OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/October/Blue Flowers

The plants pictured below have been recorded as blooming during the month of October in Southeastern Pennsylvania.
Agastache foeniculum
| Inflorescences Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Agastache foeniculum (Wild Hyssop) Identifying Characteristics Flowers:Small tubular flowers on an upright spikeFoliage:simple, oppositeStem:Square in cross sectionLife Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 08:45, 14 July 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 13:00, 28 July 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 10:28, 17 August 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 08:47, 24 September 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Cichorium intybus
| Heads Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Cichorium intybus (Chicory) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Erect perennial, foliage primarily basal but with some cauline leavesFlowers:Radiate heads, both disk and ray florets typically blue but sometimes whiteLife Cycle: perennialSimilar Plants:Basal foliage in spring is often mistaken for Taraxacum officinale Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 09:47, 14 July 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 13:40, 17 August 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 09:44, 23 September 2008 (UTC) --Bridget barcode 13:23, 21 July 2009 *~~~~ (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall, Late Fall
Lobelia siphilitica
| Inflorescences Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Lobelia siphilitica (Blue Lobelia) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --Jomegat 19 July, 2008 (from photo) --Jomegat 26 July, 2008 (from photo) Jomegat 20:32, 9 August 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 22:36, 9 August 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall, Late Fall
Commelina communis
| Flower and foliage Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Commelina communis (Asiatic Dayflower) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Sprawling herbaceous plantFoliage:Simple, with linear veinsLife Cycle: annual Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 08:22, 1 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 12:23, 24 October 2007 (UTC) SB Johnny-LM 13:01, 1 November 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:50, 14 July 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
(updated 12:23, 11 October 2007 (UTC) with 4 plants)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/October
## October

* White flowers (38)
** Herbaceous plants with white flowers (33)
*** Herbaceous plants with white flowers and simple leaves (29)
**** Herbaceous plants with white flowers and simple, alternate leaves (17)
**** Herbaceous plants with white flowers and simple, opposite leaves (12)
*** Herbaceous plants with white flowers and compound leaves (4)
** Trees, shrubs, and vines with white flowers (5)
* Pink flowers (17)
* Red flowers (8)
* Orange flowers (8)
* Yellow flowers (20)
* Green flowers (3)
* Blue flowers (4)
* Purple flowers (19)
* Brown flowers (2)
* Black flowers (0)
# Computer Support/Networking/Protocols

This lesson covers networking protocols.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the networking protocols portion of A+ certification include:
    Explain common TCP and UDP ports, protocols, and their purpose.
   * Ports
   ** 21 – FTP
   ** 22 – SSH
   ** 23 – TELNET
   ** 25 – SMTP
   ** 53 – DNS
   ** 80 – HTTP
   ** 110 – POP3
   ** 143 – IMAP
   ** 443 – HTTPS
   ** 3389 – RDP
   ** 137-139 NetBIOS/NetBT
   ** 445 – SMB/CIFS
   ** 427 – SLP
   ** 548 – AFP
   * Protocols
   ** DHCP
   ** DNS
   ** LDAP
   ** SNMP
   ** SMB
   ** CIFS
   ** SSH
   ** AFP
   * TCP vs. UDP

## Readings

* Wikipedia: File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
* Wikipedia: Secure Shell (SSH)
* Wikipedia: Telnet
* Wikipedia: Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
* Wikipedia: Domain Name System (DNS)
* Wikipedia: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
* Wikipedia: Post Office Protocol (POP3)
* Wikipedia: Internet Message Access Protocol (IMAP)
* Wikipedia: HTTPS
* Wikipedia: Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP)
* Wikipedia: NetBIOS over TCP/IP (NetBT)
* Wikipedia: Server Message Block (SMB)
* Wikipedia: Service Location Protocol (SLP)
* Wikipedia: Apple Filing Protocol (AFP)
* Wikipedia: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
* Wikipedia: Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP)
* Wikipedia: Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP)
* Wikipedia: Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
* Wikipedia: User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Common TCP and UDP Ports - CompTIA A+ 220-901: 2.4
* Packetlife.net: Common TCP and UDP Ports cheatsheet
# Computer Support/Networking/Routers

This lesson covers networking routers.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the networking routers portion of A+ certification include:
    Given a scenario, install and configure SOHO wireless/wired router and apply appropriate settings.
   * Channels
   * Port forwarding, port triggering
   * DHCP (on/off)
   * DMZ
   * NAT / DNAT
   * Basic QoS
   * Firmware
   * UPnP

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Router (computing)
* Wikipedia: Wireless router
* Wikipedia: List of WLAN channels
* Wikipedia: Port forwarding
* Wikipedia: Port triggering
* Wikipedia: Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol
* Wikipedia: DMZ (computing)
* Wikipedia: Network Address Translation
* Wikipedia: Quality of Service
* Wikipedia: Firmware
* Wikipedia: Universal Plug and Play

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Configuring a SOHO Wireless Router - CompTIA A+ 220-901 - 2.6
# Computer Support/Networking/Tools

This lesson covers networking tools.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the networking tools portion of A+ certification include:
    Given a scenario, use appropriate networking tools.
   * Crimper
   * Cable stripper
   * Multimeter
   * Tone generator & probe
   * Cable tester
   * Loopback plug
   * Punchdown tool
   * WiFi analyzer

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Crimp connection
* Wikipedia: Multimeter
* Wikipedia: Signal generator
* Wikipedia: Cable tester
* Wikipedia: Crossover cable
* Wikipedia: Punch down tool
* Wikipedia: Packet analyzer

## Multimedia

* YouTube: Networking Tools - CompTIA A+ 220-901 - 2.9
* Cisco Learning Network: Ethernet Cables: Crossover Cables and Straight Through Cables - Cisco Answers IT

## Activities

* YouTube: How To Make RJ45 Network Patch Cables - Cat 5E and Cat 6.
* YouTube: Using a multimeter to check an ac wall outlet.
* YouTube: Manually Test a (PSU) Power Supply With a Multimeter by Britec.
* YouTube: Tone and Probe Basics.
* YouTube: How to Test Your CAT5 Ethernet Cable.
* How to Create a RJ45 Ethernet Loopback Cable/Connector.
* YouTube: How To use a 110 & Krone Telecom Punchdown Tool & the difference between Krone and 110 connections.
* Cisco Learning Network: Crossover Cables and Straight Through Cables Test Yourself.
# Computer Support/Networking/Wireless

This lesson covers wireless networking.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the wireless networking portion of A+ certification include:
    Compare and contrast various WiFi networking standards and encryption types.
   * Standards
   ** 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac
   ** Speeds, distances and frequencies
   * Encryption types
   ** WEP, WPA, WPA2, TKIP, AES

## Readings

* Wikipedia: IEEE 802.11
* Wikipedia: Wired Equivalent Privacy
* Wikipedia: Wi-Fi Protected Access
* Wikipedia: Temporal Key Integrity Protocol
* Wikipedia: Advanced Encryption Standard

## Multimedia

* YouTube: AWireless Standards - CompTIA A+ 220-901 - 2.5
* YouTube: Wireless Encryption - CompTIA A+ 220-901 - 2.5
# Comparative law and justice/Lebanon

Part of the Comparative law and justice Wikiversity Project
Thabchi 0178 19:22, 11 February 2010 (UTC)

### Basic Information about Lebanon

Population: 4,224,000
Age Structure: 0-14 years: 26.7% (male 520,270; female 499,609) 15-64 years: 66.4% (male 1,216,738; female 1,324,031) 65 years and over: 6.9% (male 120,176; female 145,194)
Area: 4,035 sq. mi.
Lebanon is located in Western Asia, and Syria borders the country from the North while Irael borders it from the South. It falls on the eastern shore of the Medditeranian sea. Mount Lebanon or the Western Mountain Range of Lebanon runs 99 miles across the Medditeranian coast and is considered the most important geographical feature in Lebanon. It is the home of the famous "Cedars of Lebanon". Lebanon has several languages such as French, English, Armenian, but the official language is Arabic. 59% of the population in Lebanon are Muslims. Within the Muslim reliogion there are 5 different sects Shia, Sunni, Druze, Isma'ilite, Alawite or Nusayri. 39% of the Lebanese population practice Christianity. Similiar to the Muslim there are 12 recognized sects, (Maronite Catholic, Greek Orthodox, Melkite Catholic, Armenian Orthodox, Syrian Catholic, Armenian Catholic, Syrian Orthodox, Roman Catholic, Chaldean, Assyrian, Copt, Protestant. 1.3% of the people are in the other catergory.
Key ethnic groups and the percentage of the population that is of each one, including how these ethnic groups ended up in the country.The key ethinc group in Lebanon is Arab with an astonishing 95%. Arabs make up a huge majority of the country. 4% of the population are Armenian, with 1% describing themselves as other. "many Christian Lebanese do not identify themselves as Arab but rather as descendents of the ancient Canaanites and prefer to be called Phoenicians"
# Achievement motivation

This psychology resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
# Achilles and the tortoise/Series/Exercise

The situation in the turtle paradox of Zenon of Elea is the following: a slow turtle (with speed $v>0$) has a starting point $s>0$ compared with the faster Achilles (with speed $w>v$ and starting point $0$). They start at the same time. Achilles can not catch the tortoise: when he arrives at the starting point of the tortoise $s_{0}=s$, the turtle is not there any more, but a little further, let's say at the point $s_{1}=s_{0}$. When Achilles arrives at the point $s_{1}$, the turtle is once again a bit further at the point $s_{2}>s_{1}$, and so on. Calculate the elements of the sequence $s_{n}$, the associated time points $t_{n}$, and the respective limits. Compare these limits with the distance point where Achilles catches the turtle (you can calculate it directly from the given data).
# Accounting

Accounting is the science (perhaps art) of measuring and communicating financial information about companies in business. Accounting is the language of finance. There are several branches of Accounting:
* Financial Accounting - This is the study of measuring financial information and reporting it accurately.
* Managerial Accounting - This is the study of using financial information to make decisions
* Auditing - Auditing is the process of checking statements for accuracy and integrity.
* Tax Accounting - is the study of using accounting to form a tax strategy.
* Quickbooks Online - a cloud-based accounting software
* Excel for Accounting - This is the study of using spreadsheets for Accounting purposes

## See Also

* Category:Accounting
* Portal:Accounting
* Wikipedia:Accounting
# Acid rain
## Acid Rain: Causes, Effects, and Solutions

What is Acid Rain?
- Definition: Acid rain refers to rain with a pH lower than normal due to atmospheric pollutants.
- Brief Overview: It is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) which react with water vapor to form sulfuric and nitric acids.

## Causes of Acid Rain

- Anthropogenic Sources:
- Industrial Emissions: Factories and power plants burning fossil fuels release large amounts of SO₂ and NOₓ.
- Vehicle Exhaust: Cars, trucks, and buses emit NOₓ, contributing significantly to acid rain.
-Natural Sources:
- Volcanic Eruptions: Volcanic activity releases sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere.
- Lightning: Naturally produces nitrogen oxides during thunderstorms.

## Chemical Processes Involved

- Formation of Sulfuric Acid (H₂SO₄)
- Chemical Reaction: SO₂ + H₂O + O₂ → H₂SO₄
- Formation of Nitric Acid (HNO₃)
- Chemical Reaction: NOₓ + H₂O + O₂ → HNO₃
- pH Levels: Explanation of how these acids lower the pH of rainwater.

## Effects of Acid Rain

- Environmental Impact:
- Soil Degradation: Acid rain leaches essential nutrients from the soil.
- Water Bodies: Lakes and streams become acidic, harming aquatic life.
- Forest Damage: Acid rain weakens trees by leaching nutrients and damaging leaves.
- Impact on Human Health:
- Indirect Effects: Respiratory issues caused by fine particulates linked to acid rain.
- Damage to Buildings and Monuments:
- Corrosion: Acid rain corrodes materials like limestone and marble, damaging infrastructure and cultural heritage.

## Mitigation Strategies

- Regulations and Policies:
- Clean Air Act: A key piece of legislation in the United States aimed at reducing SO₂ and NOₓ emissions.
- International Agreements: Overview of global efforts to combat acid rain.
- Technological Solutions:
- Flue-Gas Desulfurization (Scrubbers): Technology to remove sulfur dioxide from power plant emissions.
- Catalytic Converters: Reduces nitrogen oxides emissions from vehicles.
- Environmental Restoration:
- Liming: The process of adding lime to acidic soils and water bodies to neutralize acidity.

## Global and Local Perspectives

Regional Impact: Examination of acid rain's impact in different parts of the world, including Europe, North America, and Asia.
Case Studies: Examples of regions heavily affected by acid rain and the measures taken to address the issue.
# Acids and bases

In chemistry, a compound could be an acid or a base. Acids and bases are very important in chemistry. They describe a large class of substances. Understanding their properties allows us to rationalize patterns that occur in chemistry.

## Contrasting properties of acids and Alkalis

Here is a list which contrasts their properties:
* Acids turn blue litmus paper red. Bases turn red litmus paper blue.
* Acids give off H+ (Hydrogen) ions in water; bases give off OH- (Hydroxide) ions in water.
* Acids generally taste sour due to the sour H+ ion; bases taste bitter due to the OH- ion; but they may have other tastes depending on the other part of the molecule.
* Bases are usually soapy in nature.
* Acids corrode active metals ; Bases denature protein.
* Acids have a pH less than 7 ; Bases have a pH greater than 7

## Similar properties of acids and Alkalis

Here is a list of properties that are common to both acids and bases
* When you dissolve an acid or base in water, it makes ions. This makes the water conduct electricity better.
* The stronger the acid (or base), the more ions are produced, so the conductivity of the solution increases.
* They can both conduct electricity.
* When an acid reacts with a base, a salt is formed
* They both can carry and share ions

## Things unique to acids

Acids react with group 1 and 2 metals to generate hydrogen gas.

### Examples of common things which are acidic

* Citrus fruits (Oranges, Lemons, Limes)
* Apples
* Pineapples
* Mangoes
* Water and soft drinks (Carbon dioxide reacts in water to form carbonic acid)
* Stomach acids
* Vinegar
* Liquid Drain cleaners containing sulfuric acid (Rooto)
* Any sour candy

## Things unique to Alkalis (bases)

Bases feel slippery and soapy and taste bitter because they hydrolyze the fatty acid ester of the skin (saponification reaction).

### Examples of common things which are Alkalis

* Lye
* Baking soda
* Bleach
* Ammonia, e.g. window cleaner
* Wasp's sting
* Some Drain cleaner (Drano, Red Devil)
* Tooth paste
# Accounting Interactions 1

Introduction: "Life in the Real World"
Welcome everyone! This text is organized differently from the Basic Principles books which lead off studies in Accounting. The idea was inspired by discussions in actual workplaces which never seem to be covered in classical Accounting courses. The first surprise is that basic Accounting courses begin working with a general ledger. But general ledger operations are always reserved for a senior member of management! Most new Accounting employees spend some time learning one of two "entry level" positions: Accounts Payable and Accounts Receivable.

## Accounts payable

Accounts Payable is the process of describing activity on an invoice using some system of coded cost categories, then posting the invoice into a computer system where it becomes part of a series of cheques paid out.
The steps of Accounts payable process.
1. Receiving the invoices in legally accepted format. 2. Validate the invoice accuracy and the compliance. 3. Post the invoice in the Book with appropriate cost center(a book can be a system or a manual register) 4. Release the payment after approval of the authority person. 5. Pay the amount to the vendor on due date. 6. Send the remittance advice to the vendor.

## Accounts receivable

The other common area new employees begin is in Accounts Receivable. Revenue cheques paying for goods and services are organized by customer, then entered into a computer system which posts the cheque to the customer's account. Someone then reviews that customer's account to determine how much, if any, further revenue is still owed by that customer.
# Accounts receivable

Change receivables to account receivables Accounts Receivable or usually oral promises to pay a company by a customer usually mature between 30 and 60 days. They are extremely important for operating cycle. Different company though all recognize in value account Receivable differently.The company with customers or Partners that are less reliable may need to expense differently due to risk. Recording the writing off on uncollected account requires to journal entries
Allowance for doubtful accounts
Accounts receivable
Your credit the account receivable because you’ve estimated that is most likely not to receive payment on that amount of purchase. To incentivize quick payment by your customers and partners you may implement a cash discount or a sales discount for companies to pay within 30 days. This is where the gross method and the net method come into play.Since there is a variable in how you recognize the counter so you’ll need to choose one or the other and be consistent with out your work.
Gross method versus net method Example:
Waiting for payment from a Customer for $5000 with terms 2% discount paid in 10 days while the rest is due within 30 days (n/30).
| | Gross method sales | | |
| DR | Accounts Receivable | $5,000 | |
| CR | Sales revenue | | $5,000 |
| | $3000 paid before discount expires | | |
| DR | Cash | $2,940 | |
| DR | Sales discount | $60 | |
| CR | Accounts receivable | | $3,000 |
| | $1000 after the discount period | | |
| DR | Cash | $1,000 | |
| CR | Accounts Receivable | | $1,000 |
| | Net method | | |
| DR | Accounts receivable | $4,900 | |
| CR | Sales revenue | | $4,900 |
| | $3000 paid before discount expires | | |
| DR | Cash | $2,940 | |
| CR | Accounts Receivable | | $2,940 |
| | $1000 after the discount period | | |
| DR | Cash | $1,000 | |
| CR | Accounts Receivable | | $960 |
| CR | Sales discount forfeited | | $40 |
Direct write off method for uncollected accounts
Allowance method for uncollectible accounts
# BCP/Persicaria/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Persicaria (Pinkweeds, Knotweeds). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* (no logs yet)
# BCP/Persicaria polymorpha

Persicaria polymorpha
| Inflorescence Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Persicaria polymorpha (Knotweed) Identifying Characteristics Habit:spreading, freely branched forb Recent Logs --SB_Johnny 12:03, 2 September 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 11:45, 23 September 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 11:47, 23 September 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring, Early Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) May, June, August, September, October
Additional images:
# BCP/Persicaria virginiana

Persicaria virginiana
| Foliage Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Persicaria virginiana (Virginia Jumpseed) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 09:37, 6 August 2007 (UTC) SB Johnny-LM 10:39, 25 August 2007 (UTC) SBJ 18:24, 4 September 2007 (UTC) SB Johnny-LM 09:51, 8 September 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 10:34, 29 July 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) July, August, September
Additional images:
# BCP/Petroselinum crispum

Petroselinum crispum
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Petroselinum crispum (Parsley) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny 10:06, 11 August 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 09:11, 5 September 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) August, September
Additional images:
# BCP/Persicaria maculosa

Persicaria maculosa
| Inflorescence Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Persicaria maculosa (Lady's Thumb) Identifying Characteristics Habit:Erect herbaceous plantFlowers:On dense terminal spikes with a pink calyx and white corollaFoliage:SimpleLife Cycle: Annual Recent Logs --Luai lashire 18:31, 22 September 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 14:12, 1 October 2007 (UTC) --Luai lashire 20:45, 17 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 13:08, 24 October 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 10:01, 2 November 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 07:32, 19 June 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 10:22, 14 July 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall, Late Fall
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (invasive or naturalized) June, July, August, September, October, November Central Pennsylvania: August , September , October
Additional images: