OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Yellow in Film

Link to any subpages this page might have}}

## The Use of Yellow in Film

Yellow is the most luminous color in the color wheel. It is the first color the human eye processes on the color spectrum. When used in film, filmmakers are very intentional when they use it because of how known and drawing the color is.
The color yellow can express:
Frenzy
Action
Vitality
Energy
Madness
Disease
Yellow can also inspire the soundtrack of a film or scene. In the film Kill Bill: Vol. 1 (Tarantino, 2003), there is a scene where Uma Thurman is dressed in yellow on a yellow motorbike and serenading the scene are ringing trumpets.
Wes Anderson uses yellow to exaggerate a scene and create a contrast between what the scene looks like visually verses what the actual story is about. Yellow can make a scene feel fun and inviting when the actual story is a lot darker and colder.
Sometimes yellow can provoke fond memories of childhood. It can also paint someone as insecure, obsessive, or innocent. The film Everything Everywhere All At Once (Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert, 2022) uses yellow at first to symbolize cowardness. To an American audience, this would make sense, as yellow is usually associated with cowardness or lack of bravery. It is not until it is revealed later in the film that the yellow represents courage, which it actually represents to a Chinese audience.
Because there are so many ways to interpret the use of yellow, it is known as a contradictory color as it expresses multiple different ideas. This can cause risk to use yellow as a way of giving the audience insight without outright telling them through dialogue or even through acting, because it is a guess as to what yellow truly means to that filmmaker.

## Filmmakers That Use Yellow

Wes Anderson
Quentin Tarantino
David Fincher

## Films That Feature Yellow

The Shining (Stanley Kubrick, 1980)
Life of Pi (Ang Lee, 2012)
Ad Astra (James Gray, 2019)
Blade Runner 2049 (Denis Villeneuve, 2017)
Hunger Games: Catching Fire (Francis Lawrence, 2013)
The Grand Budapest Hotel (Wes Anderson, 2014)
Kill Bill: Vol. 1 (Quention Tarantino, 2003)
Everything Everywhere All At Once (Daniel Kwan and Daniel Scheinert, 2022)
Fantastic Mr. Fox (Wes Anderson, 2009)

## Resources

* ↑ [1. https://www.santiniphotography.com/blog/yellow-in-cinema/]
* ↑ [2. https://faroutmagazine.co.uk/wes-anderson-red-yellow-films/]
* ↑ [3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_in_Chinese_culture]
# Youth studies
## Wikipedia

* Youth studies is an interdisciplinary academic field devoted to the study of the development, history, culture, psychology, and politics of youth.
   * Youth voice refers to the distinct ideas, opinions, attitudes, knowledge, and actions of young people as a collective body.
   * Positive youth development youth development (PYD) programs are designed to optimize youth developmental progress.
   * Youth culture refers to the societal norms of children, adolescents, and young adults.
   * Youth politics is a category of issues which distinctly involve, affect or otherwise impact youth.
   * Youth empowerment is a process where children and young people are encouraged to take charge of their lives.
   * The youth rights movement seeks to grant the rights to young people that are traditionally reserved for adults, due to having reached a specific age or sufficient maturity.
   * Youth participation is the active engagement of young people throughout their own communities that can many forms, including decision-making, sports, schools and any activity where young people are not historically engaged.
   * Youth service is widely recognized and valued by society, with minimal or no compensation to the server.
   * Youth work is community support activity aimed at older children and adolescents.

## Call for essays

Please contribute an essay or article on Youth studies. Enter title that is not already on the list below and start your draft. If you wish to change your title, or have any other questions, visit us at Wikiversity:Colloquium.
# Xlib programming basics

Xlib is an application programming interface (API) for X Window. A program that uses Xlib consists of 4 basic tasks:
* Open a connection to a X Window server.
* Create windows for the user interface and map them so they are shown to the user
* Respond to events received from the X Window server. Drawing the user interface is included in this step.
* Close a connection to a X Window server in response to a user's action when the time is right. Like for example when clicking quit from a menu.

## Open A Connection

XOpenDisplay is a function that opens a connection to a X Window server. XOpenDisplay gets passed a string (e.g char*) that lets you control what display to connect to. You can also tell Xlib to attempt a connection with the default display by passing NULL instead. If a connection to a X Window server is successful, XOpenDisplay returns an allocated pointer to a Display structure, otherwise a null pointer (e.g (Display*)NULL) is returned.
You should check whether the connection was successful or not before calling any other functions from Xlib. Most other Xlib functions depend on knowing which display is being used. You may also need to know which display is being used in order to get characteristics of the display, such as how many screens there are, what resolutions does each screen support, and what color depths does each screen resolution support. A typical PC only has one screen, but supports several different screen resolutions and color depths for example.
# Yochai Benkler: The Wealth of Networks

This is a reading group on Yochai Benkler's book The Wealth of Networks. As well as in print, the full text of this book is available online from a dedicated wiki site in several formats:
* PDF, full text
* Index of PDF chapters (also includes print-friendly versions that require less paper)
* Wiki format, separated by chapter, with summaries, reference links, and examples
* HTML, separated by chapter, formatted in narrower columns
* Podcasts at (read by Mike Benedetti, available in several audio formats) and (automated text-to-speech, available on iTunes, contains link)
* and other formats, translations, and remixes - see http://www.benkler.org/wealth_of_networks/

## Resources
### Other discussions

* Blog-based 'seminar' on Crooked Timber
* Responses and network-related resources from UW-Seattle post-graduate students
# Z-test

This statistics resource is a "stub". Learn how you can help Wikiversity to develop it.
A z-test is similar to a t-test. In both cases, the central tendency of a normally distributed sample is compared with either a fixed value or the value of another group.
z-scores indicate the difference between the observed distribution and the comparison in standard deviation units. z-scores derive from the properties of a normal distribution (e.g., 95% of scores will be less than a standardised z-score of 1.96).
# BCP/Origanum laevigatum

Origanum laevigatum
| Search for Origanum laevigatum on commons) Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Origanum laevigatum (Oregano) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 09:05, 2 July 2007 (UTC) Ngravagna 02:11, 30 June 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) July
Additional images:
# BCP/Oenothera/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Oenothera (Evening Primrose). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2007 Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 11:27, 23 August 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 13:47, 23 August 2007 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 15:41, 26 August 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 17:17, 31 August 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:39, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 21:52, 1 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 21:52, 5 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 22:04, 6 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 16:53, 10 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Luai lashire 18:00, 15 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 01:59, 17 September 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 23:05, 21 September 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 08:26, 1 October 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 04:20, 10 October 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 16:42, 18 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 13:07, 24 October 2007 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 09:41, 2 November 2007 (UTC)
* Cormaggio 15:09, 5 November 2007 (UTC)
* --Jomegat 00:54, 7 November 2007 (UTC)

#### 2008 Logs

* Jomegat 14 July, 2008 (from photos)
* Jomegat 13:08, 18 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 17:11, 22 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 01:51, 27 July 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:54, 29 July 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 22:00, 2 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 18:01, 9 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 01:13, 17 August 2008 (UTC)

##### Recent Logs

* Jomegat 03:13, 21 August 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 12:41, 2 September 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 22:48, 10 September 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 21:18, 30 September 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Oenothera biennis/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Oenothera biennis (Evening Primrose). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* --SB_Johnny 10:41, 16 August 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 10:50, 1 September 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 01:12, 18 October 2008 (UTC)
* Jomegat 17:54, 4 November 2008 (UTC)

#### 2009 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* Jomegat 00:20, 15 July 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 13:10, 23 July 2009 (UTC)
* Jomegat 03:50, 2 August 2009 (UTC)
# BCP/Oenothera speciosa

Oenothera speciosa
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Oenothera speciosa (Mexican Evening Primrose) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 08:47, 29 June 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 08:58, 2 July 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny | 10:21, 14 July 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 10:12, 10 August 2008 (UTC) --SB_Johnny 09:13, 5 September 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer, Mid Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (cultivated) June, July, August, September
Additional images:
# BCP/Oenothera biennis

Oenothera biennis
| Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Oenothera biennis (Evening Primrose) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs Jomegat 00:20, 15 July 2009 (UTC) Jomegat 13:10, 23 July 2009 (UTC) Jomegat 03:50, 2 August 2009 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data:
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: (native) August, September New Hampshire: July, August , September, October, November
Additional images:
# BCP/Opuntia/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Opuntia (Prickly Pear). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 19:15, 17 June 2008 (UTC) (I don't know the species)
# BCP/Opuntia

Opuntia
| Search for Opuntia on commons) Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Opuntia (Prickly Pear) Identifying Characteristics Recent Logs --SB_Johnny | 19:15, 17 June 2008 (UTC) (I don't know the species) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Early Summer
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: June
Additional images:
# BCP/Oenothera speciosa/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for Oenothera speciosa (Mexican Evening Primrose). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

### Logs
#### 2008 Logs

* (no archived logs yet)

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 08:47, 29 June 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 08:58, 2 July 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny | 10:21, 14 July 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 10:12, 10 August 2008 (UTC)
* --SB_Johnny 09:13, 5 September 2008 (UTC)
# BCP/Origanum laevigatum/Logs

This page contains recent bloom logs for the plant Origanum laevigatum (Oregano). If you saw this plant blooming today (or sometime within the last 3 days), you can help improve the bloom clock by logging it. Just click on "edit" next to the Recent Logs heading, add *~~~~ (an asterisk followed by four tildes) on a new line just below the last signature, and then click "save page". This will add your signature and the date to log the plant.
Please make sure you've signed up on the contributors' page so that we can know the location of the plant you saw blooming and use your contribution to create a flora for your region! When you're done, you can go back to one of the main pages and find logs of other flowers you might have seen today.

##### Recent Logs

* --SB_Johnny | 09:05, 2 July 2007 (UTC)
* Ngravagna 02:11, 30 June 2008 (UTC)

##### Archived Logs

(If there are more than 5 signatures under the recent logs heading, move the oldest logs to under this heading (generally leave the 3 most recent).
* (no archived logs yet)
# BCP/Oenothera

Oenothera
| Flower of O. macrocarpa Wikipedia • Commons • Wikibooks (horticulture) • Wikibooks (subject) • Wikispecies • Fruit and seed clock | Profile for Oenothera (Evening Primrose) Identifying Characteristics Habit:ErectFlowers:Yellow, 4 petals Recent Logs Jomegat 03:13, 21 August 2008 (UTC) Jomegat 12:41, 2 September 2008 (UTC) Jomegat 22:48, 10 September 2008 (UTC) Jomegat 21:18, 30 September 2008 (UTC) (view all logs) |
Global data: Temperate zone season(s): Mid Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Mid Fall, Late Fall
Regional data: Southeastern Pennsylvania: July, August, September, October New Hampshire: July, August , September, October, November Central Pennsylvania: August , September Manchester, England: November
Additional images:
# Automated Feedback and Interactions

Click here to return to the main page: Automated Feedback and Interactions

# What Makes a Good Interactive?

The aforementioned interactions all have weak and strong aspects. Placement, well-written feedback, and flow are important to consider.

## Placement

Strong content and confidence in the course structure will lead to logical placement of interactions. For example, a multiple choice quiz is a good way to sum up a lengthy page of text to test the learner. A tabs interaction helps break up content that can easily be categorized. Too many interactions, or interactions placed in random areas of the course won’t be as effective. There is no hard and fast rule - an understanding of how the interaction works, a sense of basic aesthetics, and a holistic view of the course are critical to logical design interactions. Automated feedback, too, has its drawbacks.

## Writing Feedback

Because automated feedback is the same for every student, it should be written comprehensively. Automated feedback in interactions can be enhanced by taking more time to write effective feedback. Instead of simply responding “Correct” or “Incorrect,” it is advisable to let the learner know why. When the response is correct, the learner should receive an affirmative explanation. When incorrect, feedback should encourage the learner to visit a specific chapter, page, or concept to review the material.
Of course, should the designer have the opportunity to work with adaptive learning systems, the design changes. SmartSparrow is a company that advertises adaptive learning: “With Adaptive Pathways, when students hit a roadblock, you can direct them to resources that help remediate their misconception. Or when students successfully grasp a concept, you can ‘fast-track’ those students and offer more content to stretch their knowledge.”

## Flow

Psychologically, humans desire a harmonized user experience that can be termed as “flow.” Interactions that make sense at the time it is presented help to create that harmonization. As Csikszentmihalyi (1990, p. 239) writes in Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience:
   When we can imagine only few opportunities and few possibilities, it is relatively easy to achieve harmony. Desires are simple, choices clear. There is little room for conflict and no need to compromise. This is the order of simple systems -- order by default, as it were.
>>Next Topic: Test Your Knowledge
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# Automatic transformation of XML namespaces/Cheat sheet

This are some of the opportunities our software opens:
* freely intermix tag sets of different sets of tag semantics (using XML namespaces), without disturbing each other (such as by name clash) in the global world
* add your new tags to HTML (and other XML-based formats)
** get rid of using HTML in future Web, switch it to proper semantic XML formats
*** make XSL-format based browsers with automatic generation of XSL from other XML formats
** make automatic coloring of source listings (for example)
* add macroses and include (such as by XInclude) other files in XML
* intermix different XML formats, with intelligent automatic processing of the mix
** embed one XML format in another one
** automatically choose the order of different XML converters applied to your mixed XML file
* make browsers to show your XML in arbitrary format
* make processing XML intelligent (with your custom scripts)
* integrating together XML conversion and validation scripts written in multiple programming languages
* associating semantics (such as relations with other namespaces and validation rules) to a namespace
** semantics can be described as an RDF resource at a namespace URL (or a related URL)
* file transformation with an automatically found "chain" of several conversions between different formats
* TODO
* many more opportunities
* integrate all of the above in single command
* (in the future) make it also a HTTP(S) proxy server
# Automated Feedback and Interactions/What are Automated Feedback and Automated Interactions
## Automated Feedback and Interactions

Click here to return to the main page: Automated Feedback and Interactions

# What are Automated Feedback and Automated Interactions?

In e-learning environments, text and images are commonly displayed to disseminate information to the learner, similar to a web page. Courses are typically divided into sections such as Introduction, Content, and Assessment. Most of the learner interaction within the course comes from feedback from the instructor, course forums, or e-mail -- in other words, from live people writing material in real time.
As e-learning platforms have become more dynamic, instructional designers and course developers now have options to add automated interactivity to a course. In essence:
* Automated interactions are pre-programmed events that automatically react to learner input in an e-learning environment. (They may also be referred to as "interactives.")
These events can include simple animation when the learner clicks in a designated spot in the course, or can provide automated feedback when the learner enters information. Automated feedback is different than the feedback instructors and peers manually create. It is developed before the learner ever enters the course and is prompted by the learner’s actions. This type of feedback is displayed immediately and is typically the same for every student. As Wilson, Olinghouse, and Andrada (2014, p. 93) write:
   Hattie and Timperley (2007) define feedback as information provided by an “agent” regarding specific aspects of a student’s task performance or conceptual understanding. Instructional feedback goes a step further, in that the provided information not only indicates correctness/incorrectness, but clearly indicates ways to improve performance or understanding (Hattie & Timperley, 2007). This definition of instructional feedback applies to feedback provided by any type of agent, such as an adult, peer, or computer (i.e., automated feedback).
Automated interactions and feedback are highly dependent upon the platform in which the course is developed and what capabilities and skills the designer has. Articulate Storyline 2, a popular e-learning development tool, has simple interactions templates that are easily embedded. Adobe Captivate, another popular development tool, requires more skill and knowledge in scripting to create interaction. Many Learning Management Systems (LMS) include authoring capabilities but vary widely as to what kind of automation is included.

## Knowledge Check

Check your knowledge of the learning content thus far!
>>Next Topic: What Kinds of Interactives Are There
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# Automatic transformation of XML namespaces/Analyzing XML

Primary nodes play crucial role in analyzing XML, which nodes to feed to the scripts which transform or validate XML.
The primary nodes of an XML document are:
* the root element node (Then root element namespace is associated with the primary node.);
* element nodes whose parent has a different namespace than their parent (Then the element's namespace is associated with the primary node.);
* element nodes which have a namespaced attribute of a different namespace than the element itself. (Then attribute namespace is associated with the primary node.)
# Automatic transformation of XML namespaces/Draft status

This is a preliminary rough draft. There may be errors, omissions, and logical inconsistency. There should be added more formal explanations (not just examples as now), more examples, and more explanation. The standard may change.
See more about this recommendation at http://freesoft.portonvictor.org/namespaces.xml.
Because it is a preliminary version of the specification, it is not recommended to publish your resources at namespace URLs, but it is recommended to submit them to distribute together with our implementation of this specification. It is important not to make de-facto Web working about a preliminary specification.
# Automatic transformation of XML namespaces/Examples

Down-up may be used with validating parsers or other parsers which may “eat” nodes of different namespaces.
Need to develop test cases.