# Evidence-based assessment/Preparation phase

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The preparation phase is a great opportunity to work smarter, and not harder. We can think about what are the most common issues among the reasons people come to the clinic, and use that perspective as a way to filter and organize our assessments and actions.
In the preparation phase, we:
* Identify and plan for the most common issues,
* Make sure that we have the best cost-effective assessments for them ready to use (and often built into our clinic's core battery), and
* Benchmark prevalence rates so that we have a sense of what is typical, and whether our local pattern differs in any interesting ways.
Identifying and planning for the most common issues allow us to avoid cognitive heuristics and errors that may cause us to miss out important diagnoses.
Benchmarking prevalence rates allows us to get a sense of how often we are seeing a particular disorder in this setting. Second, by comparing the local estimates to external benchmarks helps us to get a sense of whether we might want to invest in additional assessment methods, or reflect on reasons why our practice might be different from other settings.

## Tables and Figures
### Base rates for transdiagnostic comparison

Prevalence Table :
| Condition | Condition | Chapter | CDC | DAU | SDI | General Population |
| ADHD | ADHD | 4 | 11% or 6.8% | 23% | 38% | |
| Conduct Problems | Conduct Problems | 5 | 3.5% | 17% CD, 37% ODD | 25% CD, 38% ODD | 1.5-3.2% antisocial |
| Mood Disorders | Mood Disorders | | | 17% MDD, 10% dysthymia | 26% MDD, 8% dysthymia | |
| | Pediatric Depression | 6 | 2.1% | -- | | |
| | Adult Depression | 7 | | -- | | |
| | Late Life Depression | 8 | -- | -- | -- | |
| | Adult Bipolar | 9 | -- | -- | -- | 2.9%, 1% bipolar I, 2-4% spectrum |
| | Pediatric Bipolar | | | | | mean= 1.8% (95% CI, 1.1%–3.0%), bipolar I (mean =1.2%; 95% CI, 0.7%–1.9%) |
| | Self-Injurious Thought and Behavior | 10 | | | | |
| | NSSI | | | | | |
| | Ideation | | | | | |
| | Attempt | | | | | |
| Anxiety | Anxiety | | 3.0% | | | |
| | Child and Adolescent | 11 | | 8%(separation anxiety) | 18%(separation anxiety) | |
| | Specific & Social Phobia | 12 | -- | 6% (social), 6% (specific) | 20% (social), 15% (specific) | 9% social& 19% specific |
| | Panic & Agoraphobia | 13 | -- | 12% (panic) | 11% (panic) | 2.4% agora & 2.3%panic |
| | Generalized Anxiety Disorder | 14 | -- | 5% | 10% | 2.2% |
| Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder | 15 | -- | 9% | 12% | 1-2%(Ch. 15) |
| Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder | 16 | -- | 3% | 9% | 5%, 3.6% |
| Substance Use Disorders | Substance Use Disorders | 17 | 4.7% | 14% | 17% | |
| Alcohol Use Disorder | Alcohol Use Disorder | 18 | 4.2% | 10% | 13% | |
| Gambling Disorders | Gambling Disorders | 19 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Schizophrenia | Schizophrenia | 20 | -- | -- | -- | 0.014% child (Thomsen 1996) |
| Personality Disorders | Personality Disorders | 21 | -- | -- | -- | |
| | Cluster A | | | | | 3-6% life |
| | Cluster B (antisocial separate) | | | | | 1-5%% life |
| | Cluster C | | | | | 2-4% life |
| Couple Distress | Couple Distress | 22 | -- | -- | -- | ~50% divorce rate(Ch. 22) |
| Sexual Dysfunction | Sexual Dysfunction | 23 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Eating Disorders | Eating Disorders | 24 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Sleep/Wake Disorders | Sleep/Wake Disorders | 25 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Pain in Children and Adolescents | Pain in Children and Adolescents | 26 | -- | -- | -- | |
| Chronic Pain in Adults | Chronic Pain in Adults | 27 | -- | -- | -- | |
Notes.
* Table from Hunsley GATW 2nd edition (Youngstrom & Van Meter 2016)
* (Perou et al., 2013) is epidemeological
* (Rettew et al., 2009) is derived from an outpatient clinic
* (Roth & Fonagy, 2005)
* Epidemiological rates refer to general population, not treatment seeking samples, and so often represent a lower bound of what might be expected at a clinic.
* DAU= diagnosis as usual
* SDI= standard diagnostic interview