# Korean/Words/Sandbox
## Story

As a language isolate or island, Korean is quite a mystery. Its homeland is suggested to be somewhere in Manchuria. Nevertheless, it is hardly related to Manchurian and Mongolian, not to mention Chinese, but rather likely to Icelandic, the fittest of Old Norse, across all Eurasia and history!
Say 말, to begin with. Though commonly romanized as mal, its vowel sounds either long as [ma:l] or short as [mal], as per IPA. The former means "language," while the latter "horse" above many other things. As such, the one may well compare with Old Norse mál ("language"), while the other with Old Norse marr ("horse"). And, Swedish Malmö and Korean 말뫼 (馬山, malmoe) may commonly mean "big mound" at last, when their first syllables mean "big" owing to the horse.
The sun (日) and the moon (月) are the most vital to us of all heavenly bodies. Before history, their moves gave way to the solar and lunar calendars, respectively. In orient, meanwhile, both are regarded as the symbols of yin-yang (陰陽, 阴阳), say, the ultimate makeup of the universe.
While the week begins with the sun and the moon, say, Sunday and Monday, we will do with Tuesday, literally, ‘Tiu's day.’ Tiu or Tiw, aka, Tyr in Norse mythology, was the ancient Germanic god of war, identified with Latin Mars, whence French mardi for Tuesday, for example.
Let it begin with English thing and its kindred, together with Chinese 廳 (ting) and 鼎 (ding) likely joined.
* 鼎 (ding): tripod cauldron marking "throne, monarchy"
* Bronze inscription of 鼎 (ding)

### Tuesday

Not enough is to know that Tuesday is next to the sun's and moon's days. It literally means Tiu's day. What is Tiu at all?
Tiu or Tiw is the ancient Germanic god of war. He is identified with Tyr of Norse mythology. Romans regarded him as "Mars of Thing."
Not enough again is to know that Tuesday is followed by Odin's and Thor's and Frigg's days, named after such famous gods.
Among all these ancient Germanic gods, Tiu is alone a histoprical rather than mythological figure, specially in the East rather than West Eurasia.
Various Eastern peoples are proud of Tiu as their ancestor. So are some Koreans. And even Chinese nowadays, perhaps politically motivated.
* Mars
* marshal

## Translations

* "안 본 용은 그려도 본 뱀은 못 그린다." 눈앞에 있는 사실을 실제 그대로 파악하기는 어려움을 비유적으로 이르는 말.
    "You draw an unseen dragon (wyrm) but a seen snake (wurm)." This is to show how hard it is to know the reality in itself.

## horse bee

    https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/말벌
    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_hornet
Romanized :
| Korean | 말벌 | mal-beol |
| Chinese | 馬蜂 | mǎ-fēng |
| Mongolian | морин зөгий | morin zögij |
| Turkish | eşek arısı | eşek arısı |
| Armenian | ձիաբոռ | ji-a-boṙ |
| Hungarian | lódarázs | ló-darázs |
| Yiddish | פֿערדבין | ferd-bin |
| Manx | shellancabbyl | shellan cabbyl |

## Yule
### Comparatives

| Old English | geol, geola | geolu | gold |
| English | Yule | yellow | gold |
| Dutch | Joelfeest | geel | goud |
| German | Julfest | gelb | Gold |
| Icelandic | gulur | gull | jól |
| Norwegian | gul | gull | jul |
| Swedish | gul | guld | jul |
| Extra | joulu | melyn | gul golli |

## halo
### Extract from wikt: halo #Translations

* Basque: halo
* Catalan: halo
* Czech: halo
* Danish: halo
* Dutch: halo
* Estonian: halo
* Finnish: halo
* French: halo
* German: Halo
* Greek: άλως (álos)
* Hungarian: haló
* Latvian: halo
* Lithuanian: halas
* Norwegian: halo
* Persian: هاله‎ (hâle)
* Polish: halo
* Portuguese: halo
* Romanian: halo
* Russian: гало́ (galó)
* Roman: halo
* Spanish: halo
* Swedish: halo
* Turkish: hale
    These are hardly of natural language.

## 귀고리

| earring | sun's earring |
| Extracts from «교학고어사전» but for the asterisked (assumed) *귀골 (gwigol) 귀엣골 (gwiesgol) 귀여골 (gwiyeogol) 귀여ㅅ골 (gwiyeo's gol) 귀역고리 (gwiyeoggori) 귀역골 (gwiyeoggol) 귀엳골 (gwiyeodgol) 귀엸골회 (gwiyeolsgolhoe) 귀엿골 (gwiyeosgol) 귀엿골회 (gwiyeogolhoe) 귀엿골휘 (gwiyeogolhwi) 귀예골 (gwiyegol) 귀예ㅅ골 (gwiye's gol) 귀옛골 (gwiyesgol) 귀옛골회 (gwiyesgolhoe) | Extracts from «교학고어사전» but for the asterisked (assumed) *희골 (hvigol) *희여골 (hviyeogol) 희귀엿골 (hvigwiyeosgol) 희ㅅ귀엣골 (hvi's gwiesgol) Synonyms: 희무리 (hvimuri) 희ㅅ모로 (hvi's moro) 흿모로 (hvismoro) *흿물 (hvismul) See also: 흿귀 (hvisgwi) 흿발 (hvisbal) 흿바회 (hvisbahoe) |
| 귀고리(gwigori) or *귀골 (gwigol) | 햇무리(haesmuri) or 햇물(haesmul) |

### See also

* '귀고리'의 어원, 홍윤표(연세대학교), 새국어소식, 통권 제90호 (2006.01.)

## 눈

    RR: nun

### 눈目

    RR: nun IPA: [nun]
* eye

### 눈芽

    RR: nun IPA: [nun]
* bud

#### め #Japanese

    (me)
* eye
* bud

### 눈雪

    RR: nun IPA: [nuːn]
* snow

#### Associatives

* 아늑하다 (anug-hada, "snug")
* Love Story (1970 film)

## 꿀
### Eurasian verbal distribution for "honey"

    Adapted from wikt: honey #Translations
| Latinic$^+$ | Slavonic$^+$ | Germanic$^+$ | Turkic$^+$ |
| mel #Breton mel #Catalan mel #Galician mel #Latin mel #Portuguese mêl #Welsh méli #Greek mełr #Armenian miel #French miel #Spanish miele #Italian mil #Dalmatian mil #Irish mil #Korean | mat #Cantonese med #Bulgarian med #Czech mȇd #Serbo-Croa. med #Slovene medus #Lithuan. mesi #Estonian méz #Hungarian miód #Polish mjod #Belaruss. mjōd #Evenki mjod #Russian mitsu #Japanese môdhu #Bengali | honey #English Honig #German honing #Dutch honning #Danish honning #Norweg. honung #Swedish hunang #Faroese hunang #Iceland. hunaya #Finnish | bal #Azerbaijani bal #Bashkir bal #Buryat bal #Kalmyk bal #Kazakh bal #Kyrgyz bal #Mongolian bal #Tatar bal #Turkey bal #Turkmen |
    մեղր #Old Armenian (mełr)
    մեղու #Old Armenian (mełu, “bee”)

## 착시

The lighter, brighter surroundings,
the darker, clearer sight of things there.
(사물은 주변이 밝을 수록 더 잘 보인다) :
| #888 | #888 |
| &lt font color=#888 &gt |||
| #888 | #888 |
| &lt font color=#000 &gt |||
| The maximal contrast and sight on the righthand side |||
| #888 | < font color=#888 > | #888 |
| #888 | < font color=#000 > | #888 |
* A bar lies under the gradually brightening one; The left end looks brighter than the right one. We cannot see them absolutely but ecologically. We thus just swing from prejudice to prejudice. Evolution is simply habituation to the habitat. To deny evolution is to deny habituation silly. Such silly is to fall prey say to corona-virus!

## marl

    Concerning:
    not English marl
    but Korean 말 (mal, "language")
    for Korean orthography in Latin alphabet (KoLa).

### Vowels

* ㅏ a ㅐ ai
* ㅑ ya ㅒ yai
* ㅓ e ㅔ ei
* ㅕ ye ㅖ yei
* ㅗ o ㅚ oi
* ㅘ wa ㅙ wai
* ㅛ yo ㅛㅣ yoi*
* ㅜ u ㅟ ui
* ㅝ we ㅞ wei
* ㅠ yu ㅠㅣ yui*
* ㅡ j ㅢ ji
* ㅣ yi/i -- --
* * Not used now.

#### Note

    The Korean and Roman vowels fit perfect.

#### Comparison

* 기본 NR RR 확장 NR RR
* V v v V+I v+i v+?
* ㅏ a a ㅐ ai ae
* ㅑ ya ya ㅒ yai yae
* ㅓ e eo ㅔ ei e
* ㅕ ye yeo ㅖ yei ye
* ㅗ o o ㅚ oi oe
* ㅘ wa wa ㅙ wai wae
* ㅛ yo yo ㅛㅣ yoi --
* ㅜ u u ㅟ ui wi
* ㅝ we wo ㅞ wei we
* ㅠ yu yu ㅠㅣ yui --
* ㅡ j eu ㅢ ji ui
* ㅣ yi/i i -- -- --
* * NR: New Romanization (proposed)
* * RR: Revised Romanization (current)

#### Parsing ambiguity

* NR: 아야어여오와요우워유으이 → ayaeyeowayouweyujyi (shorter)
* a/ya/e/ye/o/wa/yo/u/we/yu/j/yi (successfully parsed)
* RR: 아야어여오와요우워유으이 → ayaeoyeoowayouwoyueui (longer)
* a/ya-e/e-o/o/wa/yo/u/wo/yu/e-u/u-i/i (hardly parsed)

#### English Seoul #Etymology

    French Séoul, which is from Korean 서울 (Seoul, literally “capital city”).
    Note that English Seoul predates the Revised Romanization of Seoul. Note also that the original French segmentation was Sé-oul (cf. Dutch Seoel, i.e. Se-oel), but was reinterpreted as Seo-ul with Revised Romanization. A direct borrowing from Korean would probably result in "Soul", based on McCune–Reischauer romanization "Sŏul".
* Seoul
* soul

### Consonants

* ㄱ ㄲ g gx/xg ㄺ ㄳ lg gs
* ㄴ n ㄵ ㄶ nz nh
* ㄷ ㄸ d dx/xd
* ㄹ r/l
* ㅁ m ㄻ lm
* ㅂ ㅃ b bx/xb ㄼ ㅄ lb bs
* ㅅ ㅆ s sx/xs ㄽ ls
* ㅇ `/ng
* ㅈ ㅉ z zx/xz
* ㅊ c
* ㅋ k
* ㅌ t ㄾ lt
* ㅍ p ㄿ lp
* ㅎ h ㅀ lh

#### Comparison

* 않다
    NR: anhda
    RR: anta -- same as 안타 (whatever it may mean..)
    RR may not aim to mean anything right.

### Syllabary

| 64 | 65 | 66 | 67 | 68 | 69 | 70 | 71 | 72 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 76 | 77 | 78 | 79 | 80 | 81 | 82 | 83 | 84 | 85 | 86 | 87 | 88 | 89 | 90 | 91 |
| @ | Aㄱ | Bㄲ | Cㄴ | Dㄷ | Eㄸ | Fㄹ | Gㅁ | Hㅂ | Iㅃ | Jㅅ | Kㅆ | Lㅇ | Mㅈ | Nㅉ | Oㅊ | Pㅋ | Qㅌ | Rㅍ | Sㅎ | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z | [ |
| ` | aㅏ | bㅐ | cㅑ | dㅒ | eㅓ | fㅔ | gㅕ | hㅖ | iㅗ | jㅘ | kㅙ | lㅚ | mㅛ | nㅜ | oㅝ | pㅞ | qㅟ | rㅠ | sㅡ | tㅢ | uㅣ | v | w | x | y | z | { |
| ` | aㄱ | bㄲ | cㄳ | dㄴ | eㄵ | fㄶ | gㄷ | hㄹ | iㄺ | jㄻ | kㄼ | lㄽ | mㄾ | nㄿ | oㅀ | pㅁ | qㅂ | rㅄ | sㅅ | tㅆ | uㅇ | vㅈ | wㅊ | xㅋ | yㅌ | zㅍ | {ㅎ |
| 00 | 01 | 02 | 03 | 04 | 05 | 06 | 07 | 08 | 09 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 | 21 | 22 | 23 | 24 | 25 | 26 | 27 |

#### References

* ↑ 말 (mal, "horse") + 벌 (beol, "bee")
* ↑ 馬 (mǎ, "horse") + 蜂 (fēng, "bee")
* ↑ морин (morin, "horse") + зөгий (zögij, "bee")
* ↑ eşek (eşek, "mule") + arısı (arısı, "bee's")
* ↑ ձի (ji, "horse") + ա (a, 삽간사) + բոռ (boṙ, "bee")
* ↑ ló (ló, "horse") + darázs (darázs, "bee")
* ↑ ערד‎ (ferd, “horse”) +‎ בין‎ (bin, “bee”)
* ↑ shellan (shellan, "bee") + (cabbyl, "horse")
* ↑ 말 (mal, "horse") + 벌 (beol, "bee")
* ↑ 馬 (mǎ, "horse") + 蜂 (fēng, "bee")
* ↑ морин (morin, "horse") + зөгий (zögij, "bee")
* ↑ eşek (eşek, "mule") + arısı (arısı, "bee's")
* ↑ ձի (ji, "horse") + ա (a, 삽간사) + բոռ (boṙ, "bee")
* ↑ ló (ló, "horse") + darázs (darázs, "bee")
* ↑ ערד‎ (ferd, “horse”) +‎ בין‎ (bin, “bee”)
* ↑ shellan (shellan, "bee") + (cabbyl, "horse")
* ↑ Finnish "From North Germanic, compare Swedish jul and English Yule. An earlier loan from the same source is juhla."
* ↑ Welsh "From Middle Welsh melyn, from Old Welsh melin, from Proto-Brythonic *melino (compare Cornish melyn, Breton melen), from Proto-Celtic *meli (“honey”) (compare Welsh mêl). More at mêl."
* ↑ North Frisian similar to Nordic gull.
* ↑ Northern Sami "From Proto-Samic *kollē."
* ↑ However canonical they may be nowadays, 귀고리 (gwigori, "earring") and 귀걸이 (gwigeor-i, "eardrop") are ahistorical. *귀골 (gwigol, literally "ear ring") may remind you of Latin cyclus ("cycle, circle").
* ↑ While very similar to 귀여골 (gwiyeogol), it may well refer you to Old English hweogol ("wheel") together with Korean 흿바회 (hvisbahoe, "sun's wheel" as a nickname).
* ↑ To 해무리 (haemuri, of North Korean), if not to 햇무리 (haesmuri, of South Korean).
* ↑ cf. 日の丸 （ひのまる, hi-no-maru, "Flag of Japan," literally, "sun's circle")
* ↑ Comparatives Korean haenmul ("sun's halo") 햇물 German Himmel ("sky")
* ↑ rising sun's rays
* ↑ See the figures on the right.
* ↑ sun's rays
* ↑ sun's nickname
* ↑ Wikt: 눈 Etymology 1 IPA: [nun] eye, cf. 目 Etymology 2 IPA: [nun] bud Etymology 3 IPA: [nuːn] snow, cf. 雪
* ↑ 포근하게 감싸 안기듯 편안하고 조용한 느낌이 있다. 따뜻하고 포근한 느낌이 있다.
* ↑ rarely used
* ↑ often used
* ↑ not used
* ↑ not used
* ↑ 사이 sayi 사기 sagi
* ↑ Different head/tail, eg. 롤 (rol), but 롤러 (rolle).
* ↑ Different head/tail, eg. 앙 (`ang).