OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of Education

The History of Education is a growing field.
1. Martin Luther (1483-1546): He believed that education should be supported by the state, and that the state should have the authority and responsibility to control the curriculum, the textbooks, and the instruction. His primary concern was with elementary school. (Web Education)]
2. Philipp Melanchthon (1497) Melanchthon was a major figure in the reform of the educational system and was more concerned with the grammar schools and universities. Melanchthon wrote the constitution and helped organize reformed grammar schools in more than 50 towns. (Web Education)
3. Harvard College (1636) The first college in the American Colonies. Harvard was established for the advancement and education of youth in all manner of good literature, arts and sciences. (Web Education)
4. John Locke (1632-1704) He had a profound influence on education. Locke believed the goal of education was to create the ethical, practical individual who could contribute effectively in the leading process. (Web Education)
5. Education Law of 1647 This law that required the establishment of schools. Education was made a direct responsibility of the people and their elected representatives. (Web Education)
# History of Cuisine

Please leave your signature if you are interested in taking part in a course on the History of World Food. It would also help if you would note what particular topics you are interested in.
--Totentanz 19:10, 19 June 2008 (UTC) Ancient Technology of Food
--SMOMMSS 08:39, 14 August 2012 Development of ethnic diversities

## Proposed Courses

* The Foods that Created Global Culture
* Patterns of Domestication
* The Dietary Needs of Settled Peoples
* Wheat and Goats
* Rice and Pigs
* Barley and Cattle
* Corn
* Potatoes
* A Humble Chicken Conquers the World
* Primary Foods that Became Secondary: Millet, Bananas & Sweet Potatoes
* The Varieties of Alcohol
* Empires & the Spread of Cultural Diets
* The Columbian Exchange
* Coffee, Chocolate & Tea as Trade Items
* The Farmers of Imperialism
* Food Culture of the Industrial Revolution
# History of Greece
## Introduction to Course

Welcome to the History of Greece! This course will chronologically move forward from Greek Prehistory through the Classical period and onward into the present day. Greece has had an incredibly long history, and this course serves to show the richness of culture and heritage preserved in the cradle of Western Civilization.

## See Also

* Greece
* Wikipedia: Greece
* Wikipedia: Ancient Greece
* Wikipedia: Greek language
# Java Tutorial/Trail: Getting Started
## Introduction

This trail does repeat some of the lessons found in the beginning tutorial with a different order and leaving out some content while also adding new lessons and links. You can use this trail as an alternative to the main introduction. This trail explains alternatives to the OpenJDK from Oracle in more detail and may also add some more information about the Eclipse and NetBeans development environments.

## Installation and editing

* Installing Java
** Installing GNU GCJ
** Installing Apache Harmony
* Choosing the right text editor

## Creating Your First Application

* Hello World!

## Alternative Java compilers

* Compiling Java source code with GNU GCJ
** Using Eclipse GCJ Builder
* Compiling Java source code with Apache Harmony

## Basic Concepts

* Variables
* Control Structures I - Decision structures
* Control Structures II - Looping
* Methods
* Arrays
* String and Character Manipulation
# Java Tutorial/Trail: Annotations
## Annotations

Annotations allow to provide further information to classes that can be discarded by the compiler during compilation (RetentionPolicy.SOURCE), retained in the class file but not in the Java virtual machine (RetentionPolicy.CLASS) or retained during execution (RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME).
For C and C++ programmers the following example will illustrate the effect:
The example shows how additional type information can be given for a primitive type. A similar effect would be possible with the reserved word typedef in C and C++. Unlike the C implementation the Java compiler would not comment on the assignment of incompatible types, however. A special processing phase would be required to verify this (in Java) uncommon type information. This verification could be added by the compiler or even by a ClassLoader.
The convenience of using just fd_t as the type name is not available in Java because Java does not have a preprocessor like C does; it is possible to preprocess Java code with the C preprocessor cpp, though. Otherwise the full name of the new type is always @Typedef(type="fd_t") int, because the annotation must be used wherever the additional information is required.
# Java Tutorial/Trail: JDBC Database Access
## JDBC Database Access
### Database-specific Classes
#### PostgreSQL

The use of PostgreSQL-specific Java classes is explained in the PostgreSQL JDBC Interface online documentation.

#### MySQL
### Writing Functions and Triggers in Java

PostgreSQL, Oracle, DB2 and MySQL allow to write functions and triggers inside the database in the Java programming language.
# Java Tutorial/Threads

Threads can be thought of as a lightweight process. They are different lines of execution of one program that is created by one process.
# Java Tutorial/Trail: Full-Screen Exclusive Mode API
## Full-Screen Exclusive Mode API

"Full-Screen Exclusive Mode" is a special mode of the Java graphics system that allows to write to a whole screen, not just to a window. Obviously this mode can be useful to turn a large e-paper display or monitor into a smart board.

## Examples
### An example smart board in Java

The following code switches the graphics system to full-screen mode.
The "any key" listener is useful to get you back to your usual desktop. The class implements the KeyListener interface to listen for keyboard events and is registered with the frame as the responsible component for sending these events through the addKeyListener method in the code above.

#### Class: Pen

In order to be able to draw on the smart board we need a pen (cvs), which is a class that implements two more listener interfaces: MouseMotionListener and MouseListener.

#### Class: Glyph

The class Glyph (cvs) represents a connected set of points that have been drawn with a single line onto the smart board, usually a letter or several letters.

#### Input handling

Now the BoardPanel (cvs) methods startDraw and endDraw can push points of a line into the input queue, from which glyphs are assembled via the GlyphCache (cvs) class.
(source code from cvs.savannah.gnu.org/.../Blackboard)
# Pearls of wisdom

This page offers a pearl of wisdom for each motivation and emotion book chapter.
# Mapping/Left and right inverse/Inverse mapping/Exercise

Let $L$ and $M$ be sets and let
    $F\colon L\longrightarrow M$
be a function. Let
    $G\colon M\longrightarrow L$
be another function such that $F\circ G=\operatorname {Id} _{M}\,$ and $G\circ F=\operatorname {Id} _{L}\,$. Show that $G$ is the inverse of $F$.
# Mapping/In itself/Fix point/Definition

Let $M$ be a set, and let
    $f\colon M\longrightarrow M$
denote a mapping. An element $x\in M$ fulfilling $f(x)=x$ is called a fixed point of the mapping.
# Mapping/Mother of/Example

Let $H$ denote the set of all (living or dead) people. We study the mapping
    $\varphi \colon H\longrightarrow H,$
which assigns to every person his or her (biological) mother. This is well-defined, as every person has a uniquely determined mother. This mapping is not injective, since there exists different people (brothers and sisters) with the same mother. It is also not surjective, since not every person is a mother of somebody.
# MDLD/real sequence

Start=real sequence Target=Real numbers/Sequence/Definition
# MDLD/real sine function

Start=real sine function Target=Trigonometric functions/R/Series/Introduction/Section
# MDLD/real tangent function

Start=real tangent function Target=Tangent and cotangent/Real/Definition
# MDLD/series (R)

Start=series (R) Target=Real numbers/Series/Definition
# MDLD/sequence (R)

Start=sequence (R) Target=Real numbers/Sequence/Definition
# MDLD/sine function (R)

Start=sine function (R) Target=Trigonometric functions/R/Series/Introduction/Section
# MDLD/standard basis

Start=standard basis Target=Standard vectors/Basis from linearly independent/Example
# MDLD/standard basis (vs)

Start=standard basis (vs) Target=Vector space/Examples/Introduction/Section
# MDLD/real sequences

Start=real sequences See=real sequence MDLD/real sequence Target=Real numbers/Sequence/Definition
# MDLD/standard bases (vs)

Start=standard bases (vs) See=standard basis (vs) MDLD/standard basis (vs) Target=Vector space/Examples/Introduction/Section
# MDLD/trigonalizable

Start=trigonalizable Target=Linear mapping/Trigonalizable/Via upper triangular form/Definition
# MDLD/upper triangular matrix

Start=upper triangular matrix Target=Upper triangular matrix/Definition
# MDLD/vector space

Start=vector space Target=Vector space/Direct/Definition
# MDLD/upper integral

Start=upperintegral Target=Bounded interval/Real function/Upper integral as infimum of step integrals from above/Definition
# MDLD/vector spaces

Start=vector spaces See=vector space MDLD/vector space Target=Vector space/Direct/Definition
# MES College

MYSORE EDUCATION SOCIETY
HISTORY
A group of enlightened citizens of Malleshwaram felt a need to open a college in Malleshwaram particularly to provide facilities to girl students, who had to go as far as Maharanis College for their courses in higher learning. The founders Sri.G.A.Acharya, Prof.B.R. Subba Rao, Sri. M.Chinnaswamy, Sri M.R.Narasimha Iyengar, Prof.M.P.L.Sastry and Smt Vimala Rangachar responded to this need by starting an intermediate college in 15th Cross, Malleshwaram, were introduced in 1956-57 with a student strength of 68.
In 1962 courses in Science were introduced. In the course of its historical development MES College has acquired great prominence not only in Karnataka but also in the country. The growth is both quantitative and qualitative. The college is now a four-floor stone structure with an annexe to accommodate the growing strength of students. Spacious, well-lit and airy classrooms are most suited for effective learning and teaching. Anybody who enters this college will feel and experience the silken touch of care, compassion and concern, which embody the philosophy of learning pursued here. Consequently character, confidence and credibility evolve.
In its infant stages the college was housed in a small dwelling Anandashram, which recalled the ancient Guru Kula with a good rapport between the small number of students and their teachers. From this humble beginning the college has grown gradually into a full-fledged college.
MES has grown with its ideal of spreading academic culture in several ways. Its aim has always been to provide value based education at affordable cost and to strive for the cultural growth of the student. The college celebrated its Silver Jubilee in 1982 and its 40th year of meaningful functioning in 1997.
The main college was bifurcated according to the Karnataka Government order DCE|ROB|134|134|internal|2001-02 dated 7.8.2001 into MES Degree College of Arts, Commerce and Science and MES Pre-University College of Arts, Commerce and Science.
The two colleges have been working in the same campus.
MES Degree college has been accredited by NAAC with 'A' grade in 2015-16
# Motivation and emotion/Book/2014/Banner

Motivation and emotion: Understanding and improving our motivational and emotional lives using psychological science (2014)
# Modules for Pregraduate and Postgraduate Occupational Medicine education/Day 18

DAY 18 OBJ 18: Present a study in power point

## 09:00-09:45 Investigation part: review study on burn out in university lecturers

Overview of the tools in this module

## 10:00-11:45 Group presentations - examens

* Group 1 present 20 min, Group 2 give comments and questions 10 min
* Group 2 present 20 min, Group 3 give comments and questions 10 min
* Group 3 present 20 min, Group 1 give comments and questions 10 min
Discussion and debate
# Modules for Pregraduate and Postgraduate Occupational Medicine education/Day 3

Day 3

## 09:00-09:45 AMOP

obj 3: Learn to use Zotero
* President of AMOP Dr. Carlos Russo Head of the occupational medical association will tell about AMOP and the work task in the specialty and the work tasks as graduates

## 10:00-10:45 Group Work

* Install and use of Zotero
* Literature search in PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane:
* Chronic Renal disease of non-traditional etiology

## 11:00-11:45 Group presentations

* Result of literature search

## 14:00-18:00 Homework

* Training in literature search and Zotero
# Modules for Pregraduate and Postgraduate Occupational Medicine education/Day 5

DAY 5

## 09:00-09:45 Theoretical part - tools for research

Wiki pages are often in Spanish and English versions
OBJ 5: Exercises incidence- and ´prevalence rates and relative risks For reading:
* |Prevalence rates
* |Incidence rates
* Riesgo Relativo

## 10:00-10:45 Group Work

* Read for orientation the Wiki pages
* Make some calculations in Open Epi
* Excel

## 14:00-18:00 Homework

* Read the Wiki text and
* Exercise in Open-Epi and Excel
# Modules for Pregraduate and Postgraduate Occupational Medicine education/Day 9

DAY 9

## 09:00-09:45 Clinical part - Invited lecturer

* OBJ 9: diagnosis, causalidad, prognosis
* Invited Lecturer Dra. Sandra Gonzalez
* Occupational psychiatry, depression diagnosis

## 10:00-10:45 Group Work

* Literature review on occupational psychiatry - the presented case
* PubMed, Google Scholar and Cochrane
* Zotero

## 11:00-11:45 Group presentations

* Result of literature review

## 14:00-18:00 Homework

* Self-study of Occupational psychiatry
# Modules for Pregraduate and Postgraduate Occupational Medicine education/Day 17

DAY 17

## 09:00-09:45 Investigation part - burn out in university lecturers

OBJ 17: Know how to get help from the occupational research center in Panama Research Learning Center

## 10:00-10:45 Group Work

* Continue step by step with the review research

## 11:00-11:45 Group presentations

* Presentation of the progress in the research article

## 14:00-18:00 Homework

* Self-study of literature related to the group work
# Modules for Pregraduate and Postgraduate Occupational Medicine education/Day 2

DAY 2

## 09:00-09:45 Clinica Einstein research center

* Obj 2. Learn to make a small Google survey

## 10:00-10:45 Group Work

* Make a small Google survey

## 14:00-18:00 Homework

* Study of selected issues
# Modules for Pregraduate and Postgraduate Occupational Medicine education/Day 4

DAY 4

## 09:00-09:45 Theoretical part - tools for research

OBJ 4: What is peer reviewed articles?

## 10:00-10:45 Group Work

* Literature search in PubMed: CKDnT Chronical Renal Diseases of non-traditional etiology

## 11:00-11:45 Group presentations

* Result of literature search

## 14:00-18:00 Homework

* Train in using Zotero
* Read the Wiki pages for Day 5
* |Prevalence rates
* |Incidence rates
* Riesgo Relativo
# Modules for Pregraduate and Postgraduate Occupational Medicine education/Day 7

DAY 7

## 09:00-09:45 Clinical part - Invited lecturer

OBJ 7: Dermatolgical work related diseases

## 10:00-10:45 Group Work

Diagnostic Guidelines
* Group 1: Irritant contact dermatitis (ICD)
* Group 2: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD)
* Group 3: Airborne contact dermatitis (ABCD)
* Group 4: Contact urticaria (CU)

## 14:00-18:00 Homework

* Study/orientation all types of dermatitis
# Modules for Pregraduate and Postgraduate Occupational Medicine education/Day 8

DAY 8

## 09:00-09:45 Clinical part - Invited lecturer

OBJ 8: Musculoskeletal work related diseases

## 10:00-10:45 Group Work

Diagnostic Guidelines
* Group 1: Tendonitis/tenosynovitis
* Group 2: Epicondylitis (elbow tendonitis)
* Group 3: Carpal tunnel syndrome
* Group 4: Rotator cuff syndrome

## 14:00-18:00 Homework

* Study/orientation of MSD diagnostics and prevention
# Modules for Pregraduate and Postgraduate Occupational Medicine education/Day 6

DAY 6

## 09:00-09:45 Theoretical part - tools for research

OBJ 6: What is a statistical p-value, confidence interval (CI) of a proportion and relative risk?
* P-value
* Confidence intervals
* Relative risk
* Calculator of Relative risk and confidence interval

## 10:00-10:45 Group Work

* Exercises calculation of
* Calculator of Relative risk and confidence interval
* Open-Epi for calculation of p-values, relative risks and Confidence intervals

## 14:00-18:00 Homework

* Continue with Exercises
* Calculation of Relative risk and confidence intervals
* Open-Epi for calculation of p-values, relative risks and Confidence intervals
* Search articles that use p-values, confidence intervals and relative risk
# Networked learning/new concept

Networked learning is a process of developing and maintaining connections with people and information, and communicating in such a way so as to support one another's learning.
This self-paced course will assist you in developing online communication and Internet learning skills.
It is based on the principles of networked learning where individuals establish an online identity and formulate relationships with other people and information to communicate and develop knowledge.
This topic is used in:

## Participants and Learning support

The list of participants and learning support is available at:
* Participants of the networked learning self-paced course

## Processes and tools

The list of processes and tools is available at:
* Online processes and tools
# Neurochemical Liberation
## Course Description

"Let us declare nature to be legitimate. All plants should be declared legal, and all animals for that matter. The notion of illegal plants and animals is obnoxious and ridiculous."
-Terence McKenna

## Readings

Neuroscience
Controlled Substances Act
Pharmako/Poeia by Dale Pendell ISBN 1562790692
Pharmako/Dynamis by Dale Pendell ISBN 1562791257
Pihkal: A Chemical Love Story by Alexander and Ann Shulgin ISBN 0963009605
Tihkal: The Continuation by Alexander and Ann Shulgin ISBN 0963009699
Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing, and Hallucinogenic Powers by Richard Evans Schultes, Albert Hoffman, and Christian Ratsch ISBN 0892819790
Drug Crazy: How We Got Into This Mess And How We Can Get Out Of It by Mike Gray ISBN 0415926475

## Syllabus

* Neurochemistry Basics
* Action Potential
* The Synapse
* Receptors
* Neurotransmission
* Dopamine
* Gamma Amino Butyric Acid
* Serotonin
* Glutamate
* Adenosine

## The Outside World

* Erowid
* Drug Policy Alliance
* Drug Reform Coordination Network
* Bluelight Drug Discussion Forums
* Wikipedia
# Neurodegenerative disease

Welcome to the Wikiversity learning project about neurodegenerative disease. Initially, the emphasis of this project is on recent biomedical research into the fundamental causes of neurodegenerative disease.

## Parkinson disease

Mutations in the human LRRK2 gene can cause Parkinson disease. It has been suggested that the LRRK2 protein (a protein kinase) can activate a programmed cell death signaling pathway in neurons (see The Parkinson Disease Protein LRRK2 Transduces Death Signals Via FADD and Caspase-8 in a Cellular Model of Neurodegeneration).
The fly Drosophila has been used to study the functional roles of proteins that have been associated with neurodegeneration in Parkinson disease (see The Dopaminergic System in the Aging Brain of Drosophila). Recently (published December 15, 2010), evidence has been described for a role of LRRK2 in the regulation of synapse formation (see LRRK2 Kinase Regulates Synaptic Morphology through Distinct Substrates at the Presynaptic and Postsynaptic Compartments of the Drosophila Neuromuscular Junction). Hypothetically, disregulation of LRRK2 might disrupt synapses and lead to neurodegeneration.
In 2008 Zenobia got a M. J. Fox Parkinson's disease Therapeutics Development Initiative grant. In 2010 Zenobia is working with the drug company Lundbeck to develop inhibitors of LRRK2 (see).
# Neurodiversity Movement/News

This page will serve as a place to report and discuss news articles pertaining to issues of interest to the participants of the Neurodiversity Movement learning resource.

## Autism Speaks Threatens To Sue Autistic Girl For Speaking Out

Source
Autism Speaks, a US charity that funds research into causes and potential cures for autism, and which purports to speak for 'those who cannot speak for themselves', threatened to sue 14-year-old Kelly for running a parody website called NTs Speak([1]). After learning her age, they dropped the threat, but continued to strong-arm her until she gave them the domain name and destroyed the site's code. Gareth Nelson, who runs the pro-Neurodiversity website Aspies For Freedom put up a new version of the parody site out of protest. Read more
# Neurosociety Media Centre/News/North and Central America
## Press Services

* EurekAlert!
* ScienceDaily

## Science magazines

* Scientific American
* Mind (Scientific American)

## Trade Journals

* Neurology Today
# Neurosociety Media Centre/News
## Popular sources of neuroscience news

* International
* Africa
* Asia
* Australia and Oceania
* Europe
* Middle East
* North and Central America
* South America

## Neuroscience Blogs and New Media

* Action Potential is the online forum of the journal Nature Neuroscience. Discussions of what’s new in the field of neuroscience (from the Nature journals and elsewhere), as well as coverage of topics in policy and science publishing.
* BrainEthics by cognitive scientist Thomas Zoëga Ramsøy and neuroaesthetcian Martin Skov
* Neuroethics and Law blog by Adam Kolber, Princeton University.
* BrainBlogger
* Brain Waves (Zack Lynch)
* Mind-Hacks
* Nature-Neuroscience
* Neuroethics and Law (Prof. Adam Kolber)
* Neurevolution
* Neuroanthropology
* Neuroculture
* Neurocritic
* Neuro-Journalism Mill
* Neurophilosophy
* Neurophilosophy and Sociocognition
* Neuroscience Blogs (List of neuro-blogs)
* Neurosecurity
* NKU Cognitive Neuroscience
* Psychopolitics
* Spirituality and the Brain
* The Frontal Cortex
* Time Blog: Your brain on Politics
# Neurosociety Media Centre/News/United Kingdom
## Press Services

* AlphaGalileo

## Science magazines

* Focus
* New Scientist
* Psychologies

## Radio

Frontiers Explores the latest ideas in science and the associated ethical and moral questions.
Leading Edge Celebrates scientific discoveries - often before they are published in journals. It also looks at the issues and latest discussions surrounding them.
The Material World Weekly science radio show.
Digital planet From BBC World Service.
Science in action Another weekly BBC World Service science programme.
# Neurosociety Media Centre/News/International

AlphaGalileo a multilingual, independent press resource for European research news.
Dana Foundation Neuroethics Newsletter free and sent to subscribers each month by email and on the web. Featuring news and analysis on the implications of brain science
Brain in the News A free, monthly newsletter with news from around the world, highlighting the latest discoveries about the brain. Also Brain Work, A free, bimonthly newsletter featuring the latest findings in neuroscience research, presented in understandable language.
# Neurosociety Media Centre/News/Italy
## Press Services

* AlphaGalileo

## Science magazines

* Psychologies
# Neurosociety Media Centre/Patients Associations

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Croatia
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* Sweden
* United Kingdom
# Neurosociety Media Centre/News/Europe

* Austria
* Belgium
* Bulgaria
* Cyprus
* Czech Republic
* Denmark
* Estonia
* Finland
* France
* Germany
* Greece
* Hungary
* Ireland
* Italy
* Latvia
* Lithuania
* Luxembourg
* Malta
* Netherlands
* Poland
* Portugal
* Romania
* Slovakia
* Slovenia
* Spain
* [Sweden]
* United Kingdom
# Neurosociety Media Centre/News/Germany
## Press Services

* AlphaGalileo