OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Assistant teacher course/Collaborative action research
## Collaborative action research

| Activity: | lecture, group work |
| Group size: | unlimited |
| Preparation: | ? |
| Instructors: | 1 |
| Duration: | ? |

### Action research

Action research on Wikiversity and action research on Wikipedia.
# Assistant teacher course/Dialectic
## Dialectic

| Activity: | lecture, group work |
| Group size: | unlimited |
| Preparation: | ? |
| Instructors: | 1 |
| Duration: | ? |

### Socratic debate

The teacher cross-examines a pupil and aims to expose contradictions or inconsistencies in the pupil's propositions. The teacher formulates questions the pupil can easily admit or deny or which require the pupil to admit a contradiction or inconsistency in his propositions. It is the goal of the teacher to make it easy for the pupil to carry forward the dialog with simple answers. Teacher and pupil should agree on the dialog style beforehand and the pupil should readily follow the direction of the teacher.
ToDo: The "Example propositions" should be simple, considering the age of the participants. The goal is to teach a dialog style, not to present complex problems.
The handout "Example propositions" contains examples that can be used to test out the socratic method in work groups.
* Example propositions
* Example dialogs
What did you observe while using the socratic method?
* Did you notice, as a teacher, that you had to think more consistently about your own part of the dialog?
* Was the dialog more effective than usual? What are the advantages?
* Did you notice disadvantages of the socratic method?
* Did you notice limitations of the socratic method?
* What effect could the socratic method have on your understanding for a topic? (As a teacher or as a pupil)
Is the socratic method useful during a lesson?
* Do the assistant teachers have the time for well-considered questioning?
* Do the assistant teachers have the necessary knowledge and understanding in every topic?
* Are there variants of the socratic method that may work better during a lesson?
* This resource has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. You are advised to consider the possibility of extraterrestrial intellectual property rights claims that do require mentoring duties in compensation ("either mentoring or trouble with extraterrestrials").
* Content released into the public domain may be used for any purpose without attribution, including commercial activities and creation of derivative works.
# Assistant teacher course/Didactics and mathetics
## Didactics and mathetics

The goal of this course phase is to give the participants a basic understanding what didactics and mathetics mean and to let them know where they can look for more information. As usual, the participants should first try to describe what they imagine as the "science of teaching" and the "science of learning" themselves.
| Activity: | lecture, group work |
| Group size: | unlimited |
| Preparation: | ? |
| Instructors: | 1 |
| Duration: | ? |

### Didactics

Didactics can be seen as the heart of pedagogy, the theory of teaching. Can you devise your own concepts for a theory of teaching?
* What is teaching?
* How should a teacher present knowledge to his pupils?
* How should a teacher not present knowledge to his pupils?
* What does a teacher need to know about the pupils?
* How can a teacher promote understanding?
* What is the meaning of scientific discovery for understanding?
* What makes education interesting and what can make it more interesting?
An interesting observation should be to what degree the participants already have reflected on knowledge they received in the course and on the purpose of the course.
| Activity: | lecture, group work |
| Group size: | unlimited |
| Preparation: | ? |
| Instructors: | 1 |
| Duration: | ? |

### Mathetics

Mathetics is the theory of learning. Can you devise your own concepts for a theory of learning?
* How does the process of learning work?
* How can the process of learning fail?
* How should a learner approach learning?
* What does the learner need to know about a field of study?
* What does the learner need to know about himself?
* What relations do exist between learning and emotions?
* What relations do exist between learning and volition?
* This resource has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. You are advised to consider the possibility of extraterrestrial intellectual property rights claims that do require mentoring duties in compensation ("either mentoring or trouble with extraterrestrials").
* Content released into the public domain may be used for any purpose without attribution, including commercial activities and creation of derivative works.
# Assistant teacher course/Individual curriculum/Agricultural science
#### Agricultural science

Pupils interested in agricultural science can be offered the opportunity to work and to experiment in a garden project. The curriculum has obvious connections to biology and chemistry but can also include environmental science, nutritional science and supportive technology. A project with supportive technology can, for instance, be a miniature greenhouse with solar power, electronic measuring equipment and automatic irrigation.
# Assistant teacher course/Individual curriculum/Biotechnology
#### Biotechnology

ToDo: Ideas for biotechnology
* Biotechnologie (schule-bw.de)
* Biotechnology (collegeboard.com)
# Assistant teacher course/Differentiated instruction
## Differentiated instruction

| Activity: | lecture, group work |
| Group size: | unlimited |
| Preparation: | ? |
| Instructors: | 1 |
| Duration: | ? |

### What is differentiated instruction?

ToDo: In the first unit pupils should be guided to invent their own concepts.
* This resource has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. You are advised to consider the possibility of extraterrestrial intellectual property rights claims that do require mentoring duties in compensation ("either mentoring or trouble with extraterrestrials").
* Content released into the public domain may be used for any purpose without attribution, including commercial activities and creation of derivative works.
# Assistant teacher course/Higher-order thinking skills
## Higher-order thinking skills

| Activity: | lecture, group work |
| Group size: | unlimited |
| Preparation: | ? |
| Instructors: | 1 |
| Duration: | ? |

### Classifying higher-order thinking

ToDo: Wikipedia:
* Higher-order thinking
* Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
* This resource has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. This applies worldwide. You are advised to consider the possibility of extraterrestrial intellectual property rights claims that do require mentoring duties in compensation ("either mentoring or trouble with extraterrestrials").
* Content released into the public domain may be used for any purpose without attribution, including commercial activities and creation of derivative works.
# Assistant teacher course/Individual curriculum/Computer art

ToDo:
Software recommendations (e.g. inkscape)

#### Computer art

Computer art can connect to programming, mathematics, art, music, web design and journalism (publishing).
# Assistant teacher course/Individual curriculum
## Individual curriculum

| Activity: | discussion, planning |
| Group size: | unlimited |
| Preparation: | none |
| Instructors: | 1 |
| Duration: | any |
The goal of this course phase is to inspire the participants and to allow them to be creative. There is no learning goal for this course phase, the purpose is just to allow discussion about individual curricula. Some of the ideas presented here may be too difficult for the participants and their pupils but may be interesting as medium-term goals. A participant who can imagine himself as a teacher for a specific topic may be motivated to pursue the topic.
A school can support individual curricula with projects, voluntary courses and elective subjects that match the areas of interest of the pupils.

### Individual curriculum: Topics

The offer of an individual curriculum can be organized in cooperation with a group of mentors or a mentoring organization.
Assistant teachers who decide to implement a junior mentoring program can also make individual curricula part of their own mentoring program.
An individual curriculum should contain a significant amount of interest-driven learning, to allow the pupil to experience learning as interesting and fun. This can be more important than the actual knowledge learned. On the other hand an individual curriculum shouldn't fail to connect with the official school curriculum or general education, so as not to appear detached from school education.
* Academic topics
* Leisure topics
# Assistant teacher course/Individual curriculum/Astronomy
#### Astronomy

An individual curriculum in astronomy has connections to physics, computer science (e.g. simulations), mathematics and geography (e.g. properties of Mars, Venus, Earth and Moon). Astronomy is usually not a school subject and often holds a special fascination for children and teenagers, which makes it very appropriate as a part of an individual curriculum. Children and teenagers interested in science and science fiction are especially likely to be interested in astronomy. The initial motivation can be a better understanding for science fiction topics but the individual curriculum should introduce more serious topics in between and as the curriculum goals.
Selected hard science fiction books can also be suitable to increase the motivation of a science fiction enthusiast to take a greater interest in the science aspect of the curriculum.
# Adobe Photoshop/Red Eye Tool

Red eye tool used to remove the red colour reflection in eyes caused by flash.
# Adobe Photoshop/Slice Tool

This is also similar to Crop tool. Using Slice tool one can make objects or parts from an image. Also using slice select tool you can select the sliced portion
# Adobe Photoshop/Using Keyboard Shortcuts

Basic Keyboard Shortcuts
SHORTCUT KEYS - TOOLS
A - PATH / DIRECT SELECTION
B - BRUSH / PENCIL / COLOUR REPLACEMENT
C - CROP
D - DEFAULT COLOUR
E - ERASER
F - CYCLE SCREEN MODE
G - GRADIENT / PAINT BUCKET
H / Space bar - HAND TOOL
I - EYE DROPPER / MEASURMENT TOOL
J - PATCH / RED EYE
K - SLICE
L - LASSO
M - MARQUEE
N - NOTES / AUDIO
O - BURN / SPONGE
P - PEN
Q - QUICK MASK OR STANDARD MODE
R - SHARPEN / SMUDGE
S - STAMP / PATTERN / CLONE
T - TYPE TOOL
U - SHAPE TOOL
V - MOVE TOOL
W - MAGIC WAND TOOL
X - CLOUR CHANGE
Y - BRUSH TOOL
Z - ZOOM
Ctrl+Space - ZOOM IN
Alt+Space - ZOOM OUT
# Adobe Photoshop/Pattern Stamp Tool

This tool is similar to clone stamp tool. With pattern stamp tool you can paint with a part of an image as a pattern.
# Adobe Photoshop/Pencil Tool

Pencil tool is used to paint or draw hard edged lines and strokes.
# Adobe Photoshop/Sharpen Tool

Sharpen tool can be used on blurred images. The blurred pixels gets sharpened. The resulting picture will have more contrast.
# Adobe Photoshop/Pen Tool

The pen tool is a path creator. You can create smooth paths that you can stroke with a brush or turn to a selection. This tool is effective for designing, selecting smooth surfaces, or layout. The paths can also be used in Adobe illustrator when the document is edited in Adobe illustrator. The paths themselves are not raster based (they don't depend on pixels.)
# Adobe Photoshop/Shape Tools

Shape tools are used to create vector shapes & paths. The following are the shape tools available in Adobe Photoshop:
* Rectangle Tool - To create a rectangle or square
* Rounded Rectangle - To create a rectangle or a square with rounded corners.
* Ellipse - To create an ellipse (oval) or a circle
* Polygon Tool - To create polygons (minimum 3 sides)
* Line - To draw lines
* Custom Shapes - To create custom shapes that can be accessed from the custom shapes lisame properties as of Shape tools is the Pen Tool.
Shape Tools have 3 modes:
# Adobe Photoshop/Workspace
## The Photoshop Workspace

The image below is a screenshot of Photoshop's default workspace. There are seven key elements of the default workspace, keep in mind that you can change the workspace to better suit your needs. The first key element is the canvas (not labeled), the canvas is the editable white area where your artwork is displayed. The next thing you'll notice is the menu bar, these menus are where you'll find all the functionality of photoShop. You'll be learning more about the functions found in these menus in a later lesson. To the left of the screen is the tools palette. As the name implies, the tools palette contains various tools found in Photoshop, as well as basic view and color controls.
To the right of the screen is the navigator window, the navigator can be used to move around the canvas. In most cases, the navigator will not be needed. However, you might find use for it when working with especially large images. Below the navigator window is the color window, which can be used to quickly mix colors and get colors from swatches. Another key element in the workspace is the history window, this window is very helpful for undoing mistakes and keeping track of which edits you have performed. Lastly, you'll see the layers window, this is a critical part of the photoshop workspace, it helps you manage all the layers in your artwork. We'll be discussing how to use the layers window and the concept of layered editing in another lesson.
# Actuarial science

Actuarial science applies mathematical and statistical methods to finance and insurance, particularly to risk assessment. Actuaries are professionals who are qualified in this field through actuarial examinations or university-based education (but the credentialing usually requires passing a series of examinations), and work experience.
Actuarial mathematics deal with the mathematics of uncertainty and risk. Some of the key areas where actuarial mathematics are principally applied are mortality studies, financial risk, risk and ruin theory, credibility theory, demography, reliability study and graduation of statistical data.
Actuarial science includes a number of interrelating disciplines, including probability and statistics, finance, and economics. Historically, actuarial science used deterministic models in the construction of tables and premiums. Modern approaches incorporate the stochastic simulation of random variables, such as interest rates.

## Studying Actuarial Science

Studying Actuarial Science can be a task that is both challenging and rewarding. It requires a very good basis in mathematics as it requires heavy use of statistics. In the U.K., few universities offer an actuarial related degree. Among those, the Queen's University of Belfast, Heriot-Watt, City and Kent universities are some of them that can offer full exemptions from the CT series of examinations of the Institute or Faculty of Actuaries.
Actuaries are involved in the following areas :
* Life insurance
* Short term or general insurance
* Pensions
* Institutional investments, etc.

## Study materials for actuarial examinations

Society of Actuaries (SOA):
* Exam P
** Wikibooks: Probability
* Exam FM
** Wikibooks: Financial Math FM

## External Links

* Society of Actuaries
* Be An Actuary.org
* American Academy of Actuaries
* Casualty Actuarial Society
* Canadian Institute of Actuaries
* Institute of Actuaries of Australia
* Institute / Faculty of Actuaries, UK
* Actuarial Society Of India
* r/actuary
# Acute Confusion (OSCE)

History Taking for the Onset of Acute Confusion

## Major and Minor Criteria

* diagnosis of delirium requires both major plus any one minor criteria
* Can remember the criteria using the mnemonic AIDS:

### Major

* Acute onset and fluctuating course
* Disorder of attention (inattention)

### Minor

* Disorganized thinking
* Alterations in sensorium (e.g. visual or auditory hallucinations)

## CC

* need several iterations of the history, from several caregivers (may have large inter-observer differences in opinion)

## HPI

* onset
** acute (<2-3 months)
** chronic (> 3 months represents a dementing state)
* progress
** gradual decline, static, rate of fluctuation
* palliating
* precipitating
* quality
** AIDS
** altered LOC
** disorientation
** memory
** psychomotor agitation/retardation
** altered sleep-wake cycle
* severity
** ADL → getting out of bed, using the bathroom, dressing, ambulation
** IADL → cooking, laundry, shopping, banking, paying bills, driving
** safety concerns
** cognitive function (MMSE)
* symptoms
** behaviour changes - agitation
** SAH → thunderclap headache
* stroke → aphasia, paralysis
* UTI → dysuria
* pneumonia → cyanosis, cough, sputum, fever

## Medications

* benzodiazepines
* beta-blockers
* anticholinergics

## PMHx

* trauma
* stroke
* CAD
* endocrinopathy
* kidney
* psych

## FMHx

* dementia
* depression

## SHx

* EtOH
* social support (caregiver stress), living arrangements

## ROS

* sleep pattern
* visual changes
* hearing loss
* constipation
* incontinence
# Ada

Ada is a structured, statically typed, imperative, and object-oriented high-level computer programming language, extended from Pascal and other languages. It has built-in language support for design-by-contract, extremely strong typing, explicit concurrency, tasks, synchronous message passing, protected objects, and non-determinism. Ada improves code safety and maintainability by using the compiler to find errors in favor of runtime errors.

## Resources

* Overview
* Setting up the compiler
* Introduction

## See Also

* Wikipedia:Ada (programming language)
# Acute Coronary Syndrome Orders
## Admission

Admitting Physician:_______________________ Attending Physician:_______________________ Family/PC Physician:_______________________

## Diet

* cardiac diet
* food that can release the blockage of the artery

## Activity

* bed rest

## Vitals

* telemetry
* continuous monitoring ECG
* Vitals with pulse oximetry q4h

## Investigations

* Routine - CBCD
* renal → creatinine, lytes, total protein, Mg, urine analysis
* liver → albumin, PT, ALKP, ALT, bilirubin
* CXR daily x 3 days

## Acute Coronary Syndrome

* CK q8h (x 5 for MI, x3 to rule out MI)
* troponin I q3h x 3 to rule out Acute MI and continued until levels peak.

## Cardiac

* fasting lip id profile in AM
* HgBA1C for diabetics
* fasting homocysteine
* HgB, plt q2d (for patients on unfractionated)

## Drugs

MONA - Should be completed at the time of admission.
* Morphine
* Oxygen at 3L/min by NC prn, titrate to saturation >90%
* Nitrate therapy IV (25 mg in 250 mL D5W) or NG patch
* ASA 160 mg po chew and swallow, then enteric coated ASA (ECASA) 81 mg po qd

## Blood

* catheter lab (door to balloon time < 90 minutes)
* thrombolytic therapy (ie tenecteplase) as per Acute MI protocol (if STEMI) (< 30 minutes)
* Clopidogrel 600 mg po STAT, then Clopidogrel 75 mg po qd
* enoxaparin 1 mg/kg sc q12h to a max of 100 mg/dose
↓O2 NEED
* metoprolol 5 mg IV q5 min x 3; followed by 25 mg po q6h x 48h, then 100 mg po q12h
* ACEi

## Maintain

* Lipitor
* cardiac rehabilitation to see
* Nitroglycerin 0.3 mg sublingual q 5 min x3 PRN chest pain
# Acute coronary syndrome

The article on Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is part of both Topic:Cardiology and Topic:Emergency Medicine.
The term acute coronary syndrome (ACS) includes:
* unstable angina (UA)
* non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI)
* ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) (commonly known as 'heart attack')
STEMI is one of the leading causes of death in the western world. ACS may develop suddenly or gradually. UA may progress to STEMI. An apprpriate management of STEMI may help restore the blood supply to the areas of the heart affected by the infarction. The term appropriate here means AT TIME.
# Actualization (DD)

Actualization is the coming forth of the virtual into the actual. In Difference & Repetition, Deleuze prefers the term actualization to representation because the latter relies on a binary system of thought he critiqued throughout his career. Actualization is related to expression, stemming from his persistent interest in the world as itself an expressive and immanent entity. The world consist of neither representations, nor is it directly inhabited without mediation.
In A Thousand Plateaus, Deleuze and Guattari defines actualization as occurring specifically in the plane of immanence. The plane of immanence is constituted at the interface of the virtual and its actualization, which is simultaneously the point at which the actual object folds back into the virtual images that support it.
Every experienced moment that presents itself as an actualization is brought to a plane by moments of the past, and its significance folds back into the virtual structure of the past which sustains it. A tree, for instance, is not simply a punctuation in the field of the visual. As Todd May writes, “There is no present that does not actualize the past. It is all of the past that is actualized at every moment. The past that is actualized exists.” Actualization is the past as it is lived throughout an unfolding present that folds back into the past. There are no cuts with Deleuze, as if the present is cut from the past, only ongoing continuities, flows, and unfoldings. Memories are a fold in this virtual fabric: “degrees or modes of actualization which are spread out between two extremes of the actual and the virtual: the actual and its virtual on the small circuit, expanding virtualities in the deep circuit.” The virtual and the actual are entwined in one another.
# Amazon Web Services/AWS Lambda

AWS Lambda is an event-driven, serverless computing platform. It is a computing service that runs code in response to events and automatically manages the computing resources required by that code. It was introduced in November 2014. Other similar solutions in the market are Google Cloud functions, Oracle Cloud Fn and Azure Functions.
# Amazon Web Services/AWS Step Functions

AWS Step Functions allows to coordinate the components of your application as series of steps in a visual workflow and create state machines in the Step Functions Console to specify and execute your application.
# Amazon Web Services/CloudFormation

AWS CloudFormation allows to create AWS resources (called in CloudFormation terminology stacks) using YAML or JSON documents, with AWS taking care of using the definitions to provision and configure the required resources. CloudFormation is an early example of a declarative w:Infrastructure as Code tool.. You can create AWS CloudFormation documents using Amazon CloudFormer tools or manually using your favorite text editor, once your documents are created you can execute them using AWS Web Console or AWS CLI.
# Amazon Web Services/Elastic Container Service

Elastic Container Service (ECS) launched in December 2014, as technology preview in November 2014, supports to run Docker containers in AWS as a Service and Auto Scaling since May 2016. For creating a ECS resource using Cloudformation you can use AWS ECS Reference Architecture.