OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Korean/Words/엮다

* ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ -ㄱ-ㄲ-ㄴ-ㄷ-ㄸ-ㄹ-ㅁ-ㅂ-ㅃ-ㅅ-ㅆ-ㅇ-ㅈ-ㅉ-ㅊ-ㅋ-ㅌ-ㅍ-ㅎ- 말+/말씀+/물+/불+ a2z/Basics/News/Notes/Table/Legend/Sandbox

## 엮다
### Verb

* 노끈이나 새끼 따위의 여러 가닥을 얽거나 이리저리 어긋매어 어떤 물건을 만들다. 여러 개의 물건을 끈이나 줄로 어긋매어 묶다. 글이나 이야기 따위를 구성하기 위하여 여러 가지 소재를 일정한 순서와 체계에 맞추어 짜다.
    to yoke, join, bind

### Synonyms

* 얽다 (eolg-da)
* 얽어매다 (eolg-eo-mae-da)

### Relatives

* 매다 (mae-da, "to join, bind")

### Comparatives

yoke #Translations :
| Danish: åk Dutch: juk English: yoke German: Joch Icelandic: ok Norwegian: åk Swedish: ok | French: joug Italian: giogo Latin: iugum Portuguese: jugo Spanish: yugo |
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=엮다
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/엮다
# Korean/Words/아빠

* ㄱ ㄲ ㄴ ㄷ ㄸ ㄹ ㅁ ㅂ ㅃ ㅅ ㅆ ㅇ ㅈ ㅉ ㅊ ㅋ ㅌ ㅍ ㅎ -ㄱ-ㄲ-ㄴ-ㄷ-ㄸ-ㄹ-ㅁ-ㅂ-ㅃ-ㅅ-ㅆ-ㅇ-ㅈ-ㅉ-ㅊ-ㅋ-ㅌ-ㅍ-ㅎ- 말+/말씀+/물+/불+ a2z/Basics/News/Notes/Table/Legend/Sandbox

## 아빠
### Noun

* 격식을 갖추지 않아도 되는 상황에서, ‘아버지’를 이르거나 부르는 말.
    (informal of father) papa, dad, daddy

### Antonyms

* 엄마 (oemma, "mama, mam") cf. mamma

### Formalism

* 아버지 (abeoji, "father"), cf. 아비 (abi), 애비 (aebi)
* 어머니 (eomeoni, "mother"), cf. 어미 (eomi), 애미 (aemi)
* 어버이 (eoㅠeoi, "parent")
* 부모 (父母, bumo, "parent")

### Relatives

* 아들 (adeul, "son")
* 딸 (ttal, "daughter")
* 아이 (ai, "kid")
* 자식 (子息, jasig, "child")
* 자제 (子弟, jaje)

### Comparatives

    From dad #Translations
| Germanic, Norse, Romance | Others |
| Germanic Dutch: pappa English: papa German: Papa Norse Faroese: babba Icelandic: pabbi Norwegian: pappa Swedish: pappa Romance French: papa Italian: papà Portuguese: papá Spanish: papá | Albanian: babi Arabic: بَابَا‎ (bābā) Armenian: պապա (papa) Chinese Cantonese: 阿爸 (aabaa) Mandarin: 爸爸 (bàba) Hindi: अब्बा (abbā), बाबा (bābā) Hungarian: apa Korean: 아빠 (appa) Russian: па́па (pápa) Turkish: baba |

### See also

* 엄마 (oemma, "mama, mam") cf. mamma
* 아들 (adeul, "son")
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/#/search?query=아빠
* ↑ https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/아빠
* ↑ https://ko.dict.naver.com/kokodict/#/search?query=자제 남을 높여 그의 아들을 이르는 말. 남을 높여 그 집안의 젊은이를 이르는 말.
# Lentivirus

Lentivirus (lenti-, Latin for "slow") is a genus of slow viruses of the Retroviridae family, characterized by a long incubation period. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV), and Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) are all examples of lentiviruses. The Lentivirus genus belongs to the Orthoretrovirinae subfamily of the Retroviridae family.

## Phylogeny

Five serogroups of lentiviruses are recognized, reflecting the vertebrate hosts with which they are associated (primates, sheep and goats, cats, horses, and cattle). The primate lentiviruses are distinguished by the use of CD4 protein as receptor and the absence of dUTPase. Feline lentivirus gag antibodies cross react with SRLV gag antigens
* Bovine lentivirus group
** Bovine immunodeficiency virus
* Equine lentivirus group
** Equine infectious anaemia virus
* Small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV)
** Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV)
** ovine Visna/maedi virus (MVV)
* Feline immunodeficiency virus
** domestic cat FIV (FIVfca)
** puma immunodeficiency virus (FIVpco)
** African lion (Panthera leo) FIV infection (FIVple)
* Primate lentivirus group
** Human immunodeficiency virus 1
** Human immunodeficiency virus 2
** Simian immunodeficiency virus
All of the above viruses infect mammalian hosts that belong to the clade Boreoeutheria:
Laurasiatheria:
* Artiodactyla
** goats
** sheep
** cows
* Pegasoferae:
** Carnivora
*** cats
** Perissodactyla
*** horses
Euarchontoglires:
* Primates
** mangabeys
** macaques
** monkeys
** chimpanzees and
** humans.

## Open reading frames

The lentivirus genome codes for at least five structural proteins and at least three enzymes:
* structural proteins:
** env gene
*** surface envelope protein (SU) gp120
*** transmembrane envelope protein (TM) gp41
** gag gene
*** capsid protein (CA) p24
*** capsid protein (NC)
*** matrix protein (MA) p17
* enzymes:
** pro gene
*** protease (PR)
*** integrase (IN)
** pol gene
*** reverse transcriptase
** rev gene
** vif gene
** tat/vpr gene
# Lentivirus/Small-ruminant lentiviruses

The small-ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) are a genetically and antigenically heterogeneous group of viruses infecting sheep and goats. The small-ruminant lentiviruses ovine maedi-visna virus (MVV) and caprine arthritis-encephalitis virus (CAEV) cause encephalitis, progressive pneumonia, arthritis, and mastitis in sheep and goats. SRLV isolates are classified into five genotype clusters designated A through E. Maedi-visna virus-like strains belong to genotype A. Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus (CAEV)-like strains belong to genotype B. Genotype A infects sheep. Genotypes B and E infect goats.
SRLV's genome contains the gag, pol, and env structural genes and the vif, tat/vpr, and rev accessory genes characteristic of lentivirus genomes.
# Lenz's law

Physicist Emil Lenz (pronounced /ˈlɛnts/) formulated Lenz's law in 1834, after which it was named for him.

## Magnetic fields

"The direction of current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field due to Faraday's law of induction will be such that it will create a field that opposes the change that produced it."
For current I that generates a magnetic field
    $B=LI$
The induced current generated
    $-\phi =-NB=-NLI$

## Theoretical Lenz's law

Def. "a law of electromagnetic induction which states that an electromotive force, induced in a conductor, is always in such a direction that the current it would produce would oppose the change which caused it; it is a form of the law of conservation of energy" is called Lenz's law.
# Leopold and Loeb: An Analysis

The famous Leopold and Loeb case consisted of two wealthy, promising young white boys who committed murder on 14-year-old Robert Franks.

### Background

Leopold and Loeb both come from very prestigious backgrounds: The Leobs owned an estate (now called Castle Farms) while the Leopolds were a wealthy German Jewish family. Leopold was so intelligent he, at the age of 19 (time of the murder), he already completed an undergraduate degree at the University of Chicago (and aspiring and spoke five of the fifteen languages he was speaking fluently. Loeb skipped several grades and graduated from the University of Michigan at the age of 17 (youngest graduate at the school). Overall, we can definitely see that Leopold and Loeb, not even mentioning that they are white during a time like the 1930s, were not your average kids---but were special and came from pretty rich and high-statued families.

#### Why did Leopold and Loeb, for an act of planned violence, received life instead of death?

We can see from the lives of Leopold and Loeb that although they DID have an attraction to petty crime, such as theft and vandalism, their criminal actions did not go as far as to HURT another human being, as it obviously has been shown by Bigger with his humiliating attack on Gus, attack, and rape of two other women, killing of Bessie, and finally: The killing of Mary Dalton. It is obvious that he has extreme violent tendencies and was of no benefit to his community or society unlike the killers of Robert Franks, who were prestigious and intelligent students who posed a benefit to society (https://historybecauseitshere.weebly.com/the-murderer-and-the-museum-curator---nathan-leopold-and-kirtlands-warbler.html--Nathan Leopold's research on the Kirtland's Warbler, an endangered songbird).
What is the proof that Leopold and Loeb are good-will people who committed one terrible mistake (https://www.collinsdictionary.com/us/dictionary/english/mistake: A mistake is something or part of something that is incorrect or not right)? Both made good actions in prison, including:
* Creating a new high school and junior college curriculum in the prison (Stateville Penitentiary).
* Leopold reorganized the prison library, taught the students in the school system and worked (volunteer) at the prison hospital
Loeb wasn't able to live out to parole like his friend Leopold did, as Loeb died from an attack by another inmate in prison. Leopold was released on parole in 1958, where he attempted to set up a foundation dedicated to helping troubled youth (sadly, this was not launched as this interfered with the terms of his parole). He eventually moved to Peutro Rico and lived a relatively productive life, including becoming a medical technician in a hospital.
# Lunar Boom Town/Asteroid Industries

We mine asteroids for precious metals in particular.
We have asteroid surveying probes we send out to survey asteroids for potential financial gain. We then send out unmanned mining aerospace vehicles to harvest the asteroids and return to the base.
# Lunar Boom Town/Aluminum Production

Potential Markets
    AL-LOX Monopropellant Tests
    Aluminium is one of the most abundant materials on the moon, much more abundant than copper.
# Lunar Boom Town/Air Plant

Background: Breathable air has specific ranges of content of oxygen, nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide.
http://www.livescience.com/technology/050718_station_air.html
Business Services:
* Sell new air created by purchase of LLOXLunar_Boom_Town/LOX_Domestic_and_Exports, Liquid NitrogenLunar_Boom_Town/Nitrogen_commodity_imports_and_futures, Water, and mix to advertised composition of fresh, new air products.
* Receive used air and recondition and deliver fresh air back to the customer via either bottle or airline.
       Air Scrubber Technology sounds like a spray nozzle, algae aquarium, and appropriate circulation, harvesting, back flush or filter scrubbing processes. Algae --> Fertilizer/Methane Digester or perhaps ethnanol/animal feed.
* Monitor and alert for dangerous breathing conditions.
* Sell excess H2O, CO2, impurities extracted from used air.
Pricing: Could be by volume of air processed or delivered or number of people/animals/plants serviced for a specified time period.
Capital Required: Air processing equipment. Gas reserve storage for O2,N,H2O,CO2. Air line or bottle delivery. Telemetry monitoring.
Possibly applicable technologies:
Acquiring initial and makeup stock of oxygen:
Acquiring initial and makeup stock of nitrogen:
* Import from Earth
* Recover from Earth imported materials ... i.e. food, fabric, cleaners, etc.
# Lunar Boom Town/Basic needs

Food - Could potentially be grown in green houses, or all imported...
Shelter - This needs to be pressurized properly and structurally stable
Water - People need to drink water after all.
# Linux Administration/System Services

This section of the Linux Administration course covers system services. Lessons include System Time, System Logging, Mail Transfer Agent, and Printing.

## Preparation

Learners should already be familiar with introductory computer concepts, computer support concepts, and computer networking concepts.

## Lessons

* System Time
* System Logging
* Mail Transfer Agent
* Printing

## See Also

* Linux
# Linux Administration/System Services/Printing

This lesson covers printing.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the printing portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Manage printers and printing
** Basic CUPS configuration (for local and remote printers)
** Manage user print queues
** Troubleshoot general printing problems
** Add and remove jobs from configured printer queues
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** CUPS configuration files, tools and utilities
*** /etc/cups
*** lpd legacy interface (lpr, lprm, lpq)

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial IBM: Learn Linux, 101: Manage printers and printing
# Linux Administration/System Services/System Logging/Journalctl

Journalctl command allows to query the contents of the systemd journal/logs.

## Configuration

* /etc/systemd/journald.conf

## Basic Commands

* journalctl or journalctl --no-pager
* journalctl -r (reverse order)
* journalctl -k : Show only kernel messages
* journalctl -f (follow)
* journalctl -u service-name.service
    journalctl -u libvirtd
* journalctl --verify
* Disk Usage/Logging: journalctl --disk-usage
* journalctl --vacuum-size=200M
** --vacuum-size=BYTES Reduce disk usage below specified size
** --vacuum-files=INT Leave only the specified number of journal files
** --vacuum-time=TIME Remove journal files older than specified time
* journalctl --list-boots. See also: last (command)
# Linux Administration/System Services/Mail Transfer Agent

This lesson covers the mail transfer agent.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the mail transfer agent portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Mail transfer agent (MTA) basics
** Create email aliases
** Configure email forwarding
** Knowledge of commonly available MTA programs (postfix, sendmail, qmail, exim) (no configuration)
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** ~/.forward
*** sendmail emulation layer commands
*** newaliases
*** mail
*** mailq
*** postfix
*** sendmail
*** exim
*** qmail

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial IBM: Learn Linux, 101: Mail transfer agent (MTA) basics
# Linux Administration/System Services/System Logging

This lesson covers system logging of Linux+ Certification

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the system logging portion of Linux+ certification include:
* System logging
** Configuration of the syslog daemon
** Understanding of standard facilities, priorities and actions
** Configuration of logrotate
** Awareness of rsyslog and syslog-ng
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** Logs are usually stored in: /var/log/
*** syslogd: syslog.conf
*** klogd
*** logger
*** logrotate: /etc/logrotate.conf, /etc/logrotate.d/
*** logcheck
*** systemd
**** Journalctl
**** /etc/systemd/journald.conf
**** /var/log/journal/
** Logwatch for parsing logs based on patterns and generate a report.

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial IBM: Learn Linux, 101: System logging
# Helping Give Away Psychological Science/Coping with Shootings Toolkit

HGAPS is finding new ways to make psychological science conferences more accessible!
Here are examples from APA 2022 and the JCCAP Future Directions Forum. Coming soon... ABCT! ~ More at HGAPS.org ~
This page brings together general resources for coping with mass shootings. These resources were compiled by Helping Give Away Psychological Science, a non-profit focused on dissemination and connecting people to resources from which they could greatly benefit.

## Helpful Pages
### Coping with Shooting

Helping Give Away Psychological Science/Coping with shooting

### Resources for Dealing with a School Shooting

SCCAP/Resources for Dealing with a School Shooting

### Psychological First Aid

SCCAP/Resources for Dealing with a School Shooting/Psychological First Aid

### Resources for Where and How to Find a Therapist

Helping Give Away Psychological Science/Resources/Annotated List of Where and How to Find a Therapist

## General Infographics

* Supporting Your Child After Trauma
* When to Seek Professional Help
* One Month In...
* Techniques That Promote Relaxation
* Coping with a Mass Shooting
* Afrontar Un Tiroteo En Masa

## Location-Specific Infographics
### Boulder, Colorado

* Boulder Community Mental Health Resources (2021)
* Condado de Boulder Recursos de Salud Mental (2021)

### Knoxville, Tennessee

* Knoxville Area Community Mental Health Resources (2021)
* How You Can Help the Community in East Knoxville (2021)
# Helping Give Away Psychological Science/Evidence Based Assessment/997 Mingenda and tools

HGAPS is finding new ways to make psychological science conferences more accessible!
Here are examples from APA 2022 and the JCCAP Future Directions Forum. Coming soon... ABCT! ~ More at HGAPS.org ~

## Mingenda and tools

* To view/edit 997 mingenda click here. The mingenda is for any meetings the 997 team holds. This will be filled out with any notes from meetings.

## Summer '22 audit

* To view/edit 997 audit for Summer 2022 click here. This audit is for looking over all portfolios and seeing what needs to be added/changed.

## To-do list

* To view/edit 997 to-do list click here. This to-do list is for all things 997!
# Helping Give Away Psychological Science/Evidence Based Assessment

HGAPS is finding new ways to make psychological science conferences more accessible!
Here are examples from APA 2022 and the JCCAP Future Directions Forum. Coming soon... ABCT! ~ More at HGAPS.org ~
Spring 2018 Semester
/Assessment pages on Wikiversity
/Portfolios edited
Summer 2022
/997 Mingenda and tools
# Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Learned optimism/Instructor notes
## Timing

* Intro: 15 mins
* LOT: 15 mins
* Discussion: 20 mins
# Motivation and emotion/Tutorials/Needs/Brain
## Motivational & emotional states associated with brain structure: Sub-cortical

| Brain structure | Associated motivational or emotional experience |
| Amygdala | Detects, learns about, and responds to the stimulus properties of environmental objects, including both threat- and reward-eliciting associations. |
| Basal ganglia | A group of subcortical nuclei including the caudate nucleus, putamen, substantia nigra, and globus pallidus. Regulates premotor and motor cortical areas so that voluntary movement can be performed smoothly. Serves as a behavioural inhibitor or "off-switch". Influenced by signals from many parts of the brain, including the prefrontal cortex. |
| Hypothalamus | Responsive to natural rewards in the regulation of eating, drinking, and mating. Regulates the endocrine and autonomic nervous system. |
| Nucleus accumbens | Brain's reward centre. Responds to signals of reward via dopamine release from within the ventral striatum to produce feelings of pleasure and liking. |
| Reticular Formation | Phylogenetically old structure which regulates arousal, alertness, and sleep/wakefulness. |
| Ventral striatum | Part of the dopamine-based reward system. Manufactures and releases dopamine to the nucleus accumbens, having received the message to do so from the ventral tegmental area. |
| Ventral tegmental area | Starting point in brain's dopamine-based reward centre. Manufactures and releases dopamine. |
Note: Based on Reeve (2018), Table 3.1.

## Motivational & emotional states associated with brain structure: Cortical

| Brain structure | Associated motivational or emotional experience' |
| Anterior Cingulate Cortex | Monitors motivational conflicts. Resolves conflicts by recruiting other cortical brain structures for executive or cognitive control over basic urges and emotions. |
| Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex | Evaluates the learned emotional value of environmental events and possible courses of action. Responsible for control over urges and risks during the pursuit of long-term goals. |
| Insula cortex | Monitors bodily states to produce gut-felt feelings. Processes feelings associated with empathy, intrinsic motivation, risk, uncertainty, pain, and personal agency. |
| Orbitofrontal cortex | Stores and processes reward-related value of events and environmental objects and events to formulate preferences and make choices between options. |
| Prefrontal cortex | Making plans, setting goals, formulating intentions. Right hemispheric activity is associated with negative affect and "no go" avoidance. Left hemispheric activity is associated with positive affect and "go" approach motivation. |
| Ventromedial prefrontal cortex | Evaluates the unlearned emotional value of basic sensory rewards and internal bodily states. Responsible for emotional control. |
Note: Based on Reeve (2018) Table 3.1.
# Materials Science and Engineering/List of Topics/Engineered Glasses

Factors that Enhance Glass formation
* High viscosity of liquid
* Complex crystal structure
* High cooling rate
Difficult to find proper lattice sites
Particular form of glass: silica
In crystalline silicon, all the atoms are the same
* In silica, there is silicon and oxygen that form long chains and is polymeric
** The molecules entangle and must disentangle
** Drop temperature, bonds must twist
** Quick solidification - fail to achieve crystallinity
** Quench in disorder
* Silicon: all four bonds are fixed in space and fully specified
* Oxygen: bonds free to rotate and there is one degree of freedom
Perfect alignment - create crystalline structure
X-ray spectra
* Crystobalite - several peaks
* Amorphous silica - one peak
** The peak is due to short-range order
** There is no long-range order
Energetics of glass formation - when are more bonds formed?
Volume as function of temperature
* Liquid turns to solid and contracts
* Most substances pack more tightly in solid state
* Volume decreases as cool
* Jump to liquid state
Mercury in glass bulb - change in liquid unit volume is larger than solid
A glass is formed by cooling so quickly that act as liquid below melting point
* Glass transition temperature
* Viscosity is highly dependent on temperature
* Knee in curve is function of cooling rate
* When cool slowly, there is more time of the constituents of the system to rearrange position
** The excess volume is not as large in comparison to crystal
Solidification is determined by knee in curve of volume versus temperature
Difference between solidication to form crystal and form glass
* Crystal - abrupt change in V versus T
* Glass - no abrupt change in V versus T at glass transition temperature
Liquid to crystalline solid
Glass transition
* Supercooled liquid - cooled below melting point
* The substance is a glassy solid
* $T_{g}$ is function of the cooling rate
** More or less free volume determined by cooling rate
There are other systems in addition to silica
* Other glass forming oxides:
** $GeO_{2}$
** $B_{2}O_{3}$: Borate
** $P_{2}O_{5}$
** $As_{2}O_{5}$
** $Sb_{2}O_{5}$
* Volume of glass far in excess between glass and crystal
* Form covalent bonds of metal to metal via bridging oxygen
* Three dimensional covalent bonds
Properties of oxide glass
* Chemically inert
* Electrically insulating
** Strong bonds hold electrons
* Mechanically brittle
** Very directional, no possibility of glide
* Optically transparent
** Strong covalent bonds, energy levels far part
* Visually arresting
** Don't form sharp edges
** Color from dopant
* High melting temperature
Source:
MIT - Course 3.091 - Professor Sadoway - Fall 2004 - Lecture 21