OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Intensive Care Nursing/Trauma/Head Trauma and Intracranial Pressure Management

Primary injury The occurrence at the traumatic incident and reflects the mechanical events and injury to the brain. Common mechanisms include direct impact, rapid acceleration/deceleration, penetrating injury and blast waves.
Secondary injury Occurs minutes, hours, days or even weeks after the initial injury and the damage can be averted or lessened by appropriate clinical interventions and management. Causes of secondary brain injury include haematoma, contusion, diffuse brain swelling, systemic shock and intracranial infection.
Pre-Hospital Care Prevention of secondary injury is the goal and early activation of amubulance or retrieval services aims to improve outcomes. An example of a trauma system is the Traumatic Brain Injury Guideline (Victoria State, Australia)
* Airway (protect airway, close monitoring of GCS, secure airway if required, maintaining spinal alignment)
* Breathing (oxygen provision, SO$_2$ monitoring and aim >90̥, ETCO$_2$ monitoring and aim 35-40mmHg)
* Circulation (BP and HR monitoring, 2x I.V. access, blood sampling)
* Disibility (GCS and pupil check regularly, blood sugar level)
Hospital Care
"One challenge in the emergency department is that Intracranial Pressure (ICP) cannot be measured with out an extraventricular drain (EVD). In this case it is recommended that ICP is assumed to be 20mmHg and thus MAP ≥80mmHg to maintain CPP >60mmHg" (Roodenberg, 2011).
Cerebral perfusion pressure is the driving force that maintains the cerebral blood flow. It is influenced by two factors the mean arterial blood pressure and the intracranial pressure. To calculate the CPP, subtract the ICP from the MAP
References
Brain Trauma Foundation (2007) Guidelines for the management of severe traumatic brain injury (3rd ed). New York
Myburgh, J., Cooper, D., Finfer, S., Venkatesh, B., Jones, D., Higgins, A., ... Higlett, T. (2008). Epidemiology and 12-month outcomes from traumatic brain injury in australia and new zealand.The Journal of Trauma, 64(4), 854-62.
# Intensive Care Nursing/Trauma/Trauma Systems and Transport

Pre-Hospital Triage
The aim is to reduce preventable trauma deaths in the pre-hospital setting by matching patient needs with appropriate care provision. Triage systems assist the initial clinical assessment and identification of a major trauma patient. Pre-hospital major trauma need to be identified according to specified physiological and anatomical criteria. In Australia the Victorian State Trauma System has a pre-hospital triage guideline
Activation protocols
Major trauma triage guidelines provide activation protocols for pre-hospital trauma Systems for adult and paediatric patients. Major trauma patients where possible should be transferred directly to an adult or paediatric major trauma service by the ambulance service. If a major trauma service is not available within a timely manner or weather conditions do not allow safe transport then the patient should be triaged to the nearest and highest-level trauma service available. The protocol must ensure the most appropriate decision of air versus ground is undertaken for safe and time appropriate transport.
References
Victorian State Trauma System Guideline (2014) Trauma Victoria [1]
Victoria Air Ambulance Helicoptors (2015) Ambulance Victoria [2]
# Intensive Care Nursing/Sepsis Scenarios/Surgical Sepsis Unfolding Case Study/Surgical Sepsis Scenario p2
## Arrival to unit

Upon arrival to your unit, the patient begins to decompensate further. You notify provider to assist with rapid order entry to assist with treatment of their febrile tachycardia related to likely abdominal infection. During your admission assessment you note the patient stating an increased amount of pain described as burning after a sensation of ripping in their belly. Broad spectrum antibiotics were initiated and another fluid bolus is given.
Current vital signs and recently resulted labs are as follows:
Temperature: 39.1 C (102.4 F)
HR: 140
BP: 75/45
RR: 28
SpO2: 94% @ 2LNC
Pain: 10/10
* Surgical Sepsis Scenario p3
# Intensive Care Nursing/Trauma/Mechanism of Injury

Mechanism of Injury
Kinematics
Branch of mechanics that describes motion, so in this context the movement and interaction in collisions.
Newton's First Law of Motion
An object either remains at rest or continues to move at a constant velocity, unless acted upon by an external force.
Forces can be blunt or penetrating. Some of the forces involved in the mechanism of injuryː
* Acceleration
* Deceleration
* Combination of acceleration and deceleration
* Rotational
* Deformation
* Velocity and speed
Injury Mechanism:
* An accelerating/decelerating injury occurs when there is direct contact producing an abrupt change in speed.
* A shearing injury occurs when two oppositely directed and parallel forces are applied to tissue.
* A compression injury is caused when squeezing forces push inward pressure onto the tissues.
# Intensive Care Nursing/Trauma/Systematic Trauma Assessment

Pre-Hospital Management
Structured management of trauma patients and the use of trauma services is required for avoidable mortality and morbidity. All inclusive systems of trauma related services from the prehospital setting to the acute care facility are of the up most importance. The use of a major trauma triage tool will standardise and prioritise care to the appropriate level of trauma care.
Primary Survey
The primary survey should be carried out immediately on arrival and reassessed frequently throughout the initial and ongoing phases of care. In a trauma situation, the primary survey is focused on identifying and intervening on any potential or actual life-threatening injuries. The approach taken is:
* Airway (maintaining spinal alignment)
* Breathing
* Circulation (including haemorrhage control)
* Disability
* Exposure (including temperature control)
The time critical concept of carefully looking for signs of critical injuries.
Ideally there is a coordinated team approach with roles defined. Often each component assessments and interventions being completed concurrently. The general rule is, do not move on to the next step until you find and fixing/fixed the problem. For example, if a patient has a threat to the airway because of altered conscious state but also a partial amputation of the leg bleeding profusely, gaining control of the airway (through simple or advanced means) must be achieved while measures are taken to stop the bleeding.
Secondary Survey
Once the primary survey and all interventions are completed then the secondary survey can be performed. The secondary survey is a complete head to toe physical examination.
Tertiary Survey
This survey is to identify any missed injuries. After the initial resuscitation and any operative interventions and typically occurs within twenty four hours after admission and is repeated again when the patient is awake, responsive, and able to communicate. The tertiary trauma survey is a comprehensive review, includes the repetition of the primary and secondary surveys and review of all laboratory data. A secondary review of all scans may also be undertaken at this stage.
References[edit]
Curtis, K. & Ramsden, C., (2011) Emergency and Trauma Care for nurses and paramedics. Sydney:Mosby
Anaesthesia, Trauma and Critical Care (ATACC) Manual
# Intensive Care Nursing/Trauma/Trauma Network and Systems

Pre-Hospital Triage
The aim is to reduce preventable trauma deaths in the pre-hospital setting by matching patient needs with appropriate care provision. Triage systems assist the initial clinical assessment and identification of a major trauma patient. Pre-hospital major trauma need to be identified according to specified physiological and anatomical criteria. In Australia the Victorian State Trauma System has a pre-hospital triage guideline
Activation protocols
Major trauma triage guidelines provide activation protocols for pre-hospital trauma Systems for adult and paediatric patients. Major trauma patients where possible should be transferred directly to an adult or paediatric major trauma service by the ambulance service. If a major trauma service is not available within a timely manner or weather conditions do not allow safe transport then the patient should be triaged to the nearest and highest-level trauma service available. The protocol must ensure the most appropriate decision of air versus ground is undertaken for safe and time appropriate transport.
References
Victorian State Trauma System Guideline (2014) Trauma Victoria [1]
Victoria Air Ambulance Helicoptors (2015) Ambulance Victoria [2]
# Joint Entrance Examination/AIEEE 2009/Q001 equations

If the roots of the equation bx$^2$+cx+a=0 be imaginary, then for all real values of x, the expression 3b$^2$x$^2$+6bcx+2c$^2$ is
* (1) less than –4ab
* (2) greater than 4ab
* (3) less than 4ab
* (4) greater than –4ab
# Learning from conflict and incivility/Jolie

I am a learner who is exploring wikiversity as a community and a model of life-long learning.
I think I perfectly fit the description as an "lurker" or "onlooker". I am quite concerned about the possibility of incivility. I think fundmentally a community that allows such behavior is doomed to stagnation.
that said, some tolerance is important for any participant in an on-line forum. If I can easily gain membership and encouraged to say what I want; everyone else is too. while rude behavior is not acceptable it is understandable.
The community simply must be willing to define 'rude' and stick to that assesment.
I am willing to let the community know when I feel someone has been incivil, and I will try to be tolerant in an open community to social styles that seem odd.--Jolie 16:48, 13 October 2008 (UTC)
# Learning management system

LMS - Learning Management System, is a general name for a system that can handle the management of a learning environment. Sometimes the terms are interchanged with "CMS" or "Course Management System". There are many LMS systems out there, including (but not limited to): Blackboard, Moodle and Sakai. These Learning Management Systems allow for delivering courses or course materials to students. An LMS creates a synchronous, web-based classroom environment. Some of the tools available within an LMS are Blogs, Wikis, Journals and Discussion Boards.

## Free LMS Hosting

* CourseSites by Blackboard
* Latitude Learning Free LMS
* MoodleCloud
* MyiCourse

## See Also

* Moodle
* Wikipedia: Learning management system
* free campus
* mofet net
# Learning from conflict and incivility/Moulton

I do not reckon my experience with Centaur of Attention, Jim62sch, Salmon of Doubt, Mike.lifeguard, or KillerChihuahua as either good or bad. Rather I reckon it as vexing and perplexing. I have been studying, thinking about (and occasionally solving) challenging ethical conundrums ever since I was a teenager, when I first began studying them under the tutelage of Rabbi Myer S. Kripke. The ethical conundrums supplied here by Centaur of Attention, Salmon of Doubt, Mike.lifeguard, and KillerChihuahua are fascinating to me precisely because they are so bloody hard to solve. Most of their maneuvers here are frankly beyond my pay grade as a lifelong student of such conundrums. The whole point of the Ethics Project is to discover better ethical practices (enroute to best ethical practices) when challenged with ethical conundrums of the caliber that CofA, J62s SofD, M.l, and KC are wont to toss my way. So for me this is an educational experience at (or beyond) my own frontiers of learning, which is exactly what I seek as a learner in any subject of interest to me.
# Learning from conflict and incivility/Sxeptomaniac

While I was primarily a lurker during the recent conflict, I now have a fairly long history with Moulton and his conflict with several Wikipedia editors.

## History

I'm of the opinion that a person can't understand the present, nor understand the direction things are going, without knowing something of the past.
I first came into contact with Moulton at his request for comment on en.WP. I was able to engage him in dialogue on his talk page for a while, in the hopes of helping him out, as it seemed he did have some legitimate issues with the w:Rosalind Picard article.
I then eventually came in contact with him again at the Wikipedia Review forum, which I had previously joined, though was mostly inactive. At that time, I decided it was time to attempt to make some needed changes to the Rosalind Picard article, and was partially successful, after a small edit war. Later on, other editors decided to attempt to finish what I had started at the Picard article, and a major edit war erupted, at which time I and several others came to be accused of "meatpuppetry" on behalf of Moulton.
Honestly, I still have issues with some of the same editors Moulton was in conflict with there, but for my own reasons.

## Current conflict

My main contribution during the recent conflict was simply an attempt to help Moulton cool off a little and rethink some of his more disruptive actions. I also made one or two responses to Salmon of Doubt, also encouraging him to avoid unhelpful behavior.
During a current conflict on Wikiversity, Moulton responded to one of the editors he has been in past conflict with using what I can only assume to be her real first name. She removed one of the edits, and Moulton returned it. I am attempting to discuss with Moulton why I feel the behavior is inappropriate, and ended up removing her name from the edits. I strongly dislike editing another's comments, but I felt my history with Moulton made me the best person to do so. This is not yet resolved, so I hope he'll be able to understand where I'm coming from.

## Personal opinion

Whatever the intent, I believe those in conflict with Moulton only antagonized him by not approaching him directly, calmly, and civilly. Moulton himself has told me that he frequently tends to charge ahead at full speed in situations where he feels something isn't right.
Unfortunately, both sides have mostly escalated the conflict, tending to portray themselves as innocent victims and the other side as vicious aggressors. Overall, I must admit I usually find I am a bit more sympathetic to Moulton's situation (I think mostly because he has been more open to dialogue, in my experience), but I also believe many of his actions have been inappropriate as well, and he has played a role in escalating the various conflicts as well.
# Learning fun

Welcome to the Wikiversity learning project for Learning Fun. At Wikiversity we make a fun and productive learning environment that supports the learning goals of Wikiversity participants. Learning should be fun at Wikiversity.

## Reading

* make learning fun by Jon Jenkins and Gerrit Visser.
* Learning can and should be fun! by B. S. Miller.

## Watching

* Stuart Brown: play is more than fun

### Discussion

Wikiversity depends on volunteer editors. Should editing be fun and educational?

## Related pages

* School of Free Learning
* Music and learning
* Wikiversity:Mascot contest
# Learning from conflict and incivility/Jtneill

User:Jtneill
I like groups, diversity, and enjoy the potential of "conflict" for learning and growth. Mostly though, being a somewhat newish custodian, I'm also watching, learning, listening, occasionally doing relatively trivial/neutral edits (e.g., adding categories, copyediting, welcoming users).
I also tend to view behavioural events as largely situationally-determined, and dynamic (e.g., Lewinian "force field" stuff), so tend to find dispositional arguments (e.g., that based on X's behaviours A, B, and C, it is possible to deduce that he/she is dispositionally "good", "evil", etc.) somewhat unconvincing (and to often reveal more about those making the claims than about those about whom such comments might be made).
It's also more interesting entertainment than TV to see storms in teacups. But also, within every teacup is the answer to the universe :)
A sense of humour also wouldn't go astray. (Cormaggio pointed out to me that humour has been used somewhat as a tool of aggression (my word; not his, but I wanted to link to the developing page on aggression) at times during this "period" in Wikiversity. Yes, #1 lesson in humour I learnt to is to make fun of oneself. Much funnier! .
And I have mentioned on the Colloquium about assuming that everyone is "irrational" (Mackay, 2000) as a way to get along (and thereby being pleasantly surprised at rationality), rather than the perpetual disappointment involved in expecting others to behave in ways that suit our own comfort zones.
Oh, and one other observation: the playing of "games". I see it all as a game, a "serious" game. What games are we each playing? Here, I am thinking of Robert S. DeRopp's conceptualisation in his book, "The Master Game". The games he describes are summarised here: http://www.livereal.com/spiritual_arena/spiritual_members/master_game.htm and are divided into:
* The Low Games
* The Neutral Game
* The High Games
What game am I playing? Mostly a neutral game (as are most others), although I am trying to tinker "positively" around the edges. As our collective consciousness evolves, we can reach more into the high games.
User:Jtneill - "lurker"/onlooker
# Learning from conflict and incivility/Salmon of Doubt
## Life is too short

This is a picture of my kitten:
His name was Brooklyn and he was, literally, the best kitten ever.
He died in my arms on Sunday of undiagnosed congestive heart failure at age 5 while we were taking him to the animal hospital.
Life is too short to waste it on garbage.
# List of Universities by Wiki

This page lists wikis that are developed, served, or used by Universities.

## The list of Universities by Wiki
### The list of Wiki Universities

* Wikiversity
* World
* Einstein
* Communist

### The list of Universities by Wiki - English
#### The list of Universities by Wiki - UK

* Aberdeen - NIP
* Arts, London
* Aston - Clipp
* Bath
* Bristol
* Cambridge - Map
* Manchester

#### The list of Universities by Wiki - USA

* Akron
* Alabama/library
* Boston
* Bowling Green
* Brown
* Buffalo - QUB
* Cal State
* CalTech - TCCON
* Coloumbia
* Columbia - WikiScholars
* Cornell/Law - Lexcraft
* Davis - Math jobs
* Florida - HPC
* Georgia Tech - VIP
* Illinois/Physics
* Irvine
* Kansas - ResiliNets
* Kentucky
* UMass - Lowell
* UMass
* McMaster/Biophotonics
* MIT/nanostructures
* Michigan - College of Edu
* Michigan - Minimac
* Michigan - Genome
* Michigan Tech/VPA
* Minnesota
* Minnesota/Library
* Mizzou - Computational Intelligence Research Lab
* North Carolina
* North Carolina - BASS
* Penn/IT - “best practices”
* Pittsburgh - PAWS
* Pittsburg/National - NRBSC
* St Olaf
* San Diego/Neuroscience
* Stanford - JSOC
* Stanford - K12 Lab
* Stanford - MedWiki Secured
* Stanford - Open AFS
* Stanford - Protege
* Stanford - Vista
* Texas
* Texas/Math - Nonlocal Equations
* Tulane - CCS
* Washington
* Western Oregon - TWiki
* Wisconsin/Math

#### The list of Universities by Wiki - Europe

* Geneva - EduTech
* Geneva - CVS

#### The list of Universities by Wiki - Australia

* Canberra - SecEd
* Canberra/Wikiversity
* Technology, Sydney - ProgSoc
* Technology, Sydney - Trac
* Technology, Sydney - Agent
* Queensland - FEZ
* Queensland/BioScience - MD
* Queensland - Matrix
* Queensland/Mech - AGEG

#### The list of Universities by Wiki - Canada

* Brock
* British Columbia
* USask/Geophysics
* Simon Fraser

#### The list of Universities by Wiki - China

* Peking University

#### The list of Universities by Wiki - Finland

* Aalto

#### The list of Universities by Wiki - South Africa

* Stellenbosch
* Nelson Mandela

#### The list of Universities by Wiki - NZ

* Auckland
* Cantebury
* Otago
* Otago - Mobilities
* Victoria - Centre for Academic Development
* Victoria/Engineering
* Waikato/Law

#### The list of Universities by Wiki - Asia

* Seoul/Architecture
* Technology/CS&E, HCMC

#### The list of Universities by Wiki - Games/Fantasy

* Enigma
* Eve
* Fantasy
* Stormwind

### The list of Universities by Wiki - Nodes

* Wikia
* KAREN: for NZ OER and Universities

### The list of Universities by Wiki - Casual

* Creston

### The list of Universities in Film

* Bryden

## Analysis Pages

* ↑ Educational_Wiki/Wikiversity
* ↑ Educational_Wiki/World_University
* ↑ Educational_Wiki/Einstein
* ↑ Educational_Wiki/Communist
# List of Nigerian presidents (both civilian and military) along with their second-in-command from 1960 to 2019
## List of Nigerian presidents (both civilian and military) along with their second-in-command from 1960 to 2019

1.Nnamdi Azikiwe Year: 1960-1963 (Governor-General, then President) Second in Command: Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa
2. Major General Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi - Year: 1966 (Military Head of State) - Second in Command: Vacant (Direct Military Rule)
3.General Yakubu Gowon - Year: 1966-1975 (Military Head of State) - Second in Command: Major General Joseph Edet Akinrinade (Initially), then General Olusegun Obasanjo (After a coup in 1975)
4.General Murtala Ramat Mohammed - Year: 1975-1976 (Military Head of State) - Second in Command: Lieutenant General Olusegun Obasanjo
5.Major General Olusegun Obasanjo - Year: 1976-1979 (Military Head of State) - Second in Command: Brigadier General Shehu Musa Yar'Adua
6.Alhaji Shehu Shagari - Year: 1979-1983 (President) - Second in Command: Dr. Alex Ekwueme
7.Major General Muhammadu Buhari - Year: 1983-1985 (Military Head of State) - Second in Command: Brigadier General Tunde Idiagbon
8.General Ibrahim Babangida - Year: 1985-1993 (Military Head of State) - Second in Command: Rear Admiral Augustus Aikhomu
9.Ernest Shonekan - Year: 1993 (Interim President) - Second in Command: Vacant (Direct Rule by the Military)
10.General Sani Abacha - Year: 1993-1998 (Military Head of State) - Second in Command: Lieutenant General Oladipo Diya
11.General Abdulsalami Abubakar - Year: 1998-1999 (Military Head of State) - Second in Command: Brigadier General Olagunsoye Oyinlola
12.General Olusegun Obasanjo - Year: 1999-2007 (President) - Second in Command: Atiku Abubakar
13.Umaru Musa Yar'Adua - Year: 2007-2010 (President) - Second in Command: Goodluck Jonathan
14.Goodluck Jonathan - Year: 2010-2015 (President) - Second in Command: Namadi Sambo
15.General Muhammadu Buhari - Year: 2015-2023 Vice-president: Professor Yemi Osinbajo
16.Bola Ahmad Tinubu - Year: 2023- till date Vice-president: Kasheem Shettima
* ↑ Author's Name (if available) (Publication Date (if available)). "Title of the Article". The Cable. Retrieved 30 August 2023. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
* ↑ Author's Name (if available) (Publication Date (if available)). [Archive URL (if applicable) "Title of the Webpage"]. Website Name. Archived from the original on Archive Date (if applicable). Retrieved Access Date. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check |archive-url= value (help); Check date values in: |access-date=, |date=, and |archive-date= (help)
* ↑ Author's Name (if available) (Publication Date (if available)). "A Comparison of Buhari's Military Regime and His Civilian Regime". Academia.edu. Retrieved 30 August 2023. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)
* ↑ Author's Name (if available) (Publication Date (if available)). "Title of the Article". CNN. Retrieved 30 August 2023. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help); Check date values in: |date= (help)