OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# College Mathematics/Algebra and Functions

Algebra and Functions

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the algebra and functions portion of CLEP College Mathematics include:
* Solving equations, linear inequalities, and systems of linear equations by analytic and graphical methods
* Interpretation, representation, and evaluation of functions: numerical, graphical, symbolic, and descriptive methods
* Graphs of functions: translations, horizontal and vertical reflections, and symmetry about the x-axis, the y-axis, and the origin
* Linear and exponential growth
* Applications

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Algebra
* Wikipedia: Function (mathematics)

## Activities

* Review the following MathsIsFun resources and complete the questions at the bottom of each page:
** Linear Equations and Inequalities
** Introduction to Algebra
** Algebra - Basic Definitions
** Linear Equations
** Explore the Properties of a Straight-Line Graph
** Introduction to Inequalities
** Solving Inequalities
** Graphing Linear Inequalities
** Systems of Linear Equations
** Functions
** What is a Function?
** Graphs of Functions
** Graph of an Equation
** Function Grapher and Calculator
** Linear and Exponential Growth
** Exponents
** Exponential Growth and Decay
# College Mathematics/Counting and Probability

Counting and Probability

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the counting and probability portion of CLEP College Mathematics include:
* Counting problems: the multiplication rule, combinations, and permutations
* Probability: union, intersection, independent events, mutually exclusive events, complementary events, conditional probabilities, and expected value
* Applications

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Counting
* Wikipedia: Probability

## Activities

* Review the following MathsIsFun resources and complete the questions at the bottom of each page:
** Counting
** The Basic Counting Principle
** Combinations and Permutations
** Probability
** Probability
** Probability: Types of Events
** Probability: Independent Events
** Mutually Exclusive Events
** Probability: Complement
** Conditional Probability
* Complete the following West Texas A&M University tutorials:
** Combinations
** Permutation
# College Level Examination Program

The College Level Examination Program' (CLEP) is a group of standardized tests that assess college-level knowledge in several subject areas that are administered at more than 1,700 colleges and universities across the United States created by College Board. There are 2,900 colleges which grant CLEP credit. CLEP tests are one potential way for Wikiversity students to earn accredited college credit for materials learned here.

## Exams

As of 2015, there were 33 CLEP examinations covering Business, Composition and Literature, History and Social Sciences, Science and Mathematics, and World Languages.

### Business

* Financial Accounting
* Information Systems
* Introductory Business Law
* Principles of Management
* Principles of Marketing

### Composition and Literature

* American Literature
* Analyzing and Interpreting Literature
* College Composition
* College Composition Modular
* English Literature
* Humanities

### History and Social Sciences

* American Government
* History of the United States I: Early Colonization to 1877
* History of the United States II: 1865 to Present
* Human Growth and Development
* Introduction to Educational Psychology
* Introductory Psychology
* Introductory Sociology
* Principles of Macroeconomics
* Principles of Microeconomics
* Social Sciences and History
* Western Civilization I: Ancient Near East to 1648
* Western Civilization II: 1648 to Present

### Science and Mathematics

* Biology
* Calculus
* Chemistry
* College Algebra
* College Mathematics
* Natural Sciences
* Precalculus

### World Languages

* French Language (Levels 1 and 2)
* German Language (Levels 1 and 2)
* Spanish Language (Levels 1 and 2)

## See Also

* Wikipedia: College Level Examination Program
* Modern States: Freshman Year for Free - free CLEP courses
# College Mathematics

College Mathematics is an introductory college mathematics course that includes numbers, algebra and functions, counting and probability, data analysis and statistics, financial mathematics, geometry, and logic and sets.
This course comprises 7 lessons on college mathematics. Each lesson includes a combination of Wikipedia readings, YouTube videos, and hands-on learning activities. The course also assists learners in preparing for the CLEP College Mathematics exam.

## Preparation

This is an introductory college-level mathematics course. Learners should already be familiar with primary mathematics concepts.

## Lessons

* Numbers
* Algebra and Functions
* Counting and Probability
* Data Analysis and Statistics
* Financial Mathematics
* Geometry
* Logic and Sets

## See Also

* Portal: Mathematics
* Modern States: College Mathematics free course
# College Chemistry

Welcome to the learning project on College Chemistry!
This course will be developed at a level suitable for 18+ year olds, equivalent to undergraduate level education.
UNDER DEVELOPMENT

### Lessons
#### Organic Chemistry

* Introduction to Organic Chemistry
   * Lesson 1: What is Organic Chemistry
   * Lesson 2: Structure and Bonding
   * Lesson 3: Introduction to Spectroscopy
   * Lesson 4: Drawing and Naming Organic Molecules
   * Lesson 5: Isomerism, Chirality and Stereochemistry
   * Lesson 6: Reactions and Mechanisms
   * Lesson 7: Conjugation
   * Lesson 8: Radical Reactions
   * Lesson 9: Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions
   * Lesson 10: Elimination Reactions
   * Lesson 11: Alkenes and Alkynes
   * Lesson 12: Alcohols
   * Lesson 13: Ethers and Epoxides
   * Lesson 14: Amines
   * Lesson 15: Aldehydes and Ketones
   * Lesson 16: Carboxylic Acids and Derivatives
   * Lesson 17: Reactions of Carbonyl Compounds
* Mechanism and Stereochemistry
   * Lesson 1: Conformations and Rings
   * Lesson 2: Diastereoselectivity and Acid-Base Catalysis
* Aromatic and Heterocyclic Chemistry
   * Lesson 1: Aromatic Compounds
   * Lesson 2: Determining Aromaticity
   * Lesson 3: Related Compounds
   * Lesson 4: Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution
   * Lesson 5: Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution
   * Lesson 6: Heterocycles
* Organic Synthesis
   * Lesson 1: Using Organometallics
   * Lesson 2: Using Enolates
   * Lesson 3: Formation of Alkenes
   * Lesson 4: Functionalisation of Alkenes
   * Lesson 5: Oxidation Reactions
   * Lesson 6: Reduction Reactions

#### Inorganic Chemistry

* Introduction to Inorganic Chemistry
   * Lesson 1: Periodicity in atomic properties
   * Lesson 2: Molecular structure and bonding
   * Lesson 3: Structures of simple solids
   * Lesson 4: Coordination chemistry
   * Lesson 5: Main group chemistry
* Transition Metal Chemistry
   * Lesson 1: Transition metal chemistry
   * Lesson 2: Organometallic chemistry

#### Solid State Chemistry

Solid State Materials
* Lesson 1:
* Lesson 2:

#### Physical Chemistry

* Introduction to Physical Chemistry
   * Lesson 1: Thermodynamics
   * Lesson 2: Chemical kinetics
   * Lesson 3: Quantum mechanics
   * Lesson 4: Spectroscopy
* Symmetry and Group Theory
   * Lesson 1:
   * Lesson 2:
* Statistical Mechanics
   * Lesson 1:
   * Lesson 2:

#### Electrochemistry

Electrochemistry and Solutions
* Lesson 1:
* Lesson 2:

#### Biochemistry and Medicinal Chemistry

* Introduction to Biochemistry
   * Lesson 1:
   * Lesson 2:
* Introduction to Medicinal Chemistry
   * Lesson 1:
   * Lesson 2:

#### Polymer Chemistry

* Introduction to Polymer Chemistry
   * Lesson 1:
   * Lesson 2:

### Activities

* Activity 1:
* Activity 2:

### Assignments

Laboratory work

### Tests and quizzes

* Quiz 1:
* Quiz 2:
* Test 1:
# College Algebra/Grammar quiz

This is a self quiz for the text b:Algebra/Grammar
Return to College Algebra
# College Algebra/Real Numbers

Welcome! In this lesson we will review the concept of real numbers. After you are done, take the self-quiz to test your knowledges on this subject and then go on to the next lesson.

## Real numbers

Materials to use:
* Numbers and Points.
* MIT Points and Vectors.
* b:Algebra/Real Numbers.
* The real number system (Book I have).
# College Algebra/Real Numbers/A

Real numbers

## Introduction

While wikis are mostly text based, there are simple steps to turn any text into sound. Some of the pages will have an audio file that can be played. For those that don't, a few simple steps can turn a text based page into spoken word.
# College Algebra/Solving quadratic equations

A quadratic equation is any equation of the form $ax^{2}+bx+c=0\,\;$ representing a parabola in the plane. Solving quadratic equations and finding their zeros is a very important ability in mathematics, allowing mathematicians to work with equations involving larger exponents effectively. There are several methods for solving quadratic equations which are all simple to use but vary somewhat in speed and the sets of numbers for which the method is effective.

## Basic principles

A equation is only quadratic if it can be put into the form $ax^{2}+bx+c=0\,\;$ where $a\,\;$ is not equal to 0. This means that the equation $x^{2}-5=2x\,\;$ is quadratic because it can be put into the form $x^{2}-2x-5=0\,\;$, but the equation $x^{3}-6x-5=0\,\;$ is not because it contains a cube and so cannot be put into a quadratic form.
# College Mathematics/Data Analysis and Statistics

Data Analysis and Statistics

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the data analysis and statistics portion of CLEP College Mathematics include:
* Data interpretation and representation: tables, bar graphs, line graphs, circle graphs, pie charts, scatterplots, and histograms
* Numerical summaries of data: mean (average), median, mode, and range
* Standard deviation, normal distribution (conceptual questions only)
* Applications

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Table
* Wikipedia: Chart
* Wikipedia: Mean
* Wikipedia: Median
* Wikipedia: Mode (statistics)
* Wikipedia: Standard deviation
* Wikipedia: Normal distribution

## Activities

* Review the following MathsIsFun resources and complete the questions at the bottom of each page:
** Data Representation
** Cumulative Tables and Graphs
** Bar Graphs
** Line Graphs
** Pie Charts
** Scatter Plots
** Histograms
** Data Summaries
** Finding a Central Value
** How to Find the Mean
** How to Find the Median Value
** How to Find the Mode
** The Range (Statistics)
** Standard Deviation and Normal Distribution
** Standard Deviation and Variance
** Normal Distribution
* Complete the Purplemath: Mean, Median, Mode, and Range tutorial.
# CisLunarFreighter/UML case diagrams

Use Cases for CisLunarFreighter learning project.
A standard form of use cases have a title, preconditions, steps, postconditions, who benefits.

## MUD operator

Install the central seed client necessary to coordinate applet activity
Preconditions:
* Seed must work at x level, distribution developed, and tested incrementally so crashes of operator's environment are rare.
* Find or develop Java MUD server and client classes adequate for initial login and security requirements.
* Install and test on project developers servers and machines
* Test it with jFreeRail and CisLunarFreighter applets
* Package the releases for easy install and publish at SourceForge
* Begin modding and importing new applets after rigorous code walkthroughs and testing.
Postconditions:
* Feedback
* Bug reports.
Actors who benefit. Players, Developers, Modders, Mud Operators

## Player

Download, play, feedback.
Pre Conditions: PreAlpha is ready for incremental testing
* Hear about game environment and decide to try it out
* Download from Sourceforce and install
* Beginner's orientation or interface is intuitive
* Begin playing/learning
* Provide suggestions for gameplay enhancement and bug reports.
Post Conditions: Learned all possible from game or bored with gameplay or community. Feeback processed into environment Bugs fixed or resolved somehow.
Benefits: Players, Developers, Modders, Mud Operators

## Modder

Preconditions:
* Specifications available
* Tools are available (Hence, reliance on free^2 tools and components)
* Source and intermediate data products (3D models) are available
* Downloads and plays / looks over
* Decides to tweak
* Discusses intentions with developers
* Implements and tests
* Submits for developer evaluation
Postconditions:
* Incorporation into baseline product
* Published as tested mod
Benefits: Players, Developers, Modders, Mud Operators
# Cisco IOS/Cisco IOS DHCP Server configuration

Cisco IOS DHCP Server configuration

## Commands

* show ip dhcp pool <name>
* show ip dhcp binding
* show ip dhcp server statistics
# CisLunarFreighter/Terran spaceport

Terran Spaceport

## Responsibilities

Generate cargo, loads and missions and provide an interesting background and graphics for each action/reaction/menu taken to plan and load the ship for its selected mission.

## Collaborators

* Mission/Cargo Generator
* Background graphics
* Foreground graphics
* Click and drag graphics
* Cargo Distribution Planner
* Cargo Loading
       Click and drag, perhaps interactive cargo distribution planner, maybe redundant with dist planner.
* Request Launch Clearance Button
       Transitions to and activates Lunar Lander style takeoff landing mini game from either overview or cockpit view.
Menu:
* Ship Designer
    Tailor ship within means and physical possibilities.
* Cargo Load Mission Generator
    Click to list of available missions, loads, Selection takes back to spaceport dock.
* Feuling
    Connect all feul and oxygen lines correctly and achieve adequate mass and pressure within range.
* Loading
    Click and drag pallets and crates to spacecraft via crane/loader as or after they are delivered to dock staging area.
* Takeoff
    Transition to Lunar Lander Style sub game to orbit.
# CisLunarFreighter/User keyboard interface controller

User Keyboard Interface Controller

## Responsibilities

Process keystrokes and pass commands to appropriate object. Ultimately should be configuration by user with a good default configuration for starters.

## Collaborators

* Menus
* Ship
       Thrusters, Weapons, Cargo Ejections, Dump Feul,
* On Screen Cursor
    position and click for no mouse operation
* View Controller
    Multiple views should be keyboard selectable
* IRC Component
    Ability to communicate with other players while accomplishing aforementioned tasks
# Cisco IOS

Cisco Internetwork Operating System (IOS) is a family of network operating systems used on many Cisco Systems routers and current Cisco network switches

## Basic commands

* show version or sh ver (includes uptime information)
Interfaces:
* show interfaces
* show interface trunk
* show interfaces switchport. To display the administrative and operational status of a switching (nonrouting) port
* show configuration or sh conf
* show running-config or sh run An enable mode command that displays the current configuration
* configure terminal or conf t Logs you into configuration mode
* show ip
* show ip interface
** show ip interface brief or sh ip int br
* enable Logs into enable mode. Also known as user exec mode or privileged mode. See also: show privilege
** enable 5 Change to level 5
** no enable password
* show ip traffic
* show logging
* no shutdown. Enables an interface (brings it up).
* ip route-cache
* no ip route-cache
* ip ssh pubkey-chain
* include, similar to grep linux command
* show vlan [brief | id <vlan-id> | name <name> [ifindex] | <ifindex>]
** show vlan
** show vlan brief or sh vlan br
** show vlan summary or sh vlan s
* aaa new model
* show ip route or show ip ro
* show ip arp
* show ip ssh
* show privilege
* username Create and delete users
* show users
* write
* show crypto ca certificates

### Access List

Configuring IP Access Lists: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/support/docs/security/ios-firewall/23602-confaccesslists.html#acltypes
Types of ACLs: Standard ACLs, Extended ACLs, Lock and Key (Dynamic ACLs), IP Named ACLs, Reflexive ACLs, Time-Based ACLs Using Time Ranges, Commented IP ACL Entries, Context-Based Access Control, Authentication Proxy, Turbo ACLs, Distributed Time-Based ACLs, Receive ACLs, Infrastructure Protection ACLs, Transit ACLs.
* show access-list
* show ip access-list
* router(config)#access-list 101 deny icmp any any
* router(config)#access-list 101 permit ip any any
* router(config)#ip access-list extended test
* router(config-ext-nacl)#permit ip host 2.2.2.2 host 3.3.3.3
* router(config-ext-nacl)#permit tcp host 1.1.1.1 host 5.5.5.5 eq www
* router(config-ext-nacl)#permit icmp any any
* router(config-ext-nacl)#permit udp host 6.6.6.6 10.10.10.0 0.0.0.255 eq domain
* ip access-group

### HTTP Server

* sh ip http server all
* R1(config)#ip http authentication local
* R1(config)#ip http secure-server

## Configuration Guides

* Cisco IOS DHCP Server configuration
* Configure public RSA key authentication: ip ssh pubkey-chain

## Activities

* Read wikipedia article about Cisco Internetwork Operating System
* Read Cisco IOS command reference: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/ios-xml/ios/fundamentals/command/Cisco_IOS_Configuration_Fundamentals_Command_Reference.pdf
* Read Cisco IOS Cheat Sheet: https://www.netwrix.com/cisco_commands_cheat_sheet.html
* Configure a user with public key access Configure public RSA key authentication
* Associate a user with default higher privileges using username command
# Cisco IOS/Associate a user with default higher privileges

Basic Example:
https://www.oreilly.com/library/view/hardening-cisco-routers/0596001665/ch04.html
Example with error:

### Enable Type 9 passwords for username MY_USERNAME_1

Read first: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-27166
Error in case user where already created with password option:

### Delete user
## Activities

* Configure a user with public key access Cisco IOS/Configure public RSA key authentication
* Learn about different Cisco Router Password Types: https://learningnetwork.cisco.com/docs/DOC-27166
* List users: show running-config | inc username
* Delete a user with no username USERNAME_TO_DELETE command
# CisLunarFreighter/Spaceships
## Component Name

Player Ship

## Description of Responsibilities

Acts as a data container for cargo manifest, ship characteristics such as mass distribution and thruster configuration, and responds appropriately to the user interface by triggering appropriate graphics on screen.

## Collaborators

* Keyboard User Interface
* Pizza Delivery
* View Controller
       Background Manager
       Sprite Controller?
* Load Distributer Planner
* Ship Designer
* Pretzel planner
       Provides ship configuration at beginning of mission or after repairs or inflight damage or modification. I.E. Take damage from opponents or flyover a hot spot with a bonus ... or a hot spot with change in cargo mass.
* Collision Detection
# CisLunarFreighter/Specifications
## Specifications

What should the user experience be like?
An overview of the game's major requirements:
* Entertainment -- should be fun.
* Social -- Interaction with other people via
** Chat -- most mud environments allow this
** Email -- useful or not?
** Game consequences -- makes the game more interesting
* Educational - Exposure to some science, engineering, and operations concepts
** Math practice
** Reading around the web
** Use of open source tools for modding
** Software design and coding techniques

### Hardware requirements

The game client and server should run on any adequate performance desktop. It is not intended as a primary focus to meet the needs of the emerging hand-held computing and communications markets.
# CisLunarFreighter/Takeoff and lander screens

Takeoff or Lander Screen

## Responsibility

Control the game universe near a landing site.

## Collaborators

* Set of background features
    planetary surface, bases, other ships, flight controllers, meteor showers, defensive cannons, etc.
* Ship
    collision detection, weapons fire, etc.
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Physical Society of Utrecht
## Summary

Name of Society: Physical Society of Utrecht
Country: Netherlands
City: Utrecht
Years Active: 1777 - Present
The Physics Society is an association whose purpose is "The interest in the study of physics and its history to promote."
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Royal Lancashire Agricultural Society
## Summary

Name: Royal Lancashire Agricultural Society
Alternative Names: Manchester and Liverpool Agricutlural Society; Royal Manchester, Liverpool and North Lancashire Agricultural Society
Country: England
City: Manchester (later Preston)
Founding Date: 1767
The society was founded in 1767 and possibly started the oldest Agricultural Show in England. The society ran these shows from town to town in the Lancashire area. The society is led by a council made of a diverse group of people ranging from farming experts to business professionals. The Young Farmers' and NFU Club are also recognized in the Council.
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Royal Military and Naval Academy
## Summary

Name of Society: Royal Military and Naval Academy
Country: Ireland
City: Dublin
Starting date: 1784
This academy began in 1784, and under the direction of David Bates, was divided into seven schools. All seven schools taught reading, grammar, arithmetic, algebra, drawing, philosophy, latin based languages, fencing, dancing, and music. All of these lessons were applied to military or naval concepts ranging from arillery to agility.
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Philosophical Society of Edinburgh
## Summary

Name of Society: Philosophical Society of Edinburgh
Alternate Names: Society for the Improvement of Medical Knowledge, Edinburgh Society for improving Arts and Sciences and Particularly Natural Knowledge
Country: Scottland
City: Edinburgh
Active Dates: 1731-1782
The Philosophical Society of Edinburgh was founded in 1731 to improve medical knowledge. The society published five volumes of its Medical Essays and Observations before it was suggested to be expanded to comprise literature and philosophy. With the addition of literature and philosophy came a new name and three volumes of Essays and Observations, Physical and Literary. Towards the end of the society's existence there was a strong push for a more permenent society. This wish was granted with the creation of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Royal Irish Academy

Royal Irish Academy on Wikipedia.
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce

Name of Society: Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce
Alternate Name(s): The RSA
Country: England
City: London
Active dates: 1754 - Present Day
The Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce was established in 1754 by a man named William Shipley. Not only did the RSA sometimes hold contests in which people were able to win prizes for their newest and most inventive creations, including new forms of machinery or new agricultural ideas but they are also responsible for hosting Britain's first contemporary art show. This society was very much about sharing new ideas and spreading them so that future generations could benefit and building upon them leading us into the future. In 1847 the RSA was granted a Royal Charter and still are a functional society in present day. The RSA has seen many famous members such as Charles Dickens, Benjamin Franklin, and Karl Marx just to list a few.
# 18th century European scholarly societies and academies/Royal Zeeland Society of Sciences
## Summary

Name of Society: Royal Zeeland Society of Sciences
Country: Netherlands
City: Vissingen
Years Active: 1769 - Present
Aims the study of arts and sciences in promoting Zeeland by maintaining and expanding its extensive museum collections, organization of scientific meetings, lectures, and excursions and issuing publications.