalis/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Veronica officinalis (Heath Speedwell). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --Jomegat 21 May 2008 (from photos)
* --Jomegat 17:05, 6 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 23:45, 9 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 03:36, 21 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 23:16, 1 July 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 18:48, 12 July 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Veronica arvensis/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Veronica arvensis (Corn Speedwell). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 12:12, 5 March 2008 (UTC)
* SB Johnny-LM 08:49, 22 March 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:20, 27 March 2008 (UTC)
* SBJ 09:20, 27 March 2008 (UTC)
* SB Johnny-LM 11:42, 4 April 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 19:10, 13 April 2008 (UTC)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 12:08, 4 May 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:12, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:35, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Veronica peduncularis/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Veronica peduncularis (Speedwell). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* SB_Johnny-LM 27 April, 2007 (from photographic log)
* SB Johnny-LM 16:22, 16 April 2008 (UTC) (cv. 'Georgia Blue')

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Veronica peregrina

Veronica peregrina
| flowering plant Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Veronica peregrina (Purslane Speedwell, Neckweed) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs Jomegat 00:17, 7 May 2010 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Spring, Late Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) April, May New Hampshire: May, June
Additional images:
# Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directory/Navarra

Welcome to the Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directoy listing for Navarra.
# Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directory/Madrid

Welcome to the Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directoy listing for Madrid.
# Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directory/País Vasco

Welcome to the Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directoy listing for País Vasco.

## 2009-2010

Jason Davies
Destino: Bilbao, EOI Getxo Titulo: BA (Hons) Spanish Studies
Facebook networks: Manchester, Manchester Metroplolitan University
# Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directory/Islas Canarias

Welcome to the Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directoy listing for Islas Canarias.
# Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directory/La Rioja

Welcome to the Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directoy listing for La Rioja.
# Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directory/Murcia

Welcome to the Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directoy listing for Murcia.
# Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directory/Valencia

Welcome to the Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directoy listing for Valencia.
# Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directory/Extremadura

Welcome to the Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directoy listing for Extremadura.

## 2010-2011
#### Lambert, Mary-Ryan

Name: Mary-Ryan Lambert From: Atlanta, Georgia, USA Location in Spain: Jerez de los Caballeros, Extremadura Schools: I.E.S. Ramón Carande, I.E.S. El Pomar University(ies) Attended: Kennesaw State University Degree(s) Received: B.A. Modern Languages: Spanish and Applied Business Facebook: www.facebook.com/maryryan.lambert E-mail : maryryan.lambert@gmail.com

## 2009-2010
#### Salas, Cheri

Name:* (Salas, Cheri) From:* (San Francisco, CA USA) Location in Spain:* (Cabeza del Buey, Badajoz, Extremadura) Level of Instruction:* (Primary/Secondary) University(ies) Attended: (Saint Mary's College of California) Degree(s) Received: (B.A.-Spanish, B.A.-International Area Studies: Latin America) Has Facebook: (Yes) E-mail :
Message Board Name: (csalas)
# Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directory/Galicia

Welcome to the Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directoy listing for Galicia.
# Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directory/Islas Baleares

Welcome to the Auxiliares de Conversación, Language and Culture Assistants in Spain Directoy listing for Las Islas Baleares (Balearic Islands).

## 2009-2010
#### Borders, Derron Stephen

Name: Borders, Derron Stephen From: Circleville, Ohio, United States of America Location in Spain: Las Islas Baleares Level of Instruction:
University(ies) Attended: The Ohio State University Degree(s) Received: B.A. in Linguistics, B.A. in French Has Facebook: Yes E-mail: Derron.S.Borders[at]gmail[dot]com Message Board Name: TheGlossophile