# Does free-as-in-freedom software endanger proprietary software?

Note: The title of the debate uses "free-as-in-freedom software" title because it is less ambiguous than what is usually called "free software". An alternative term would be FOSS: free/open-source software.

## Free-as-in-freedom software endangers proprietary software
### Pro

* Pro Since GNU GPL is arguably a viral license, one would think it would spread and eventually as if infect all software.
** Objection This is a naive and inconclusive argument, not borne out by experience after decades of success and deployment of free software.
** Objection The license can spread from libraries to applications using the libraries (assuming the kind of linking that makes the license spread), but it is not clear how it can spread from an application to another application. Moreover, the license does not spread from an operating system to applications running on it.
** Objection Permissive free-as-in-freedom licenses are also widely used and, in the viral analogy, are a competing virus blocking the spread of GNU GPL. For instance, Python 3rd party libraries available in PyPI repository are often permissively licensed.
* Pro One does not need proprietary software when one can use open source software. People will often opt for that since unlike proprietary software it is free of cost and has additional benefits like being more secure, being more open to changes, being transparent, and so on.
** Objection Examples listed in the Con section show that the existence of a free-as-in-freedom alternative of properietary software does not automatically harm the proprietary software.
*** Objection It does neither do it "automatically" nor "harm" that software – it just tends to substitute the proprietary software due to multiple benefits like being free of cost, often more advanced, and more secure. There are cases where the advantages of open source software are low such as when competing with advanced freeware. It is not really "harm" to the software if it replaces the software.
* Pro Free software can serve as a tool for businesses: to counterbalance the dominance of a giant company or reduce expenses, and for governments: to promote digital sovereignty. Sponsorship going from those powers for the development of such software can promote human rights protection, in particular if it aims to improve interoperability, sufficiently free communication, security or privacy.
** Objection That reads as an advocacy for free software rather than support for the notion that endagerement actually happens.
*** Objection It is reasoning for why free software can and does substitute proprietary software and therefore endanger proprietary software albeit "endangering" is the wrong terminology.
*** Objection To provide an example of direct attacking proprietary software by the open source one may consider libraries that decrypt DVD and Blu-ray disks.

### Con

* Con Even after all the success of the Linux kernel or a more extended GNU/Linux operating system, Microsoft Windows is still going strong.
** Comment On the other hand, proprietary Unix providers suffered greatly from Linux.
* Con Despite the availability of OpenOffice/LibreOffice and the open specification of the Microsoft office formats, Microsoft Office (Word, Excel, Powerpoint) is still going strong.
* Con Free-as-in-freedom software forces are most active only in some software segments, especially platform/tool segments such as operating system kernels, operating system tools, compilers, non-compiled programming languages, libraries, web browsers, etc. For instance, they are much less active/successful in end user desktop application software.
* Con Expanding on the above. It is not clear how FOSS forces could penetrate firmware for industrial devices.
* Con Expanding on the above, as for business software, Oracle, SAP and Microsoft are still going strong and there does not seem to be anything like a threat from free software.
* Con Expanding on the above, despite the great success of gcc compiler suite and later LLVM (and clang), Microsoft is still supplying its own proprietary compilers.
* Con Expanding on the above, antivirus software does not see any threat from FOSS at all.
* Con Expanding on the above, GIMP did not eliminate Adobe's Photoshop business.
* Con Expanding on the above, GNU Octave did not eliminate MATLAB (Octave aims at MATLAB compatibility).
* Con Expanding on the above, Python's numpy and sympy in Jupyter notebooks did not eliminate proprietary mathematical packages.
* Con Expanding on the above, free Java Virtual Machine (and Java) have not displaced Microsoft's .NET (and C#), although the latter seems much less popular.
* Con Expanding on the above, despite the availability of MySQL and PostgreSQL, Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server database engines are still going strong.
* Con Expanding on the above, even after decades of free software, Apple's App Store is teeming with proprietary paid software and so does Google Play.
* Con Expanding on the above, proprietary games are not endangered in any way.
* Con Expanding on the above, despite the availability of FreeCAD, AutoCAD is still going strong.
* Con Expanding on the above, FreeMind and Freeplane did not eliminate MindManager and other proprietary mind mappers.