# Euroscience response to EU Consultation on scientific information in the digital age
## About

The European Commission have set up a questionnaire (PDF version) regarding their future Open Access policy, and it has been suggested that the Euroscience Working Group on Science Publishing draft a response to it as an organization. Note that several organizations are drafting a response in public, of which some are listed under See also - the final submissions will be separate, but the message may be even stronger if the drafting of the submitted text has been coordinated. This page shall facilitate the drafting. The submission deadline for the questionnaire is September 9, 2011.

## Full text

Taken from http://ec.europa.eu/research/consultations/scientific_information/consultation_en.htm.
In late 2011, the European Commission intends to adopt a Communication and Recommendation on access to and preservation of digital scientific information. This initiative builds on earlier policy developments in this area, and is being developed within the policy contexts of the EU Flagship Initiatives Innovation Union and Digital Agenda for Europe, and of the push for improved knowledge circulation in the European Research Area.
The Communication will take stock of the developments in the area of scientific information, and set out the actions that the Commission intends to take on open access to publications and data in the context of research projects funded by the Union budget. The Recommendation will detail specific actions to be taken at Member State level.
Consultation of interested parties forms part of the policy process. The purpose of this open consultation is to gather information from as many sources as possible, including governments, research institutions and universities, libraries, scientific publishers, research funding organisations, businesses, individual researchers, and other interested parties on their views on scientific information in the digital age. The consultation will feed into the development of possible policy options to be considered, and will contribute to the ex-ante impact assessment that will be carried out.
The consultation is set up as follows:
* The respondent
* What role for Europe?
* Access to digital scientific information (including open access): scientific publications
* Access to digital scientific information (including open access): research data
* Preservation of digital scientific information
* Comments
It will take you approximately 15 minutes to complete the survey. The consultation will close on 9 September 2011.
Results will be published on the Commission's website, including a list of respondents (without e-mail addresses). Regarding personal data protection, please also refer to the European Commission's legal notice:http://ec.europa.eu/geninfo/legal_notices_en.htm.
The Commission thanks you in advance for your collaboration and valuable input.
Definitions:
In this questionnaire, "scientific information" refers to both 1) scientific (and scholarly, academic) publications published in peer-reviewed journals and 2) research data.
"Research data" or "data" may be numerical/quantitative, descriptive/qualitative or visual, raw or analysed, experimental or observational. Examples are digitised primary research data, photographs and images, films, etc.
"Open access" refers to access over the internet that is free of charge for the reader.
"Preservation" refers to policies, strategies and actions that ensure permanent access to digital content over time.

## Questionnaire
### 1. Respondent
#### I am replying as /on behalf of a(n) (if you represent more than one category, please choose the most relevant one):* (compulsory)

National government
Regional or local government
Research funding organisation
University/research institute
Library
Publisher
International organisation
Individual researcher
Citizen
Other

#### Please provide your country of residence / establishment:* (compulsory)
### 2. What role for Europe?

2.1 There are already many developments regarding access to and preservation of scientific information in Europe, at governmental, funding body and institutional level. For some years, the European Union has also been developing policies in these areas.

#### In your opinion, in what specific areas can and should the European Union best contribute to improving the circulation of knowledge, and specifically access to and preservation of scientific information (including both publications and data)?

Policy formulation at European level on access and preservation issues (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly
Co-ordinating existing initiatives in EU Member States (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly
Supporting the development of a European network of repositories (online archives) (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly
Encourage universities, libraries, funding bodies, etc., to implement specific actions (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly

#### 2.2 Comments

(optional) (maximum 400 characters)
For all publicly funded research, EU should promote open access (OA) policies, by universities, research institutions and research funders, that mandate (i.e. require) researchers to deposit the refereed final drafts of all refereed journal articles in their institutional repositories immediately upon acceptance for publication. Also promote (but do not require) immediate OA to research data.

### 3. Access to digital scientific information (including open access): scientific publications
#### 3.1 Do you agree with the following statement: "there is NO problem with access to scientific publications in Europe"? (optional)

agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly

#### 3.2 How would you rate the importance of the following potential barriers to access to scientific publications?

Insufficient national/regional strategies/policies on access to scientific publications (optional)
very important important no opinion not very important not important at all
High prices of articles/journal subscriptions (optional)
very important important no opinion not very important not important at all
Limited or reduced library budgets (optional)
very important important no opinion not very important not important at all
Different Value Added Tax (VAT) rates for online media and printed material (optional)
very important important no opinion not very important not important at all
Lack of awareness and interest within the research community on access and open access (optional)
very important important no opinion not very important not important at all
No incentive system in place encouraging and rewarding practices that enhance access (optional)
very important important no opinion not very important not important at all

#### 3.3 Comments (optional) (maximum 400 characters)

High journal prices and limited library budgets are aggravating factors, but even if journals were sold at cost (no profit), online access should be free for all, whether or not their institutions can afford to subscribe. In the online era there is no longer any reason research should not be accessible to any potential user in the world. This is optimal for research progress and public welfare.

#### 3.4 Do you think that publications resulting from publicly funded research should, as a matter of principle, be available free of charge to readers on the internet (i.e. open access mode)? (optional)

agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly

#### 3.5 Do you think that open access can increase access to and dissemination of scientific publications? (optional)

agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly

#### 3.6 Do you think that open access to scientific publications can co-exist with the traditional scientific publication system? (optional)

agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly

#### 3.7 Green or Gold?

Open access to scientific publications can be achieved in different ways, in particular through researchers self-archiving in repositories ("green open access") and through publication in open access journals for a fee ("gold open access").
* Which of the following different modes should public research policy facilitate in order to increase the number and share of scientific publications available in open access? Please rate the following options from 1 to 4 (1 = first choice; 4 = last choice):
Open access publishing (author-pays model/"gold open access") (optional)
3
Self-archiving ("green open access") (optional)
1
A combination of self-archiving and open access publishing (optional)
2
Funded conversion of traditional subscription-based journals to open access journals (optional)
4

#### 3.8 Comments

(optional) (maximum 400 characters)
Research funding is scarce. Mandating Green OA will already generate 100% OA. No need to divert any research funds to pay for Gold OA publishing. While institutional subscriptions remain sustainable, they are paying for publishing. If/when Green OA causes cancellations, making subscriptions unsustainable, that will itself release the institutional subscription funds to pay for Gold OA.

#### 3.9 In the case of self-archiving ("green open access"), what embargo period (period of time during which publication is not yet open access) is desirable?

18 months (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly
12 months (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly
9 months (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly
6 months (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly

#### 3.10 Other embargo period/comments

(optional) (maximum 400 characters) There is no need for any OA embargo period at all. But if the only way that a Green OA mandate can be agreed is if embargoes are allowed, then (1) they should not exceed 6 months, (2) deposit should be required at the time of acceptance anyway, (3) embargoed deposits can be made Closed Access, and (4) the repositories' "email eprint request" button can allow authors to fulfill researcher needs.

### 4. Access to digital scientific information (including open access): research data
#### 4.1 Do you agree with the following statement: "generally speaking, there is NO access problem to research data in Europe"? (optional)

agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly

#### 4.2 How would you rate the importance of the following potential barriers to enhancing access to research data?

Insufficient national/regional strategies/policies on access to research data (optional)
very important important no opinion not very important not important at all
Lack of funding to develop and maintain the necessary data infrastructures (optional)
very important important no opinion not very important not important at all
Insufficient credit given to researchers making research data available/lack of incentives (optional)
very important important no opinion not very important not important at all
Lack of mandates to deposit research data (optional)
very important important no opinion not very important not important at all
Lack of data management requirements in research projects (optional)
very important important no opinion not very important not important at all
Confidentiality/privacy issues (optional)
very important important no opinion not very important not important at all

#### 4.3 Comments

(optional) (maximum 400 characters) Open access to data is important too, but more complicated and less urgent than open access to refereed research articles, because researchers need to have enough time to mine the data they have gathered, and this will vary from project to project and field to field, whereas every refereed research report should be OA immediately upon acceptance for publication.

#### 4.4 Do you think that research data that is publicly available and that results from PUBLIC funding should, as a matter of principle, be available for re-use and free of charge on the internet? (optional)

agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly

#### 4.5 Comments

(optional) (maximum 400 characters) The issues of access and reuse overlap only partially but publicly funded data should be publicly accessible (OA) and re-usable by anyone. Explicit dedication of data underlying published science into the public domain via PDDL or CCZero is strongly recommended, as per the Panton Principles for sharing scientific data.

#### 4.6 Do you think that research data that is publicly available and that results from PARTLY PUBLIC AND PARTLY PRIVATE funding should, as a matter of principle, be available for re-use and free of charge on the internet? (optional)

agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly

#### 4.7 Comments

(optional) (maximum 400 characters) For simplicity and enforceability, it is better not to distinguish between different degrees of public funding and to follow instead the example of most funding agencies, i.e. to apply their open access and open data policies to research they fund "in whole or in part".

### 5. Preservation of digital scientific information
#### 5.1 Do you agree with the following statement: "Generally speaking, the issue of preservation of scientific information is at present sufficiently addressed"? (optional)

agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly

#### 5.2 Do you agree with the following statements regarding potential barriers to enhancing preservation of scientific information in the digital age?

It is not always clear which scientific information should be preserved (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly
It is not always clear who is responsible for preserving scientific information (research organisations, libraries, governments?) (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly
There is no harmonised approach to legal deposit (legal requirement that copies of publications be submitted to a repository, usually a library) (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly
Funding for preservation is inadequate (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly
The quality and interoperability of repositories need to be further developed (optional)
agree strongly agree no opinion disagree disagree strongly

#### 5.3 Comments

(optional) (maximum 400 characters) Please don't conflate access issues & preservation issues. For refereed research, mandated Green OA institutional repositories solve the access problem, but contain only the author's refereed final draft. What needs preservation is the published version of record. This is a different issue from institutional repositories & mandates, and should not be conflated with it (or data preservation).

### 6. Comments
#### 6.1 Please provide any further comments or inputs in the space below. (optional) (maximum 600 characters)

The questionnaire was a bit slanted (for example, forcing a rank-ordering of choice on embargo length, as well as the various options for funding Gold OA). Be careful not to mix up the independent issues of (1) mandating OA to refereed research, (2) mandating OA to research data, (3) funding Gold OA, (4) preservation of refereed research publications and (5) preservation of research data. These are five almost-independent issues, and the most urgent one, as well as the most readily (and economically) solvable one is (1): mandating OA to refereed research.