OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# How to use SPSS/Descriptives/Advanced
## Descriptive & Graphical Exercise Using SPSS

* Assumed knowledge: Allen and Bennett Chapter 3: Summarising and displaying data (pp. 19-32)
* Download and open the datafile qfsall.sav (collected using the Quick Fun Survey (html))
* Conduct the univariate and bivariate descriptive and graphical analyses outlined below.
* You can also download demonstration syntax and output files:
** Descriptives.sps
** Descriptives.spo

## Univariate

Determine the level of measurement and obtain appropriate univariate descriptives and graphs to depict the nature of responses to each of the following variables:
* a8 (What is your favourite season?)
* b2 (Do you snore?)
* b4 (Do you believe in God?)
* b9 (At what age do you think you will die?)
* b13 (Femininity-Masculinity)
Statistically, you may consider using:
* frequency / % / mode
* median
* mean, SD, skewness, kurtosis
Graphically, you may consider using:
* bar graph
* pie chart
* stem and leaf plot
* boxplot
* histogram
* line graph
* error bar

### Bivariate

Determine the level of measurement and examine bivariate distributions for the following relationships: (Note that unless you are an experienced statistician you probably should conduct univariate descriptives and graphs for each variable before using them in bivariate and multivariate analyses.)
* a1 (Gender) and a4 (Favourite colour) (nominal by nominal)
** crosstabs
** clustered bar graph
* b10 (Psychology student status) and b7 (Exercise) (nominal by ratio)
** means table
** bar graph (means)
* b14 (Physical health) and b15 (Mental health) (interval by interval)
** correlation
** scatterplot - edit by going into chart editor, double-clicking on a data point and changing to bins to represent multiple data points.
** b7 (Exercise) and b9 (At what age do you think you will die?) (ratio by ratio)
** correlation
** scatterplot
# How to use SPSS/File types

There are three main types of files used in SPSS:
* Data files (.sav)
* Output files (.spv)
* Syntax files (.sps)
For more information, see Survey research and design in psychology/Tutorials/Introduction/SPSS#Windows .2F file types
# How to use SPSS/Graphing
## How to make an SPSS graph into APA style
### Removing background colour and borders

In SPSS output:
* Double-click the chart to go into the chart editor
* R.click - properties
* Click on fill - then the white box with a red line through it (to get rid of any background colour; this won't be actioned until Apply is clicked later)
* Click on border - then the white box with a red line through it
* Apply, then close out of the Chart Editor
# English-Chinese/Proton

A proton is part of an atom. They are found in the nucleus of an atom along with neutrons.
质子 是 原子的 一部分。它们 与 中子 一起 存在于 原子核中。
# English-Chinese/Psychogenic causes of chest pain can include panic attacks, however, this is a diagnosis of exclusion

Psychogenic causes of chest pain can include panic attacks, however, this is a diagnosis of exclusion.
胸痛的心理原因可能包括惊恐发作，然而，这是一种排除的诊断。
# English-Chinese/Psychology

Psychology is the study of the mind, its thought, feeling and behavior. It is an academic discipline which involves the scientific study of mental faculties, functions and behaviors.
心理学 是 对 心灵，思想，感觉 和 行为的 研究。它是 一门 涉及 智力，功能 和 行为的 科学研究的 学科。
# English-Chinese/Protozoa

Protozoa are small (but not simple) organisms. They are single-celled heterotrophic eukaryotes, which eat bacteria and other food sources.
原生动物 是 小的（但 不是 简单的）生物。它们 是 单细胞的 异养的 真核生物，它们 吃 细菌 和 其他 食物来源。
# English-Chinese/Protist

Protists are single-celled eukaryotes (which are organisms with a nucleus). The term Protista was first used by Ernst Haeckel in 1866. The protists are not a natural group, or clade, since they have no common origin. Like algae or invertebrates, they are often grouped together for convenience.
原生生物 是 单细胞 真核生物（具有 细胞核的 生物）。 Protista 一词 最初 由 Ernst Haeckel 于 1866年 使用。原生生物 不是 自然 分类 或 分支，因为 它们 没有 共同的 起源。与 藻类 或 无脊椎动物 一样，它们 通常 是 为了 方便 而 被分类 在一起。
# English-Chinese/Proximal diabetic neuropathy causes painful muscle atrophy and weakness

Proximal diabetic neuropathy causes painful muscle atrophy and weakness.
近端糖尿病神经病变导致疼痛的肌肉萎缩和虚弱。
# English-Chinese/Psychiatric syndromes' main symptom

A number of psychiatric syndromes feature depressed mood as a main symptom.
许多精神病综合征以抑郁情绪为主要症状。
# English-Chinese/Proteins provide as much energy density as carbohydrates

As a fuel, proteins provide as much energy density as carbohydrates: 4 kcal (17 kJ) per gram; in contrast, lipids provide 9 kcal (37 kJ) per gram.
作为燃料，蛋白质提供与碳水化合物一样多的能量密度：每克4千卡（17千焦）; 而脂质每克提供9千卡（37千焦）。
# English-Chinese/Protostar

A protostar is a celestial body which is a step of the star formation process. It is a contracted giant molecular cloud in the interstellar medium.
原恒星 是 一个 天体，是 恒星形成过程的 一个 步骤。它是 星际介质中 一个 收缩的 巨大 分子云。
# English-Chinese/Psychosis

Psychosis is an abnormal mental condition. It's hard to determine what is true and what is not. Symptoms may include false beliefs and seeing or hearing things that others cannot see or hear. Other symptoms may include incoherent speech and inappropriate behavior. There may also be sleep problems, social withdrawal, lack of motivation, and difficulty with daily activities.
精神病是一种异常的精神状态。 很难确定什么是真的，什么不是。 症状可能包括错误的信念以及看到或听到别人无法看到或听到的事物。 其他症状可能包括语无伦次和不恰当的行为。 也可能存在睡眠问题，社交退缩，缺乏动力以及日常活动困难。
# EuroLex/F/À la jardinière

* Original language: French
* Original form and meaning: à la jardinière - 1. a dish garnished with vegetables, which are served in individual groups arranged around the main dish
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| English | à la jardinière | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ''???'' | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | à la jardinière | ... | 'meaning 1 also called "nach Gärtnerin-Art' | '...' | ... |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/F/À la maison

* Original language: French
* Original form and meaning: à la maison - 1. at home,
2. in combination with verbs: rentrer à la maison (send home); arriver à la maison (arrive at home),
3. culinary: a designation like "pâté maison" refers to a specialty of the house or to the fact that the dish was made by the house chef
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| English | à la maison | ... | 'meaning 3' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | à la maison | ... | 'meaning 3 also called "nach Art des Hauses"' | '...' | ... |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/F/Toilet water

* Original language: French
* Original form and meaning: eau de toilette - 1. toilet water (a scented liquid with a high alcohol content used in bathing or applied as a skin freshener, similar to cologne)
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | eau de toilette | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | eau de toilet | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| English | toilet water (loan-translation) | 19 c | 'meaning 1' | '...' | http://dictionary.reference.com |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Eau de Toilette | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | eau-de-toilette | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |

### Annotations

Etymology of Toilet (EuroLex).

### Information on Other Languages

loan-translations:
German: Toilettenwasser
Lithuanian: tualetinis vanduo (?)
Polish: woda toaletowa
Slovenian: toaletna voda
# EuroLex/F/Visage

* Original language:French
* Original form and meaning:visage 'face, expression, mime'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| English | visage | 14th c. | 1. 'the face, the front part of the head, of a person (rarely of an animal)', 2. 'the face with reference to the form or proportions of the features', 3. 'the face or features as expressive of feeling or temperament, the countenance', 4. 'the face or visible side of the sun or the moon' (transferred sense), 5. 'an appearance or aspect' | 1. 'the face or surface of the earth', 2. 'an image or likeness, a portrait', 3. 'an assumed appearance, an outward show, a pretence or semblance' | OED |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Visage | 17th c. | 'face' (vulg.) | '...' | Birken-Silvermann 2003: 133 |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | visaggio | 13th c. | 'face' (old-italian) | '...' | Birken-Silvermann 2003: 133 |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/F/bonbon

* Original language: French
* Original form and meaning: bonbon - 1. candy, 2. chocolate candy
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | bonbon | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| English | bonbon | 1796 | 'meaning 1 and especialy meaning 2: a piece of chocolate-dipped candy, usually with a center of fondant that is sometimes mixed with fruits or nuts' | '...' | http://www.etymonline.com |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Bonbon | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | bombom | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | bombón | ... | 'meaning 1' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |

### Annotations

Etymology: childish reduplication of bon "good". Hence, bonbonniere (=> Bonbonnière (EuroLex)) (1818) "a box for sweets"
Source: http://www.etymonline.com

### Information on Other Languages

Danish: godte, bolsje
Italian: caramellina, zuccherino, confetto
Swedish: konfektbit
# EuroLex/F/Wardrobe

* Original language: French
* Original form and meaning: derived from the French word Garderobe (EuroLex)
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| English | wardrobe | 14c | '1. a tall cabinet, closet, or small room built to hold clothes; 2. garments considered as a group, especially all the articles of clothing that belong to one person; 3. a) the costumes belonging to a theatre or theatrical troupe; 3. b) the place in which theatrical costumes are kept; 4. the department in charge of wearing apparel, jewelry, and accessories in a royal or noble household' | 'a private chamber' | http://www.etymonline.com |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |

### Annotations

Etymology: from ONF warderobe, variant of OF garderobe "place where garments are kept", from warder "to keep, guard" + robe "garment". Meaning "a person's stock of clothes for wearing" is recorded from c.1400. Sense of "movable closed cupboard for wearing apparel" is recorded from 1794. Meaning "room in which theatrical costumes are kept" is attested from 1711.
Source: http://www.etymonline.com, http://dictionary.reference.com

### Information on Other Languages

--Assistant1 15:10, 7 February 2007 (CET)
# EuroLex/F/Toilette

Cf. also Toilet (EuroLex).
* Original language: French
* Original form and meaning: toilette 'lavatory, bathroom, to dress up'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| English | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Toilette | 18th c. | 1. 'fine women's clothing' (dial.), 2. 'lavatory' (dial.), 3. 'to dress oneself' (dial.), 4. 'clothes' (dial.), 5.'water closet'(dial.) | '...' | Birken-Silvermann 2003: 139 |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | toilette, toaletta | 1805, 1825 | 1. 'dressing table, to dress oneself' (dial.), 2. 'new clothes, lavatory' (dial.), 3. 'mirror' (dial.) | '...' | Birken-Silvermann 2003: 139 |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
# EuroLex/F/Trace

* Original language: French
* Original form and meaning: trace 'tincture, spoor, track, hint'
(Note: If the status is not specifically indicated then the word is stylistically neutral and generally used; if earlier meaning and status equals current use the former may be expressed by writing "dito". Cf. also the project guidelines.)
| Language | Form | Date of Borrowing (and Obsolescence) | Current Meaning and Status | Earlier Meanings and Statusses | Source |
| Catalan | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Croatian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Czech | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Danish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Dutch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| English | trace | 14th c. | 1. 'the track made by the passage of any person or thing, whether beaten by feet or indicated in any other way', 2. 'a beaten path through a wild an unenclosed region, made by the passage of men or beasts, a track, a trail' (U.S.), 3. 'vestiges of marks remaining and indicating the former presence, existence or action of something, an indication', 4. 'a mark or impression left on the face, the mind etc.', 5. 'a non-material indication or evidence of the presence or existance of something or of a former event or conditionl, a sign, mark', 6. 'a line or figure drawn, a tracing, drawing, or sketch of an object or of a piece of work, the traced record of a self-recording instrument' | '...' | OED |
| Estonian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Finnish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| French | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Frisian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| German | Trasse | 19th c. | 1. 'planned route, railway construction', 2. 'hard soil, solid ground' (dial.), 3. 'track, scent, distance when building roads' (dial.), 4. 'asphaltic or cemented ground' (dial.) | '...' | Birken-Silvermann 2003: 142 |
| Hungarian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Irish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Italian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Latvian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Lithuanian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Maltese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Norwegian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Polish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Portuguese | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Rumantsch | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovak | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Slovenian | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Spanish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |
| Swedish | ... | ... | '...' | '...' | ... |