OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Minoan Civilization/Pre-Palatial Culture

Week 5 of Minoan Civilization
# Minoan Civilization/Pre-Palatial Period

Week 4 of Minoan Civilization
# Minoan Civilization/Protopalatial Cultures

Week 8 of Minoan Civilization
# Minoan Civilization/Protopalatial Period

Week 6 of Minoan Civilization
# Miscellaneous Topics and their development

There are many miscellaneous architectural gestures that supported the main concepts behind architectural works. Here we can assemble factual data that can be used for further examination.

## Barques, Barges, and Byblos Boats and their burial

List locations of boat pits, their sizes, location, etc.

### Early Dynastic Boat burials

Abydos:
* As part of a first dynasty complex 14 ancient boats were buried. This boat burial was found in Abydos and may have belonged to King Aha or Djer. Dimensions: 19 m × 3.5 m × 0.6 m - 29 m × 3.5 m × 0.6 m (14 boats)
Saqqara :
* Mastaba 3357. This tomb dates to the first dynasty. Probably to the time of Hor-Aha. It has a double enclosure wall measuring 48 m x 22 m. To the north buildings were found and described as an "estate". To the north of these estates a boat grave was found. Its dimensions were 19.3 m × 3.2 m × 1.0 m
* Mastaba 3503 This tomb is attributed to Queen Merneith of the first dynasty. The tomb has an enclosure wall and a boat burial. Dimensions 17.75 m × 4.25 m × 0.8 m
* Mastaba 3506. Reign of Den, This boat grave was placed within the enclosure wall. The mud brick superstructure was built directly on the desert surface. The dimensions are 22.15 m × 3.4 m × 1.1 m
* Mastaba 3036 Tomb of Ankh-ha. The boat pit was sunk below ground level and then lined with mud brick and plastered. The dimensions are 14.3 m × 2.15 m × 0.75 m
Helwan :
* Helwan is the site of one of the most extensive early dynastic cemeteries of the early dynastic period. Some tombs have boat pits.
Abu Roash (Abu Rawash) :
* Several early dynastic tombs from the time of King Den were found at Abu Rawash. One was accompanied by two boat burials.

### Boat burials at Giza

* There are five boat-pits near the pyramid of Khufu. One has been excavated, while another one will be excavated. The boat pits are covered by an outer containment wall.
** The North subsidiary pyramid (G Ia) has a boat-pit on the south side.
** The Middle subsidiary pyramid (G Ib) has a boat-pit at the south-west corner.
* There are five boat-pits near the pyramid of Khafre, with possibly a sixth north of the mortuary temple.
* There is a boat pit near the tomb of Queen Khentkaues I, who dates to the end of the 4th or beginning of the 5th dynasty.

### Boat pits of the 6th dynasty

* Mastaba of Kagemni: The funerary complex of the Vizier to king Teti contained two boat pits.
These include boat pits near the queen's pyramids as well.

## Statuary

Include Avenue of the Sphinxes or other groupings.

## Hieroglyphs and Architecture

Identify hieroglyphs that signify 'building' and look for relationship to actual built architecture within the same period...
# IT Security/Network/Protocols

This lesson covers network protocols security.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the network protocols portion of Security+ certification include:
    Given a scenario, implement common protocols and services.
   * Protocols
   ** IPSec
   ** SNMP
   ** SSH
   ** DNS
   ** TLS
   ** SSL
   ** TCP/IP
   ** FTPS
   ** HTTPS
   ** SCP
   ** ICMP
   ** IPv4
   ** IPv6
   ** iSCSI
   ** Fibre Channel
   ** FCoE
   ** FTP
   ** SFTP
   ** TFTP
   ** TELNET
   ** HTTP
   ** NetBIOS
   ** NTP
   * Ports
   ** 21
   ** 22
   ** 25
   ** 53
   ** 80
   ** 110
   ** 123
   ** 139
   ** 143
   ** 443
   ** 3389
   * OSI relevance

## Multimedia

* YouTube: IPv4 and IPv6 - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.4
* YouTube: IPsec - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.4
* YouTube: ICMP and SNMP - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.4
* YouTube: Telnet and SSH - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.4
* YouTube: Transferring Files - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.4
* YouTube: DNS - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.4
* YouTube: HTTPS and TLS/SSL - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.4
* YouTube: Storage Area Networking - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.4
* YouTube: NetBIOS - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.4
* YouTube: Common Network Ports - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.4
* YouTube: Protocols and the OSI Model - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.4
# IT Security/Network/Wireless

This lesson covers wireless network security.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the wireless network portion of Security+ certification include:
    Given a scenario, troubleshoot security issues related to wireless networking.
   * WPA
   * WPA2
   * WEP
   * EAP
   * PEAP
   * LEAP
   * MAC filter
   * Disable SSID broadcast
   * TKIP
   * CCMP
   * Antenna Placement
   * Power level controls
   * Captive portals
   * Antenna types
   * Site surveys
   * VPN (over open wireless)

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Wireless Encryption - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.5
* YouTube: EAP, LEAP, and PEAP - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.5
* YouTube: MAC Address Filtering - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.5
* YouTube: SSID Management - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.5
* YouTube: TKIP and CCMP - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.5
* YouTube: Wireless Power and Antenna Placement - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.5
* YouTube: Captive Portals - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.5
* YouTube: Antenna Types - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.5
* YouTube: Site Surveys - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.5
* YouTube: VPN Over Open Wireless Networks - CompTIA Security+ SY0-401: 1.5
# Network+/Architecture/Services

This lesson introduces network services.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the network services portion of Network+ certification include:
* Install and configure the following networking services/applications
** DHCP
*** Static vs dynamic IP addressing
*** Reservations
*** Scopes
*** Leases
*** Options (DNS servers, suffixes)
*** IP helper/DHCP relay
** DNS
*** DNS servers
*** DNS records (A, MX, AAAA, CNAME, PTR)
*** Dynamic DNS
** Proxy/Reverse Proxy
** NAT
*** PAT
*** SNAT
*** DNAT
** Port forwarding

## Readings

* Read Wikipedia: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol.
* Read Wikipedia: Domain Name System.
* Read Wikipedia: Proxy server.
* Read Wikipedia: Network address translation.
* Read Wikipedia: Port forwarding.

## Multimedia

* Watch YouTube: DHCP Addressing Overview - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.3.
* Watch YouTube: DHCP Reservations - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.3.
* Watch YouTube: DHCP Scopes - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.3.
* Watch YouTube: DHCP Leases - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.3.
* Watch YouTube: DHCP Options - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.3.
* Watch YouTube: An Overview of DNS - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.3.
* Watch YouTube: DNS Records - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.3.
* Watch YouTube: Dynamic DNS - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.3.
* Watch YouTube: Proxy Servers - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.3.
* Watch YouTube: Understanding Network Address Translation - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.3.
# Network+/Architecture/Unified Communications

This lesson covers unified communications.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the unified communications portion of Network+ certification include:
* Identify the basics elements of unified communication technologies
** VoIP
** Video
** Real time services
*** Presence
*** Multicast vs unicast
** QoS
*** DSCP
*** COS
** Devices
*** UC servers
*** UC devices
*** UC gateways

## Readings

* Read Wikipedia: Voice over IP.
* Read Wikipedia: Quality of service.

## Multimedia

* Watch YouTube: Unified Communication Technologies - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.10.
# Network+/Architecture/WAN Technologies

This lesson covers Wide Area Network (WAN) technologies.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the WAN technologies portion of Network+ certification include:
* Explain the characteristics and benefits of various WAN technologies
** Fiber
*** SONET
*** DWDM
*** CWDM
** Frame relay
** Satellite
** Broadband cable
** DSL/ADSL
** ISDN
** ATM
** PPP/Multilink PPP
** MPLS
** GSM/CDMA
*** LTE/4G
*** HSPA+
*** 3G
*** Edge
** Dialup
** WiMAX
** Metro-Ethernet
** Leased lines
*** T-1
*** T-3
*** E-1
*** E-3
*** OC3
*** OC12
** Circuit switch vs packet switch

## Readings

* Read Wikipedia: Wide area network.

## Multimedia

* Watch YouTube: SONET, DWDM, and CWDM - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.4.
* Watch YouTube: ATM, Frame Relay, and MPLS - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.4.
* Watch YouTube: Satellite, ISDN, Cable, DSL, and dialup networks - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.4.
* Watch YouTube: PPP and Multilink PPP - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.4.
* Watch YouTube: GSM, CDMA, and WiMAX - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.4.
* Watch YouTube: Leased Lines and Metro Ethernet - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.4.
* Watch YouTube: Circuit Switching and Packet Switching - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.4.
# Network+/Architecture/Routing

This lesson covers routing.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the routing portion of Network+ certification include:
* Explain the basics of routing concepts and protocols
** Loopback interface
** Routing loops
** Routing tables
** Static vs dynamic routes
** Default route
** Distance vector routing protocols
*** RIPv2
** Hybrid routing protocols
*** BGP
** Link state routing protocols
*** OSPF
*** IS-IS
** Interior vs exterior gateway routing protocols
** Autonomous system numbers
** Route redistribution
** High availability
*** VRRP
*** Virtual IP
*** HSRP
** Route aggregation
** Routing metrics
*** Hop counts
*** MTU, bandwidth
*** Costs
*** Latency
*** Administrative distance
*** SPB

## Readings

* Read Introduction.
* Read Wikipedia: Routing.
* Read Wikipedia: Distance-vector routing protocol.
* Read Wikipedia: Link-state routing protocol.
* Read Wikipedia: Routing Information Protocol.
* Read Wikipedia: Open Shortest Path First.
* Read Wikipedia: Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol.
* Read Wikipedia: Border Gateway Protocol.
* Read Wikipedia: Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol.
* Read Wikipedia: Hot Standby Router Protocol.

## Multimedia

* Watch YouTube: Routing Tables - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.9.
* Watch YouTube: Route Aggregation and Redistribution - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.9.
* Watch YouTube: Routing Metrics - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.9.
* Watch YouTube: Static and Dynamic Routing - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.9.
* Watch YouTube: Link State, Distance Vector, and Hybrid Routing Protocols - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.9.
* Watch YouTube: IGP and EGP - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.9.
* Watch YouTube: High Availability - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.9.
# Network+/Architecture/Topologies

This lesson covers topologies.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the topologies portion of Network+ certification include:
* Differentiate between common network topologies
** Mesh
*** Partial
*** Full
** Bus
** Ring
** Star
** Hybrid
** Point-to-point
** Point-to-multipoint
** Client-server
** Peer-to-peer

## Readings

* Read Wikipedia: Network topology.
* Read Wikipedia: Client–server model.
* Read Wikipedia: Peer-to-peer.

## Multimedia

* Watch YouTube: Common Network Topologies - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.6.
# Network+/Architecture/Virtualization and Cloud

This lesson covers unified virtualization and cloud concepts.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the virtualization and cloud concepts portion of Network+ certification include:
* Compare and contrast technologies that support cloud and virtualization
** Virtualization
*** Virtual switches
*** Virtual routers
*** Virtual firewall
*** Virtual vs physical NICs
*** Software defined networking
** Storage area network
*** iSCSI
*** Jumbo frame
*** Fibre Channel
*** Network attached storage
** Cloud concepts
*** Public IaaS, SaaS, PaaS
*** Private IaaS, SaaS, PaaS
*** Hybrid IaaS, SaaS, PaaS
*** Community IaaS, SaaS, PaaS

## Readings

* Read Wikipedia: Virtualization.
* Read Wikipedia: Storage area network.
* Read Wikipedia: Cloud computing.

## Multimedia

* Watch YouTube: Virtualization - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.11.
* Watch YouTube: Storage Area Networks - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.11.
* Watch YouTube: Cloud Technologies - CompTIA Network+ N10-006 - 1.11.
# Motivation and emotion/Book/2011/Banner

Motivation and emotion: Improve your life (2011)

## Pre-pages

* Cover
* About the book
* Authoring and reviewing
** Author guidelines
** Marking criteria
* Feedback
# Pre-school education

Pre-school education is usually for children aged between about 2-6, although it varies; in the UK, formal education typically begins at 4, in the U.S. typically at 5, and some countries, as late as 7.
Pre-school is also sometimes known as nursery school or day care. Early learning, by comparison, covers from birth to the end of preschool, and includes learning at home as well as externally provided education.
Pre-school education is followed by primary education.

## Topics
### Opposites

* Left/Right
* Before/After
* Up/Down
* Over/Under
* Forwards/Backwards
* Heavy/Light
* Light/Dark
* Long/Short

### Social skills

* Identifying emotions in others
* Identifying emotions in self

### Time

* Analogue Clocks
* Digital Clocks
* Calendar
* Seasons
* Days of the week
* Weekdays/Weekends

### Skills

* Tracing
* Cutting
* Taping
* Gluing
* Threading
* Getting dressed
* Pencil grip

### Classification

* Real/Fake
* Alive/Not living
* Has wheels/Doesn't have wheels
* Floats/Sinks
* Whole/Part

### Language

* Starts with (sound or letter)
* Ends with (sound or letter)
* Identify rhymes
* Recite alphabet
* Match uppercase with lowercase

### Maths

* 2D shapes
* 3D shapes
* Basic fractions: whole, half, quarter
* Numbers 1-20
* Count objects with one-to-one corrspondance
* Sort by color
* Basic measuring
* Basic weighing
* Simple addition/subtraction with small number objects
* Sequencing

## Activity ideas

* Puzzles
* Imaginary play
* Painting
* Coloring
* Games
* Outdoor exploration
Main article: Pre-school education/Activities

## What do preschool children need?

We'd like them to learn through exploration, and also be able to collaborate, to learn co-operation and sharing. Older learners need more challenging activities.
Most importantly it needs to be fun and enjoyable learn through play!
They need rewards when they do things well (matching shapes to the names), and positive reinforcement when the get things wrong. (We're looking for the circle; try again.)
(also what do they want and what do they like?) They are young and need instant gratification no waiting they want a reaction right away! They love things that make sounds, noises, cause and effect, surprises, magic!
We do want to give our early learners the ability to explore and understand, but we have to make sure they aren't able to (physically) destroy parts, or hurt themselves. We should search for durable keyboards or expect them to be expendable.
Sleep is one thing they need.
Physical Activity is another.

## What do preschool teachers need?

A child friendly computer.
For many teachers, they themselves will need computer training to be able to help facilitate any activities on the computer.
Good programs to enhance activities and themes that are being used in the classroom.
# Pre-Socratic philosophy

< Back to Ancient Greek Philosophy
Pre-Socratic philosophers are those whose studies are about subjects before Socrates. Usually those subjects are mostly about nature or cosmos, so very often this period is wrongly identified with cosmological period of Greek philosophy. This identification is wrong because Sophists are considered Pre-Socratic Philosophers, but their studies are not about cosmos nor nature. This term originates with Herman Diels and his book The Fragments of the Pre-Socratics. You can find similar grouping in the works of Friedrich Nietzsche much earlier, but his grouping is used in other sense. Socrates was born around 469 BC, and most of Pre-Socrates are older than Socrates but not all of them. Don't be confused with this because this grouping has nothing to do with time but with subjects.

## Essential Reading

* Presocratic Philosophers

## Further Reading

* Milesian school
* Pythagoreanism
* Heraclitus
* Eleatics
* Pluralist school
* Atomism
* Sophism
* Diogenes Apolloniates
# Indonesia

Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia), is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Sulawesi, Java, and parts of Borneo and New Guinea. Indonesia is the world's largest island country and the 14th-largest country by area, at 1,904,569 square kilometres (735,358 square miles). With about 270 million people, Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority country. Java, the world's most populous island, is home to more than half of the country's population.

## See Also

* Comparative law and justice/Indonesia
* Wikipedia: Indonesia
# Indigenous and Intercultural Health/Workshop activities

(2 hours/week x 8) (1000 words equivalent) 15%
Workshop Activities
Preparation and participation in face-to-face workshop activities
- 2 hours per week
- 500 words equivalent
Please Note: Successful participation requires prior completion of online learning exercises
# Induction/3^n \geq n^4/Exercise/Solution

Initial step for $n=10$. We have
    $3^{10}=9^{5}=81\cdot 81\cdot 9\geq 6000\cdot 9\geq 10000=n^{4}\,.$
For the induction step let $n\geq 10$. Then
    $3^{n+1}=3\cdot 3^{n}\geq 3\cdot n^{4}=n^{4}+{\frac {1}{2}}n^{4}+{\frac {1}{2}}n^{4}+{\frac {1}{2}}n^{4}+{\frac {1}{2}}n^{4}\,.$
On the other hand the general binomial formula yields
    $(n+1)^{4}=n^{4}+4n^{3}+6n^{2}+4n+1\,.$
We have to show
    $n^{4}+{\frac {1}{2}}n^{4}+{\frac {1}{2}}n^{4}+{\frac {1}{2}}n^{4}+{\frac {1}{2}}n^{4}\geq n^{4}+4n^{3}+6n^{2}+4n+1\,.$
The first summands coincide on the left and on the right. For the other summands we show that the term on the left hand side, namely ${\frac {1}{2}}n^{4}$, is at least as large as the term on the right hand side. But this follows directly from $n^{4}\geq 8n^{3}$ (since $n\geq 10$), from $n^{4}\geq 12n^{2}$, since $n^{2}\geq 12$, from $n^{4}\geq 8n$ and from $n^{4}\geq 2$.
# Induction/3^n \geq n^4/Exercise

Show by induction that for $n\geq 10$ the estimate
    $3^{n}\geq n^{4}\,$
holds.
# Induction/6^(n+2)+7^(2n+1) divisible by 43/Exercise

Show, by induction, that for every $n\in \mathbb {N}$, the number
    $6^{n+2}+7^{2n+1}$
is a multiple of $43$.
# Induction/2m+1 Product (2i-1)^2/Product 4k^2-1/Exercise

Fix $m\in \mathbb {N}$. Show, by induction, that the following identity holds.
    $(2m+1)\prod _{i=1}^{m}(2i-1)^{2}=\prod _{k=1}^{m}(4k^{2}-1)\,.$
# Indigenous and Intercultural Health/Online learning exercises

2x 30 minutes at Week 1 and Week 11 (500 words equivalent) 15%
1. Online Learning Exercises (10%, 500 words equivalent)
- Total of 2 hours per week
- Preparation by reading core materials & completing online activities
Intercultural Competence Self-Assessments (10%, 500 words equivalent total)
- (1 x 30 minutes in Week 1) + (1 x 30 minutes in Week 11)
- Brief notes identifying and commenting on your strengths, improvement areas & suggesting strategies.
This task is essential for all other learning activities and assignments. You will complete this online survey both at the start and end of the course, allowing you to reflect on areas of strength, potential improvement and changes resulting from your learning experiences during this course.
Note- Assessment 2: Workshop Activities rely on successful completion of online activities beforehand. You will not be able to successfully complete Workshop Activities without this preparation.
# Indigenous and Intercultural Health/Quick Quiz 1

Quick Quiz 1
# Individual differences psychology

This psychology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
Individual differences refers to the field of study which examines psychological differences between people. Two major topics of investigation within individual differences are intelligence and personality. Other key topics include motivation and emotion. Study of individual differences is a core aspect of undergraduate psychology.
# Observational astronomy/Supernova

This observing program will study supernovae in distant galaxies. The brightness of a supernova will be measured by analyzing images taken with a digital camera attached to a telescope. These measurements will then be plotted on a graph to show how the brigthness changes over time. This type of graph is called a light curve. The shape of the light curve depends on the physical process that produces the light and it can help to classify the type of supernova that has occurred.
This is an ongoing project which will continue through the spring of 2007. The process of collecting and analyzing the data will be documented here. If you are interested in joining this learning group please leave a message at the talk page.

## Observing session 1

The first target observed is SN 2006sr which was discovered by Doug Rich on 12 December 2006. The supernova is located in the galaxy UGC 14 which is at a distance of about 100 megaparsecs. It is a Type Ia supernova.
A series of images were taken on 21 December 2006 using a 16" Meade telescope with an ST-L digital camera. A sample raw image is shown on this page. The purpose of taking these images was to determine the feasibility of making observations of dim supernovae from an observatory located in a urban environment. The results will also be used to refine the procedures for taking images to improve the quality of the data.
These images were taken without a filter and with exposure times of 60 and 20 seconds. The supernova was easily detected in the images. However, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is rather low. This will make it more difficult to get a precise measurement of the brightness. The background noise could be due to light pollution and the amount of background noise might depend on the weather conditions at the time of observation. Another method of increasing the SNR is to take multiple images and use computer software to "stack" them.

## Plan

Followup observations of SN 2006sr were made on Dec. 28 and 29. On Dec. 29 a second target was also observed. SN 2006td was discovered on Dec. 24 by Wolfgang Kloehr. It is a Type Ia in the galaxy LEDA 74050. On Jan. 2 the two supernovae were observed again, along with a third target. SN 2006rs is a Type Ia in the galaxy IC 28. It was discovered Nov. 11 by the Nearby Supernova Factory.
    Images of supernova 2006sr
* 2006-12-21.027
* 2006-12-28.010
* 2006-12-29.023
* 2007-01-02.960
* 2007-01-04.988
    Images of other supernovae
* SN2006rs 2007-01-02.976
* SN2006td 2006-12-29.082
* SN2006td 2007-01-03.083
* SN2007A 2007-01-05.001