OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brezhoneg Pevar/Lesson 4

The Preterite Tense
For definitions, see Brezhoneg Daoù/Lesson 3
Tables
Verb Bezañ (To be) - Preterite
Preterite Tense Personal formPreterite Tense Impersonal formContinuous Tense Personal formContinuous Tense Impersonal formSituation TenseEnglish meaning
e voen
me a voe
I was (once)
e voes
te a voe
You were once (sg.)
e voe
eñ a voe
He was once
e voe
hi a voe
She was once
e voemp
ni a voe
We were once
e voec'h
c'hwi a voe
You were once (pl.)
e voent
int a voe
They were once
e voed
Impersonal passive
Regular Verb Skrivañ (To write) - Preterite
Preterite Tense Personal formPreterite Tense Impersonal formWith auxiliary Personal formEnglish meaning
ul levr a skrivis
me a skrivas ul levr
skrivañ a ris ul levr
I wrote a book
ul levr a skrivout
te a skrivas ul levr
skrivañ a rejout ul levr
You wrote a book (sg.)
ul levr a skrivas
eñ a skrivas ul levr
skrivañ a reas ul levr
He wrote a book
ul levr a skrivas
hi a skrivas ul levr
skrivañ a reas ul levr
She wrote a book
ul levr a skrivomp
ni a skrivas ul levr
skrivañ a rejomp ul levr
We wrote a book
ul levr a skrivoc'h
c'hwi a skrivas ul levr
skrivañ a rejoc'h ul levr
You wrote a book (pl.)
ul levr a skrivont
int a skrivas ul levr
skrivañ a rejont ul levr
They wrote a book
ul levr a skrivod
skrivañ a rejod ul levr
Impersonal passive
The Future Tense
Tables
Verb Bezañ (To be) - Future
Future Tense Personal formFuture Tense Impersonal formContinuous Tense Personal formContinuous Tense Impersonal formSituation TenseEnglish meaning
e vin (vezin)
me a vo
I shall be
e vi (vezi)
te a vo
You will be (sg.)
e vo (vezo)
eñ a vo
He will be
e vo (vezo)
hi a vo
She will be
e vimp (vezimp)
ni a vo
We shall be
e viot (vezot)
c'hwi a vo
You will be (pl.)
e vint (vezint)
int a vo
They will be
e vior (vezor)
Impersonal passive
Regular Verb Skrivañ (To write) - Future
Future Tense Personal formFuture Tense Impersonal formWith auxiliary Personal formEnglish meaning
ul levr a skrivin
me a skrivo ul levr
skrivañ a rin ul levr
I shall write a book
ul levr a skrivi
te a skrivo ul levr
skrivañ a ri ul levr
You will write a book (sg.)
ul levr a skrivo
eñ a skrivo ul levr
skrivañ a raio (ray) ul levr
He will write a book
ul levr a skrivo
hi a skrivo ul levr
skrivañ a raio (ray) ul levr
She will write a book
ul levr a skrivimp
ni a skrivo ul levr
skrivañ a raimp ul levr
We shall write a book
ul levr a skrivot
c'hwi a skrivo ul levr
skrivañ a reot ul levr
You will write a book (pl.)
ul levr a skrivint
int a skrivo ul levr
skrivañ a raint ul levr
They will write a book
ul levr a skrivor
skrivañ a reor ul levr
Impersonal passive
Exercises/Ober
Self training
Now , you have seen how its done.
Take the verbs from Brezhoneg Daoù/Lesson 1 and write them down if you havent already.
Now change them into their Preterite tense and Future tense.
Now underneath , make some sentences up , for each verb. EG. Me a zo er skol o teskiñ kembraeg (I learn welsh in school). Me a vo er skol evid teskiñ kembraeg (I will learn welsh in school).
Quiz
Go to the quiz :
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# Brezhoneg Pevar/Lesson 5

User:Luzmael/Teacher availability/template
* Exercises
* Go to the Quiz
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# Brezhoneg Tri

Brezhoneg Tri :
| Brezhoneg The talisman, Paul Sérusier Brezhoneg Tri "Brezhoneg Tri" is a course in the Breton Department. In this Beginner's course, students are introduced to simple vocabulary, how to structure a Breton sentence and some basic phrases for a simple conversation. | Breizh o veva (Brittany alive) Fest noz in Brittany  Listen ! Brittany is a Celtic country rich in its cultural heritage. Though long under the control of France and influenced by French traditions, Brittany has retained and, since the early seventies, revived its own folk music, modernizing and adapting it into folk rock and other fusion genres. Kan ha diskan (roughly translated as call and response singing) is probably the most common type of Breton vocal music, and is the most typical style to accompany dance music. It has become perhaps the most integral part of the Breton roots revival, and was the first genre of Breton music to gain some mainstream success, both in Brittany and abroad. Undoubtedly the most famous name in modern Breton music is Alan Stivell. Inspired by Stivell, a very large Breton scene grew up. It was a true revolution: hundred of bands, thousand of musicians, of Festoù-noz, etc. grew in the year after. Since then, a new scene of Breton songwriters appeared in Brittany (Nolwenn Korbell, Dom Duff, ...). |
| Lessons Kentel kentañ: Possession Eilved kentel: Position Teirved kentel: Identity Pederved kentel: More tenses Pempved kentel: Dialogue | Breizh o veva (Brittany alive) Fest noz in Brittany  Listen ! Brittany is a Celtic country rich in its cultural heritage. Though long under the control of France and influenced by French traditions, Brittany has retained and, since the early seventies, revived its own folk music, modernizing and adapting it into folk rock and other fusion genres. Kan ha diskan (roughly translated as call and response singing) is probably the most common type of Breton vocal music, and is the most typical style to accompany dance music. It has become perhaps the most integral part of the Breton roots revival, and was the first genre of Breton music to gain some mainstream success, both in Brittany and abroad. Undoubtedly the most famous name in modern Breton music is Alan Stivell. Inspired by Stivell, a very large Breton scene grew up. It was a true revolution: hundred of bands, thousand of musicians, of Festoù-noz, etc. grew in the year after. Since then, a new scene of Breton songwriters appeared in Brittany (Nolwenn Korbell, Dom Duff, ...). |
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# Brezhoneg Tri/Lesson 3

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# Brezhoneg Tri/Lesson 4

The Imperfect Tense
For definitions, see Brezhoneg Daoù/Lesson 3
Tables
Verb Bezañ (To be) - Imperfect
Imperfect Tense Personal formImperfect Tense Impersonal formContinuous Tense Personal formContinuous Tense Impersonal formSituation TenseEnglish meaning
e oan
me a oa
e vezen
me a veze
edon
I was
e oas
te a oa
e vezes
te a veze
edos
You were (sg.)
e oa
eñ a oa
e veze
eñ a veze
edo
He was
e oa
hi a oa
e veze
hi a veze
edo
She was
e oamp
ni a oa
e vezemp
ni a veze
edomp
We were
e oac'h
c'hwi a oa
e vezec'h
c'hwi a veze
edoc'h
You were (pl.)
e oant
int a oa
e vezent
int a veze
edont
They were
e oad
e vezed
edod
Impersonal passive
Regular Verb Skrivañ (To write) - Imperfect
Imperfect Tense Personal formImperfect Tense Impersonal formWith auxiliary Personal formEnglish meaning
ul levr a skriven
me a skrive ul levr
skrivañ a raen ul levr
I wrote a book
ul levr a skrives
te a skrive ul levr
skrivañ a raes ul levr
You wrote a book (sg.)
ul levr a skrive
eñ a skrive ul levr
skrivañ a rae ul levr
He wrote a book
ul levr a skrive
hi a skrive ul levr
skrivañ a rae ul levr
She wrote a book
ul levr a skrivemp
ni a skrive ul levr
skrivañ a raemp ul levr
We wrote a book
ul levr a skrivec'h
c'hwi a skrive ul levr
skrivañ a raec'h ul levr
You wrote a book (pl.)
ul levr a skrivent
int a skrive ul levr
skrivañ a raent ul levr
They wrote a book
ul levr a skrived
skrivañ a raed ul levr
Impersonal passive
The Imperative Tense
Tables
Verb Bezañ (To be) - Imperative
Imperative Tense Personal formEnglish meaning
bez
be (sg.)
bezet
let him be
bezet
let her be
bezomp
let us be
bezit
be (pl.)
bezent
let them be
Regular Verb Skrivañ (To write) - Imperative
Imperative Tense Personal formEnglish meaning
skriv
write (sg.)
skrivet
let him write
skrivet
let her write
skrivomp
let us write
skrivit
write (pl.)
skrivent
let them write
Exercises/Ober
Self training
Now , you have seen how its done.
Take the verbs from Brezhoneg Daoù/Lesson 1 and write them down if you havent already.
Now change them into their Imperfect tense and Imperative tense.
Now underneath , make some sentences up , for each verb. EG. Me a zo er skol o teskiñ kembraeg (I learn welsh in school). Me a veze er skol o teskiñ kembraeg (I learned welsh in school).
Quiz
Go to the quiz :
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# Brezhoneg Pevar/Lesson 1

User:Luzmael/Teacher availability/template
Barzhonegoù / Poems :
| Brezhoneg Lagad an Heol — Heol ! Perak out ken diwezhat o tiblouz ? Ha perak eo ken ruz da lagad ? Ha bet ac’h eus en noz-mañ ur gwall-hunvre, En deus graet dit leñvañ dre da hun ? — Na hun na hunvre na fall na mat. Beilhet am eus an noz-pad… Tra ma kouske ar c’hornôg dibled war ludu louet e lore me ’m eus graet tro an Douar. Ha gwelet am eus tud o vervel gant an naon. Gwelet ’m eus tud o vervel gant ar riv. Gwelet tud o vervel gant an dic’hoanag. Gwelet am eus tud o lazhañ tud, breudeur o ’n em dagañ. Gwelet ’m eus pobloù mac’het. Gwelet ur penntiern meur o kouezhañ dindan boled ur foll. Gwelet forzh tud o leñvañ : Ha chomet on bepred digas… Gwelet ’m eus, avat, tud o c’hoarzhin goap ouzh ar re zo er boan, Ouzh ar re zo en dienez Ouzh ar re zo dindan ar yev. Ha neuze am eus ranket leñvañ, Ma ’z eo ruz c’hoazh va lagad. — Heol ! Sec’h bremañ da zaeroù ! Mor-Breizh, emberr, a vo dous D’az lagad ruz hag entanet… Ur beure goañv 1964 Orin | English The sun's eye — Sun, why are you so late getting up? And why is your eye so red? Did you have a nightmare And weep in your sleep? — I've neither slept nor dreamt. During the night I've kept watch, While the West slept without a care On the grey ashes of its laurels, I took a trip around the World. — Sun! What did you see on your way? — I saw people dying of cold. I saw people dying of hunger. Saw people dying in despair. Saw people killing people, brothers striking each other. Saw people oppressed. Saw a great leader falling under a madman's bullets. Saw I don't know how many people weeping. And I still remained indifferent. I saw people jeer at their afflicted brother, At those in need, At those under the yoke. Then, however, I had to weep, So that my eye is still red. — Sun! Stop your weeping now. Very soon in the Breton Sea, You will soak your inflamed eye. May 1964. Source |
Geriadur / Vocabulary
BrezhonegEnglish
Lagad
Eye
Diblouz
Ruz
Red
Gwall-hunvre
Nightmare
Exercises
Go to the Quiz :
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# Brezhoneg Pevar/Lesson 3

User:Luzmael/Teacher availability/template
Liester / Plural
UnanderLiesterEnglish
Mamm
Mammoù
Mother, mothers
Tad
Tadoù
Father
Breur
Breudeur
Brother
C'hoar
C'hoarezed
Sister
Aval
Avaloù
Apple
Lestr
Listri
Ship
Mab
Mibien
Son
Den
Tud
People
Internal plurals
Some names have a plural that changes the internal vowels of the name.
lestr, listri (ship)
legestr, ligistri (lobster)
mab, mibien (son)
Numerals and Plural
There is no plural after a numeral :
Daoù baotr, div blac'h,
tri mab, teir merc'h,
pevar mevel, peder matezh,
pemp bro,
ugent aval,
daoù zen warn-ugent (22 persons)
tri den ha tregont (33 persons)
Dual words
Parts of the body may have a "dual" name :
Lagad, daoulagad (eye)
skouarn, divskouarn (ear)
glin, daoulin (lap)
dorn, daouarn (hand)
gar, divhar (leg)
These dual forms may have a plural (eg. daoulagadoù).
Collective names and singulative forms
Some names have a collective meaning and may have a "singular" form.
Geot (grass), geotenn (blade of grass)
Gwez (tree), gwezenn ( a specific tree)
kouevr (copper), kouevrenn (a piece of copper)
The singulative forms are feminine and act as a singular form.
Hence, they may have a plural : geotennoù (blades of grass).
Exercises
Ex 1 : Quiz
Go to the Quiz.
Ex 2 : Memory training
Write out the Breton words, section by section.
Have 2 columns, clearly separated, and write Breton and English. Then cover up one column (eg. English) with paper and write the corresponding words on the paper.
Then try it the other way round, cover up the Breton, and write out the words using the English as cues. This will be a little bit more difficult.
Repeat all this after an interval, the more you do it the easier you will remember the words. :
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# Brezhoneg Tri/Lesson 1

User:Luzmael/Teacher availability/template
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# Brezhoneg Pevar/Lesson 2

Language classification: this is a Breton language resource.
Completion status: this resource is ~50% complete.
User:Luzmael/Teacher availability/template
E ker / In town
BrezhonegEnglish
Mond a ran e ker war velo.
I go to town biking (on a bike).
Braz eo ker Dañjerus e vez ar ruioù.
The town is large The streets are dangerous.
Kalz a otoioù a zo e ker. Taolomp evezh !
There a re a lot of cars in town. Let's be careful !
Gwelloc'h eo diskenn. Deomp war droad !
It's better to climb down. Let's walk !
News from town for my love who stayed home
Excerpt from a song by Nolwenn Korbell
BrezhonegEnglish
O vale 'n ur gêr vras pell deus ar gêr.
Walking in a big town far from home.
O kerzhout 'touez an dud trouzus 'vel yer.
Among people noisy as hens.
O c'hortoz 'lakfe 'n den e zilhad gwer.
Waiting for the man to put his green clothes.
O treuziñ straedoù ledan 'vel kant stêr
Crossing streets large as hundred rivers
Ne sonjan nemet ennoc'h, ne sonjan nemet ennoc'h.
I only think of you, I only think of you.
[Song]
Exercises
Ex 1 : Quiz
Go to the Quiz.
Ex 2 : Memory training
Write out the Breton words, section by section.
Have 2 columns, clearly separated, and write Breton and English. Then cover up one column (eg. English) with paper and write the corresponding words on the paper.
Then try it the other way round, cover up the Breton, and write out the words using the English as cues. This will be a little bit more difficult.
Repeat all this after an interval, the more you do it the easier you will remember the words. :
| previous lesson | previous page | next page | lesson intro | next lesson | Department | Division |
# Aquaculture

Aquaculture broadly refers to the cultivation of aquatic flora and fauna in a controlled and modified environment to specifically enhance the growth, quantity and . Aquaculture is categorised in any number of ways, a common one being based on water salinity. Others take the species cultivated or extent of human control exerted into consideration. Based on water salinity the three categories include
* Freshwater (cultivation in inland freshwater rivers, ponds,lakes or aquarium)
* Mariculture (In the sea with the use of cages and pens)
* Brackishwater ( in the estuaries where salinity fluctuation occurs between 5-25 parts per thousand (ppt)

## Subpages
### Types

* Mariculture
* Freshwater

### Misc

* Tasks
* NSW Fisheries

## Forms of Aquaculture
### Algaculture

Based on the extent of control
* Extensive (with very little human interference, such as no artificial feed or aeration)
* Semi-intensive (some form of interference through addition of commercial pelleted feed, or fertilization of water body to enhance the productivity of the system, and the stocking density is not very high)
* Intensive ( All factors are controlled including, aeration, use of commercial pellet feed and a very high stocking density)

### Prawn farming

Sea prawn farming may be a lucrative business but the project requires a large track of land, access to sea water and sea water piping for irrigation and waste water management. Generally there are three stages involving the use of sea water. First, sea water has to be pumped into a retention pond with compartments for sediment to settle and to filter off impurities. Next, the treated sea water is transferred into breeding ponds which are usually divided into smaller cells of half a hectare in size. Finally, the waste water from each cell has to be treated before being discharged into the river or before being re-used.
# Aquaculture/Mariculture/Algaculture

Seaweed has been cultured for decades (probably longer) along the coastlines of nations including China, Korea and Japan. Since the 1980's, much of the seaweed production from other asian nations has been harvested from wild stocks however in nations including the Philippines and Indonesia limited culture has taken place. Seaweed is harvested throughout the world as a food source as well as an export commodity for the production of agar and other derivative products.
Demand for seaweed and seaweed products has been greater than supply since the 1970's hence cultivation has since been viewed as the most effective means to increase production. Since this time seaweed farming has become increasingly economically viable and profitable and as a consequence its expansion has accelerated. It has been suggested that the farming of seaweed is both a means to improve economic conditions in developing nations and a means to reduce fishing pressures (this latter point seems to be related to the fact that seaweed provides protection and food to a variety of species ranging from snails to dugongs).
Although not a complete or totally comprehensive explanation on farming seaweed the following manual is a good resource for anyone interested in the methodologies required to successfully farm seaweed: Manual on Seaweed Farming

## Links

* Ocean Vegetables - Harvesting Seaweed
* University of Tasmania - Kelp Watch
# Aquaculture/Mariculture/Farming Sharks
### About the Lesson

| Title: | Farming Sharks |
| Objective: | To comprehend shark farming around the world. |
| Length: | 1 short period (10 minutes) |
| Level: | High School - Teens - College - Adult Education |
| References: | w:Aquaculture |

### Learning Material

Farming sharks is a very efficient way economically to farm shark fins. the practice won't take as much time because fishing companies don't have to find sharks. One of the promblems is that sharks are a K-selected species, meaning they produce fewer healthier offspring. This will make them hard to manage.
# Aquaculture/Mariculture

Welcome to the Aquaculture Learning Project.

## Content summary

Project participants develop course interdisciplinary course materials, improve wikimedia coverage of aquaculture, as well as conducting secondary (and where possible) primary research into economic, political, social and scientific aspects of aquaculture.

## Goals

This learning project offers learnings activities that allow Wikiversity participants to learn the science behind aquaculture and develop knowledge and effectiveness of aquaculture "on the job" by participating in developing wikiversity (and other wikimedia) materials and conducting research.

## Learning materials

Learning materials and learning projects are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a link to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the main namespace) and start writing!
You should also read about the Wikiversity:Learning model. Lessons should center on learning activities for Wikiversity participants. Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple projects. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.

### Lessons

* Tuna
* Algaculture - Includes seaweed and kelp
* Farming Salmon
* Farming Sea Bream
* Farming Sea Bass
* Farming Shrimp
* Farming Oysters
* Farming Clams
* Farming Sharks
* Farming Squid
* Farming Crab
* Packaging and Storage of Aquacultural Outputs

### Assignments

* Develop Lesson 1
* Develop Lesson 2
* Develop Lesson 9
* Develop further and improve the wikipedia w:Aquaculture page
* Incorporate aquaculture information in other wikipedia pages

#### Activities

* Develop Lesson 1
* Develop Lesson 2
* Develop Lesson 9
* Improve the wikipedia w:Aquaculture page
* Start formulating specific research questions as part of an overall project plan to create a wide ranging and in depth research report into the way forward for aquaculture

#### Readings

Each activity has a suggested associated background reading selection.
* Wikipedia article: w:Aquaculture

## Active participants

Active participants in this Learning Group
* Jimbobalina2005
* CoffeeRansacked969

## Learning Project Summary

* Portal: Interdisciplinary Studies
* School: Marine Sciences

## Related news

* March 11, 2007 - Whitehouse wants to allow more aquaculture.
# Aquaculture/Mariculture/Tuna
### About the Lesson

| Title: | Farming Tuna |
| Objective: | To comprehend tuna farming around the world. |
| Length: | 1 short period (10 minutes) |
| Level: | High School - Teens - College - Adult Education |
| References: | w:Aquaculture |

### Learning Material

Farming of Mediterranean tuna has exploded in recent years, however the practice is seen as a post-harvest process involving the fattening of wild-caught tuna in order to increase the fat content. One of the main species of tuna that is being farmed is the Bluefin tuna. This process makes it more suitable for the Japanese sushi market, which has driven the surging demand. The worlds first on-land Bluefin tuna farm was constructed in June of 2013 in Nagasaki. The starting point for the process is the catching of wild tuna and it is believed that the commercial success of this process is serving to put more pressure on the already stretched stocks of wild tuna.
Tuna farming is a controversial practice. Viewed from economic perspective, it is a very lucrative practice. Other viewpoints may include ethical consideration, which has recently elicited strongly negative public comment. Some Web sites are devoted to educating the public about possible harm to non- Tuna species and reduced nutritional availability for those consuming the fattened Tuna.

### Suggested Exercises

Do the following:
* On a sheet of paper list some pros and cons of tuna farming.
# BCP/Humulus lupulus

Humulus lupulus
| Female inflorescence Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Humulus lupulus (Hops) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs Chelodonium 12:52, 11 September 2007 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: London, England: November
Additional images:
# BCP/Hyacinthoides hispanica

Hyacinthoides hispanica
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Hyacinthoides hispanica (Spanish Bluebell) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 16:14, 27 May 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) May
Additional images:
# BCP/Hyacinthoides hispanica/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Hyacinthoides hispanica (Spanish Bluebell). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 16:14, 27 May 2008 (UTC)