OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Instructional design/Affective behaviors

<< Instructional Design

## Module Goal

Trainers or instructional designers will develop a rich toolbox of affective methods and strategies and be able to apply those methods and strategies to develop affective behaviors in learners. Additionally, trainers or instructional designers will be able to critique and defend the application of affective instructional methods and strategies. The result shall be instruction that is effective, efficient, and appealing.

## Affective Instructional Strategies Lessons

Click a lesson title to begin that lesson.
* Introduction - What is the Affective Domain?
* Oh No! Not Another Lecture
* Character Education - Back in Style
* What methods best support affective elements?
* Designing for the Affective Domain: The Design Document
| Instructional Design | Next > |
# Instructional design/Affective behaviors/A Comprehensive Approach to Character Development/Task Two Worksheet

Back to Page 2 of Lesson 3: Page Two: A Comprehensive Approach to Character Development
Task Two Worksheet
To fill out worksheet, please print.
1. List the six guidelines presented by Simonson and Maushak for effective design of attitude instruction.
2. List the three key instructional approaches relating to the behavioral aspects of attitude learning presented by Smith and Ragan.
3. Identify each of the strategies listed below as either being a classroom strategy or a schoolwide strategy by putting a C for classroom or S for schoolwide next to each strategy.
* Develop students' caring beyond the classroom through exposure to altruistic role models and continuing opportunities for service (in face-to-face relationships) in their schools and communities.
* Teachers should respect and care about their students, set a good example, and provide directive moral guidance.
* Create a caring classroom community by helping students to know each other as persons; respect, care about, and affirm each other; and feel a valued member of the group.
* Help students develop moral reasoning, self-discipline, and respect for others.
* Involve students, through regular class meetings, in shared decision-making.
* Teach virtues through the curriculum by "mining" it for its moral potential.
* Recruit parents and the community as partners in character education.
* Use cooperative learning to give students regular practice on important social and moral competencies while learning academic material and to contribute to the development of a cohesive and caring classroom community. Students should regularly reflect on how well they cooperated, and should develop guidelines.
* Help students develop the "conscience of craft" (desire to do a good job), including self-discipline, persistence, dependability, diligence, and responsibility, by setting a good example, combining high expectations and high support, engaging all learners, and assigning regular and meaningful homework.
* Create a positive moral culture in the school by defining, modeling, teaching, and upholding the school's character expectations in all areas of school life. Participatory school democracy is a powerful tool for mobilizing the peer culture on the side of virtue.
* Teach students what the virtues are, how their habitual practice will lead to a more fulfilling life, and how each of us must take responsibility for developing our own character.
* Teach students how to resolve conflicts.
Check your answers to find out how you did!
Back to Page 2 of Lesson 3: Page Two: A Comprehensive Approach to Character Development
| Instructional Design: Homepage | Affective behaviors: Homepage | Lesson 1 | Lesson 2 | Lesson 3 | Lesson 4 | Lesson 5 |
# Instructional design/Affective behaviors/Character Education - Back in Style/Task One Worksheet

Back to Lesson 3: Character Education - Back in Style
Task One Worksheet
To fill out worksheet, please print.
1. List at least five values upon which this theory is based.
2. List the three goals of character education.
3. List the six pillars of character education and provide an example for each one by filling out the table below.
* #1
* #2
* #3
* #4
* #5
* #6
Check your answers to find out how you did!
Back to Lesson 3: Character Education - Back in Style
| Instructional Design: Homepage | Affective behaviors: Homepage | Lesson 1 | Lesson 2 | Lesson 3 | Lesson 4 | Lesson 5 |
# Mathematics for Applied Sciences (Osnabrück 2023-2024)/Vector space/Simple properties/Fact/Proof/Exercise/Exercisereferencenumber

Exercise 22.34
# Mathematics for Applied Sciences (Osnabrück 2023-2024)/Vector space/Linear subspace/Dimensions/Compare/Fact/Factreferencenumber

Corollary 23.20
# Mathematics for Applied Sciences (Osnabrück 2023-2024)/Vector space/Introductory example/Mulled wine/Example/Examplereferencenumber

Example 21.1
# Mathematics of theoretical physics

Physical theories and formulae are largely expressed through the language of mathematics, arguably the most effective quantitative language we have for the sciences. From the invention of calculus through to Einstein's Theory of General Relativity and the recent heavy use of mathematics in string theory, developments in mathematics and theoretical physics have been intimately intertwined since the time of the Renaissance.

## Foundations

A strong mastery of basic high-school level algebra, trigonometry, analytic and synthetic geometry, and single-variable calculus is required at the very least if one wishes to do serious research in the physical sciences. Calculus is used extensively in Newtonian mechanics and gravity, for example with the second order linear differential equation F = ma.

### Multivariable calculus

Multivariable Calculus is the extension of calculus to multiple variables. Gradients, curls, divergences, and all that are essential to understanding continuum theories and most notably Maxwell's equations for Electromagnetism.

### Differential equations

Differential equations relate derivatives of functions and are used extensively for physical models. A few examples include:
* Thermodynamics: the heat equation
* Quantum Mechanics: the Schrodinger wave equation
* Mechanics: Euler-Lagrange equations, action
** Noether's theorem: symmetry and conversation laws, Noether's current

### Linear Algebra

Understanding crucial in quantum mechanics as well as in many classical mechanics applications involving rotation and moments of inertia, among other things.

## Advanced
### Group Theory

Used particularly in particle physics, parts of quantum mechanics, Noether's theorem

### Differential Geometry

This forms the language of Einstein's theory of general relativity, which models spacetime as a four-dimensional spacetime Lorentzian manifold.

## Mathematical tricks

* Legendre Transformation: used in thermodynamics and classical mechanics to convert between Hamiltonian and Lagrangian formulations

## See Also

* workbook for Mathematics of Theoretical Physics
# English-Chinese/The North Atlantic is part of the Atlantic

The North Atlantic is part of the Atlantic Ocean north of the equator.
北大西洋是赤道以北大西洋的一部分。
# English-Chinese/The State of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west

The State of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east and across the Bering Strait from Russia to the west.
阿拉斯加州位于北美洲的西北角，东与加拿大接壤，西与俄罗斯隔着白令海峡相望。
# English-Chinese/The UK's Freedom of Information Act was passed in 2004

The UK's Freedom of Information Act was passed in 2004. It lets people ask questions of the government.
英国的“信息自由法案”于2004年通过。它让人们向政府提出问题。
# English-Chinese/The Milky Way is our galaxy

The Milky Way is our galaxy. It contains more than 200 billion stars, including our sun.
银河系是我们的星系。 它包含超过2000亿颗恒星，包括我们的太阳。
# English-Chinese/The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's ocean

The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's ocean.
太平洋 是 地球上 最大 和 最深的 海洋。
# English-Chinese/The Southern Ocean consists of the southernmost waters of the world's oceans, between 60° south and Antarctica

The Southern Ocean consists of the southernmost waters of the world's oceans, between 60° south and Antarctica.
南大洋由世界海洋最南端的水域组成，位于南纬60°和南极洲之间。
# English-Chinese/The Latin name of the family of sardine is Clupeidae

The Latin name of the family of sardine is Clupeidae.
沙丁鱼家族的拉丁学名是Clupeidae。
# English-Chinese/The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine time zones

The U.S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean and the Caribbean Sea, stretching across nine time zones.
美国领土分散在太平洋和加勒比海周围，横跨九个时区。
# English-Chinese/The Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study demonstrated that intimal lesions appear in all the aortas and more than half of the right coronary arteries of youths aged 7–9 years

The Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) study demonstrated that intimal lesions appear in all the aortas and more than half of the right coronary arteries of youths aged 7–9 years.
青年动脉粥样硬化的病理生物学决定因素（PDAY）研究表明，7-9岁青少年的所有主动脉和超过一半的右冠状动脉出现内膜损伤。
# English-Chinese/The Pope is the highest authority in the Catholic church

The Pope is the highest authority in the Catholic church.
教皇是天主教会的最高权威。
# Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2015/Fall/Section 020

This project is associated with English 105i.020 at the University of North Carolina.

## Project

Using the archives at the University of North Carolina's Wilson Library, students examined the life of one individual profiled by the Federal Writers' Project. These individuals ranged from farmers to fisherman to thieves and well beyond. Using FWP interviews,students not only documented the life of these individuals, but also examined the social, political, and cultural contexts surrounding each individual's life during the Great Depression. Below are the links to the student projects.

## Life Histories

Special:Prefixindex/Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2015/Fall/Section 020/
# Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2021/Fall/Section018/Joe Vaughn
## Biography

Joe Vaughn was a southern farmer who lived and worked through the Great Depression, America's most devastating recession.

##### Early Life

Joe Vaughn was born in Canada to an Englishman and French Canadian woman. Vaughn’s father moved directly from England to Canada and immediately met Vaughn’s mother. When Vaughn was at a very young age, he moved to New Iberia, Louisiana where he stayed for sixty-three years.

##### Working Life

In New Iberia, Vaughn worked as a farmer, who also frequently enjoyed fishing and hunting. After the Great Depression started, the recession impacted workers and laborers all across the country. New Iberia was hit hard, so the work became slow and not sufficient for Vaughn and his family. A friend briefly encouraged Vaughn and a couple other farmers to work in Biloxi, Mississippi, however Vaughn quickly left and set up shop in Bayou La Batre, Alabama instead. In Bayou La Batre Vaughn and his wife worked for Dorgan McPhillips Packing Company, a shrimping and oyster shucking camp.

##### Personal Life

Joe Vaughn met and married a French native of Louisiana named Ezora during his time in New Iberia. The woman could not speak any English and was slightly older than Vaughn himself at sixty-seven years of age. Together, the couple had ten children, five boys and five girls. Tragically, one of the sons drowned in a river when he was young, and four others had since passed away. When Vaughn and Ezora moved to Bayou La Batre, there were only five children left, as well as many grandchildren.

## Social Context
##### The Great Depression

The work that Vaughn did in Alabama was drastically different from what he was accustomed to before the Great Depression. The factories Vaughn worked for in Bayou La Batre would shut down for months at a time due to labor and union strikes, leaving them with only so many pay days but still a family to feed. Although they were only able to make about $7.00 in a good week, Joe and Ezora remained stable and grateful considering they were part of the record low 67% of the population that kept jobs during the depression.

##### Farming in the Late 1920's

Many historians believe that a major cause of the Great Depression was an overproduction in farming. There were too many crops being produced that people could not afford to buy. That then caused a sudden stop in farming, affecting many people's jobs such as Joe Vaughn’s career as a farmer. Labor unions and strikes were also common, and Vaughn faced many of those working in Bayou La Batre at the shucking company.
# Motivation and emotion/Book/2023/Banner

* Motivation and emotion:
* Understanding and improving our motivational and emotional lives using psychological science (2023)
* Topic selection |
* Topic development |
* Book chapter |
* Multimedia presentation
* Lecture 01 | Tutorial 01 | Lecture 02 | Tutorial 02
* Key
* best chapter
* high quality chapter
* low quality chapter
* best presentation
* high quality presentation
# Open science/Links
## Tag content!

Let's collect content regarding open science by tagging it in the web! Please use the tag "openscientists" (plural) in your social bookmarking account, on flickr, youtube, whatever...
* delicious links tagged with "openscientists"
* CiteULike references tagged with "openscientists"

## Collection of Links

Alternatively, you can add links here:
* Principles for Open Science at sciencecommons.org
* Interview with Christian Spannagel about Open Science (German)
* What's Science 2.0? on spreadingscience.com
* Corpus callosum: 1st edition of open science round-up on shirleywho.wordpress.com
* Open Anthropology
* FriendFeed Science 2.0 room
# Open source cantennas

Part of Technical writing projects at wikiversity.
Open source cantennas allow users to utilize focused wifi signals for great distances.
This is also known as a "Pringles Cantenna".
Describe users including their hardware, radio, or electrical wiring experience, if any.
Search with keyword "cantenna"
Do not copy/paste. Summarizing what you read and referencing the place you found the information is encouraged.
Remember the audience you are writing for.
* Enthusiasts
* Engineers
* Policy makers
* Journalists
* Do it yourselfers
Some video links to demos would be great.

## Outside References

(If you paraphrase this or any other site, you must reference it.)
A well done cantenna description Copyright 2003-2007 Gregory Rehm.
# Open science/List
## About this page

This page contains a list of open scientists and supporters. Please add yourself! (alphabetically sorted by surname)

## List of Open Scientists and Supporters

* MOstafa Akbari (when I'm grown up I will become a scientist and also an open scients, Neuron! networker)
* Sören Auer (open Semantic Web researcher ;-) and founder of OpenResearch.org)
* Mario Donick (linguist with an affinity to communication science; | WISSENSCHAFT in progress)
* Jana Hochberg (interested, Neuron! networker)
* Jean-Pol Martin (see my article: Wikipedia Theoriebildung and Neuron! networker)
* Daniel Mietchen (in Neuron! since yesterday, 16.6.2008)
* Alexander Rausch (knowledge worker, interested person, Neuron! networker)
* Marc Scheloske (social scientist, science blogger [Wissenswerkstatt])
* Christian Spannagel (Neuron! networker; see the following weblog article; contact me)
* Klaus Stegmann (Unternehmensberater, coach of founders, active in politics and society)
* Jan Vanvinkenroye (interested! Neuron! networker)
* Falko Wilms (see my project: Wiwiwiki Organizational Behaviour)
# Open science/Related articles
## Related Articles

* Black, E.W. (2008). "Wikipedia and academic peer review". Online Information Review 32 (1): 73-88. http://www.emeraldinsight.com/Insight/viewContentItem.do?contentType=Article&hdAction=lnkhtml&contentId=1711359.
* Felt, U.: Scientific Citizenship (German)
* Hellemans, A. (2001). "Science shops provide non-profit alternative". Nature 412 (4-5). http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v412/n6842/full/nj6842-04a0.html.
* Martin, J.-P.: Wikipedia Theoriebildung (German)
* Mietchen, D.: How open can science and research be?
* Mietchen, D. & Sarbadhikari, S.: Reference knowledge structured by experts and the public?
* OECD (1997). Promoting Public Understanding of Science and Technology. Paris: OECD.
* José Quesada on why open science has failed to take off (so far)
* Scheloske, M.: Demokratisierung der Wissenschaftskommunikation (German)
* Scheloske, M.: Weshalb dem öffentlichen Wissenschaftler die Zukunft gehört (German)
* Spannagel, C.: EuroScience Tip Sheet "How an open scientist can use twitter"
* Spannagel, C.: Der öffentliche Wissenschaftler (German) (follow-up)
* Spannagel, C.: Öffentliche Wissenschaft - eine Bastelanleitung (German)
* spektrumdirekt: "Dritte Kultur" oder Demokratisierung der Wissenschaft: Wie treffen sich Forschung und Öffentlichkeit?

## Related Books

* Faulstich, P. (2006). Öffentliche Wissenschaft. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag. ISBN 978-3899424553.
* Faulstich, P. (2008). Vermittler wissenschaftlichen Wissens. Biographien von Pionieren öffentlicher Wissenschaft. Bielefeld: transcript Verlag. ISBN 978-3-89942-878-0.
* Gibbons, M. et al. (1994). The New Production of Knowledge. The dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies. Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore: SAGE Publications.
# Open source education

This Education resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
# Open source software

* Please help develop and classify this resource
* Learn how you can develop this resource to teach participants about Open source software. Choose a subject, education level, and resource type to classify the resource by. You may learn more about the topic to help you develop and classify the resource from:

## Operating systems

* Ubuntu

## Video

* mp4cam2avi - Converts .mov files to .avi

## 2d animation

* Pencil - For Linux, Windows, and Mac
# Power Generation/Gas Turbine Power/Part2

Figure 2:A diagram of IGCC (integrated gasification combined cycle) power plant ( Click on image to view full size image ) :
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
| It is simple to design & construct compared to a Steam Power station, since no boilers are required. | Problem of starting. Compressor needs to be operating thus external source of power is necessary. |
| Much smaller compared to Steam Power station of same capacity | Net output is low since greater power is used to drive compressor. |
| Lower operating costs | Overall efficiency of plant is low ≈ 20% because of exhaust gases still containing heat. only efficient in a Combined cycle configuration |
| Less water used since there is no need for a condenser | Temperature of combustion chamber is too high thus resulting in a lower life. |
| Maintenance charges are low | . |
| Can be started quickly | . |
| No stand-by losses | . |
This schematic diagram must be properly understood. it is the basis upon which Typical Gas turbine power station designs are done. the individual power station complexity may differ slightly to the schematic and yet over and above that will use the same principle. :
# Power Generation/Hydro Power/Intro

Review: Lesson 2
The previous Lesson discussed the steam power station. Here are some points you need to remember from lesson 2.
* Schematic Arrangement of steam power station.
* Types of cooling sytems for a steam power station.
* Location & Efficiency of steam power station.
Preview: Lesson 3
This Lesson is about Hydro Power station. The student/User is expected to understand the following at the end of the lesson.
* Basics:
* Arrangements:
* Location:
* Pumped storage scheme:
Definition, advantages & disadvantages. components that make up a steam power station. Factors influencing selection of construction site. Overview & comparison to Hydro-power station.
# Power Generation/Hydro Power/Part4

Below are equations used for calculations involving this kind of power station:
Weight of the water head:
The potential energy of the water head:
Thus the equivelent electrical energy will be:
Electrical enegry can also be expressed as:
Where:
* m = mass (in Kg)
* g = constant ≈$9.8m.s^{-2}$
* h/H = water head height (metres)
* ρ = density of water ($m^{3}$)
# Power Generation/Hydro Power/Part5

Below are furhter equations used for calculations involving this kind of power station:
Gross plant capacity (G.C):
The firm capacity (F.C) will therefore be:
Thus the yearly gross out put:
We can also estimate the volume of flow per annum:
$V_{annum}=Catchment_{.}Area\times Annual_{.}Rainfall\times Yield_{.}Factor$
(in kWh) ... Equation 3.8
Where:
* η = Efficiency
* m = mass (in Kg)
* g = constant ≈$9.8m.s^{-2}$
* h/H = water head height (metres)
* ρ = density of water ($m^{3}$)
# Power Generation/Hydro Power/Part1

* Figure 1:Krasnoyarsk hydroelectric station in Russia ( Click on image to view full size image )
Introduction: Hydro Power station
A hydro power station uses potential energy of water at high level for generating electrical energy.
This power station is generally located in hilly areas where dams can be built conveniently and large water reservoirs can be obtained. This kind of power station can be used to produce large amounts of electrical energy. In most countries these power stations are used as peak load power stations. This is because they can be started and stopped easily and fast.
Operation
The water from the dam is lead to the water turbine through the penstock. Here the hydraulic energy of water is converted to rotational mechanical energy by the turbine. The turbine is connected to the generator through the turbine shaft and hence mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by the generator.
Pros & Cons: what this power station presents
| Advantages | Disadvantages |
| Requires no fuel, thus called clean power station | Very high capital cost for dam construction |
| Small running charges and no need for specialised manpower | Uncertainty about availability of huge amounts of water |
| Simple construction & requires less maintenance | Skilled personel required for construction |
| Very robust & has long life | High cost of transmission line as plant is located in hilly areas. |
| Also used for flood control and irrigation | Impacts native watershed ecology |
Future generations will want to depend more on this type of electricity generating power station (and other renewable energy sources), due to a fast increasing depletion of fuels(Coal). There are a number of construction projects currently underway for this kind of power station around the world.
# Power Generation/Hydro Power/Part6

it is imp part of the power plant
# Power Generation/Hydro Power/Part3

| Figure 4:Pumped storage scheme power station diagram ( Click on image to view full size image ) | Pumped storage schemes are a convenient way of storing large quantities of energy which can be used during emergency or peaking times. Operation: During off-Peak hours, the plant draws electric energy from the electrical grid & uses that to pump water to the upper reservoir. When Peak time comes, the water from the upper reservoir is released & electric energy is generated in the lower reservoir. This cycle is repeated daily. By their nature, pumped storage schemes cannot be used as base load power stations. These are strictly used for peak time supply as they can be brought on-line quickly. Comparison: Hydro power plantPumped storage plant Once water passes through penstock & turbine, it is released into the riverWater is re-used by pumping and generative action of the scheme. Can be used for irrigation & flood controlCan be used for pumping water from readly available areas to areas in need of water Can still be used as base load stationcan not be used as base load station as it can only generate for limited hours |
| As evident from above table, both power stations are very desirable for use that goes outside of electrical energy generation confines. This schematic diagram must be properly understood. it is the basis upon which pumped-storage scheme power station designs are done. the individual power station complexity may differ slightly to the schematic and yet over and above that will use the same principle. ||