OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# English-Chinese/The risk of ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus is reduced by almost a third in adults who participate in 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week (or equivalent)

The risk of ischemic heart disease and diabetes mellitus is reduced by almost a third in adults who participate in 150 minutes of moderate physical activity each week (or equivalent).
每周参加150分钟中等体力活动（或同等强度）的成年人，缺血性心脏病和糖尿病的风险降低近三分之一。
# English-Chinese/The risk of stroke doubles every decade after age 55

The risk of stroke doubles every decade after age 55.
55岁以后，中风的风险每十年增加一倍。
# English-Chinese/The severity of hair loss can vary from a small area to the entire body

The severity of hair loss can vary from a small area to the entire body.
脱发的严重程度可以从小区域到整个身体变化。
# English-Chinese/The senate is an important legislative body in the United States

The senate is an important legislative body in the United States.
参议院是美国重要的立法机构。
# English-Chinese/The sensitivity of allergies is usually in proteins of the egg white rather than the yolk

The sensitivity of allergies is usually in proteins of the egg white rather than the yolk.
过敏的敏感性通常在蛋白的蛋白质而不是蛋黄。
# English-Chinese/The results can be sent back to memory or sent to the output after the CPU has processed some data

The results can be sent back to memory or sent to the output after the CPU has processed some data.
在CPU处理完一些数据后，结果可以发送回内存或发送到输出。
# English-Chinese/The room looks just as it did when I was a child

The room looks just as it did when I was a child.
房间看起来就像我小时候的一样。
# English-Chinese/The shape of the nose is determined by the nasal bones and the nasal cartilages, including the nasal septum which separates the nostrils and divides the nasal cavity into two

The shape of the nose is determined by the nasal bones and the nasal cartilages, including the nasal septum which separates the nostrils and divides the nasal cavity into two.
鼻子的形状由鼻骨和鼻软骨决定，包括分隔鼻孔并将鼻腔分成两部分的鼻中隔。
# Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2024/spring/Section14
## Project

Students in the course have studied the Federal Writers' Project Papers at UNC's Wilson Library. Each student has chosen an individual to research and record on our class website.

## Life Histories

Special:Prefixindex/Federal Writers' Project – Life Histories/2024/spring/Section14/
Use the following to create a new life history subpage:
# Linear Lie algebras

A linear (or "classical") Lie algebras is a Lie algebra whose elements can be represented as matrices (or linear transformations over some vector space over a field.

## A-series
### Realisation

See also: sl(n) (special linear Lie algebra)
An A-series Lie algebra $A_{n}$ is realised by the ring of n-by-n traceless matrices.
# Linear Mapping/Matrix/Commutative diagram/Fact

Let $K$ denote a field and let $V$ denote an $n$-dimensional vector space with a basis ${\mathfrak {v}}=v_{1},\ldots ,v_{n}$. Let $W$ be an $m$-dimensional vector space with a basis ${\mathfrak {w}}=w_{1},\ldots ,w_{m}$, and let
    $\Psi _{\mathfrak {v}}\colon K^{n}\longrightarrow V$
and
    $\Psi _{\mathfrak {w}}\colon K^{m}\longrightarrow W$
be the corresponding mappings. Let
    $\varphi \colon V\longrightarrow W$
denote a linear mapping with describing matrix $M_{\mathfrak {w}}^{\mathfrak {v}}(\varphi )$.
    $\varphi \circ \Psi _{\mathfrak {v}}=\Psi _{\mathfrak {w}}\circ M_{\mathfrak {w}}^{\mathfrak {v}}(\varphi )\,$
hold, that is, the diagram
    ${\begin{matrix}K^{n}&{\stackrel {\Psi _{\mathfrak {v}}}{\longrightarrow }}&V&\\\!\!\!\!\!M_{\mathfrak {w}}^{\mathfrak {v}}(\varphi )\downarrow &&\downarrow \varphi \!\!\!\!\!&\\K^{m}&{\stackrel {\Psi _{\mathfrak {w}}}{\longrightarrow }}&W&\!\!\!\!\!\\\end{matrix}}$
For a vector $v\in V$, we can compute $\varphi (v)$ by determining the coefficient tuple of $v$ with respect to the basis ${\mathfrak {v}}$, applying the matrix $M_{\mathfrak {w}}^{\mathfrak {v}}(\varphi )$ and determining for the resulting $m$-tuple the corresponding vector with respect to ${\mathfrak {w}}$.
# Linear algebra/Cramer's rule

Cramer's rule can be used to solve N linear equations with N unknown variables. If N=3, the unknowns might be {x,y,z} and the linear equations might be:
       $Ax+By+Cz=P\,$
       $Dx+Ey+Fz=Q\,$
       $Gx+Hy+Iz=R\,$
The "coefficient matrix" is a set of N^2 numbers {A, B..., I}. Here, we assume that these numbers are known. Also assumed known are the numbers {P, Q, R}, which are are often called the "right hand side". The goal is to find the unknown values of (x, y, z). This system may or may not have a unique soluton, as will be shown below.
If the number of equations were greater than the number of unknowns, there would be no solutions except in unusual circumstances. If the number of equations were less than the number of unknowns, there would be infinitely many solutions. Neither of those cases is covered by Cramer's rule.
Cramer's rule gives the solution in terms of the determinants of the coefficient matrix and the coefficient matrix with individual columns replaced. It says that the value of the nth unknown is the quotient of the determinant of the coefficient matrix with its nth column replaced by the right-hand-side numbers, divided by the determinant of the unmodified coefficient matrix.
For the 3-equation example given above:
       $x={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}\color {Red}P&B&C\\\color {Red}Q&E&F\\\color {Red}R&H&I\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}A&B&C\\D&E&F\\G&H&I\end{vmatrix}}}\ \ \ \ y={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}A&\color {Red}P&C\\D&\color {Red}Q&F\\G&\color {Red}R&I\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}A&B&C\\D&E&F\\G&H&I\end{vmatrix}}}\ \ \ \ z={\frac {\begin{vmatrix}A&B&\color {Red}P\\D&E&\color {Red}Q\\G&H&\color {Red}R\end{vmatrix}}{\begin{vmatrix}A&B&C\\D&E&F\\G&H&I\end{vmatrix}}}$
This works for any number of equations.
It can be seen that this will fail if the determinant of the coefficient matrix is zero, that is, the matrix is singular.
While Cramer's rule is certainly an elegant expression of the solution, it is not necessarily a useful way to solve a system of linear equations by hand where the number of equations is greater than about 3. This is because pencil-and-paper evaluation of determinants is a tedious and error-prone process. Computer programs to solve linear systems could use Cramer's rule, but they typically use Gaussian elimination, which is the computer equivalent of the "multiply by a constant and subtract" method that is taught in algebra classes.
# Linear Algebra/K/Homomorphism space/Definition

Let $K$ be a field, and let $V$ and $W$ be $K$-vector spaces. Then
    $\operatorname {Hom} _{K}{\left(V,W\right)}={\left\{f:V\rightarrow W\mid f{\text{ linear mapping}}\right\}}\,$
is called the space of homomorphisms. It is endowed with the addition defined by
    $(f+g)(v):=f(v)+g(v)\,,$
and the scalar multiplication defined by
    $(\lambda f)(v):=\lambda \cdot f(v)\,.$
# Linear algebra/Introductory definitions
### Vector spaces, vector operations, matrix operations

A vector space is comprised of a "scalar" field (for example, the real numbers), a set of "vectors", and two binary operations which must satisfy certain properties. One operation is vector addition, a binary operation that takes two vectors yields another vector. The other is called scalar multiplication, a binary operation that takes a scalar and a vector and yields a vector. The study focuses primarily on matrices, which can be thought of as two-dimensional arrays of elements from the scalar field of our vector space.
Most explorations focus on real and complex vector spaces. For instance, the set of vectors $\{[x,y,z]:x,y,z\in \mathbb {R} \}$ is called $\mathbb {R} ^{3}$. When we want to speak more generally, we will assume an arbitrary dimensionality and use the notation like $\mathbb {R} ^{n}$ and $\mathbb {C} ^{n}$. Before going further, the reader should become familiar with a few basic operations on these objects. The following videos demonstrate these operations on real-valued matrices and vectors.

## Primer on basic matrix operations

* Youtube: Element-wise Matrix Operations
* Youtube: Matrix multiplication
* Youtube: Gaussian Elimination
# Gandhi Smriti

The Gandhi Smriti (formerly known as Birla House or Birla Bhavan) is a museum dedicated to Mahatma Gandhi. It is considered as the "National memorial of India" respectively.

## See Also

* Wikipedia: Gandhi Smriti
# Games of gain-ground/Rules

Rules
Chapter 1
Lesson : Games of gain-ground
Next chapter :History
Games of gain-ground ${\mathcal {Rules}}$ :
* Introduction: this is an introductory lesson on rules of Games of gain-ground.
* Games of gain-ground are team sports which happen with a small ball or a balloon. They happen often outdoor on a "ballodrome" but can also be practised indoor.
* Among these games, longue paume is the most known because it takes place with rackets. Rules change little according to the concerned sport but the basic principles remain from a game to the other one.
* Games of gain-ground are characterized in particular by the use of "chasses" which indicate the limit between both teams.
* Points count by "fifteen": 15, 30, 40 and set, as in the tennis today.
* "ballodrome" for Ballon au poing
* General principles
* The teams are separated on the ground by a line ( "la corde" in french (the rope) ) which is mobile during the party.
* The purpose of the game is to gain ground by moving the rope. To do it, we try to make the ball " die " in the opposite camp.
* The team which receives has to send the ball back of flight or after a bounce with ban to be made by passes.
* There are 2 manners to score points =
* In a positive way, by sending the ball or the balloon behind the ledger line
* In a negative way, when the opponent makes a fault (for example, the ball goes out of the ground)
* The player has to send the ball back of flight or after a bounce, and over the rope.
* A ball which does not cross the rope is "fault" and gives one "fifteen" to the opponent.
* A ball which goes out directly of the ground on sides is "fault" and give one "fifteen".
* We cannot make of passe and a ball struck by 2 players of the same team is "fault" and give one "fifteen".
* A ball must be played by the racket, by the hand, by the drum or the fist. A ball which touches the body of the player (other than the parts planned in the game) is "fault" and give one "fifteen".
* Service
* Deliverer has to throw the ball (or the balloon) of flight and exceed the distance which separates the line of fire and the rope. After involvement(throw-in), the ball can be "rechassée" (return) on both sides of the rope, the exchanges which can continue either of flight, or in the first jump.
* The two chasses (red and blue)
* The chasses or the ratlles
* We use two chasses (one red and one blue) to mark the places where the ball "died".
* A ball died when it made 2 bounces of which at least 1 in the ground and was not affected. She cannot be anymore sent back and this dead ball which keeps running in the ground gains ground and must be arrested (we say " cut ") by a player as soon as possible!
* In Llargues, we have the ratlles ( lines in Valencian language ), the signals set in the place where the ball has been blocked every quinze.
| previous lesson | next lesson | Department | Division |
# Gammaretrovirus

The Gammaretrovirus (mammalian type C retroviruses) is a sister genus to the lentivirus clade. Like the lentivirus, it is a member of the Orthoretrovirinae subfamily of the retrovirus family. The Murine leukemia virus (MLV or MuLV), the Feline leukemia virus (FeLV), the Gibbon ape leukemia virus (GALV), and Xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) are members of the Gammaretrovirus genus. XMRV is a relative of MuLV that can can be isolated from human prostate tumor cells. Both ends of Gammaretrovirus genome are flanked by long terminal repeats (LTRs). The gag region of its genome codes for MA, pp12, CA, and NC. These accessory proteins are cleaved by protease. The pro/pol region codes for PR, RT, and IN. These are also cleaved by protease. Genomes of mammalian type C retroviruses contain a UAG termination codon between the gag and pol coding regions. The env gene codes for SU and TM which are again cleaved by protease.
# Games of gain-ground/Balle à la main

Balle à la main
Chapter 7
Lesson : Games of gain-ground
Previous chapter:Balle pelote
Next chapter :Balle au tamis
Games of gain-ground ${\mathcal {Balle~{\grave {a}}~la~main}}$ :
* The balle à la main (ball with the hand) is a team sport bringing into conflict two teams of seven players on a called ground ballodrome.
* This game is practised in Picardy (France).
* Playing area ( Ballodrome )
* ballodrome for the Balle à la main (Division 2)
* The size of the ground ( ballodrome ) makes 65 m on 12 m. As all the ballodromes of the games of gain-ground, we find on the ground a line of tir (service) and a corde (rope).
* The corde is the line to be overtaken at the time of the service which is made behind the line of tir. The distance between the line of service and the corde changes according to the level of the competition (Division)
* Division 1 : 20 meters
* Division 2 : 18 meters
* Division 3 : 16 meters
* Shirt of the team of Aubigny (Somme - Picardy)
* Rules
* The ball is made with a lead core, surrounded with wool and covered with leather. The diameter is about 4,2 cm with a weight of about 43 g.
* The game takes place according to the rules of the games of gain-ground with in particular the use of the chasses.
* The two teams of seven players are =
* un foncier,
* un haute-volée ( one high-volley )
* deux basses-volées ( two basses-volleys),
* trois cordiers ( three ropers ).
* A minimum of six players is compulsory. We play a naked hand. Points for a game count by "fifteen" (15, 30, 45 and set), with a possible advantage in the tie-break. A match takes place in 7 sets.
* The ball "outre" is a ball delivered or struck beyond the bottom of the opposite camp. The team wins then fifteen.
* Notes and External links
* {French}
* External links
* (fr) / Fédération française de balle à la main
| previous lesson | next lesson | Department | Division |
# Information Systems/Collection
## Information Systems
### Learning Guide

This learning guide supports the Wikiversity course Information Systems, available at https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Information_Systems.

## Overview

Information Systems/Collection/Sidebar
Information Systems is an introductory computer systems and applications course that includes hardware, peripherals, operating systems, applications, networking, Internet, security, information systems, system development, programming, databases, and social issues.
This course comprises 13 lessons on information systems and computer applications. Each lesson includes a combination of Wikipedia readings, YouTube videos, and hands-on learning activities. The course also assists learners in preparing for the CLEP Information Systems exam.

## Preparation

This is an introductory college-level information systems course. Learners should already have basic computer skills.

## Lessons

* Introduction
* Hardware
* Peripherals
* Operating Systems
* Applications
* Networking
* Internet
* Security
* Information Systems
* Systems Development
* Programming
* Databases
* Social Issues
* Review

## See Also

* Computer Skills
* Digital Literacy
* Wikibooks: Introduction to Computer Information Systems
* Wikibooks: The Computer Revolution
* Modern States: Information Systems Course
# Information Organization/MARC21

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# Information Organization/Superintendent of Documents Classification

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# Information Organization/Medical Subject Headings

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# Information Organization/Thesaurus Construction

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# Information Systems

Information Systems is an introductory computer systems and applications course that includes hardware, peripherals, operating systems, applications, networking, Internet, security, information systems, system development, programming, databases, and social issues.
This course comprises 13 lessons on information systems and computer applications. Each lesson includes a combination of Wikipedia readings, YouTube videos, and hands-on learning activities. The course also assists learners in preparing for the CLEP Information Systems exam.

## Preparation

This is an introductory college-level information systems course. Learners should already have basic computer skills.

## Lessons

* Introduction
* Hardware
* Peripherals
* Operating Systems
* Applications
* Networking
* Internet
* Security
* Information Systems
* Systems Development
* Programming
* Databases
* Social Issues
* Review

## See Also

* Computer Skills
* Digital Literacy
* Wikibooks: Introduction to Computer Information Systems
* Wikibooks: The Computer Revolution
* Modern States: Information Systems Course