OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Online social networking

An online social network is an internet-based services which allows people to create accounts and to use these accounts to build an online social identity, to communicate electronically with others, and to follow and respond to the electronic communications of others.
Examples of popular online social networking services are Facebook, MySpace, Twitter, Identi.ca and Moodle, but there are also many others: List of social networking websites. A wiki can also, arguably, be thought of as a social network.
# Online social entrepreneurship

Online social entrepreneurship is a type of social entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial business that involves attempting to earn money online while also attempting to help provide a social benefit while running the online business. This area of the site will take a learning by doing model for the time being.

## Discussion questions and essay ideas

* What are some potential business models for online social entrepreneurship?
# Papilio to Arduino
## Problem

The papilio can be turned into an arduino. The first step is to go through the unique IDE's examples, find all the hardware required and document how well they work.

## Conceive

Using Arduino IDE to run Arduino Code on the Papilio Board
* [ENES100] Intro to Engineering Course
* Digital Class (typically freshman or sophomore year)
* FPGA VHDL Lab Class (becoming a sophomore class ... mostly senior class)

## Design

Download Arduino Papilio IDE Here
Arduino Reference Library

## Implement

* OpenSource hardware platform chosen papilio
* Switches and LEDs provided by the LogicStart MegaWing
* Code is written in the Arduino programming language, or found in the preloaded Arduino example codes
* The bit file is sent down the USB cable to the Papilio using the Arduino Papilio IDE, and the AVR 8 soft processor. NOTE: These are different things, both are found in the link given, but you need both
* The colored template or shell for displaying the VHDL/Arduino code was found in OpenSource editor Notepad + +

#### Tested Codes:

* Blink- Flashes LED attached to Pin 13 and ground each Second. Often used as a test to make sure hardware is working.
* Button- Turns on and off an LED connected to digital pin 13, when pressing a push button attached to pin 7.
* Hello World- Initiates "Hello World" program where odd LEDs flash on papilio board. ** Does not work on papilio
* Blink Without Delay- Flashes LED connected to Pin 13, without using the delay function. This means that other code can run at the same time without being interrupted by the LED code.

## Next Steps

* Test more Arduino examples
* Edit AVR-8 Softprocessor for more digital and fewer analog ports
* Communicate directly between Papilio and Arduino via three wires as in Papilio to papilio
# Panspermia/a critique of NASA researchers make first discovery of life's building block in comet

(Review Paper) Cited in Panspermia/a critique of NASA researchers make first discovery of life's building block in comet

### Points Made

NASA scientists discover glycine in a comet. Glycine is the fundamental building block for life. It is used to make proteins in living organisms. Since it was found in a comet, it supports the theory that the life’s ingredients were formed in space and then delivered to earth by meteorites.

### Methods

To prove this, NASA scientists sent a spaceship to space to collect comet gas and dust. As the spaceship flew through the material, an aerogel filled grid captured the gas and dust. This captured gas and dust were then shot back to earth for scientists to study how comets are formed and to find the history of our solar system.

### Results

After studying the glycine found in the comet, scientists realized that it could be contaminated. To solve this problem, scientists measure the amount of the different isotopes of the carbon within the glycine. Scientists found that the glycine molecules found in space are made up of a higher carbon 13/carbon 12 ratio than on earth. That proves that the glycine found on the comet was from outer space, which proves the theory that the ingredients for life originated in outer space.
The glycine that was found on the comet could have originated from inside the comet when UV light hit the molecular precursors and caused them to react forming the amino acid. Researchers have concluded that this provides some of the best evidence that the precursors for life may have originated from outer space.
# Panspermia/a critique of Panspermia—true or false?

(Review Paper) Cited in Panspermia/a critique of Panspermia—true or false?

### Points Made

For the theory of Panspermia to be true the organisms must first leap from their hosting planets onto a carrier with a similar environment as the planet of origin. Then the cells must reach the earth before the harmful cosmic rays can kill them. Then survive entering the Earth's atmosphere and the impact of landing. No host that is capable of fitting the above requirements is in existence, therefore Panspermia cannot be possible.

### Methods

Nasa has been collecting matter from within our own atmosphere as well as large amounts of terrestrial dust..

### Results

With the dust that NASA found, it was concluded that the particles from the dust in our atmosphere originated on Earth. This proves that Panspermia is invalid.
# Panspermia/a critique of PANSPERMIA ACCORDING TO HOYLE

(Review Paper) Cited in Panspermia/a critique of PANSPERMIA ACCORDING TO HOYLE

### Comets Bring Microbial Life

The Hoyle-Wickramasinghe panspermia theory proposes that life on earth was originated approximately 4 billion years ago by comets containing microbial life. Some of the microorganisms continue to be found. Nowadays Panspermia is considered as a serious alternative to life being originated solely on earth.

### Methods

Research demonstrated that bacteria can survive the extreme conditions that it endures on space. It can withstand radiation as well as extremely low temperatures. During the 1970’s inorganic dust had properties identical to particles of bacterial composition. These bacteria were primarily found in interstellar dust and can trace the origin of some particles on earth. Replication of these particles is not possible in the interstellar environment; Therefore Hoyle-Wickramasinghe suggested then that microbial life follows the amplification process that stars, comets and planetary systems go through on the cosmic life cycle. Comets are then considered to amplify microbial life during this life cycle that can last a few billion years. .

### Results

Microbial life on earth can be dated back to around 3.8 billion years (3.8 Gy) when comets and asteroid were bombarding the earth. This microbial life can be found or earth in new habitats such as geothermal vents, ocean floor, radioactive dumps and Antartic soil. The microorganisms recovered from the Earth’s crust prove that microbial life can survive the pressure of the ocean depths. Recent discoveries continue to support that microbial life was transferred in the cosmic life cycle and therefore transferred to earth.
# Papers/Bacteria/Swarming

Social Interactions in Myxobacterial Swarming
# Panspermia/a critique of Stardust Findings -Implications for Panspermia

(Review Paper) Cited in Panspermia/a critique of Stardust Findings -Implications for Panspermia

### Microorganisms Potentially formed from Hot and Cold Stardust

If microorganisms are successful in surviving the extreme "mixing" process of early solar nebula and lands on earth, then life is already present in the material.

### Methods

In January 2004 a spaceship called Stardust flew through a comet and collected cometary dust..

### Results

The cometary dust was analyzed and it was discovered that some of the dust such as Olivine, Calcium Aluminum Inclusions (CAIs), were formed at high temperatures (above 2000 K); and other dust particles, such as Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), were formed in low temperatures (below 40 K). This concludes that "mixing" may have occurred between the hottest and coldest regions of the solar nebula, which could have potentially created microorganisms..
# WikiU Film School Point System

Wikiversity Film School Point System
New policy
Before, the disks were free. Now we loan you the disks if you promise to return each disk in one month. (December 2007)
Editing Workshops from the Star Movie Shop
Disks available on loan
Now that the Star Movie Shop no longer sells these disks to the public, your instructor can loan you these disks once you have enough points (which means once you have completed the previous lessons.)
"Follow Dave" Editing Workshop CD
This disk is a complete introduction to editing a dramatic scene. This editing workshop disk was created 10 years ago so it works on older computers. The introductory movie explains all the theory of dramatic film editing in just 11 minutes. This disk is aimed at high school students so it is a bit dorky.
"24 Unedited Scenes" DVD-Data disk
This disk contains 24 unedited dramatic scenes from old and forgotten television dramas. The dailies are QuickTime movies which are 320 by 240 pixels at 24 frames per second. Half of the scenes on the disk are interesting. This disk is for film majors who need additional film editing practice. Also, this disk is for film students who want to see what happens during the filming of a dramatic scene. Download these two additional supplemental instruction pages for two of the scenes. Taking Notes - 1.0 MB & Morning Coffee - 0.5 MB (pdf)
"Hearing Voices"
A DVD-Video disk editing workshop containing short scene good for editing class demonstrations. Full size DV footage.
"Fireworks Display"
A DVD-Video disk editing workshop which covers all of the theory of "L-Cuts". This is extremely educational but a bit boring.
"Home Wrecker"
This is a technology demonstration which is used in the film scoring class. It has a really boring scene which needs music to explain what is happening and to make the scene come alive.
"Green Tea Smoothie
Two practice scenes in film scoring.
The loan system
Disks available for loan
Once you have earned enough points, I can loan you copies of their disks. After one month, you must return the disks. (Note: None of the disks is copy protected.)
The exception: For students in countries which require registered mail, I will send you a couple disks at a time therefore you have more time to complete the assignments.
Students, before I send you the necessary disks:
1. You must convince me that you are serious about learning film making, film editing, or film scoring. (Earning lots of points helps tremendously.)
2. You promise to return the disk in one month.
This is only a loan!!!! :
# Wiki Campus Radio/Active audio stream/2009-10-31

Suggested playlist for Oct 31st Podcast...

### From Network

| Item | Item Length | Show time | VT extant |
| TONE | ? | ? | Yes |
| FADE (Into): Wiki Campus Radio Playin | ? | ? | ? |
| VO: This is Wiki Campus Radio! | ? | ? | ? |

### Playlist

| Item | Item Length | Show time | VT extant |
| SFX: Violin | ? | ? | ? |
| Danse Macarbe | 6:46 | ? | |
| VO: The music you have been listening to is "Camille Saint-Saëns, Danse Macabre, Opus 40 in G minor". Originally composed in 1874, This arrangment and computer generated performance by Kevin Macleod, Available at Incomptech.com | ? | ? | ? |
| VO: This IS Wiki Campus Radio on Halloween 2009 | ? | ? | ? |
| VO Tonight we present a selection of tales and music, | ? | ? | ? |
| VO and hope you enjoy <laugh> what we provide. | ? | ? | ? |
| VO We begin with the tale of the Judge's House | ? | ? | ? |
| -The Judge’s House by Bram Stoker (Librivox)– 00:44:04 | 00:44:04 | ? | |
| Laura by Saki | 00:12:22 | | |
| VO: The Chamber from The Dark World Collection by Kevin Macleod (available at incomptech.com) | 1:54 | | |
| PSA : Condemned buildings Keep Out! | ? | ? | ? |
| VO: This is Wiki Campus Radio... | ? | ? | ? |
| Schalken the Painter by J. Sheridan Le Fanu | 00:50:27 | | |
| VO: Music is Chromatic Fantasia (Bach BWV 930)- Originally Composed in ??? - This arrangement and performance by Kevin Macleod and available at (Incomptech.com) | 6:41 | ? | |
| PSA : Be seen in the dark... | ? | ? | ? |
| VO : This is Wiki Campus Radio | ? | ? | ? |
| The Trial for Murder by Charles Dickens (Librivox) | 00:29:14 | ? | ? |
| Phantasmagoria by Lewis Carroll (Librivox) | 00:28:56 | ? | ? |
# Wiki Campus Radio/Active audio stream

Greetings!
Perhaps you have some original content that you've recorded, or some time to spend on a live chat session. Maybe you have something like a Linux server running a VoiP service like Asterisk or something of that nature. Charley just isn't coming through as we hoped he would with his Across the Wikiverse practicum. The free 12-bar blues lesson was OK, but it's going to take a lot more Wikiversity original content to get this network up and running. Maybe you can help!

## Excuse board

Please explain why Wikiversity has no audio resource network, no production capability and no clue how to get something so simple up and running. Add your excuse here:
    I still don't have the equipment! I live in the woods off the grid and I only log in when I come to town and borrow a computer. I've been waiting nine years for this. Soon the county will be running a fiber-optic connection out my way, perhaps as early as June of 2016! Won't that be cool? CQ (discuss • contribs) 15:49, 13 March 2016 (UTC)
# Wiki Campus Radio/Active audio stream/11-11
## Playlist for material to air around Armistice/Veterans Day

Important Owing to the complexities that have arisen in confirming the status of works in relation to this, it is unlikely that the planned play-list will air this year, development work can however continue.
(For sensitivity reasons this cannot actually air on Armistice/Vetrans Day Nov 11th(Tuesday) or Nov 16th (Sunday) but at some time during that period..)

## Rotational (General idea)

"* <Continuity - Editorial> : " The material presented in the playlist, is an attempt by Wiki Campus Radio, in conjunction with other projects and contributors, to present a collection of material, representative and respectful of content and issues surrounding The Great War of 1914-1918 (and other military conflicts more generally).
Because the issue of The Great War and military conflicts remain a sensitive issue for many (including contributors), care was taken in trying to present an appropriate collection of material respectfully. For this reason, the choice of content presented may appear to have an unintended bias or prove controversial to some.
It should also be noted that some material commonly associated with similar programming by other broadcasters could not be included for copyright reasons.
In presenting the material included, WikiCast hopes that the material presented , as well as contextually appropriate. <insert Note about contact details here?> "
* A general summary of the relevant History (ideally this should be presented in an NPOV manner) but should not nessacrily downplay
anything provided it remains respectful.
* A selection of War Poets - (If needed some semi religous works could be used to intersperse these)
(NB At some point suitable National Anthems may be included... If they can be found)
* Appropriate music of the period.(This can include patriotic tunes if relevant).

## To Network

* The playout to network, ideally should be a respectful one, encouraging listeners to pause for thought about the issues
raised in the programming
# Wiki 101/Blue link

Don't you just love a blue link? This page was created as an example for Wiki 101. The Red link page is protected to prevent it from being created.
# Portuguese Language/Verbs

to be: SER (as in "I am a boy - eu sou um rapaz) this verb indicates something permanent Present simple conjugation:
    Eu Sou
    Tu És
    Ele/Ela É
    Nós Somos
    Vós Sois
    Eles/Elas São
to be: ESTAR (as in "I am at the cinema" - eu estou no cinema) this verb indicates something temporary Present simple conjugation:
    Eu estou
    Tu estás
    Ele/Ela está
    Nós estamos
    Vós estais
    Eles/Elas estão
Note that vós is no longer in use by any Portuguese speakers. Tu is used only in Portugal between very close family members, or friends. Portuguese still uses the future subjunctive tense, unique amongst other Romance languages.
# Portuguese Language/Orthography

This thing is a regular keyboard layout, except that with Alt key on Mac or Alt Gr key on Windows it lets you type all these nice characters seamlessly.
Just type Alt+T, and you get a ™. Everyday things are apostrophe (Alt + '), quotes (Alt + < >), em-dash (Alt + -) and en-dash (Alt + Shift + -). Other stuff is intended to be not so hard to remember if you use it. For example, Alt+v is for ↓ , since the letter ‘v’ looks somewhat like arrow pointing down. Alt+A is ≈ for approximately, Alt+S is § for section. Guess why Alt+8 is ∞ and Alt+R is ®. Alt+Shift+A is ⌘. So, you get the idea.
The layout also supports many kinds of diacritics, so you can type words like naïve or café and have fun. On the picture above (see full image for Mac or full image for Windows) the diacritical keys are printed on a beige background, e.g. acute is on / and diaeresis is on : .
To type character é, you first press Alt + Shift + / (this kind of means “enter acute mode”), then press e. To type ï, press Alt + Shift + : , then press i. Not every character has a version with every possible accent. For example, there is no letter v with circumflex. In case you want to use such a character, you need to use combining diacritics. Press v and then Alt + Shift + ^ twice. You can hold Alt + Shift and double press ^ .
The best way to understand how it works is to play with it. But please note that many applications do not support combining diacritics, so whether you can use them or not is more or less question of your luck :-)
# Portuguese Language/Alphabet

The following table represents the 26 letters of the Portuguese alphabet together their names in Portuguese:
| Letter | Name in portuguese |
| A,a | á |
| B,b | bê |
| C,c | cê |
| D,d | dê |
| E,e | é |
| F,f | efe |
| G,g | gê |
| H,h | agá |
| I,i | i |
| J,j | jota |
| K,k (1) | cá or capa |
| L,l | ele |
| M,m | eme |
| N,n | ene |
| O,o | ó |
| P,p | pê |
| Q,q | quê |
| R,r | erre |
| S,s | esse |
| T,t | tê |
| U,u | u |
| V,v | vê |
| W,w (1) | duplo vê or dâblio |
| X,x | xis |
| Y,y (1) | ípsilon or "i" grego (greek "i") |
| Z,z | zê |
(1) These letters are currently included in the alphabet.
The blow list shows a rough pronunciation guide (in Brazilian Portuguese):
a = "ah" b = "beh" c = "say" d = "day" e = "ay" f = "efi" g = "g" h = "aga" i = "ee" j = "jota" k = "ka" (not used in Portuguese) l = "eli" m = "emi" n = "eni" o = "o" (not a dipthong) p = "pay" q = "cu" r = "ede" or "ehe" s = "essay" t = "tay" u = "oo" v = "vay" w = "doble you" x = "sheez" y = "ipsilon" z = "zed"
# Portuguese Language/Introduction

Welcome to your first Portuguese lesson.

## Basic phrases and words part 1

| I | eu |
| yes | sim |
| no | não |
| you | você (1), tu (5) |
| hi | oi (2) |
| hello | olá (2) |
| goodbye | adeus, tchau (3) |
| My name is... | Meu nome é... (4) |
| My name is Fred. | Meu nome é Fred. |
| What is your name? (How are you called?) | Como você se chama?/Qual é o seu nome? |
1 - Common in Brazilian Portuguese. Formal use in European Portuguese.
2 - Very informal. Use it only with people you are very familiar with. The Portuguese are formal and will judge you accordingly, but are usually happier when communicating.
3 - "Tchau" is too informal. "Adeus" means goodbye, but in a more definitive, final fashion, when you don't expect to see each other until the next day, for a long time, or even still alive; keep it for those occasions. Use the less final "até já" (see you right away), "até logo" (see you later [today]), "até à próxima" (until a next time) or the formal "foi um prazer" (it was a pleasure [being with you]).
4 - Unusual phrase construction, use the next formulation below.
5 - Only in some Brazilian regions (i.e. gaúchos from South).
: The sounds with European Portuguese accent. HolyZarkon 22:11, 30 April 2007 (UTC)

## Basic phrases and words part 2

| English | European and African variant | American variant (Brazil) |
| Good morning | Bom dia |
| Good afternoon | Boa tarde |
| Good evening | Boa noite• |
| Good night | Boa noite• |
| How are you? | Como estás? | Como vai? |
| I'm fine, thank you | (Estou) bem, obrigado. |
| Where is a bank? | Onde há um banco? | Onde tem um banco?(1) |
| Where can I get a bus? | Onde posso apanhar um autocarro? | Onde posso pegar ônibus? |
| Where should I step down from the train? | Onde devo sair do comboio? | Onde devo descer do trem? |
| When will it open? / When will you open? | Quando abre? |
| When will it close? / When will you close? | Quando fecha? |
| A coffee, please. | Um café, por favor. |
| How much is it? | Quanto é?/Quanto custa? |
| Thank you very much. | Muito obrigado. |
| You're welcome. | Não tem de quê. | De nada. (Also in the European and African variant.) |
* - In Portuguese, you should say "Boa noite! when you are complimenting or leaving a place for example. It is only important to keep in mind that you have got to use "Boa noite" only at evening or night.
1 - This form is used specifically in oral speech. The appropriate written form is: "Onde há um banco?"
The sounds with European Portuguese accent. HolyZarkon 22:09, 30 April 2007 (UTC)
# Portuguese Language/Grammar

Times and Aspects There are, in Portuguese, three tenses and several aspects, namely:
* Present, which expresses frequent or commonplace actions.
* Past tense, expressing actions completed in the past, being divided into:
** Imparfect tense, unfinished actions;
** Perfect tense, finished actions;
** Plusperfect preterit, action prior to an already finished one;
* Future, which expresses specific actions that will occur in the future, being divided into:
** Future of the present, actions that will be performed;
** Future of the past, actions that could be performed.
In Portuguese, verbs are divided into six modes, according to what they express:
* Indicative, to express facts taken for granted (certainty);
* Conjunctive or subjunctive, to express suppositions (possibility);
* Imperative, to express instructions (order, request, advice);
* Conditional, to express conditions (usually based on assumptions);
* Infinitive, verbal forms that do not express anything autonomous, being divided into:
** Personal infinitive, in which each form corresponds to a person;
** Impersonal infinitive, where the form names its verb;
Periphrastic conjugation The periphrastic conjugation refers to non-tenses — let's call it that because, although it is grammatically correct to use any of the forms below, these are not tenses in our grammar.
We can use the periphrastic conjugation to express the following meanings:
* Need - ter de + infinitive ;
* Certainty - haver de + infinitive ;
* Intent - estar para + infinitive ;
* Future realization - verb ir in the present indicative + infinitive of the main verb;
* Close fulfillment - verb estar in the present tense + a + infinitive or verb estar in the present tense + gerund;
* Gradual realization - verb ir in the present tense + gerund;
* Simultaneous event(1) - verb ir in the imperfect tense of the indicative + a + infinitive;
* Simultaneous event(2) - verb estar in the imperfect tense of the indicative + a + infinitive;
* Probability or duty - verb dever in the present tense + infinitive;
* Advice or reflection - verb dever in the imperfect preterite of the indicative + infinitive;