OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Psychology/Quiz

Psychology is a resource as part of the social sciences series. A specific lecture focusing on psychology differentiating it from other sciences and humanities may be developed.
You are free to take this quiz based on psychology at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{humanities resources}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* The size of the group may determine whether psychology or sociology is needed.
# Motivation and emotion/Admin/Indigenisation
## Overview

This unit is being progressively indigenised with regard to Indigenous Australian culture, knowledge, opportunities, and challenges.

## Content and process

* Acknowledgement of country
* Students can opt to conduct a major project on a specific motivation or emotion topic as it relates to Indigenous Australians. The projects develop open educational resources in the form of online, editable Wikiversity pages and publicly available multimedia presentations. hese resources are available via this category. Students can also negotiate their own topics for the major project which allows for particular interests in Indigenous Australian psychology to be pursued.
* The current unit convener aims to maximise openness, accessibility, and public editability of the unit's educational materials as an alternative to the colonial/Western practice of claiming restrictive ownership over knowledge, access to education, and restriction of intellectual property.
* Lectures:
** Introduction includes an acknowledgement of country
** Growth psychology
*** Slide 5 Evolution of paradigms in psychology adapted in 2022 to include Indigenous (psychology)
*** Slide 8 Closely related psychologies adapted in 2021 to include Indigenous psychology

## Next steps

Some next steps:
* Map unit content and processes against:
** Indigenous Australian ways of learning
** Knowing, being, and doing
*** Knowing (Content) Indigenous Knowledge / Histories and communication / Engagement and Communication
*** Being (Perspectives/Practice; knowledge construction/worldview)
*** Doing (Pedagogies- Indigenous ways of learning)
** UC graduates are able to demonstrate Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ways of knowing, being and doing. UC graduates can:
*** use local Indigenous histories and traditional ecological knowledge to develop and augment understanding of their discipline;
*** communicate and engage with Indigenous Australians in ethical and culturally respectful ways;
*** apply their knowledge to working with Indigenous Australians in socially just ways.
* Students could be further incentivised to contribute updates and improvements to existing motivation and emotion Indigenous Australian resources
# Motivation and emotion/Admin
## Changes

For a summary of what has changed each year, see changes.

## Assessment

* Multimedia review process

## Evaluation

For a summary of student feedback each year, see evaluation.

## Lectures

* Lecturer notes
* Videos

## Subpages

Special:Prefixindex/Motivation and emotion/Admin/

## Templates

Category:Motivation and emotion/Templates

### Topic development

* Due date
* {{ME/BCS}} (for getting started)
* {{HC}} | {{Heading casing}}
* {{METF}} (Topic development feedback)

### Book chapter

* {{Motivation and emotion/Book}} (for embedding in sentences)
* Due date
* {{MEBF}} (Book chapter feedback template)
* Notes for markers

#### Chapter page was pre-existing

* {{METE}} (Pre-developed topic which was abandoned)
* {{METP}} (Previously attempted topic which was insufficient and therefore relisted)

### Multimedia

* Due date
* {{MEMF}} (Multimedia feedback)

### Quizzes

* Due date

### Inline comments

* Category:Clarification templates
* {{Inline comment}}
* {{Comment}}

### User talk

* {{Welcomeip}}

### No longer used

* {{MEP2010}}
* {{MET}}
* {{Motivation and emotion/Textbook/Chapter}}
* {{Motivation and emotion/Textbook/Chapter/Recording}} - {{MECR}}
* {{Motivation and emotion/Chapter/Feedback/2010}} - {{MECF}}
* {{Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Multimedia/Feedback/2010}} -
* {{Motivation and emotion/E-portfolio/Feedback/2010}}

## Unused/notes

* Evaluation
* Favourite people
* Questions
* Readings
* References
* Topics
* Videos

## Update annually

* Motivation and emotion
** Due dates:
*** Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Selection/Due
*** Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Topic/Due
*** Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Due
*** Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Multimedia/Due
*** Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Quizzes/Due
** Getting started
** About
* Assessment
** Book
*** {{Motivation and emotion/Book}}
*** Motivation and emotion/Assessment/Chapter/Contents
*** {{MEBF}}
*** {{Motivation and emotion/Book}}
** Multimedia
*** {{MEMF}}
* Discussion
* {{Motivation and emotion/Canvas}}
* {{Motivation and emotion/Hashtag}}
* Lectures
** Link to recordings
** {{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/In development}}
** {{Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Complete}}
* Outline
* Timetable
* Tutorials
** Drop-in
** {{Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/In development}}
** {{Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Complete2}}
# Motivation and emotion/Admin/Convening

Here's some tasks that a convener of this unit may undertake:

## Week -7+

* Set up Canvas site
* Welcome early birds
* Conduct unit design preferences survey
* Arrange timetabling

## Week -2

* Release draft unit outline for comment
* Submit final unit outline for approval

## Week -1

* Book lecture recording

## Week 0

* Release unit outline

## Week 1

* Welcome all students who join Wikiversity on their Wikiversity talk page - update and substitute {{MEW}}.
* Place the participant template for the year on participants' user page - e.g., transclude {{MEP2011}}
* Tidy up the participants' page as students edit

## Week 3

* Allocation to book chapter topics is due
# Motivation and emotion/Admin/Equivalent units
## Equivalent units

Motivation and emotion equivalent Level 2 or 3 units at APAC-accredited institutions include:
* TBA
For a thorough, up to date search of possibilities, use https://www.psychologycouncil.org.au/APAC_accredited_psychology_programs_australasia to identify APAC-accredited programs which are offered online, and then explore their offerings of an equivalent unit. Once you identify a relevant unit, contact healthstudentliason@canberra.edu.au to confirm equivalency and arrange to apply for transfer of credit.
# Motivation and emotion/About/Unit description

This unit covers theories of motivation (such as brain processes, extrinsic and intrinsic motivation, goal-setting, and the self) and emotion (including biological and cognitive perspectives, core emotions, and emotional regulation) and considers their application to everyday life.
# Search Engines/Distributed P2P Search Engines

The goals of this learning project are to come away with a better idea of how search and p2p technology is implemented. Additionally, if it is found to be practical and feasible, a distributed p2p search engine will be utilized or created.

## Subpages

Subpages can be created - like /concepts (for concepts involved in this learning project)
# Search and rescue

Search and rescue (SAR) is the search for and provision of aid to people who are in distress or imminent danger. The general field of search and rescue includes many specialty sub-fields, typically determined by the type of terrain the search is conducted over. These include mountain rescue; ground search and rescue, including the use of search and rescue dogs; urban search and rescue in cities; combat search and rescue on the battlefield and air-sea rescue over water.

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Search and rescue
* Wikipedia: Mounted search and rescue

## Activities

* SAR mission 2008 01
* SAR mission 2008 02
# Search Engines/Popular Search Engines

There are many search engines available online. The top visited sites include multiples features beside search-ability. Some search engines are specific to a subject or file type. Also there are search sites called meta-search engines, which offer the ability to search multiple search engine sites with all the results listed on one page.
Search Engines are popular among students as an academic research tool.
Top 4 search sites worldwide:
* Google – search websites, patents, products, books, and much more.Over 50 major features.
* Yahoo – search websites. Includes directory and news portals. Includes community questions and answers.
* Ask – search websites provides multiple search results.
* Live Search – An MSN site.
Unique search engines by specific subject:
Meta search engines
Other popular search engines
* Yandex
* DuckDuckgo
# PlanetPhysics/Quantum Groups and Von Neumann Algebras

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### Hilbert spaces, Von Neumann algebras and Quantum Groups

John von Neumann introduced a mathematical foundation for quantum mechanics in the form of $W^{*}$-algebras of (quantum) bounded operators in a (quantum:= presumed separable , i.e. with a countable basis) Hilbert space $H_{S}$. Recently, such von Neumann algebras, $W^{*}$ and/or (more generally) C*-algebras are, for example, employed to define \htmladdnormallink{locally compact quantum groups $CQG_{lc}$}{http://planetphysics.us/encyclopedia/LocallyCompactQuantumGroup.html} by equipping such algebras with a co-associative multiplication and also with associated, both left-- and right-- Haar measures, defined by two semi-finite normal weights .

#### Remark on Jordan-Banach-von Neumann (JBW) algebras, JBWA

A Jordan--Banach algebra (a JB--algebra for short) is both a real Jordan algebra and a Banach space, where for all Failed to parse (unknown function "\bR"): {\displaystyle S, T \in \mathfrak A_{\bR}} , we have \bigbreak \bigbreak \bigbreak Failed to parse (syntax error): {\displaystyle \Vert S \circ T \Vert &\leq \Vert S \Vert ~ \Vert T \Vert ~, \\ \Vert T \Vert^2 &\leq \Vert S^2 + T^2 \Vert ~. }
\bigbreak \bigbreak \bigbreak
A JLB--algebra is a $JB$--algebra Failed to parse (unknown function "\bR"): {\displaystyle \mathfrak A_{\bR}} together with a Poisson bracket for which it becomes a Jordan--Lie algebra $JL$ for some $\hslash ^{2}\geq 0$~. Such JLB--algebras often constitute the real part of several widely studied complex associative algebras. For the purpose of quantization, there are fundamental relations between \htmladdnormallink{${\mathfrak {A}}^{sa}$, JLB and Poisson algebras}{http://planetphysics.us/encyclopedia/JordanBanachAndJordanLieAlgebras.html}. \bigbreak A JB--algebra which is monotone complete and admits a separating set of normal sets is called a JBW-algebra .
These appeared in the work of von Neumann who developed an \htmladdnormallink{orthomodular lattice theory {http://planetphysics.us/encyclopedia/OrthomodularLatticeTheory.html} of projections on ${\mathcal {L}}(H)$} on which to study quantum logic. BW-algebras have the following property: whereas ${\mathfrak {A}}^{sa}$ is a J(L)B--algebra, the self-adjoint part of a von Neumann algebra is a JBW--algebra.
# PlanetPhysics/Quantum Logic

\newcommand{\sqdiagram}[9]{Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "http://localhost:6011/en.wikiversity.org/v1/":): {\displaystyle \diagram #1 \rto^{#2} \dto_{#4}& \eqno{\mbox{#9}}} }
quantum logic using tools available on the internet.

## Quantum Logic description

There are several approaches to quantum logic, and it should be therefore more appropriately called `Quantum Logics'. The following is a short list of such approaches to quantum logics.
* A standard approach to quantum logics is to add axioms so that it can be treated as a theory of Hilbert lattices . Both Hilbert lattices and Hilbert space are involved in the foundation of quantum mechanics, and they are considered to be `dual' to each other. "Just as Fourier transforms have led to greater insight into the nature of electrical signals, it may be possible that (via Sol\`er's theorem) quantum logic and Hilbert lattices will lead to new results in quantum mechanics." The axioms of this standard version of quantum logic (QL) can be specified as three distinct groups of axioms: #
* the ortholattice axioms: ax-a1 to ax-a5, and ax-r1, ax-r2, ax-r4, ax-r5 ; for example: ax-a1 is: $a=N(Na)=NNa$, where N stands for the logical negation; ax-a2 and ax-a3 are respectively the commutativity and associativity axioms; the ax-r1 ro ax-r5 axioms are implication axioms, such as: $[a=b]\Rightarrow [b=a]$ for ax-r1. #
* the orthomodular law, ax-r3, that holds for those ortholattices that are also orthomodular lattices: $1=[a\equiv b]\Rightarrow [a=b];$ (interestingly, without ax-r3, the quantum logic becomes decidable), and #
* stronger axioms than 1. and 2. for orthomodular lattices that are also Hilbert lattices. The set of closed subspaces of a Hilbert space, ${\mathcal {C}}_{H}$ determines a special case of an orthomodular lattice $\left\langle {{\mathcal {A}},\cup ,N}\right\rangle$.
* An interesting system for further studies is that in which the orthomodular lattice axiom or `orthomodular law', ax-r3, is replaced by a weaker axiom called the weakly orthomodular (WOM) law ;
* Quantum propositional calculus : quantum logic can be expressed and studied as a propositional calculus but involving the axioms or rules of quantum logics instead of those of Boolean logic. Quantum propositional calculus (QPC) is based on the algebra(s) of orthomodular lattices, similarly to the foundation of classical propositional calculus (CPC) on Boolean algebras. However, one notes that classical propositional calculus can also be modeled by a non-Boolean lattice, such as a centered $LM_{n}$-logic algebra. Another remarkable example is that of the logic lattice $O6$ ([0, a, b, Na, Nb,1]) which is a non-distributive model for classical propositional calculus.
* A second approach preferred by logicians is to define quantum logics via many-valued (MV) logic algebras such as the \Lukasiewicz-Moisil n-valued logic algebras.
# PlanetPhysics/Quantum Nano Automata

Description: A quantum nano-automaton or (quantum nano-computer) is realized as a microphysical nano-device represented by a quantum automaton that is also capable of quantum computation involving, for example, a field of computations specified over a quantum groupoid. The latter can be realized as a locally compact (topological) groupoid, topological semi-group; in the more general case, it can be defined over a quantum algebraic category, quantum algebroid or a higher dimensional algebraic structure (as previously defined in higher dimensional algebra).
A quantum nano-automaton ({\mathbf nanorobot, or nanocomputer}) is precisely defined mathematically as a Quantum Algebraic Topology object determined by the quantum triplet Failed to parse (unknown function "\grp"): {\displaystyle (\grp,''H'' -\Re_{\grp}, Aut(\grp)} ), where Failed to parse (unknown function "\grp"): {\displaystyle \grp} is a locally compact quantum groupoid , H -Failed to parse (unknown function "\grp"): {\displaystyle \Re_{\grp}} are the unitary (GNS) representations of Failed to parse (unknown function "\grp"): {\displaystyle \grp} on rigged Hilbert spaces Failed to parse (unknown function "\grp"): {\displaystyle \Re_\grp} of quantum states and quantum operators on Hilbert spaces H , and Failed to parse (unknown function "\grp"): {\displaystyle Aut(\grp)} is the transformation, or automorphism, groupoid of quantum transitions.
Note: Quantum nano-automata possess intrinsic, extended quantum symmetries defined by quantum groupoid or quantum algebroid representations
# PlanetPhysics/Quantum Hamiltonian Operator

Definition 0.1 The Hamiltonian operator H introduced in quantum mechanics by Schr\"odinger (and thus sometimes also called the Schr\"odinger operator ) on the Hilbert space Failed to parse (unknown function "\Rset"): {\displaystyle L^2(\Rset^n)} is given by the action:
   Failed to parse (unknown function "\Rset"): {\displaystyle \psi \mapsto [-\nabla^2 +V(x)]\psi, \quad\psi\in L^2(\Rset^n), }
The operator defined above $[-\nabla ^{2}+V(x)]$ , for a potential function $V(x)$ specified as the real-valued function Failed to parse (unknown function "\Rset"): {\displaystyle V\colon \Rset^n \to \Rset} is called the Hamiltonian operator , H , and only very rarely the Schr\"odinger operator . The energy conservation (quantum) law written with the operator H as the Schr\"odinger equation is fundamental in quantum mechanics and is perhaps the most utilized, mathematical computation device in quantum mechanics of systems with a finite number of degrees of freedom. There is also, however, the alternative approach in the Heisenberg picture, or formulation, in which the observable and other operators are time-dependent whereas the state vectors $\psi$ are time-independent, which reverses the time dependences betwen operators and state vectors from the more popular Schr\"odinger formulation. Other formulations of quantum theories occur in quantum field theories (QFT), such as QED (quantum electrodynamics) and QCD (quantum chromodynamics).
Although the two formulations, or pictures, are unitarily (or mathematically) equivalent, however, sometimes the claim is made that the Heisenberg picture is "more natural and fundamental than the Schr\"odinger" formulation because the Lorentz invariance from general relativity is also encountered in the Heisenberg picture, and also because there is a `correspondence' between the commutator of an observable operator with the Hamiltonian operator, and the Poisson bracket formulation of classical mechanics. If the state vector $\psi$, or $\left|\psi \right\rangle$ does not change with time as in the Heisenberg picture, then the `equation of motion' of a (quantum) observable operator is :
   ${\frac {d}{dt}}A_{quantum}=(i\hbar )^{-1}[A,H]+\left({\frac {\partial A}{\partial t}}\right)_{classical}$
# PlanetPhysics/Quantum Logic Topoi

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## Quantum logic topoi

A \htmladdnormallink{quantum logic {http://planetphysics.us/encyclopedia/TheoryOfHilbertLattices.html} topos} (QLT ) is defined as an extension of the concept of topos in which the Heyting logic algebra (or subobject classifier) of the standard elementary topos is replaced by a quantum logic which is axiomatically defined by \htmladdnormallink{non-commutative {http://planetphysics.us/encyclopedia/AbelianCategory3.html} and non-distributive} lattice structures.

### Remark

Quantum logic topoi are thus generalizations of the Birkhoff and von Neumann definition of quantum state spaces based on their definition of a quantum logic (lattice), as well as a non-Abelian, higher dimensional extension of the recently proposed concept of a 'quantum' topos which employs the (commutative ) Heyting logic algebra as a subobject classifier.
Some specific examples are considered in the following two recent references.
# Peace studies/Peace in Christianity

This learning project is brought to you by the Division of Peace Studies. When contributing to this learning project, please adhere to the Peace Studies learning project guidlines and the Peace Studies learning project template.

## Aims and Objectives

* To understand and critically engage with a varity of Christian approaches to peace and war.
* To appreciate the traditional non-violence and pacifism of Christianity before the elicitation of just war theory.
* To outline an understanding of Christ as a non-violent activist.
* To read and engage with primary and secondary sources.

## Learning Materials

* Including links to learning materials in wikiversity, wikipedia, and on the internet.
Christianity Today - A good tool for evaluating what the Christian community believes today.

## Reading List

Ideally, readings should be available on the internet, and the links made available. Give a brief summary of each reading, and possibly some questions with which to address the text. Readings that are unavailable on the internet should be referenced in the following way:
* Author, A., Title of Book (Location: Publisher, Year of Publication).

## Assignments

* Edit and improve this learning project.
# Peace studies/Peace in Hinduism

This learning project is brought to you by the Division of Peace Studies. When contributing to this learning project, please adhere to the Peace Studies learning project guidlines and the Peace Studies learning project template.

## Learning Materials

* Including links to learning materials in wikiversity, wikipedia, and on the internet.
Hinduism Today - A great tool for evaluating the beliefs of Hindus today.

## Reading List

Ideally, readings should be available on the internet, and the links made available. Give a brief summary of each reading, and possibly some questions with which to address the text. Readings that are unavailable on the internet should be referenced in the following way:
* Author, A., Title of Book (Location: Publisher, Year of Publication).

## Assignments

* Edit and improve this learning project.
# Peace studies/Islamic fundamentalism

This learning project is brought to you by the Division of Peace Studies. When contributing to this learning project, please adhere to the Peace Studies learning project guidlines and the Peace Studies learning project template.

## Learning Materials

* Including links to learning materials in wikiversity, wikipedia, and on the internet.

## Reading List

Ideally, readings should be available on the internet, and the links made available. Give a brief summary of each reading, and possibly some questions with which to address the text. Readings that are unavailable on the internet should be referenced in the following way:
* Author, A., Title of Book (Location: Publisher, Year of Publication).

## Assignments

* Edit and improve this learning project.
# Peace psychology

This psychology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
# Peace studies
## Peace in the World Religions

* Peace in the Baha'i Faith
* Peace in Buddhism
* Peace in Christianity
* Peace in Hinduism
* Peace in Islam
* Peace in Judaism
* Peace in Sikhism
* The Concept of Shalom

#### Fundamentalisms

* Religious terrorism
* Christian fundamentalism
* Islamic fundamentalism
* Modernity and fundamentalism

## Learning Projects Available in Other Departments

* Introduction to Myth

## International Law

* Public International Law

## Discussion questions

* What political policies can help to promote peace on Earth?
# Peace studies/Peace in Buddhism

This learning project is brought to you by the Division of Peace Studies. When contributing to this learning project, please adhere to the Peace Studies learning project guidlines and the Peace Studies learning project template.

## Learning Materials

* Including links to learning materials in wikiversity, wikipedia, and on the internet.
List of Buddhist Centered Magazines
Dharma Life - A resource for finding information about the continued melding of Buddhism and modern life.

## Reading List

Ideally, readings should be available on the internet, and the links made available. Give a brief summary of each reading, and possibly some questions with which to address the text. Readings that are unavailable on the internet should be referenced in the following way:
* Author, A., Title of Book (Location: Publisher, Year of Publication).

## Assignments

* Edit and improve this learning project.