OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# University of Florida/Egm4313/s12.team7/Report7
## Contributing Members

Team Contribution Table :
| Problem Number | Solved and Typed By | Proofread By |
| 2.1 | Maxwell Shuman | name |
| 2.2 | Dalwin Marrero | name |
| 2.3 | Jennifer Melroy | name |
| 2.4 | Dalwin Marrero | name |
| 2.5 | Jennifer Melroy | name |
| 2.6 | Yamil Herrera | name |
| 2.7 | Avery Cornell | name |
| 2.8 | Yamil Herrera | name |
| 2.9 | Ron D'Amico | name |
# Nilpotent endomorphism/Minimal polynomial/Fact/Proof

The equivalence of (1) and (2) follows immediately from the definition, the equivalence of (2) and (3) follows from fact.
# Adjacency matrix

Every graph with labeled knots has an adjacency matrix, and every binary square matrix can be interpreted as the adjacency matrix of a graph.
* Undirected octeract graph
* Lattice of subgroups of Z$_2$$^3$
* See here

## Cayley graphs of S$_4$

* Nauru graph
* Permutohedron graph
# Adobe Flash
## Short Introduction

Adobe Flash is a 2D animation program, which uses vector graphics. It is considered as one of the best private animation tools, and one of the few which is not based to be used within animation studios. It was originally developed by Macromedia, but was recently bought by Adobe.

## Tools

Before explaining animation, we will explain the tools:
Selection Tool:
This is the selection tool. It is used for selecting objects, or portions of one. When selecting a brushed area it will only select the same color of brushed area which is connected to the original selected area, lines will also confine a selected area. You can also move things with this tool.
Subselection Tool:
This is the subselection tool, it is used for selecting points in the vector graphic. When you mark something with this tool, you will highlight possible selection points. By selecting these points you can drag them to another position, when you do this the lines between the two nearest points on each side follow. However unlike the selection tool this shows all outer lines of an object instead of the filling.
Free Transform Tool:
This is the free transform tool. It is basically the same as the selection tool, however it can stretch, enlarge/shrink, and change the center of the selected object.
Gradient Transform Tool:
This is the gradient transform tool, with this you can change the angles and length of gradient filling. You can also move selected filling with it.
Line Tool:
The line tool is used to draw straight marks from one point to another. Using the Selection Tool, you can bend lines after they are created, to get a curve effect.
Lasso Tool:
Like the Selection tool, the Lasso tool allows you to select certain objects. Rather than drawing a square marqueé over the objects, the Lasso tool lets you draw an outline of what you want to select by dragging your mouse around the object, creating whatever shape is drawn. Whatever is inside the shape will be selected.
Text Tool:
The text tool will let you put text directly into the Stage. The color can be changed, and whatever fonts you have on your computer will be available to use.
Oval Tool:
The oval tool can be used to draw an oval or circle. Like the rectangle tool, hɛolding SHIFT while drawing will make the oval a perfect circle.
Rectangle Tool/Polystar Tool:
The rectangle tool is used to create simple four sided polygons. Additionally, one can use the line tool and the fill tool to draw the shape, but it is not recommended. The Polystar tool (click and hold the rectangle tool button to receive a drop-down menu, where you can select Polystar) can be used to create polygons (the number of sides can be adjusted in Options in the Properties tab) and stars (the number of points can be adjusted as well in Options in the Properties tab).

## See Also

* Adobe Dreamweaver
* Adobe Illustrator
* Adobe InDesign
* Adobe Photoshop
# Addiction

"Addiction is the physical and mental state of dependence on a substance or stimulus, to the point where withdrawal symptoms occur whenever the substance is not present in the body."
Addiction is defined as a chronic, relapsing brain disease that is characterized by compulsive behavior even in the presence of harmful consequences. The term addiction can be used in many ways, by some it is used to indicate only a neurological dependence on particular chemicals such as drugs. Addiction can also be described as dependence on various behaviors. It is only fairly recently that addiction has been studied scientifically. Addiction is a very powerful motivator that will often lead people to take actions despite harmful consequences.

## Symptoms

There are a couple of symptoms following addiction, such as the inability to limit the use of a substance or activity beyond need. The addicted user is forced to increase either the dosage of the substance or time spent engaging in the addictive activity, indicating that more is needed to provide the desired effect (known as tolerance). Failing to fulfill the desire often produces symptoms of withdrawal, such as irritability, anxiety, shakes, nausea. The symptoms can move past the physical and into the psychological. While addiction in itself is partly a psychological disease, continued use can further promote feelings of shame, guilt, anxiety or depression, just to name a few. Symptoms can vary depending on the substance or activity that is used.

## Disease model

Addiction is a disease. Progressive and incurable. Diagnosis is difficult and treatment limited.

## See Also

* Alcoholism
* Smoking
* Dopamine
* Wikipedia: Addiction
# Adjugate matrix and Cramer's rule/Introduction/Section
## Definition

Adjugate matrix/Definition
Note that in this definition, for the entries of the adjugate, the rows and the columns are swapped.

## Theorem
### Proof

$\Box$
The following statement is called Cramer's rule.

## Theorem
### Proof

$\Box$
# Adaptive information systems architecture

The adaptive information systems(AIS) architecture efforts are a subset of the IS architecture efforts.
The aim of begin adaptive is to allow an enterprise architecture (EA) to be resilient to the changing environments surrounding and electronic based organization.
First of all, the EA may encompasse the following layers:
   * strategic architecture
   * business processes architecture
   * information architecture
   * aplication architecture
   * technological architecture
Each layer offers different tools to achieve adaptiveness. Some examples mechanisms regarding adaptiveness are:
* generalization
* specialization
* reuse
* consistency
* correctness
* modularity
* formalization
* extensibility
* rastreability
A methodological approach to clear understand the structure and dynamics of AIS comprises:
AIS qualities identification (based in software engineering approaches)
AIS qualities evaluation (based in software engineering approaches)
AIS design (based in best-practices from industry and academy)
AIS controllability
Application fields examples that take benefit from AIS:
* project management - reusing the former IS architecture for other projects
* software industry - specializing the software whenever new requirements are launched
--Slguerreiro 11:27, 31 July 2009 (UTC)
* ↑ Roger Pressman
* ↑ Roger Pressman
# Address

Address may refer to:
* Computer Networks - Concepts - Addressing
* Internet Protocol Analysis - Address Assignment
* Modeling - Concepts - Address
# Addressing Harassment Online

Addressing Harassment Online is a short course providing an introduction to online harassment and support for volunteers. Its goal is to build empathetic practices to respond to on-wiki harassment.

## Target Audience

    The course aims to be most useful for people who are interested in identifying and addressing harassment in a way that support those targeted by online harassment by practicing empathy. This includes administrators, functionaries and volunteers with advanced user rights.
# Assessment in Early Childhood

Competencies:
* explain why observation is an important tool in guidance, classroom management and curriculum development
* apply techniques of objective observation
* describe various observational procedures and their effect on children’s development and learning
Reading List:
* Wikibook: Early Childhood Assessment. In this source, focus on the definitions of the sub-categories in assessment
* Educational Assessment. In this source, look for the difference between reliability and validity in assessment
* Video: Observing Young Children Watch for the various purposes of observation and assessment in an early childhood environment
Activity:
* Now that you've read about assessment and young children, let's practice. Using this video VIDEO, write 5 detailed, objective, and informative anecdotals notes. Share these on Blackboard discussion board #5.
* Read the anecdotal notes from your classmates. Identify the following:
** A note that is very clear and objective
** A note that does an excellent job of showcasing a child's development in literacy/language
** A note that does an excellent job of showcasing a child's development in social/emotional development
# Assistant teacher course/Assistant teacher training/handout/Assistant teacher exercises 1

Teacher At The Rise Academy Laboratory In charge at UOG
# Asset-Based Community Development

This Sociology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
For now see Asset-Based Community Development (ABCD; Wikipedia) and Kretzmann & McKnight.
# Assessment of Sport Coaching

Assessing the effectiveness of sport coaching techniques is essential to enhance communication between athletes and their coaches. Assessment of Sport Coaching provides an in-depth understanding of the coach evaluation process using an evidence-based approach. Sport coaching will be examined using reflective and analytical skills to improve performance. The importance of feedback / feed-forward to improving coaching performance will be discussed with reference to appropriate methods to receive such information. The use of video analysis of coaching behaviours as well as implementing a coach mentoring program will be explored along with methods of coach goal-setting and self-reflection. Athlete learning styles are then considered with respect to the coach as an effective presenter and facilitator. Finally, the role of a head coach as a member of a high performance athlete support team is explored along with the other members of a high performance structure (e.g. high performance manager, assistant coaches, administrators and development officers). Assessment of Sport Coaching provides an individualised development program appropriate for coaches in a high performance setting.

## Key Outcomes

* Demonstrated ability to research and present current evidence-based information relevant to sport coaching
* Demonstrated proficiency in assessing coaching performance including self-evaluation
* Demonstrated ability to provide meaningful feedback to coaches through a mentoring program

## Topics

* Purpose of assessment in sport coaching
* Appropriate coach assessment techniques and the role of video analysis
* Providing feedback to coaches through effective communication
* Developing a coach assessment tool and using a team to provide feedback
* Review coaching performance and the provision of information
* Mentoring strategies to improve sport coaching performance
* Setting goals as a sport coach
* Mentor-coach communication
* Coach self-reflection
* Effective coaching techniques including the coach as a presenter
* Designing training programs appropriate to athlete learning styles
* Planning and designing presentations in sport coaching
* Appropriate use of learning aids in sport coaching
* Facilitating coaching workshops
* Coach communication with a high performance support team and managers
* The coach as a high performance manager
* The coach as a professional

## Resources

* Assessor training participant manual (2006), Australian Sports Commission.
* Presenter/Facilitator Manual (2009), Australian Sports Commission.

## Assignments

* Research seminar that critically reviews the literature surrounding an area of interest relevant to coaching.
* Coaching practical session and self-reflection
* Coaching log book and practical tasks

## Coordinator

Keane Wheeler
# Assistant teacher course/Citizenship education
## Citizenship education

| Activity: | lecture, group work |
| Group size: | unlimited |
| Preparation: | none |
| Instructors: | 1 |
| Duration: | ? |

### Inventing citizenship education

The participants should be given an opportunity to devise their own view of citizenship education
Citizenship education refers to education that is seen as essential for responsible citizens. What can you imagine as goals or criteria of citizenship education?
* What skills and dispositions are important
** in debate?
** in politics?
** in science?
** in a community?
* What other skills and dispositions may be desirable?
What relations do exist between citizenship education and your assistant teacher effort?
* Which skills and dispositions
** are required for governance?
** are required for teaching?
** can be trained in advance?
** can the pupils learn?

### Class council

| Activity: | lecture, group work |
| Group size: | unlimited |
| Preparation: | none |
| Instructors: | 1 |
| Duration: | ? |
Classes that don't have their own class council should be advised that they may need a class council. Usually a class council is established by the class teacher but has its own set of officers or offices, which are speaker, secretary, rule monitor and time monitor. The offices are usually assigned for a single meeting of the class council or several but few meetings of the class council. Participation in a class council can be voluntary. If a class doesn't have a class council but a class representative the assistant teachers can ask the class representative to recommend or to establish a class council. All classes that receive assistant teachers should have a class council or a class representative in order to be able to make formal requests to representatives of the different assistant teacher groups. All classes that have assistant teachers as pupils should have a class council in order to be able to make formal requests to their own group or groups of assistant teachers, usually concerning qualification, disqualification and monitoring, and to be able to ratify the charter for a grade council.
* Class council
# BCP/Asteromoea mongolica/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Asteromoea mongolica (Kalimeris, Mongolian Aster, Japanese Aster). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny 10:37, 15 August 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 13:07, 2 September 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Astilbe

Astilbe
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Astilbe (Astilbe) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs SBJ 11:19, 17 June 2008 (UTC) SB Johnny-LM 09:03, 2 July 2008 (UTC) SBJ 09:54, 20 July 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer, Mid Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: June, July
Additional images:
# BCP/Aster lateriflorus

Aster lateriflorus
| Illustration Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Aster lateriflorus (Calico Aster) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 10:09, 18 September 2007 (UTC) --Luai lashire 14:56, 26 September 2007 (UTC) SB Johnny-NHAMP 09:03, 9 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 12:20, 24 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 09:09, 23 September 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) September, October New Hampshire: October Central Pennsylvania: September
Additional images:
# BCP/Aster lateriflorus/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Aster lateriflorus (Calico Aster). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 10:09, 18 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 14:56, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
* SB Johnny-NHAMP 09:03, 9 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:20, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 09:09, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Aster tataricus

Aster tataricus
| Heads Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Aster tataricus (Tatarian Aster) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Upright, spreading forb Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 13:50, 17 September 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 12:52, 1 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:27, 10 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 12:21, 24 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 13:00, 1 November 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 12:48, 26 September 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) September, October, November
Additional images:
# BCP/Aster tataricus/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Aster tataricus (Tatarian Aster). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 13:50, 17 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:52, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:27, 10 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:21, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 13:00, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 12:48, 26 September 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Aster ericoides/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Aster ericoides (Heath Aster). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2007 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 13:47, 16 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 13:59, 22 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 07:27, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
* SB Johnny-NHAMP 23:05, 8 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:32, 10 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:20, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:59, 1 November 2007 (UTC)

#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny 09:18, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 08:52, 24 September 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 12:08, 15 November 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Aster novae-angliae

Aster novae-angliae
| Head Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Aster novae-angliae (New England Aster) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Erect, bushy herbaceous plantFlowers:Heads with yellow disk florets and purple (sometimes pink, white, or red) raysFoliage:Simple, alternateLife Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs Jomegat 17:49, 6 June 2010 (UTC) Clarinetguy097 (discuss • contribs) 22:02, 20 June 2021 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall, Late Fall
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) August, September, October, November New Hampshire: June, July, August , September, October
Additional images:
# BCP/Aster novae-angliae/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Aster novae-angliae (New England Aster). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2007 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 10:25, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:01, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 02:42, 18 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 23:00, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 17:25, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:33, 26 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 07:28, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 02:46, 2 October 2007 (UTC)
* SB Johnny-NHAMP 23:09, 8 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 12:20, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 17:14, 1 November 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:58, 1 December 2007 (UTC)

#### 2008 Logs

* Jomegat 28 June, 2008 (from photos)
* Jomegat 00:21, 2 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 12:45, 8 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 18:49, 12 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 01:22, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 19:10, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 03:48, 12 August 2008 (UTC)

#### 2009 Logs

* Jomegat 23:52, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 09:16, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 21:47, 1 September 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 22:45, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 12:27, 19 September 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 21:03, 29 September 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 23:13, 3 October 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 17:56, 7 October 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 04:31, 19 October 2008 (UTC)

##### Recent Logs

* Jomegat 17:49, 6 June 2010 (UTC)
* Clarinetguy097 (discuss • contribs) 22:02, 20 June 2021 (UTC)
# BCP/Asteromoea mongolica

Asteromoea mongolica
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Asteromoea mongolica (Kalimeris, Mongolian Aster, Japanese Aster) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny 10:37, 15 August 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 13:07, 2 September 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) August, September
Additional images: