OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# University

This page is for describing and exploring conceptions of "university".
A university is a space, either physical or virtual (or a blend of the two), in which to study a particular subject at an advanced level.
The word university is derived from the Latin phrase universitas magistrorum et scholarium, roughly meaning "community of teachers and scholars".

## How does a university work?

Universities have traditionally conducted education via lectures, seminars, tutorials, research groups, and laboratories. Its lecturers are usually engaged in research, which they are encouraged to publish regularly. Universities confer degrees on students who conform to certain academic standards. Degree types include the Bachelor, Masters and Doctorate (PhD) levels in the United States, though university systems differ quite widely from country to country.

## How a university doesn't work

It has been found that between 40% and 50% of higher education students do not complete their degrees. It is therefore particularly important that universities understand student motivations, capabilities, and interests so as to adjust content and pedgagogical processes in order to optimise student engagement and retention.
Research points to satisfaction with the college experience as a major contributor to students’ motivation and commitment. Satisfied students study harder, perform better and are therefore more motivated than less satisfied students.

## Knowledge

Consider the following two quotes:
   There is no longer a universe of knowledge as the term university might imply. Knowledge in the modern university is to be found in separate subject paradigms, which manage to coexist in the same university by not speaking to each other.
   One needs only to encounter a professional organization or interdepartmental politics at a university to be reminded of the degree to which specialization and isolation are basic facts of institutional life.
These perspectives tell us something about the way that knowledge is produced, preserved, and transmitted through time by universities.

## University of universities

One idealized or imagined conception of University is that of a University of Universities, an educational singularity.
# University of Bucharest

The University of Bucharest (in Romanian: Universitatea din București), in Romania, is a university founded in 1864 by decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza to convert the former Saint Sava Academy into the current University of Bucharest. It is the second oldest modern university in Romania.

## History

In 1694 Constantin Brâncoveanu, ruler of Wallachia, had founded the Princely Academy of Saint Sava in Bucharest with lectures delivered in Greek. In 1776, Alexander Ypsilantis, ruler of Wallachia, reformed the curriculum of the Saint Sava Academy, where courses of French, Italian and Latin were now taught. In 1859, the Faculty of Law was created. In 1857, Carol Davila created the National School of Medicine and Pharmacy. In 1857, the foundation stone of the University Palace in Bucharest was laid.
On July 4/16 1864 Prince Alexander John Cuza created the University of Bucharest, bringing together the Faculties of Law, Sciences and Letters as one single body. In the following years, new faculties were created: 1884 – the Faculty of Theology; 1906 – the Institute of Geology; 1913 – the Academic Institute for Electrotechnology; 1921 – the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; 1923 – the Faculty of Pharmacy, 1924 – the Mina Minovici Institute of Forensic Medicine.
In 1956, student leaders, mainly from this university, planned a peaceful protest against Romania's Communist regime but were forcibly prevented from carrying it out. (See Bucharest student movement of 1956)
For a while (1950s-early 1960s), it was called the "C. I. Parhon University", after C. I. Parhon.
# University of Canberra/Faculty of Health strategic plan submission

A page for individuals to coordinate submission towards a strategic plan being compiled in the Faculty of Health, University of Camberra.

## Existing work suggested for inclusion

If you have work out there that you'd like to see incorporated into this submission, please list it as a link below:
* Open education and research at the University of Canberra
* Open academia in practice
* A crisis for institutions, opportunities for teachers
* Open academic practices within Excellence in Research Australia?
* Proposed policy on intellectual property
* UCIP
* OpenUC
* Open academia: Principles and practices
* Wikis for research
# User interfaces

User interfaces are a significant area of computers and are multi-disciplinary in their nature because they represent the trait d'union between humans and machines. As computing becomes more and more pervasive this area grows and a broader range of people get involved and affected by it. UI design creates a massive impact on human to buy things rather then it's digital or not.
Main areas involved in User Interface are
* Design
* Programming
* Usability
as pointed out by Alan Cooper in his brilliant The Inmates Are Running the Asylum: Why High-Tech Products Drive Us Crazy and How to Restore the Sanity, often the area of interface design and programming are incompatible, and we could also state the same for graphical design. Everyone of us has experienced beautiful unusable programs, or ergonomic and ugly programs, or too-many-features-packed-in-a-single-form programs.
# User Page Design

User Page Design is a collaborative learning resource based on technical and esthetic considerations. Sometimes inquiries are also needed. Imaginative model user page designs may be created, or existing users may request new profiles.

## Some works

Works already created by this project's participants are to be listed here.
Homework
Answer for Social Networking
1.)What is the site you selected? A: I choose Cellufun website.
2.)What is the site's purpose and why is it considered a web 2.0 site? A: The site purpose is to entertain the user by playing social game on PC or mobile, moreover the user has an opportunity to join a social group while playing game, so user can get to know more people. It is considered as a web 2.0 site because the user get to talk to each other on the site, there is an action on the web-page among the users.
3.)What is your favorite website and why? A: In all four sites, Cellufun is my favorite website, because after you sign up to get a user you will be given a credit for using in the site, and you can use the credit on buying things at shopping mall in a game
such as new shirt, so it like a real thing. moreover you can play game or invite more people to join the site to earn more credit, or use real money from credit card to buy point.
The topic I chose is Cellufun
The purposes of this site is for playing games, chat and find shopping places
This website is my favorite website because it is already fulfilled.

## Requests

Sign down and add a few words clearing your request.
* I would like to ask for a new user page profile. I am willing to become a custodian, but I dont have enough technical skills at this time to make it, but I would like to have it good, because of custodian function.--Juandev 00:20, 9 January 2009 (UTC)

## Links and Mentors

* Forum:User Page Design - Discuss related issues here.
# Using MediaWiki Variables/Page name

A page name variable is one that expands to the name of a page or parts of a page name.
Every wiki page you visit belongs to a specific namespace. {{NAMESPACE}} expands to the namespace of the page you are currently viewing. When you view a page in the main namespace the variable expands to nothing (e.g: "") because the main namespace does not have a name. Try previewing a page in each namespace with {{NAMESPACE}} added. What do you see?
| | Using MediaWiki Variables/Page name | Using MediaWiki Variables/Page name |
| | {{FULLPAGENAME}} | {{FULLPAGENAME}} |
| | Using MediaWiki Variables/Page name | Using MediaWiki Variables/Page name |
| {{NAMESPACE}} | {{PAGENAMEE}} | {{PAGENAMEE}} |
| | Using MediaWiki Variables | Page name |
| {{NAMESPACE}} | {{BASEPAGENAME}} | {{SUBPAGENAME}} |
| | Using_MediaWiki_Variables | Page_name |
| {{NAMESPACEE}} | {{BASEPAGENAMEE}} | {{SUBPAGENAMEE}} |
# Using Wikipedia to Teach Writing

Why? 1. Because it's fun!
Presentation based on the article "Are We Ready to Use Wikipedia to Teach Writing? by Robert E. Cummings 30 April 2009 Dr. C. Harris ENG 481
In Outline of Rhetoric, James Herrick states that rhetoric is public-minded and wikis are public documents, which makes a wiki perfect writing space.
When doing creative writing it is a way to make students feel creative. (Frances)
Wikipedia allows students to see what their peers think while allowing students to freely express themselves whether they're right or wrong. (Brittany)
Wikipedia is a great tool for students to view the opinions of others and to express their own ideas. Wikis can also be a great way to encourage creative writing--Cassandra
# Summary, further reading, homework
## Learning goals
## Script

Web Science/Part1: Foundations of the web/Internet vs World Wide Web/Summary, further reading, homework/script
# Woodworking/Literature Review

This page aims to become a comprehensive bibliography of woodworking literature. Each publication is followed by a list of its major topics, each of which we aim to link to a page comparing the treatment of that topic across all the literature; this will also provide a comprehensive list of topics covered by the literature.

## Topics

In no particular order.
* Tools
* Glossary
* Machinery
* Construction
* Joints
* Hardware
* Veneering
* Carving
* Wood Turning
* Timber
* Panel Products (plywood, fibre board, chipboard, etc.)
* Seasoning
* Conversion
* Finishing
* Adhesives
* Designs
* Furniture Styles

## Publications
### Hayward, Charles Harold (1974) [1955]. The Complete Book of Woodwork (hardcover) (in English). London: Evans Brothers Ltd.. pp. 192pp. OpenLibrary OL8452485W.

    Tools; Light Machines; Construction; Joints; Metal Fittings; Veneering; Wood Carving; Wood Turning; Timber and Materials; Wood Finishing; Adhesives; Designs.

### Walton, John A. (1962) [1947]. Woodwork in Theory and Practice (hardcover) (in English). Sydney: The Australian Publishing Co. Pty. Ltd.. pp. 318pp.

    Tools; Materials; Technical Terms and Joints; Timber, Shrinkage, Seasoning, Conversion, Finishes, Etc.; Commercial Timbers; Veneers, Plywood, Fibre Boards; Furniture Styles, Design and Construction; Woodworking Machine Tools.
# Wright State University Lake Campus/2016-9/Phy1050

How things work college course Study guide Sample exams Syllabus miraheze
About the course reports If you have a private wiki, be sure to mention it in your course report.

## Roster

* Template:EduV/enroll
** Template:EduV/enroll
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* Template:EduV/enroll
* Template:EduV/enroll
# Quizbank/Flipped semester
## Reducing the cost of higher education

Vandegrift G, Heitkamp B, Partington A, Timmerman K
Share article  Email | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedIn | Mendeley | ResearchGate

### Abstract

The inflation adjusted cost of higher education in the United States has doubled in the past 25 years. The current student loan debt is $1.49 trillion, which is almost 7% of our $21.4 trillion dollar gross domestic product. A trend that has persisted for many decades is not likely to be reversed without a concerted effort, and the aforementioned monetary amounts are sufficiently large to warrant serious investments in search of alleviation. For example, the expected value of a proposed reform that reduces tuition costs by 1% for 1 year is almost certainly over $10 million dollars, even if the proposal has only a 1% chance of succeeding. Extrapolate this to a 10% reduction with 10% probability of success over 10 years of accrued savings, and the expected value is $10 billion (current) dollars. Two proposals are discussed here: One involves the hosting of open source computer programs that are typically offered on a commercial basis, and the other is that students have the opportunity to take an online standardized test as a "prelim" that allows them to complete a course with a reduction in both contact hours and required tuition and fees.
* Maintenance of educational open source software platforms. Physics students explored a sample version of a commercially available version of SPICE (Simulation Program with Integrated Circuit Emphasis) as a means to supplement the electronics component of physics or engineering courses.
* Cut student/teacher contact time with a "flipped semester": The flipped semester would be an extension of the well-known flipped classroom where students acquire the basic skills, knowledge, and vocabulary online, outside the classroom. Instead of tasking individual instructors with organizing the online learning, an vast open source exam bank with accompanying study guides could be used so that students could prepare for preliminary entrance exams. Those that pass these "prelims" could then opt for a much truncated course with a corresponding reduction in tuition. And, high school students could begin to prepare for these prelims during summer vacation, while they are still living at home. This bank of exam questions and study guides needs to be so vast that each individual college or instructor could select those portions that need to be mastered before a student could take the class. The intent is not to create a uniform curriculum or set of standards, but a repository of materials from which educators can select and set their own standards.
Online services like these can be maintained at very little cost and should be subsidized by the government in the same way access to state and national parks is made available to the public. The internet has made knowledge somewhat akin to Yosemite Falls, priceless but easily made universally available at virtually zero cost to the taxpayer.
The next step is to make accreditation of a portion of this knowledge freely available to everybody. Read about it here.
# Radio Discussion/Living on Earth/2008.1.18/Segment 7

Geophonic Works

## Wikilinks

* w:Climate change
* w:Visualization (graphic)
* w:Carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere
* w:Ice core
# Radio Discussion/Living on Earth/2008.2.8

This show was first broadcast on February 8, 2008. Audio downloads and a transcript are available on this website:
The links for this week's show were provided by:
Participant feedback will be in Category:Radio Discussions feedback/Living on Earth/2008.2.8
# Radio Discussion/Living on Earth/2008.2.8/Segment 2

Wall Street Buys Into Climate Change

## Topics

* Wall Street investors are taking carbon emissions into account when deciding the value of power generation companies
# Radio Discussion/Living on Earth/2008.1.18/Segment 4

Cloned Little Piggies Going to Market?
Report by Jeff Young brings up the question, if the meat of cloned animals is safe enough to consume. Share your thoughts on the discussion page.

## Wikilinks

* Cloning
* Food safety
* Food and Drug Administration
* (No article on Stephen Sundlof, the FDA's food safety director)
* Barbara Mikulski - Democratic Senator from Maryland
* Rosa DeLauro - Congresswoman from Connecticut
* Marion Nestle - Author interviewed for this segment
* Flavr Savr - A genetically modified tomato
* United States Department of Agriculture
# Radio Discussion/Living on Earth/2008.1.18/Segment 9

Wireless Science

## Wikilinks

* w:High Performance Wireless Research and Education Network
# Radio Discussion/Living on Earth/2008.1.18/Segment 3

Waste Not....Here

## Wikilinks

* Yucca Mountain
* Radioactive waste (includes long term management of radioactive waste)
* Deep geological repository
* Harry Reid
# Radio Discussion/Living on Earth/2008.1.18/Segment 6

Water Calculator

## Wikilinks

* w:Food & Water Watch

## Questions

Take a guess at how many gallons you use per day, then try the calculator.
* How many gallons do you use?
* Was your result different than your guess?
* Do you actively try to conserve water?
# Radio Discussion/Living on Earth/2008.2.8/Segment 1

Coal's Carbon Capture in Question

## Topics

* US government cut funding for carbon capture
# Radio Discussion/Living on Earth/2008.1.18/Segment 5

From Toilet to Tap

## Wikilinks

* Orange County
* Sewage treatment
* Reverse osmosis
* Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation
* Peroxide
** (note: segment did not specify which peroxide)
# Radio Discussion/Living on Earth/2008.2.1

This show was first broadcast on February 1, 2008. Audio downloads and a transcript are available on this website:
The links for this week's show were provided by:
Participant feedback will be in Category:Radio Discussions feedback/Living on Earth/2008.2.1
# Reconstructing lost plays

Humanities > School of Language and Literature > Department for Literary Studies > Writing Centre
Plays have been lost since antiquity. The purpose of the project is to reconstruct them in the English language from available evidence.

## Antiquity

A Lost Plays Database exits in regard to Greek and Roman plays of antiquity at http://lostgreekplays.com/.

### Greek

Most Greek plays of antiquity written by Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides , and Aristophanes have been lost, but the stories may be obtained at least in part through books of Greek mythology, notably The Greek Myths (1955), a compendium assembled by Robert Graves.

### Roman
## Renaissance
### English

A database of lost English plays exists at http://www.lostplays.org/index.php/Main_Page. One example of a lost play is The History of Cardenio by John Fletcher (playwright) and William Shakespeare, reconstructed by Gary Taylor (scholar)
Another example of a lost English Renaissance play that may be reconstructed is Keep the Widow Waking by John Webster and others.

#### Keep the Widow Waking

A description of the lost play is given at this Internet site:
http://www.lostplays.org/index.php/Late_Murder_in_White_Chapel,_or_Keep_the_Widow_Waking#.E2.80.9CTragic.E2.80.9D_plot:_The_murder_of_Joan_Tindall_by_her_son.2C_Nathaniel_Tindall
From that text, we attempt to reconstruct the entire play.
See
Keep the Widow Waking
# Reconstructing lost plays/Keep the Widow Waking

Keep the Widow Waking is a lost Jacobean play, significant chiefly for the light it throws on the complexities of collaborative authorship in English Renaissance drama.

## Characters (12)

    Anne Grindall, widow
    Toby Audley, suitor to Anne
    Nathaniel Grindall, son to Anne
    Martha Jackson, friend to Anne
    Mary Spenser, friend to Toby
    Margery Spenser, mother to Mary
    Nicholas Cartmell, vicar
    Francis Holiday, curate
    John Audley, lawyer and brother to Toby
    Barless, constable
    Bragg, jailer
    Sarah, abortionist

## Time

    1624

## Place

    London

## Acts

* Act 1
* Act 2
* Act 3
* Act 4
* Act 5

## See Also

* Wikipedia: Keep the Widow Waking
# Recognizing Fallacies/Quick Reference

This quick reference lists common logical fallacies.

## Fallacies of Relevance

* Argument from Ignorance
* Appeal to Inappropriate Authority
* Argument Ad Hominem (Personal attacks)
* Appeal to Emotion
* Appeal to Pity
* Appeal to Force
* Irrelevant conclusions

## Fallacies of Presumption

* Complex Question
* False Dilemma
* False Cause
* Begging the Question (Circular reasoning)
* Accident and Converse Accident (Drawing hasty conclusions)

## Fallacies of Ambiguity

* Equivocation
* Amphiboly (Syntactic ambiguity)
* Accent (Verbal emphasis)
* Composition (Generalizing to the class from one instance)
* Division (Generalizing from the whole to each of its parts)

## Formal Fallacies

* Affirming the consequent
* Denying the antecedent
# Software applications/Overview/Part-up/Promote Part-up/Local governments

On this page you can find more information about Part-Up being used bij local governments.

## Introduction

See Dutch Youtube about social innovation (2012).

## Agenda

* See also: http://blog.part-up.com/blogs/2015/10/11/part-up-on-tour
* 27-11-15: Gemeente Amsterdam

## How do you convince a local government?

* How do you convince a local government to use Part-Up?
** One reason for local governments to use part-up is to engage citizens. Are there any examples?
# Software applications/Overview/Part-up/Questions

* How many developers work for Part-up?
* In which programming language is Part-up build?
* Is it correct that Part-up wants to become open source? What steps are necessary to become open source?

## November

* Stimulate activity: What about part-ups that show not much activity? It would be nice if you can filter part-ups that have little activity. Or part-ups that show little activity should be removed. On 05.10.15 User:Timboliu discussed this with the Part-up development team. An 'auto take down notice' is added to the product backlog.
# Software applications/Overview/Part-up/Users

In Octobre 2015 Part-up has 1500 registered users.
# Software applications/Overview/Part-up/Projects/Call prospects

* Call customers in a certain domain (see below) and ask them for cases/ projects that they need help with.
* We could also start with finding a part-up contactperson. This person will help the part-up community with finding possible cases that

## Domains and organizations

* Healthcare: Veteranenloket (http://veteranenloket.nl/)
* Telecom: