# Petroleum engineering

Welcome to the department of petroleum engineering!
Petroleum Engineering is involved in the exploration and production activities of petroleum as an upstream end of the energy sector. Upstream, refers to the source of the petroleum, the petroleum deposit, usually buried deep beneath the earth's surface supplying flow to consumers as a river supplies the ocean. The diverse topics covered by petroleum engineering are closely related to the earth sciences. Petroleum engineering topics include economics, geology, geochemistry, geomechanics, geophysics, oil drilling, geopolitics, knowledge management, seismology, team building, team work, tectonics, thermodynamics, well logging, well completion, oil and gas production, reservoir development, and pipelining.
It is an increasingly technical profession that involves procuring reserves from places that predecessors deemed too difficult or not economic with the technology of the day or commodity prices. The use of high technology equipment, high speed computers, innovative materials, team management philosophies, statistics, probability analysis, and knowledge management, is usually coupled with the reality of only indirect measurement of most essential facts due to being buried under miles of earth. As such engineers must sometimes develop new techniques from one source to another, and one look at the number of patents held for use in the industry is testimony to the highly technical nature of this field.
As mistakes may be measured in millions of dollars, petroleum engineers are held to a high standard. Deepwater operations can arguably be compared to space travel in terms of technical challenges. Arctic conditions and conditions of extreme heat have to be contended with. High Temperature and High Pressure (HTHP) environments that have become increasingly commonplace in today's operations require the petroleum engineer to be savvy in topics as wide ranging as thermohydraulics, geomechanics, and intelligent systems.
Petroleum engineers must implement high technology plans with the use of manpower, highly coordinated and often in dangerous conditions. The drilling rig crew and machines they use become the remote partner of the petroleum engineer in implementing every drilling program. Understanding and accounting for the issues and communication challenges of building these teams remain just as vital to the petroleum engineer as ever.
The Society of Petroleum Engineers is the largest professional society for petroleum engineers and is a good source of information. Petroleum engineering education is available at dozens of universities in the United States and throughout the world - primarily in oil producing states - but not only top producers.
Petroleum engineers have historically been one of the highest paid engineering disciplines; this is offset by a tendency for mass layoffs when oil prices decline. Petroleum engineering offers a challenging blend of earth sciences, geology, operations, politics, advanced mathematics and the opportunity to risk massive amounts of money. The rewards for successful engineers range from high paying jobs to the opportunities to start oil companies.

## Subtopics

Petroleum engineers divide themselves into several types:
* Reservoir engineers work to optimize production of oil and gas via proper well placement, production levels, and enhanced oil recovery techniques.
* Drilling engineers manage the technical aspects of drilling both production and injection wells.
* Subsurface engineers (also known as completion engineers) manage the interface between the reservoir and the well, including perforations, sand control, artificial lift, downhole flow control, and downhole monitoring equipment.
* Production engineers monitor existing wells and work to balance production with the life of the well
* Petroleum refining that converts crude oil and natural gas to a variety of fuels, lubricants and petrochemical products

## Learning materials

* Introduction to petroleum engineering
* Introduction to petroleum Refining

## Learning projects

Natural gas engineering

## Wikimedia

* w: Corrected d-exponent
* w: Petroleum engineering
* w: Department of Petroleum Engineering and Applied Geophysics, NTNU
* w: University of Tehran, Department of Mining Engineering
* w: Reservoir engineering
* w: Effective Porosity
* w: Petroleum Institute
* w: Drilling engineers
* w: Petroleum
* w: Petroleum engineering
* w: Petroleum industry
* w: Liquefied petroleum gas
* w: Petroleum geology
* w: Petroleum product
* w: Iraq Petroleum Company
* w: Petroleum geologist
* w: Price of petroleum
* w: Petroleum coke