# Imperialism Q&A

* What is imperialism?
** The take-over of a country with the intent of dominating political, economic and social life [of the country].
* The motivations for imperialism fall into three major categories:
** Nationalism, economic, humanitarian and religious reasons.
* Imperialism is a direct result of the Industrial Revolution because imperialism provided European countries with...
** Raw materials and markets
* Missionaries wanted to end starvation by teaching new methods of farming, building schools to remove illiteracy, stop warfare, etc.
* Explain the "white man's burden".
** Duty of white men to educate the rest of the world.
* What is Social Darwinism?
** Only the strongest race survive.
* List two ways Africa and Asia were impacted by 19th-century imperialism.
** Technological advancements and cultural changes.
* List and describe the three forms of imperialism
** Colonies - Jamestown
** Protectorates - Puerto Rico
** Spheres of Influence - China
* What was Africa like prior to the arrival of Europeans in the 19th century?
** Very diverse; trading networks existed.
* What were the external factors that made it possible for Europeans to divide Africa among themselves?
** Weaponry, Steam Power (boats, railroads, communication), quinine against malaria.
* What were the internal factors that made it possible for Europeans to divide Africa among themselves?
** Wars, ethnic rivals, lack of weapons
* Where did the division of Africa begin?
** The Berlin Conference
* What was England's most valuable colony in Africa? Why?
** Egypt; Suez Canal
* Where in Africa were most of the French colonies located? Which two European countries competed for the same territory in this part of Africa?
** Northwestern Africa; Britain and France
* Why was Germany forced to enter the race for colonies at a later date?
** They were newly united.
* How successful were the Italians in acquiring colonies in Africa?
** Not successful
* Sometime conflicts between European countries were resolved in Africa. An example is the Zulu War, which was fought between the British and the Zulu for control of South Africa.
* A boer war is one which impacts all parts of the population. The first modern total war was the Boer War. South Africa was valuable because it provided diamonds and gold.
* What tactics did the British use to win the Boer War?
** Burned Boer farms and imprisoned their women and children in concentration camps.
* What man-made body of water did the English use to get to their empire in Asia? Which European country paid to have the canal built?
** Suez Canal; The French
* How was India originally ruled by the British?
** East India Company
* Why was India called the "Jewel of the Crown"?
** Major supplier of raw materials and markets to buy British goods.
* Who were the first to rebel against the British? What role did they play? When did the rebellion take place?
** Sepoys; Indian soldiers in British army; 1857-1858
* How did the Sepoy Rebellion change the way the British ruled India?
** Ruled directly by a British viceroy.
* This leads to an increase in Indian nationalism. What is the goal of this movement?
** Change the social and econonmic system that regard Indians as 2nd class citizen in their own country.
* What are the names of the first two nationalist groups in India? What separates the two groups, other than the time in which they were created?
** Indian National Congress and Muslim League; Religion
* What policy did Chinese emperors enforce with the rest of the world? Why was this policy enforced?
** Isolationism; Wanted to remain independent of other influences.
* What was the name of the only seaport open to foreigners for trade?
** Canton
* What was the tributary system?
** Paying taxes and money in honor of Chinese culture
* What was a sphere of influence?
** Spread culture on a country with no aid from authority
* What did Britain use to gain control of the tea trade in China?
** Opium
* What were the terms of the treaty that ended the Opium War (1839-1842)? What is the benefit to Europeans of the right of extraterritoriality?
** Legalized Opium, extraterriterairty, gain Hong Kong; Could make own laws in China.
* What was the cause of the Boxer Rebellion?
** Resistance to foreign influence.
* What do the Sepoy Rebellion in India and the Boxer Rebellion in China have in common?
** More direct control
* What policy did Japan adopt regarding foreigners in the 1600s?
** Sakoku
* Name the man and the country he is from who opened Japan to trade with the western world.
** Matthew Perry of the USA
* What method was used?
** Negotiating treaties
* What factors hamper Japan's modernization?
** Shortage of natural resources, scarce farmland and increasing population
* What is the solution to the above?
** Sino Japanese War (1894-95) and Russo-Japanese War (1904-1905)
* Japan wins both.
* Why is Japan's rapid modernization successful?
** Nationalism, propserpous and well-educated middle class, acceptance of new ideas.
* By 1912, Japan has become "the exception to imperialism". What does this mean?
** Europe is forced to see them as the leading force in Asia.