OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# BCP/Fagopyrum esculentum/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Fagopyrum esculentum (Buckwheat). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 08:28, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:30, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 13:14, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* --SB_Johnny | 11:34, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:29, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
# BCP/Fagus grandifolia

Fagus grandifolia
| Leaves of Fagus grandifolia Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Fagus grandifolia (American Beech) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs SB_Johnny-LM 10:59, 20 April 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) April
Additional images:
# BCP/Euphorbia lathyris/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Euphorbia lathyris (Caper spurge). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* SB_Johnny May 15 2007 (from photographs)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:31, 4 July 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:56, 1 December 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:12, 17 May 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:47, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 08:54, 2 June 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:07, 20 July 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 09:05, 16 August 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Euthamia graminifolia/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Euthamia graminifolia (Grass-leaved Goldenrod). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 13:46, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
* SB Johnny-LM 09:23, 8 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 14:08, 16 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:59, 13 October 2007 (UTC) (a few still flowering)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:35, 29 July 2008 (UTC) (last 2 weeks)
* --SB_Johnny 18:28, 24 September 2008 (UTC)
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Cosmopolitan Club
## Summary

Name of Society: Cosmopolitan Club
Country: England
City: London
Active Dates: 1852–1902
A exclusive social club where lively conversation was encouraged. The club was limited to 150 members but encouraged members to bring guests, especially those from foreign lands and its main topic of discussion was politics on any given day. The club had a strong artistic representations including, Anthony Trollope.
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Free Masonic Lodge "True Harmony"
## Summary

Name of Society: Free Masonic Lodge "True Harmony"
Country: Austria
City: Vienna
Active Dates: 1781 - 1789
The Free Masonic Lodge "True Harmony" was founded March 12th, 1781 and consisted of free masons. Ignaz Fischer was the first leader of this society. Shortly after being founded, Ignaz Edler von Born joined the society and brought his following. Born was a scientist mainly dealing with mineralogy and mining. He brought forth improvements in mining and other mechanical things, one such method being extracting metal by amalgamation.
The Free Masonic Lodge had many Viennese writers contribute to it. Also many of these same writers believed it was an honor to be a part of the Lodge. The reason it is called a Lodge is because it follows the ideas of Enlightenment, or show that you are. The Lodge was the main society for intellectual life in Vienna but the strict rules such as following exact Enlightenment ideas and anti-clerical ideas limited what the Lodge could do in the world.
The downfall of the Free Masonic Lodge was the other group called the Illuminati. There are a lot of similarities between the Free Masons and the Illuminati. One difference between the two groups is that Free Masons are allowed to practice in public but Illuminati's were not allowed to and had to practice secretly in private. The reason Illuminatis had to practice secretly is because they had supported revolutionary activities and Kaiser Joseph II was scared of their actions. Joseph also thought since the Free Mason's had similar ideas, he enabled the Freimaurerpatent. This was put into place to get rid of secret lodges and also only allowed each city to have one lodge. Then this lodge must give in its membership list to the police of the city.
After this patent, the Free Masonic Lodge stopped all activities 4 days after it was put into place. Also membership declined because they did not want appear on the list that the monarch would see. The Lodge met rarely between 1787 and 1789. Finally in 1789, there was an unanimous decision to get rid of the Free Mason Lodge.
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Netherlands Society for Industry & Trade
## Summary

Name of Society: Netherlands Society for Industry & Trade
Country: Netherlands
City: Amsterdam
Years Active: 1777 - present
The company is a large organization with approximately 4500 members and a small professional office in The Hague.
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Königliche Landwirthschaftsgesellschaft zu Celle
## Summary

* Society was founded March 18, 1764
* Königliche Landwirthschaftsgesellschaft zu Celle translates Royal Agricultural Society in Celle
* Founding City: Celle, Germany
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Literary and Antiquarian Society of Perth
## Summary

Name of Society: Literary and Antiquarian Society of Perth
Other Names: Antiquarian Society of Perth
Country: England
City: Perth
Active Dates: ca. 1784-1914
The Antiquarian Society of Perth was formed in 1784 by Reverends James Scott, Adam Peebles,J D Mcgregor,and J Duff. The society was formed for research and the collection of antiques of that time. The Literary and Antiquarian Society of Perth was disbanded in 1914 when it sold its collection and building to the Perth Town Council.
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Deutsche Gesellschaft in Leipzig
## Summary

Name of Society:Deutsche Gesellschaft in Leipzig
Alternate Name(s):Görlitzische Poetische Gesellschaft, Teutschübende Poetische Gesellschaft,
Country:Germany
City: Leipzig, Saxony
Active Dates: 1697-1827
The Deutsch Gesellschaft was created in 1697 to further the importance of the German language and sought to be like the Académie Française which held the same ideals but in France instead of Germany. The Gesellschaft has been known by three different names Görlitzische Poetische Gesellschaft, Teutschübende Poetische Gesellschaft, and finally Deutsche Gesellschaft. The Deutsche Gesellschaft existed on its own until 1827 when it merged with an academy named Verein zur Erforschung vaterländischer Geschichte und Alterthümer and the combination of the two was to be named Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Erforschung vaterländischer Sprache und Alterthümer.
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Juridical Society of Edinburgh
## Summary

Name of Society: Juridical Society of Edinburgh
Alternate Name(s):
Country: Scotland
City: Edinburgh
Active dates: 1773-1908
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/L'Académie Royal de Chirurgie
## Overview

L'Académie Royal de Chirurgie translates to The Royal Academy of Surgery. This academy eventually is revised to the National Academy of Surgery which is still around today.
The Royal Academy of Surgery was founded by George Mareschal, who was the first surgeon of Louis XV, in 1731. He created the academy to "associate the attention of surgeons in the Kingdom and foreign countries that are most successful in the art of surgery." The Academy flourished until the year of 1793 when a law was passed that demanded the Royal Academy of Surgery and the Royal Society of Medicine be disbanded. In 1820, the law passed in 1793 was overturned and this allowed a new group to be created. Society for Surgery of Paris was founded in 1843 and replaced the Royal Academy of Surgery. Auguste Berard and his companions wanted to create a Society that could meet the needs of the surgery field. This is because of the incredibly fast growth in different techniques. 1865 comes with a name change from Society for Surgery of Paris to Imperial Society of Surgery. Then 1875 another name change to National Society of Surgery. Finally the final name change to The National Academy of Surgery happens in 1997.

## Facilities

1731: Facilities at Barber Surgeons St Como (in the amphitheater next to Couvent des Cordeliers)
1768-1775: Gondouin Building at College of Burgundy, Construction of new building ordered by Louis XV
1843: Room in Hotel de Villi in Paris
1852: Abbey Company No. 3 (old abbey of Saint-Germin-des-Pres)
1900: Rue de Seine (rented mansion)
1974: Apartment at 26 Boulevard Raspail, Meetings held at Council of Chambers of the Old School of Medicine
1993: Back at original facility, St Como

## Journals

* Memoirs of the Royal Academy of Surgery - 1743
* Memoirs Royal Academy Surgery - 1787
* Memoirs of the Surgical Society of Paris - 1847
* Bulletin of the Surgical Society of Paris - 1848
* Bulletin - 1848 - 1850
* Bulletin Imperial Society Surgery - 1865
* Bulletins and Memoirs of the Surgical Society of Paris - 1875
* Bulletins and Memoirs of the National Society of Surgery - 1924 - 1936
* Memoirs of the Academy of Surgery - 1936 - 1969
* Surgery, Memoirs of the Academy of Surgery - 1970 - 1997
* Surgery - 1998 - 1999
* Annals of Surgery - 2000
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Literary Society in Exeter
## Summary

Name of Society: Literary Society in Exeter
Alternate Name(s): Society of Gentlemen at Exeter, Gentlemen of Devonshire and Cornwall
Country: England
City: Exeter
Active dates: 1792-1808
The Literary Society in Exeter was founded in 1792 by William Jackson and with the help of a couple of his friends. Meetings were held at the Globe Inn on Fore Street, each member present read an original prose or verse composition. The association published in 1792 'Poems chiefly by Gentlemen of Devonshire and Cornwall' (2 vols.), edited by Polwhele, and in 1796 'Essays by a Society of Gentlemen at Exeter.'
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester
## Summary

Name of Society: Literary and Philosophical Society of Manchester
Alternate Name(s): Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, The Lit and Phil
Country: England
City: Manchester
Active dates: 1781-present
The Society was formed on February 28, 1781 and still exists today. In 1799 the Society moved into its purpose built premises at 36 George Street, Manchester, which it occupied until the building was completely destroyed in the Christmas 1940 blitz.
It's objective is "to promote the advancement of education and the widening of public interest in, and appreciation of, any form of literature, science, the arts and public affairs, provided that no activity involving party politics or controversial theology shall be included in the pursuit of these objectives."
The original members of the Society were surgeons, apothecaries and physicians until about 1861 when its membership grew to over 200 members which included engineers, manufacturers, merchants and at the beginning of the 20th century women were admitted to the Society.
The funding for the society is based on the donations of its members.
# Continuous function/Closed bounded interval/Maximum is attained/Fact

Let $[a,b]\subseteq \mathbb {R}$ be a closed bounded interval, and let
    $f\colon [a,b]\longrightarrow \mathbb {R}$
denote a continuous function.
$x\in [a,b]$ such that
    $f(x)\geq f(x'){\text{ for all }}x'\in [a,b].$
This means that the function attains its maximum (and its minimum).
# Continuous function/Closed interval/Continuous continuation/Exercise

Let
    $f\colon [a,b]\longrightarrow \mathbb {R}$
be a continuous function. Show that there exists a continuous extension
    ${\tilde {f}}\colon \mathbb {R} \longrightarrow \mathbb {R}$
of $f$.
# Continuous function/Closed interval to itself/Fixed point/Exercise

Let
    $f\colon [a,b]\longrightarrow [a,b]$
be a continuous function from the interval $[a,b]$ into itself. Prove that $f$ has a fixed point.
# Continuous function/Closed interval to onesided open/Not surjective/Exercise

Let
    $f\colon [0,1]\longrightarrow [0,1[$
be a continuous function. Prove that $f$ is not surjective.
# Continuous function/Between two local maxima/Minimum/Exercise

Let
    $f\colon I\longrightarrow \mathbb {R}$
be a continuous function defined over a real interval. The function has at points $x_{1},x_{2}\in I$, $x_{1}<x_{2}$, local maxima. Prove that the function has between $x_{1}$ and $x_{2}$ has at least one local minimum.
# Continuous function/Closed interval to one-sided open/Not surjective/Exercise

Let
    $f\colon [0,1]\longrightarrow [0,1[$
be a continuous function. Show that $f$ is not surjective.
# Continuous function/Intermediate value theorem/Value c/Exercise

We consider the mapping $f\colon \mathbb {R} \setminus {\{0,1\}}\rightarrow \mathbb {R}$ given by
    $f(x)={\frac {1}{x^{3}}}+{\frac {1}{(x-1)^{3}}}\,.$
Show, using the intermediate value theorem, that $f$ obtains every value $c\neq 0$ at least in two points.
# Continuous function/Bonded on bounded interval/No maximum/Example/Exercise

Give an example of a bounded interval $I\subseteq \mathbb {R}$ and a continuous function
    $f\colon I\longrightarrow \mathbb {R}$
$f$
# Continuous function/Integral equality/Point equality/Exercise

Let
    $f,g\colon [a,b]\longrightarrow \mathbb {R}$
be two continuous functions such that
    $\int _{a}^{b}f(x)dx=\int _{a}^{b}g(x)dx\,.$
Prove that there exists $c\in [a,b]$ such that $f(c)=g(c)$.
# Aquaria/Leopard bush fish

Leopard bush fish are kept in aquaria, often as a hardy oddball that fits into most community tanks. In the wild, it is a predator, so it will take small fish up to the general size of an adult female guppy; anything larger than this will for the most part be ignored. It is not generally a good idea to mix this fish with large aggressive cichlids, as they may injure the leopard bush fish or outcompete it for food. Good tank mates for the leopard bush fish include all gourami species, bala sharks, Metynnis argenteus silver dollars, Corydoras and Plecostomus species, Ancistrus catfish, and anything that will not fit into its mouth. They use lots of space and places to hide, so a 55-gallon aquarium is acceptable if it is not overstocked and has good filtration.(ctenopoma-acutirostre)
In the wild, leopard bush fish will eat any fish or insect they come across small enough to fit into their mouths. In the aquarium, though, they will readily learn to accept dead alternatives such as bloodworms (chironomid midge larvae) and some sinking pellets. Many people prefer to feed them with live food so they are able to watch the leopard bush fish's unusual stalking method.
# Aquaria/Metynnis argenteus

Metynnis argenteus, one of several species called silver dollars, are often kept in aquaria.

## Behaviour

A very peaceful shoaling species, M. argenteus can be skittish and timid if left without any kind of shelter, and if kept in isolation they tend to become reclusive. Kept in a shoal, given plenty of room to move and provided with cover behind which they can hide if they feel threatened, they do very well indeed. Contrary to popular myth they are not overly demanding with regard to water quality, though they do best in warm, clear, well-aerated, mobile and well-filtered water. They are peaceful enough to be trusted with much smaller fish than themselves, and robust enough to cope in the company of much larger fish.

## Diet

Widely said to be vegetarians, M. argenteus (like all other known Metynnis species) are, in fact, omnivores. They will readily and eagerly accept dried flake food as well as live and frozen foods like bloodworm, shelled shrimps, rinsed tuna, daphnia and brine shrimp. Their diet should be varied to keep them in good condition. They will nibble at sliced cucumber and show considerable interest in shelled peas and carrots, boiled potato and small chunks of fresh and tinned fruit. They will hack at live plants all day long to the extent that aquarists routinely forego live plants in a tank containing silver dollars and resort to decorating with plastic plants instead.

## Spawning

In most cases, sexual maturity sets in when M. argenteus grow to around four inches long, though this remains variable. Among a given shoal, the males tend to become active before the females and spend a period of time sparring while the females look on. When the females do eventually become sexually active, courtship and spawning in a healthy shoal kept under optimum conditions often become a daily activity. M. argenteus are prolific, group-spawning egg scatterers which show little if any interest in their own young. They scatter eggs among fine-leaved plants as well as directly on to the substrate during a characteristic, side-by-side, shimmying courtship ritual. It is a common practice among breeders to put a layer of marbles on the bottom of the tank if breeding is desired in a community tank. The idea is that the eggs fall between the gaps in the marbles where they can develop in peace: other fish can't get to them during that vulnerable period and when the fry do eventually rise they are equipped with a chance of dodging predators.
# Arab oil and economy

Arab oil and the global economical crisis
From the book 'Middle East Annual Review'‎ (1975) - Page 141 by Economist Intelligence Unit (Great Britain), Michael Field - Business & Economics: "The OPEC oil-price revolution of 1973-4 was mainly to blame for the present plight of developing countries and for the world recession". .
In Jun. 25, 1979 there were efforts of 'Teaming Up Against OPEC' by Jimmy Carter and the leaders of Western Europe, Canada and Japan, to prevent financial severity around the world .
Business week magazine March 25, 2002 Oil prices appear to be headed higher in coming months, which could strike a blow to the struggling global economy. Blame OPEC, which is expected to leave its output unchanged .
In May 2007, The U.S. House of Representatives acted on what's been known for years: OPEC's price-fixing conspiracy, it voted to allow the government to sue the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries for price manipulation (OPEC), With average U.S. pump prices at an all-time, inflation-adjusted high of $3.22 a gallon, the House voted 345-72 to approve the "No Oil Producing and Exporting Cartels Act of 2007," or "NOPEC.", The bill would revoke the sovereign immunity OPEC members currently enjoy from U.S. legal action and allow the Justice Department to sue them in U.S. courts. .
Jim Jubak in Sep. 18, 2007 blamed OPEC for higher oil prices and said: heading off an economic slowdown has been a fundamental part of OPEC policy.
Manraaj Singh Editor Profit Hunter: 'Arab Oil Wealth To Dwarf US Economy!' [Apr 29, 2008] .
Walid Phares (Oct, 2008): 'OPEC manufactured the financial meltdown' and asks: 'OPEC War against America’s Economic Independence?' .
Notorios businessman Donald Trump Blasted Oil Prices and OPEC July 30th, 2008 “Oil (costs) is what is killing the world’s economy,” Observers say if the U. S. would rattle its own domestic oil supply saber it would shock the market and costs would plummet. Oil experts say the U. S. could be free of Middle East imports in less than 3 years. , he blasted major oil producing countries for the current recession and accuses large oil companies of "doing a major number" on everyone. , it’s the price of oil that is to blame, OPEC and the Saudi Arabians , on Feb. 4, 2009: "As far as the economy is concerned, though, I'm afraid that if and when the economy does get going, you'll have OPEC raise its ugly head and come out and just raise oil prices again and kill it, because I think that OPEC had a lot to do with the failing of the world economy." .
CIBC economist: 'Oil price runup to blame for global economic turmoil' (November 03, 2008) .
US president Barack Obama in his speech on February 24, 2009 said: The fact is, our economy did not fall into decline overnight. Nor did all of our problems begin when the housing market collapsed or the stock market sank. We have known for decades that our survival depends on finding new sources of energy. Yet we import more oil today than ever before. .