OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# WikiJournal Preprints/Semantics of an imperative logic

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## Article information

Author: Trace Fleeman y Garcia
* ↑ tracefleemangarcia@gmail.com

## Introduction

name of image creator, CC-BY 3.0
Manuscript text goes here

### Performance theory of truth
## Semantics of an imperative logic

The essential premise of this paper is that imperatives are anterior to propositions. Imperatives are necessarily social phenomena, the parallel between the performative act of truth in Strawson's theory should be clear. They are used to structure the space in which propositions inhabit, in fact their sole function is to establish propositions. Thus the imperative operator $!$ carries a meaning incredibly similar to the truth function in F. P. Ramsey's theory of truth, which is an important precursor. That is, within classical logic, $!P$ can only be

## Imperative statements in informal logic and natural language

While classical logic does not normally concern itself with commands, other logics do regularly utilize imperatives. In mathematical logic, proof by contradiction is usually rendered in natural language with imperative statements:
   Suppose $\neg p$.
While perhaps overly-simplistic, suppose (and assume) are imperatives. They do not have a logic value, but are rather artifacts of natural language. The above statement would simply be rendered as $\neg p$ in formal logic, a simple deceleration.
This highlights the actual function of the imperative as anterior to the logical content. Our formalization of imperatives

## Problems with imperative logic

A major flaw in this conception of imperative logic is that it greatly simplifies imperative statements (which in natural language are incredibly complex and diverse) to a simple operator on a proposition.

## Additional information
### Acknowledgements

Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

### Competing interests

Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

### Ethics statement

An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.
# WikiJournal Preprints/Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor

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WikiJournal of Science
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WikiJournal User Group is a publishing group of open-access, free-to-publish, Wikipedia-integrated academic journals. <seo title=" Wikiversity Journal User Group, WikiJournal Free to publish, Open access, Open-access, Non-profit, online journal, Public peer review "/>
This is an editorial article and is published without peer review.
Suggested (provisional) preprint citation format: WikiJournal Preprints/Sunflower Trypsin Inhibitor, Wikidata Q7640042

## Article information

Author: Firstname Lastname
* ↑ email@address.com

## Introduction

Manuscript text goes here

### Subheading
## Enzymatic Activity

SFTI-1 is the smallest member of the Bowman-Birk family of serine protease inhibitors. With only 14 amino acid residues, it is much smaller than any other Bowman-Birk inhibitor. It has only one active site, whereas most Bowman-Birk inhibitors have two. Despite its name SFTI-1 can inhibit a range of serine proteases, not just trypsin.

## Evolution and Distribution

SFTI-1 and two other PDPs are protease inhibitors. The function of other PDPs is unknown, thought it si speculated that they may have defensive properties.

## Additional information
### Acknowledgements

M.F. was supported by the Australian Government’s Research Training Program and a Bruce and Betty Green Postgraduate Research Scholarship.

### Competing interests

The authors have no competing interests.

### Ethics statement

Not applicable.
# WikiJournal Preprints/Societal Paradigm in Environmental Conservation and Biodiversity Preservation: Insights from Arunachal Pradesh

WikiJournal Preprints Open access • Publication charge free • Public peer review
WikiJournal of Science
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Editorial guidelines Ethics statement Bylaws Indexing Financials and reports 1-year/3-year plan Proposed platform Meeting minutes Calendar
WikiJournal User Group is a publishing group of open-access, free-to-publish, Wikipedia-integrated academic journals. <seo title=" Wikiversity Journal User Group, WikiJournal Free to publish, Open access, Open-access, Non-profit, online journal, Public peer review "/>
This article is an unpublished pre-print not yet undergoing peer review.
To submit this article for peer review, please: Submit authorship declaration form
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## Article information

Author: Techi Tara
* ↑ Department of Rural Development and Agricultural Production, North-Eastern Hill University, Tura Campus, Meghalaya, India

## Additional information
### Acknowledgements

Any people, organisations, or funding sources that you would like to thank.

### Competing interests

Any conflicts of interest that you would like to declare. Otherwise, a statement that the authors have no competing interest.

### Ethics statement

An ethics statement, if appropriate, on any animal or human research performed should be included here or in the methods section.
# Adolescence/Teen pregnancy

Teen Pregnancy Today
In 2012, according to the CDC, 367,752 infants were born to women aged 15-19 years creating a birth rate of 34.3 per 1,000 women in this age group (Centers for Disease Control, 2012). While this number indicates that the problem is on the decline, it is still a huge issue in the United States. With teen pregnancy comes along a whole string of issues that could be prevented if the proper preventive measures were taken to stop teen pregnancies from happening. Even though in the United States these numbers are declining, these rates along with sexually transmitted diseases, and abortion rates are still much higher than those of other industrialized nations (Centers for Disease Control, 2012). This indicates that this is an issue that still needs to be addressed.
Importance of Prevention
Teen pregnancies come with extreme costs and burden of mothers and families. According to the CDC, teen pregnancy accounts for nearly $11 billion per year in costs to taxpayers for increased health care and lost tax revenue (Centers for Disease Control, 2012). Along with the costs, teen pregnancy has been directly related to drop out rates in high school. Only about 50% of teen mothers receive a high school diploma compared to 90% of non teen mothers who receive a high school diploma (Centers for Disease Control, 2012). Children of teen mothers are also very likely to be teen mothers themselves at that age, and they tend to have much lower school achievement (Centers for Disease Control, 2012).
CDC Priority
The CDC names teen pregnancy prevention as one of the top six priorities, a winnable battle in public health, and of extreme importance to health and quality of life for youth (Centers for Disease Control, 2012). The CDC believes that factors on the basis of knowledge, skills, and beliefs, or attitudes related to teen pregnancy will be the most important to prevent teen pregnancies (Centers for Disease Control, 2012). The name specific factors and some are knowledge about sexual issues, attitudes towards condom use, intent to use a condom, and communication with parents or other adults about sex, condoms, and contraception (Centers for Disease Control, 2012). These factors, if addressed properly, could result in an even greater decline in teen pregnancies in the United States.
Condom Use
According to the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance from 2011 60.2% of sexually active students had used a condom during their last sexual intercourse (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2012). Education on condoms and their importance would help reduce the number of teen pregnancies, and help stop the spread of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV across the globe. Condoms are inexpensive and easy to get, they do not require a prescription, and can be used with other birth control methods (Planned Parenthood, 2012). The increase in condom use and other birth control methods can help continue to reduce the number of infants born to teens. A huge focus on preventing teen pregnancies should be one the increasing the use of condoms and other birth control methods.
# Adult mentoring

The adult mentoring page is intended as a main page for different learning trails about mentoring for adults. Neither the mentors nor the mentees are intended to be adolescents with the possible exception of health mentoring, where well-informed adolescents may be able to give useful advice to their parents and others.

## Learning trails

Learning trails are permuted, annotated and enhanced collections of learning resources that may serve the needs of a special topic or goal or that may link to internal or external resources of a specific type or from certain sources in order to allow a different learning experience.

### Trail map

* Health mentoring
* Parent mentoring (Mentoring for parents)
* Workplace mentoring
* Intercultural mentoring
* Academic mentoring
* Mentoring for the midlife crisis
* Mentoring for seniors
# Adolescence/Teen-Impaired Driving

Teen-impaired driving poses a threat to youth and others around them. This constitutes a serious, nation-wide problem where lives are either injured or lost when youth mix alcohol or marijuana with driving. Injuries and deaths from teen-impaired driving are preventable. Ultimately, there are a myriad of ways to become involved in the campaign against teen-impaired driving.

## Marijuana

Due to its mind-altering effects, the use of marijuana can impair short-term memory, coordination, and concentration. It can influence people’s judgment and decision-making abilities. Because marijuana may result in addiction, a rising concern is gaining accessibility to this substance. Results from the Missouri Student Survey indicate 37.9% of teenagers claim they have easy access to marijuana, and 11.4% of teenagers believe marijuana contains no risks.

## Alcohol

Concerning alcohol, 59.2% of teenagers in Missouri believe it is relatively easy to obtain alcohol, and 51.1% of teenagers have friends who currently drink. By interfering with the brain’s communication pathways, alcohol impairs one’s ability to think clearly, and it may change one’s mood and behavior drastically. Taken altogether, alcohol may impair both brain functions and motor skills—which are needed to drive safely.

## Injuries

Injuries from traffic accidents can be caused by anyone, but studies show that young drivers, motorcyclists, and impaired drivers are mostly at risk. 1 in 10 teenagers indicated they have driven under the influence of alcohol, and in 2010, 1 in 5 teen drivers were in deadly car accidents from alcohol impairment. To combat these statistics, multiple solutions have been created to reduce teen-impaired driving. These solutions include laws, regulations, graduated driver licensing systems, and parental involvement.
# Adolescence/Teenage pregnancy and prenatal care

Teens, especially those under 15 are increasingly at risk for not obtaining early prenatal care, if they do at all. Statistics have shown, in 2008, pregnant teens 15 and under only got prenatal care during their first trimester 32.9% of the time, while teens ages 15-19 only got care 54.3% of the time during their first trimester. The percentage of teens receiving no prenatal care under age 15 was 22.4%, and of teens age 15-19, 10.3% never received prenatal care. (Office of Adolescent Health).
Teen mothers often have more birthing complications, and are 5% more likely to deliver a premature baby than a woman over 20 years old. Although prenatal care can often help drastically reduce the chances of premature birth, young women are more likely to deliver preterm no matter the precautions taken. Teen moms between ages 15-19 deliver low birth weight babies 10% of the time, with mothers age 15 averaging nearly 12% LBW babies. There are many complications arising from this, many of which young mothers may be unequipped to handle. Death rates skyrocket for LBW babies. Those born under 3.5 pounds are 100 times more likely, than normal weight babies, to die in their first year of life. (March of Dimes).
# Advance Care Planning

What is Advance Care Planning?
According to the Advance Care Directive Association Inc it means thinking about, discussing and writing down your wish for care or treatment if at a future time you are unable to speak for yourself because of illness or injury .
Advance Care Planning is not just for people with a diagnosis, it is useful for everyone.
People with chronic illness are especially well-served by making their wishes for treatment known to family or carers and formalising this with a Power of Attorney document and an Advance Health Directive. It is important to give attention to these matters before the person loses the capacity to make these decisions, as legally they cannot appoint an attorney after they lose capacity. To reduce stress and conflicts, it is wise to settle these matters when a person is sound of mind.
An Enduring Power of Attorney is a legal document used to give permission to someone to conduct business or financial affairs on behalf of another person.
An Advance Health Directive is a legal document that enables an individual to give instructions about their healthcare, including special health matters, should they lose capacity to make their own decisions in these matters. Specific directions can be recorded about the care they would want and under what circumstances .

## See Also

* Portal:Law
# Advanced ANOVA

| Subpages Overview Assessment - General feedback to students Assumptions Data Readings | Tutorials Testing differences One-way ANOVA Factorial ANOVA Repeated measures ANOVA ANCOVA MANOVA Review |
| Useful things Calculators Cohensd.xls Power.xls Z table / calculator Other Greek alphabet Inferential statistics decision-making tree Multiple comparisons (Wikipedia) See also SPSS Survey research and design in psychology (3rd year) | Subject classification: this is a psychology resource. Subject classification: this is a statistics resource. Educational level: this is a tertiary (university) resource. Completion status: this resource is ~75% complete. |
# Adolescence/Drinking and Driving

Picture this: a mother, father, and friends are weeping; community members shake their heads for the tragedy. Another young adult driver’s life has been taken by impaired driving. Traffic accidents continue to be the leading cause of death in the United States for young people and alcohol consumption before driving is a deadly contributor to these crashes. In a 2005 national survey of young people in the US conducted by the CDC, 1 in 10 respondents reported having driven after drinking within the last month. The consequences of teen drinking and driving are numerous and can include death and physical injury, participating in other risky behaviors, and financial loss and community loss.
According to Hingson (2003), alcohol was involved in 50% of fatal crashes and 20% of crashes resulting in serious injury. In 2005, 23% of drivers aged 15-20 years old who died in motor vehicle crashes (MVC’s) had a blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.08% or above (CDC, 2008); in the majority of US states, this is above the legal limit to be driving. At a BAC of 0.08% the driver’s performance significantly decreases in areas such as glare recovery, complex visual tracking, parking, steering and braking. Even at as low a BAC as 0.02%, the driver experiences slowed reaction time and decision making processes. Each 0.02% increase in BAC doubles one’s likelihood of being in a fatal crash; that likelihood is even higher for drivers under the age of 21.
Added to the inherent danger of drinking and driving, one must consider other risky behaviors young people engage in while under the influence of alcohol. Teen drivers are much less likely to wear their seatbelts after having consumed alcohol, and are much more likely to speed. In fact, the CDC reports that in 2005, 74% of teen drivers killed in MVC’s were unrestrained and 38% were speeding. In addition to the threats mentioned above, one could experience financial loss. For all ages, the cost of alcohol related crashes in the US in 2005 was $51 billion (CDC, 2008). If a young driver, at the very least, gets in a fender bender as a result of drinking and driving, he will have repair costs to his vehicle. At the severe end of the spectrum, a driver might be responsible for his vehicle repair costs, the vehicle repair costs of another party, and medical bills for both parties. Legal repercussions could include a fine (if not a jail sentence), and one’s insurance rates are raised for crashes.
Finally, it must be remembered that teen drinking and driving is a community problem too. Teens that make the decision to drive after drinking are members of the community. Poor decisions will affect the community negatively. As such, the community must encourage teens to make safe decisions, such as choosing to stay in one place if they choose to consume alcohol. We must all help convince teens that the costs of drinking and driving are too heavy to bear.
# Adolescence/Teen Problems
## Teenagers' Problems

All people were or will be a teenager in their lifes. During this times, teenagers want a pink world where they are free. In their dream world, nobody can interfer them and they behave according to their feelings, but when they meet the real world, they see the difference. And then, problems start for them. Their common problems are: being not an adult, being restricted and obligations.
The first teenager problem is being not adult. They think that being an adult makes them free. So they try to look like an adult. This thought pushes them to some bad habbits. For example, in my country, starting age of smoking is nearly twelve. Drinking age is almost fourteen and these ages are decreasing from day to day. On the other hand, these behaviours show that they haven't been an adult yet.
The second problem is being restricted, in other words, having not enough freedom. In here, parents act the leading role. Parents always try to protect their child. This behaviour usually bores the child and this event becomes a big problem. For example, going out with friends at night usually brings teenager against him or her parents. Moreover, this problem can cause them run away from home.
Another problem is obligations. School is a well-known example about obligations for teenagers. Waking up early, studying lessons, being compelled to continue school etc.are so boring. All of them bore teenagers moreover, makes teenagers aggressive. Aften then, arguments with teachers start. And these problems can cause some psychological problems on teenagers. Another example is rules. 'Rules' contain not only school rules. All of rules have some bad effects on teenagers. So that every teenager tend to break rules.
In conclusion, being teenager is too difficult because of these problems. Everybody was a teenager in past or will be in future. So that adults know teenager feelings and they should help them.
# Adult education

Adult Education is the theory and field dedicated to the instruction of Adults. Contrast this with "conventional" education, which is primarily concerned with the education of children.
Adults learn differently than children learn. Children are often learning for learning's sake. Conversely, while adults may enjoy the learning process, they normally have motivations and goals, along with life experience and challenges which affect how and why they learn. This topic will explore the theory and practice of educating adults.
Learning encompasses different learning styles, delivery methods, and degrees of evaluation. Some people learn best by reading or visualizing; some by listening, and others still, by actually doing or practicing.
For delivery, there are several possibilities. Informative or instructive books; in-class instruction with an instructor teaching, or distance learning (which can be live or pre-recorded videos; or interactive) are a few methods. Evaluation can be accomplished via self-testing; quiz or multiple choice, with set answers; or a full blown examination, in which all work must be written out, or answer in essay form. Oral examinations and portfolios are useful alternatives in certain fields.
# 1000 Songs/Jesus I Am Resting Resting (Jean Pigott)

Jesus I am resting resting (Jean Sophia Pigott)
1000 Songs

## Text
### Author

was born and lived in Ireland 1845-1882. This text was published in 1876, when Pigott was around 30 years old. She published several hymns in her short life, but Resting is her best-known.

### Translations/Challenges

Some of the wording causes a challenge for the contemporary hymn editor. Most modern editors would prefer to use the more familiar pronoun "you" in place of "thy" when addressing Deity. But because several of the occurrences are at the end of a line, and therefore are necessary for a rhyme, it seems awkward to attempt to update the language. Consequently, this editor recommends for the original antiquitous beauty to be retained.
Sentimental texts always present something of a theological challenge. The danger is to start and end with "my" feelings, rather than with Christ's attributes themselves. Many songs sing of what God has done for me, rather than the nature of God himself. But Pigott's text here seems to delineate between pious reflection on the work of Christ and a self-generated romantic reflection. For example, "The joy of what Thou art" and "the greatness of Thy loving heart" balance out "made me whole" and "satisfies my heart."

### Editor's Choice

See the full text here.

## Music
### Tune

The most common tune paired with this text from the beginning is fittingly titled TRANQUILITY by James Mountain.
The hymnic meter of the text is a rather unusual 8.7.8.5(D). Consequently, finding alternative tunes is a bit challenging, with a small pool of worthy tunes. In addition, certainly the text implies a gentle, almost lulling melody.

### Arrangements

In recent years, this editor has found Matthew Smith's 2006 setting from the project ALL I OWE to be hauntingly simple and an excellent match to bring this fine text to the use of a new generation. Smith is a Nashville-based artist with a passion for resetting old hymn texts. The version of this hymn recorded by both Mathew Smith, Shelley Moore Band, and numerous other artists is a version written by David Hampton using the Jean Pigott text.

### Editor's Choice

Shelly Moore Band has an even more entrancing cover of Smith's tune made in 2008, found on YouTube at <iframe width="560" height="315" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/dX9-ruvMtrE" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe>

## Background

Little is known about the circumstances or biography of Jean Pigott.