OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Time management/time study

A Time Study is a log kept over a period of time (typically a week) to give you an idea what use you are making of your time.
The log should at least consist of the date, type of activity, start time, and duration.
For those that aren't good with keeping track of time, a timer that rings after 1 hour. At that time, you can record what you did in the last hour.
After the period is up, you review how many hours you spent doing what types of activities. The idea is to identify which activities are regular activities, and what activities vary from day to day/week to week.
To review progress, time studies can be conducted every so often.
# Time management/Questionnaires

One indicator of the increase in interest in time management is the emergence of self-report instruments designed to measure the amount of respondent use of time management skills and behaviours (Mudrack, 1997).

## Questionnaires

Several self-report instruments have been designed in order to measure the different aspects of individual human time management.
Three questionnaires have been most used:
* the four or three-factor Time Management Behavior Scale (TMBS: Macan, Shahani, Dipboye and Phillips, 1990)
* the five-factor Time Structure Questionnaire (TSQ: Bond & Feather, 1988)
* the three or two-factor Time Management Questionnaire (TMQ: Britton & Tesser, 1991).
Also of interest may be:
* Adolescence Time Management Disposition Inventory (Xiting & Zhijie, 2001)
* Time Management for Exercise Scale (Hellsten & Rogers, 2009)
* University Student Satisfaction and Time Management Scale (Neill, 2016)

### Time Management Behavior Scale

The Time Management Behaviour Scale (TMBS) was developed by Macan, Shahani, Dipboye & Phillips (1990). The TMBS identified and described factors within time management, such as establishing objectives, prioritizing for tasks, setting goals, perceived time control (Garcia-Ros, Perez-Gonzalez & Hinojosa, 2004).
The TMBS originally had 33 items and four factors: goals and priorities; mechanics; preference for organisation, and perceived control of time. The four factor structure of the TMBS has been confirmed by Adams and Jex (1997) via confirmatory factor analysis.
Esters and Castellanos (1998) found the TMBS predicted university student stress.

### Time Structure Questionnaire

The Time Structure Questionnaire (TSQ) was developed by Bond and Feather (1988).
Time Structure Questionnaire (pdf)

### Time Management Questionnaire

The Time Management Questionnaire (TMQ) was developed by Britton and Tesser (1991).
The TMQ contains items on attitudes and planning. Three factors accounted for 36 percent of variance: short-range planning; long-range planning, and attitudes. Two factors were retained in subsequent studies (Barling, Kelloway & Cheung, 1996; Trueman & Hartley, 1996).
The items can be found in the article by Britton and Tesser (1991): (see Table 1)

### University Student Satisfaction and Time Management Questionnaire

The University Student Satisfaction and Time Management Questionnaire was developed at the University of Canberra.

## Future development

The average number of factors in the reviewed time management instruments is four. Internal consistencies range from 0.5 to 0.9 (Claessens et al., 2005). No one instrument is ideal, and they can all be improved.
# Time management/References

This page lists some references to peer-reviewed literature about the psychology of time management.
# Time perspective
## Overview

Time perspective theory is the idea that our perceptions of time influence our emotions, perceptions, and actions.
Most time perspective models break down our time perspectives into chronological categories such as:
* Past
* Present
* Future
Zimbardo's approach further breaks these time perspectives down into five perspectives:
* Past
** Past-Positive
** Past-Negative
* Present
** Present-Hedonistic
** Present-Fatalistic
* Future
Carelli et al. (2011) argued for a 6-factor model which splits Future into:
* Future-Positive
* Future-Negative
In addition, Zimbardo proposes a separate Transcendental time perspective which relates to looking beyond one's individual lifetime.

## Future time perspective

The original Zimbardo TP model suggested five factors, including a single future time perspective factor.
Carelli et al (2011) argued that the future time perspective be split into:
* Future-Positive
* Future-Negative
The results appear to be mixed for Carelli's TP model.
An alternative, three-factor future TP model is described and tested by Rohr et al. (2017):
* Opportunity - Perception about positive opportunities available in future time remaining
* Extension - Perception about amount of time in life remaining
* Constraint - Perception about barriers and constraints during time remaining
These three components are correlated, and future TP can also be treated a single, overall factor, or as separate components.

## Other models and measures

* Balanced Time Perspectives Scale (Webster, 2011) aims to identify whether individuals have a time perspective bias:
** Past
** Future
* Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (Strathman et al., 1994) operationalises time perspective as consideration of the consequences of actions.
* Future Time Perspective Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults (Lyu & Huang, 2016)
* Temporal Focus Scale (Shipp et al., 2009) conceptualises time perspective as an attentional bias.
* Two Factor Consideration of Future Consequences Scale (Arnocky et al., 2014):
** Immediate future (i.e., present)
** Distant future
# Web 2.0 Social Networking

Web 2.0 Social Networking

### 1. What is the site you selected?

My selected site was Digg site which is a social news webisites. It associate with allowing participants and members to vote stories and news up and down. When stories are up load daily, and people vote that stories, it will appear on the front page. There are many categories such as technology, business, science, games, lifeslyle and entertainment and sports.

### 2. What is the site's purpose and why is it considered a web 2.0 site?

The purpose of the site was to be a website that was a meduim for people to explore and she information on the web. It allows people to vote not only stories, but news, videos, images that were submitted by different authors and the popularity of the news was determined by people and what they like best. Oncne that story gets more and more votes, it will be on the front page for others to view. Furthermore, people are allow to discuss about the content. Digg also allows people to connect with Facebook--it allows users of Facebook and Digg to connect their accounts, when the account are connected, Digg articles can be shared on the facebook page. Web 2.0 is web applications that allows users to interact, share information, discussion and collborate on the world wide web. Digg is considered a web 2.0 site because it is considered a social netowrking, video sharing sites in which everyone can associate, discuss and vote stories they like, thus Digg allows users to interact and contribute to the site.

### 3. What is your favorite website and why

I think that i like Digg the most becuase I don't play games, and cellufun associates with mobile social games so i don't really know about games. Also, in MOG, i don't really like listening to foriegn music, I don't download music, I only listen to radio. And for Meetup, I don't like arranging all these offline group meeting. Therefore, the only web 2.0 that suits me the best is probably Digg, because I like to read and update news and stories. Also in Digg, they also provides video along with the article, for example, I'm a basketball fans, and in Digg i get to read the article about LeBron's elbow injury and also get to see the real video of him shooting freethrow with his left arm.
--Eveve20 11:00, 7 May 2010 (UTC)

## Discussion questions

* How can you use social media to further your own learning?
* How can blockchain be integrated with social media networks to benefit many stakeholders?
* Is it ethical for publicly traded social media companies to earn advertising money from user created content without sharing that money with creators?
# Web 2.0 for Professional Use

Resources, tips and techniques for writers, designers and users of social media in academia and the workplace. This Writing for the World Wide Web course researches and evaluates different Web 2.0 applications and platforms in order to help students, academics, and professionals effectively communicate, collaborate and publish online.
Blogs and Blogging
E-Mail
Social Media

## Books

* Jakob Nielsen, Web Usability
# WebApps with LocalStorage and AppCache/ZIP
## Learning Tasks

* (AudioSlides4Web) Explore the AppLSAC AudioSlides4Web, that creates from the list of images and a list of audio comments a webbased presentation (see Example-Presentation of AudioSlides4Web and AudioSlides4Web Tutorial. Analyse how JSZip was used to upload images and audio comments into the generated ZIP file with loadfile4dom.js.
# WikiJournal Preprints/Parts of a Book

WikiJournal Preprints Open access • Publication charge free • Public peer review
WikiJournal of Science
WikiJournal of Humanities
WikiJournal of PPB
Editorial guidelines Ethics statement Bylaws Indexing Financials and reports 1-year/3-year plan Proposed platform Meeting minutes Calendar
WikiJournal User Group is a publishing group of open-access, free-to-publish, Wikipedia-integrated academic journals. <seo title=" Wikiversity Journal User Group, WikiJournal Free to publish, Open access, Open-access, Non-profit, online journal, Public peer review "/>
This article is an unpublished pre-print not yet undergoing peer review.
To submit this article for peer review, please: Submit authorship declaration form
Create peer review location

## Article information

Author: Simon Worthington
* ↑ simon.worthington@tib.eu

## Major issues needing investigation

* Table of contents
* Covers
* Page numbers
* Table captions
* CSS Typesetting: Adaptive CSS or Paged CSS?

## An index of parts of a book

Link to Ethercalc parts of a book list on chat room https://matrix.to/#/!TzmwXbpUyLkteKuxiH:matrix.org?via=matrix.org (expand pinned Ethercalc spreadsheet at top of chat).

## EPUB questions

* Can image caption numbers be made consecutive across chapters in an EPUB using CSS or do they need to be hard coded.

## Additional information
### Acknowledgements

Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

### Competing interests

Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

### Ethics statement

An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.
# Parallel computing

Parallel computing is the simultaneous execution of the same task (split up and specially adapted) on multiple processors in order to obtain results faster. The idea is based on the fact that the process of solving a problem usually can be divided into smaller tasks, which may be carried out simultaneously with some coordination.
Approaches to parallel computers include:
* Multiprocessing
* Computer cluster
* Parallel supercomputers
* Distributed computing
* NUMA vs. SMP vs. massively parallel computer systems
* Grid computing
# Parenting

This resource will collect resources on w:Parenting.
* Parenting
* Parenting/Becoming a Foster Parent
* Parenting/How to Become a Foster Parent
* Parenting/Parents
* Parenting driver's license
# Parametric operator

☞ This page belongs to resource collections on Logic and Inquiry.
A parametric operator $\Omega \!$ with parameter $\alpha \!$ in the parameter set $\mathrm {A} \!$ is an indexed family of operators $(\Omega _{\alpha })_{\mathrm {A} }=\{\Omega _{\alpha }:\alpha \in \mathrm {A} \}\!$ with index $\alpha \!$ in the index set $\mathrm {A} .\!$

## Syllabus
### Focal nodes

* Inquiry Live
* Logic Live

### Peer nodes

* Parametric Operator @ InterSciWiki
* Parametric Operator @ Subject Wikis
* Parametric Operator @ Wikiversity
* Parametric Operator @ Wikiversity Beta
# Parapsychology

Research on the topic of w:Parapsychology is currently banned from Wikiversity. Any future work on this topic is subject to pre-approval by our research review process. Please submit a request at Wikiversity:Community Review/Fringe research before creating any new learning resources on this subject.
# Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research/Symptoms/Catatonia

( To subpage for editing >> )
Catatonia Holding of statuesque postures
The following references are relevant:-
Northoff et al (1997) Glutamatergic dysfunction in catatonia? Successful treatment of three acute akinetic catatonic patients with the NMDA antagonist amantadine.
Bhati et al(2007) Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Empirical Treatments for Catatonia
Carroll et al(2007) Katatonia - A New Conceptual Understanding of Catatonia and a New Rating Scale
# Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research/Symptoms/Choreoathetosis

( To subpage for editing >> )
Choreoathetosis
Involuntary jerky snake-like movements usually of the arms.
The following references are relevant:-
Teräväinen and Calne (1980) Action tremor in Parkinson’s disease
Bhidayasiri and Truong,(2004) Chorea and related disorders
Perkovic et al (2010) Sildenafil induced choreoathetosis in men with Parkinson's disease.
# Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research/Symptoms/Clonus

( To subpage for editing >> )

## Clonus

Vibrato-like reaction to forced muscle stretching.
The following references are relevant:-
Hofmann (1962) Observations on peripheral servo mechanisms in Parkinsonian rigidity
Burke et al (1972) Tonic vibration reflex in spasticity, Parkinson's disease, and normal subjects
Findley et al (1981)
# Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research/Symptoms/Cogwheel rigidity

( To subpage for editing >> )

## Cogwheel rigidity

Stiffness in the muscles, with a jerky quality when arms and legs are repeatedly moved.
The following references are relevant:-
Lance et al(1963) Action tremor and the cogwheel phenomenon in Parkinson’s disease
Findley et al (1981) Tremor, the cogwheel phenomenon and clonus in Parkinson’s disease
Ghiglione et al(2005) Cogwheel Rigidity
# Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research/Symptoms/Catalepsy

( To subpage for editing >> )

## Catalepsy

Tireless, timeless , effortless maintenance of postures.
The following references are relevant:-
Azam et al (2010) Design, synthesis and anti-Parkinsonian evaluation of 3-alkyl/aryl-8-(furan-2-yl)thiazolo[5,4-e][1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine-2(3H)-thiones against neuroleptic-induced catalepsy and oxidative stress in mice.
Nayebi et al (2010) Buspirone improves 6-hydroxydopamine-induced catalepsy through stimulation of nigral 5-HT(1A) receptors in rats.
Mahmoudi et al (2011) Buspirone improves the anti-cataleptic effect of levodopa in 6-hydroxydopamine-lesioned rats.
# Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research/Symptoms/Chorea

( To subpage for editing >> )

## Chorea

Involuntary, desultory flickering movement.
The following references are relevant:-
Barbeau et al (1965) Fingerprint Patterns in Huntington's Chorea and Parkinson's Disease
Reuter et al (2000) Late onset levodopa responsive Huntington's disease with minimal chorea masquerading as Parkinson plus syndrome
Ciammola et al (2011) Atypical Parkinsonism Revealing a Late Onset, Rigid and Akinetic Form of Huntington's Disease
# Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research/Symptoms/Coma

( To subpage for editing >> )
Coma
Deep unconsciousness with loss of awareness
The following references are relevant:-
Guillan(1925) A clinical study of encephalitis lethargic – based on 62 cases
Jang et al (2009) Highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus can enter the central nervous system and induce neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration
Nakamagoe et al (2009) Parkinsonism with organophosphate poisoning
Further Research
# Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research/Symptoms/Cognitive Impairment

( To subpage for editing >> )
Cognitive impairment
Problems with mental processes such as thinking, learning and judging
See also Dementia
The folllowing references are relevant.
Goldman and Litvan (2011) Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease
Litvan et al(2011) MDS Task Force on Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s disease: Critical Review of PD-MCI
Weintrub et al (2011) Neurodegeneration Across Stages of Cognitive Decline in Parkinson Disease
Further Research
References
* ↑ Goldman, J.G. and Litvan, I.(2011) Full TextMinerva Med. 102 (6) 441 – 45>Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s Diseasehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3370887/
* ↑ Litvan, I.; D Aarsland, D.; Adler, C. H.; Goldman, J. G.; Kulisevsky, J.; Mollenhauer, B.; Rodriguez-Oroz, M. C.; AI Tröster, Al and D Weintraub, D. (2011) Full TextMov. Disord. 26 (10) 1814 – 1824. MDS Task Force on Mild Cognitive Impairment in Parkinson’s disease: Critical Review of PD-MCI http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181006/
* ↑ Weintrub, Daniel; Doshi, Jimit;Koka, Deepth; Davatzikos, Christos; Diderowf, Andrew D.; Duda, John E.; Wolk, David, Moberg, Paul J.; Xie, Sharon X. and Clark, Christopher M.(2011) Full TextArch. Neurol. 68 (12) 1562 – 1568. Neurodegeneration Across Stages of Cognitive Decline in Parkinson Disease http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3290902/
# Progress and Prospects in Parkinson's Research/Symptoms/Compulsive behaviour

( To subpage for editing >> )
Compulsive behaviour
Out-of character uncontrollable urges, for instance gambling.
The following references are relevant:-
Djamshidian et al (2010) Risk and learning in impulsive and non-impulsive patients with Parkinson’s disease
Djamshidian et al (2011) Novelty seeking behaviour in Parkinson’s disease
Bostwick et al (2012) Frequency of New-Onset Pathologic Compulsive Gambling or Hypersexuality After Drug Treatment of Idiopathic Parkinson Disease
Further Research
# Satisfaction

This psychology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
Satisfaction refers to a state of contentment in which one's perceived needs have been met. Satisfaction can be conceptualised as the congruence between a person and his/her social environment (Tessema, Ready & Yu, 2012). Satisfaction is a construct that has been widely researched in part due to its correlation with a work productivity (Edwards, 2009), quality of work life, contentment with one’s job or profession, and general life satisfaction (Zelenski, Murphy, & Jenkins, 2008).
# Saturn/Quiz

Saturn is a lecture about the study of this astronomical object.
You are free to take this quiz based on Saturn at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{radiation astronomy resources}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* Questions about natural satellites in orbit around Saturn may add to testing knowledge of Saturn.
* The closer a rocky object is to Saturn the more water ice it has on its surface.
# Scattering of light

Scatterimg of light
Why the color of ocean is blue? If you are thinking that the color of ocean is blue due to the reflection of sky... then you are having a misconception. The color of ocean is blue due to the scattering of blur color by water molecules. We already know that light is made up of seven colors that are violet, indigo, blue, green, yellow, orange and red. Every color has different wavelength. The color with shorter wavelength, bends more where the color with higher wavelength, bends less. Violet bends more than red because of shorter wavelength. The size of the water molecules are very small (smaller than colloidal particles) and small size particle scatters the color of lower wavelength more. Hence the color of ocean is blue. This is the same reason for the blue color appearance of sky.
Now you must be thinking that violet has shorter wavelength than blue. Then why we are seeing blue color of ocean and sky rather than violet? The answer is... the sunlight has more blue compare to violet color component and our eyes are more sensible to blue than violet. Because our eyes has cones which are more sensitive towards blue.
Why the sky appears reddish during early morning and evening? In the early morning, the sunlight travels larger distance compare to at noon to reach the earth surface. The earth atmosphere is consist of different gases like oxygen, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, etc. These molecules of gases are very small. During early morning and evening, the shorter wavelength like blue are already scattered by the gases present in the earth atmosphere and hence the only color which can be visible is longer wavelength color like orange and red. Hence, the sky appears reddish during early morning and evening.
How will the sky appear in absence of atmosphere? The sky will appear dark( blue-black color) in the absence of atmosphere, because there will be nothing for scattering of sunlight.
# Scatterplot

This statistics resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
Scatterplots are used to graphically display the relationship between two variables. They are commonly used to accompany correlational analyses.
# Schema (psychology)

This psychology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
A schema is a cognitively-stored, efficient, pre-set way of interpreting information and experiences. However, because schemas tend to be used automatically (unconsciously), they can also lead to perceptual and cognitive errors. Schemas are also learnt, via upringing and enculturation.
# Sum of the first n numbers/Doubling/Exercise

Prove the formula
    $\sum _{k=1}^{n}k={\frac {n(n+1)}{2}}\,$
without induction, by considering the following table
# Sum sign/Application/1/Exercise

For $k=1,\ldots ,8$, let
    $a_{k}=2^{k}-5k\,.$
Compute
    $\sum _{k=1}^{8}a_{k}.$
# Sum of odd numbers/Induction/Exercise/Solution

An odd number has the form $2k-1$, the sum of the first $n$ odd numbers equals hence
    $\sum _{k=1}^{n}(2k-1).$
We claim that this equals $n^{2}$. For $n=1$ the statement is true, since the sum is just $1=1^{2}$. Suppose now that the statement is known for some $n$. Then
    $\sum _{k=1}^{n+1}(2k-1)=\sum _{k=1}^{n}(2k-1)+2n+1=n^{2}+2n+1=(n+1)^{2}\,.$
# Sum sign/Application/3/Exercise

For every $k\in \mathbb {N}$, let
    $a_{k}={\frac {k}{2k+1}}\,.$
Compute
    $\sum _{k=0}^{5}a_{k}.$
# Sum of odd numbers/Induction/Exercise

Prove, by induction, that the sum of consecutive odd numbers (starting from $1$) is always a square number.
# System development/Modelling/Concepts/Product

* Domain:
* Wikipedia: Product (Business)
In marketing, a product is anything that can be offered to a market that might satisfy a want or need.

## Properties

| Sequence | Datamodel | Datatype |
| 1 | ArticleNumber | |
| 2 | DescriptionShort | |
| 3 | Description | |
| 4 | Image | |
| 6 | Price | Currency |
| 7 | ProductManager | |
| 8 | Stock | |
# System development/Modelling/Concepts/Request

* Domain:
* Wikipedia

## Properties

| Sequence | Property name | Datamodel | Datatype | Definition/ example | Dutch | French | German | Spanish |
| 1 | | | | | | | | |
| 2 | Date | DateSubmitted | | | Datum ingediend | | | |
# System development/Modelling/Concepts/Person type
## Examples

Some examples of person types are.
* Applicant
* Employee
* Customercontact