OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Writing/Tone

In the context of writing, "tone" refers to the author's attitude or emotional expression towards the subject matter and the audience. It conveys the writer's feelings, perspective, and overall mood, influencing the way readers perceive the content. Tone plays a crucial role in shaping the reader's experience and understanding of the text. Here are several examples of different tones in writing:
* Formal Tone:
** Example: In accordance with company policy, we kindly request that you adhere to the established guidelines when submitting your application.
* Informal Tone:
** Example: Hey, could you please let me know if you're coming to the party? It'll be a blast!
* Conversational Tone:
** Example: So, you know, I was thinking, maybe we should grab a coffee sometime and catch up?
* Authoritative Tone:
** Example: The research findings unequivocally support the conclusion that climate change is a pressing global issue.
* Objective Tone:
** Example: The data presented in the report indicates a consistent trend over the past five years without expressing any bias.
* Humorous Tone:
** Example: After attempting to bake a cake for the third time, I've officially declared a state of emergency in my kitchen.
* Sarcastic Tone:
** Example: Oh, wonderful! Another flat tire on a Monday morning. My day is just getting better and better.
* Optimistic Tone:
** Example: Despite the challenges we face, there is an undeniable sense of hope and optimism for a brighter future.
* Cautious Tone:
** Example: Before proceeding with the project, it's imperative that we carefully evaluate the potential risks and benefits.
* Melancholic Tone:
** Example: As the sun set behind the mountains, a feeling of profound sadness washed over her, reminiscent of lost dreams and unfulfilled promises.
* Excited Tone:
** Example: Brace yourselves, because the announcement we've all been waiting for is finally here! Get ready for an incredible adventure!
* Detached Tone:
** Example: The narrator observed the events unfold with a detached sense of detachment, as if merely an impartial observer without personal involvement.
* Sympathetic Tone:
** Example: I understand that this is a difficult time for you, and I want you to know that I'm here to offer support in any way I can.
* Instructive Tone:
** Example: To assemble the furniture, carefully follow the step-by-step instructions provided in the manual.
* Energetic Tone:
** Example: Prepare for an electrifying performance that will leave you on the edge of your seat!
These examples illustrate the diverse range of tones that writers can employ to convey their intended emotions, attitudes, and perspectives. The choice of tone is a deliberate decision that contributes to the overall impact and effectiveness of the writing.
# Writing/Transition phrases

Transitional phrases are essential for creating smooth and coherent writing. They help guide readers through your text and indicate the relationships between ideas. Here are various transitional phrases that can be useful in good writing:
1. Addition:
* Furthermore
* Moreover
* Additionally
* In addition
* Besides
* Also
* Likewise
2. Contrast:
* However
* Nevertheless
* On the contrary
* Conversely
* In contrast
* Nonetheless
* Yet
* Still
3. Comparison:
* Similarly
* Likewise
* In the same way
* Just as
* Compared to
* Correspondingly
4. Cause and Effect:
* Therefore
* Consequently
* As a result
* Thus
* Hence
* Accordingly
* So
* Because
5. Time and Sequence:
* Meanwhile
* Simultaneously
* Subsequently
* Previously
* Eventually
* In the meantime
* Next
* Finally
6. Emphasis:
* Indeed
* Certainly
* Undoubtedly
* Of course
* Clearly
* Obviously
* In fact
7. Summarizing:
* In conclusion
* To sum up
* Overall
* To conclude
* In summary
* All in all
8. Illustration or Example:
* For instance
* For example
* Such as
* Namely
* In particular
9. Clarification:
* That is to say
* In other words
* Specifically
* To clarify
* To put it differently
10. Result or Effect:
* Accordingly
* As a result
* Consequently
* Therefore
* Thus
11. Condition:
* If
* Unless
* Provided that
* In case
* Whether
* Even if
12. Concession:
* Although
* Even though
* Despite
* In spite of
* Granted that
13. Reformulation:
* In other words
* Put differently
* To rephrase it
* I mean
* That is
* To put it another way
14. Intensification:
* Indeed
* Furthermore
* Moreover
* What's more
* In fact
* Not only...but also
15. Agreement:
* Likewise
* Similarly
* Equally
* In the same way
* Correspondingly
Using these transitional phrases appropriately can enhance the flow and coherence of your writing. It's important to choose transitions that fit the context and help your readers follow your ideas smoothly.
[1] ChatGPT generated this text responding to the prompt: “what are various transitional phrases that are useful in good writing”.
# Writing/Show rather than tell

"Show, don't tell" is a principle in writing that encourages authors to use vivid descriptions, sensory details, and actions to allow readers to experience a story rather than just being told about it. Here are several examples to illustrate this concept:
* Telling: She was sad.
** Showing: Tears welled in her eyes as she gazed out the window, the weight of her disappointment settling in her shoulders.
* Telling: The room was messy.
** Showing: Clothes lay scattered on the floor, a layer of dust coating neglected surfaces, and the air held a faint scent of stale pizza.
* Telling: It was a hot day.
** Showing: The asphalt shimmered in the relentless sun, and the air was thick with the sweet hum of cicadas as beads of sweat formed on his forehead.
* Telling: The dinner was delicious.
** Showing: The flavors exploded in her mouth—savory, tangy, and a hint of sweetness—as she savored each bite, unwilling to let the culinary masterpiece end.
* Telling: He was nervous.
** Showing: His hands trembled as he tried to steady his breath, and his gaze darted around the room, avoiding eye contact with those who could sense his unease.
* Telling: The city was beautiful.
** Showing: Skyscrapers glittered like crystal in the night, the city lights forming a tapestry that danced along the river, captivating anyone lucky enough to witness the spectacle.
* Telling: The dog was scared.
** Showing: Ears flattened against its head, the dog cowered behind the sofa, whimpering softly with wide, fearful eyes fixed on the looming thunderstorm outside.
* Telling: She was excited.
** Showing: She bounced on her toes, a radiant smile lighting up her face, and her eyes sparkled with an infectious energy that hinted at the joy bubbling within.
* Telling: The forest was quiet.
** Showing: The only sound was the rustle of leaves beneath her boots, the forest holding its breath as if sharing a secret with the solitary hiker.
* Telling: The car was old.
** Showing: Rust clung to the edges of the worn paint, and the engine groaned with each turn of the key, a testament to the countless miles and memories it had accumulated.
In each example, the "showing" version provides more sensory details and paints a richer picture for the reader, allowing them to immerse themselves in the experience rather than being given a simple statement of fact.
# Writing/Paragraph as the major organizing element

Using the paragraph as the major organizing element when writing is a fundamental concept in effective composition. A paragraph is a self-contained unit of thought that focuses on a particular idea or topic. It serves as a building block, allowing writers to structure their thoughts in a logical and cohesive manner. By embracing the paragraph as an organizational tool, writers can enhance the clarity and flow of their writing.
Each paragraph should have a clear and unified central idea, often expressed in a topic sentence. This sentence acts as a roadmap, guiding the reader through the content of the paragraph. The subsequent sentences provide supporting details, examples, or explanations that develop and reinforce the main idea. This structure not only helps convey information in a coherent manner but also facilitates comprehension for the reader.
Furthermore, using paragraphs allows for a smooth transition between different aspects of the writer's argument or narrative. When a new idea is introduced, it is often advisable to start a new paragraph. This separation creates a visual break for the reader and signals a shift in focus. Transitional phrases at the end of paragraphs can also connect ideas and maintain the overall flow of the writing.
In longer pieces of writing, such as essays or articles, each paragraph contributes to the overall progression of the argument or narrative. Careful organization at the paragraph level ensures that the writing remains well-structured and easy to follow. This approach not only aids the reader but also assists the writer in maintaining a clear line of thought.
Moreover, the use of paragraphs provides a sense of rhythm and pacing in writing. Varying paragraph lengths can create a dynamic and engaging reading experience. Short paragraphs can emphasize key points or add emphasis, while longer ones allow for more in-depth exploration of ideas.
In summary, the paragraph is a powerful tool for organizing and presenting information in a way that is accessible to readers. By focusing on a single main idea in each paragraph and carefully arranging these units, writers can achieve clarity, coherence, and a well-organized structure in their writing. The effective use of paragraphs contributes significantly to the overall quality and impact of written communication.
# Writing/Precise descriptive, and engaging language

The advice to avoid certain words like "very," "good," "get," "thing," or "things" in writing is often given to encourage writers to be more precise, descriptive, and engaging in their expression. Here are reasons why these words are often discouraged:
* Lack of Specificity:
** Words like "very" and "good" are general and lack specificity. By replacing them with more precise terms, writers can convey their ideas more vividly. For example, instead of saying "very happy," one might say "ecstatic" or "joyful."
* Weak Verbs:
** "Get" is a generic and often overused verb. Using more specific verbs can strengthen writing and provide a clearer picture of the action. For instance, instead of saying "get the book," one might say "retrieve the book" or "obtain the book."
* Vagueness:
** "Thing" and "things" are vague and nondescript. Using more specific nouns or terms helps convey the writer's intended meaning more precisely. For example, instead of saying "things to consider," one might specify by saying "factors to consider" or "important aspects to ponder."
* Redundancy:
** Overusing certain generic words can lead to redundancy in writing. Avoiding unnecessary repetition contributes to more concise and effective communication.
* Elevating Style and Tone:
** Writing is often more engaging when it incorporates a diverse and rich vocabulary. Avoiding overused or vague words allows writers to elevate their style and tone, making their writing more interesting and compelling.
* Encouraging Thoughtful Expression:
** By avoiding common placeholders like "very" or "thing," writers are encouraged to think more deeply about their ideas and find more precise and nuanced ways to express them.
It's important to note that these guidelines are not absolute rules, and there may be instances where using these words is appropriate. However, the advice is intended to prompt writers to be mindful of their language choices and to strive for clarity, specificity, and creativity in their writing. It encourages a more conscious approach to language that can enhance the overall quality of written communication.
# Writing/Punctuation marks

Punctuation marks play a crucial role in American English writing, helping to convey meaning, indicate pauses, and clarify relationships between words and ideas. Here is a list of common punctuation marks in American English along with a brief description of their correct usage:
* Period (.)
** Use: Indicates the end of a sentence.
** Example: She went to the store.
* Comma (,):
** Use:
*** Separates items in a list.
*** Joins independent clauses with a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet).
*** Sets off introductory elements.
*** Separates items in dates, addresses, and numbers.
** Examples:
*** We bought apples, oranges, and bananas.
*** She likes coffee, but he prefers tea.
*** In the morning, they went for a walk.
* Semicolon (;):
** Use:
*** Connects closely related independent clauses.
*** Separates items in a list when those items contain commas.
** Examples:
*** She finished her work; then, she went home.
*** The team included Sally, the project manager; Mark, the designer; and Alex, the developer.
* Colon (:):
** Use:
*** Introduces a list, explanation, or example.
*** Separates hours from minutes in time.
*** Introduces a formal quotation.
** Examples:
*** There are three colors in the flag: red, white, and blue.
*** The meeting is scheduled for 3:30 PM.
*** The professor said: "Always proofread your essays."
* Question Mark (?):
** Use: Indicates the end of a direct question.
** Example: Are you coming to the party?
* Exclamation Mark (!):
** Use: Indicates strong emotion or emphasis.
** Example: What a beautiful sunset!
* Quotation Marks (" "):
** Use:
*** Encloses direct speech or a quotation.
*** Indicates the title of a short work (e.g., a chapter, article, or song).
** Examples:
*** She said, "I'll be there at 3:00."
*** We read the short story "The Lottery."
* Apostrophe ('):
** Use:
*** Indicates possession.
*** Marks contractions.
** Examples:
*** Mary's car is parked outside.
*** It's a beautiful day.
* Hyphen (-):
** Use:
*** Joins words to create compound words.
*** Connects words in a compound adjective.
** Examples:
*** Well-known author
*** Twenty-four
* En Dash (–):
** Use:
*** Indicates a range of values (e.g., 10–20).
*** Connects related items.
** Examples:
*** Pages 10–15
*** The New York–London flight
* Em Dash (—):
** Use:
*** Indicates a sudden break or change in thought.
*** Sets off parenthetical information.
** Examples:
*** The decision—it surprised everyone—was made yesterday.
*** The president—accompanied by his advisors—announced the new policy.
* Parentheses ():
** Use:
*** Encloses additional or explanatory information.
*** Sets off numbers or letters in a list.
** Examples:
*** The meeting (scheduled for 3:00 PM) was postponed.
*** Please choose one of the following options: (a) red, (b) blue, (c) green.
These punctuation marks are foundational to conveying meaning and clarity in American English writing. Proper usage contributes to effective communication and ensures that the reader can interpret the text as intended by the writer.
# Writing/Semicolon character

The semicolon (;) is a versatile punctuation mark that is often used to connect closely related independent clauses and to separate items in a series when those items already contain commas. Here are the primary rules for using the semicolon in American English writing:
* Between Independent Clauses:
** Use a semicolon to connect two closely related independent clauses (complete sentences) that are not joined by a coordinating conjunction (and, but, or, nor, for, so, yet).
*** Example: She finished her work; then she went for a walk.
* Before Transitional Expressions:
** Use a semicolon before certain transitional expressions (however, therefore, nevertheless, etc.) that connect two independent clauses.
*** Example: The weather was terrible; nevertheless, we decided to go camping.
* In Lists with Commas:
** Use semicolons to separate items in a list when those items contain commas. This helps to avoid confusion.
*** Example: The conference included experts from New York, New York; Los Angeles, California; and Chicago, Illinois.
* To Clarify Lists:
** Use semicolons to clarify a complex list or when the list items are lengthy or contain internal punctuation.
*** Example: The ingredients for the recipe included eggs, beaten well; flour, sifted; and sugar, measured precisely.
* In Sentence Combinations:
** Use a semicolon to separate elements in a sentence when there is a comma within one or more of the elements.
*** Example: After the meeting, we'll go out for dinner; however, we need to make a reservation first.
* Before "However," "Therefore," "Moreover," etc.:
** Use a semicolon before these adverbs when they are used to connect two independent clauses.
*** Example: She didn't study for the exam; however, she still managed to get an A.
It's important to note that the semicolon is often used to create a stronger connection between independent clauses than a period would, emphasizing the relationship between the ideas. However, it should be used judiciously to avoid overuse and maintain readability.
Remember that proper punctuation contributes to clarity and effective communication in writing. Always proofread your work to ensure that your use of semicolons aligns with these guidelines and enhances the overall quality of your writing.
# Writing/Suitable sentence length

Sentence length is an important aspect of good writing, and guidelines for determining sentence length can vary based on the context, purpose, and audience. Here are some general guidelines to consider:
* Variety is Key:
** A mix of sentence lengths creates a more engaging and dynamic writing style. While short sentences can be impactful, longer sentences can convey complex ideas. Strive for a balance to maintain reader interest.
* Short Sentences for Emphasis:
** Short sentences are effective for emphasis and can create a sense of urgency or impact. They work well for conveying straightforward information, making key points, or emphasizing important details.
* Long Sentences for Detail and Complexity:
** Longer sentences are suitable for conveying detailed information, presenting complex ideas, and establishing a flow of thought. However, they should be well-structured to maintain clarity and coherence.
* Consider the Reader's Comfort:
** Pay attention to the comfort of your readers. Excessively long sentences can lead to confusion or fatigue. Break down complex ideas into smaller, more digestible parts.
* Match Sentence Length to Tone and Purpose:
** The tone and purpose of your writing can influence sentence length. Formal or academic writing may include longer sentences for in-depth analysis, while informal or conversational writing may incorporate shorter, punchy sentences for readability.
* Read Aloud:
** Reading your writing aloud can help you identify natural pauses and assess the flow of your sentences. If a sentence feels awkward or confusing when read aloud, consider revising it for clarity.
* Avoid Monotonous Rhythm:
** Varying sentence lengths prevents a monotonous rhythm and adds a sense of musicality to your writing. It keeps readers engaged and creates a more enjoyable reading experience.
* Consider the Genre:
** Different genres may have different conventions regarding sentence length. For example, creative writing or fiction may allow for more stylistic variation, while technical writing may prioritize clarity and brevity.
* Trim Excess Words:
** Edit your sentences to remove unnecessary words or redundancies. This can help in maintaining concise yet effective communication.
* Follow Punctuation Guidelines:
** Proper use of punctuation, such as commas, colons, and semicolons, can contribute to the clarity of longer sentences. Ensure that your punctuation aids comprehension rather than hindering it.
* Adapt to Reader's Expectations:
** Understand the expectations of your audience. Certain readers may prefer succinct, to-the-point sentences, while others may appreciate more elaborate and descriptive prose.
Ultimately, the key is to be mindful of your writing goals and adapt your sentence length to suit the demands of your content. Effective writing involves a thoughtful balance between short and long sentences to convey ideas clearly, maintain reader interest, and achieve the desired impact.
# Ramazzini Center/Basic course in occupational health research/Iceland 2020/Zoom meetings

Zoom 3 sep 2020 at 1 pm Iceland time
* Presenting the MAR-NET Wikiversity pages
* Next meeting wait till after progress in the project
Zoom 3 sep 2020 at 1 pm Iceland time
* Good progress, Questionnaires send out to ca 100 seafarers - fishing
* demographic variables for comparison of different types of work and ships in new study and other countries
* Our team include SE, VB & OJ - we will meet all three in Zoom
* Next zoom meeting Monday 14 sep at 1 pm Iceland time, OJ send invitation
25 Aug 2020 at 1 pm Iceland
* Translate ethical form
* Clarify research question and questionnaire
24 aug 2020 at 1pm Iceland time Agenda:
* Etical committee - we continue later
* The research question (safety climate or ...)
* Which literature reference program - Endnote (Zotero)
* Protocol draft exists
* Wiki account
Monday 24 aug 2020 at 1pm Iceland time Agenda:
* Etical committee - we continue later
* The research question (safety climate or ...)
* Which literature reference program - Endnote (Zotero)
* Protocol draft exists
* Wiki account
Monday 17 aug 2020 at 2pm Iceland time Agenda:
* The research question (safety climate or ...)
* Which literature reference program - Endnote (Zotero)
* Protocol draft exists
* Wiki account
Mon 10 Aug 2PM Iceland 9AM Panama Agenda:
* Article discussion: Validity Assessment of the Persian Version of the Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50): A Case Study in a Steel Company - Link to open
* Research project: To trawlere fra Sildarvinnslan paa Norfjorður ca. 65 mænd.
* Create Wiki Account
* Next meeting Monday 17 aug 2020 at 2pm Iceland time
# Ramazzini Center/Basic course in occupational health research/Iceland 2020/Draft abstract
## Introduction

The objective is to study the safety climate on Icelandic trawlers

## Material and methods

Four Icelandic companies have been selected as participants mainly trawlers: The Nordic Safety Climate Questionnaire (NOSACQ-50)will be distributed among 80 seafarers on xx trawlers. used. It is constructed as a tool to measure safety climate. Attitudes of managers is asked as well as workers attitude and their perception of safety climate in the working environment on board. It the hope of the researchers to get 80 valid answers from the population sample on the ships in question. The questionary consists of 7 dimensions with the following names; This questionary has been used in Iceland earlier on behalf of the Administration of occupational safety and health in construction industry,nursing and bye occupational safety specialists., It has also been used in the energy sector and at the universities within Bachelor and Masters programs.
# Ramazzini Center/Basic course in occupational health research/Iceland 2020/Background - search and review relevant scientific articles
## Background

* Iceland fishing fleet
* data on accidents fatal and non-fatal
* maritime authority
* previous research publications
* studies on safety ...
# Ramazzini Center/Basic course in occupational health research/Iceland 2020/Questionnaire

Safety climate and resilience among seafarers in Iceland
# Segment display/Nine-segment display
## Examples
### numbers

| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |

### alphabet uppercase

| A | C | E | F | G | H | J | K | L | N | R | S | U | V |
| Template:14seg | Template:14seg | Template:14seg | Template:14seg | Template:14seg | Template:14seg | Template:14seg | Template:14seg | Template:14seg | Template:14seg | Template:14seg | Template:914seg | Template:14seg | Template:14seg |

### alphabet lowercase

| c | e | g | h | n | o | r | t | u | v | z |

### Punctuation

| " | ' | - | = | _ | ´ | < |

### Greek letter

! style-"min-width": 10em | Α ! style-"min-width": 10em | Β ! style-"min-width": 10em | Γ |- |
# Segment display/Eleven-segment display

* Labels of 11-segment display
* Labels of 11-segment display, cross version