OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# BCP/Physocarpus opulifolius 'Diablo'/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Physocarpus opulifolius 'Diablo' (Diablo Ninebark). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 14:06, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Phlox subulata

Phlox sublata
| flowering plant Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Phlox subulata (Moss phlox) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs Ngravagna 18:46, 28 April 2009 (UTC) Jomegat 30 April 2009 (backdating) Jomegat 22:04, 4 May 2009 (UTC) Jomegat 12:32, 10 May 2009 (UTC) Jomegat 00:22, 19 May 2009 (UTC) Jomegat 00:30, 2 June 2009 (UTC) Jomegat 00:21, 9 June 2009 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Spring, Late Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) April, May New Hampshire: April, May, June
Additional images:
# BCP/Physalis heterophylla/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Physalis heterophylla (Common Ground Cherry, Clammy Ground Cherry). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* SB Johnny-LM 11:07, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
# Big Data/YARN

YARN (Yet Another Resource Negotiator) is a cluster management system. It has been part of Apache Hadoop since v2.0.
With the help of YARN arbitrary applications can be executed on a Hadoop cluster. Therefore, the application has to consist of one application master and an arbitrary number of containers. Latter are responsible for the execution of the application whereas the application master requests container and monitors their progress and status.
In order to execute these applications, YARN consists of two component types:
* The ResourceManager is unique for a complete cluster. Its main task is granting the requested resources and balancing the load of the cluster. Furthermore, it starts the application master initially and restarts it in case of a failure.
* On each computing node, one NodeManager is executed. It starts and monitors the containers assigned to it as well as the usage of its resources, i.e., CPU usage and memory consumption.
# Big bang/A Crituqe of Assessing Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis

(Review Paper) Cited in Big bang/A Crituqe of Assessing Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis

### The 4He Measurements Predict Big Bang

They have found that the 4He measurements, which the theory underestimated is now vindicated by a more accurate theory.

### Methods

They used Bayesian Methods to predict what the Baryon percentages are.

### Results

They found the new theoretical amounts are 95% accurate with the measured amounts
# Big bang/A critique of The self-reproducing inflationary universe

(Review Paper) Cited in Big bang/A critique of The self-reproducing inflationary universe

### Points Made

With space continually expanding as well as the six points made on why the big bang scientifically could not happen there is just cause for being against the theory.

### Methods

From the article researched it outlined six main points on why the big bang could not have happened. First being was there anything before the big bang? How could everything in our known universe appear from nothing? The common scientific question to many scientists researching this subject is what came first the universe or laws that determine its evolution? All a hard thing to grasp or even have a way to figure it out. Second problem with the big bang theory is they say space is flat. It is not flat in fact space can be curved. The forth problem has to do with the timing of the "big bang". The theory suggests all part of the universe started expanding at the same time. How did all the different parts synchronize the expansion. Did some one give a command? The fifth problem with the big bang theory existing is how the universe became so homogeneous. How can something be so large and at the same time some mechanism that can create galaxies at a whole? Scientists can not even grasp a way on how this can be tested or even found out. The final point made in the article was by Albert Einstein he questioned if God had any part in the creation in the universe basically because the above points support why the big bang could not have happened

### Results

Over time space is expanding therefore the big bang theory of a fireball exploding in a second is false.The big bang theory asserts that the universe was created in one giant cosmic fire ball and from there the universe continued to evolve. The inflation theory contradicts the big bang theory in that there are numerous cosmic fireballs constantly expanding verses one evolving.
# Big bang/A Critique of Introduction to Plasma Astrophysics and Cosmology

(Review Paper) Cited in Big bang/A Critique of Introduction to Plasma Astrophysics and Cosmology

### The Universe is made up of Plasma

In order to prove the theory of Plasma Astrophysics and Cosmology, Kristian Birkeland observed that plasma is present on Earth and filled with electrons and flying electric ions of all kinds.

### Rationale

Additionally, he observed an identical pattern in space which concludes that material matter is found in 'empty space'. Essentially, this theory supports the universal concept that matter was not created through a universal force, but rather was always present. The Big Bang Theory is counter-intuitive to Birkeland's positive observations.

### Results

The Northern Lights are an example that supports Birkeland's observations. The Northern Lights are made up entirely of plasma (electrons and electric ions) and behave in the same fashion as plasma in space.
# Big bang/A Critique of Two world systems revisited: a comparison of plasma cosmology and the Big Bang

(Review Paper) Cited in Big bang/A Critique of Two world systems revisited: a comparison of plasma cosmology and the Big Bang

### Contradicted by observations

There is no proof that the three entities (inflation field, dark matter, and dark energy) needed for the big bang to have happened.

### Methods

Pointed out flaws in the liberal way they used variables in the mathematical formulas to fit what was required of the theory.

### Results

BIG BANG NUCLEOSYNTHESIS
It used the baryon density that would fit whatever model they needed it to. Therefore, Baryon was a free variable in their equation and could occupy whatever numerical values that would correlate with their requirements.
LARGE-SCALE STRUCTURE AND VOIDS
Since the theory of the big bang states it began about 14 Gy ago, these large scale structures and void could not have formed in this amount of time.
They would need to generate final velocities of 600 km per hour to account for the voids and observed velocities have ranged from 200-250 km per hour. Therefore contradicting the current model of the big bang theory.
# Big bang/A critique of Compton effect interpretation of solar red shift

(Review Paper) Cited in Big bang/A critique of Compton effect interpretation of solar red shift

### Compton Effect and Redshift

Compton effect causes Redshift which implies the universe is static as opposed to the universe expanding as the Big Bang theory suggests.

### Methods

based on a hypothesis, they used a model based on the mass currents in the photosphere and a formula to measure wavelengths of photons.

### Results

The magnitude of the total Compton effect redshift from multiple scatterings through a region containing free electrons is proportional to the photon wavelength. The magnitude of a Compton effect redshift is indistinguishable from a Doppler effect red shift. This means that the light appears to be scattering in the expanding universe, but in reality the light is being absorbed and reflected by electrons and protons in the air.
# Big bang/A Critique of ASTROPHYSICS: Precision Cosmology? Not Just Yet

(Review Paper) Cited in Big bang/A Critique of ASTROPHYSICS: Precision Cosmology? Not Just Yet

### relies on theoretical forces

The Big bang theory requires dark energy to exist. Dark energy is a theoretical force, we can't actually measure it.
# Chemicals/Thoriums/Quiz

Thoriums is an effort, in a lecture format, to describe the chemicals of the element thorium.
You are free to take this quiz based on the lecture/article thoriums at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{chemistry resources}} and {{geology resources}} templates. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* There is at least one chemical unique to Earth.
# Chemicals/Reactions/Quiz

Chemical reactions is an effort, in a lecture/article format, to describe the components of chemical reactions.
You are free to take this quiz based on the lecture/article chemical reactions at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{chemistry resources}} and {{geology resources}} templates. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* There is at least one geochemistry reaction unique to Earth.
# Chemistry (A-Level)/Practical skills in chemistry
## Overview

For A-level chemistry, you will have to partake in certain practical experiments of three types: quantitative, qualitative and evaluative. You will be graded for one of each in both you AS and A2 parts of the course, adding up to six graded experiments in the two years. You will usually have two or three attempts at each category.
Candidates should carry out experimental and investigative activities in order to develop their practical skills. Experimental and investigative activities should be set in contexts appropriate to, and reflect the demand of, the AS content. These activities should allow candidates to use their knowledge and understanding of Chemistry in planning, carrying out, analysing and evaluating their work.

## Evaluative

Back to Chemistry (A-Level)
* ↑ http://www.aqa.org.uk/subjects/science/as-and-a-level/chemistry-2420/subject-content/investigative-and-practical-skills-in-as-chemistry
# Chemistry (A-Level)

A brief overview of AS and A2 level Chemistry based around the Chemistry A specification

## AS Units
### Unit 1 - Atoms, bonds and groups

* Mole concept.

### Unit 3 - Practical skills in chemistry 1

* Practical skills in chemistry

## A2 Units
### Unit 4 - Rings, polymers and analysis

* Rings, acids and amines
* Polymers and synthesis
* Analysis

### Unit 5 - Equilibria, energetics and elements

* Rates, equilibrium and pH
* Energy
* Transition elements

### Unit 6 - Practical skills in chemistry 2

* Practical skills in chemistry

## See Also

Physics (A-level)
# Chemistry

Chemistry is the scientific discipline involved with elements and compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other substances.

## See Also

* Portal: Chemistry
* Wikipedia: Chemistry
* MIT: Chemistry Courses
* Open Michigan: Chemistry Courses
# BCP/Ruellia humilis/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Ruellia humilis (Fringeleaf Wild Petunia). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny 10:44, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Rumex acetosella/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Rumex acetosella (Sheepsorrel). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 08:53, 29 May 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:18, 4 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 01:31, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 23:44, 9 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 23:11, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 17:46, 6 July 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:50, 8 July 2008 (UTC)

#### 2009 Logs

* Jomegat 22:26, 6 May 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 22:29, 14 May 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 00:16, 21 May 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 12:32, 3 June 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 00:50, 22 July 2009 (UTC)

##### Recent Logs

* Jomegat 1 May 2009 (from photo)
# BCP/Rumex

Rumex
| Search for Rumex on commons) Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Rumex (Dock) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 09:00, 28 May 2008 (UTC) (probably R. obtusifolius) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: May
Additional images:
# BCP/Rumex acetosella

Rumex acetosella
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Rumex acetosella (Sheepsorrel) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Herbaceous forbFlowers:The flowers emerge from a tall, upright stem. Female flowers are maroon in color.Foliage:It has green arrowhead-shaped leaves and red-tinted deeply ridged stems, and it sprouts from an aggressive rhizome. The leaves are edible, imparting a pleasing, tart taste, but should not be eaten in large quantities. The tartness is due to the presence of oxalates which are also responsible for its toxicity.Growing Conditions:It favors moist soil, so it thrives in floodplains and near marshesLife Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs Jomegat 1 May 2009 (from photo) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring, Early Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (invasive or naturalized) May, June, July New Hampshire: (invasive or naturalized) May, June, July
Additional images:
# BCP/Rudbeckia laciniata/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Rudbeckia laciniata (Greenheaded Coneflower). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 16:27, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:24, 28 July 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:43, 1 September 2007 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Ruellia humilis

Ruellia humilis
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Ruellia humilis (Fringeleaf Wild Petunia) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny 10:44, 10 August 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) (cultivated) August
Additional images:
# BCP/Rumex/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Rumex (Dock). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs
##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 09:00, 28 May 2008 (UTC) (probably R. obtusifolius)
# BCP/Rumex crispus

Rumex crispus
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Rumex crispus (Curly Dock) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs Jomegat 23:25, 5 May 2010 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (invasive or naturalized) June, July New Hampshire: June, July, August , September
Additional images:
# BCP/Rudbeckia triloba

Rudbeckia triloba
| Flowers covering plant Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Rudbeckia triloba (Browneyed Susan) Identifying Characteristics Habit:upright forb, freely branching Recent Logs --Luai lashire 14:12, 9 September 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 10:32, 10 September 2007 (UTC) --Luai lashire 18:30, 22 September 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:53, 3 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 10:12, 17 November 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 11:56, 23 September 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) July, August, September, October, November Central Pennsylvania: August , September
Additional images:
# BCP/Rudbeckia triloba/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Rudbeckia triloba (Browneyed Susan). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* --Luai lashire 14:12, 9 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:32, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 18:30, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:53, 3 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:12, 17 November 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 11:56, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* --SB_Johnny | 16:27, 19 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:23, 28 August 2006 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:17, 27 July 2007 (UTC) (First open flowers yesterday)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:11, 1 August 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:28, 12 August 2007 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 17:48, 15 August 2007 (UTC)
# Anthropology/Introduction/Material culture

Material culture refers to artifacts like furniture, farm tools, toys, buttons, arrowheads, appliances, ceramics, houses, buildings or any thing made or modified by human beings. Artifacts are used as sources of information about the behavior and social patterns of a society or community and are used to interpret values, belief systems, ideas or attitudes. As Jules Prown, pre-eminent art historian, once stated: "The term materials culture thus refers to both the subject mater or the study, material, and to its purpose, the understanding of culture."
# Anthropology/Lecture/Quiz

Anthropology is a lecture and an article as part of the social sciences series.
You are free to take this quiz based on anthropology at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{humanities resources}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* The size of the society may determine whether psychology or sociology is needed.