OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Terms and Conditions of Purchase or Sale/Resources

| Unit 5.1-Terms and Conditions of Purchase or Sale | Introduction | Modes of Entry | Terms of Sale | Applying Your Knowledge | Commercial Agreements | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Go to Unit 5.1 | Unit 5.2 Return to Trade Finance Module 5: Selecting Payment Methods |

## Resources

FCIB on-line course, International Credit and Risk Management, FIB/NACM Corp, Columbia, MD).
FCIB Online Resource Library: http://www.fcibglobal.com/
Credit Encyclopedia website: http://www.encyclopediaofcredit.com The Global Entrepreneur, James Foley, 2nd Edition, Jamric Press, 2004. Exporting from Start to Finance, Third Edition, L. Wells and K. Dulat Directory of International Trade - 7th Edition –Edward Hinkelman, World Trade Press.
www.worldtradeprese.com US Department of Commerce – www.export.gov International Chamber of Commerce – www.iccwbo.org
ICC Resources - www.iccbooksusa.com
# Terms and Conditions of Purchase or Sale/Summary

| Unit 5.1-Terms and Conditions of Purchase or Sale | Introduction | Modes of Entry | Terms of Sale | Applying Your Knowledge | Commercial Agreements | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Go to Unit 5.1 | Unit 5.2 Return to Trade Finance Module 5: Selecting Payment Methods |

## Summary

It is imperative that an international manager understand the available modes of entry, terms and conditions of sale as well as the methods of payment and their associated risks. Combining this knowledge with an understanding of the components of a commercial contract will allow an international manager to effectively and profitably negotiate the appropriate terms and conditions of sale for the goods or service being transacted. Understanding and knowledge, however, are different than being a legal professional. Therefore, before any contract is signed it is essential to have an attorney review the contract. An international manager’s responsibility is to create business and profits; the attorney provides legal guidance.
# Terms and Conditions of Purchase or Sale

| Unit 5.1-Terms and Conditions of Purchase or Sale | Introduction | Modes of Entry | Terms of Sale | Applying Your Knowledge | Commercial Agreements | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Go to Unit 5.1 | Unit 5.2 Return to Trade Finance Module 5: Selecting Payment Methods |

## Unit 5.1- Terms and Conditions of Purchase or Sale

An international manager may encounter different approaches in working with international customers. Companies may use agents or manufacture representatives, while other companies utilize distributors or wholesalers. These relationships are commonly referred to as the modes of entry. The terms and conditions of the purchase or sale or goods that have been agreed to along with their advantages and disadvantages are important applications in the sales transaction process.
There are three steps:
1. To understand the different modes of entry 2. To learn the commonly used terms of sale including the methods of payment 3. To understand the ways they work within commercial contracts.

### Unit Objective

The goal of this material is to introduce you to the terms and conditions associated with a purchase/ sale in international business and their effect on the different relationships that are established between parties to the transaction, including agents, sales representatives, distributors, licensing, franchising and joint venture partnerships. By the end of this unit you will be able to
* identify terms of purchase/sale.
* identify advantages and disadvantages of terms of purchase/sale.
* identify the different relationships that can be established between buyers and sellers.

### Unit Outline

* Introduction
* Modes of Entry-Relationships
* Terms of Sale – the Advantages and Disadvantages
* Applying your Knowledge of the Advantages and Disadvantages
* Components and Implications of Commercial Agreements
* Summary
* Resources
* Activities
* Assessment
Correlation: Materials from this unit correlate with NASBITE CGCP's Knowledge Statement 04/05/01: Knowledge of terms and conditions of purchase or sale.
# Terms and Conditions of Purchase or Sale/Assessment

| Unit 5.1-Terms and Conditions of Purchase or Sale | Introduction | Modes of Entry | Terms of Sale | Applying Your Knowledge | Commercial Agreements | Summary | Resources | Activities | Assessment Go to Unit 5.1 | Unit 5.2 Return to Trade Finance Module 5: Selecting Payment Methods |
# Abstract algebra in plain view
## Overview

* Overview Note I (H1.pdf)
* Overview Note II (H1.pdf)

## See Also

* Algebra
go to [ Electrical_&_Computer_Engineering_Studies ]
# Academia

This Education resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
# Academic integrity

Educational level: this is a tertiary (university) resource.
Completion status: this resource is ~25% complete.
Academic integrity is the moral code or ethics of academia. This includes values such as avoiding cheating or plagiarism, maintenance of academic standards, and honesty and rigour in research and academic publishing.
This page provides an undergraduate-level introduction to academic and educational integrity. :

## Students

Some examples of educational dishonesty by students:
* Marsden, Carroll, and Neill (2005): N = 954 students enrolled in 12 faculties of 4 Australian universities, self-reported levels of:
** Cheating (41%),
** Plagiarism (81%)
** Falsification (25%)
* The shadow scholar: The man who writes your students' papers tell his story (The Chronicle, 2010)
* Student cheated way into Harvard (SBS World News, 2010)

## Staff

Academic staff are also subject to many potential biases in conducting and communicating about their academic work. For example:
* Study sees a slant in articles on drug (New York Times, 2010) - "experts who were paid by its [drug name] manufacturer have been significantly more likely than others to draw positive conclusions about the drug’s safety and efficacy"
* Medical papers by ghostwriters pushed therapy (Inside Higher Ed, 2009) - "Ghostwriters paid by a pharmaceutical company played a major role in producing 26 scientific papers backing the use of hormone replacement therapy in women, suggesting that the level of hidden industry influence on medical literature is broader than previously known."
* For scientists, an exploding world of pseudo-academia - Academics seduced to submit to fake journals and conferences (New York Times, 2013)

## Summary

* There are counteracting biases in scientific publishing:
** the tendency towards low-power studies which underestimate effects
** the tendency to publish significant over non-significant effects
* Violations of academic integrity are prevalent, from students through researchers and sponsoring institutions and companies
* Education and vigilance is needed to help develop and improve educational and academic integrity
# Abstract Syntax Tree

This learning resources about the generation of an abstract syntax tree from a given document. The learning resource will address the syntactical analysis MediaWiki documents, e.g. in Wikiversity.

## History of Learning Resouce

Learning resource was generated in the context of passes for MarkDown in Markup languages like HTML. Abstract Syntax Trees (AST) are generated when parsers analyse the source code in a specific programming language. The tree structures represent nested environments in a programming language. As an introduction to Compilers Theory we will create an Abstract Syntax Tree (AST) for text document.

## Decomposition of a Document

In a first step we decompose a document into tree nodes. A tree consists of connected tree nodes. A tree is a specific graph in which die nodes (vertices) may have attributes. In our context is
* (Document Node) the root node of the tree is the "document" node. The document node contains the information about the document which was parsed. If we parse the document in Wiki markdown, we would add references and time stamps and version id of the source document, so that JSON file contains the information about the origin of the document. This can be compared with a citation in scientific paper where a certain part of the text in an article refers to source of the cited content.
* (Content Element List) is basically a array of content elements. An array is required because the order of the content elements must be preserved.
* (Content Element) Can be anything from text block to media elements like video, audio or images.
Nested structures can be created by using a "Content Element List" as "Content Element".
** "Sections" a specific "Content Element Lists" that contain a "Title" and "Content Element List" of "paragrapha",
** "Paragraph"
** "Images"
** "Audio"
** "Video"
** "Quiz"
** "Mathematical Expression" - Type-Attribute: inline/block

## Learning Tasks

* Define a JSON structure for Wikiversity Quizzes?
* Try to define a grammar and create your own parser. A good starting point is aPRODUCT grammar for basic mathematical expressions like (4+3)*(8/2) and decompose that into tree. Root node of the tree will be for example a PRODUCT token, that decomposes in to child nodes that are
** an ADDITION and
** a FRACTION
** the addition and fractions decompose into two numbers each. To learn about grammars and parsers you might want to start with online experiments with PEG.JS
* How can you export a Wiki source for a quiz from a JSON?
* What are the benefits and drawbacks of a JSON format for a Wikiversity quiz instead of having the source code available directly as a text file?
* Analyze the concept of a JSON Editor and create Quiz editor that is able to generate
** a quiz for Wikiversity and
** a quiz for the OpenSource library SurveyJS
* (Parser Generator) A parser generator gets as input a Grammar and returns parser ready to use for the defined grammar.
** Use the Open Source parser generator PEG and create a parser in Javascript that decompose the HTML text into the sections.
** Create a JSON of the following structure
# Abstract concept generator/Quiz

Abstract concept generator is a lecture and an article as part of semantics.
You are free to take this quiz based on an abstract concept generator at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{Humanities resources}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* It appears that life forms with central nervous systems of at least 200 gms, or having such complexity are capable of thinking and conceiving in the abstract; i.e., possess an abstract concept generator.
# Astronomy college course/Lunar Phases/Quiz01

This exercise consists of 8 pairs of short quizzes.
# Astronomy college course/Mercury/questions/1

I think that this question/ picture is misleading. First off, I think it would be more important to know what a scarp is. Then, I also don't know what the other words are. Once we are explained what the choices are, then we might be able to make out the picture, however it is doubted because there are many cracks in the picture. -Kiddo96
# Astronomy college course/Lunar Phases/Quiz database

This database contains both the simple.
# BCP/Primula vulgaris/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Primula vulgaris (Common Primrose). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* Anna gdf 17:17, 20 April 2011 (UTC) (last ones)
* Richardofoakshire 12:43, 12 March 2011 (UTC)
* Anna reg 14:56, 8 February 2011 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* SB Johnny-LM 15:56, 16 April 2008 (UTC)
* Anna gdf 12 April 2009 (Photo)
* Anna gdf 04 April 2010 (Photo)
* Anna reg 11:55, 12 April 2010 (UTC)
# BCP/Prunella vulgaris

Prunella vulgaris
| Prunella vulgaris Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Prunella vulgaris (Self-heal, Heal-all) Identifying Characteristics Flowers:Violet petals emerge from between a stack of green bracts.Foliage:Opposite, with petioles, lanceolate.Stem:Hairy, erect, to 40 cm tallLife Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs Jomegat 11:17, 22 June 2010 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer, Mid Summer, Mid Fall
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: June, July, August, September, October New Hampshire: June, July, August , September, October
Additional images:
# BCP/Prunella vulgaris/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Prunella vulgaris (Self-heal, Heal-all). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2007 Logs

* --Jomegat 13:27, 20 July, 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 23:52, 17 August 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 01:30, 3 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 02:18, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 23:06, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 17:24, 25 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 04:09, 8 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:02, 31 October 2007 (UTC)

#### 2008 Logs

* --Jomegat 22:13, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 08:18, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 00:26, 2 July 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 08:44, 2 July 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 12:44, 8 July 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 18:47, 12 July 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:25, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 13:01, 21 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 19:44, 26 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 19:04, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 12:25, 9 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 20:40, 9 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 01:16, 17 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 23:49, 23 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 00:08, 30 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 21:36, 1 September 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 09:14, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 21:02, 29 September 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 20:52, 2 October 2008 (UTC)

#### 2009 Logs

* Jomegat 20:36, 27 June 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 00:52, 15 July 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 23:43, 18 July 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 00:54, 22 July 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 15:50, 26 July 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 03:47, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

##### Recent Logs

* Jomegat 11:17, 22 June 2010 (UTC)
# BCP/Primula vulgaris

Primula vulgaris
| flowers Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Primula vulgaris (Primrose) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs Anna gdf 17:17, 20 April 2011 (UTC) (last ones) Richardofoakshire 12:43, 12 March 2011 (UTC) Anna reg 14:56, 8 February 2011 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) April Zürich: March
Additional images:
# 1000 Songs/We're marching to Zion (Robert Lowry)

We're marching to Zion (Robert Lowry)
1000 Songs
== Text ==By Isaac Watts 1. Come, we that love the Lord, And let our joys be known, Join in a song with sweet accord, Join in a song with sweet accord And thus surround the throne, And thus surround the throne.
2. Let those refuse to sing Who never knew our God, But children of the heav'nly King, But children of the heav'nly King, May speak their joys abroad, May speak their joys abroad.
3. The hill of Zion yields A thousand sacred sweets Before we reach the heav'nly fields, Before we reach the heav'nly fields, Or walk the golden streets, Or walk the golden streets.
4. Then let our songs abound And every tear be dry; We're marching through Immanuel's ground, We're marching through Immanuel's ground, To fairer worlds on high, To fairer worlds on high.
Chorus: We're marching to Zion, Beautiful, beautiful Zion; We're marching upward to Zion, The beautiful city of God.

### Author

Isaac Watts wrote the original verses. Robert Lowry wrote the music and refrain.

### Editor's Choice

== Music == in 6/8 time, very lilting feel. === Tune === Tune: Were Marching to Zion

### Editor's Choice
## Background
### Author biography

Robert Lowry was a composer, minister and professor of literature in America on the east coast. He is accredited with writing over 500 hymns in his lifetime. although he was well known as a hymn writer, he preferred to be known as a preacher. other songs he's known for include: "Nothing But the Blood", "Low in the Grave He Lay", "Shall We Gather at the River", "How Can I Keep from Singing".
# 1000 Songs/We plow the fields and scatter (Matthias Claudius)

We plow the fields and scatter (Matthias Claudius)
1000 Songs
# 1000 Songs/When we were buried with you in baptism (Vespers of Palm Sunday, apolytikion)

When we were buried with you in baptism (Vespers of Palm Sunday)
1000 Songs

## Text

O Christ God, when we were buried with Thee in Baptism, we became deserving of Thy Resurrection to immortal life. Wherefore, we praise Thee, crying: Hosanna in the highest! Blessed is He that cometh in the Name of the Lord.

### Editor's Choice
## Music

The Palm Sunday apolytikion was originally sung in the mixolydian octave species (Tone 4) known as the octoechos.

### Editor's Choice
## Background

An apolytikion is a dismissal hymn which closes Vespers. It is a troparion, a hymn of a single stanza, used in early Byzantine music.

### Historical setting

Jesus' triumphal entry is recorded in all four of the canonical Gospels. The celebration of Palm Sunday in the Eastern church is considered one of the twelve Great Feasts of the liturgical year.

### Cultural setting

Traditionally, Palm Sunday is the celebration of Jesus' triumphal entry into Jerusalem following his raising of Lazarus from the dead. It is considered the beginning of Holy Week and occurs a week before the Feast of Great and Holy Pascha.
# 1000 Songs/What can wash away my sin (Robert Lowry)

What can wash away my sin (Robert Lowry)
1000 Songs

## Text

What can wash away my sin?
Nothing but the blood of Jesus;
What can make me whole again?
Nothing but the blood of Jesus.
O precious is the flow
That makes me white as snow;
No other fount I know,
Nothing but the blood of Jesus.
For my cleansing this I see
Nothing but the blood of Jesus;
For my pardon this my plea
Nothing but the blood of Jesus.
Nothing can for sin atone
Nothing but the blood of Jesus;
Naught of good that I have done
Nothing but the blood of Jesus.
This is all my hope and peace
Nothing but the blood of Jesus;
This is all my righteousness
Nothing but the blood of Jesus.
Now by this I'll overcome
Nothing but the blood of Jesus;
Now by this I'll reach my home
Nothing but the blood of Jesus.

### Author

Robert Lowry

### Editor's Choice
## Music
### Arrangements

Public Domain Chart

### Editor's Choice
## Background
### Author biography

Lowry was born in Philadelphia, PA on March 12, 1826. He was known as being a great musician as well as a great preacher, who was very brilliant and also very humorous. Although he is known for being a great composer, his greatest desire was his preaching, however his songs have gone to live on even after his death.

### Author's circumstances

After the death of a William B. Bradbury, owner of a well-developed music publishing company, Lowry was asked to take part in this publishing company. In his growth in musical influence, Lowry grew in his studies as well. He sought knowledge from some of the best musical textbooks, and obtained copies of some of the best musical compositions.
When asked "Do you write the words to fit the music, or the music to fit the words?" Lowry said:
"I have no method. Sometimes the music comes and the words follow, fitted insensibly to the melody. I watch my moods, and when anything good strikes me, whether words or music, and no matter where I am, at home or on the street, I jot it down. Often the margin of a newspaper or the back of an envelope serves as a notebook. My brain is a sort of spinning machine, I think, for there is music running through it all the time. I do not pick out my music on the keys of an instrument. The tunes of nearly all the hymns I have written have been completed on paper before I tried them on the organ. Frequently the words of the hymn and the music have been written at the same time."
# 1000 Songs/What new mystery then is this (Melito of Sardis)

What new mystery then is this (Melito of Sardis)
1000 Songs
# 1000 Songs/When Jesus Wept (William Billings)

When Jesus Wept (William Billings)
1000 Songs

## Text
### Author

William Billings 1746-1800

### Translations/Challenges

None (American Hymn)

### Editor's Choice
## Music
### Tune

When Jesus Wept, in Long Meter

### Arrangements

Text with vocal chart here; however second and third stanzas seems to have been added in by another author.

### Editor's Choice
## Background
### Author biography

Born in Boston in 1746, Billings was a tanner by trade and a self-taught musician. Billings purportedly wrote "the first collection of music entirely by an American" which is called New England Psalm-Singer. Click here for a good website to read about Billings' music career and reflections from other musical authors and articles. It is said (from multiple sources including Wikipedia and this link)that he was described as a gargoyle by others in his time, with him having one eye, a short leg and a withered arm.