OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Aikido/Terminology
## Concepts

* Ma-ai - proper distance
* Zanshin - focus or conentration
* Mushin - awareness (empty mind)
* Centering -
* Extension - pushing out ki energy
* Blending - synchronizing motion or energy
* Unbendable - using ki to make an arm or leg unbendable
* uke - receiver of the technique to work on
* tori or shite - applier the technique to work on

## Attacks

* Shomenuchi - Strike to front of the head
* Yokomenuchi - Strike to side of the head
* Katatetori - one hand grabs one hand
* Katatori - label grab
* Hijitori - elbow grab
* Morotetori (Ryotemochi) - two hands grab one hand
* Ryotetori - two hands grab two hands
* Maigeri - front kick
* Munetsuki Kao Tsuki - punch to the head or face
* Ushiro Ryokatatori - both shoulders grabbed from behind
* Ushiro Tekubitori - both wrists grabbed from behind
* Ushiro Kubishime - choke from behind with free hand grabbing wrist

## Defenses

* Ikkyo - first defense
* Nikkyo - second defense
* Sankyo - third defense
* Yonkyo - forth defense
* Gokyo - fifth defense
* Rokyo - sixth defense
* Kotegaeshi - wrist twisting defense
* Shihonage - four direction throw
* Jujinage - figure ten entaglement
* Kokyunage - breath throw
* Koshinage - hip throw

## Movement

* Irimi - entering movement
* Tenkan - turning movement
* Tenshin - backwards movement
* Ura - rear turning movement
* Omote - front entering movement
* Uchi-kaiten - inside move
* Soto-kaiten - outside move

## Technique Categories

* Tai-waza - body techniques
* Ushiro-waza - attacks from behind
* Suwari-waza - attacks while kneeling
* Hanmi-handachi - attacker standing, defender kneeling
* Atemi-waza - pre-emptive strikes
* Henka-waza - changing techniques
* Kaeshi-waza - counter techniques
* Kihon-waza - basic techniques
* Oyo-waza - applied techniques
* Jo-nage - defenses against the Jo
* Jo-tori - defenses using the Jo
* Tachi-tori - sword attack defenses
* Tanto-tori - knife attack defenses
# Air

This is a learning resource about Air refering to the atmosphere of earth. First of all we think about oxygen as the most important gas, due to the fact that we need oxygen for breathing. But the atmosphere of earth is contains many others gases, dust and sometimes toxic substances. Furthermore the fraction of greenhouse gas in our atmosphere has an impact on the climate. The learning resources introduces to the topic air in multiple aspect.

## Definition: Atmosphere of Earth

The atmosphere of Earth is the layer of gases, commonly known as air, that surrounds the planet Earth and is retained by Earth's gravity. The atmosphere of Earth protects life on Earth by creating pressure allowing for liquid water to exist on the Earth's surface, absorbing ultraviolet solar radiation, warming the surface through heat retention (greenhouse effect), and reducing temperature extremes between day and night (the diurnal temperature variation).

## Subtopics

* Model Experiment Greenhouse Gas
* Respiratory Diseases

## Atmosphere as Mix of Gases

By volume, dry air contains 78.09% nitrogen, 20.95% oxygen, 0.93% argon, 0.04% carbon dioxide, and small amounts of other gases. Air also contains a variable amount of water vapor, on average around 1% at sea level, and 0.4% over the entire atmosphere. Air content and atmospheric pressure vary at different layers, and air suitable for use in photosynthesis by terrestrial plants and breathing of terrestrial animals is found only in Earth's troposphere and in artificial atmospheres.
The atmosphere has a mass of about 5.15×10$^{18}$ kg, three quarters of which is within about 11 km (6.8 mi; 36,000 ft) of the surface. The atmosphere becomes thinner and thinner with increasing altitude, with no definite boundary between the atmosphere and outer space. The Kármán line, at 100 km (62 mi), or 1.57% of Earth's radius, is often used as the border between the atmosphere and outer space. Atmospheric effects become noticeable during atmospheric reentry of spacecraft at an altitude of around 120 km (75 mi). Several layers can be distinguished in the atmosphere, based on characteristics such as temperature and composition.
The study of Earth's atmosphere and its processes is called atmospheric science (aerology). Early pioneers in the field include Léon Teisserenc de Bort and Richard Assmann.

## Seiten-Information

Diese Seite wurde auf Basis der folgenden Wikiversity-Quelle erstellt:
* At https://de.wikiversity.org/wiki/At
* Datum: 6.11.2018
* Wikipedia2Wikiversity-Konverter: https://niebert.github.com/Wikipedia2Wikiversity
# Aikido/Teaching Difficult Topics

* Mixed Level Classes
* Teaching Randori
* Teaching Koshinage
* Breakfalls
* Teaching Children
# DevOps/Kubernetes/Certified Kubernetes Administrator/Create and configure basic Pods
## Create a Pod

* To create a pod based on a yaml definition file: kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/storage/redis.yaml
* To create a pod in a namespace:
    kubectl create namespace MY_TEST_NAMESPACE
    kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/storage/redis.yaml --namespace=MY_TEST_NAMESPACE
    To verify container is running:
       kubectl get pod NAME_POD --namespace=MY_TEST_NAMESPACE
DevOps/Kubernetes/Certified Kubernetes Administrator/Create and configure basic Pods|Create and configure basic Pods]]

## Set up a Volume for a Pod

The file system of a Container exists as long as the Container exists. Therefore, when a Container is destroyed or restarted, changes made to the file system are lost. For more consistent storage that is independent of the Container life cycle, you can use a Volume, review different Volume types in https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/volumes/#types-of-volumes.
This feature is especially important for applications that must maintain a status, such as key-value storage engines (for example Redis) and databases.
Create a Pod that runs a single Container. This Pod has a Volume of type emptyDir (empty directory) (see Volume for volume types) that exists throughout the Pod's life cycle, even when the Container is destroyed and restarted. Here is the Pod configuration file:
pods/storage/redis.yaml
1.Create the Pod kubectl apply -f https://k8s.io/examples/pods/storage/redis.yaml
2. Verify the Pod Container is running kubectl get pod redis --watch
output:
3.In another terminal, open an interactive session inside the Container that is running: kubectl exec -it redis -- /bin/bash
4.In the terminal, go to /data/redis and create a file:
5.In the terminal, list the running processes:
output:
6.In the terminal, kill the Redis process:
root@redis:/data/redis# kill <pid>
where <pid>is the process ID (PID) of Redis.
7.In the original terminal, observe the changes in the Redis Pod. You will eventually see something like the following:
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE redis 1/1 Running 0 13s redis 0/1 Completed 0 6m redis 1/1 Running 1 6m
At this point, the Container has been destroyed and restarted. This is because the Redis Pod has a restartPolicy (restart policy) of Always(always).
1.Open a terminal in the restarted Container:
kubectl exec -it redis -- /bin/bash
2.In the terminal, go to /data/redisand verify that it test-filestill exists:
root@redis:/data/redis# cd /data/redis/ root@redis:/data/redis# ls test-file
3.Remove the Pod you created for this exercise:
kubectl delete pod redis
* ↑ https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-memory-resource/
* ↑ https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/configure-pod-container/assign-memory-resource/
# DevOps/Kubernetes/Volumes

Kubernetes Volumes allows to store data independent of Container restarts. Volumes in Kubernetes are different that Docker Volumes.
Kubernetes supports different type of volumes:
* Cloud providers: awsElasticBlockStore, azureDisk, azureFile
* Storage technologies: fc (fibre channel), iscsi
* Networked filesystems: cephfs, nfs, glusterfs
* Others:
** cinder, configMap, csi, downwardAPI
** emptyDir: the data in the emptyDir is deleted forever when Pod is removed from a node.
** flexVolume, can be expanded
** flocker, gcePersistentDisk, hostPath, local, persistentVolumeClaim, projected, portworxVolume, quobyte, rbd, scaleIO, secret, storageos, vsphereVolume
* Deprecated: gitRepo
# DevOps/Kubernetes/Certified Kubernetes Administrator/Understand PersistentVolumeClaims for storage

Persistent Volumes subsystem provides an API for users and administrators that abstracts details of how storage is provided from how it is consumed.

## Activities

* Read https://kubernetes.io/docs/concepts/storage/persistent-volumes/
# DevOps/Kubernetes/Google Kubernetes Engine

Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) is a Google Cloud managed service, available since 2015 for deploying containerized applications such as Docker containers.

## Activities

* Read StackOverflow Google Kubernetes Engine questions: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/google-kubernetes-engine?tab=Votes
# DevOps/Kubernetes/kubeadm

Kubeadm is a tool released in Kubernetes 1.13 in December 2018 for creating Kubernetes clusters.
* kubeadm init to bootstrap a Kubernetes control-plane node
** kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
* kubeadm join to bootstrap a Kubernetes worker node and join it to the cluster
** kubeadm join --control-plane
* kubeadm upgrade to upgrade a Kubernetes cluster to a newer version
* kubeadm config if you initialized your cluster using kubeadm v1.7.x or lower, to configure your cluster for kubeadm upgrade
* kubeadm token to manage tokens for kubeadm join
* kubeadm reset to revert any changes made to this host by kubeadm init or kubeadm join
* kubeadm version to print the kubeadm version
* kubeadm alpha to preview a set of features made available for gathering feedback from the community
# DevOps/Kubernetes/Pods

Kubernetes Pods allows to deploy one or multiple containers as a single atomic unit.

## Activities

* Create and configure a basic Pod: kubectl apply
* Create a pod network: kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16
# DevOps/Kubernetes/EKS

AWS Elastic Kubernetes Service (EKS) is a managed Kubernetes solution for running containers available in AWS cloud platform since June 2018. EKS can be managed using Jenkins X software. Other AWS services for running containers are ECS or Fargate.
By default EKS provides 3 master nodes and 3 etcd nodes, but are invisible to you and Amazon is responsible of AutoScaling them when needed.

## Creation your first EKS Cluster

    0) Prerequisites: kubectl and aws-iam-authenticator (a tool to authenticate to Kubernetes using AWS IAM credentials)
       On MacOs: brew install aws-iam-authenticator and brew install kubernetes-cli
    1) Create a new service role
    2) Create a new VPC for you new EKS Cluster using this CloudFormation template from AWS: https://docs.aws.amazon.com/eks/latest/userguide/getting-started.html
    3) Create EKS Cluster from AWS Webconsole, user used for creating EKS Cluster will be the initial administrator.
    4) Create Worker Nodes using AWS Cloudformation template https://github.com/awslabs/amazon-eks-ami/blob/master/amazon-eks-nodegroup.yaml
    5) Install Kubernetes dashboard

## Costs

EKS is more expensive than ECS for small clusters.
# DevOps/Kubernetes/Helm

Helm is a package manager for Kubernetes
# DevOps/Kubernetes/Kubernetes changelog

Reading software changelogs is one of the best way to learn about new features of a software and achieve a deep understanding of a proyect. w:Kubernetes changelog is available in: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG.md

## Changelog

Released approximately every 3 months:
* Release 1.16: https://kubernetes.io/docs/setup/release/notes/#v1-16-0 https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.16.md
* Release 1.15: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.15.md#kubernetes-v115-release-notes, https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.15.md
* Release 1.14 (25/03/2019)
* Release 1.13 (03/12/2018): CSI GA, kubeadm GA, CoreDNS default DNS Server (was first introduced in version 1.09)
* Release 1.12 (27/Sep/2018): https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.12.md
* Release 1.11 (27/Jun/2018): https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.11.md, (Announcement)
* Release 1.10: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.10.md, (Announcement)
* Release 1.9: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.9.md
* Release 1.2: https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/CHANGELOG-1.2.md#v120
* Release 1.1:
** Feature: any container in a pod can enable privileged mode
# BCP/Centaurea montana/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Centaurea montana (Perennial Cornflower). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 09:09, 13 May 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:47, 17 May 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:07, 27 May 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 08:40, 2 June 2008 (UTC)
* Ngravagna 17:02, 20 May 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 12:50, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
* Ngravagna 17:03, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:01, 8 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 12:32, 10 June 2008 (UTC)
* Ngravagna 20:01, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:15, 2 July 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 12:20, 9 August 2008 (UTC)
* SBJ 09:16, 5 September 2008 (UTC)

##### Recent Logs

* Ngravagna 19:07, 9 May 2009 (UTC)
# BCP/Centaurea solstitialis

Centaurea solstitialis
| Head Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Centaurea solstitialis (Yellow Star Thistle) Identifying Characteristics BCP/Centaurea solstitialis/Logs (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southwest Oregon: August
Additional images:
# BCP/Centranthus ruber

Centranthus ruber
| Inflorescence Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Centranthus ruber (Red Valerian) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs SortaQuiet 23:02, 17 June 2007 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data:
Additional images:
# BCP/Cephalanthus occidentalis/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Cephalanthus occidentalis (Buttonbush). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* Jomegat 03:05, 22 July 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Centaurea cyanus

Centaurea cyanus
| Heads Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Centaurea cyanus (Bachelor's Button) Identifying Characteristics Flowers:Blue headsFoliage:strap shapedLife Cycle: annual 2007 Logs Hazel 16:40, 3 August 2007 (UTC) --Luai lashire 14:10, 9 September 2007 (UTC) 2008 Logs Ngravagna 16:46, 22 May 2008 (UTC) Ngravagna 17:04, 7 June 2008 (UTC) Ngravagna 20:03, 15 June 2008 (UTC) Ngravagna 17:19, 21 June 2008 (UTC) 2010 Logs (If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent). Recent Logs Anna reg 10:50, 9 May 2011 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southwest Oregon: August Central Pennsylvania: September Aurora, Colorado area: May, June
Additional images:
# BCP/Centaurea cyanus/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Centaurea cyanus (Bachelor's Button). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### 2007 Logs

* Hazel 16:40, 3 August 2007 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 14:10, 9 September 2007 (UTC)

### 2008 Logs

* Ngravagna 16:46, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
* Ngravagna 17:04, 7 June 2008 (UTC)
* Ngravagna 20:03, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
* Ngravagna 17:19, 21 June 2008 (UTC)

### 2010 Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).

##### Recent Logs

* Anna reg 10:50, 9 May 2011 (UTC)
# BCP/Centaurea montana

Centaurea montana
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Centaurea montana (Perennial Cornflower) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs Ngravagna 19:07, 9 May 2009 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring, Early Summer, Mid Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) May, June, July, August, September New Hampshire: June Aurora, Colorado area: May, June
Additional images:
# BCP/Centranthus ruber/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Centranthus ruber (Red Valerian). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* SortaQuiet 23:02, 17 June 2007 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Celosia argentea/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Celosia argentea (Cock's Comb). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* SBJ 20:41, 17 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 09:17, 23 September 2008 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Cephalanthus occidentalis

Cephalanthus occidentalis
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Cephalanthus occidentalis (Buttonbush) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Small tree or shrubFlowers:The flowers are produced in a dense globular inflorescence 2.5-3.5 cm diameter on a 2.5–5 cm peduncle. Each flower has a fused white to pale yellow four-lobed corolla forming a long slender tube connecting to the calyx. The stigma is long, protruding from the corolla by about 4 mm.Foliage:The leaves are opposite or in whorls of three, elliptic to ovate, 7-20 cm long and 3-7 cm broad, with an entire margin and a short petiole.Stem:Growing to 2-10 m (rarely 15 m) tall.Growing Conditions:Aquatic shrub with the stems oftne emerging from the edge of a body of fresh water. Recent Logs Jomegat 03:05, 22 July 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Summer
Regional data: New Hampshire: (native) July
Additional images:
# Arabic/Alphabets
## Goal

By the end of this unit, the student should be able to read, comprehend, and be able to transliterate any/all letters of the known Arabic alphabet in all forms of each letter, whether they are isolated or within larger groups of letters i.e. words and phrases.

## Following along in the textbook

Part 1: Reading and Writing
* Basics of Reading and Writing
For many who are taking this course, the thought of learning a new alphabet other than the roman alphabet (the one that we are using now) is very intimidating. Not only that, but writing from right to left does not sound too exciting either. Don't worry, because it's not quite so scary. While some say to be wary of using a system called transliteration ,writing letters from other alphabets into another i.e. Arabic-English, there are just as many to say that it can be a valid way to learn the Arabic language such as myself.
* A note for those following in the book, we are going to be following transliteration using another system, called Qalam. We are going to do this for the purpose of simplicity and ease of learning.

## Letters

Starting off, we are going to look at the base of the Arabic language; its main letters. We are going to look first off at the isolated forms of each letter. In Arabic, each letter has 4 forms; primary, secondary, final, and isolated. So, like I said, here we go with the isolated forms to make things easy.
This chart is already in your text book at the link above, I am simply putting it into table form for use with the absence of the book.
| Letter Name | Letter | Transliteration |
| Alif | ا | a |
| Baa' | ب | b |
| Taa' | ت | t |
| Thaa' | ث | th |
| Jeem | ج | j |
| Haa' | ح | h |
| Khaa' | خ | kh |
| Daal' | د | d |
| Dhaal | ذ | dh |
| Raa' | ر | r |
| Zaa' | ز | z |
| Seen | س | s |
| Sheen | ش | sh |
| Saad | ص | S |
| Daad | ض | D |
| Taa' | ط | T |
| Dha | ظ | Z |
| Ayn | ع | ' |
| Ghain | غ | gh |
| Faa | ف | f |
| Qaaf | ق | q |
| Kaaf' | ك | k |
| Laam' | ل | l |
| Meem' | م | m |
| Noon | ن | n |
| Ha' | ه | h |
| Waaw | و | w,u |
| Yaa | ي | y,ee |
# Arabic/Roster
## Class Roster

* Please sign your name on the list
* The number beside your name will be your assigned student number
* To complete registration email me, the instructor, with the following form to
While I am still working on the course and reworking some aspects, I will email students with updates and also I would be glad to assist the students or anyone interested with help on the course, Arabic in general, or just any questions/comments in general. Email me at the email provided above and I will return correspondence promptly.
Register: (Use Four Tildes)
* Elatanatari
* Mondomunchies 21:49, 2 January 2007 (UTC)
* Roytales 05:12, 4 January 2007 (UTC)#
* CSM11:36, 19 January 2007
* 64.193.75.224 16:32, 21 January 2007 (UTC)JMcCharen
* Joshuacharles 13:16, 22 January 2007
* aom 25 February 2007
* tsekachun 21 October 2007 (UTC+3)