OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Electric Circuit Analysis/Circuit Analysis - Lab1

* Home Laboratory Exercise
* The Grand Idea:
* Home Laboratory Exercises should be simple and safe enough for students to perform on their own. At the same time they should help the student to understand the underlying concepts of Electrical Engineering.
* This means that HLEs can only be confined to low voltage experiments for safety purposes. Students are seriously discouraged from tampering with the mains at home. This could be fatal!
* Current Situation:
* At this point in time, Wikiversity is not able to offer HLEs as this feature is still very experimental. There are many other issues to be considered before embarking on this project.
* Into The Near Future:
* It is the sincere hope and wish of active participants in this course - and many other similar courses - that Wikiversity may soon host a Remote Laboratory Server where students can perform experiments in a virtual laboratory in real time.
* In the mean time, here is what you can do to further your knowledge in electrical engineering.
Course Navigation: This page in this course
Lessons in Electric Circuit Analysis
Lesson #1:
Passive Sign Convention
Lesson #2:
Simple Resistive Circuits
Lesson #3:
Resistors in Series
Lesson #4:
Resistors in Parallel
Quiz Test:
Circuit Analysis Quiz 1
Lesson #5:
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
Lesson #6:
Kirchhoff's Current Law
Lesson #7:
Nodal Analysis
Lesson #8:
Mesh Analysis
Quiz Test:
Circuit Analysis Quiz 2
Home Laboratory:
Circuit Analysis - Lab1← You are here :
* Part:1 Start-up Guide
* Here are a few things you can do to further your self in Electrical Engineering:
* Subscribe to an electronics/electrical engineering hobby magazine (or you could get one at your local library)
* Use the Internet (there are many blogs dedicated to Electrical Engineering and related hobbies)
* Get yourself a Beginners Electronics Kit, which may include the following:
* Electronics Tool Box.
* Digital Multimeter.
* Soldering Iron.
* Soldering wire.
* A batch of Resistors, Diodes, etc...
* Take an active interest in your surroundings (look around and try to identify electrical installations in your area).
* Part:2
* Further Reading & External Links
* Remote Electronics laboratory
* Circuit Analysis II
* The following topics (and more) will be covered in Electric Circuits Analysis Level II:
* Phasor Notation.
* Superposition Theorem.
* Thevenin Theorem.
* Norton Theorem.
* Two Terminal Method.
* Where to from here?
* Thank you for taking part in this course. It is hoped that you have greatly benefited from it. Good luck!
* Please visit the Department home page for a list of other available courses in Electrical Engineering.
* Department Of Electrical Engineering
* Wikiversity
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# Electric Circuit Analysis/Kirchhoff's Current Law/Answers

Exercise 6: Answers
Model Answer
From The Diagram
From Node b we get:
$V_{b}=-V_{1}=-15V$
From Node d we get:
$V_{d}=V_{2}=-7V$
It is clear that we must solve V_c, in order to complete Voltage definitions at all nodes. V_c will be found by applying KCL at Node c and solving resulting equations Follows:
$i_{3}=i_{1}+i_{2}$
${\frac {V_{c}}{R_{3}}}={\frac {V_{b}-V_{c}}{R_{1}}}+{\frac {V_{d}-V_{c}}{R_{2}}}$
We can group like terms to get the following equation:
$V_{c}({\frac {1}{R_{1}}}+{\frac {1}{R_{2}}}+{\frac {1}{R_{3}}})={\frac {V_{b}}{R_{1}}}+{\frac {V_{d}}{R_{2}}}$
Substitute values into previous equations you get:
$V_{c}({\frac {1}{20\Omega }}+{\frac {1}{5\Omega }}+{\frac {1}{10\Omega }})={\frac {-15V}{20\Omega }}+{\frac {-7V}{5\Omega }}$
$V_{c}(0.35)=-2.15$ thus $V_{c}=-6.14V$
Thus now we can calculate Current through $R_{3}$ as follows:
${\begin{matrix}\ I_{R3}&=&{\frac {V_{c}}{R_{3}}}\\\ \\\ &=&{\frac {-6.14}{10}}\\\ \\\ &=&-0.614A\end{matrix}}$.
Thus the effective current through $R_{3}$ is in opposite direction to $i_{3}$ Just as we expected! :
# COVID-19/All-cause deaths/Austria

Weekly all-cause deaths in Austria, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv, 3-week moving average:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay.
Weekly all-cause deaths in Austria for 0-14 year olds, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv, 7-week moving average:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay.
All-cause deaths in Austria in weeks 1-17, year by year, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay. The above is not adjusted by population size.
All-cause deaths in Austria in weeks 40+ the year before and weeks 1-17 of the year, year by year, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay. The above is not adjusted by population size.
All-cause death excess percentage in Austria, year by year, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv:
Above, the minimum over previous last 5 years is taken as the baseline against which the excess is calculated, and the last year is dropped as incomplete.
Script oneliners to update the charts:
* plotHmd.py stmf.csv AUT DTotal 3 --svg
* plotHmd.py stmf.csv AUT D0_14 7 --svg
* plotHmdPerYear.py stmf.csv AUT DTotal
* plotHmdPerSeason.py stmf.csv AUT DTotal
* plotHmdExcessDeathPercPerYear.py stmf.csv AUT DTotal 5 --svg
See also:
External links:
* mpidr.shinyapps.io/stmortality
* Graphs and maps — EUROMOMO, euromomo.eu - mortality monitoring in Europe
* Comparisons of all-cause mortality between European countries and regions: January to June 2020, ons.gov.uk
* W:COVID-19 pandemic in Austria, wikipedia.org
# COVID-19/All-cause deaths/Bulgaria

Weekly all-cause deaths in Bulgaria, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv, 3-week moving average:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay.
Weekly all-cause deaths in Bulgaria for 0-14 year olds, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv, 7-week moving average:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay.
All-cause deaths in Bulgaria in weeks 1-15, year by year, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay. The above is not adjusted by population size.
All-cause deaths in Bulgaria in weeks 40+ the year before and weeks 1-15 of the year, year by year, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay. The above is not adjusted by population size.
All-cause death excess percentage in Bulgaria, year by year, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv:
Above, the minimum over previous last 5 years is taken as the baseline against which the excess is calculated, and the last year is dropped as incomplete.
Script oneliners to update the charts:
* plotHmd.py stmf.csv BGR DTotal 3 --svg
* plotHmd.py stmf.csv BGR D0_14 7 --svg
* plotHmdPerYear.py stmf.csv BGR DTotal
* plotHmdPerSeason.py stmf.csv BGR DTotal
* plotHmdExcessDeathPercPerYear.py stmf.csv BGR DTotal 5 --svg
See also:
External links:
* mpidr.shinyapps.io/stmortality
* Comparisons of all-cause mortality between European countries and regions: January to June 2020, ons.gov.uk
* W:COVID-19 pandemic in Bulgaria, wikipedia.org
# COVID-19/All-cause deaths/Arizona

Weekly all-cause deaths in Arizona from U.S. CDC data:
Script oneliner to update the chart:
See also:
Links:
* CDC excess deaths, cdc.gov
* Arizona | The COVID Tracking Project, covidtracking.com
* COVID-19 pandemic in Arizona, wikipedia.org
# COVID-19/All-cause deaths/Belgium

Weekly all-cause deaths in Belgium, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv, 3-week moving average:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay.
Weekly all-cause deaths in Belgium for 0-14 year olds, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv, 7-week moving average:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay.
Observation: The above final drop in the values could result from very pronounced registration delay, not visible to this degree for other countries; could it be something else?
All-cause deaths in Belgium in weeks 1-16, year by year, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay. The above is not adjusted by population size.
All-cause deaths in Belgium in weeks 40+ the year before and weeks 1-16 of the year, year by year, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay. The above is not adjusted by population size.
All-cause death excess percentage in Belgium, year by year, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv:
Above, the minimum over previous last 5 years is taken as the baseline against which the excess is calculated, and the last year is dropped as incomplete.
Script oneliners to update the charts:
* plotHmd.py stmf.csv BEL DTotal 3
* plotHmd.py stmf.csv BEL D0_14 7
* plotHmdPerYear.py stmf.csv BEL DTotal
* plotHmdPerSeason.py stmf.csv BEL DTotal
* plotHmdExcessDeathPercPerYear.py stmf.csv BEL DTotal 5
See also:
External links:
* mpidr.shinyapps.io/stmortality
* Graphs and maps — EUROMOMO, euromomo.eu - mortality monitoring in Europe
* Comparisons of all-cause mortality between European countries and regions: January to June 2020, ons.gov.uk
* W:COVID-19 pandemic in Belgium, wikipedia.org
# COVID-19/All-cause deaths/Bolivia

Monthly all-cause deaths in Bolivia, based on World Mortality Dataset data, world_mortality.csv:
All-cause death excess percentage in Bolivia, year by year, based on the same data as above:
Above, the minimum over previous last 3 years is taken as the baseline against which the excess is calculated, and the last year is dropped as incomplete.
Script oneliner to update the chart:
* plotWmd.py world_mortality.csv BOL
* plotWmd.py world_mortality.csv BOL --ep 3
See also:
External links:
* World Mortality Dataset at akarlinsky, hithub.com
* W:COVID-19 pandemic in Bolivia, wikipedia.org
# COVID-19/All-cause deaths/Australia

Weekly all-cause deaths in Australia, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv, 3-week moving average:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay.
Weekly all-cause deaths in Australia for 0-14 year olds, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv, 7-week moving average:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay.
All-cause deaths in Australia in weeks 1-6, year by year, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay. The above is not adjusted by population size.
All-cause deaths in Australia in weeks 40+ the year before and weeks 1-6 of the year, year by year, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv:
mortality.org indicates the data for the last weeks to be preliminary; above, the last two weeks available from mortality.org were excluded to prevent the worst effect of registration delay. The above is not adjusted by population size.
All-cause death excess percentage in Australia, year by year, based on mortality.org data, stmf.csv:
Above, the minimum over previous last 5 years is taken as the baseline against which the excess is calculated, and the last year is dropped as incomplete.
Script oneliners to update the charts:
* plotHmd.py stmf.csv AUS DTotal 3 --svg
* plotHmd.py stmf.csv AUS D0_14 7 --svg
* plotHmdPerYear.py stmf.csv AUS DTotal
* plotHmdPerSeason.py stmf.csv AUS DTotal
* plotHmdExcessDeathPercPerYear.py stmf.csv AUS DTotal 5 --svg
See also:
External links:
* mpidr.shinyapps.io/stmortality
* W:COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, wikipedia.org
# Genetics/CLEC2D

C-type lectin domain family 2 member D is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CLEC2D gene. It is called C-type lectin-like because it has lost the Ca2+-dependent carbohydrate recognition domain present in most conventional C-type lectins while maintaining partial structural similarities. It is one of six genes located in human chromosome region 12p13.31. Several CLEC2D gene transcripts have been described. They are expressed primarily in hematopoietic cells. Lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1) is expressed on the surface of natural killer cells and some T-cells. Its ligand is CD161.
# Genetics/Cancers
## Readings

* Study guide:
* Wikipedia article: Oncogenes

## Dominant Mutations in Oncogenes

Dominant mutations in oncogenes usually disrupt or constitutively activate signaling pathways that inform the cell about its environment. A mutation in an oncogene protein or a large excess of the normal protein makes it insensitive to upstream members of the pathway, which leads to constitutive activation of the pathway and unrestrained proliferation. These mutations are usually not inherited and arise during somatic growth.
Oncogenes can also be activated by insertion of a retrovirus at a nearby chromosome location.

## Recessive Mutations
### Tumor Suppressor Genes

Tumor suppressor gene mutations are mutations in signaling pathways or cell cycle progression which regulate cell cycle production. This type of cancer appears to be inherited as a dominant trait even though the original mutant is recessive.

## p53 Mutations

P53 is a tumor suppressor gene. P53 functions as a checkpoint to prevent commitment to S phase if there is unrepaired DNA damage. If there is unrepaired damage, p53 activates production of the p21 gene and this prevents the cyclin/cdk complex from initiating S. If the damage remains unrepaired, p53 causes apoptosis in the cell, eliminating potential mutagenic effects.
# Genetics/General overview
## Lectures and Learning Material

    Lesson 1: Gene Regulation in Prokaryotes
    Lesson 2: Gene Regulation in Eukaryotes
    Lesson 3: Genetics of Cancer
    Lesson 4: Drosophila Sex Determination
    Lesson 5: Genetic Control in Drosophila Patterning
$_{AstaughtbyProf.StevenBeckendorf@theUniversityofCaliforniaBerkeleyintheFall2006Semester.}$
# Genetics/CD161

Killer cell lectin-like receptor subfamily B, member 1, also known as KLRB1, NKR-P1A or CD161 (cluster of differentiation 161), is a human gene.
NKR-P1A, the receptor encoded by the KLRB1 gene, recognizes Lectin Like Transcript-1 (LLT1) as a functional ligand.
# Genetics/Course/Mutations

Mutations are changes in DNA that affect the order of nitrogen bases. Mutagens are factors in the environment that causes mutations.

## Changes in chromosome structure

Chromosome mutations are changes in genetic material that involve entire chromosomes or pieces of them.
* Deletion occurs when one or more genes may be lost entirely during division if crossover during meiosis is unequal.
* Duplication results when the unequal crossover causes a duplication in some of the genes.
* Translocation occurs when a piece of chromosome attaches to a chromosome in a different pair.
* Inversion occurs when a piece of a chromosome breaks free and reattaches itself in a reverse order.
# Genetics/CD69

CD69 (Cluster of Differentiation 69) is a human transmembrane C-Type lectin protein encoded by the CD69 gene. It is one of six genes located in human chromosome region 12p13.31. CD69 is expressed on activated T-cells and B-cells. Its induction stimulates TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 synthesis and down regulates immune response.
# EuroLex/E/Tory

Tory
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: n. 2 'a member of the Conservative Party'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | Tory | 19c | the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | ... | status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | '...' | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | Tory [= English] | 19c | the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | dito | ... |
| French | ... | ... | status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Tory [to:ri] | 19c | the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | tory [= English] | beg19c | the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | Tory | 18c | the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | Tory [= English] | mid19c | the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | dito | ... |
| Polish | torys [toris] | mid19c | the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | dito | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | Tory [tori] | mid19c | the same as in English, see above, status: known as a foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | dito | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Tourism

tourism
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: n. 'the organization and operation of (esp. foreign) holidays, esp. as a commercial enterprise'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | toerisme | 19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | turisimi | 20c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| French | tourisme | 19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Tourismus | ... | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English / word comes from other source than English: Latin | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | turizmus [turizmu∫] | 20c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English / word comes from other source than English: French | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | turisme [turisme] | 1930s | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | turismo | end19c | the same as in English, see above, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |