# OpenStax Astronomy/Test 1 Study guide
## Astronomy midterm Test 1 Study Guide

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### Astronomy midterm Test 1 Study Guide-v1s1

1. When did astronomy split between theoretical and observational branches?
    ___ a) In the last decade
    ___ b) In the 20th century
    ___ c) In the 18th century
    ___ d) After Galileo
    ___ e) In the 19th century
2. What does the Wikipedia 'Astronomy' call astrology?
    ___ a) the belief that all people should learn astronomy
    ___ b) the belief system which claims that human affairs are correlated with the positions of celestial objects.
    ___ c) the study of planetary atmospheres
    ___ d) the study of planetary cores
    ___ e) the study of comets and asteroids
3. Cosmology is the study of
    ___ a) the oceans
    ___ b) the formation of the solar system
    ___ c) the universe as a whole
    ___ d) the birth and death of stars
    ___ e) planetary atmospheres
4. What does the Wikipedia 'Astronomy' article say about astronomy and astrophysics
    ___ a) They are often considered to be opposites
    ___ b) They must be in agreement or the result cannot be trusted
    ___ c) They are often in conflict
    ___ d) They often yield different results
    ___ e) They are often considered to be synonymous
5. The goecentric theory put the Sun
    ___ a) in orbit around Earth
    ___ b) at the center of the solar system
    ___ c) none of the above or below are true
    ___ d) at the center of the universe
    ___ e) orbiting around the Moon
6. In the 3rd century BC, Aristarchus of Samos estimated the size of
    ___ a) the Moon and Sun
    ___ b) Earth and the Moon
    ___ c) the Sun
    ___ d) Earth and the Sun
    ___ e) the Moon
7. In the 19th century Fraunhoffer and Kirchoff studied light from the Sun and found
    ___ a) a wobble that led to the discovery of new planets
    ___ b) a golden ring
    ___ c) Mercury's shadow
    ___ d) sunspots and the sunspot cycle
    ___ e) spectral lines and concluded that they were caused by the elements
8. The ancient Greeks discovered (named) most of the constellations
    ___ a) in the eastern hemisphere
    ___ b) in the southern hemisphere
    ___ c) in both all hemispheres
    ___ d) in the northern hemisphere
    ___ e) in the western hemisphere
9. When did astronmers establish that the Milky way is only one of many billions of galaxies in the universe?
    ___ a) 16th century
    ___ b) 14th century
    ___ c) 20th century
    ___ d) 18th century
10. According to the Wikipedia Astronomy article, the first known efforts in the mathematical and scientific study of Astronomy began
    ___ a) among the Babylonians
    ___ b) in south America
    ___ c) in central America
    ___ d) among the Chinese
    ___ e) in ancient Greece
11. How many years did it take before Europe made a device as sophisticated as Antikythera?
    ___ a) 1500 years
    ___ b) 300 years
    ___ c) 3000 years
    ___ d) 30 years
    ___ e) 15,000 years
12. The saro cycle was about repeating cycles of
    ___ a) seasons
    ___ b) planets
    ___ c) eclipses
    ___ a) Galileo
    ___ b) Aristotle
    ___ c) Ptolemy
    ___ d) Kepler
    ___ e) Copernicus
14. In what century was parallax first used to measure the distance to a Star (other than our Sun)?
    ___ a) 17th century
    ___ b) 19th century
    ___ c) 16th century
    ___ d) 20th century
    ___ e) 18th century
15. The largest galaxy in the local group is
    ___ a) M52
    ___ b) Andromeda
    ___ c) M-31
    ___ d) ant-galexy
    ___ e) Milky way
16. What two names are associated with the first new planet found (after those known by the ancients using the naked eye)
    ___ a) Uranus and George's Star
    ___ b) Pluto and Goofy
    ___ c) Mercury and Friendship
    ___ d) Neptune and the Alabama Streaker
    ___ e) Mars and the Candy Bar
17. The historical record shows that in 1066 AD a supernovae was discovered by astronomers in _____ and _____
    ___ a) Egypt and China
    ___ b) Greece and North America
    ___ c) Greece and Central America
    ___ d) Greece and China
    ___ e) China and South America
    ___ a) the magnetic field of Venus
    ___ b) a dying star
    ___ c) a supernovae remnant
    ___ d) the magnetic field of Saturn
    ___ e) colliding galaxies
19. Wihlem Conrad Rontgen, a pioneer in X-rays is famous for his photo of
    ___ a) a double star
    ___ b) Barnard's star
    ___ c) The Sun
    ___ d) a supernovae
    ___ e) his wife
20. Earth based infrared observatories tend to be located in
    ___ a) where the air is cold
    ___ b) near the north and south poles
    ___ c) underground
    ___ d) near the equator
    ___ e) where the air is dry
21. The shortest wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is associated with
    ___ a) blue light
    ___ b) gamma rays
    ___ c) infrared
    ___ d) ultra violet
    ___ e) X-rays
    ___ a) one galaxy
    ___ b) none of these is correct
    ___ c) a globular cluster
    ___ d) a cluster of galaxy
    ___ e) an open cluster of stars
23. Most of the ______ that astronomers observe from Earth is seen in the form of synchrotron radiation, which is produced when electrons oscillate around magnetic fields.
    ___ a) energy
    ___ b) meteorites
    ___ c) photons
    ___ d) radio waves
    ___ e) meteors
24. Most gamma rays are
    ___ a) from hot stars
    ___ b) from the Sun
    ___ c) from cold stars
    ___ d) in bursts
    ___ e) the Andromeda galaxy
25. Studies in the infrared are useful for objects that are
    ___ a) cold
    ___ b) in other galaxies
    ___ c) inside the solar system
    ___ d) associated with supernovae
    ___ e) in our own galaxy
26. The best place to observe neutrinos is
    ___ a) near the north and south poles
    ___ b) near the equator
    ___ c) where the air is dry
    ___ d) underground
    ___ e) where the air is cold
27. An active galaxy is emitting a significant amount of its energy from _____
    ___ a) nuclear fission
    ___ b) nuclear fusion
    ___ c) magnetism
    ___ d) exploding stars
    ___ e) gravity
28. The Wikipedia article Sidereus Nuncius suggests that the inventor of the telescope was likely to be
    ___ a) none of these
    ___ b) Galileo
    ___ c) a Chinese scientist
    ___ d) A Greek scholar
    ___ e) a lensmaker
29. Galileo called his telescope
    ___ a) the liberator
    ___ b) an optical cannon
    ___ c) the magic eye
    ___ d) a mistake
    ___ e) a double magnifying glass
30. The "terminator" for Galileo was
    ___ a) his trial for heresy
    ___ b) the equator
    ___ c) sunrise or sunset
    ___ d) the division between east and west
    ___ e) the most distant star he could see
31. Galileo used the terminator to
    ___ a) observe the wobble of the Moon's orbit
    ___ b) correlate color with whether the region had mountains
    ___ c) compensate for stellar parallax
    ___ d) deduce the color beneath the dust layer
    ___ e) none of these
32. Galileo used the terminator to
    ___ a) publicize his ideas
    ___ b) correlate dark and light regions with terrain
    ___ c) measure the height of mountains
    ___ d) compensate for stellar parallax
    ___ e) two of these
33. What statement is FALSE about Galileo and the Median Stars
    ___ a) Galileo named them after a famous and wealthy family
    ___ b) motion could be observed after observing a moon for just one hour
    ___ c) they are actually moons
    ___ d) they were lined up
    ___ e) they were described by Aristotle
34. The title of Galileo's book, Sidereus Nuncius, is often translated as ____, but it is probably more proper to translate it as _______
    ___ a) the motion of the earth - - the location of the earth
    ___ b) Starry messenger - - Starry message
    ___ c) the moons of Jupiter
    ___ d) the Moon close up - - the Moon through a telescope
    ___ e) the motion of the stars - - the location of the stars
35. The Wikipedia article, Sidereus Nuncius, points out that what the ancient Greek scientist thought was a cloudy star was really
    ___ a) the rings of Saturn
    ___ b) a supernovae remnant
    ___ c) a planetary nebula
    ___ d) many faint stars
    ___ e) a comet
36. Galileo's naming of the "Medicean Stars"
    ___ a) two of these are true
    ___ b) broke an agreement he made with the Pope to stop writing about astronomy
    ___ c) caused his house arrest
    ___ d) was controversial because stars were supposed to be named after Roman gods
    ___ e) might have earned him a promotion
37. When the German astronomy Marius provided evidence that he (Marius) had first seen the moons of Jupiter, Galileo
    ___ a) didn't care; he was a true scientist
    ___ b) pointed out that the telescope Marius was using could not have seen the Moons
    ___ c) used his political contacts to ensure that he (Galileo) would get credit
    ___ d) won the argument using his knowledge of calendars
    ___ e) appealed to the Pope
38. Prior to the publication of Sidereus Nuncius, the Church
    ___ a) had given Galileo a commission to look into the Copernican heliocentric system
    ___ b) none of these are true (according to the Wikipedia permalink to Sidereus Nuncius.)
    ___ c) was unaware of any controversy concerning the Copernican heliocentric system
    ___ d) had outlawed all discussion of the Copernican heliocentric system
    ___ e) accepted the Copernican heliocentric system as strictly mathematical and hypothetical
39. The Ptolemaic system was geocentric.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
40. The Ptolemaic system was heliocentric.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
41. Most ancient Roman and most medieval scholars thought the Earth was flat.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
42. Evidence for the Copernican system is that the Earth does not seem to move.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
43. The ancient Greeks believed in circular orbits, causing them to devise the epicycle and the deferent.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
44. Copernicus was a university-trained Catholic priest dedicated to astronomy.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
45. In the late 16th century, Tycho Brahe invented his system to resolve philosophical and what he called “physical" problems with the geocentric theory.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
46. Copernicus shared his heliocentric theory with colleagues decades before he died.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
47. In the late 16th century, Tycho Brahe invented his system to resolve philosophical and what he called “physical" problems with the heliocentric theory.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
48. An argument used to support the geocentric model held that heavenly bodies, while perhaps large, were able to move quickly.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
49. Tycho tended to favor religious arguments over scientific arguments when justifying his opinions about the geocentric/heliocentric controversy.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
50. Tycho was the first to propose an earth-orbiting sun had planets in orbit around the Sun.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
51. At noon a 1st quarter moon would be
    ___ a) overhead
    ___ b) below the horizon
    ___ c) western horizon
    ___ d) eastern horizon
52. At 6pm a new moon would be
    ___ a) eastern horizon
    ___ b) below the horizon
    ___ c) overhead
    ___ d) western horizon
53. At 6am a full moon would be
    ___ a) overhead
    ___ b) western horizon
    ___ c) eastern horizon
    ___ d) below the horizon
54. At 6pm a 1st quarter moon would be
    ___ a) below the horizon
    ___ b) overhead
    ___ c) western horizon
    ___ d) eastern horizon
55. At midnight a third quarter moon would be
    ___ a) eastern horizon
    ___ b) overhead
    ___ c) below the horizon
    ___ d) western horizon
56. At noon a new moon would be
    ___ a) eastern horizon
    ___ b) below the horizon
    ___ c) overhead
    ___ d) western horizon
57. At 6pm a third quarter moon would be
    ___ a) eastern horizon
    ___ b) below the horizon
    ___ c) overhead
    ___ d) western horizon
58. At noon a third quarter moon would be
    ___ a) western horizon
    ___ b) overhead
    ___ c) eastern horizon
    ___ d) below the horizon
59. At 6am a 1st quarter moon would be
    ___ a) overhead
    ___ b) western horizon
    ___ c) eastern horizon
    ___ d) below the horizon
60. At 6am a new moon would be
    ___ a) overhead
    ___ b) below the horizon
    ___ c) western horizon
    ___ d) eastern horizon

#### Key to Astronomy midterm Test 1 Study Guide-v1s1

1. When did astronomy split between theoretical and observational branches?
       - a) In the last decade
       + b) In the 20th century
       - c) In the 18th century
       - d) After Galileo
       - e) In the 19th century
2. What does the Wikipedia 'Astronomy' call astrology?
       - a) the belief that all people should learn astronomy
       + b) the belief system which claims that human affairs are correlated with the positions of celestial objects.
       - c) the study of planetary atmospheres
       - d) the study of planetary cores
       - e) the study of comets and asteroids
3. Cosmology is the study of
       - a) the oceans
       - b) the formation of the solar system
       + c) the universe as a whole
       - d) the birth and death of stars
       - e) planetary atmospheres
4. What does the Wikipedia 'Astronomy' article say about astronomy and astrophysics
       - a) They are often considered to be opposites
       - b) They must be in agreement or the result cannot be trusted
       - c) They are often in conflict
       - d) They often yield different results
       + e) They are often considered to be synonymous
5. The goecentric theory put the Sun
       + a) in orbit around Earth
       - b) at the center of the solar system
       - c) none of the above or below are true
       - d) at the center of the universe
       - e) orbiting around the Moon
6. In the 3rd century BC, Aristarchus of Samos estimated the size of
       + a) the Moon and Sun
       - b) Earth and the Moon
       - c) the Sun
       - d) Earth and the Sun
       - e) the Moon
7. In the 19th century Fraunhoffer and Kirchoff studied light from the Sun and found
       - a) a wobble that led to the discovery of new planets
       - b) a golden ring
       - c) Mercury's shadow
       - d) sunspots and the sunspot cycle
       + e) spectral lines and concluded that they were caused by the elements
8. The ancient Greeks discovered (named) most of the constellations
       - a) in the eastern hemisphere
       - b) in the southern hemisphere
       - c) in both all hemispheres
       + d) in the northern hemisphere
       - e) in the western hemisphere
9. When did astronmers establish that the Milky way is only one of many billions of galaxies in the universe?
       - a) 16th century
       - b) 14th century
       + c) 20th century
       - d) 18th century
10. According to the Wikipedia Astronomy article, the first known efforts in the mathematical and scientific study of Astronomy began
       + a) among the Babylonians
       - b) in south America
       - c) in central America
       - d) among the Chinese
       - e) in ancient Greece
11. How many years did it take before Europe made a device as sophisticated as Antikythera?
       + a) 1500 years
       - b) 300 years
       - c) 3000 years
       - d) 30 years
       - e) 15,000 years
12. The saro cycle was about repeating cycles of
       - a) seasons
       - b) planets
       + c) eclipses
       + a) Galileo
       - b) Aristotle
       - c) Ptolemy
       - d) Kepler
       - e) Copernicus
14. In what century was parallax first used to measure the distance to a Star (other than our Sun)?
       - a) 17th century
       + b) 19th century
       - c) 16th century
       - d) 20th century
       - e) 18th century
15. The largest galaxy in the local group is
       - a) M52
       + b) Andromeda
       - c) M-31
       - d) ant-galexy
       - e) Milky way
16. What two names are associated with the first new planet found (after those known by the ancients using the naked eye)
       + a) Uranus and George's Star
       - b) Pluto and Goofy
       - c) Mercury and Friendship
       - d) Neptune and the Alabama Streaker
       - e) Mars and the Candy Bar
17. The historical record shows that in 1066 AD a supernovae was discovered by astronomers in _____ and _____
       + a) Egypt and China
       - b) Greece and North America
       - c) Greece and Central America
       - d) Greece and China
       - e) China and South America
       - a) the magnetic field of Venus
       + b) a dying star
       - c) a supernovae remnant
       - d) the magnetic field of Saturn
       - e) colliding galaxies
19. Wihlem Conrad Rontgen, a pioneer in X-rays is famous for his photo of
       - a) a double star
       - b) Barnard's star
       - c) The Sun
       - d) a supernovae
       + e) his wife
20. Earth based infrared observatories tend to be located in
       - a) where the air is cold
       - b) near the north and south poles
       - c) underground
       - d) near the equator
       + e) where the air is dry
21. The shortest wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is associated with
       - a) blue light
       + b) gamma rays
       - c) infrared
       - d) ultra violet
       - e) X-rays
       + a) one galaxy
       - b) none of these is correct
       - c) a globular cluster
       - d) a cluster of galaxy
       - e) an open cluster of stars
23. Most of the ______ that astronomers observe from Earth is seen in the form of synchrotron radiation, which is produced when electrons oscillate around magnetic fields.
       - a) energy
       - b) meteorites
       - c) photons
       + d) radio waves
       - e) meteors
24. Most gamma rays are
       - a) from hot stars
       - b) from the Sun
       - c) from cold stars
       + d) in bursts
       - e) the Andromeda galaxy
25. Studies in the infrared are useful for objects that are
       + a) cold
       - b) in other galaxies
       - c) inside the solar system
       - d) associated with supernovae
       - e) in our own galaxy
26. The best place to observe neutrinos is
       - a) near the north and south poles
       - b) near the equator
       - c) where the air is dry
       + d) underground
       - e) where the air is cold
27. An active galaxy is emitting a significant amount of its energy from _____
       - a) nuclear fission
       - b) nuclear fusion
       - c) magnetism
       - d) exploding stars
       + e) gravity
28. The Wikipedia article Sidereus Nuncius suggests that the inventor of the telescope was likely to be
       - a) none of these
       - b) Galileo
       - c) a Chinese scientist
       - d) A Greek scholar
       + e) a lensmaker
29. Galileo called his telescope
       - a) the liberator
       + b) an optical cannon
       - c) the magic eye
       - d) a mistake
       - e) a double magnifying glass
30. The "terminator" for Galileo was
       - a) his trial for heresy
       - b) the equator
       + c) sunrise or sunset
       - d) the division between east and west
       - e) the most distant star he could see
31. Galileo used the terminator to
       - a) observe the wobble of the Moon's orbit
       + b) correlate color with whether the region had mountains
       - c) compensate for stellar parallax
       - d) deduce the color beneath the dust layer
       - e) none of these
32. Galileo used the terminator to
       - a) publicize his ideas
       - b) correlate dark and light regions with terrain
       - c) measure the height of mountains
       - d) compensate for stellar parallax
       + e) two of these
33. What statement is FALSE about Galileo and the Median Stars
       - a) Galileo named them after a famous and wealthy family
       - b) motion could be observed after observing a moon for just one hour
       - c) they are actually moons
       - d) they were lined up
       + e) they were described by Aristotle
34. The title of Galileo's book, Sidereus Nuncius, is often translated as ____, but it is probably more proper to translate it as _______
       - a) the motion of the earth - - the location of the earth
       + b) Starry messenger - - Starry message
       - c) the moons of Jupiter
       - d) the Moon close up - - the Moon through a telescope
       - e) the motion of the stars - - the location of the stars
35. The Wikipedia article, Sidereus Nuncius, points out that what the ancient Greek scientist thought was a cloudy star was really
       - a) the rings of Saturn
       - b) a supernovae remnant
       - c) a planetary nebula
       + d) many faint stars
       - e) a comet
36. Galileo's naming of the "Medicean Stars"
       + a) two of these are true
       - b) broke an agreement he made with the Pope to stop writing about astronomy
       - c) caused his house arrest
       - d) was controversial because stars were supposed to be named after Roman gods
       - e) might have earned him a promotion
37. When the German astronomy Marius provided evidence that he (Marius) had first seen the moons of Jupiter, Galileo
       - a) didn't care; he was a true scientist
       - b) pointed out that the telescope Marius was using could not have seen the Moons
       - c) used his political contacts to ensure that he (Galileo) would get credit
       + d) won the argument using his knowledge of calendars
       - e) appealed to the Pope
38. Prior to the publication of Sidereus Nuncius, the Church
       - a) had given Galileo a commission to look into the Copernican heliocentric system
       - b) none of these are true (according to the Wikipedia permalink to Sidereus Nuncius.)
       - c) was unaware of any controversy concerning the Copernican heliocentric system
       - d) had outlawed all discussion of the Copernican heliocentric system
       + e) accepted the Copernican heliocentric system as strictly mathematical and hypothetical
39. The Ptolemaic system was geocentric.
       + a) TRUE
       - b) FALSE
40. The Ptolemaic system was heliocentric.
       - a) TRUE
       + b) FALSE
41. Most ancient Roman and most medieval scholars thought the Earth was flat.
       - a) TRUE
       + b) FALSE
42. Evidence for the Copernican system is that the Earth does not seem to move.
       - a) TRUE
       + b) FALSE
43. The ancient Greeks believed in circular orbits, causing them to devise the epicycle and the deferent.
       + a) TRUE
       - b) FALSE
44. Copernicus was a university-trained Catholic priest dedicated to astronomy.
       + a) TRUE
       - b) FALSE
45. In the late 16th century, Tycho Brahe invented his system to resolve philosophical and what he called “physical" problems with the geocentric theory.
       - a) TRUE
       + b) FALSE
46. Copernicus shared his heliocentric theory with colleagues decades before he died.
       + a) TRUE
       - b) FALSE
47. In the late 16th century, Tycho Brahe invented his system to resolve philosophical and what he called “physical" problems with the heliocentric theory.
       + a) TRUE
       - b) FALSE
48. An argument used to support the geocentric model held that heavenly bodies, while perhaps large, were able to move quickly.
       + a) TRUE
       - b) FALSE
49. Tycho tended to favor religious arguments over scientific arguments when justifying his opinions about the geocentric/heliocentric controversy.
       - a) TRUE
       + b) FALSE
50. Tycho was the first to propose an earth-orbiting sun had planets in orbit around the Sun.
       - a) TRUE
       + b) FALSE
51. At noon a 1st quarter moon would be
       - a) overhead
       - b) below the horizon
       - c) western horizon
       + d) eastern horizon
52. At 6pm a new moon would be
       - a) eastern horizon
       - b) below the horizon
       - c) overhead
       + d) western horizon
53. At 6am a full moon would be
       - a) overhead
       + b) western horizon
       - c) eastern horizon
       - d) below the horizon
54. At 6pm a 1st quarter moon would be
       - a) below the horizon
       + b) overhead
       - c) western horizon
       - d) eastern horizon
55. At midnight a third quarter moon would be
       + a) eastern horizon
       - b) overhead
       - c) below the horizon
       - d) western horizon
56. At noon a new moon would be
       - a) eastern horizon
       - b) below the horizon
       + c) overhead
       - d) western horizon
57. At 6pm a third quarter moon would be
       - a) eastern horizon
       + b) below the horizon
       - c) overhead
       - d) western horizon
58. At noon a third quarter moon would be
       + a) western horizon
       - b) overhead
       - c) eastern horizon
       - d) below the horizon
59. At 6am a 1st quarter moon would be
       - a) overhead
       - b) western horizon
       - c) eastern horizon
       + d) below the horizon
60. At 6am a new moon would be
       - a) overhead
       - b) below the horizon
       - c) western horizon
       + d) eastern horizon

   ##### Attribution (for quiz questions) under CC-by-SA license

    http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomy_college_course/Astronomy_(wikipedia)/Quiz01&oldid=1387156
    https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomy_college_course/Astronomy_(wikipedia)/Quiz02&oldid=1387715
    https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Astronomy_college_course/Wikipedia_Sidereus_Nuncius/Quiz01
    http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomy_college_course/Ptolemy,_Copernicus_and_Tycho_systems/Quiz01&oldid=1388143
    http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomy_college_course/Lunar_Phases/Quiz(simple)&oldid=1388138

   ##### Study guide

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomy&oldid=586057527
    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sidereus_Nuncius&oldid=587554840
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Guy_vandegrift/Astronomy_college_course/Ptolemy,_Copernicus_and_Tycho_systems
    http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomy_college_course/Lunar_Phases&oldid=1190185