OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ancient Codes of Law/Examples

* The Code of Hammurabi covered such subjects as:
* Slander
* Ex. Law #127: "If any one "point the finger" at a sister of a god or the wife of any one, and can not prove it, this man shall be taken before the judges and his brow shall be marked. (by cutting the skin, or perhaps hair.)"
* Slavery
* Ex. Law #15: "If any one take a male or female slave of the court, or a male or female slave of a freed man, outside the city gates, he shall be put to death."
* Workers duties
* Ex. Law #42: "If any one take over a field to till it, and obtain no harvest therefrom, it must be proved that he did no work on the field, and he must deliver grain, just as his neighbor raised, to the owner of the field."
* Theft
* Ex. Law #22: "If any one is committing a robbery and is caught, then he shall be put to death."
* Trade
* Ex. Law #104: "If a merchant give an agent corn, wool, oil, or any other goods to transport, the agent shall give a receipt for the amount, and compensate the merchant therefor. Then he shall obtain a receipt from the merchant for the money that he gives the merchant."
* Ex. Law #265: "If a herdsman, to whose care cattle or sheep have been entrusted, be guilty of fraud and make false returns of the natural increase, or sell them for money, then shall he be convicted and pay the owner ten times the loss."
* Liability
* Ex. Law #53: "If any one be too lazy to keep his dam in proper condition, and does not so keep it; if then the dam break and all the fields be flooded, then shall he in whose dam the break occurred be sold for money, and the money shall replace the corn which he has caused to be ruined."
* Divorce
* Ex. Law #142: "If a woman quarrel with her husband, and say: "You are not congenial to me," the reasons for her prejudice must be presented. If she is guiltless, and there is no fault on her part, but he leaves and neglects her, then no guilt attaches to this woman, she shall take her dowry and go back to her father's house."
* One of the best known laws from Hammurabi's code was:
* Ex. Law #196: "If a man destroy the eye of another man, they shall destroy his eye. If one break a man's bone, they shall break his bone. If one destroy the eye of a freeman or break the bone of a freeman he shall pay one gold mina. If one destroy the eye of a man's slave or break a bone of a man's slave he shall pay one-half his price."
* Hammurabi had many other punishments, as well. If a son strikes his father, his hands shall be hewn off. Translations vary.
* Notes
* ↑ "The Code of Hammurabi". Internet Sacred Text Archive. Evinity Publishing INC. 2011. Retrieved November 17, 2013.
* ↑ "Translated by L. W. King, Hammurabi's Code of Laws". 9 May 2008.
* ↑ Translated by L. W. King, Hammurabi's Code of Laws, The Code of Hammurabi King of Babylon by Robert Francis Harper (PDF)
# Ancient Egyptian vocalization project

This site is dedicated to researching and teaching the vocalization of the ancient Egyptian language. Ancient Egyptian is here understood to mean the languages of the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, New Kingdom and Coptic, whether written in hieroglyphs, hieratic, demotic or using the Greek alphabet. As only the Greek alphabet systematically recorded vowels, the true sounds of the language are virtually unknown for the first three millenia of its history. Not only does this make Ancient Egyptian harder to learn (e.g. distinguishing between verb forms that were separated primarily by their vocalization), but it also prevents an intuitive appreciation of Egyptian literature and poetry.
The goal of the present project is to restore as much as possible of the original sound by combining all available historical sources and phonological research. At the core of this project is the List of vocalized forms. Sublists (like Pronouns, Numbers, and Plural) are meant to help the learner practice. Hopefully, one day there will be fully vocalized texts, too. Until then, there is lots to do - please join and add any material you can, just don't forget to cite your sources (or explain your derivations). :-)
--Hakseng 05:02, 19 November 2009 (UTC)
You may have a look here: http://xoomer.virgilio.it/omezzabo
I made some experiments, but they are just amateurish. There you'll find my explanations too.
I did some of the words. Perhaps it'll help.
* /Pronouns
* /General principles
* /List of vocalized forms
* /Numbers
# Ancient Greek philosophy

Welcome to the Ancient Greek Philosophy learning project, part of the School of Philosophy.

## Description

Philosophy may be seen as one of the products of a vital human impulse that has probably given rise to religion and science as well. From as far back as history can take us, we have strived for ultimate truths about life and existence.
Philosophy is usually described vaguely as the study of fundamental questions. Therefore, other great general fields of inquiry, like Science ("How did that happen? Can we change it?") and Theology ("What is God like? How can we change His mind?") can be seen as offshoots of the same source.
In Western culture (Occidental, as opposed to Oriental) we generally study the history of Western philosophy, which we trace back to the Greeks, who first used the word philosophy, and who first began to organize such an inquiry in a systematic way in our culture. One of the problems with this method is that it tends to minimize the effects of other ancient civilizations on Western thought, which was greatly influenced by the cultures in Egypt and Mesopotamia. It also walls off an entire parallel development of Eastern philosophy which, though dealing with similar questions, made use of profoundly different methods. Ironically, the civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia can probably be considered closer to Eastern than to Western thought.
But we have to start somewhere, and that will be the traditional approach. The reader can find an overview of Eastern thought in the Eastern Philosophy course.

## Resources

* The origins of philosophy
* The Presocratic philosophers
* Socrates, Plato and Aristotle
* Epicurus/On Matter - β (Περὶ φύσεως β)
# Ancient Egyptian vocalization project/Pronouns

| | Suffix | Dependent | Independent |
| 1st s. | -ʲ [aʲ] | wʲ [wuʲ] | ʲnk [ʲānak] |
| 2nd s.m. | -k [k] | kw/ṯw [kuw/ṯuw] | ntk [ʲāntak] |
| 2nd s.f. | -t/ṯ [t/ṯ] | ṯm/tn/ṯn [ṯim/tin/ṯin] | ntt/ntṯ [ʲāntat/ʲāntaṯ] |
| 3rd s.m. | -f [f] | sw [suw] | ntf [ʲāntaf] |
| 3rd s.f. | -s [s] | sy [siʲ] | nts [ʲāntas] |
| 1st p. | -n [ina/in] | n [ina/in] | ʲnn [ʲānan] |
| 2nd p. | -tn/ṯn [tin/ṯin] | tn/ṯn [tin/ṯin] | nttn/ntṯn [ʲāntatin/ʲāntaṯin] |
| 3rd p. | -sn [sina/sin] | sn [sina/sin] | ntsn [ʲāntasin] |
| 1st d. | -ny [iniʲ] |
| 2nd d. | tny/ṯny [tiniʲ/ṯiniʲ] |
| 3rd d. | sny [siniʲ] |
| twt | [tuwt] | "you" |
| swt | [suwt] | "him" |
# Binary operation/Definition

An operation (or binary operation) $\circ$ on a set $M$ is a mapping
    $\circ \colon M\times M\longrightarrow M,(x,y)\longmapsto \circ (x,y)=x\circ y.$
# Binomial coefficient/Incidence formula/Exercise

Prove the following formula
    $n2^{n-1}=\sum _{k=0}^{n}k{\binom {n}{k}}\,.$
# Binomial coefficient/Natural number/Exercise

Show that the binomial coefficients are natural numbers.
# Binomial coefficient/Number of subsets/Remark

For the binomial coefficient
    ${\binom {n}{k}}$
there is an important interpretation. It describes the number of subsets with exactly $k$ elements inside a set with $n$ elements. For example, within a set with $49$ elements there are exactly
    ${\binom {49}{6}}={\frac {49\cdot 48\cdot 47\cdot 46\cdot 45\cdot 44}{6\cdot 5\cdot 4\cdot 3\cdot 2\cdot 1}}=13983816\,$
subsets with $6$ elements. The inverse of this number is the probability to get at the lotto all six numbers right.
# Binomial coefficient/Sum/Exercise

Prove the formula
    $2^{n}=\sum _{k=0}^{n}{\binom {n}{k}}\,.$
# Binomial coefficient/Definition

Let $k$ and $n$ denote natural numbers with $k\leq n$. Then
    ${\binom {n}{k}}:={\frac {n!}{k!(n-k)!}}\,$
is called the binomial coefficient $n$ choose $k$
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southern Ontario/June
## June

* All plants blooming in June (0)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southern Ontario/October
## October

* All plants blooming in October (0)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southwest Oregon/August
## August

All plants blooming in August
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southwest Oregon/August/All/DPL

This list is used to create a visual key.
* BCP/Cichorium intybus
* BCP/Verbascum blattaria
* BCP/Eschscholzia californica
* BCP/Melissa officinalis
* BCP/Eremocarpus setigerus
* BCP/Solanum dulcamara
* BCP/Verbascum thapsus
* BCP/Daucus carota
* BCP/Cirsium vulgare
* BCP/Plantago lanceolata
* BCP/Centaurea cyanus
* BCP/Melilotus alba
* BCP/Centaurea solstitialis
* BCP/Dipsacus
* BCP/Verbena bracteata
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southern Ontario/May
## May

* All plants blooming in May (0)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southern Ontario/November
## November

* All plants blooming in November (0)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southern Ontario/September
## September

* All plants blooming in September (0)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southern Ontario/March
## March

* All plants blooming in March (0)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southwest Oregon

The pages below are keys for flowers that have been logged as blooming Southwest Oregon during a particular month.

## January

(No data)

## February

(No data)

## March

(No data)

## April

(No data)

## May

(No data)

## June

(No data)

## July

(No data)

## August

All plants blooming in August

## September

(No data)

## October

(No data)

## November

(No data)

## December

(No data)
# BCP/Portulaca oleracea

Portulaca oleracea
| Flowering plant Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Portulaca oleracea (Purslane) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 14:05, 6 September 2007 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 09:09, 14 July 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 11:24, 3 August 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (invasive or naturalized) July, August, September
Additional images:
# BCP/Potentilla anserina/Logs
##### Recent Logs

* --Juan Pisek 17:06, 29 June 2008 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
# BCP/Potentilla argentea

Potentilla argentea
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Potentilla argentea (Silver Cinquefoil) Identifying Characteristics Habit:herbaceous forbFlowers:Five creamy-yellow petals with a central yellow disk.Foliage:Toothed leaves are palmateStem:erect or creepingLife Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs Trinity507 16:42, 22 April 2010 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring, Early Summer, Mid Summer
Regional data:
Additional images:
# BCP/Potentilla argentea/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Potentilla argentea (Silver Cinquefoil). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
##### Recent Logs

* Trinity507 16:42, 22 April 2010 (UTC)
# BCP/Potentilla arguta/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Potentilla arguta (Tall Cinquefoil). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2007 Logs

* --Jomegat 3 August, 2007 (from photos)

#### 2008 Logs

* Jomegat 19:58, 17 June 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 22:15, 25 June 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 23:12, 1 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 18:39, 12 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 02:49, 30 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 20:38, 9 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 15:03, 31 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 12:43, 2 September 2008 (UTC)

#### 2009 Logs

* Jomegat 00:18, 9 June 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 04:03, 2 August 2009 (UTC)

##### Recent Logs

* Jomegat 03:29, 12 June 2010 (UTC)
# BCP/Portulaca oleracea/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Portulaca oleracea (Purslane). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 14:05, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:09, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 11:24, 3 August 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Potentilla/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Potentilla (Potentilla). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* Ngravagna 16:55, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 21:28, 22 May 2008 (UTC)
* Ngravagna 20:02, 15 June 2008 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 17:45, 17 June 2008 (UTC)

##### Recent Logs

* Ngravagna 19:02, 9 May 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 03:22, 10 May 2009 (UTC)
# BCP/Potentilla anserina

Potentilla anserina
| Habitus Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Potentilla anserina (?) Identifying Characteristics Habit:herbaceousFlowers:yellow Recent Logs --Juan Pisek 17:06, 29 June 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: South Bohemia, Czech Republic: (mochna husí) June
Additional images:
| Flower | Leaf | Illustration |
# BCP/Potentilla

Potentilla
| Flower of P. fruticosa Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Potentilla (Potentilla) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs Ngravagna 19:02, 9 May 2009 (UTC) Jomegat 03:22, 10 May 2009 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: May New Hampshire: June Aurora, Colorado area: May
Additional images:
# BCP/Potentilla arguta

Potentilla arguta
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Potentilla arguta (Tall Cinquefoil) Identifying Characteristics Habit:herbaceous forbFlowers:Five creamy-yellow petals with a central yellow disk.Foliage:Toothed leaves are palmateStem:erectLife Cycle: Perennial Recent Logs Jomegat 03:29, 12 June 2010 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer, Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
Regional data: New Hampshire: June, July, August , September
Additional images:
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Prague/May
## May

* All plants recorded in May (category list)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Prague/October
## October

* All plants recorded in October
# Bloom Clock/Keys/South Bohemia

The pages linked below are "keys" for flowers that have been logged as blooming South Bohemia during a particular month.

## March

* All plants recorded in March (category list)

## October

* All plants recorded in October (category list)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/South Bohemia/March
## March

* All plants recorded in March (category list)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/South Bohemia/October
## October

* All plants recorded in October (category list)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Prague/October/All/DPL

This list is used to create a visual key.
* BCP/Helianthus annuus
* BCP/Cichorium intybus
* BCP/Origanum majorana
* BCP/Linaria vulgaris
* BCP/Taraxacum officinale
* BCP/Achillea millefolium
* BCP/Trifolium repens
* BCP/Trifolium pratense
* BCP/Tanacetum vulgare
* BCP/Convolvulus arvensis
* BCP/Capsella bursa-pastoris
* BCP/Nigella sativa
* BCP/Medicago sativa
* BCP/Bellis perennis
* BCP/Pelargonium
* BCP/Lamium album
# Bloom Clock/Keys/San Francisco Bay/August/All

The plants pictured below have been recorded as blooming during the month of August in the San Francisco Bay.
Eschscholzia californica
| Flower Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Eschscholzia californica (California Poppy) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs Hazel 17:56, 5 August 2007 (UTC) Ngravagna 16:11, 22 May 2008 (UTC) Ngravagna 17:25, 21 June 2008 (UTC) Bastique 00:46, 17 August 2008 (UTC) Bastique 22:01, 26 August 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
# Bloom Clock/Keys/South Bohemia/June
## June

* All plants recorded in June (category list)
# English-Chinese/It has long been recognized that infection with HIV is characterized not only by development of profound immunodeficiency but also by sustained inflammation and immune activation

It has long been recognized that infection with HIV is characterized not only by development of profound immunodeficiency but also by sustained inflammation and immune activation.
人们早已认识到HIV感染的特征不仅在于患上严重的免疫缺陷症，还在于持续的炎症和免疫反应。
# English-Chinese/It is estimated that 90% of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is preventable

It is estimated that 90% of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is preventable.
据估计，90％的心血管疾病（CVD）是可以预防的。
# English-Chinese/It is important to increase fluids intake. It is recommended to drink six to eight glasses of water a day to help keep stools soft

It is important to increase fluids intake. It is recommended to drink six to eight glasses of water a day to help keep stools soft.
增加液体摄入量很重要。 建议每天喝六至八杯水，以保持大便柔软。
# English-Chinese/It doesn't look any different to me

It doesn't look any different to me.
它对我来说没什么不同。
# English-Chinese/It doesn't matter

It doesn't matter. I'll take any that's left over.
没关系。我会把剩下的任何东西拿走。
# English-Chinese/It is common practice to heat-treat bran with the intention of slowing undesirable rancidification

It is common practice to heat-treat bran with the intention of slowing undesirable rancidification.
通常的做法是对麸皮进行热处理，以减缓不希望的酸败。
# English-Chinese/It is immoral to erase the will of a dead person, because he can no longer speak, not to mention that he is his father

It is immoral to erase the will of a dead person, because he can no longer speak, not to mention that he is his father.
抹杀一个死去的人的遗愿是不道德的，因为他已经不能再说话了，何况他是自己的父亲。
# English-Chinese/It is recommended that diabetics visit an eye doctor once a year

It is recommended that diabetics visit an eye doctor once a year.
建议糖尿病患者每年一次去看眼科医生。
# English-Chinese/It is distinguished from wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli, but more reactive than coma or disorders of consciousness, sleep displaying very different and active brain patterns

It is distinguished from wakefulness by a decreased ability to react to stimuli, but more reactive than coma or disorders of consciousness, sleep displaying very different and active brain patterns.
它与清醒的区别在于对刺激的反应能力下降，但比昏迷或意识障碍更具反应性，睡眠显示出非常不同且活跃的大脑模式。
# English-Chinese/It is estimated that 82 percent of people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 and older

It is estimated that 82 percent of people who die of coronary heart disease are 65 and older.
据估计，死于冠心病的人中有82％年龄在65岁以上。
# BCP/Spigelia marilandica/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Spigelia marilandica (Indian pink, Woodland pinkroot). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* SB Johnny-LM 18 June, 2008
* SB Johnny-LM 09:17, 2 July 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Spiraea alba/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Spiraea alba (Meadowsweet). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2007 Logs

* Jomegat 3 Aug 2007

#### 2008 Logs

* Jomegat 00:40, 2 August 2008 (UTC) (This was also in bloom in July, but I forgot to log it).
* Jomegat 20:29, 9 August 2008 (UTC)

#### 2009 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* Jomegat 27 July 2009 (from photos)
* Jomegat 03:58, 2 August 2009 (UTC)
# BCP/Spiraea

Spiraea
| S. x vanhoutei Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Spiraea (Spiraea) Identifying Characteristics Subclass plants:S. alba, S. japonica, S. Thunbergii Recent Logs Jomegat 01:35, 1 June 2009 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Late Spring, Early Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: May, June New Hampshire: May
Additional images: