OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appraisal of tutorial materials/Evaluation Report for Understanding Excel Charts in-Depth
## Material evaluated

Lynda online course entitled

### Structured Evaluation

* Was this video tutorial appropriate for a complete beginner using Microsoft Word 2013 for the first time?
The point of the tutorial is to help beginner Excel users to create and understand Excel charts. The material was appropriate for beginners because trying to operate Excel spread sheet can be pretty daunting but the tutorial was set out in a way that was understandable for anyone just starting to use Excel charts.
* Was the production quality of the material good, average or poor?
The audio was good quality as well as the video, the video allowed you to practice your Excel chart skill whilst watching the video at the same time.
* Rate the duration of the introductory chapter
The introductory chapter wasn’t too long; it got to the point quickly and accurately and was easy to follow.

### Other comments about the material

Although the material was easy to follow, it was not appropriate for a beginner user of Microsoft, there is not enough interactivity that you would need to understand and navigate through the Excel spread sheet. It has tendency to throw you into the deep end without enough knowledge to complete an Excel chart.

### Summary

I found it hard to start any work, to create a spread sheet chart with only online guide to work from; the other sites and clips were even harder to work because the disorganised nature of the delivery. It is impossible to ask an individual question to an automated service and therein lies the problem, I couldn’t get any assistance when I get stuck on a problem. It was the aim for Lynda wanted the chart formatted professionally and I think they achieved that.
# Astronomy college course/Emergency study guide if Pilot is down

These are "live" links to the test for you to use if Pilot goes down. Check History to make sure that Guy vandegrift was the most recent editor.
* Astronomy_college_course/Solar_system/Quiz
* Astronomy_college_course/Solar_system/Quiz_2
* Astronomy_college_course/Planetary_mass/Quiz01
* Astronomy_college_course/Planetary_science_questions
* Astronomy_college_course/Mercury/questions
* Physics and Astronomy Labs/Upcoming Test (a)
# Astronomy college course/How big is everything?

* How big is everything
* Earth and Moon
* Earth-Moon distance
* Terrestial planets
* Planets
* Planets and Sun
* Stars larger than the Sun
# Astronomy college course/Galilean moons of Jupiter/questions/Testbank

Galilean moons of Jupiter (permalink)
# Astronomy college course/Galilean moons of Jupiter/questions/6

This question should have two of the choices instead of just saying that two of these are correct. -Armie32
# Basic English/after

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# Basic English/again

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# Basic English/go

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# Basic Government Systems
### Course: Basic Government Systems
## Syllabus and Lessons

* Course Description
** This Course will teach you what a government system is and the many types of government used around the world.
* Course Curriculum
** Lesson 1: What is Government?
** Lesson 2: Absolutism forms of Government
** Lesson 3: Fascism
** Lesson 4: Democracy
** Lesson 5: Republic
** Lesson 6: Bureaucracy
** Lesson 7: Nazism
** Lesson 8: Police State
** Lesson 9: Monarchy
** Lesson 10: Oligarchy
** Lesson 11: Theocracy
** Lesson 12: Federalism
** Lesson 13: Communism
** Lesson 14: Provisional Government
** Lesson 15: Nationalism
** Lesson 16: Socialism
** Lesson 17: Feudalism

## Worksheets

* Worksheet 1
* Worksheet 2
* Worksheet 3
* Worksheet 4
* Worksheet 5
* Worksheet 6
* Worksheet 7
* Worksheet 8
* Worksheet 9
* Worksheet 10
* Worksheet 11
* Worksheet 12
* Worksheet 13
* Worksheet 14

## Final Test

* Final Test

## External Links

* Google Map of the History of Republic Forms of Government (Good, Bad, & Troubled as of 2013)
# Basic Government Systems/What is Government

* Government is when a person or group of people make rules and policies regarding the group of people they govern.
* When doing the Worksheet for this (worksheet 1) there should be 100 point added for correct answers and 50 points taken off from wrong answers.
# Basic English/able

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# Basic English/come

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# Basic Government Systems/Communism
## Communism and Communist States

What is Communism?
Communism is a socio-economic system based on the abolition of private property and the holding of the means of production as common property. It is essentially workers' ownership of the means of production. Proponents believe that this promotes equality and the eliminates the class system. However, there are many different approaches to communism, each leading to a differing community of practice:
* Marxism
* Leninism
* Stalinism
* Maoism
* Trotskyism
* Hoxhaism
* Luxemburgism
* Left Communism
* Christian Communism
* Anarchist Communism (Anarcho-Communism)

## History

Jean-Luc Nancy claims that the term communism was used in 14th century Europe to mean “people having in common a property belonging to the category of main morte – that is, not being submitted to the law of heritage”. The first modern use of the term communist was by Restif de la Bretonne in a 1785 review of Projet de Communauté philosophe by his friend Victor d'Hupay (1777).
Many define the USSR, China, Vietnam and such as "Communist Countries"; this is not the case in the original idea of Marx. He envisioned a world where everyone is equal, much unlike that of the Soviet Union. Likewise when the USSR was founded, Lenin did not say it was Communist, but rather that it was a future they were striving for.
Experience of the 20th century also showed that social revolution, including the socialist revolution in Russia, conceived as a means of transition to the building of a communist society, led not to the annihilation of the state, but to its multiple reinforcement and expansion. As a result, under conditions of real socialism, the state essentially wholly subordinated and absorbed both societies and the individual was taken.

## Discussion questions

What happens when communism and capitalism blend? As there are many different forms of communism with different structures its difficult to answer as is the lack of easily accsesable information in different communist styled economy not everything is the same, also don't get sucked in by those small minded James Bond movies.
Is it possible to have a country that advocates there should be no countries?
* ↑ Nancy J-L. (nd) Communism: The Word http://www.lacan.com/essays/?page_id=126 accessed 2 December 2015
* ↑ Simply philosophy
# Basic English/Translationz
## Translations M-Z
### See also

* Basic English
* Basic English/able, etc.
* Basic English/Translations
* Template:Tr
* Template:Tr-foo
* Template:Tr-ko
# Basic Government Systems/Democracy

Democracy can be used to describe any system of government in which either decision making powers are given directly to the people, or the leaders who do hold and exercise these powers are elected by, and held accountable to, the people.
A leader of a democratic state, rather than inheriting or being appointed their position, must be elected.
There are many different types of democracies including republic, constitutional monarchy, parliamentary democracy, liberal democracy, representative democracy and many others. Democracies can also be capitalist ot socialist.
Examples of democratic nations include Australia, Brazil, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, South Africa, South Korea, Singapore, United Kingdom and United States of America, etc.
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/December/All/DPL

This page is used to help create a graphical list.
* BCP/Solidago
* BCP/Lonicera x heckrottii
* BCP/Corydalis ochroleuca
* BCP/Corydalis lutea
* BCP/Chrysanthemum x morifolium
* BCP/Euphorbia lathyris
* BCP/Phlox paniculata
* BCP/Cardamine hirsuta
* BCP/Taraxacum officinale
* BCP/Vinca minor
* BCP/Stellaria media
* BCP/Viola x wittrockiana
* BCP/Spiraea thunbergii
* BCP/Viola
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/January
## January

* All plants blooming in January (11)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/August/Yellow Flowers/DPL

This page is used to help create a graphical list.
* BCP/Cyperus esculentus
* BCP/Digitalis grandiflora
* BCP/Rosa 'Peace'
* BCP/Amaranthus blitoides
* BCP/Spilanthes oleracea
* BCP/Hibiscus trionum
* BCP/Potentilla recta
* BCP/Helianthus x laetiflorus
* BCP/Tagetes patula
* BCP/Rudbeckia fulgida
* BCP/Helianthus annuus
* BCP/Ambrosia artemisiifolia
* BCP/Portulaca oleracea
* BCP/Torenia fournieri
* BCP/Corydalis lutea
* BCP/Ambrosia trifida
* BCP/Alchemilla mollis
* BCP/Euphorbia lathyris
* BCP/Lonicera japonica
* BCP/Sicyos angulatus
* BCP/Rudbeckia triloba
* BCP/Helianthus tuberosus
* BCP/Medicago lupulina
* BCP/Verbascum blattaria
* BCP/Euthamia graminifolia
* BCP/Rudbeckia laciniata
* BCP/Rorippa sylvestris
* BCP/Miscanthus sinensis
* BCP/Oxalis corniculata
* BCP/Helenium autumnale
* BCP/Sonchus asper
* BCP/Lactuca canadensis
* BCP/Agrimonia
* BCP/Erechtites hieracifolia
* BCP/Asclepias tuberosa
* BCP/Rudbeckia hirta
* BCP/Cucurbita maxima
* BCP/Tagetes erecta
* BCP/Artemisia vulgaris
* BCP/Sedum kamtschaticum
* BCP/Lactuca serriola
* BCP/Lycopersicon
* BCP/Bidens frondosa
* BCP/Coreopsis verticillata
* BCP/Amaranthus retroflexus
* BCP/Solidago
* BCP/Duchesnea indica
* BCP/Kirengeshoma koreana
* BCP/Impatiens pallida
* BCP/Physalis heterophylla
* BCP/Patrinia gibbosa
* BCP/Oxalis stricta
* BCP/Linaria vulgaris
* BCP/Taraxacum officinale
* BCP/Chelidonium majus
* BCP/Hypericum perforatum
* BCP/Viola tricolor
* BCP/Impatiens capensis
* BCP/Hemerocallis
* BCP/Cucumis sativus
* BCP/Acalypha rhomboidea
* BCP/Tanacetum vulgare
* BCP/Oenothera
* BCP/Dahlia
* BCP/Solidago canadensis
* BCP/Pilea pumila
* BCP/Oenothera biennis
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/February
## February

* All plants blooming in February (9)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/August/White Flowers/DPL

This page is used to help create a graphical list.
* BCP/Vitex
* BCP/Geranium sanguineum
* BCP/Hibiscus trionum
* BCP/Capsicum annuum
* BCP/Nepeta cataria
* BCP/Petroselinum crispum
* BCP/Lycopus virginicus
* BCP/Asteromoea mongolica
* BCP/Angelonia angustifolia
* BCP/Hibiscus moscheutos
* BCP/Convolvulus
* BCP/Galium aristatum
* BCP/Galinsoga parviflora
* BCP/Anthemis nobilis
* BCP/Cichorium intybus
* BCP/Polygonum arifolium
* BCP/Clematis
* BCP/Buddleja davidii
* BCP/Clematis virginiana
* BCP/Euphorbia maculata
* BCP/Mollugo verticillata
* BCP/Mentha suaveolens
* BCP/Solanum carolinense
* BCP/Lobelia siphilitica
* BCP/Pycnanthemum tenuifolium
* BCP/Datura stramonium
* BCP/Digitaria
* BCP/Lythrum salicaria
* BCP/Conyza canadensis
* BCP/Persicaria polymorpha
* BCP/Hackelia virginiana
* BCP/Persicaria maculosa
* BCP/Nicotiana sylvestris
* BCP/Agastache foeniculum
* BCP/Petunia x hybrida
* BCP/Anthemis cotula
* BCP/Verbena urticifolia
* BCP/Ocimum basilicum
* BCP/Cuscuta gronovii
* BCP/Geum canadense
* BCP/Aster ericoides
* BCP/Persicaria virginiana
* BCP/Lathyrus odoratus
* BCP/Anemone x hybrida
* BCP/Echinacea purpurea
* BCP/Torenia fournieri
* BCP/Salvia nemorosa
* BCP/Heuchera americana
* BCP/Fallopia japonica
* BCP/Veronica americana
* BCP/Cleome hassleriana
* BCP/Tanacetum parthenium
* BCP/Circaea lutetiana
* BCP/Corydalis ochroleuca
* BCP/Eupatorium rugosum
* BCP/Apocynum cannabinum
* BCP/Hibiscus syriacus
* BCP/Pycnanthemum incanum
* BCP/Clethra alnifolia
* BCP/Lonicera japonica
* BCP/Phlox paniculata
* BCP/Polygonum sagittatum
* BCP/Platycodon grandiflorus
* BCP/Impatiens pallida
* BCP/Melissa officinalis
* BCP/Abelia x grandiflora
* BCP/Leucanthemum vulgare
* BCP/Plantago major
* BCP/Erigeron annuus
* BCP/Saponaria officinalis
* BCP/Hosta
* BCP/Achillea millefolium
* BCP/Daucus carota
* BCP/Eupatorium perfoliatum
* BCP/Aster novae-angliae
* BCP/Trifolium repens
* BCP/Lobularia maritima
* BCP/Viola tricolor
* BCP/Hydrangea arborescens
* BCP/Tradescantia
* BCP/Phytolacca americana
* BCP/Veronicastrum virginicum
* BCP/Tradescantia virginiana
* BCP/Salvia sclarea
* BCP/Salvia guaranitica
* BCP/Lagerstroemia indica
* BCP/Physostegia virginiana
* BCP/Plantago lanceolata
* BCP/Achillea sibirica
* BCP/Hemerocallis
* BCP/Lycoris squamigera
* BCP/Melilotus alba
* BCP/Dahlia
* BCP/Chelone glabra
* BCP/Solanum americanum
* BCP/Thalictrum pubescens
* BCP/Euonymus fortunei
* BCP/Matricaria recutita
* BCP/Fragaria vesca
* BCP/Silene latifolia
* BCP/Malva neglecta
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/December
## December

All plants blooming in December (7)
# Bloom Clock/Keys/Southeastern Pennsylvania/February/All/DPL

This page is used to help create a key.
* BCP/Helleborus foetidus
* BCP/Forsythia x intermedia
* BCP/Senecio vulgaris
* BCP/Pieris japonica
* BCP/Helleborus niger
* BCP/Taraxacum officinale
* BCP/Symplocarpus foetidus
* BCP/Hamamelis x intermedia
* BCP/Galanthus nivalis
* BCP/Stellaria media
* BCP/Spiraea thunbergii
* BCP/Erica carnea
* BCP/Hamamelis 'Diane'
* BCP/Hamamelis 'Sunburst'
* BCP/Hamamelis 'Jelena'
* BCP/Hamamelis 'Arnold Promise'
# Arboriculture

Arboriculture is the cultivation, maintenance, and management of woody stemmed perennial plants; primarily trees.
Arboriculture is the applied science of managing persistent, woody plants individually or in the context of the plants and environmental features of the immediate surround (as contrasted to forestry, for example, or orchard agriculture). A working knowledge of arboriculture involves an understanding of the biology of trees, vines and shrubs, and a skill set of how to go about achieving goals associated with their growth, health, risks, and benefits. While the focus of study is principally on the tree, a working knowledge of trees requires an introduction to the fields of study which cover the environments in which trees thrive, or fail to thrive. As well as the system of classification of species, and the evolutionary ecology of trees, their pests, and their allies. Along with a good measure of practical instruction on management methods, practices, practical concerns, and professional codes of conduct.
While it is convenient for the present to use the term "tree" when referring to the focus of the study of arboriculture, it should be pointed out early that grouping plants into the categories of tree, shrub, vine, or bush is a matter of common usage and convenience regarding the shape and size of plants. Grouping together by form plants which may be entirely unrelated. In fact, the leguminous trees such as the locust tree, the golden-chain tree, and redbud(Robinia, Laburnum, Cercis) are botanically more closely related to clover or to sweet peas than they are to pine trees, or even maples.
Arboriculture is the branch of environmental horticulture concerned with woody stemmed perennial plants, whether upright or prostrate, having a single stout trunk or a multitude of small vines, deciduous or evergreen, broad-leaved or having needles. Or even among the grasses, the bamboos; and related to lillys, Joshua trees.
The structure of trees and the functioning of biological processes within them differs among the wide diversity of plants considered to be woody stemmed perennials. They all have in common the most basic biological functions of vascular plants.
* Resources
* /Bonsai -
* /Industry operations and safety -
* /Fruit tree -
* /Pruning
# Arboriculture/Industry operations and safety
## Chainsaws
### First aid requirements

Please refer to page 35 of the Approved Code of Practice for Safety and Health in Tree Work - Part 1: Arboriculture http://www.osh.govt.nz/order/catalogue/pdf/arborcode.pdf
* All arboriculture operations must have at least 1 person with current first aid certification from either St Johns, Red Cross or other recognised (OSH) first aid training provider.
* A fully stocked first aid kit must be at every work site
* First aid kits will be stored so as to ensure the contents are protected against contamination by dust, heat, moisture or any other element.
* Specific environments and situations may require additional first aid items for which an inspector's advise should be sort.
* In the event of an accident a seriously injured person shall not be moved, but made comfortable, until qualified medical advice is available.
* At a minimum, a first aid kit for up to 10 will contain:
NB. Where aborists work alone, a belt attached first aid kit will contain the following minimum requirements:
make sure that u have all necceryary protection before u start using the machine.
Types of injuries
ID Danger
* Live power
* Chainsaw still running
* Hangers
Response
* Is victim conscious

### Personal protective equipment
## Codes of practice

PDF for print of the New Zealand Code of Practice for Safety and Health in Tree Work - Part 1: Arboriculture

## Chainsaw operation
#### Hazards relating chainsaw use

(not to use above shoulder... not on stock piled logs..) cutting with tip of saw can cause kickback
# Arc-sine/Arc-cosine/Derivative/Exercise

Determine the derivatives of arc-sine and arc-cosine functions.
# Arboriculture/Background
## Tree taxonomy and evolution

The tree form is a classic example of parallel evolution, having evolved separately in unrelated plant families.
# Biology (A-Level)/Meiosis

    This will teach the process of meiosis to A-Level. Specifically, that of the 2008 AQA specification.

## Definitions

* Homologous chromosomes — chromosomes that contain the same genes.
* Maternal homologues — chromosomes from the original female parent.
* Paternal homologues — chromosomes from the original male parent.
* The diagram shows a chromosome.
* Each of the strands is a chromatid.
* Chromosomal crossover — the process by which two chromosomes pair up and exchange sections of their DNA.

## Stages of meiosis

* Prophase I — Homologous pairs of chromosomes in a diploid cell pair up forming bivalents. Chromosomal crossover occurs.
* Metaphase I — Bivalents line across equator of the spindle opposite homolguos pair of chromosomes.
* Anaphase I —
* Telophase I —
* Interphase —
* Prophase II —
* Metaphase II —
* Anaphase II —
* Telophase II —
# Biology

Biology is the natural science that studies life, including its physical structure, chemical processes, molecular interactions, physiological mechanisms, development and evolution.

## See Also

* Portal: Biology
* Wikipedia: Biology
* MIT: Biology Courses
# Biology (A-Level)/Inheritance, Evolution and Ecosystems
## Topics

* Meiosis
# Bioinformatics

Bioinformatics and computational biology involve the use of techniques including applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, computer science, artificial intelligence, chemistry and biochemistry to solve biological problems usually on the molecular level. Research in computational biology often overlaps with systems biology. Major research efforts in the field include sequence alignment, gene finding, genome assembly, protein structure alignment, protein structure prediction, prediction of gene expression and protein-protein interactions, and the modeling of evolution.
The terms bioinformatics and computational biology are often used interchangeably. However bioinformatics more properly refers to the creation and advancement of algorithms, computational and statistical techniques, and theory to solve formal and practical problems posed by or inspired from the management and analysis of biological data. Computational biology, on the other hand, refers to hypothesis-driven investigation of a specific biological problem using computers, carried out with experimental and simulated data, with the primary goal of discovery and the advancement of biological knowledge. A similar distinction is made by National Institutes of Health in their working definitions of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, where it is further emphasized that there is a tight coupling of developments and knowledge between the more hypothesis-driven research in computational biology and technique-driven research in bioinformatics. Computational biology also includes lesser known but equally important subdisciplines such as computational biochemistry and computational biophysics.
A common thread in projects in bioinformatics and computational biology is the use of mathematical tools to extract useful information from data produced by high-throughput biological techniques such as genome sequencing. A representative problem in bioinformatics is the assembly of high-quality genome sequences from fragmentary "shotgun" DNA sequencing. Other common problems include the study of gene regulation using data from microarrays or mass spectrometry.

## Prerequisite

To understand Bioinformatics it is necessary to know basic computer operation and Molecular Biology. For advanced study it may be necessary to know some Mathematics, Computer Administration, and Computer Programming

## Learning materials and learning projects

* How to access the genome databases

### Sequence alignment exercises

* Dot-matrix_methods
# Biology (A-Level)

    This will teach the biology to A-Level. Specifically, that of the 2008 AQA specification. Note that 2 of the 6 modules usually required at A-Level are practical/coursework and will not be covered here, for now. However, these modules rely on knowledge gained from the others so by studying this course you will essentially be studying the full A-Level

## Units
### AS

* Unit 1 — Molecules, Cells and Systems
* Unit 2 — Making Use of Biology

### A2

* Unit 4 — Inheritance, Evolution and Ecosystems
* Unit 5 — Physiology and the Environment
# Biographies

A biography, or simply bio, is a detailed description or account of a person's life. It entails more than basic facts like education, work, relationships, and death—a biography also portrays a subject's experience of these events.
Learning projects supporting biographies may be listed here. Individual biographies may be placed in user space.

## Learning Projects

* Federal Writers' Project - Life Histories
* The Crafting Freedom Project
* World War I -- Life Histories