OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/October/Brown Flowers

This page is part of a dichotomous key for plants recorded as blooming in Southeastern Pennsylvania during the month of October. These plants have the following traits:
   * Brown flowers
Viola x wittrockiana
| A Purple-flowered variety Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Viola x wittrockiana (Pansy) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Short-lived, low-growing perennial, with mostly cool season bloomsHigher taxa:Viola Recent Logs --Anna reg 12:12, 12 April 2010 (UTC) Anna reg 12:01, 27 March 2011 (UTC) Anna reg 16:35, 2 May 2011 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Spring, Mid Spring, Mid Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall, Late Fall, Early Winter
Helenium autumnale
| Flowering plant Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Helenium autumnale (Sneezeweed) Identifying Characteristics Habit:erect, freely branching forb Recent Logs SB Johnny-LM 09:52, 8 September 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 11:12, 11 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 09:54, 19 August 2008 (UTC) Ngravagna 22:36, 2 September 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 11:38, 23 September 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Chrysanthemum x morifolium
| Flowering plants Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Chrysanthemum x morifolium (Hardy Chrysanthemum, Mum) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 13:00, 1 November 2007 (UTC) SB Johnny-LM 18:35, 17 November 2007 (UTC) SBJ 13:11, 29 November 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 18:49, 5 December 2007 (UTC) --Juan 15:58, 11 December 2007 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Fall, Late Fall, Early Winter
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/October/Orange Flowers/DPL

This page is used to help create a graphical list.
* BCP/Chrysanthemum x morifolium
* BCP/Rudbeckia triloba
* BCP/Tagetes patula
* BCP/Rudbeckia fulgida
* BCP/Papaver atlanticum
* BCP/Zinnia violacea
* BCP/Linaria vulgaris
* BCP/Viola tricolor
* BCP/Viola x wittrockiana
* BCP/Rosa
* BCP/Viola
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/October/Pink Flowers/DPL

This page is used to help create a graphical list.
* BCP/Hibiscus trionum
* BCP/Chrysanthemum 'Sheffield Pink'
* BCP/Rosa 'Pink Knockout'
* BCP/Lonicera x heckrottii
* BCP/Verbascum blattaria
* BCP/Cleome hassleriana
* BCP/Platycodon grandiflorus
* BCP/Sedum spurium
* BCP/Polygonum sagittatum
* BCP/Persicaria maculosa
* BCP/Rosa 'Knockout'
* BCP/Echinacea purpurea
* BCP/Sedum spectabile
* BCP/Buddleja davidii
* BCP/Impatiens walleriana
* BCP/Anemone x hybrida
* BCP/Pentas lanceolata
* BCP/Chrysanthemum x morifolium
* BCP/Salvia nemorosa
* BCP/Zinnia violacea
* BCP/Begonia
* BCP/Phlox paniculata
* BCP/Vinca minor
* BCP/Saponaria officinalis
* BCP/Trifolium arvense
* BCP/Aster novae-angliae
* BCP/Trifolium pratense
* BCP/Trifolium repens
* BCP/Viola tricolor
* BCP/Spiraea japonica
* BCP/Viola x wittrockiana
* BCP/Securigera varia
* BCP/Lagerstroemia indica
* BCP/Achillea sibirica
* BCP/Dianthus armeria
* BCP/Polygonum pensylvanicum
* BCP/Rosa
* BCP/Prunus
* BCP/Viola
* BCP/Dianthus
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/October/Brown Flowers/DPL

This page is used to help create a graphical list.
* BCP/Chrysanthemum x morifolium
* BCP/Viola tricolor
* BCP/Viola x wittrockiana
* BCP/Rosa
* BCP/Viola
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/October/Green Flowers

The plants pictured below have been recorded as blooming during the month of October in Southeastern Pennsylvania.
Chenopodium album
| Flowering branch Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Chenopodium album (Lambsquarters, Goosefoot) Identifying Characteristics Habit:erect herbaceous plantStem:ridged, glaucusLife Cycle: perennial Recent Logs Jomegat 04:08, 10 June 2009 (UTC) Jomegat 00:23, 15 July 2009 (UTC) Jomegat 00:47, 22 July 2009 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall, Late Fall
Amaranthus retroflexus
| Flowering plant Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Amaranthus retroflexus (Redroot pigweed) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 10:07, 28 September 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 08:16, 1 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 12:19, 24 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 13:02, 28 July 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 10:06, 2 August 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 10:29, 17 August 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Sicyos angulatus
| Fruit and flowers Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Sicyos angulatus (Bur Cucumber) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Spreading and climbing vine with tendrilsLife Cycle: Annual Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 14:57, 31 August 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 10:07, 8 September 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 07:02, 1 October 2007 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/Academic Writing/Architecture

* Housing rights
* Sustainable design in architecture
* Waterproofing
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/Academic Writing/Anthropology

Anthropology studies human variability over time and space as a process in its biological and sociological senses.
As the holistic study of humanity, it can be divided into three branches depending on the dimension of human life that it focuses on more: Socio-cultural Anthropology, Archaeology and Biological Anthropology.

### Sociocultural Anthropology

As one of the branches of Anthropology, Socio-cultural Anthropology also studies the processes that lead to human variability over time and space, but focusing of course on socio-cultural processes. One of those is migration.
This topic is one of the oldest in the field of human studies and also a current subject of research, since people are continually moving around the world, at ever increasing rates and in different ways.
* Migration
* Urban Anthropology
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/Academic Writing/Biology

* Biological control
* Functional Ecology
* Geometric morphometrics
* Liver fatty Acid-Binding Protein: Structure and properties
* Parasitology
* Wood-rotting fungi
* Virology
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/Academic Writing/Art

* Cinema
* Conceptual art
* Internet art
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/Academic Writing/Biochemistry

* Blood_transfusion
* Homeostasis_of_Calcium_and_Phosphorus
# Economic Classroom Experiments/Ultimatum Bargaining/metrics
### 2012-2013

| Metrics | Total | Daily Peak |
| April, 2012 | 187 | 12 |
| May, 2012 | 157 | 10 |
| June, 2012 | 171 | 11 |
| July, 2012 | 227 | 15 |
| August, 2012 | 221 | 13 |
| September, 2012 | 216 | 16 |
| October, 2012 | 206 | 23 |
| November, 2012 | 166 | 16 |
| December, 2012 | 219 | 17 |
| January, 2013 | 351 | 31 |
| February, 2013 | 158 | 17 |
| March, 2013 | 235 | 13 |
| Total | 2,279 | 31 |

### 2011-2012

| Metrics | Total | Daily Peak |
| April, 2011 | 217 | 21 |
| May, 2011 | 209 | 19 |
| June, 2011 | 146 | 19 |
| July, 2011 | 152 | 13 |
| August, 2011 | 147 | 12 |
| September, 2011 | 135 | 9 |
| October, 2011 | 137 | 16 |
| November, 2011 | 160 | 14 |
| December, 2011 | 128 | 10 |
| January, 2012 | 238 | 22 |
| February, 2012 | 173 | 18 |
| March, 2012 | 151 | 15 |
| Total | 1,993 | 22 |
# Economic learning resources
## Learning resources

| Wikipedia articles Outline of economics topics Economic models: Artisanship Feudalism Laissez-faire Capitalism Socialism Communism There are two broad fields: macroeconomics and microeconomics. The economists to be studied in this course are divided into five groups: Classical Economics Keynesian Economics Monetarist Economics Marxian Economics Austrian Economics Important Economists to be studied: Austrian Economists: Friedrich Hayek Ludwig von Mises Murray Rothbard Carl Menger Classical Economists: Adam Smith - major work: The Wealth of Nations David Ricardo Irving Fisher Jean-Baptiste Say Keynesian Economists: John Maynard Keynes - major work: The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money Roy Forbes Harrod John Hicks Monetarist: Friedrich Von Hayek Milton Friedman Other Economists: Wikipedia List of Economists Karl Marx | Wikipedia contd. Economic Models to be studied: Artisanship Feudalism Laissez-faire Capitalism Socialism (Economic Model) Communism MSCI World Free Software and Open Source Information Reference w:Service (economics) Wikibooks Economics subject IB Economics Introduction to Economics Principles of Economics Intermediate Microeconomic Theory Macro Economics Intermediate Macroeconomic Theory Econometric Theory Financial Derivatives History of Economic Thought Investing Investment Business Plan Managerial Economics Monetary Economics Personal Finance Political Economy Project management framework Taxation in the United Kingdom Understanding the NAIC Stock Selection Guide |

### Other resources online

* A wikimedia wiki being used by an introductory course section at the London School of Economics and Political Science for notes, discussions, writeups, lectures, etc.
* Octopus Micro Finance Suite - Open source Microfinance software
* PyConomy - An open source economic simulation tool using Python.
# Economics/Academic econosystem

An academic econosystem is a production econosystem specialized for the development of advanced knowledge in learners, and is a means (under development) to structure economic relationships between participants in the academic enterprise.
The economic interactions between participants in the academic enterprise vary according to the organization of the particular institution.
Information currency provides a means to structure the academic econosystem on the basis of exchange of financial instruments deriving some amount of their value from original information, which is an underlying asset for the traded instruments.
# Economic Classroom Experiments/The Wallet Game/metrics
### 2012-2013

| Metrics | Total | Daily Peak |
| April, 2012 | 111 | 26 |
| May, 2012 | 98 | 16 |
| June, 2012 | 86 | 12 |
| July, 2012 | 109 | 19 |
| August, 2012 | 79 | 14 |
| September, 2012 | 109 | 13 |
| October, 2012 | 123 | 20 |
| November, 2012 | 101 | 11 |
| December, 2012 | 338 | 23 |
| January, 2013 | 428 | 42 |
| February, 2013 | 100 | 15 |
| March, 2013 | 278 | 18 |
| Total | 1,682 | 42 |

### 2011-2012

| Metrics | Total | Daily Peak |
| April, 2011 | 111 | 26 |
| May, 2011 | 127 | 22 |
| June, 2011 | 78 | 24 |
| July, 2011 | 122 | 34 |
| August, 2011 | 99 | 16 |
| September, 2011 | 100 | 10 |
| October, 2011 | 143 | 22 |
| November, 2011 | 140 | 16 |
| December, 2011 | 103 | 14 |
| January, 2012 | 171 | 28 |
| February, 2012 | 147 | 22 |
| March, 2012 | 102 | 22 |
| Total | 1,443 | 34 |
# Economic Classroom Experiments/Warren Buffett
## Computerized Versions

A computerized version of this experiment is available on the Exeter games site.
You can quickly log in as a subject to try out this individual progress experiment. You may also find the sample instructions helpful.
Another modifiable Version with graphical user interface, no login needed, realized with Scratch.

### Abstract

Students play individually and have a choice of 3 funds in which to invest money. The first fund mimics the long term behaviour of the stock market and exhibits steady growth with occasional downturns. The second fund has by far the highest mean gross return, trebling in value half of the time, but it also has the highest variance and is a risky investment. The third fund mimics the inflation-adjusted behaviour of treasury bonds and stays virtually constant.
The game consists of a number of repeated rounds and the growth in each fund during a given round is determined by making a random selection from among 6 possible outcomes. In the basic game, students must invest 100% in one of the 3 funds, although they may switch funds between rounds. Alternatively, the instructor may allow investments to be split across more than one fund.

### Discussion of Likely Results

The Green 'stock market' fund is the best of the original investments, when adjusted for volatility.
The Red fund is superficially attractive because of its high mean return and one or two students who invest in it over 20 rounds can be expected to do spectacularly well. However the majority will be ruined and overall it represents a poor investment.
The Blue 'treasury bond' fund is a safe investment but with very uninspiring growth.
| Outcome | Green | Red | Blue | Purple |
| 1 | 0.8 | 0.05 | 0.95 | |
| 2 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 1 | |
| 3 | 1.1 | 1 | 1 | |
| 4 | 1.1 | 3 | 1 | |
| 5 | 1.2 | 3 | 1 | |
| 6 | 1.4 | 3 | 1.1 | |
| Mean return | 1.0833 | 1.7083 | 1.0083 | 1.3583 |
| Variance of return | 0.0381 | 1.7554 | 0.0020 | 0.4393 |
| Volatility adjusted | 1.0643 | 0.8307 | 1.0073 | 1.1387 |
Purple is a portfolio investment of 50% in the risky Red fund and 50% in the safe Blue fund. Critically, the portfolio is re-balanced between rounds to retain 50% of the total value in each fund. Since Red and Blue are independent random variables, and the variance of Blue is negligible, the variance of Purple is pretty much one quarter that of Red.
mean(Purple) = mean((Red + Blue) / 2) = (mean(Red) + mean(Blue)) / 2
var(Purple) = var((Red + Blue) / 2) = (var(Red) + var(Blue)) / 4
So, paradoxically, Purple is a better investment than Green, despite being a mixture of two funds that are worse performers individually.

### Acknowledgements

Being Warren Buffett: A Classroom Simulation of Risk and Wealth when Investing in the Stock Market
# Economics

Economics is the social science that studies the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services. Economics focuses on the behavior and interactions of economic agents and how economies work. ___NOTOC__ Microeconomics analyzes basic elements in the economy, including individual agents and markets, their interactions, and the outcomes of interactions. Individual agents may include, for example, households, firms, buyers, and sellers.
Macroeconomics analyzes the entire economy (meaning aggregated production, consumption, saving, and investment) and issues affecting it, including unemployment of resources (labour, capital, and land), inflation, economic growth, and the public policies that address these issues (monetary, fiscal, and other policies).
In the meaning of economics, the term ‘Economics’ owes its origin to the Greek word ‘Oikonomia’, which can be divided into two parts: oikos means home and nomos means management.
Economics is broadly classified into two types
* Microeconomics is a branch of economics that studies the behaviour of individual consumers and organisations in the market. It focuses on the demand and supply, pricing, and output of individual organisations.
* Macroeconomics examines the economy as a whole and deals with issues related to national income, employment pattern, inflation, recession, and economic growth.

## Courses

* Principles of Economics
* Advanced Economics

## Resources

* Introduction
* History of Economic Thought

## Readings and learning media
### Wikipedia

* Economics
* Blue Chip Economic Indicators

### Wikibooks

* Wikibooks: Subject:Economics

### Videos

* The Superior Economics of TSMC’s Giga-Fabs - learn about the economics of modern computer chips

## See Also

* School: Economics
* Category: Economics
# English-Chinese/Beef

Beef is a type of meat that comes from cows. There are different types of beef. Beef is popular in the United States. Beef derives from the German word 'beife', meaning grazing beast.
牛肉 是 一种 来自 牛的 肉。有 不同 类型的 牛肉。牛肉 在 美国 很受欢迎。牛肉 来自 德语 单词 “beife”，意思是 放牧的 野兽。
# English-Chinese/Basmati

Basmati rice is popular in the subcontinent, Jasmine rice is often found across the southeast of Asia, while long-grain rice is popular in China and short-grain in Japan and Korea.
Basmati米在次大陆很受欢迎，香米常见于亚洲东南部，而长粒米在中国很受欢迎，短粒米在日本和高丽很受欢迎。
# English-Chinese/Be prepared for danger in times of peace

Be prepared for danger in times of peace, to recognize the whole through the observation of the part, and take precautions, for preventing dangers happen.
居安思危，见微知著，未雨绸缪，以 防范于 未然。
# English-Chinese/Barley is used in soups and stews, and in barley bread of various cultures

Barley is used in soups and stews, and in barley bread of various cultures.
大麦用于汤和炖菜，以及各种文化的大麦面包。
# English-Chinese/Bauhaus

The Bauhaus was a design school that operated from 1919 to 1933 in Germany. It is widely regarded as the most influential art school of the 20th century. It promoted modernism. It is most well known for teaching painting, photography, advertising, weaving, architecture and the design of furniture and household products. The work that it produced and its teaching methods had a world-wide influence on art, design, photography, architecture and art education.
Bauhaus 是 一所 设计学院，于 1919年 至 1933年 在 德国 运作。它 被 广泛 认为 是 20世纪 最具影响力的 艺术学校。它 促进了 现代主义。它 以 教授 绘画，摄影，广告，编织，建筑 以及 家具 和 家居产品的 设计 而 闻名。它 所创作的 作品 及其 教学方法 对 艺术，设计，摄影，建筑 和 艺术教育 产生了 世界性的 影响。
# English-Chinese/Barley is a key ingredient in beer and whisky production

Barley is a key ingredient in beer and whisky production.
大麦是啤酒和威士忌生产的关键成分。
# English-Chinese/Ball the cookie dough

Ball the cookie dough, wrap it in paper, then freeze it.
将 cookie 面团 做成 球状，用 纸 包好，然后 冷冻。
# English-Chinese/Barley improves cholesterol levels

Consuming breakfast cereals containing barley over weeks to months also improved cholesterol levels and glucose regulation.
在几周到几个月内食用含有大麦的早餐谷物也可以改善胆固醇水平和葡萄糖调节。
# English-Chinese/Barley grains are commonly made into malt

Barley grains are commonly made into malt in a traditional and ancient method of preparation.
大麦籽粒通常以传统和古老的制备方法制成麦芽。
# English-Chinese/Beetroot is a delicacy

Beetroot can be boiled or steamed, peeled, and eaten warm with or without butter as delicacy. It can be cooked, pickled, and eaten cold as condiment. Or it can be peeled, shredded, and eaten raw as salad.
甜菜根可以煮或蒸，去皮，加或不加黄油作为美食热吃。 它可以煮熟，腌制，作为佐料冷吃。 或者它可以去皮，切碎，作为凉拌菜生吃。
# Funds Remittance/Checks

| Unit 4.4-Funds Remittance | Introduction | Checks | Banker's Drafts | Electronic Funds Transfers | Money Orders | Cash or Bank Notes | Credit Cards | SWIFT | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Go to Unit 4.1 | Unit 4.2 | Unit 4.3 | Unit 4.4 | Unit 4.5 | Unit 4.6 | Unit 4.7 | Unit 4.8 | Unit 4.9 Return to Trade Finance Module 4: Payment Methods |

## Checks

A check is a negotiable instrument issued against deposited funds to pay a specified amount of money to a specific person/company upon demand. This method of fund remittance is normally utilized for an international transaction when a local country representative will pick up a check or the check is given directly to the international manager by the buyer. Checks can be drawn on banks located in any country depending on where a buyer holds accounts. A check drawn on a bank in a seller’s country is less risky since the seller can verify availability of funds. The most risk is found with a company check drawn on a bank outside the seller’s country.
In order for the seller to receive funds, a check must be deposited/cashed. If the check is deposited in a seller’s account and the check is drawn on an overseas bank, the funds will not be available to the seller until the check is sent overseas for clearance and the funds are transferred to the seller’s bank. The relationship between the banks involved, the countries involved, and the currency of the check will determine how long it will take and the fees that will be charged.
Some examples follow:
* Bill of Exchange-- an order by one person for a second person to pay a third. The tenor is the period of time from issue of the bill of exchange until maturity.
* Clean-- without supporting documentation
* Documentary-- with supporting documentation
* Sight-- on demand, calling for payment as soon as presented to the drawee
* Term/time/usance-- payable at a fixed future date or at a determinable future date
* Draft-- an instrument signed by a drawer to a drawee requesting payment at a future time to a third party, often the drawer.
# Funds Remittance/Resources

| Unit 4.4-Funds Remittance | Introduction | Checks | Banker's Drafts | Electronic Funds Transfers | Money Orders | Cash or Bank Notes | Credit Cards | SWIFT | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Go to Unit 4.1 | Unit 4.2 | Unit 4.3 | Unit 4.4 | Unit 4.5 | Unit 4.6 | Unit 4.7 | Unit 4.8 | Unit 4.9 Return to Trade Finance Module 4: Payment Methods |

## Resources
### Publications

SWIFT Channel Between Corporations and Banks, Treasury and Risk Management, Vol. 15, Issues, 9, October 2005, pp. 16-17.

### Web Resources

SWIFT:
* www.swift.com
* www.bizhelp24.com
# Funds Remittance/Summary

| Unit 4.4-Funds Remittance | Introduction | Checks | Banker's Drafts | Electronic Funds Transfers | Money Orders | Cash or Bank Notes | Credit Cards | SWIFT | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Go to Unit 4.1 | Unit 4.2 | Unit 4.3 | Unit 4.4 | Unit 4.5 | Unit 4.6 | Unit 4.7 | Unit 4.8 | Unit 4.9 Return to Trade Finance Module 4: Payment Methods |

## Summary

Having completed this lesson, you should now understand the many methods by which funds can be transferred between buyer and seller and the risks associated with each form of funds transfer.
# Funds Remittance/Banker's Drafts

| Unit 4.4-Funds Remittance | Introduction | Checks | Banker's Drafts | Electronic Funds Transfers | Money Orders | Cash or Bank Notes | Credit Cards | SWIFT | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Go to Unit 4.1 | Unit 4.2 | Unit 4.3 | Unit 4.4 | Unit 4.5 | Unit 4.6 | Unit 4.7 | Unit 4.8 | Unit 4.9 Return to Trade Finance Module 4: Payment Methods |

## Banker’s Drafts

This draft is similar to a check. However, it is a time draft drawn on a bank by a bank; and once accepted by the drawee bank, it becomes an unconditional obligation of the bank to honor at maturity.
# Funds Remittance/SWIFT

| Unit 4.4-Funds Remittance | Introduction | Checks | Banker's Drafts | Electronic Funds Transfers | Money Orders | Cash or Bank Notes | Credit Cards | SWIFT | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Go to Unit 4.1 | Unit 4.2 | Unit 4.3 | Unit 4.4 | Unit 4.5 | Unit 4.6 | Unit 4.7 | Unit 4.8 | Unit 4.9 Return to Trade Finance Module 4: Payment Methods |

## SWIFT

SWIFT (Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication) is a computer-based standardized message writing system that connects worldwide participating banks, primarily for the purpose of communicating payment information. When an issuing bank instructs an advising bank by an authenticated teletransmission to advise a documentary credit or an amendment to a credit, the teletransmission will be considered to be the operative instrument. This is called SWIFT.
* Most documentary credits are transmitted electronically either by telex or through the SWIFT interbank telecommunication system. When documentary credits are transmitted in this way the telecommunication itself becomes the actual documentary credit or “operative instrument.” Should the issuing bank send a mail confirmation, the advising bank is under no obligation to compare the two instruments to ensure that they are identical.
* Sometimes, an issuing bank will send a brief telex/SWIFT message to the advising bank to let the bank know the "brief details" of the documentary credit and to advise that "full or complete" details will follow by mail. The issuing bank must send the actual documentary credit by mail without delay. The "pre-advice" is not the operative instrument. Once an issuing bank has issued a pre-advice, it must issue the operative instrument without delay unless the pre-advice indicates that the issuing bank may choose not to issue the credit. Should the latter happen, the "beneficiary" should exercise extreme caution before taking any action to begin production or otherwise act as if the credit were on its way.
* If a bank uses an advising bank to have the documentary credit advised to the beneficiary, it must also use the services of the same bank for advising an amendment(s).