OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Theatre/Makeup

Theatre makeup is a very special type of makeup that you apply to make your face so it wont look washed out.
# Thinking Tools/Example applications

Apply your skills in creating possibilities to these examples. Use divergent thinking skills, tools, and techniques to generate as many possibilities as you can for the chosen example.
Feel free to choose your own example if that is more useful.
* Automobile names (existing, or new, or fanciful)
* Baby names
* Becoming fair
* Being happy
* Book titles
* Choosing a career
* Creating a joke
* Desserts
* Doing good
* Earning trust
* Enjoying life
* Eulogies in six words
* Feeling good
* Finding a job
* Gaining weight
* Getting fit
* Gifts to give
* Halloween costumes
* Hats
* Having fun
* Healing
* Healthy snacks
* How to help
* How to spend a weekend
* Ice cream flavors (existing, or new, or fanciful)
* Improving relationships
* Increasing creativity
* Inventions we need
* Living wisely
* Logos
* Losing weight
* Meeting people
* Mottos for yourself, groups, teams, organizations, movements, …
* Names for colors
* Names for perfumes
* Names for pets
* New holidays
* New Podcasts
* New TV shows
* Places to visit (near here, far from here, quirky)
* Problems we face
* Random acts of kindness
* Recycling
* Reducing clutter
* Reducing waste
* Seeking real good
* Seeking true beliefs
* Selling me this pen
* Showing generosity
* Solutions to a specific problem
* Song titles
* Stories in six words
* Tattoos
* The phrase on my gravestone
* Things to do on a rainy day
* Uses for a paperclip
* What to do on vacation
* What to do tonight
* What to draw
* What to eat for breakfast, or lunch, or dinner.
* What to explore
* What to learn
* What to paint
* What to photograph
* What to study
* What to wear
* Who to visit
* Why are manhole covers round?
* World peace
# Thinking (design)

* Please help develop and classify this resource
* Learn how you can develop this resource to teach participants about Thinking (design). Choose a subject, education level, and resource type to classify the resource by. You may learn more about the topic to help you develop and classify the resource from:
Thinking is an important step in design. The end goal of design is functionality. While there is room for aesthetic value, say the look and feel of the iPhone, in the end, usability and how well the phone works will determine its fate. One way to avoid misguided design is to think ahead. Professional designers typically think ahead about the objectives of their design project, the audience, and the range of potential solutions. In addition, designers have to resolve the inherent conflict between form and function. A design scheme that is very pleasing in terms of function may not work well. The challenge, then, create pleasing design without significantly compromising function.

## Discussion questions and essay ideas

* What are some ideas to keep in mind so as to design products and services to be most useful to consumers?
# Thesis/Tips

* Use automatic captioning of tables and figures - this will allow the automatic generation of a table of tables and a table of figures. Also use styles for headings, which will allow automatic generation of a table of contents.
* Use word processor tables and graph tools, in general, rather than dumped SPSS output. SPSS output will require considerable customization to be rendered in APA style.
* Useful resources for the development of a bachelor or master thesis

## Resources

Book: How to write a better thesis David Evans, Paul Gruba, Justin-Zobel, Springer International Publishing (2014)
Websites: How to do a good thesis
# Think globally - act locally

The learning resource approaches a conceptual framework for
* understanding the global impact of activities and processes in nature and environment
* in conjunction with derived local activities.
Futhermore on a meta level (and this is an objective why the learning resource is placed in Wikiversity) a learning and Capacity building is necessary to understand and support local activities. This includes two cacpacity building steps:
* Improve a global mindset and understanding of global challenges from a Risk Management and system thinking approach,
* Link optional local activities and the application of locally available resources with the global mindset. Beside understanding the link between global challenges and local activities, the learner must able to transform knowledge and skills into action.
Especially Information Technology (IT) allows to bridge the gap be global mindset and local interventions, i.e., the use of mobile devices for the combination of physical environment with digital capacity building resources (see e.g. Augmented Reality). Computers and telecommunications make the interaction with Information Systems and the interaction between people feasible. This is a basic constituent for user-driven innovation.

## Learning Task

* (Transportation) Analyse the concept of Collaborative Mapping with the Humanitarian Open Streetmap Example of the Transportation Map for Managua. Explain how this concept "Think globally-act locally" links
** efficient transportation,
** local needs for transportation,
** video conferencing, video consultations to avoid transportation of goods and people or allow unavailable services that were not available before.
    accorinding to global emmission of Greenhouse gas (see Wikipedia:Climate Change)
* (Learning and Capacity Building) Analyse the example according to the topic of the learning resource: What are missing steps or necessary additional steps to improve the link between global thinking and local activities (see also Digital Learning Environment?
* (Great Ocean Garbage Patch) Define your personal conclusions from knowing about the Great Ocean Garbage Patch and local use of plastic bags or packaging alternatives.
* (Climate Change) Analyse the learning resource about Climate Change and explain how the design of the learning resource refers to the concept of "Think globally - act locally". In the last 100 years we can measure an increase of yearly mean temperature by 1 degree Celsius. In the artic ice "bubbles of ancient atmosphere" is preserved and the climate history can be compared with greenhouse concentration in the preserved ancient atmosphere samples. How and when does the global thinking about climate change lead to local interventions on personal or national level for Risk Management activities.
* (Sustainable Development Goals) Select a few Sustainable Development Goals and apply "Think globally - act locally" on the selected goal. Answer the question
** What is the global message of the goal and
** what can be done locally to accomplish the goal (see also SDG Indicators)
# Transgender History

The histories of various "trans" and/or noncisgender peoples, including transgender, intersex, crossdressing, drag, other-gendered, etc. individuals and events relevant to them.

## historiography

* Gender and Sexuality in Indigenous North America, 1400-1850 (Eds. Sandra Slater & Fay A. Yarbrough, 2011)
* Transgender History (Susan Stryker, 2008)
* How Sex Changed: A History of Transsexuality in the United States (Joanne Meyerowitz, 2002)
* Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present (Neil Miller, 1995)
* About Time: Exploring the Gay Past (Martin Duberman, 1991)

## primary sources

* The Woman in Battle: A Narrative of the Exploits, Adventures, and Travels of Madame Loreta Janeta Velazquez, Otherwise Known as Lieutenant Harry T. Buford, Confederate States Army (Loreta Janeta Velázquez, 1876) - electronic full text
# Transgender

A transgender person (often abbreviated to trans person) is someone whose gender identity or gender expression does not correspond with their sex assigned at birth. Many experience gender dysphoria, which they seek to alleviate through transitioning, often adopting a different name and set of pronouns in the process. They may undergo sex reassignment therapies such as hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgery to more closely align their primary and secondary sex characteristics with their gender identity. Not all transgender people desire these treatments and others may be unable to access them for financial or medical reasons. Those who do desire to medically transition to another sex may identify as transsexual.

## Resources

* Transgender studies
* Transgender History
* Transgender literature
* Transgenderism - Polansky

## See Also

* Wikipedia: Transgender
* Special:Search/transgender
# Translating French Drama

This site is meant for translating theatre plays from French to English. It can be used as a course requirement in drama schools or while learning the French language.
Playwrights of any century may be used, provided the work is not copyrighted in French. Some of their plays have never been translated.

## 16th century

Robert Garnier
Etienne Jodelle

## 17th century

Pierre Corneille
Tristan L'Hermite
Molière
Antoine de Montchrestien
Jean Racine
Jean Rotrou
Pierre du Ruyer

## 18th century

Pierre Beaumarchais
Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon
Claude Prosper Jolyot de Crébillon
Pierre de Marivaux
Voltaire

## 19th century

Honoré de Balzac
Georges Courteline
François Curel
Georges Feydeau
Victor Hugo
Alfred Jarry
Eugène Labiche
Alfred de Musset

## 20th century

Henri Berstein
Edouard Bourdet
Eugène Brieux
Paul Claudel
Jean Cocteau
Sacha Guitry
# Translating German Drama

This site is meant for translating theatre plays from German to English. It can be used as a course requirement in drama schools or while learning the German language.
Playwrights of any century may be used, provided the work is not copyrighted in German.

## 18th century

Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Friedrich Schiller
Gotthold Ephraim Lessing

## 19th century

Georg Büchner
Heinrich von Kleist
Gerhart Hauptmann
Frank Wedekind

## 20th century

Bertolt Brecht
# Transformational Communities

—Making a difference
While billions of people throughout the world face grand challenges, many of us squander our time on idle gossip, small talk, bickering, attending ineffective meetings, and engaging in other pleasant but trivial and ineffective actions.
Fortunately, at least two authors, Peter Block and Harrison Owen, have each written books that can help us transform our communities.
In his book Community: The Structure of Belonging, Peter block describes actions we can take to transform our communities. He has generously given permission to reprint his book at a glance. Use this guide, and ideally his book, to hold transformational community gatherings.
In his book Open Space Technology: A User's Guide, Harrison Owen describes an approach for hosting meetings, conferences, corporate-style retreats, and community summit events, focused on a specific and important purpose or task. These gatherings can be transformational. The Wikiversity course Open Space Technology is adapted from his book. Studying that course, and perhaps reading the book, can prepare you to hold gatherings that can transform communities.
Additionally, many courses in the Coming Together curriculum can help people who are working to transform communities. Courses that are especially relevant include:
* Unleashing Creativity—Welcoming new and useful ideas
* Practicing Dialogue—Thinking together

### Assignment:

* Use The Structure of Belonging approach,
* or the Open Space Technology approach to
* Transform communities for the good.

## Recommended Reading

Students interested in transforming communities may wish to study the following materials:
* Block, Peter (2009). Community: The Structure of Belonging. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. pp. 264. ISBN 978-1605092775 .
* Owen, Harrison (April 21, 2008). Open Space Technology: A User's Guide. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. pp. ‎192. ISBN 978-1576754764.
# Transgender studies

A subfield of LGBT studies, transgender studies provides an approach to gender studies, gay and lesbian studies, and sexuality studies by studying the intersections of sex and gender with identity and culture. Interdisciplinary subfields of transgender studies include transgender history, transgender literature & film, transgender anthropology & archaeology, transgender psychology, transgender health, etc. Other non-transgender-identified peoples are often also included under the "trans" umbrella for transgender studies, such as intersex peoples, crossdressers, drag artists, other-gendered or other-sexed individuals, and genderfluid, etc. peoples.

## Theories utilized

* queer theory

## Subfields

* intersex biology
    Study of intersexuality throughout the biological world.
* transgender anthropology / transgender sociology
    The anthropological study of trans peoples and cultures and their interactions with(in) cisgender societies.
* transgender health / intersex health
    Study of endocrinology and surgical methods to help trans and intersex people. Includes trans and intersex sexual health.
* transgender history / transgender archaeology
    Recovering the buried trans people of history.
* transgender literature
    Literature studies by trans authors and works featuring trans characters. Film studies (trans people in film) is often included under literature as well.
* transgender psychology
    The psychology of the transgender experience. Roots of the mental formation of gender identity. Also includes trans gender roles in animals (animal psychology).
# PlanetPhysics/Statics

Statics is that branch of mechanics which deals with forces applied to a body or a member of bodies at rest.
# PlanetPhysics/Stokes Theorem

{\mathbf Stokes' theorem}:\, The surface integral of the curl of a vector function is equal to the line integral of that vector function taken around the closed curve bounding that surface.
   $\int \int _{S}\nabla \times {\mathbf {W} }\cdot d{\mathbf {a} }=\oint _{O}{\mathbf {W} }\cdot d{\mathbf {r} }$
On account of its great importance in all branches of mathematical physics, a number of different proofs of this theorem will be given.

### Proof I.

soon to come...
# PlanetPhysics/Spherical Coordinate Motion Example of Generalized Coordinates

As an example let us get the equations in spherical coordinates for the motion.
Where
$x=r\cos \theta ,\,\,\,\,\,\,y=r\sin \theta \cos \phi ,\,\,\,\,\,\,z=r\sin \theta \sin \phi ,$
$T={\frac {m}{2}}\left[{\dot {r}}^{2}+r^{2}{\dot {\theta }}^{2}r^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta {\dot {\phi }}^{2}\right].$
${\frac {\partial T}{\partial {\dot {r}}}}=m{\dot {r}},$
${\frac {\partial T}{\partial r}}=mr\left[{\dot {\theta }}^{2}+\sin ^{2}\theta {\dot {\phi }}^{2}\right],$
${\frac {\partial T}{\partial {\dot {\theta }}}}=mr^{2}{\dot {\theta }},$
${\frac {\partial T}{\partial \theta }}=mr^{2}\sin \theta \cos \theta {\dot {\phi }}^{2},$
${\frac {\partial T}{\partial {\dot {\phi }}}}=mr^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta {\dot {\phi }}.$
$\delta _{r}W=m\left[{\ddot {r}}-r\left({\dot {\theta }}^{2}+\sin ^{2}\theta {\dot {\phi }}^{2}\right)\right]\delta r=R\delta r,$
$\delta _{\theta }W=m\left[{\frac {d}{dt}}\left(r^{2}{\dot {\theta }}\right)-r^{2}\sin \theta \cos \theta {\dot {\phi }}^{2}\right]\delta \theta =\Theta r\delta \theta ,$
$\delta _{\phi }W=m{\frac {d}{dt}}\left(r^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta {\dot {\phi }}\right)\delta \phi =\Phi r\sin \theta \delta \phi ;$
or
$m\left\{{\frac {d^{2}r}{dt^{2}}}-r\left[\left({\frac {d\theta }{dt}}\right)^{2}+\sin ^{2}\theta \left({\frac {d\phi }{dt}}\right)^{2}\right]\right\}=R,$
${\frac {m}{r}}\left[{\frac {d}{dt}}\left(r^{2}{\frac {d\theta }{dt}}\right)-r^{2}\sin \theta \cos \theta \left({\frac {d\phi }{dt}}\right)^{2}\right]=\Theta ,$
${\frac {m}{r\sin \theta }}{\frac {d}{dt}}\left(r^{2}\sin ^{2}\theta {\frac {d\phi }{dt}}\right)=\Phi .$
# PlanetPhysics/Statistical Entropy

Statistical Entropy is a definition of entropy based on statistical Thermodynamics. The definition is
$S=k_{B}\ln \Omega$
where $k_{B}$ is Boltzmann's constant, $1.38066\times 10^{-23}JK^{-1}$, and $\Omega$ is the number of microstates corresponding to the observed thermodynamic macrostate.
A microstate of the thermodynamic system is one possible complete microscopic description of the system. For example, for an ideal gas, this would contain one possible set of values for all the positions and velocities of all the particles on the gas.
A macrostate of the thermodynamic system is one possible set of values for the externally measurable information about the system, such as the temperature, pressure, and volume.
The definition above assumes that all the microstates are equally probable. If they are not, the equation is
$S=-k_{B}\ln \sum _{i}{p_{i}\ln p_{i}}$
where the microstates are indexed by $i$ and $p_{i}$ is the probability that the system is in microstate $i$.
The equation was first introduced by Ludwig Boltzmann in 1877.
# PlanetPhysics/Stephen William Hawking
## Stephen William Hawking

Eminent, British mathematical physicist specialized in cosmological and big-bang theories-- was born on January 8th, 1942 (exactly 300 years after the death of Galileo) in Oxford, England.
The following is his biographical, verbatim statement at his official website: "Stephen Hawking has worked on the basic laws which govern the universe. With Roger Penrose he showed that Einstein's General Theory of Relativity implied space and time would have a beginning in the Big Bang and an end in black holes. These results indicated that it was necessary to unify General Relativity with Quantum Theory, the other great Scientific development of the first half of the 20th Century. One consequence of such a unification that he discovered was that black holes should not be completely black, but rather should emit radiation and eventually evaporate and disappear. Another conjecture is that the universe has no edge or boundary in imaginary time. This would imply that the way the universe began was completely determined by the laws of science."
His many publications include: The Large Scale Structure of spacetime with G. F. R. Ellis, ""General Relativity: An Einstein Centenary Survey , with. W Israel, and ""300 Years of Gravity , with W. Israel. Stephen Hawking has three popular books published; his best seller "A Brief History of Time, Black Holes and Baby Universes", and other essays.
Professor Stephen William Hawking has twelve honorary degrees. He was awarded the CBE in 1982, and was made a Companion of Honor in 1989. He is a Fellow of The Royal Society, a Member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, and the recipient of numerous international awards, medals and prizes.
PUBLICATIONS OF S.W. HAWKING, as of 28th November 2008
# Solidarity Economy in Latin America/Villa El Salvador

Location: Peru
Located on the outskirts of Lima
Website: https://www.munives.gob.pe/
Social Media: https://twitter.com/VesMuni
Journalistic Resources:
https://thecityfix.com/blog/lima-peru-villa-el-salvador-story-ordered-informal-development-thomas-abbot-robin-king/
https://www.fpa.es/en/princess-of-asturias-awards/laureates/1987-villa-el-salvador.html?texto=trayectoria&especifica=0
http://www.amigosdevilla.it/historia.htm
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/jan/17/peru-rainbow-barrio-ideals-nation-right-villa-el-salvador
Academic Resources:
https://www.cairn-int.info/article-E_MED_124_0113--evolution-of-collective-action-in-villa.htm

## Details of the Work
### Goals or Focus

a healthy, clean and green city
an educational community
a productive and wealth-generating district
a supportive community
a democratic community

### Partnerships

Villa El Salvador (the CUAVES), Association of small industrialists (APEMIVES), Industrial Park

### Values

citizenship and representative democracy

### General Category

housing, land, food, education, health, cooperative governance

### Timeframe

1971
# Solution-focused problem solving

This is a page to explore solution-oriented approaches to problem solving.

## What is it?

An invitation (through a series of questions) to identify what it would be like if a situation was solved, what would need to be different to get to that solution, and actions to take to get there.
By following an action-reflection cycle, one can then iterate towards a solution.
The problem with problem-focused approaches to problem-solving is that often the frameworks used to describe and define problems can interfere with envisaging and implementing solutions.

## When to use it?

Problem conditions which Swenson and Anstett (n.d.) suggest are particularly appropriate for a solution focused approach include:
* High complexity (elements, interconnections, or rate of change in elements or relationships)
* Recurrent problems (often indicates that first-order attempts at change have been unsuccessful)
* Problem escalation. (often indicates that first-order attempts at change have been unsuccessful)
* Inaction. (Stalemate due to lack of agreed definition, conclusion, or action to take. Can indicate being too tied to past frameworks or investments).

## Suggested readings

* Solution-focused brief therapy
* Solution-focused problem solving: Finding exceptions that work (Swenson & Anstett)
# Solution-focused brief therapy

Solution focused brief therapy (SFBT), often referred to as simply 'solution focused therapy' or 'brief therapy', is a type of talking therapy that is based upon social constructionist philosophy. It focuses on what clients want to achieve through therapy rather than on the problem(s) that made them to seek help. The approach does not focus on the past, but instead, focuses on the present and future. The therapist/counselor uses respectful curiosity to invite the client to envision their preferred future and then therapist and client start attending to any moves towards it whether these are small increments or large changes. To support this, questions are asked about the client’s story, strengths and resources, and about exceptions to the problem.
Solution focused therapists believe that change is constant. By helping people identify the things that they wish to have change in their life and also to attend to those things that are currently happening that they wish to continue happening, SFBT therapists help their clients to construct a concrete vision of a preferred future for themselves. The SFBT therapist then helps the client to identify times in their current life that are closer to this future, and examines what is different on these occasions. By bringing these small successes to their awareness, and helping them to repeat these successful things they do when the problem is not there or less severe, the therapists helps the client move towards the preferred future they have identified.
Solution focused work can be seen as a way of working that focuses exclusively or predominantly at two things. 1) Supporting people to explore their preferred futures. 2) Exploring when, where, with whom and how pieces of that preferred future are already happening. While this is often done using a social constructionist perspective the approach is practical and can be achieved with no specific theoretical framework beyond the intention to keep as close as possible to these two things.
# Solution Architecture/Elaborating

* Determining the Solution Architecture
* The Assessment Framework
* Understanding Security
# Solidarity Economy in Latin America/Via Organica

Location: San Miguel de Allende, Mexico
Details of the Work
Goals or Focus:
Vía Orgánica is an organization looking to teach farmers, consumers and visitors about healthy nutrition, while taking care of the environment and providing an important economic ecosystem in Mexico. Their mission is to form networks of farmers that still own their own land and to teach them how to take care of in order to produce high quality products with it. They also want to educate the community so that even the unhealthiest piece of land has a chance to recover through good practices, just as our own unhealthy practices or eating habits can be transformed to reach a wholesome lifestyle.
Values:
Sustainable Farming, Food Education, Generational Wealth
General Category:
Education, Sustainability, and Food Security
Time Frame:
Via Orgánica was created in 2009 and came out from the "Organic Consumers Association", a national network of consumers of organic products in the United States, which promotes health, justice, sustainability, peace and democracy.