OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Thailand/National Elephant Day

Thai government declared ‘Thai National Elephant Day’ or ‘Chang Thai Day’ (Thai: วันช้างไทย) on 26th May 1998 and it was set to be celebrated on the 13th of March every year, The reason that the Thai government choose this day to be Thai National Elephant Day is because this day was the day that the white elephant was added to the old version of the Thai flag.

## Overview

Thai people and elephants have had a long relationship since ancient times. Elephants are the Thai national animal because they have had many significant roles, for instance, transportation, labor, and even in war. Thus, elephants are very important to Thailand, but they may go extinct because of many factors such as habitat invasion by humans and climate change. The number of Thai elephants has been reduced from 100,000 to 2000 – 3000 during the past 100 years.

## Purpose

There are three aims for Chang Thai day. The first point is to show how significant elephants are to Thailand. The second point is to show the firm connection between Thai people and elephants. Lastly, this event also promotes awareness in people’s minds to protect and conserve the Thai elephant population.

## Activities

To raise the people’s awareness, activities for elephants have been set up and people can come to join in them too. The activities include buffet food for elephants, a traditional blessing ceremony, and a special elephant show. The organizers of these activities are usually organized by Chiang Mai University and Mae Sa Elephant Camp.

## Note

* ↑ ,number of elephants
* ↑ Chiang Mai University, additional information about Chiang Mai University
* ↑ Mae Sa Elephant Camp,additional information about Mae Sa Elephant Camp
# Test and Quiz/Sandbox/randomorder

| Wrong1 | Wrong3 | Right | Wrong4 |
http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Test_and_Quiz/Sandbox/randomorder&action=purge
| Question goes here A text goes here C text goes here B text goes here D text goes here Answer for A goes here   Answer for C goes here   Answer for B goes here   Answer for D goes here | Question goes here A text goes here C text goes here B text goes here D text goes here Answer for A goes here   Answer for C goes here   Answer for B goes here   Answer for D goes here | Question goes here A text goes here C text goes here B text goes here D text goes here Answer for A goes here   Answer for C goes here   Answer for B goes here   Answer for D goes here | Question goes here A text goes here C text goes here B text goes here D text goes here Answer for A goes here   Answer for C goes here   Answer for B goes here   Answer for D goes here |
# Testing differences

This statistics resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
In statistics, there is often interest in comparing the data for two or more variables in order to help determine whether there are 'real' mean differences, and the size of any differences.
Such questions can be tackled using t-tests where the dependent variables are reasonably normal and with similar variances. Alternatively, several non-parametric statistics can be applied when such assumptions cannot be met.

## Types

| Sample | Parametric | Non-parametric |
| One-sample | One sample t-test | Chi-Square goodness-of-fit test |
| Independent samples | Independent samples t-test | Mann-Whitney U test, Chi-Square test for two independent samples |
| Dependent samples | Paired samples t-test | Wilcoxon signed-rank test, Binomial test |

## Considerations

If you have access to the population data, then a descriptive approach could well be sufficient for meaningfully reporting on the data.
However, if you only have a sample, then inferential statistics can help in drawing conclusions about possible differences in the target population.
# Textbook

This Education resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
This is a learning resource about textbooks and their use in education. Feel free to discuss about any type of textbook. Remember, however, that Wikibooks is the recommended place for creating online textbooks (rather than Wikiversity which is for learning activities).
Wikiversity learning projects can "assemble material that would contribute to a Wikibooks textbook for that subject".
# Test and treat

HIV: Increased HAART Coverage Associated With 50 Percent Drop in New Infections
'start HAART as soon as found to be infected' - SF Endorses New Policy for Treatment of H.I.V.
Start HAART Immediately Upon Diagnosis - San Francisco To Unveil New Public Health Policy for HIV/AIDS Treatment
Test and Treat Model: Feasibility for Implementation in Africa
Truvada cuts HIV risk significantly in S.F. study
San Francisco Endorses New HIV Strategy: Begin HAART Therapy Immediately
# Texting While Driving

It is important to understand the dangers of Texting while operating a motor vehicle, especially as a youth ages 18-20. According to the Federal Communications Commission, 40% of all American Teens have admitted to texting while driving within the past six months. According to the CDC, 31% of drivers ages 18-64 have admitted to using their cellular device while driving within the past month. These numbers are staggering, especially when vehicular accidents are examined. According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, traveling at 55mph during the five seconds an individual looks down at a phone is equivalent to driving a football field while distracted. This is plenty of room to create an accident, and this is exactly what is happening. According to the US Department of Transportation, 6% of drivers between 18-20 years old were using a cellular phone during an auto accident out of 718 surveyed. These facts are startling, and if you believe you're skilled enough to engage in Texting while driving, chances are good for you to be in the next accident.

## External Links

* Wikipedia: Texting while driving
* CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/motorvehiclesafety/distracted_driving/
* FCC: http://www.fcc.gov/guides/texting-while-driving
* NHTSA: http://www.stoptextsstopwrecks.org/#home
* USDOT: http://www.distraction.gov/download/811611.pdf
# Thailand

Thailand, officially the Kingdom of Thailand, formerly known as Siam, is a country at the centre of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India on the Andaman Sea to the southwest.

## Resources

* National Elephant Day

## See Also

* Comparative law and justice/Thailand
* Cooking/Recipes/Thai
# Nonlinear finite elements/Quiz 0

Please answer the following questions. Answers such as "don't know", "knew once but have forgotten", and "never seen that before" are acceptable.
    $\mathbf {K} \mathbf {d} =\mathbf {f}$
    What is the physical meaning of the equation (think Newton's laws)?
    ${\boldsymbol {\nabla }}\bullet {\boldsymbol {\sigma }}=0$
    What do the symbols mean?
    ${\frac {\partial T}{\partial t}}-{\frac {1}{C_{v}~\rho }}{\boldsymbol {\nabla }}\bullet ({\boldsymbol {\kappa }}\bullet {\boldsymbol {\nabla }}T)=Q$
    What do the symbols mean?
# Nonlinear finite elements/Quiz 1
## Quiz

Answer the following questions. You have 15 minutes.
Heat conduction in an isotropic material with a constant thermal conductivity and no internal heat sources is described by Laplace's equation
    $\nabla ^{2}T=0~\qquad ~{\text{or,}}\qquad {\frac {\partial ^{2}T}{\partial x^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}T}{\partial y^{2}}}+{\frac {\partial ^{2}T}{\partial z^{2}}}=0~.$
* Derive a symmetric weak form for the Laplace equation in 1-D (an insulated rod).
* What are the expressions for the components of the finite element stiffness matrix ($K_{ij}$) and the load vector ($f_{i}$) for this 1-D problem?
* Assume that the one of ends of the rod is maintained at a temperature of $T_{1}$ (which is nonzero) and the other end has a prescribed heat flux of $Q_{2}$. If we discretize the rod into two elements, what does the reduced finite element system of equations look like? You do not have to work out the terms of the stiffness matrix - just use generic labels.
* Now, assume that the thermal conductivity of the material varies with temperature. What form does the governing equation take? (We will call this the modified problem.)
* List the steps needed to solve the modified problem using finite elements.
# Plattdüütsch Orthography

Low German is written using the Latin alphabet. There is no true standard orthography, only several locally more or less accepted orthographic guidelines, those in the Netherlands mostly based on Dutch orthography, and those in Germany mostly based on German orthography. There is a standard orthography which was invented by "Sass". It is mostly used by modern official publications and internet sites, especially the Low German Wikipedia. This diversity, a result of centuries of official neglect and suppression, has a very fragmenting and thus weakening effect on the language as a whole, since it has created barriers that do not exist on the spoken level. Interregional and international communication is severely hampered by this. Most of these systems aim at representing the phonetic (allophonic) output rather than underlying (phonemic) representations but trying to conserve many etymological spellings. Furthermore, many writers follow guidelines only roughly. This adds numerous idiosyncratic and often inconsistent ways of spelling to the already existing great orthographic diversity.
In 2011, writers of the Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia developed a spelling that would be suitable and applicable to all varieties of Low Saxon in the Netherlands, although the semi-official dialect institutes have not picked up on this, or indicated that they believed that yet another writing system will only further confuse dialect writers, rather than suit them. The new spelling was introduced to the Dutch Low Saxon Wikipedia, to unify the spelling of categories, templates and comparable source code writings.
Return to Plattdüütsch Portal.
# Plattdüütsch Phonology
## Vowels

| IPA | Description | word |
| monophthongs |||
| i~iː | Close front unrounded vowel | hier |
| ɪ | Near-close near-front unrounded vowel | Kind |
| ɛ | Open-mid front unrounded vowel | fern |
| ɑ | Open back unrounded vowel | daal |
| ɔ | Half-open back rounded vowel | Bott |
| o | Half-closed back rounded vowel | Foorm |
| ʊ | Near-close near-back rounded vowel | smuck |
| u~uː | Closed back rounded vowel | Buuk |
| y | Close front rounded vowel | Hüüs |
| ɐ | Near-open central vowel | Lehrer |
| a~aː | Open-mid central unrounded vowel | Barg |
| ə | Schwa | vele |
| e | Close front unrounded vowel | Deel |

## Consonants

Since there is no standard Low German, there is no standard Low German consonant system. The table shows the consonant system of North Saxon, a West Low Saxon dialect.
| | Labial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal-Velar | Glottal |
| Plosive | p b | t d | | k ɡ | |
| Fricative | f v | s z | ʃ | x ɣ | h |
| Nasal | m | n | | ŋ | |
| Approximant | | r | l | | |
# Plato

Plato may refer to:
* Philosophers: Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
* Computer-based learning system: PLATO (all caps) / PLATO Learning Systems, Inc. / TRO Learning, Inc.
# Plattdüütsch Numbers

Note: This table uses a Low German orthography that is more orientated at the language's features rules than the orthography of Sass does.
| English | Low German | Dutch | German |
| one | een | een | eins |
| two | twee | twee | zwei |
| three | dree | dree | drei |
| four | veer | vier | vier |
| five | fiev | vijf | fünf |
| six | söss | zes | sechs |
| seven | söven | zeven | sieben |
| eigth | acht | acht | acht |
| nine | negen | negen | neun |
| ten | tein | tien | zehn |
| eleven | ölven | elf | elf |
| twelve | twölv | twaalf | zwölf |
| thirteen$^1$ | dörtein$^1$ | dertien$^1$ | dreizehn |
| fourteen | veertein | veertien | vierzehn |
| fifteen$^1$ | fofftein$^1$ | vijftien | fünfzehn |
| sixteen | sösstein | zestien | sechszehn |
| seventeen | söventein | zeventien | siebzehn |
| eighteen | achttein | achttien | achtzehn |
| nineteen | negentein | negentien | neunzehn |
| twenty | twintig | twintig | zwanzig |
| twenty-one | eenuntwintig | eenentwintig | einundzwanzig |
Annotations: $^1$ One sees that in English, Low German and partly in Dutch the first number in "thirteen" and "fifteen" changes, the r changes places due to r-metathesis in "thirteen" and the vowel in "fifteen" becomes short.
Furthermore German has evolved quite differently through the second sound shift, so its forms have become quite distinct to the other varieties shown here which all have together that they weren't affected by that sound shift.

## Portal

* Wikilang/Plattdüütsch Portal
# Where is Jaisle?

This worksheet is used as a platform to conduct an interview with Jaisle's father
Jaisle Elizabeth Thomas is a 17 year old girl who disappeared in Richmond, Virginia on April 12, 1998. On the day of April 12, the young teenager notified her family that she was going to the University of Richmond to work on an AP assignment. Instead of arriving at the campus, she drove to the Willey Bridge and was described, as by eyewitnesses that Sunday, as "walking away" from her vehicle. The car was reported to be abandoned on the bridge at 3:20 PM that day, with officers arriving at 4:00 PM to assess the situation. At about 10:00PM, her family became increasingly worried as they expected her to be back from her shift at Ukrop.
The keys to her car were missing, but her Bible, wallet, driver's license, some cash, her uniform for Ukrop's grocery store (a store she worked at), her paycheck, her camera, and her sneakers were found inside the car.
She was supposed to go on a trip to New York the following week as Easter holidays were taking place. She was also supposed to give an announcement to her church that Sunday.

## Background

Jaisle E. Thomas was born in Brooklyn, New York on March 3, 1981 and was attending Tucker High School at the time of her disappearance. She was in the 11th grade. She was described as "religious", "intelligent", and "well-behaved".

## 2001 Letter by Rev. Dr. Thomas Ambalaveli V.

Rev. Dr. Thomas Ambalaveli V. is Jaisle's father. In a 2001 letter written to friends, he reviewed the case of her missing daughter.
Dr. Thomas noted that Mr. Stephen Vass arrived on scene and told the family that he was going to conduct a dog search in the area - which was never done, according to Dr. Thomas. The next day, officer Timothy Morris took over the case and was described as not taking the case "seriously" for its remainder. The local fire department conducted a search throughout the river, but found no leads.
Dr. Thomas denies that this is a "suicide" or "runaway" case and insists that this was a homicide/kidnapping case done by peers that were "angry/jealous" with her. He believes she is still alive (as of 2001).
# WheelChair/Howard Community College/fall2012/p3-503-SMVS/joystick inventory

Joystick inventory The following pictures are the joysticks we have at the shop and the caption says the make and model number
# Which hands do you think is best (for Wikiversity) ?

Which hands do you like best (for Wikiversity) ?
You and I "see" the world with our senses. One of it is with the hands. Can you see at the moment the hand of another Wikiversity participant ? What kind of hand form do you think the other human Wikiversity participant has at the moment ?

## How would you react on the displayed hand forms normally ? Which do you prefer ?

* What kind of feelings awake in another human being when you greet that being with a fist ?
* In which scenarios can you help someone with a fist ?
* Which hand form allows you better to feel: the warmth of another person, the emotions of the other being, ... ?

## One can use hands for different things:

* bring love
* bring joy
* typing + helping others increase their learning experience at Wikiversity

## Comments

* My favourite I think/feel is Image:Computer keyboard.gif because it shows hands in action via keyboard, which then connect with other hands on other keyboards, via Wikiversity, connecting heart/minds, etc. -- Jtneill - Talk - c 11:38, 9 September 2008 (UTC)
* I prefer Image:Hands.svg; it emphasizes the connection between different individuals and the need for cooperation. The Jade Knight 10:55, 16 September 2008 (UTC)
* My favourite hasn't been added here. It is File:Crossed fingers P1442-rot90.jpeg. It evokes feelings of optimism and anticipation. In a metaphor it would be the moment between ordering an ice-cream and receiving the ice-cream. Or the moment between clicking on the "Save Page" button and seeing the saved page. =Benjamin= ( t ) · ( c ) · ( e ) 08:23, 27 June 2010 (UTC)
* I prefer Image:Hands.svg. It symbolizes overcoming racism. Ganeshprasadkp (discuss • contribs) 14:09, 26 February 2018 (UTC)
# Whisky

Whisky(whiskey) is a type of liquor made from fermented grain mash. Various grains are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, and wheat. Whisky is typically aged in charred wooden oak casks.

## Names

There is two ways you can spell whisky. It's whisky or whiskey. The spelling whiskey is common in Ireland and the United States, while whisky is used in all other whisky-producing countries. Whisky made in Scotland is simply called whisky within Scotland. But it is also common to be called scotch(especially in north America).

## History

When whisky was invented, it was way different from the whisky we know nowadays. Originally, it was not aged in oak casks, so it was very raw and strong in alcohol content. The earliest mention of whiskey in Ireland comes from the Annals of Clonmacnoise, which attributes the death of a chieftain in 1405 to "taking a surfeit of aqua vitae" at Christmas. In Scotland, the first evidence of whisky production comes from an entry in the Exchequer Rolls for 1495 where malt is sent "To Friar John Cor, by order of the king, to make aquavitae", enough to make about 500 bottles.

## Types

You can split whisky into 2 majors.
* Malt whisky – made from malted barley
* Grain whisky – made from any type of grain
If we go deeper into it, there is nine types of whiskies.
* Rye Whiskey
* Canadian Whiskey
* Japanese Whiskey
* Bourbon Whiskey
* Tennessee Whiskey
* Irish Whiskey
* Scotch Whiskey
* Blended Whiskey
* Single Malt Whiskey

## Chemistry

Whisky is complex beverage that contains a vast range of flavoring compounds. The flavoring chemicals include carbonyl compounds, alcohols, carboxylic acids and their esters, nitrogen and sulfur-containing compounds, tannins, and other polyphenolic compounds, terpenes, and oxygen-containing, heterocyclic compounds and esters of fatty acids. The nitrogen compounds include pyridines, picolines and pyrazines.
# WheelChair/Howard Community College/fall2012/p3-503-SMVS/fixing motor

we opened up the motor and here are the pictures we got from the motor
# Where to start in astrophysics
## Popular Science and Astrophysics: Where to start?

A good place for aspiring Astrophysicists to start is to read the popular science books such as Stephen Hawking's "A Briefer History of Time" and Kip Thorne's "Black Holes and Time Warps" as well as the popular science magazines "New Scientist" and "Scientific American". They offer a flavour of what Astrophysics is about, they pose daunting and perplexing questions while attempting to provide erudite answers: How well do we understand the Universe?
They serve to provide a 'taster' and it is highly recommended to read about Astrophysics in a popular context before attempting to fully tackle an Astrophysics degree. This is especially true for inquisitive teenagers, if they can follow the arguments provided by popular science books then they will have a far better start over someone whom has not read said books. If these books seem too difficult or are too boring then it would be better to think about doing another degree. Succinctly, Astrophysics is a tough degree and requires a lot of effort. At times it may seem boring or very challenging but this is as much a test of character as it is a test of intellect.
If these books hold your interest and you still want to pursue Astrophysics then keep reading.
Good luck!
# Who is Satoshi Nakamoto, the creator of Bitcoin?

Satoshi Nakamoto is the name used by the presumed pseudonymous person or persons who developed bitcoin, authored the bitcoin white paper, and created and deployed bitcoin's original reference implementation.

## Hal Finney

Harold Thomas Finney II (May 4, 1956 – August 28, 2014) was a developer for PGP Corporation, and was the second developer hired after Phil Zimmermann.

### Arguments for

* Pro Hal Finney lived near a man named Dorian Satoshi Nakamoto, he could have been inspired by him for his pseudonym.

### Arguments against

* Con Hal Finney's first contributions were corrections to the Bitcoin code, including cryptographic errors.
** Objection This argument does not prove or disprove Finney´s relation with Nakamoto.

## Nick Szabo

Nicholas "Nick" Szabo is a computer scientist, legal scholar, and cryptographer known for his research in digital contracts and digital currency.

### Arguments for

* Pro Szabo's writing style is the closest to that of Satoshi Nakamoto.

### Arguments against

* Con Nick Szabo denied to be Satoshi Nakamoto.
* Con Nick Szabo designed Bit gold under his real name.
** Objection This argument does not prove or disprove anything. Maybe he would have wanted to be anonymous on a new creation, bitcoin.
*** Objection But it makes it less likely that Szabo will change his anonymity behaviour.

## Craig Wright

Craig Steven Wright (born October 1970) is an Australian computer scientist and businessman. He has publicly claimed to be the main part of the team that created bitcoin, and the identity behind the pseudonym Satoshi Nakamoto.

### Arguments for

* Pro He is skilled with Bitcoin Script.

### Arguments against

* Con Craig Wright claimed to be Satoshi Nakamoto without providing public cryptographic proof.
* Con Craig Wright makes technical mistakes on subjects he should have mastered to create Bitcoin.

## Adam Back

Adam Back (born July 1970) is a British cryptographer and cypherpunk. He is the CEO of Blockstream, which he co-founded in 2014. He invented Hashcash, which is used in the Bitcoin mining process.

### Arguments for

* Pro Satoshi Nakamoto wrote in British English and referred to the British newspaper Times in the genesis block.
** Objection This could easily be a strategy to confuse the issue of his/her identity.
* Pro Both Satoshi Nakamoto and Adam Back consistently used two spaces after each sentence in the Bitcoin Forum.
** Objection The use of two spaces was common in the Anglo-Saxon world until at least the 2000s.

### Arguments against

* Con All of Adam Back's cryptocurrency-related projects (both before and after Bitcoin, including Hashcash and Blockstream) have been conducted publicly under his real name.
* Con Adam Back denied to be Satoshi Nakamoto.
** Objection Denying to be someone does not make it any less plausible that he is Satoshi Nakamoto.
# Quizbank/Under construction/Basic Physics of Digital Radiography

The first quiz to be converted tyo quizbank form has been lifted from Wikibooks:Basic Physics of Digital Radiography/The Quiz
# Quizbank/Under construction/Pressure and manometer

The relationship between the variables in these problems is given by this formulation:
    $s\times 1000+1000\times 9.8\times {\frac {a}{100}}=1000\times \left(8.5\times {\frac {b}{100}}+13.6\times {\frac {c}{100}}\right)\times 9.8$
Do not memorize this formula! Instead, learn to derive it from what you already know.