OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Animal Phyla/Annelida

Annelida
* Name Meaning: Little ring
* English Common Name: Segmented worms
* Major distinguishing characteristics: Multiple circular segments
* Approximate number of species described: over 22,000 living

## Natural History

The life history of the Annelida is diverse. They live in terrestrial and aquatic environments, including around deep sea hydrothermal vents. They are common, yet rarely seen because most Annelids are burrowing. Some are highly mobile, some seldom move once established.
Some, such as earthworms, are omnivorous, eating any organic matter in their path. Others, such as the leaches, are specialist in what they will eat. Leaches, for example, are specialist blood eaters.
In all environments where they occur, Annelids are very important in moving and mixing the soil, and breaking up and distributing organic material. This distribution helps plants get better access to nutrients.

## Taxonomy

The Phylum Annelida contains 7 Classes, 6 of which have living representatives:
* Polychaeta
* Clitellata
* Oligochaeta (earthworms)
* Branchiobdellida
* Hirudinea (leeches)
* Echiura
* Machaeridia (extinct)
* Echiura is a former Phylum that has been demoted to Class rank within the Annelida.

## Anatomy

Annelids have long bodies. They are generally segmented, the segments usually being visible externally. Each segment generally contains a full set of organs. The segments share a common digestive system, circulatory system, and nervous system.
Three segments, the prostomium (1st segment), peristomium, (2nd segment), and pygidium (last segment), are specialized. The prostomium contains the brain and sense organs. The peristomium contains the mouth. The pygidium is the location of the anus.
Annelids grow from behind. The growth region is just in front of the pygidium. The peristomium is the oldest segment.

## The Fossil Record

Annelids are soft bodied and so fossils are rare. The first Annelids probably evolved during the Precambrian, before 541 million years ago. They are present in the Burgess Shale (about 505 million years old), though there may be some Australian fossil annelids about 518 million years old. There is a better fossil record of Annelids by 65 million years ago.

## Quiz

* Annelida Quiz

## References and Further Reading

* Annelid on Wikipedia
* Annelida on the Animal Diversity Web, University of Michigan
* Introduction of the Annelida at the University of California Museum of Paleontology
* Annelida on the Encyclopedia of Life
# Bloom Clock/Class Projects

The Bloom Clock is a participatory research project with the goal of collecting bloom time data for the plants found in any particular region of the world. Participation is easy: it's just a matter of adding *~~~~ to record a plant you've seen blooming today.
The Bloom Clock can also be used for class projects in schools and universities. While especially valuable for institutions with horticultural and agricultural programs, it can also be used as an assignment for ecology and botany classes.
Students may log flowers on the bloom clock, and a record of their logs will automatically be kept by the Wikimedia software. These records are freely available to any instructor who wants to review them personally, or perhaps the records could be looked over by other students and bloom clock contributors.
An example assignment would be to simply ask students to log 10 plants per week (this would entail perhaps 1/2 hour of looking around for flowers, and about 10 minutes logging, assuming they have access to a broadband connection). More advanced assignments might involve adding identification data or even constructing dichotomous keys using other features in Wikiversity's software.
If you are an instructor interested in using the bloom clock as part of your curriculum, please just sign below using an asterisk and 4 tildes (*~~~~), or ask a question on the talk page.
# Bloom Clock/Brassica napus subsp. napus/Logs
##### Recent Logs

* --Juan 20:05, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Juan Pisek 20:09, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
* Anna reg 11:08, 9 May 2011 (UTC)
# Bloom Clock/Category inclusion

One of the major goals of the Bloom Clock is to define when a plant is blooming in any given region of the world. During the initial phases of making this determination, plants are categorized according to when they can be seen blooming in particular geographic regions. The inclusion rule for these categories is simple: if a plant is recorded blooming in a region, then it should be categorized as such.
For consistency, these regional categories should be in the form [[Category:BCP/REGION/<month>]], with REGION replaced by a shortcut for the region in question, and <month> by the numerical month. See, for example, Category:Bloom Clock/Southeastern Pennsylvania Categories.
These categories can then be used to create "graphical lists" using DynamicPageList. See, for example, Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/May/White Flowers (created using Category:White flowered plants and Category:BCP/SEPA/5).
As data is accumulated over time from many regions, there could be hundreds (or even thousands) of categories on each log page.
# Bloom Clock/BCP update discussions

This page is for proposing modifications to the 3 main BCP templates, bloom clock plant top, bloom clock plant middle, and bloom clock plant bottom.

## Top template
### current version

7.10.24

### Proposed changes
## Middle template
### current version

7.10.24

### Proposed changes

* add "new region 1", "new region 2", "new region 3" to allow new contributors without having to wait for bot replacement --SB_Johnny | 10:40, 27 October 2007 (UTC)

## Bottom template
### current version

7.10.24

### Proposed changes

* Add "leaf veination", which would be a dichotomous entry (palmate, pinnate, and parallel)
* Add "leaves clasping?", for plants where the base of the leaf clasps the stem
# Bloom Clock/Brassica napus subsp. napus

Brassica napus subsp. napus
| Search for Brassica napus subsp. napus on commons) Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Brassica napus subsp. napus (Rape Seed) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --Juan 20:05, 8 June 2008 (UTC) --Juan Pisek 20:09, 8 June 2008 (UTC) Anna reg 11:08, 9 May 2011 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Prague, Czech Republic: (řepka olejka) (cultivated) June, South Bohemia, Czech Republic: (řepka olejka) June ,
Additional images:
| Flowers | Leave | Ready to harvest |
# Bloom Clock/10 plants per month

An easy, "finite" way to contribute to the Bloom Clock is to pledge 10 logs per month. With 10 logs from any particular region, we can at least make a visual key page worth looking at. Contributing to the bloom clock in a basic manner does not require any expertise in plants, but rather only involves simple observation and a search through the visual keys.

## Using the visual keys

If there is already a visual key for your region (there almost certainly isn't yet), just browse by month, color, and plant type to identify the plants you saw, and log them (four tildes is all you need). If there isn't, you'll need to pick the key that you think is most likely to have similar plants to those in your region, and perhaps adjust the month (for example, if something is blooming in March in Pennsylvania, it might be blooming in February in Georgia or April in Quebec).

## Using the text logs

If you know your plants, there are text log pages for each solstice-to-solstice period (we may need to move to a quarterly system soon though, because the log pages are getting too long). In this case, you can just add your four tildes under the plant's scientific name (it will later be moved to the plant's log page as the text clocks are archived). Contributors can add as many listings of new plants as they have time for.

## Asking for identification

If you can't find a plant on one of the visual keys, and have a photograph of it, you can use the Unknown Plants page. The template used on that page should be self-explanatory.
# Bloom Clock/2006 data

This is the list of data from 2006. Please add yourself to the participants list before signing under plants.
Instructions: sign with four tildes (~~~~), below the name of any plants you notice in bloom on a particular day. There is no need to do this every day, nor is it absolutely necessary to record every plant you've seen in bloom. If you are unsure what a plant is, ask about it on the talk page. If you're unsure of the scientific name (common names change from region to region, so aren't as useful), try searching for the common name on wikipedia.
(Note:all entries have been archived to log pages, see Category:Bloom Clock Project Plants)
Plants by scientific name:

## Cichorium intybus (Wild chicory)

* ----SB_Johnny | 16:27, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

## Clematis virginiana (Devil's darning-needle)

* --SB_Johnny | 14:59, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

## Eupatorium purpureum (Joe Pye weed)

* --SB_Johnny | 16:27, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

## Phlox paniculata (Garden phlox)

* --SB_Johnny | 16:27, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

## Rudbeckia laciniata (Green-headed coneflower)

* --SB_Johnny | 16:27, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

## Rudbeckia triloba (Brown-eyed Susan)

* --SB_Johnny | 16:27, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

## Rudbeckia fulgida (Black-eyed Susan, Orange coneflower)

* --SB_Johnny | 14:54, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)

## Vernonia noveboracensis (New York ironweed)

* --SB_Johnny | 16:27, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
# 3-bit Walsh permutation/cycle shapes

| matrix sums from 3 to 6 | fixed points |
| 2 2 (Europe)2 4 (America)3 3 (Asia)7 (Africa)the four non-trivial cycle types ||
This table shows the 24 arrow patterns of the 168 3-bit Walsh permutations (as Fano plane collineations).
The typical shape of a collection is a hexagon, showing the two rotations and three reflections of some initial pattern. The one pattern with rotational symmetry is shown as a pair. Patterns with mirror symmetry are shown as triangles. Where the hexagon or triangle does not contain the inverse permutations, two nested polygons are shown. These are the types of collections shown below:
* neutral permutation
* 1 pair (of rotations)
* 5 single triangles
* 1 double triangle
* 8 single hexagons
* 8 double hexagons
In the column graph, the shown permutations are highlighted in the respective component of the neighbor graph. All except 9 are in the cube-like clusters with 25 vertices. Apart from the center, there are four types of vertices, which are marked with suits.
Each permutation has a set of fixed points.
* The neutral permutation has only fixed points.
* 7-cycles have none.
* For cycle type 2+2 they form a line of the Fano plane.
* Cycle types 2+4 and 3+3 have single fixed points.
The points can be characterized by their binary weight, and the lines by the weights of their points. This property is in the column fixed.
# 3-bit Walsh permutation/ortho/comet

| The JF layout on the parent page | 19 different shapes |
Contents :
* 60 based on 12 squares
* 12 squares
* 24 simple parallelograms of type 1
* 24 simple parallelograms of type 2
* 48 based on 12 rectangles   (both comet colors)
* 12 rectangles
* 12 wide parallelograms (type 1)
* 12 long parallelograms (type 1)
* 12 hexagons (type 2)
* 144 based on 24 rectangles   (one comet color)
* 24 rectangles
* 24 wide parallelograms (type 2)
* 48 long parallelograms (types 1 and 2)
* 48 hexagons (types 1 and 2)
This page shows essentially the same information as the parent page. But the example object used is simpler than the JF compound. It is basically a cube with face colors corresponding to the coordinate axes. Details in white and gold are added to make sure the object has no symmetry. This layout makes some relationships easier to see. (It is hard to see where this and that belongs, but easy to see where this and that belongs.) But it obfuscates the mirroring of back and front. (It is easy to see how this and that are related, but hard to see how this and that are related.)
There are 252 different orthographic projections. They form 63 groups of four, that look similar. They are all shown below. Within such a group, each image has a reflection at the antidiagonal and a reflection of back and front.
Some images also have horizontally or vertically mirrored equivalents. And a few have all eight rotations and reflections in the symmetry group of the square. (These are all in the third section. The former in 24 rectangles and 48 long parallelograms, the latter in 48 hexagons.)
| rect hrect hpar long 1hpar long 2h | par long 2vrect vpar long 1vrect v | hex 2bhex 1bhex 1ahex 2a | hex 2ahex 1ahex 1bhex 2b |

## 60 based on 12 squares

12 squares :
100 :
010 :
001 :
24 simple parallelograms of type 1 :
100 :
100 :
010 :
010 :
001 :
001 :
24 simple parallelograms of type 2 :
100 :
100 :
010 :
010 :
001 :
001 :

## 48 based on 12 rectangles   (both comet colors)

12 rectangles :
110 :
101 :
011 :
12 wide parallelograms (type 1) :
110 :
101 :
011 :
12 long parallelograms (type 1) :
110 :
101 :
011 :
12 hexagons (type 2) :

## 144 based on 24 rectangles   (one comet color)

24 rectangles :
110 :
foo :
bar :
101 :
foo :
bar :
011 :
foo :
bar :
24 wide parallelograms (type 2) :
110 foo :
110 bar :
101 foo :
101 bar :
011 foo :
011 bar :
48 long parallelograms (types 1 and 2) :
110 < :
type 1   foo :
type 2   bar :
110 > :
type 2   foo :
type 1   bar :
101 < :
type 1   foo :
type 2   bar :
101 > :
type 2   foo :
type 1   bar :
011 < :
type 1   foo :
type 2   bar :
011 > :
type 2   foo :
type 1   bar :
48 hexagons (types 1 and 2) :
type 1   spam :
type 1   eggs :
type 2   spam :
type 2   eggs :
type 1   spam :
type 1   eggs :
type 2   spam :
type 2   eggs :
type 1   spam :
type 1   eggs :
type 2   spam :
type 2   eggs :
# 3-bit Walsh permutation/matrix columns/inverses

This is like the big table in 3-bit Walsh permutation/matrix columns, but (apart from the first row) the transforms are made not with binary matrices, but with inverses of binary matrices. The non-zero entries are in the same places as in the corresponding binary matrix, but some entries are negative 1s.
| cc | cs | cp | t | main | positive | positive | positive | negative | negative | negative |
| &0 neut. | &0 neut. 3 | 37 | 124 | 124 | 241 | 124 | 412 | 214 | 421 | 142 |
| 2+2 | &1 P 4 | 26 | 134 | 134 | 341 | 134 | 413 | 314 | 431 | 143 |
| 2+2 | &1 P 4 | 26 | 125 | 125 | 251 | 125 | 512 | 215 | 521 | 152 |
| 2+2 | &1 P 4 | 25 | 234 | 324 | 243 | 324 | 432 | 234 | 423 | 342 |
| 2+2 | &1 P 4 | 25 | 126 | 126 | 261 | 126 | 612 | 216 | 621 | 162 |
| 2+2 | &1 P 4 | 23 | 245 | 524 | 245 | 524 | 452 | 254 | 425 | 542 |
| 2+2 | &1 P 4 | 23 | 146 | 164 | 641 | 164 | 416 | 614 | 461 | 146 |
| 2+2 | &2 R 5a | 11 | 247 | 724 | 247 | 724 | 472 | 274 | 427 | 742 |
| 2+2 | &2 R 5a | 12 | 147 | 174 | 741 | 174 | 417 | 714 | 471 | 147 |
| 2+2 | &2 R 5a | 14 | 127 | 127 | 271 | 127 | 712 | 217 | 721 | 172 |
| 2+2 | &3 F 5a | 37 | 135 | 135 | 351 | 135 | 513 | 315 | 531 | 153 |
| 2+2 | &3 F 5a | 37 | 236 | 326 | 263 | 326 | 632 | 236 | 623 | 362 |
| 2+2 | &3 F 5a | 37 | 456 | 564 | 645 | 564 | 456 | 654 | 465 | 546 |
| 2+4 | &4 BA 5 5b | 12 | 156 | 165 | 651 | 165 | 516 | 615 | 561 | 156 |
| 2+4 | &4 BA 5 5b | 14 | 136 | 136 | 361 | 136 | 613 | 316 | 631 | 163 |
| 2+4 | &4 BA 5 5b | 14 | 235 | 325 | 253 | 325 | 532 | 235 | 523 | 352 |
| 2+4 | &4 BA 5 5b | 11 | 256 | 526 | 265 | 526 | 652 | 256 | 625 | 562 |
| 2+4 | &4 BA 5 5b | 12 | 345 | 534 | 345 | 534 | 453 | 354 | 435 | 543 |
| 2+4 | &4 BA 5 5b | 11 | 346 | 364 | 643 | 364 | 436 | 634 | 463 | 346 |
| 2+4 | &5 BA 6 6 | 23 | 157 | 175 | 751 | 175 | 517 | 715 | 571 | 157 |
| 2+4 | &5 BA 6 6 | 25 | 137 | 137 | 371 | 137 | 713 | 317 | 731 | 173 |
| 2+4 | &5 BA 6 6 | 23 | 267 | 726 | 267 | 726 | 672 | 276 | 627 | 762 |
| 2+4 | &5 BA 6 6 | 26 | 237 | 327 | 273 | 327 | 732 | 237 | 723 | 372 |
| 2+4 | &5 BA 6 6 | 25 | 467 | 764 | 647 | 764 | 476 | 674 | 467 | 746 |
| 2+4 | &5 BA 6 6 | 26 | 457 | 574 | 745 | 574 | 457 | 754 | 475 | 547 |
| 7a | &6 S +7 | 11 | 357 | 753 | 537 | 753 | 375 | 573 | 357 | 735 |
| 7a | &6 S +7 | 12 | 367 | 673 | 736 | 673 | 367 | 763 | 376 | 637 |
| 7a | &6 S +7 | 14 | 567 | 657 | 576 | 657 | 765 | 567 | 756 | 675 |
# 3-bit Walsh permutation/ortho

| The subpage .../comet shows the same information in a different layout. | 19 different shapes |
Contents :
* 60 based on 12 squares
* 12 squares
* 24 simple parallelograms of type 1
* 24 simple parallelograms of type 2
* 48 based on 12 rectangles
* 12 rectangles
* 12 wide parallelograms (type 1)
* 12 long parallelograms (type 1)
* 12 hexagons (type 2)
* 144 based on 24 rectangles
* 24 rectangles
* 24 wide parallelograms (type 2)
* 48 long parallelograms (types 1 and 2)
* 48 hexagons (types 1 and 2)
There are 252 different orthographic projections. They form 63 groups of four, that look similar. They are all shown below. Within such a group, each image has a reflection at the antidiagonal and an image with the same outline.
Some images also have horizontally or vertically mirrored equivalents. And a few have all eight rotations and reflections in the symmetry group of the square. (These are all in the third section. The former in 24 rectangles and 48 long parallelograms, the latter in 48 hexagons.)
| rect hrect hpar long 1hpar long 2h | par long 2vrect vpar long 1vrect v | hex 2bhex 1bhex 1ahex 2a | hex 2ahex 1ahex 1bhex 2b |

## 60 based on 12 squares

12 squares :
100 :
010 :
001 :
24 simple parallelograms of type 1 :
100 :
100 :
010 :
010 :
001 :
001 :
24 simple parallelograms of type 2 :
100 :
100 :
010 :
010 :
001 :
001 :

## 48 based on 12 rectangles

12 rectangles :
110 :
101 :
011 :
12 wide parallelograms (type 1) :
110 :
101 :
011 :
12 long parallelograms (type 1) :
110 :
101 :
011 :
12 hexagons (type 2) :

## 144 based on 24 rectangles

24 rectangles :
110 :
foo :
bar :
101 :
foo :
bar :
011 :
foo :
bar :
24 wide parallelograms (type 2) :
110 foo :
110 bar :
101 foo :
101 bar :
011 foo :
011 bar :
48 long parallelograms (types 1 and 2) :
110 < :
type 1   foo :
type 2   bar :
110 > :
type 2   foo :
type 1   bar :
101 < :
type 1   foo :
type 2   bar :
101 > :
type 2   foo :
type 1   bar :
011 < :
type 1   foo :
type 2   bar :
011 > :
type 2   foo :
type 1   bar :
48 hexagons (types 1 and 2) :
type 1   spam :
type 1   eggs :
type 2   spam :
type 2   eggs :
type 1   spam :
type 1   eggs :
type 2   spam :
type 2   eggs :
type 1   spam :
type 1   eggs :
type 2   spam :
type 2   eggs :
# 3-ary Boolean functions; balanced families

In the triangle T =  A227724 the entry T(n,k) shows the number of balanced n-ary families that contain 2$^k$ functions.
Row n=3 has the entries 0,7,0,7.

## T(3,1) = 7

The seven 3-ary families that contain 2$^1$ = 2 functions: These are linear functions (tribe E0). They correspond to the rows of a Walsh matrix, except row 0. (The corresponding box in this cube is empty.)

## T(3,3) = 7

The seven 3-ary families that contain 2$^3$ = 8 functions:
| | tribe E2 | | tribe E3 |
| tribe E1 | tribe E2 | tribe E2 | tribe E3 |
| tribe E1 | tribe E1 | tribe E2 | tribe E2 |
| | tribe E1 | tribe E1 | tribe E2 |
# Catalogue 22/Confederation Park Stair

Part of Catalogue 22, Catalogue 22 on Google Maps
Designer: Jaclyn Squizzato Degree: B. Architecture School: Carleton University Year: 2009 Location of Project: Confederation Park, Ottawa Project Status: Unbuilt
Design of a stair which could be utilized as a landscape, in addition to circulation. Multi-tiered platform to be used as an area to rest on, and host gatherings around.
# Catalogue 22/Culinary Institue - J. Squizzato

Part of Catalogue 22, Catalogue 22 on Google Maps
Designer: Jaclyn Squizzato Degree: B. Architecture School: Carleton University Year: 2009 Location of Project: York Street and Dalhousie Street Project Status: Unbuilt
The objective of the culinary institute was to combine a restaurant, cooking school, and chef residences into a cohesive structure. After exploring the Byward market and the prospective site, the overwhelming number of regular geometric brick structures and the amazingly energetic, and colorful Byward market stood out as contrasting yet, defining elements of the neighborhood. The importance of the site as a corner lot, and its ability to intersect pedestrian traffic and thereby pull the Byward into the Institute was also of primary importance.The central courtyard rapidly became a key element of the Institute since it was able to easily relate back to a community and also draw the public into the Institute. The courtyard then expanded conceptually to incorporate the idea of carnivorous architecture. Specifically an architecture that would begin to cannibalize itself in portions, literally taking on the role of an “Eating Institute”.
# Catalogue 22/Culinary Institue - S.Wolba

Part of Catalogue 22, Catalogue 22 on Google Maps
Designer: Stephen Wolba Degree: B. Architecture School: Carleton University Year: 2009 Location of Project: Booth Street and Somerset Sreet Project Status: Unbuilt
The Swiss Alps Chocolaterie’s design draws inspiration from the Alps mountain range. Hard edges, large planes, and crevices within the building create the experience of being in a mountain through both visual experiences of looking down at the building from high spaces, as well as through the quality of light generated from, and within, these spaces. Located primarily in the basement of the building, the school portion of the institute can be observed from the street and from the levels above through glazed cracks and crevices,. These openings to below also allow for natural light to reach deep within spaces in the interior of the building.
# Catalogue 22/Culinary Institute - N. Petricca

Part of Catalogue 22, Catalogue 22 on Google Maps
Designer: Natalie Petricca Degree: B. Architecture School: Carleton University Year: 2010 Location of Project: Hamilton Av N and Wellington Street Project Status: Unbuilt
This culinary institute was designed to connect to the surrounding community, via the essential component of cooking, the garden. The vertical garden on the elevator acted to connect the entire building as it could be viewed from anywhere and the gardens behind the institute acted as a space of repose for the surrounding residential community. Connection was explored in at all scales from the buildings connection to the community to the connection of the cladding to the structure.
# Catalogue 22/Casa Kike Analysis

Part of Catalogue 22, Catalogue 22 on Google Maps
Designer: Megan Beange Degree: B. Architecture School: Carleton University Year: 2009 Location of Project: Costa Rica Project Status: Built
The house analysis project was intended to help the student understand the depth of conceptual thinking that is invested in a professional work. Each student was given a project to research and evaluated based on the success with which they analyzed the concepts and ideas inherent in the work. Categories analyzed include form, space, structure, landscape + site, location + culture, client-architect relations etc. Casa Kike was built by an Architect for his father (a famous author) on the coastline of Costa Rica. By coupling indigenous timber techniques with modern building technologies, this double pavilion is made a fully functioning work space for the author. The floor plan takes its shape from the triangulation of trees existing on the site. Further more, only local trees were cut and milled for this project. The library itself is representative of the three life-stages of a tree for an author; those alive right outside the louvered glazing, those dead and assembled into structure, and those reborn into the pages of written word. The plan also speaks to the tension between the larger pavilion and the smaller, and of the tension between father and son, architect and client.