OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Educational Content Sink

In the context of Open Educational Resouces, a content sink is a storage environment designed to receive incoming content from another content sources. This is commonly implemented with a format converter tool, so that the content sink is able to import content from different sources and in different formats. Onc e the content is available in the content sink the available resource can be converted to other formats that might be needed by users. Open Educational Resources cannot not designed to be applicable for all requirements ands constraints (e.g. in different cultural and social requirements of communities in developing countries). So the content itself must be adapted/tailored to local or regional requirements and constraints. E.g. teachers want to use a certain educational content in an Open Document Format, such as LibreOffice ODT Format or as MarkDown Format in KnitR. PanDoc and as a basis for publishing workflows. It was originally created by MacFarlane, a philosophy professor at the University of California, Berkeley. by John MacFarlane has built-in support for multiple format by allowing wikimedia document format to be converted to large number of output format.
Due to lack of formal definition of "Wikiversity" as a Educational Content Sink (ECS) Wikiversity can serve as either an end-point of storage and it allows in conjunction with PanDoc a bi-direction conversion
* between formats,
* between office products and
* between operating systems
The word sink has been used for both input and output in the industry.
Educational content sink (ECS) is proposed to save editing and adaption efforts for application of the open content in different learning environments.

## Learning Task

* Use the online interface of PanDoc.
** copy the source of a Wikipedia article of your choice into the input box.
** and select the output format of your choice and press "convert".
* Describe a workflow, how educational resouces and publications can be converted for different use-cases, provide arguments why process of converting into an other format is necessary, and how can users avoid a conversion, if possible!
* Explore Wiki2Reveal and analyse how you can generate a webbased presentation directly from a Wikiversity Page.
* Explore the WikiBook-Creator and explain how tailored books can generated in 15min, that fit to your personal requirements, constraints, learning objectives or your profile in general.
# Educational Assessment

Educational assessment or educational evaluation is the systematic process of documenting and using empirical data on the knowledge, skill, attitudes, and beliefs to refine programs and improve student learning. Assessment can focus on the individual learner, the learning community (class, workshop, or other organized group of learners), a course, an academic program, the institution, or the educational system as a whole.

## Resources

* Activities, assignments and assessment
* Principles of Good Practice for Assessing Student Learning

## See Also

* Wikipedia: Educational assessment
* American Association of Colleges and Universities: VALUE Rubrics
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Art

* Welcome
* Welcome to the Art section of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign. From this page you can use the gallery box to access all the featured media for this subject. The gallery will guide you through the collection - just keep clicking "next" or "back". This page also shows the today's current feature from this section. A particular media item is dynamically selected each day to feature on pages related to this subject. At the side of this page there is also an administrative panel which helps maintain and extend this collection.
Art Picture of the Day
The Bayeux Tapestry
A detailed from the Bayeux Tapestry, showing William of Normandy. In general, paintings prior to the 20th century are in the public domain due to expiration of copyright, which means you can use images of them freely in educational materials. For works of art created in the 20th century, normally you cannot reuse any copies. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Bayeux Tapestry - Medieval tapestry - Romanesque art - Art in general This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :
* Administration
* Page that controls the rotation.
* Art Picture of the Day
* Template that controls the navigation.
* Navigation for art pictures of the day
* Meta-templates for the picture of the day.
* Overall meta-template
* Box title
* Usage text
* "About" text
* Templates for this page.
* Welcome text
* Administration box
* To edit individual media pages within this section of the project, use the gallery to access the original page.
Explore this project by subject
Back
Project home
· Mathematics
· English
· Biology
· Chemistry
· Game design
· Physics
· Geography
· History
· Languages
· Information technology
· Art
· Sports
· Music
Next :
# Educational Media Awareness Campaign/Art/POTD 1

Gallery of featured media for art
Back
Home
· Picture 1
· Picture 2
· Picture 3
· Picture 4
· Picture 5
· Picture 6
· Picture 7
· Picture 8
· Picture 9
· Picture 10
· Picture 11
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Next :
Art Picture of the Day
The Last Supper
The Last Supper, by Leonardo da Vinci (painted 1495-1498). In general, paintings prior to the 20th century are in the public domain due to expiration of copyright, which means you can use images of them freely in educational materials. For works of art created in the 20th century, normally you cannot reuse any copies. Click on the image for a full size version which you can freely re-use and modify. Print it and use it for your lessons, integrate it into your pages on Wikiversity, or use it in other learning resources and websites. Use the links below to find more images like this one.
Paintings by Leonardo da Vinci - Renaissance paintings - All paintings This image is a part of the Educational Media Awareness Campaign, raising awareness among educators about the availability and usage of millions of free internet media in education. :
# Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2017/Fall/Section 26

This project is associated with English 105i.026 at the University of North Carolina.

## Project

Using the archives at the University of North Carolina's Wilson Library, students examined the life of one individual profiled by the Federal Writers' Project. These individuals ranged from farmers to fisherman to thieves and well beyond. Using FWP interviews,students not only documented the life of these individuals, but also examined the social, political, and cultural contexts surrounding each individual's life during the Great Depression. Below are the links to the student projects.

## Life Histories

Special:Prefixindex/Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2017/Fall/Section 26/
# Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2017/Fall

Two English 105i classes for the social sciences have looked at the lives of southerners during the Great Depression. Partnering with the Documenting the American South Project, students have published individuals' life histories during the depression. Classes have engaged in archival research with material from the Southern Historical Collection at UNC’s Louis Round Wilson Library.

## Project

Using the archives at the University of North Carolina's Wilson Library, students examined the life of one individual profiled by the Federal Writers' Project. These individuals ranged from farmers to fisherman to thieves and well beyond. Using FWP interviews,students not only documented the life of these individuals, but also examined the social, political, and cultural contexts surrounding each individual's life during the Great Depression. Below are the links to the student projects.

## Sections

English 105.026

## Additional Resources

Federal Writer's Project, 1936-1940 at UNC's Wilson Library
# English-Chinese/Indian Ocean

The Indian Ocean is the third largest of the world's oceanic divisions, covering 70,560,000 km2 (27,240,000 sq mi) (approximately 20% of the water on the Earth's surface). It is bounded by Asia on the north, on the west by Africa, on the east by Australia, and on the south by the Southern Ocean. It is named after India.
印度洋是世界上第三大海洋分区，面积为70,560,000平方公里（27,240,000平方英里）（约占地球表面水面的20％）。北部以亚洲为界，西部以非洲为界，东部以澳大利亚为界，南部以南大洋为界。它以印度命名。
# English-Chinese/Industrial modernization is based on the latest technology in the world

Industrial modernization is based on the latest technology in the world, and industrial production and production technology has entered the world's advanced level. Industrial modernization is a historical concept. As science and technology advance, its content is constantly updated.
工业 现代化 建立 在 世界 最新 技术 的 基础 上，工业 生产 和 生产 技术 已 进入 世界 先进 水平。 工业 现代化 是 一个 历史 概念。 随着 科学 技术 的 进步，其 内容 不断 更新。
# English-Chinese/Inflammation can be divided into acute or chronic

Inflammation can be divided into acute or chronic.
炎症可分为急性或慢性。
# English-Chinese/Indochina

Indochina is a geographical term originating in the early nineteenth century and referring to the continental portion of Southeast Asia.
中南半岛 是 一个 地理 术语，起源 于 十九世纪初，指的是 东南亚 的 大陆 部分。
# English-Chinese/Inflammation

Inflammation is part of the complex biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants, and is a protective response involving immune cells, blood vessels, and molecular mediators. The function of inflammation is to eliminate the initial cause of cell injury, clear out necrotic cells and tissues damaged from the original insult and the inflammatory process, and initiate tissue repair.
炎症 是 身体组织 对 诸如 病原体，受损 细胞 或 刺激物 等 有害 刺激物的 复杂 生物反应的 一部分，并且 是 涉及 免疫细胞，血管 和 分子介质的 保护性 反应。炎症的 功能 是 消除 初步 引起的 细胞 损伤，清除 原始 损伤 和 炎症 过程中 受损的 坏死 细胞 和 组织，并 触发 组织 修复。

## Acute inflammation of the lung does not cause pain

Acute inflammation of the lung (usually caused in response to pneumonia) does not cause pain unless the inflammation involves the parietal pleura, which does have pain-sensitive nerve endings.
肺的急性炎症（通常由肺炎引起）不会引起疼痛，除非炎症涉及具有疼痛敏感神经末梢的壁层胸膜。

## Chronic inflammation causes muscle loss

Chronic inflammation is considered to be one of the causes of muscle loss caused by aging.
慢性炎症 被认为 是 由 衰老 引起的 肌肉损失的 原因 之一。

## Chronic inflammation harms the body

Chronic inflammation, leads to a change in the cells present at the site of inflammation, such as mononuclear cells, and is characterized by simultaneous destruction and healing of the tissue from the inflammatory process.
慢性炎症导致炎症部位存在的细胞（例如单核细胞）发生变化，其特征在于炎症过程中组织的同时破坏和愈合。

## Regular exercise can reduce inflammation, but excessive exercise can also cause inflammation

Regular exercise can reduce inflammation, but excessive exercise can also cause inflammation.
经常运动 可以 减轻 炎症，但 过度运动 也会 引起 炎症。

## Too much inflammation can cause cancers and other diseases

Too much inflammation can cause cancers and other diseases. Eating cauliflower can reduce inflammation.
发炎过多会导致癌症和其他疾病。 吃花椰菜可以减少发炎。
# English-Chinese/In wild wheat, the wheat grains can not be attached firmly on the plant during harvesting

In wild wheat, the wheat grains can not be attached firmly on the plant during harvesting.
在野生小麦中，小麦籽粒在收获期间不能牢固地附着在植物上。
# English-Chinese/Indirectly, an increased BMI due to a sedentary lifestyle can lead to decreased productivity and increased absenteeism from necessary activities like work

Indirectly, an increased BMI due to a sedentary lifestyle can lead to decreased productivity and increased absenteeism from necessary activities like work.
间接地，由于久坐的生活方式导致的BMI增加可能导致生产力下降和工作等必要活动的缺勤率增加。
# English-Chinese/Indonesia

Indonesia is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania. It is part of the Malay Islands. It has 18,108 islands. People live on about 6,000 islands of these islands. The most important islands in Indonesia are Java, Bali, Borneo, Sulawesi and Sumatra. The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta in Java.
Indonesia 是 东南亚 和 大洋洲 的 一个 国家。 它 是 Malay 群岛 的 一部分。 它 有 18,108 个 岛屿。 人们 居住 在 这些 岛屿 的 大约 6,000 个 岛屿 上。 Indonesia 最 重要 的 岛屿 是 Java，Bali，Borneo，Sulawesi 和 Sumatra。 Indonesia 的 首都 是 在 Java 的 Jakarta。
# English-Chinese/Industrial modernization goes through three stages

In the history of human development, industrial modernization generally goes through three stages: the modernization of the steam age, the modernization of the electrical age, and the modernization of the atomic energy era.
在人类发展史上，工业现代化通常经历三个阶段：蒸汽时代的现代化，电气时代的现代化以及原子能时代的现代化。
# English-Chinese/Infection

Infection is the invasion of an organism's body tissues by disease-causing agents. The disease is caused by the invading agents multiplying. As they multiply, they produce toxins and damage host tissues. Infectious disease is illness resulting from an infection.
感染 是 致病因子 侵入 生物体的 组织。这种 疾病 是 由 入侵因子 繁殖 引起的。随着 它们的 繁殖，它们 会 产生 毒素 并 破坏 宿主组织。传染病 是 由 感染 引起的 疾病。
# English-Chinese/Culture

Culture is a word for people's 'way of life', meaning the way groups do things. Different groups of people may have different cultures. A culture is passed on to the next generation by learning, whereas genetics are passed on by heredity. Culture is seen in people's writing, religion, music, clothes, cooking, and in what they do.
文化 是 人们 “生活方式”的 一个 词，也就是 群体 做事的 方式。不同的 人群 可能 有 不同的 文化。文化 通过 学习 传给 下一代，而 遗传 则 通过 基因 传给 下一代。文化 可以 在 人们的 写作，宗教，音乐，衣服，烹饪 以及 他们 所做的 事情中 看到。
# English-Chinese/Curry powder is a spice mix originating from the Indian subcontinent

Curry powder is a spice mix originating from the Indian subcontinent.
咖喱粉是源自印度次大陆的香料混合物。
# English-Chinese/Curry

Curry (plural curries) is a variety of dishes originating in the Indian subcontinent that use a complex combination of spices or herbs, usually including ground turmeric, cumin, coriander, ginger, and fresh or dried chilies.
咖喱是源自印度次大陆的各种菜肴，使用香料或草药的复杂组合，通常包括磨碎的姜黄，小茴香，香菜，姜和新鲜或干辣椒。
# English-Chinese/Curry is a kind of dish

Curry is a kind of dish originated from the south of Asia that uses a complex mixture of spices, usually including yellow ginger, cumin, coriander, ginger and chilli.
咖喱是一种源自亚洲南部的菜肴，使用复杂的香料混合物，通常包括黄姜，茴香，芫荽，姜和辣椒。
# English-Chinese/Cut or cooked fruits and vegetables should be refrigerated within two hours

All cut, peeled, or cooked fruits and vegetables should be refrigerated within two hours. After a certain time, harmful bacteria may grow on them and increase the risk of foodborne illness.
所有切好的，去皮的或煮熟的水果和蔬菜应在两小时内冷藏。 一段时间后，有害细菌可能会在其上生长，增加食源性疾病的风险。
# English-Chinese/Cyclic compound

In chemistry a cyclic compound is a molecule where some atoms are linked together forming a loop or ring. Most of the time, these molecules are organic. There are also many examples of inorganic molecule forming rings.
在 化学中，环状化合物 是 一些 分子，其中 一些 原子 连接 在一起 形成 环。大多数时候，这些 分子 都是 有机的。还有 许多 无机分子 形成 环的 例子。
# English-Chinese/Daily exercise and healthy diet

A healthy lifestyle includes daily exercise and a healthy diet. It can reduce the risk of obesity, heart disease, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and cancer.
健康的生活方式包括日常锻炼和健康饮食。 它可以降低肥胖，心脏病，2型糖尿病，高血压和癌症的风险。
# English-Chinese/Cuneiform

Cuneiform script is one of the earliest known systems of writing. It used wedge-shaped marks on clay tablets, made by a reed stylus.
楔形文字 是 最早的 已知 文字系统 之一。它是 用 芦苇笔 把 楔形标记 刻于 粘土板上 而成。
# English-Chinese/Cyber high school

Cyber high school is a high school on the internet. It teaches students over the Internet. It means that a high school student has the option of receiving their education at home.
网络高中是互联网上的高中。 它通过互联网教学生。 这意味着高中生可以选择在家接受教育。
# English-Chinese/DNA

DNA, short for deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that contains the genetic code of organisms. This includes animals, plants, protists, archaea and bacteria.
DNA 是 脱氧核糖核酸的 缩写，是 含有 生物遗传密码的 分子。这 包括 动物，植物，原生生物，古细菌 和 细菌。
# Electrical Engineering/Quick Reference
## Basics

* Voltage: (V or v - Volts) The electrical potential between two points in a circuit.
* Current: (I or i - Amperes) The amount of charge flowing through a part of a circuit.
* Power: (W - Watts) Simply P = IV. It is the current times the voltage.
* Source: A voltage or current source is the supplier for the circuit.
* Resistor: (R measured in Ω - Ohms) A circuit element that "constricts" current flow.
Ohms law $V=IR$ or equivalently $I={\frac {V}{R}}$ or $R={\frac {V}{I}}$
Resistors in series $R=R1+R2$
Voltage Divider $V_{1}={\frac {R_{1}}{R_{1}+R_{2}}}*V_{s}$
Resistors in Parallel $R_{eq}={\frac {1}{{\frac {1}{R_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{R_{2}}}+...+{\frac {1}{R_{n}}}}}$
and for the special case of two resistors in parallel: $R_{eq}={\frac {R_{1}R_{2}}{R_{1}+R_{2}}}$
Kirchhoff’s Voltage law: The algebraic sum of the voltages around a closed circuit path must be zero.
Kirchhoff’s Current Law: The sum of the currents entering a particular point must be zero.

## Capacitors

Capacitors in an AC circuit: $I=C{\frac {dV}{dt}}=-\omega {C}{V_{\text{0}}}\sin(\omega t)$
In parallel: $C_{\mathrm {eq} }=\sum _{i}C_{i}=C_{1}+C_{2}+\cdots +C_{n}$
In series ${\frac {1}{C_{\mathrm {eq} }}}=\sum _{i}{\frac {1}{C_{i}}}={\frac {1}{C_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{C_{2}}}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{C_{n}}}$

## Inductors

Inductors in an AC circuit: $v(t)=L{\frac {di(t)}{dt}}$
In parallel: ${\frac {1}{L_{\mathrm {eq} }}}={\frac {1}{L_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{L_{2}}}+\cdots +{\frac {1}{L_{n}}}$
In series: $L_{\mathrm {eq} }=L_{1}+L_{2}+\cdots +L_{n}\,\!$

## Ampere’s Force Law

Special case: Two straight parallel wires ${\frac {F_{m}}{L}}=2k_{\rm {A}}{\frac {I_{1}I_{2}}{r}}$
# Electrical Engineering Fundamentals/Current Sources

An independent current source has a constant current that is completely independent of the voltage across the source. Like the independent voltage source the current source is at best a reasonable approximation for a physical element. It is a common mistake that students think the voltage across a current source is zero and that is false. There is a voltage across current sources. This voltage is, for an ideal current source, always equal to, the current output (amperes) times the load resistance (ohms).
# Electrical Engineering Fundamentals/Voltage Sources

A voltage source provides a potential difference.
There are several types of voltage sources. The most common ones are direct current (DC) and alternating current (AC) .
A DC voltage source has constant voltage across its terminals. Examples of DC voltage sources are batteries and solar cells.
An AC voltage source has a voltage across its output the shape of sine wave with constant amplitude:
    $V(t)=V_{p}\sin(\omega t+\delta )\,$
where
    $V(t)\,$ is the voltage at time $t$
    $V_{p}\,$ is the peak voltage
    $\omega \,$ is the angular frequency
    $t\,$ is the time
    $\delta \,$ is some phase, which is often set to zero at $t=0\,$
An example of an AC voltage source is the AC generator.
# Electrical Engineering Fundamentals
## A Bridge to Circuit Analysis

* Lecture 1: Basics of Electricity
* Lecture 2: Voltage Sources
* Lecture 3: Current Sources
* Lecture 4: Resistance
* Lecture 5: Capacitance
* Lecture 6: Induction
* Lecture 7: Impedance
Return:School:Electrical engineering
# Electrical Engineering Orientation/Algebra and Precalculus

| Important Notes & Instructions on Answering the questions This Aptitude test is on Algebra and Pre-Calculus. Select the most correct answer of the four possible answers to each question. Use of calculator allowed. Perhaps it would help you to workout all your answers on a piece of paper, then attempt the questionaire. | Lessons in Electric Engineering Orientation Lesson #1: Introduction to Electrical Engineering Lesson #2: Introduction to Electronic Engineering Quiz Test 1: Algebra and pre-calculus Quiz Test 2: Geometry and data representation Quiz Test 3: Physics Science laws Quiz Test 4: chemical Science Processes Entrance Courses: Introduction to Engineering Math- MATH 090 comming soon! |
Mathematics Aptitude test2: Questionaire
1
If $f(x)$ is a polynomial of the third degree of x and $f(a)=0$, then ...
(A) $f(x)=0$.
(B) a is a root of $f(x)$.
(C) a is negative.
(D) a is positive.
2
In the following equation $f(x)=ax^{2}+bx+c$, ${\mathcal {4}}$ is called a discriminant. If ${\mathcal {4}}\geq 0$ then ...
(A) Roots are real and equal.
(B) Roots are real and unequal.
(C) Roots are real.
(D) None of the above.
3
Which of the following graphs represents $f(x)=x^{2}-4$ ?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
4
By exponential laws the following expression $2^{x-2}3^{x-2}$ can be simplified to which of the following expressions?
(A) ${\frac {2^{x}}{2^{2}}}.$${\frac {3^{x}}{3^{2}}}$$={\frac {(2\times 3)^{x}}{(2\times 3)^{2}}}$
(B) $2^{x}.3^{x}+2^{2}.3^{2}=$$(2\times 3)^{x}+(2\times 3)^{4}$
(C) ${\frac {2^{x-2}}{3^{x+2}}}=2^{x-2}-3^{x+2}$
(D) None of the above.
5
$x_{1,2}={\frac {-b\pm {\sqrt {b^{2}-4ac}}}{2a}}$ is generally known as ...
(A) Phythagorus theorem.
(B) Quadratic formula.
(C) Trigonometric Identity.
(D) Gas equation.
6
The 1st term of an arithmetic sequence is 2 and the 15th term is 32. what is the middle term?
(A) ${\frac {2+32}{15}}=2.267$
(B) 12
(C) ${\frac {2+32}{2}}=17$
(D) None of the above
7
The first derivative of the function $f(x)=6x^{2}-3x-1$ is ...
(A) ${\frac {df}{dx}}=12x-3$
(B) ${\frac {{d^{2}}f}{dx^{2}}}=12x$
(C) ${\frac {{d^{2}}f}{dx^{2}}}=0$
(D) $f(x)=6x^{2}-3x$
8
What is a local maximum of the following polynomial $A=2t^{3}-3t^{2}+t$ is ...
(A) 3
(B) 1
(C) 6
(D) ${\frac {1}{3}}$
(E) None of the above
9
Which of the following diagrams is the correct sketch representation of the following constraints:
$15x+6y\leq 3000$
$5x+4y\leq 1300$
$x+2y\leq 500$
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
10
If the profit made made from selling X and Y is $P=200x+5000y$ then using feasible region selected from Q9 the maximum profit will be ...
(A) $P=200(150)+5000(150)$.
(B) $P=200(200)+5000(200)$.
(C) $P=200(160)+5000(325)$.
(D) None of the above. :
| next lesson | main menu |
# Electrical Engineering Orientation

Welcome to the Electrical/Electronics Engineering Orientation course (EE-PRE). You are probably very keen to kick-start your career in becoming an Electrical/Electronics Engineer. In that case, you have chosen to start at the right place—orientation! This course is here to help you evaluate yourself in preparation to entering the most important field in industry... Engineering.

## The Aptitude Test Background

The aptitude tests in this course are not meant to select or classify the best or most talented prospective students, but simply to guide such in self-evaluation in your preparation to undertake Engineering studies, and your maturity and potential to grasp first-year Engineering course content. Engineering studies like the Engineering profession are very demanding, hence the need for students to be properly orientated and prepared for such challenges.

## Prerequisites

This course assumes that students have passed their senior secondary/high school and have required courses or equivalent courses for admission into any university or college of Engineering. The following high school courses are recommended:
* Mathematics
* Physics
* Chemistry
* English/equivalent language of instruction
* Any Technical Drawing or equivalent

## Study Aids

The following pointers will help you in assessing yourself more efficiently. Be honest and you will get more out of this course!
* Use of calculators is not allowed unless stated
* Formula sheets are not encouraged

## Engineering Aptitude Tests

* Algebra and Precalculus
* Geometry and Data Representation
* Physics Science Laws
* Chemical Science Processes

## See Also

* Electricity