OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Physics equations/06-Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation/A:device

Date: / / Course: Phy2400 Last, First name: ___________________________ __________
Other members of your group:

## Lab on uniform circular motion

* Each student should do his or her own write-up to be handed in at the end of today's lab period. If an investigation requires more than one lab period, you will hand in a separate writeup for each lab.
* The labs will be graded on a Satisfactory/Unsatisfactory basis. Unsatisfactory labs will be returned, but may be resubmitted with no penalty.
* Labs are more fun if you have control over procedures. You may take liberties with your investigation, provided it is focused on this topic, and provided it is not an attempt to study material for this or any other course. If any member of your group violates this, please intervene.
* Work in groups to derive the formula for uniform circular motion: a=v$^2$/r. Carefully define each term.
* Make a hand-drawn sketch of the centripetal force device, in both 'static' and 'rotating mode'. In static mode, the spring is opposed by a 'hanging weight'. It is very important that in both 'static' and 'rotating mode', the 'support rod' and string be at exactly 90 degrees. Place the 'positioning rod' just below the lower tip of the rotating mass. Label the following items: rotating mass hanging mass support rod counter weight orbital radius spring
* In 'static mode', measure the following parameters, and record their values in SI units. Include an uncertainty for each measurement.: rotating mass hanging mass radius of orbit counter weight orbital radius spring
* In 'rotating mode', measure the period of orbit, T. Perform this measurement using at least two different procedures, and for each procedure make at least three measurements. For example a minimal effort might involve:
** Time to make one revolution, measured three times.
** Time to make 10 revolutions, measured three times.
* From our data, select a value of period, T, and use that to calculate the speed of the mass.
* Use the measured radius of orbit and speed to calculate the centripetal acceleration, a=v$^2$/r.
* Use the measured rotating mass to deduce the centripetal force, F$_C$=m$_{rot}$a
* Use the concept of weight and the value of the hanging mass to calculate the tension in the spring, F$_S$=m$_{hang}$g
* Calculate the % difference between F$_C$ and F$_S$ using two procedures:
** (Big-Small)/Average
** Big/Small - 1
# Physics equations/04-Dynamics: Force and Newton's Laws/Q:forces

* Solutions to many wikiquiz questions (pdf)
* Physics_equations/Equations#04-Dynamics:_Force_and_Newton.27s_Laws
* Testbank
# Physics equations/06-Uniform Circular Motion and Gravitation/A:history
#### Newton's law of universal gravitation

Newton published this in 1687, his knowledge of the numerical value of the gravitational constant was a crude estimate. For our purposes, it can be conveniently state as follows :
    ${\vec {F}}_{12}=-G{m_{1}m_{2} \over {\vert {\vec {r}}_{12}\vert }^{2}}\,{\hat {r}}_{12}{\mbox{ where }}G\approx 6.674\times 10^{-11}\ {\mbox{m}}^{3}\ {\mbox{kg}}^{-1}\ {\mbox{s}}^{-2}$
Solution:
    ${\vec {F}}_{12}$ is the force applied on object 2 due to object 1
    $G$ is the gravitational constant
    $m_{1}$ and $m_{2}$ are respectively the masses of objects 1 and 2
    $\vert {\vec {r}}_{12}\vert \ =\vert {\vec {r}}_{2}-{\vec {r}}_{1}\vert$ is the distance between objects 1 and 2
    ${\hat {r}}_{12}\ {\stackrel {\mathrm {def} }{=}}\ {\frac {\mathbf {r} _{2}-\mathbf {r} _{1}}{\vert \mathbf {r} _{2}-\mathbf {r} _{1}\vert }}$ is the unit vector from object 1 to 2
(Note: the minus sign is a complexity that is often ignored in simple calculations. Don't fuss with minus signs unless you have to.)
Since the magnitude of the unit vector is "one" $(|{\hat {r}}_{12}|=1)$, the unit vector vanishes when we take the magnitude of both sides of the equation to get:
$F_{12}=G{\frac {m_{1}m_{2}}{r_{12}^{2}}}$.

#### Weight and the acceleration of gravity

The force of gravity is called weight, ${\vec {w}}$, If one of two masses greatly exceeds the other, it is convenient to refer to the smaller mass, (e.g.stone held held by person) as the test mass, $m_{0}$. A vastly more massive body (e.g. Earth or Moon) can be referred to as the central body, with a mass equal to $m_{C}$. It is convenient to express the magnitude of the weight ($w=|{\vec {w}}|$) as,
$w=F=G{\frac {m_{0}m_{C}}{r^{2}}}=m_{0}g$,
where $g=Gm_{C}/r^{2}$ is called the acceleration of gravity (or gravitational acceleration). Near Earth's surface, ${\vec {g}}=$ is nearly uniform and equal to 9.8 m/s$^2$. In general the gravitational acceleration is a vector field, meaning that it depends on location, g = g(r) or even location and time, g = g(r,t).

#### Gravity as a vector field

under construction
* define the vector field for a single massive point object
* make analogy to magnetic field as that which causes a torque on a magnet
* mention temperature and wind velocity fields in meteorology
* perhaps mention the need for vector calculus on a spherical object (problem solved by Newton, I think)

#### How G was actually measured

under construction: keep it brief and include an image and a reference to good wikipedia article
* ↑ https://en.wikibooks.org/w/index.php?title=Physics_with_Calculus/Mechanics/Newton%27s_Law_of_Gravitation_and_Weight&oldid=1571974
# Physics equations/04-Dynamics: Force and Newton's Laws/Q:sled

* Solutions to many wikiquiz questions (pdf)
* Physics_equations/Equations#04-Dynamics:_Force_and_Newton.27s_Laws
* Testbank
# Physics equations/04-Dynamics: Force and Newton's Laws/Q:sled/Testbank

Study: http://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Physics_equations/Sheet/All_chapters
# Physics equations/05-Friction, Drag, and Elasticity

Q:thirdLaw
# Stars/Sun/Neutrinos/Lecture/Quiz

Solar neutrinos is a lecture from the radiation astronomy department on the neutrinos originating from the solar octant.
You are free to take this quiz based on solar neutrinos at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{stars resources}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* Even with the limited directionality of the neutrino data, it should be possible to decide between the solar core and the solar corona as the most likely source of neutrinos from the solar octant.
# Stars/Sun/Heliospheres/Quiz

Heliospheres is a lecture from the radiation astronomy department that describes the heliosphere around the Sun.
This quiz which you are free to take at any time is based on this lecture.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{stars resources}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* The center of the Sun could still be made of iron and be the source of the global magnetic field.
# Stars/Sun/Solar binary/Quiz

Solar binary is a lecture and an article for an original research project focussed on a possible origin of the solar system. It is part of the astronomy course on the principles of radiation astronomy.
You are free to take this quiz based on solar binary at any time.
To improve your score, read and study the lecture, the links contained within, listed under See also, External links, and in the {{principles of radiation astronomy}} template. This should give you adequate background to get 100 %.
As a "learning by doing" resource, this quiz helps you to assess your knowledge and understanding of the information, and it is a quiz you may take over and over as a learning resource to improve your knowledge, understanding, test-taking skills, and your score.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
To master the information and use only your memory while taking the quiz, try rewriting the information from more familiar points of view, or be creative with association.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* Questions can be used to pin down the original second star in the solar binary.
# Stars/Sun/Solar cycles/Quiz

At right is a montage of ten years' worth of Yohkoh SXT images, demonstrating the variation in solar activity during a sunspot cycle, from after August 30, 1991, to September 6, 2001.
Solar cycles is a lecture about the solar cycles of the Sun.
You are free to take this quiz based on the lecture at any time.
To improve your score feel free to read the lecture Solar cycles, See also, External links and the various links included in the {{stars resources}} template.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* The solar cycle has its origin in the impinging electrons coming in from the various planets.
# Stars/Sun/Quiz

Sun is a lecture about an entity, source, and/or object observed on or near the surface of the Sun with radiation astronomy.
You are free to take this quiz based on the Sun at any time.
Once you've read and studied it, the links contained within, and listed under See also, External links, you should have adequate background to score 100 %. You are always free to have a look at additional resources in the {{stars resources}} template.
Suggestion: Have the lecture available in a separate window.
Enjoy learning by doing!

## Hypotheses

* The portion of the Sun generally the focus of various radiation astronomies has its heat origin from impinging electrons.
# The Role of Manganese As a Controller of Gold Mineralization/Introduction

The San José de Las Malezas deposit is located within the Structural-Facial Zone (S.F.Z.) "Zaza", in the province of Villa Clara in Central Cuba. This S.F.Z. is composed of (i) a volcano-sedimentary complex of Lower Cretaceous age (Turonian) located to the South, (ii) the Ochoa Formation composed of limestones and marls of the Eocene in discordant contact to the North, and (iii) the Zurrapandilla Complex, composed of diabasic porphyries, spilites, gabbro diabase, gabbro diabase porphyries, and other gabbroic rocks that cut both described complexes (Cabrera and Tolkunov, 1979). Within the S.F.Z. "Zaza" and in tectonic contact with the volcano-sedimentary complex are serpentinitic bodies, that form a large massif with an east-west massif. These intrusions form part of the Central Cuban Ophiolitic Belt of the Upper Cretaceous, and they are commonly interpreted as the remains of an ancient oceanic crust.
These serpentinites are massive, crushed, light green rocks, with a reticular structure due to the uneven distribution of chrysolite and antigorite, and the presence of metallic minerals, such as magnetite, chromite and spinel. This mineralogical composition, suggests that the original rock was a harzburgite, however the original texture has been completely erased. The serpentinites are frequently cut by diabasic, microdiabasic and porphyritic diabasic dikes from the Zurrapandilla Complex.
A more detailed geological description of the region and the outcrop, including maps and cross-sections, appears elsewhere (Valls Álvarez, 1995a)
In this paper we will study the formation and evolution of manganese minerals within these serpentinites and their relationship with gold mineralization.
# The Role of Manganese As a Controller of Gold Mineralization/Acknowledgements

The initial sampling and analytical programmes were carried out by the author and his colleague Jorge Cruz Martín in 1986, during the preparation of a project for the detail survey of the San José de Las Malezas deposit for the Geological Enterprise "Santa Clara" in Cuba. The Provincial Laboratory associated to the Geological Enterprise “Santa Clara” provided the analysis of the samples, including the determination of fluorine by a technique designed by the Bulgarian specialist Lazarina Lazarova Ignátova.
I wish to thank Dr. W. Trzcienski for his suggestions and discussions during the preparation of this paper, and also to Dr. Christopher Brooks and Dr. Alex Brown for their review and criticism. I want also to thank Dr. Chris Gammons in particular for his support and guidance, and also for his fair and constructive criticism. Finally, from the big community of the INTERNET, I specially thank Margaret Donelick of the O.D.P. Project and dr. P.J. Kenney from the British Geological Survey for their comments and suggestions on the nature and composition of the slabs fluids.
Special THANKS to Andrew Whitworth for donating his time and his effort in uploading this paper here.
# The Role of Manganese As a Controller of Gold Mineralization/Conclusions and Recommendations

Based on the information available up to this moment, a model has been presented to explain the geochemical characteristics of the ore distribution in the San José de Las Malezas gold-quartz vein deposit, in Santa Clara, Cuba.
This model describes the serpentinization of an ultramafic protrusion, which is later obducted onto the surface to form part of an ophiolitic complex. Special attention has been given to the formation and evolution of different manganese minerals during the serpentinization of the host rocks. The model helps to explain the negative correlation between gold and manganese over the serpentinites.
It has been suggested elsewhere the possibility of a partial melting process of this ultramafic body before its protrusion. This process could have provoked the formation of a gold enriched zone due to the gravitational separation of this mineral. Although the partial melting of these rocks is possible, this idea needs to be tested in the future. The existence of a gold enriched zone in the serpentinites will not only help to explain the remobilization of gold in the hydrothermal-metasomatic fluid, but also it could become a prospecting objective in the area.
After the obduction, the area was affected by hydrothermal-metasomatic fluids along the developed tectonic system. The origin of these fluids is yet to be determined, but due to the presence of H$_2$CO$_3$, H$_4$SiO$_4$, and H$_2$S, it is possible to suggest a magmatic or magmatic-slab origin in preference to a pure slab source.
These fluids reactivated the serpentinization of the host rocks, and provoked the formation of a listwaenitic zone toward the less altered serpentinites. The model assumes that gold was leached from the serpentinites by the fluids and considers two mechanisms for its transportation. The first one is the mechanical transportation of thin scales of native gold by the fluid. This may explain the existence of a gold enrichment zone in the iron-altered serpentinites. The second mechanism is the transportation of gold as thio-complexes and its precipitation in the siliceous zone due to a decrease in pH and/or an increment of the fO$_2$ provoked by the formation of galena, massicot or other lead minerals (chrochoite?), and the loss of temperature due to the mixing of the fluids with meteoric waters.
The same conditions of pH, fO$_2$, and loss of temperature in the siliceous zone, provoked the precipitation of copper, lead, zinc, arsenic and silver from the fluid, and the formation of copper and lead-zinc minerals in the contact of the quartz bodies with the crushed host rocks.
Although this model can presently explain all the known characteristics of the distribution of gold and other ores in this deposit, I am not presenting it as uncontroversial model, but as a working hypothesis to formulate what needs to be tested in future studies.
# The Role of Manganese As a Controller of Gold Mineralization/Cover

The Role of Manganese as a Controller for Gold Mineralization in the Serpentinites of the San José de las Malezas Gold-Quartz Deposit in Santa Clara,Villa Clara, Cuba.
Ricardo A. Valls
Valls Geoconsultant
vallsvg@gmail.com
# The Role of Manganese As a Controller of Gold Mineralization/Licensing
## Licenses

This book is released under the following licenses:
In addition, the original uploaded version of this book is also released under the following license:
# Web technologies/2014-2015/Laboratory 13
## Web Service using REST API

Create a simple RESTful web services that accepts artifacts and stores them based on their id. The web service should have the following structure:
| Methods | Resource | Description |
| GET | /store/api/v1.0/artifacts | returns a list of artifacts as well as their associated id |
| GET | /store/api/v1.0/artifacts/{id} | returns information about the file (date, location on disk) |
| POST | /store/api/v1.0/artifact/{id} | accepts as payload the artifact itself (uploads it to the service) |
| DELETE | /store/api/v1.0/artifact/{id} | delete artifact with the current id |
| GET | /store/api/v1.0/artifacts/{id}/fetch | returns the file itself |

### Features:

* You can use whatever technology you deem necessary (Flask, NodeJS, Jersey, Java Servlets etc.)
* All responses should be in JSON format (except when the item is returned)
* HTTP Status codes should be appropriate to the given context
* Artefacts should be stored on the computer file systems and renamed to the id used in the resource
** If the directory is does not exist the service should create it
** BONUS: How would you modify the resource structure so that artifacts could be grouped or versioned?
* BONUS: Because you could never trust user input think on how you can verify if the file name is in a certain format (using predefined web platform methods is allowed).

### Links:

* Flask documentation
* Jersey
* NodeJS
Gabriel Iuhasz, 2016-12-12, iuhasz.gabriel@e-uvt.ro
# Web technologies/2014-2015/Laboratory 11
## LDAP

The Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) is an application protocol for quering directory services over TCP/IP.
A directory service is a software that stores/organises/handles access to the information stored inside a directory.
An LDAP session is started by connecting to an LDAP server (Directory System Agent - DSA) on the default TCP port 389.
LDAP is based on a simple information tree called the directory information tree (DIT) whose leafs are entry data.
An entry data has a Distinguished Name (DN) - a unique identifier - and any number of attribute/value pairs. A DN could look as follows: dn: uid=john,ou=info,o=university.com, where uid, ou and o represent mnemonics.
Example of mnemonics include:
* o - Organization
* ou - Organizational unit
* cn - Common name
* sn - Surname
* givenname - First name
* uid - Userid
* dn - Distinguished name
* mail - Email address
NOTE: Some of them are also used when generating keys for signing jars.
IMPORTANT: A DN is not an attribute nor part of the entry
IMPORTANT: The path of a DN is read from right to left: thus in our example uid represents the Relative Distinguished Name (RDN) while ou and o represent the parent entry. (the hierarchy could look like: university.com/info/john)
IMPORTANT: The entry attribute/value pairs follow the DNs definition
An LDAP URL for direct access looks as follows: ldap://host:port/DN?attributes?scope?filter?extensions where:
* host - represents the host name
* port - represents the port value
* DN - represents the DN intended for query
* attribute - represents the needed attributes. They should be comma separated
* scope - represents the search scope. Can be: "base" (the default), "one" or "sub"
* filter - represents a search filter
* extensions - represent additions URL extensions
OpenLDAP is a free open-source implementation of the LDAP protocol. Its last version is as of Nov. 27th 2009: 2.4.20.
Links:
* Wiki LDAP

## JNDI

The Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) is a Java API for discovering and handling data inside a service directory. It can be regarded as an analogue for JDBC.
The current version is as of 2006 JNDI 1.2.
The steps required for accessing and quering an LDAP directory through JNDI are:
* Connect to the server
* Authenticate (bind) to the server
* Add/modify/delete/search entries
Objects can be stored in the database in the following ways:
* as Java objects themselves
* as a reference to the object
* as attributes
The following example shows these steps and stores data as a Java object :
Links:
* WIki JNDI
* Tutorial on JNDI and LDAP
* JNDI and OpenLDAP tutorial

## Exercises

* Install OpenLDAP
* The same exercise as in Laborator 9 but store the information inside an LDAP directory service not in a database.
# WikiJournal of Science/Issues/0

The zeroth issue of the WikiJournal of Science is for demonstration purposes. None of its articles have been subject to peer review. They were generated in 2016 under the name "Second Journal of Science". They have subsequently all been added as pre-prints to the list of articles awaiting reviewer.

## Quantum mechanics timeline

Author: Guy vandegrift Field: Physics
This article has been declined for publication by the WikiJournal user group.
It is archived below as a record. Discussion can be viewed here. update record on wikidata

## Introduction to quantum mechanics

Author: Parent article editors Field: Physics

## Abridged timeline of quantum mechanics

Author: Guy vandegrift and the parent article editors Field: Physics

## Eikonal Approximation and Classical Particle Motion

Author: Guy vandegrift Field: Physics
This article has been declined for publication by the WikiJournal user group.
It is archived below as a record. Discussion can be viewed here. update record on wikidata

## Astronomical spectroscopy

Author: Parent article editors Field: Physics
This article has been declined for publication by the WikiJournal user group.
It is archived below as a record. Discussion can be viewed here. update record on wikidata

## Alpha Centauri

Author: Parent article editors Field: Physics
# World War I -- Life Histories/Section 018

This project is associated with English 105i.018 at the University of North Carolina.

## Project

Using the archives at the University of North Carolina's Wilson Library, students examined the life of one individual connected to World War I. These individuals ranged from soldiers to activists to medical personnel and well beyond. Using primary sources such as diaries, letters, and memorabilia, students not only documented the life of these individuals, but also examined the social, political, and cultural contexts surrounding each individual's life during the war. Below are the links to the student projects.

## Life Histories

Special:Prefixindex/World War I -- Life Histories/Section 018/
# PlanetPhysics/Tetrahedron Representation of TQFT State
## TQFT state on an Euclidean tetrahedron:

(Please view this in the page image mode for the correct representation!)

### A graphical representation of the Topological Quantum Field (TQFT) State on the Tetrahedron

   \begin{pspicture}(-4,-1)(4,4) \psline[linecolor=blue,linewidth=0.04]{->}(-1.5,0)(0,-1.5) \psline[linecolor=blue,linewidth=0.04]{->}(0,-1.5)(3,0) \psline[linecolor=blue,linewidth=0.04]{->}(3,0)(0.5,3) \psline[linecolor=blue,linewidth=0.04]{->}(0.5,3)(-1.5,0) \rput(-1.7,0){2} \rput(0,-1.75){3} \rput(3.2,0){4} \rput(0.5,3.25){1} \psline[linecolor=blue,linewidth=0.04](0,-1.5)(0.5,3) \psline[linestyle=dashed](-1.5,0)(3,0) \end{pspicture}
Note: the $pstricks$ code for the graphics is as provided by pahio.