# Physics equations/Equations/Blank (no equations)

'Do not edit this page. Instead, copy and place in /Equations or in /Sheet.
This equations contains the section dividers used to transclude, but no equations. Copies of this page residing in ../Equations space can be used to supplement Equations in creating user-oriented pages in ../Sheet space (for example calculus/trig supplements).

### 13-Temperature, Kinetic Theory, and Gas Laws

* $T_{C}=T_{K}-273.15$ converts from Celsius to Kelvins.
* $T_{F}={\frac {9}{5}}T_{C}+32$ converts from Celsius to Fahrenheit.

### 14-Heat and Heat Transfer

* $Q=mc_{S}\Delta T$ is the heat required to change the temperature of a substance of mass, m. The change in temperature is ΔT. The specific heat, c$_S$, depends on the substance (and to some extent, its temperature and other factors such as pressure). Heat is the transfer of energy, usually from a hotter object to a colder one. The units of specfic heat are energy/mass/degree, or J/(kg-degree).
* $Q=mL$ is the heat required to change the phase of a a mass, m, of a substance (with no change in temperature). The latent heat, L, depends not only on the substance, but on the nature of the phase change for any given substance. L$_F$ is called the latent heat of fusion, and refers to the melting or freezing of the substance. L$_V$ is called the latent heat of vaporization, and refers to evaporation or condensation of a substance.

### 16-Oscillatory Motion and Waves

* $x=X\cos {\frac {2\pi t}{T}}$ describes oscillatory motion with period T. The amplitude, or maximum displacement is $X$. Alternative notation includes the use of $x_{0}$ instead of $X$). Using by $\omega _{0}T=2\pi$ allows us to write this in terms of angular frequency, ω$_0$:
* $x(t)=x_{0}\cos \left(\omega _{0}t-\varphi \right)$ , where we have introduced a phase shift to permit both sine and cosine waves. For example, $\cos \left(\omega _{0}t-\varphi \right)=\sin \omega _{0}t$.
* $\omega _{0}={\sqrt {\frac {k_{s}}{m}}}={\frac {2\pi }{T}}$ holds for a mass-spring system with mass, m, and spring constant, k$_s$.
* $\omega _{0}={\sqrt {\frac {g}{L}}}={\frac {2\pi }{T}}$ holds for a low amplitude pendulum of length, L, in a gravitational field, g.
* $PE={\frac {1}{2}}k_{s}x^{2}$ is the potential energy of a mass spring system. This equation can also be used for a pendulum if we replace the spring constant $k_{s}$ by an effective spring constant $k_{eff}=mg/L$.

### 27-Wave Optics

===28-Special Relativity=== <section begin=28-Special_Relativity/> <section end=28-Special_Relativity/>
===29-Introduction to Quantum Physics=== <section begin=29-Introduction_to_Quantum_Physics/> <section end=29-Introduction_to_Quantum_Physics/>
===30-Atomic Physics=== <section begin=30-Atomic_Physics/> <section end=30-Atomic_Physics/>
===31-Radioactivity and Nuclear Physics=== <section begin=31-Radioactivity_and_Nuclear_Physics/> <section end=31-Radioactivity_and_Nuclear_Physics/>
===32-Medical Applications of Nuclear Physics=== <section begin=32-Medical_Applications_of_Nuclear_Physics/> *foo <section end=32-Medical_Applications_of_Nuclear_Physics/>
===33-Particle Physics=== <section begin=33-Particle_Physics/> *foo <section end=33-Particle_Physics/>
===34-Frontiers of Physics=== <section begin=34-Frontiers_of_Physics/> *foo <section end=34-Frontiers_of_Physics/>