# Literature/1949/Orwell

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## Excerpts

* Don't you see that the whole aim of Newspeak is to narrow the range of thought? In the end we shall make thoughtcrime literally impossible, because there will be no words in which to express it. Every concept that can ever be needed, will be expressed by exactly one word, with its meaning rigidly defined and all its subsidiary meanings rubbed out and forgotten.
* The Ministry of Peace concerns itself with war, the Ministry of Truth with lies, the Ministry of Love with torture, and the Ministry of Plenty with starvation. These contradictions are not accidental, nor do they result from ordinary hypocrisy; they are deliberate exercises in DOUBLETHINK. For it is only by reconciling contradictions that power can be retained indefinitely. In no other way could the ancient cycle be broken. If human equality is to be forever averted--if the High, as we have called them, are to keep their places permanently--then the prevailing mental condition must be controlled insanity.

### More...

    q: Nineteen Eighty-Four

## Wikimedia
### w: George Orwell

| w: Ingsoc w: Ministry of Truth w: Newspeak | w: Dystopia w: Utopia w: Basic English |

## Chronology

* Kochen, Manfred, ed. (1989). The Small World: A Volume of Recent Research Advances Commemorating Ithiel de Sola Pool, Stanley Milgram, Theodore Newcomb. Norwood, NJ: Ablex Publishing Corp. (January 1, 1989). $^{[^]}$
* Pool, Ithiel de Sola & Manfred Kochen (1978). "Contacts and Influence." Social Networks, 1, pp. 1-51. $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1975/Capra $^{[^]}$
* Douglas, Mary (1975). Implicit Meanings: Essays in Anthropology. Routledge. $^{[^]}$
* Eco, Umberto (1975). A Theory of Semiotics. London: Macmillan, 1976. $^{[^]}$
* Feyerabend, Paul (1975). Against Method: Outline of an Anarchist Theory of Knowledge. New Left Books. $^{[^]}$
* Grice, Paul (1975). "Logic and Conversation," pp. 41-58, in: Cole, Peter & Jerry L. Morgan eds. (1975). Syntax and Semantics, Vol. 3: Speech Act. New York: Academic Press. $^{[^]}$
* Hacking, Ian (1975). Why Does Language Matter to Philosophy? Cambridge University Press. $^{[^]}$
* Kochen, Manfred, ed. (1975). Information for Action: from Knowledge to Wisdom. New York: Academic Press. $^{[^]}$
* Percy, Walker (1975). The Message in the Bottle: How Queer Man Is, How Queer Language Is, and What One Has to Do with the Other. Farrar, Straus and Giroux. $^{[^]}$
* Polanyi, Michael & Harry Prosch (1975). Meaning. University of Chicago Press. $^{[^]}$
* Pirsig, Robert (1974). Zen and the Art of Motorcycle Maintenance: An Inquiry into Values. William Morrow & Co. $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1973/Schumacher $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1963/Gabor $^{[^]}$
* Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal Behavior. Acton, Massachusetts: Copley Publishing Group. $^{[^]}$
* Austin, J. L. (1955). How to Do Things with Words. The William James Lectures delivered at Harvard University in 1955, ed. by J. O. Urmson. Oxford: Clarendon, 1962. $^{[^]}$
* Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1953). Philosophical Investigations. Blackwell Publishing. $^{[^]}$
* Hayakawa, S. I. (1949). Language in Thought and Action. Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1949. $^{[^]}$
* Orwell, George (1949). Nineteen Eighty-Four. London: Secker and Warburg, 1949. $^{[^]}$
* Skinner, B. F. (1948). Walden Two. Macmillan Co., 1948. $^{[^]}$
* Orwell, George (1946). "Politics and the English Language." Horizon, vol. 13, no. 76 (April), 252-265. $^{[^]}$
* Orwell, George (1945). Animal Farm: A Fairy Story. London: Secker and Warburg, 1945. $^{[^]}$
* Huxley, Aldous (1940). Words and Their Meanings. The Ward Ritchie Press, 1940. $^{[^]}$
* Bernal, J. D. (1939). The Social Function of Science. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. $^{[^]}$
* Chase, Stuart (1938). The Tyranny of Words. Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1938. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1938). World Brain. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co. $^{[^]}$
* Richards, I. A. (1936). The Philosophy of Rhetoric. Oxford University Press. $^{[^]}$
* Korzybski, Alfred (1933). Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics. 5th ed., Institute of General Semantics, 1994. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1933). The Shape of Things to Come. Hutchinson. $^{[^]}$
* Huxley, Aldous (1932). Brave New World. Harper Perennial, 1932. $^{[^]}$
* Empson, William (1930). Seven Types of Ambiguity, 2nd ed., London: Chatto & Windus, 1949. $^{[^]}$
* Frank, Jerome (1930). Law and the Modern Mind. Peter Smith, 1930. $^{[^]}$
* Ogden, C. K. (1930). Basic English: A General Introduction with Rules and Grammar. London: Paul Treber. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1928). The Open Conspiracy: Blue Prints For A World Revolution. Doubleday, Doran. $^{[^]}$
* Russell, Bertrand (1926). "The Meaning of Meaning." Dial, vol.81 (August 1926) pp. 114-121. $^{[^]}$
* Ogden, C. K. & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1923). Men Like Gods. Cassell and Co., Ltd. $^{[^]}$
* Wittgenstein, Ludwig (1922). Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. Frank P. Ramsey & C. K. Ogden, trans., Kegan Paul, 1922. $^{[^]}$
* Russell, Bertrand (1921). The Analysis of Mind. London: George Allen & Unwin. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1914). The World Set Free. Macmillan & Co. $^{[^]}$
* Watson, John B. (1913). "Psychology as the behaviorist views it," Psychological Review, 20, pp. 158-177. $^{[^]}$
* Welby, Victoria Lady (1911). Significs and Language: The Articulate Form of Our Expressive and Interpretive Resources. H. Walter Schmitz, ed., John Benjamins, 1985. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1905). A Modern Utopia. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 2005. $^{[^]}$
* Pavlov, Ivan (1903). "The Experimental Psychology and Psychopathology of Animals." The 14th International Medical Congress, Madrid, Spain, April 23-30, 1903. $^{[^]}$

## Reviews

* Google books: "13919 reviews" KYPark 23:36, 2 October 2011 (UTC)