OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# World War II/Important People

People in WWII (World War Two) who were of importance, divided into Allies and Axis

## ALLIES

* Franklin D Roosevelt of United States of America; died during World War II.
* Joseph Stalin of Soviet Union
* Harry S. Truman of United States of America; came after FDR
* Winston Churchill of Great Britain
* Chiang Kai-shek of China
* Charles de Gaulle of France
Secondary:
* Neville Chamberlain of Great Britain; Succeeded by Churchill
* Władysław Raczkiewicz President and head of state of Poland 1939-47

## AXIS

* Adolf Hitler of Germany
* Benito Mussolini of Italy
* Hirohito of Japan
And a recognition to all those military who died as casualties. As well as a recognition to the thousands of civilians that died to the hands of the Allies and Axis
# Modeling the Web as a graph
## Learning goals
## Associated units

* Be familiar with a set theoretic way of denoting a graph
* Know at least 4 different types of graphs
* Have practiced your abilities in reading and writing mathematical formulas
* Be able to model web pages as a graph
* Know that the authorship graph is bipartite
* Know what kind of graph the graph of web pages is
* (as always) be aware of the fact that modeling is done by making choices
* Know terms like Size and (unique) volume
* Be able to count the in and out degree of web pages
* Have an idea what kind of law (in & out) degree distributions follow
* Know that degree is not distributed in a fair way
* Know that the Gini coefficient can be used to measure fairness
* Understand the notion of a path in a (directed) graph
* Know that shortest paths between nodes need not be unique
* Understand the notion of a strongly connected component
* Know about the diameter of a graph
* Be aware of the bow tie structure of the Web
* Be able to read and build an adjacency matrix of a graph
* Know some basic matrix vector multiplications to generate some statistics out of the adjacency matrix
* Understand what is encoded in the components of the k-th power of the Adjacency matrix of a graph
# An unrealistic, simplistic generative model
## Learning goals

* Can be used to try to give a reason why something works.
* need to be run more than once!
* understand the notion of a modeling parameter
* will be compared to the descriptive model of our object of study.

## Script

Find the Slide deck at File:Introduction_to_Generative_Models_of_the_World_Wide_Web.pdf
# Problems with the question about the size of the Web
## Learning goals

* The question will remain unanswered during the lesson and the entire course.
* question of size is underspecified because a measure is needed.
* measure depends heavily on the choice of how we model the web.
* We have not yet defined what we mean when we say World Wide Web.

## Script

Find the slide deck at File:Problems_with_the_Question_of_"How_big_is_the_World_Wide_Web".webm
# Summary, further reading, homework
## Learning goals

* understand why it is important to have web models. (e.g. for information retrieval, spam detection, understanding epidemic flow of information on the web)
* be aware that models are not the reality.
* even if a generative model yields same statistics and distributions as a predictive model it might fail badly

## Script

Web Science/Part2: Emerging Web Properties/How big is the World Wide Web/Summary, further reading, homework/script

## Quiz

Web Science/Part2: Emerging Web Properties/How big is the World Wide Web/Summary, further reading, homework/quiz
# Web Writing

Topic:Literary Studies > Web Writing (Please see Template talk:Unit boilerplate for more information.)

## Unit Summary

* Course code: ALTU???
* Suggested Prerequisites: Basic knowledge of coding, web design, and advanced writing courses.
* Time investment:
* Assessment suggestions:
* Faculty: Arts
* School: School:Language and Literature
* Department: Topic:Literary Studies
* Stream
* Level: Third year undergraduate

### Lessons

* Lesson 1: Introduction
* Lesson 2: Blogs
* Lesson 3: Wikis
* Lesson 4: Computer Based Literature
# Web Writing/Blogs

Lesson 2 of Web Writing unit
This course will deal with weblogs, their uses, how to get started, and their implications for society.

## Common Uses for Blogs
### Self-Documentary

Some people use blogs to document their daily lives; like a public diary. In some instances, people have been fired from their job because of them.

### Reporting the News

Nowadays, most people use a blog to report the news, and their opinion on it. Bloggers are even eligible for press passes at most technology events.
# Wiki science/Source Code

Many wikis discuss programming topics, such as learning a particular programming language, drawing fractals or adding plug-ins to utility software. Specific tips and recommendations ...

## Licenses

What sort of license governs the source code displayed by your wiki? For example, if you're writing a language tutorial with lots of "toy" programs, you could say "all source code is public domain".
(What sort of license governs the regular text displayed by your wiki?)
# Wiki science/Vibrant User Base

It's nice to welcome new users (the "Welcome Ritual" or "Welcome Wagon"); see Wikiversity:Welcome, and Wiki science/Children and the Wikimedia Projects.
Sometimes a link to a short page of "tips for new users" is included in the initial welcome. (Please don't require new users to read and understand hundreds of pages of arbitrary "This is How We Do Things Here" text before they are allowed to write anything.)
Encourage new users to be bold.
In many cultures, there is a tradition of "This Is How We Do Things" that stretches back so far that no one remembers the real reason they choose that particular way.
In wiki cultures, it's simple enough to document various decisions, leaving a place for further discussion, and making it easier to revisit that decision and perhaps choose to start doing things a different way (if a better way is discovered, or if situations change so that the original way is no longer the best).
# Wiki science/Wikipedia's success/Defeating the myths

This page's purpose is to be a tracking sheet for 'destryoing' myths about Wikipedia.

#### You can easily change Wikipedia's info, thus making Wikipedia unreliable

The myth: You can change info on Wikipedia, thus, it will stay there (which appearantly, makes Wikipedia false).
From my knowledge, this myth is FALSE. As there are so many (when I mean "many", I mean MANY) users patrolling the Recent Changes board, watching every edit. Not only people, but also bots that patrol Wikipedia, such as the famous bot: User:ClueBot NG (but ClueBot NG is a vandalism patroller).

##### Examples

* Edit on Adam Carriker, reverted
# Wiki training
## Examples

* Caregiving and dementia/Wiki training
# Wiki science/Trolls

Trolls are anonymous users of internet services characterized by inflammatory messages and criticism. While some users find trolls to be extremely annoying, others view them as an essentially part of the process that leads towards good content being produced. They are particularly useful for challenging widely-held, but untested beliefs, as anonymous trolls are free to say what others cannot.

## What not to do with trolls
### Calling them as such

Trolling is rarely done accidentally. As such, telling someone they're trolling or are a troll is not likely to make them reform. Also, if by chance they weren't deliberately trolling, accusing them of trolling could very easily offend them and could make them lose their interest in contributing to Wikimedia. It will also make you look bad as well.

## How to deal with trolls

Trolling is usually responded to two different ways: Preventing access by the troll, and ignoring them.

### Engaging with trolls

While the manner of trolls can be infuriating at times, they obviously do still contribute valid points of view and facts at times. Engaging with trolls, particularly on controversial topics, can expose your ideas to harsh criticism. This kind of 'trial by fire' puts your beliefs to the test and only the valid ones will survive it.

### Banning/blocking trolls

A 'ban trolls' policy on your wiki is very controversial. While it is thought to control 'bad trolling', it also harms 'good trolling'. Some points to consider:
* It may discourage some trolling.
* It may help the community to respond to trolling by knowing that it is officially frowned upon.
* It may lead to group think - the phenomenon whereby a prevailing consensus view is not open to challenge by other users
The usual penalties for trolling are removing trollish edits, reverting all edits by the troll to a certain area (Such as discussion) or outright blocking the account/IP(s) used in the trolling.
One downside is that an overly strict policy on trolling may result in someone with a slightly abrasive manner being deemed a troll without any better cause.

### Ignoring trolls

Some people favor a policy of just not responding to trollish comments, sometimes not even to remove them.
# Wikia

Wikia, formerly known as Wikicities are wikis for an array of special interest groups, colleges, universities, fan bases and a host of other club-type entities. Many of these are interested in participating at Wikiversity within their topical areas. An effort is being put forth by MetaCollab Wikia to make the process of linking Wikiversity topics, and Wikia communities of interest through a new topical matrix program.

## Reaching out

Wikiversity outreach: Wikiversity participants are invited to list their topics below to opt in to the Wikia collaboration process, without leaving the Wikiversity domain. Simply provide a link to your school, department or topic with a brief description. Meta Collab will do its best to promote each Wikiversity entity at its appropriate place in the growing List of Wikia (nearly 2000-strong as of October 2006).

### Topic:Computer programming

Computer Programming is a Division of the School of Computer Science. This will contain lessons on learning programming languages, learning software abstraction, algorithms, data structures, as well as different stages to computer programming, including design, testing, and maintenance.
Category:Programming at wikia.com

### Topic:Perl

Topic:Perl (pending)

### Add a topic
## More information

Once your Wikiversity school, division, department, topic or project is entered into Wikia:Collaboration:Wikiversity/Topics, an announcment containing links to related wikia and other discoveries will be announced on Talk:Wikia. Meta Collab's listing will be preloaded using Wikiversity:Browse, but entities here must opt in to activate the process.
You may start your own planning guide of your own Wikia Wiki! Just add your wiki name and "Wikia" as the title.
# Screenwriting

Courses in Filmmaking → :
| Course #1: | Basic filmmaking (pre-production) → |
| Course #2: | Practical narrative film editing → |
| Course #3: | Film scoring for dramatic scenes → |
| Exercise: | Script writing for high school dramas |
| Future: | Poser / DAZ Studio animation |
Note: These courses are only for screenplays. These courses are not for teleplays, stage plays and audio plays.
* Where to begin?
* If you want to become a screenwriter, start with the Introduction to Creative Writing Course.
* Later, when you are ready, you should also take the Basic Filmmaking for High School Drama Departments Course.
* The most important course of all is script reading.
# Screensaver Project

Welcome to the screensaver project, an effort to expand the reach and popularity of distributed computing projects. Wikiversity research is all about letting normal users such as yourself participate in and learn from scholarly research. Don't know what protein folding is? Don't know what gravitational waves are? You can still help in researching them! More appropriately, your computer's screensaver can!

## What is Distributed computing?

Distributed computing is decentralized and parallel computing, using two or more computers communicating over a network to accomplish a common objective or task. Think Seti@Home , only with other research projects.

## How can I help?

Pick a distributed computing project from the list below that interests you, download it, install it, and let your computer run constantly. When the screensaver turns on, the software will begin to process data, periodically returning results and getting more instructions from the project's main server.
If you wish join the wikiversity.org team at the project of your choice. Create one if there is not one already. It will be excellent advertising for us with exactly the highly motivated and some highly educated people who might be interested in wikiversity. It will also help us form a nucleus of users and possibly developers who can put together a distributed grid computing solution when we decide we need one to support Wikiversity's servers or scientific research or learning labs.

## List of Distributed computing projects

* Folding@home - performs simulations of protein folding and other molecular dynamics for disease research
* Rosetta@home - dedicated to protein structure prediction for disease research
* SETI@home - analyses radio signals in an attempt to find extraterrestrial life
* Einstein@home - searches for gravitational waves and other astronomical phenomenon
* World Community Grid - umbrella for a variety of projects
* Wikipedia's List of Distributed Computing Projects
Please see also Wikiversity Distributed Virtual Supercomputer

## Other types of distributed projects

* herbaria@home This is apparently not a distributed computing project but is interesting as a potentential prototype for distributed manual projects that might be suitable for Wikiversity teams.

## Note

Though it is a Wikiversity research page, all projects are offsite and not affiliated with Wikiversity. This is considered secondary research. The scope of this page is to inform and better coordinate efforts, such as the establishment of offsite teams and promotion. External links can be added to bad sites, though this is normally caught and reversed before any harm is done. Be forewarned.
# Scriptwriting

Scriptwriting: The Five Key Points of Story Structure
One thing is true of all stories. They all have a beginning, middle and end. Film scripts typically run from 100 to 120 pages with each page representing about a minute of screen time. Within these script pages there will be five vital events.
There are five key points of story structure which are incredibly important in scriptwriting.

## The Inciting Incident

The Inciting Incident generally takes place about fifteen minutes into a script and is the first major turning point of the story. The normality of your main character’s life will be broken in a big way.
In the movie Dodgeball the Inciting Incident would be when Peter La Fleur finds out that Average Joes Gym will be sold unless he can raise enough money to pay off the bank.

## Midpoint

To a scriptwriter the Midpoint of the script is the anchor in the vast sea of Act II. This is yet another turning point where the need of the main character is brought into focus. Often this is done through the introduction of a new character who forces the main character to sharpen his eye on the goal.
The Midpoint for the film Dodgeball would be where Patches O'Houlihan is killed in an accident, leaving the team without their coach.

## Plot Point II

Towards the end of Act II and the beginning of Act III we come to a crisis point, Plot Point II. Right now the main character in your script has had enough. They’re sick and tired of all the obstacles being thrown in their way. Their world is a dark place with little light left. Plot Point II should:
1. Force the main character to take action in attempt to solve the problem created by the inciting incident.
2. Make note of the “ticking clock”. Time is running out for your main character to finish the job.
3. Focus the character on their goal.
Plot Point II would take place in Dodgeball where Peter La Fleur storms out of a team meeting and contemplates selling the gym to his rival White Goodman.

## Climax

The climax is the biggest scene in the movie, the final battle between right and wrong, good and evil. Your main character will save the day and resolve their problems in dramatic fashion.
In Dodgeball the Average Joes team beat the team from Globo-Gym only for White Goodman to reveal that Peter La Fleur had already sold him the gym, so the victory was all for nothing. La Fleur counters with the revelation that he placed all the money White had given him and bet on Average Joes to win, leaving him with enough money not only to buy Average Joes but White Goodman’s Globo-Gym as well.
# Stories for Language Learners/Intermediate-Advanced English/The Taste of Banzo’s Sword

The Taste of Banzo’s Sword
Matajuro Yagyu was the son of a famous swordsman. His father, believing that his son’s work was too mediocre to anticipate mastership, disowned him.
So Matajuro went to Mount Futara and there found the famous swordsman Banzo. But Banzo confirmed the father’s judgment. “You wish to learn swordsmanship under my guidance?” asked Banzo. “You cannot fulfill the requirements.”
“But if I work hard, how many years will it take me to become a master?” persisted the youth.
“The rest of your life,” replied Banzo.
“I cannot wait that long,” explained Matajuro. “I am willing to pass through any hardship if only you will teach me. If I become your devoted servant, how long might it be?”
“Oh, maybe ten years,” Banzo relented.
“My father is getting old, and soon I must take care of him,” continued Matajuro. “If I work far more intensively, how long would it take me?”
“Oh, maybe thirty years,” said Banzo.
“Why is that?” asked Matajuro. “First you say ten and now thirty years. I will undergo any hardship to master this art in the shortest time!”
“Well,” said Banzo, “in that case you will have to remain with me for seventy years. A man in such a hurry as you are to get results seldom learns quickly.”
“Very well,” declared the youth, understanding at last that he was being rebuked for impatience, “I agree.”
Matajuro was told never to speak of fencing and never to touch a sword. He cooked for his master, washed the dishes, made his bed, cleaned the yard, cared for the garden, all without a word of swordsmanship.
Three years passed. Still Matajuro labored on. Thinking of his future, he was sad. He had not even begun to learn the art to which he had devoted his life.
But one day Banzo crept up behind him and gave him a terrific blow with a wooden sword.
The following day, when Matajuro was cooking rice, Banzo again sprang upon him unexpectedly.
After that, day and night, Matajuro had to defend himself from unexpected thrusts. Not a moment passed in any day that he did not have to think of the taste of Banzo’s sword.
He learned so rapidly he brought smiles to the face of his master. Matajuro became the greatest swordsman in the land.
# Supersymmetry/String Theory based Artificial Intelligence

Redirect to Supersymmetric Artificial Neural Network.
# Superscalar

This material is still under construction. Outline below:

## Superscalar Microprocessor

Superscalar processors simply mean that they execute more than one instruction per clock cycle. However, the dataflow in most software programs tends to be serial in nature. Instructions that have a dataflow dependency on each other cannot execute in parallel. For example, the classical IF statement will compile down the sequence shown below in machine assembly language:
IF ( condition ) THEN
ELSE
ENDIF
LOAD COMPARE BRANCH.CONDITIONAL
All three instructions must execute serially. The COMPARE depends on the completion of the LOAD instruction. The BRNACH in turn depends on the completion of the COMPARE operation.
Superscalar microprocessors depend heavily on the compiler's ability to re-order the instruction stream at compile time in order to maximize the opportunity for instruction level parallelism.

## Speculative Execution

Branch following
Branch folding
Speculative Memory read
Speculative Memory store

## Industry Examples

MIPS Architecture
Intel Architecture
Precision Architecture
Power Architecture
Sparc Architecture
ARM Architecture
# Surface chemistry

Surface Chemistry
Surface science is the study of chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, including solid–liquid interfaces, solid–gas interfaces, solid–vacuum interfaces, and liquid-gas interfaces. It includes the fields of surface chemistry and surface physics. Some related practical applications are classed as surface engineering.The science encompasses concepts such as heterogeneous catalysis, semiconductor device fabrication, fuel cells, self-assembled monolayers, and adhesives. Surface science is closely related to interface and colloid science. Inter-facial chemistry and physics are common subjects for both. The methods are different. In addition, interface and colloid science studies
Surface chemistry can be roughly defined as the study of chemical reactions at interfaces. It is closely related to surface engineering, which aims at modifying the chemical composition of a surface by incorporation of selected elements or functional groups that produce various desired effects or improvements in the properties of the surface or interface. Surface chemistry also overlaps with electrochemistry. Surface science is of particular importance to the field of heterogeneous catalysis.
The adhesion of gas or liquid molecules to the surface is known as adsorption. This can be due to either chemisorption or by physisorption. These too are included in surface chemistry.
The behavior of a solution based interface is affected by the surface charge, dipoles, energies, and their distribution within the electrical double layer.
# US States/North Carolina

North Carolina

## Contents

* Historical - Statehood historical sites
* 21st century - industry, education, innovation and economy
* Facts and information