# Literature/1946/Orwell

Authors :
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## Reprints

* Davison, Peter, ed. (1998). The Complete Works of George Orwell (Vol. 17: I Belong to the Left: 1945). London: Secker and Warburg, 1998. pp. 421-432.

## Excerpts

* Political language -- and with variations this is true of all political parties, from Conservatives to Anarchists -- is designed to make lies sound truthful and murder respectable, and to give an appearance of solidity to pure wind.

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## Wikimedia
### w: George Orwell

| q: George Orwell#Politics and the English Language (1946) | w: Newspeak w: Basic English |

## Chronology

* Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal Behavior. Acton, Massachusetts: Copley Publishing Group. $^{[^]}$
* Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1953). Philosophical Investigations. Blackwell Publishing. $^{[^]}$
* Hayakawa, S. I. (1949). Language in Thought and Action. Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1949. $^{[^]}$
* Orwell, George (1949). Nineteen Eighty-Four. London: Secker and Warburg, 1949. $^{[^]}$
* Ryle, Gilbert (1949). The Concept of Mind. University Of Chicago Press. $^{[^]}$
* Orwell, George (1946). "Politics and the English Language." Horizon, vol. 13, no. 76 (April), 252-265. $^{[^]}$
* Huxley, Aldous (1940). Words and Their Meanings. The Ward Ritchie Press, 1940. $^{[^]}$
* Chase, Stuart (1938). The Tyranny of Words. Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1938. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1938). World Brain. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co. $^{[^]}$
* Richards, I. A. (1936). The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press. $^{[^]}$
* Korzybski, Alfred (1933). Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics. 5th ed., Institute of General Semantics, 1994. $^{[^]}$
* Magritte, René (1933). The Human Condition (La condition humaine). National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1933). The Shape of Things to Come. Hutchinson. $^{[^]}$
* Huxley, Aldous (1932). Brave New World. Harper Perennial, 1932. $^{[^]}$
* Empson, William (1930). Seven Types of Ambiguity, 2nd ed., London: Chatto & Windus, 1949. $^{[^]}$
* Frank, Jerome (1930). Law and the Modern Mind. Peter Smith, 1930. $^{[^]}$
* Ogden, C. K. (1930). Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar. London: Paul Treber. $^{[^]}$
* Magritte, René (1929). The Treachery of Images (La trahison des images). Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California. $^{[^]}$
* Russell, Bertrand (1926). "The Meaning of Meaning." Dial, vol.81 (August 1926) pp. 114-121. $^{[^]}$
* Ogden, C. K. & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. $^{[^]}$
* Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1922). Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Frank P. Ramsey & C. K. Ogden, trans., Kegan Paul, 1922. $^{[^]}$
* Russell, Bertrand (1921). The Analysis of Mind. London: George Allen & Unwin. $^{[^]}$
* Watson, John B. (1913). "Psychology as the behaviorist views it," Psychological Review, 20, pp. 158-177. $^{[^]}$
* Welby, Victoria Lady (1911). Significs and Language: The Articulate Form of Our Expressive and Interpretive Resources. H. Walter Schmitz, ed., John Benjamins, 1985. $^{[^]}$
* Russell, Bertrand (1905). "On Denoting." Mind, vol. 14, pp. 479-493. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1905). A Modern Utopia. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 2005. $^{[^]}$
* Pavlov, Ivan (1903). "The Experimental Psychology and Psychopathology of Animals." The 14th International Medical Congress, Madrid, Spain, April 23-30, 1903. $^{[^]}$