OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# English-Chinese/Some people have heart disease but not feel it

Some people have heart disease but not feel it.
有些人患有心脏病，但感觉不到。
# English-Chinese/Some people are more likely to get hemorrhoids if other family members have them

Some people are more likely to get hemorrhoids if other family members have them.
如果其他家庭成员有痔疮，有些人更容易患上痔疮。
# English-Chinese/Some people with heart disease have symptoms

Some people with heart disease have symptoms. This is when there are changes or pain in the body to show a disease is there.
一些患有心脏病的人有症状。 这是当身体发生变化或疼痛时以显示疾病的存在。
# English-Chinese/Some research suggests there are levels of inorganic arsenic present in rice bran. One study found the levels to be 20% higher than in drinking water

Some research suggests there are levels of inorganic arsenic present in rice bran. One study found the levels to be 20% higher than in drinking water.
一些研究表明，米糠中存在无机砷含量。 一项研究发现，这一水平比饮用水高20％。
# English-Chinese/Some foods are high in certain amino acids, but their digestibility and the anti-nutritional factors present in these foods make them of limited value in human nutrition

Some foods are high in certain amino acids, but their digestibility and the anti-nutritional factors present in these foods make them of limited value in human nutrition. Therefore, one must consider digestibility and secondary nutrition profile such as calories, cholesterol, vitamins and essential mineral density of the protein source.
有些食物富含某些氨基酸，但它们的消化率和这些食物中的抗营养因子使它们对人体营养的价值有限。 因此，必须考虑消化率和二次营养特征，如卡路里，胆固醇，维生素和蛋白质来源的基本矿物质密度。
# English-Chinese/Some organizations have implemented exercise classes at lunch, walking challenges among co-workers, or allowing employees to stand rather than sit at their desk during the workday

Some organizations have implemented exercise classes at lunch, walking challenges among co-workers, or allowing employees to stand rather than sit at their desk during the workday.
一些机构在午餐时间实施运动课程，在同事之间提倡多走路，或允许员工站立而不是在工作期间坐在办公桌前。
# Introduction to Theory of Computation
## Lecture notes

* COMP 2805 at Carleton University

## Lectures

* Finite State Machines
* Closure and Nondeterminism
* The Pumping Lemma
* Minimizing FSMs
* Recitation 1
* Context Free Languages
* CFLs and compilers
* Recitation 2
* Pushdown Machines
* Recitation 3
* CFGs and NPDMs
* More lemmas, CYK algorithm
* Undecidability and CFLs
* Recitation 4
* The Bullseye (Hierarchy of Languages)
* Turing Machines
* Recitation 5
* The Halting Problem
* Decidability
* Complexity Theory, Quantified Boolean Formula
* Savitch's Theorem, Space Hierarchy
* Decidability/Complexity Relationship, Recursion Theorem

## Textbooks

Free textbook:
* An Introduction to the Theory of Computation , by Eitan Gurari
# Introduction to Tactics
### Strategic Studies 155 - Introduction to Tactics

Welcome to Introduction to Tactics. This course is a first-year elective course in the Strategic Studies curriculum. Its active learning content should be the equivalent of about 30 hours of classroom time, and it is organized into classes. Each class has a discreet learning objective and a way (or ways) to reach that objective. This will be complemented by readings that are prerequisites to each course. The course is presented in a logical order, and one class may be built upon in subsequent lessons. The order in which you perform these studies, however, is not important. If you feel you'd prefer a different order, that is up to you.

### Course Content

The intent of this course is to give the student a rudimentary knowledge of the tactics that formulate greater strategic planning in combat.
By the end of this course, you should know:
* How tactics affect strategy.
* Rudimentary tactics.
* Why tactics are important.

### Course Texts
#### Online Texts

* US Army, Field Manual 3-90, Tactics. Washington: Dept. of the Army, 2001.
* Other links in progress

#### Offline Texts

* Dawson, Doyne. The Origins of Western Warfare: Militarism and Morality in the Ancient World. Boulder: Westview Press, 1996. ISBN 0-8133-2940-X
* Griffith, Paddy. Forward Into Battle. Fighting tactics from Waterloo to the Near Future. Novato: Presidio Press, 1991 (1981). ISBN 0891414134
* Keegan, John. The Face of Battle. A Study of Agincourt, Waterloo, and the Somme. London: Penguin, 1978.
* Written texts in progress:
* FM 7-8

## Classes
### Unit 1: Introduction
#### Classes

* What are tactics?
* Why are tactics important?

### Unit 2: Tactics and Strategy
#### Classes

* Tactics vs. Strategy
* Grand Tactics

### Unit 3: Types of Tactics
#### Classes

* Locational tactics
* Small unit tactics
* Individual tactics

### Unit 4: Tactical Formations
#### Classes

* Non-combat formations
* Combat formations

### Unit 5: Conclusion
#### Classes

* Historical examples of tactics
* Determining which tactic to choose

## FINAL

In progress.

### Followup courses

* STST 255 Infantry Tactics
* STST 256 Cavalry Tactics
* STST 257 Armor Tactics
* STST 355 Combined Arms Tactics
* STST 455 Seminar in Operational Warfare

## External Links

* Google Map of the Battle of Waterloo
* Google Map of the Wars of Alexander the Great
* Google Map of the Conquering of Mexico by Hernan Cortés
* Google Map of the Pizarro's Conquering of Peru
* Google Map of the Battles of the 7th Portuguese India Armada
* Google Map of the Battles of Spartacus
* Google Map of the Battles of the War of 1812 - 1815
* Google Map of the Mexican-American War of 1846-1848
* Google Map of the WWII Battles: The Western Front
This Strategic studies resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
# Introduction to Tactics/Non-combat formations
## Summary

This object of this class is to teach students about Non-combat formations and their usage

## Introduction

In this class we will learn about the various kinds of Non-combat formations, their benefits and drawbacks, and when they should be used.

## Readings

This will delineate the readings that should be done prior to undertaking the exercises in this class.

## Lecture
### In Camp

3-6-9 Triangle

## Project

Apply the lessons learned above to aerial formations, separate out the non-combat formations, and list them above in a section for aerial.

## Denouement

You should now be familiar with the types of non-combat formations that are relevant to all kinds of units. Please help improve this class.
This Strategic studies resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
# EuroLex/E/Tartan 1

tartan1
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: 1 'a pattern of coloured stripes crossing at right angles, esp. the distinctive plaid worn by scottish Highlanders to denote their clan', 2 'woollen cloth in this pattern'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | tartan [tartan] | beg20c | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | tartan | ... | the same as in English, status: known, but foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | tartaani > skottiruutu | 19c | the same as in English, status: known, but foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | dito | ... |
| French | tartan | end19c | the same as in English, status: known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English | dito | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | tartan [tarta:n] | 19c | the same as in English, status: known, but foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | tartán [tarta:n] | 17c | 1, status: known, but foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; 2, status: restricted use: rare, obsolete; | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | tartan [tartan] | end18c | 2, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | tartan [tartan] < 1: skotskrutet | mid19c | 1, status: known, but foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts; 2, status: restricted use: technical | '...' | ... |
| Polish | tartan [tartan] | beg20c | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | tartán < 2: tela escocesa | ... | 1, 2 (via French), status: not (or no longer) recognized as English; | dito | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Taylorism

taylorism / Taylor system
* Original language: English (not an English word, but an Anglicism nevertheless)
* Original form and meaning: 'a system of scientific management and work efficiency, propounded by F.W. Taylor (US engineer, 1856-1915)'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | tejlorizam | beg20c | the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical) | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | taylorsysteem | 20c | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical, word comes from other source than English | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | taylorisme [telorizm] | 1920s | the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English (technical) | dito | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Taylorsystem | 1920s | the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English, word comes from other source than English (technical) | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | Taylor-rendszer | 20c | the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English, word comes from other source than English (technical) | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | taylorismo [teilorizmo] | 1920s | the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | Taylorsysstem | 20c | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical, word comes from other source than English | dito | ... |
| Polish | tayloryzm [tajlorizm] | beg20c | the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical) | dito | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | taylorismo | mid20c | the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical) | dito | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Teach-in

teach-in
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: 'an informal lecture and discussion on a subject of public interest'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | teach-in [= English] | 1960s | the same as in English, status: restricted use: obsolete | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | teach-in | ... | the same as in English, status: known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English | dito | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | teach-in [= English] | 1960s | the same as in English, status: restricted use: obsolete | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | teach-in [= English] | 20c | the same as in English, status: known, but foreignism, used only with reference to British or American contexts | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | teach-in [= English] | 1960s | the same as in English, status: restricted use: obsolete | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | teach-in [= English] | 1960s | the same as in English, status: restricted use: obsolete | dito | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Teak

teak
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: 'the hard durable timber of the deciduous teak tree'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | tik | beg20c | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | teak [= English] | 1920s | the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | tiikki | 19c | the same as in English, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| French | teck / tek [tεk] | end18c | the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English | dito | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Teak / Tick [= English] | end19c | the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | tikfa | … | the same as in English, status: word comes from other source than English: Portuguese | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | teak / tek / teack [tεk] | end19c | the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical) | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | teak [= English] | beg20c | the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English | dito | ... |
| Polish | tek | ... | the same as in English, status: word comes from other source than English: Malay | dito | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | teak < teca | ... | the same as in English | dito | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Tape

tape
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: 3 ' a strip of opaque or transparent paper or plastic etc. coated with adhesive for fastening, sticking, etc.', 4a 'a long narrow flexible material with magnetic properties used for recording sound or pictures or data', 4b 'a length, reel, or cassette of this'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | 1960s | 3, 4a, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English | '...' | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | teippi | mid20c | 3, status: not (or no longer) recognized as English | dito | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | tape [te:p] < Tonband | 1970s | 4b, status: restricted use: technical, obsolete | '...' | ... |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | tape [= English] < nastro | 1970s | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | tape/teip [tæip]; < 3: limband; 4a, b: kassett, lydband | mid20c | 3, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English; 1970s: 4a, b, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Tax-free

tax-free
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: 'exempt from being taxed'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | tax-free [= English] | ... | the same as in English, status: known mainly to bilinguals and felt to be English | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | tax-free [tεks fri:] = belastingsvrij | 1980s | the same as in English, status: restricted use: modern | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | tax-free [= English] | 1960s | the same as in English, status: restricted use | dito | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Hungarian | tattoo [= English] < vámmentes | 20c | the same as in English, status: restricted use: journalese | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | tax-free < duty-free | ... | the same as in English | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | tax-free [= English] | 1960s | the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English | dito | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/E/Tartan 2

tartan2
* Original language: English
* Original form and meaning: 3 'the elastic surface of an athletic racecourse'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | tartan | end20c | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | tartan [= English] | 1970s | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | tartan [tarta:n] | end20c | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Hungarian | tartán [tarta:n] | 1960s | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | tartan [tartan | 1970 | the same as in English, status: fully accepted, but still marked as English (technical) | dito | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | tartan [tarta:n] | 20c | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Polish | tartan [tartan] | ... | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | tartan | ... | the same as in English, status: restricted use: technical | dito | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |