OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Computer Networks/Nslookup/Host

Nslookup is a command-line tool used to query a Domain Name System (DNS) server to obtain an IP address mapping or other DNS records. These activities will show you how to use the nslookup command to display host addresses.

## Preparation

To prepare for this activity:
* Start your operating system.
* Log in if necessary.

## Activity 1 - Observe DNS Settings

To observe DNS settings:
* Open a command prompt.
* Use ipconfig /all to display DNS settings.
* Observe the DNS Servers address values.

## Activity 2 - Display Host Addresses

To display host addresses:
* Type nslookup www.google.com and press Enter.
* Observe the server information. Notice the DNS server address matches one of the values listed for DNS Servers above.
* Observe the results. Notice that both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses are displayed. Google has assigned both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses to this host.
* Type nslookup ipv4.google.com and press Enter.
* Observe the results. Notice that only IPv4 addresses are displayed. Google has not assigned an IPv6 address to this host name.
* Type nslookup ipv6.google.com and press Enter.
* Observe the results. Notice that only IPv6 addresses are displayed. Google has not assigned an IPv4 address to this host name.

## Activity 3 - Use a Custom DNS Server

To use a custom DNS server:
* Type nslookup www.google.com 8.8.8.8 and press Enter.
* Observe the server information. Notice the DNS server address is 8.8.8.8.
* Type nslookup www.google.com 8.8.4.4 and press Enter.
* Observe the server information. Notice the DNS server address is 8.8.4.4.
* Close the command prompt to complete this activity.

## Readings

* Wikipedia: nslookup
# English-Chinese/He walked about the place, looking everywhere

He walked about the place, looking everywhere.
他走到这个地方，到处寻找。
# English-Chinese/Headache

A headache is the internal injury of the head. It can be caused by the follows:
* Fever
* Watching television or computer for a long time
* Tired
* Stress
* Neurological conditions
头痛是头部的内伤。 它可能由以下原因引起：
* 发热
* 长时间看电视或电脑
* 疲倦
* 压力
* 神经系统疾病
# English-Chinese/He was as big as a mountain

He was as big as a mountain.
他像山一样大。
# English-Chinese/He waved to draw attention to himself

He waved to draw attention to himself.
他挥挥手引起对自己的注意。
# English-Chinese/He put his mouth in the water and blew bubbles for a few seconds

He put his mouth in the water and blew bubbles for a few seconds.
他把嘴放在水里，然后吹泡泡几秒钟。
# English-Chinese/He stood alone in the black of the night

He stood alone in the black of the night.
他独自站在黑夜里。
# English-Chinese/He was number one across the board

He was number one across the board. Nobody was better.
他全面排名第一。 没人比较好。
# English-Chinese/He put an addition on the house

He put an addition on the house.
他在房子上增加了一个加建部分。
# English-Chinese/He put his hand over the cut to stop the flow of blood

He put his hand over the cut to stop the flow of blood.
他把手放在伤口上以阻止血液流出。
# English-Chinese/He worked in a gas station before he became famous

He worked in a gas station before he became famous.
在 他 成名 之前，他 在 加油站 工作。
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/Academic Writing/Medicine

* Nervous System: Basics
* Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/Academic Writing/Literature

* Aurora Venturini
* Senecan tragedy
* Ancient Egyptian literature: The Admonitions of Ipuwer
* Ancient Egyptian literature: The Tale of Two Brothers
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/Academic Writing/Journalism/Research Laboratory of Socio-Urban Bonds

The Laboratorio de Investigación de Lazos Socio-Urbanos (Research Laboratory of Socio-Urban Bonds, LILSU), is a unit of research founded in 2011 by an interdisciplinary group of teachers and researchers of the Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social de la Universidad Nacional de La Plata (Journalism and Social Communication College of La Plata National University).
The first project of the LILSU was a research about the construction and regeneration of socio-cultural bonds in urban spaces regarding two critical moments: the breakdown between the modern and post modern ages; and the collapse of the neo-liberal model that could be clearly materialized in the Argentinean uprising in 2001. Since 2006, this conceptual framework was the key for several research projects that took place in popular social clubs of town centers, the movement of self organized neighborhood groups (studied since 2010), and other public institutions such as social promotion centers, public libraries, cultural groups, meal centers and cooperatives.
In the last projects, the analysis of other breakdowns and interventions in urban territories was added, particularly in the cities of La Plata, Berisso and Ensenada. These are closely related to socio-political, economic and environmental crises. In that sense, the latter investigation is linked to the heavy storms that hit the entire city of La Plata in 2013, causing extensive floods and all kinds of damages. The main objective of this analysis is to dig into the effect that the flooding had on the construction and regeneration of the social network facing the lack of response from the local authorities and the problematic relationship between the national and provincial state.
Even when the LILSU has a specific object of study, its potentialities of research include an extensive area of priority knowledge for Social Sciences in general and Communication in particular, that is, to understand and explain the complexity of the urban net from its origins: the social bonds that weave it.
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/Academic Writing/Journalism

* Research Laboratory of Socio-Urban Bonds/
* Youth: a category under construction
# Escuela de Lenguas UNLP/Academic Writing/Journalism/Youth: a category under construction

From a communication/cultural perspective, the studies of young people have been continuously growing because of new teams of researchers interested on analysis of the youth and their context: senses, sociocultural process of identity and the way in which young people interpret the world.
There are new categorizations to describe young people that keep researchers distanced from some schools of thought and adhere to other. The category of youth appeals to a socio-historical construction: young people were constructed as visible actors in the cultural/political field, as producers of social scenarios and discourses.
There is a rule in modern studies of communication that says “there is not a single way to be a young woman or man”. We can think about youth as a category that tells us about a particular sociohistorical construction over an age range. When Bourdieu (2002) affirms that youth is not more than a word he is referring to the symbolic character of the category of youth. But the symbolic character of young people is not just a sign, it is a cultural construction: youth is more than a word.
Young people do not share the same way of insertion in the social structure, they have differential and unequal schemas. Sometimes the concept of “generation” is confusing because it marks a biological condition, the age of certain group. But now we study “generation” no longer from biology but from history.
The generation refers to the time when each individual is socialized. Each generation can be considered a part of a different cultural configuration: young people incorporate new codes and skills, languages and ways of perceiving and appreciating their world.
* ↑ Viviani, Tomás (2012). Informe Anual 2012 Observatorio de Jóvenes, Comunicación y Medios. - 1a ed. - La Plata: Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Periodismo y Comunicación Social. ISBN 978-950-34-0906-0
* ↑ Bourdieu, Pierre (2002). La "juventud" no es más que una palabra. En Sociología y cultura (pp. 163-173). México: Grijalbo, Conaculta
* ↑ Margulis, Mario (ed.) (2008): La juventud es más que una palabra. Ensayos sobre cultura y juventud. Buenos Aires: Biblos, Sociedad.
# Linux Administration/Networking/Configuration

This lesson covers network configuration.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the network configuration portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Basic network configuration
** Manually and automatically configure network interfaces
** Basic TCP/IP host configuration
** Setting a default route
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** /etc/hostname
*** /etc/hosts
*** /etc/nsswitch.conf
*** ifconfig
*** ifup
*** ifdown
*** ip
*** route
*** ping
# Linux Administration/Security

This section of the Linux Administration course covers security. Lessons include Administrative Tasks, Configuration, and Encryption

## Preparation

Learners should already be familiar with introductory computer concepts, computer support concepts, and computer networking concepts.

## Lessons

* Administrative Tasks
* Configuration
* Encryption

## See Also

* Linux
# Linux Administration/Networking/Internet Protocols

This lesson covers Internet protocols.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the Internet protocols portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Fundamentals of Internet protocols
** Demonstrate an understanding of network masks and CIDR notation
** Knowledge of the differences between private and public “dotted quad” IP addresses
** Knowledge about common TCP and UDP ports (20, 21, 22, 23, 25, 53, 80, 110, 123, 139, 143, 161, 162, 389, 443, 465, 514, 636, 993, 995)
** Knowledge about the differences and major features of UDP, TCP and ICMP
** Knowledge of the major differences between IPv4 and IPv6
** Knowledge of the basic features of IPv6
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** /etc/services
*** IPv4, IPv6
*** Subnetting
*** TCP, UDP, ICMP
# Linux Administration/Networking/DNS

This lesson covers DNS.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the DNS portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Configure client-side DNS
** Query remote DNS servers
** Configure local name resolution and use remote DNS servers
** Modify the order in which name resolution is done
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** Files:
**** /etc/hosts
**** /etc/resolv.conf
**** /etc/systemd/resolved.conf
**** /etc/nsswitch.conf
**** /etc/network/interfaces
*** Utilities:
**** host
**** dig
**** getent
**** nslookup
**** systemd-resolve
**** netplan

## Activities

* Display your DNS configuration in macOS running: scutil --dns
# Linux Administration/Networking/Troubleshooting

This lesson covers network troubleshooting.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the network troubleshooting portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Basic network troubleshooting
** Manually and automatically configure network interfaces and routing tables to include adding, starting, stopping, restarting, deleting or reconfiguring network interfaces
** Change, view or configure the routing table and correct an improperly set default route manually
** Debug problems associated with the network configuration
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** ifconfig
*** ip
*** ifup
*** ifdown
*** route
*** host
*** hostname
*** dig
*** netstat
*** ping
*** ping6
*** traceroute
*** traceroute6
*** tracepath
*** tracepath6
*** netcat
# Linux Administration/Networking

This section of the Linux Administration course covers networking. Lessons include Internet Protocols, Configuration, Troubleshooting, and DNS.

## Preparation

Learners should already be familiar with introductory computer concepts, computer support concepts, and computer networking concepts.

## Lessons

* Internet Protocols
* Configuration
* Troubleshooting
* DNS

## See Also

* Linux
# Linux Administration/Security/Administrative Tasks

This lesson covers security administration tasks.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the security administration tasks portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Perform security administration tasks
** Audit a system to find files with the suid/sgid bit set
** Set or change user passwords and password aging information
** Being able to use nmap and netstat to discover open ports on a system
** Set up limits on user logins, processes and memory usage
** Determine which users have logged in to the system or are currently logged in
** Basic sudo configuration and usage
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** find
*** passwd
*** fuser
*** lsof
*** nmap
*** chage
*** netstat
*** sudo
*** /etc/sudoers
*** su
*** useradd, usermod
*** ulimit
*** who, w, last
# Linux Administration/Installation/Shared Libraries

This lesson covers shared libraries.

## Objectives and Skills

Objectives and skills for the shared libraries portion of Linux+ certification include:
* Manage shared libraries
** Identify shared libraries
** Identify the typical locations of system libraries
** Load shared libraries
** The following is a partial list of the used files, terms and utilities:
*** ldd
*** ldconfig
*** /etc/ld.so.conf
*** LD_LIBRARY_PATH

## Readings

* Wikipedia: Library (computing)
* Wikipedia: Static library
* Wikipedia: ldd (Unix)

## Activities

* Complete the tutorial IBM: Learn Linux, 101: Manage shared libraries

## Lesson Summary

* LD_LIBRARY_PATH is used to temporarily substitute a different library for this particular execution and is handy for development and testing.
* ldconfig configures dynamic linker run-time bindings.
* ldconfig -p prints the lists of directories and candidate libraries stored in the current cache.
* ldconfig -n processes only the directories specified on the command line and don't rebuild the cache.
* ldconfig -V prints program version.
* ldd prints shared object dependencies.
* ldd prints shared object dependencies.

## See Also

* TLDP: Shared Libraries
# English-Chinese/Last fall, a storm blew through this town tearing up trees

Last fall, a storm blew through this town tearing up trees.
去年秋天，风暴席卷了这个市镇，掀起大树。
# English-Chinese/Later in time

Later in time.
He came home after Jane did.
稍后时间。
他比Jane更迟回到家。
# English-Chinese/Lathe

A lathe is a tool that rotates the workpiece about an axis of rotation to perform various operations such as cutting, sanding, knurling, drilling, deformation, facing, and turning, with tools that are applied to the workpiece to create an object with symmetry about that axis.
车床 是 一种 工具，使 工件 围绕 旋转轴 旋转，以 执行 各种 操作，例如 切割，打磨，滚花，钻孔，变形，端面车削 和 旋转车削，将 工具 施加 到 工件上 以 创造 对称轴的 物体。
# English-Chinese/Last night on our hunting trip we bagged three deer

Last night on our hunting trip we bagged three deer.
昨晚 我们 的 打猎 行动 中，猎了 三 只 鹿。
# English-Chinese/Latex and banana sensitivity may cross-react

Latex and banana sensitivity may cross-react. Furthermore, those with latex allergy may also have sensitivities to avocado, kiwifruit, and chestnut.
乳胶和香蕉的敏感性可能会发生交叉反应。 此外，乳胶过敏的人也可能对鳄梨，猕猴桃和栗子有敏感性。
# English-Chinese/Latex can trigger an IgE-mediated cutaneous, respiratory, and systemic reaction

Latex can trigger an IgE-mediated cutaneous, respiratory, and systemic reaction.
乳胶可引发IgE介导的皮肤，呼吸和全身反应。
# English-Chinese/Law

Law is a set of rules decided by a particular state meant for the purpose of keeping the peace and security of society. Courts or police may enforce this system of rules and punish people who break the laws, such as by paying a fine, or other penalty including jail.
法律是由一个特定国家决定的一套规则，旨在维护社会的和平与安全。法院或警察可以执行这一规则体系并惩罚违反法律的人，例如支付罚款或其他处罚（包括监禁）。
# English-Chinese/Latitude

The latitude of the Earth gives the distance north or south of the equator. It is measured in degrees.
地球的纬度给出了赤道北或南的距离。它以度为单位。
# English-Chinese/Latin

Latin is an old language that was used in Ancient Roma. Short Latin texts are found from about the 5th century BC, and longer ones from about the 3rd century BC.
Latin语 是 古Roma 时期 使用的 一种 古老 语言。被发现的 简短的 Latin 文本 大约 是 公元前 5世纪的，较长的 文本 大约 是 公元前 3世纪的。
# English-Chinese/Law is a system of rules

Law is a system of rules that are created and enforced through social or governmental institutions to regulate behavior.
法律是一种规则体系，通过社会或政府机构制定和实施，以规范行为。
# English-Chinese/The most common food allergy in the US population is a sensitivity to crustacea

The most common food allergy in the US population is a sensitivity to crustacea.
美国人群中最常见的食物过敏是对甲壳纲动物的敏感性。
# English-Chinese/The most pronounced physiological changes in sleep occur in the brain

The most pronounced physiological changes in sleep occur in the brain.
睡眠中最显着的生理变化发生在大脑中。
# English-Chinese/The naming of sardine is not precise.

The naming of sardine is not precise.
沙丁鱼的命名并不准确。
# English-Chinese/The nature of anaphylaxis is such that the reaction can seem to be subsiding, but may recur throughout a period of time

The nature of anaphylaxis is such that the reaction can seem to be subsiding, but may recur throughout a period of time.
过敏反应的性质使得反应似乎在下降，但可能在一段时间内复发。
# English-Chinese/The most important use of water in agriculture is for irrigation

The most important use of water in agriculture is for irrigation, which is a key component to produce enough food. Irrigation takes up to 90% of water withdrawn in some developing countries and significant proportions in more economically developed countries (in the United States, 30% of freshwater usage is for irrigation).
农业用水最重要的用途是灌溉，灌溉是生产足够食物的关键组成部分。 在一些发展中国家，灌溉占用水的90％，在经济较发达的国家，灌溉也占很大比例（在美国，30％的淡水用于灌溉）。
# English-Chinese/The most prevalent response to latex is an allergic contact dermatitis, a delayed hypersensitive reaction appearing as dry, crusted lesions

The most prevalent response to latex is an allergic contact dermatitis, a delayed hypersensitive reaction appearing as dry, crusted lesions.
对乳胶最普遍的反应是过敏性接触性皮炎，一种延迟的过敏反应，表现为干燥，结痂的病变。
# English-Chinese/The nasal cavity is the third most effective vocal resonator
## English

The nasal cavity is the third most effective vocal resonator.

## Hanzi

鼻腔是第三个最有效的声音谐振器。

## Pinyin

Bíqiāng shì dì-sān gè zuì yǒuxiào de shēngyīn xiézhènqì.
# English-Chinese/The next meeting will be here

The next meeting will be here.
下次 会议 在 这里 举行。
# English-Chinese/The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition

The most important aspect and defining characteristic of protein from a nutritional standpoint is its amino acid composition.
从营养角度来看，蛋白质最重要的方面和定义特征是其氨基酸组成。
# English-Chinese/The movie is based on the book

The movie is based on the book.
这部电影 以 这本书 为 基础。
# Evolutionary biology of nervous systems

The nervous system of human beings and other animals evolved over a long period of time about 1 billion to 530 million years. This is how the nervous system of humans and other species came into being. The human brain is more intelligent than that of most other species known on Earth at this present time. How and why it evolved to do more complex task than it's fellow ancestors like chimpanzees and other members of the primate family is not known and down to speculation and opinion. The neurotransmitters found in the human brain such as GABA (Gamma aspartic butyric acid) are found in bacterial life forms which is evidence for evolution of the human brain and the brain of other species from more primitive life forms.
Topic:Neuroscience
# Exam 98-349: Windows Operating System Fundamentals/Installing and Upgrading Client Systems

This lesson covers Installing and Upgrading Client Systems. It looks at Windows editions, upgrade paths, installation types, and virtualized clients.

## Activity 1 - Identify Windows Operating System Editions

This objective may include but is not limited to: identifying system requirements, using PC Upgrade Advisor.
* Read Compare Windows 7.
* Read System Requirements.
* Read Upgrade Advisor.
* Read Windows Easy Transfer + FAQ.

## Activity 2 - Identify Upgrade Paths

This objective may include but is not limited to: identifying ugrade paths from Windows XP, Windows Vista, and other operating systems; identifying application compatibility.
* Read Upgrade to Windows 7 + FAQ
* Read What is program compatibility? + FAQ.
* Read Windows Anytime Upgrade + What is Windows Anytime Upgrade? + FAQ

## Activity 3 - Understand Installation Types

This objective may include but is not limited to: understanding removable media installations (DVD, ZTI, LTI, and USB), cloud and network installations, and product identification keys.
* Read Installing Windows 7 FAQ + Installation Problems FAQ + Recommended Links.
* Read What is a product key?
* Read Automated Installation of Windows 7.
* Read Lite-Touch Deployment.
* Read Zero-Touch Deployment.
* Read Unattended Answer Files.

## Activity 4 - Understand Virtualized Clients

This objective may include but is not limited to: understanding Windows XP Mode, Remote Desktop, and Remote Desktop Services.
* Read Windows XP Mode.
* Read Desktop Virtualization.
* Read Virtual Desktop Infrastructure.
* Read What is Remote Desktop Services
# Evolutionary psychology

Welcome to the Evolutionary Psychology learning project.

## Summary

Evolutionary Psychology is a scientific exploration of the evolution of mind and patterns of behavior. This learning project provides activities for exploration of psychology from the perspective of evolutionary biology.

## Learning materials

Wikiversity has adopted the "learning by doing" model for education. Lessons should center on learning activities for Wikiversity participants. Learning materials and learning projects can be used by multiple projects. Cooperate with other departments that use the same learning resource.
* Do women and men think differently? - Readings and discussion
Learning materials and learning projects are located in the main Wikiversity namespace. Simply make a link to the name of the lesson (lessons are independent pages in the main namespace) and start writing!
The Wikimedia Foundation Board of Trustees has directed the Wikiversity community away from courses (the Board's comments). Wikiversity participants are encouraged to innovate and create learning experiences that take full advantage of the wiki format of online community interactions. Non-traditional Learning Projects that are oriented towards learning about conventional course subjects are encouraged within Wikiversity. See: Wikiversity:Learning and Portal:Education.

## Activities

* Help develop book modules such as How Men Select Women at Wikibooks

## Readings

* Evolutionary psychology - Wikipedia article

## Recommended Texts

* Evolutionary Psychology: the New Science of the Mind (2nd Ed.). Written by David M. Buss.
* The Blank Slate: the Modern Denial of Human Nature. Written by Steven Pinker.
* The Adapted Mind: Evolutionary Psychology and the Generation of Culture. Written by Jermoe Barkow, John Tooby and Leda Cosmides.