# Astronomy college course/Unit 1 study guide

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### AstroTest1_Study-v1s1

1. When did astronomy split between theoretical and observational branches?
    ___ a) In the 19th century
    ___ b) In the 18th century
    ___ c) After Galileo
    ___ d) In the 20th century
    ___ e) In the last decade
2. What does the Wikipedia 'Astronomy' call astrology?
    ___ a) the study of comets and asteroids
    ___ b) the study of planetary atmospheres
    ___ c) the belief system which claims that human affairs are correlated with the positions of celestial objects.
    ___ d) the belief that all people should learn astronomy
    ___ e) the study of planetary cores
3. Cosmology is the study of
    ___ a) the birth and death of stars
    ___ b) the formation of the solar system
    ___ c) planetary atmospheres
    ___ d) the universe as a whole
    ___ e) the oceans
4. What does the Wikipedia 'Astronomy' article say about astronomy and astrophysics
    ___ a) They often yield different results
    ___ b) They are often considered to be opposites
    ___ c) They must be in agreement or the result cannot be trusted
    ___ d) They are often considered to be synonymous
    ___ e) They are often in conflict
5. The goecentric theory put the Sun
    ___ a) at the center of the universe
    ___ b) orbiting around the Moon
    ___ c) at the center of the solar system
    ___ d) in orbit around Earth
    ___ e) none of the above or below are true
6. In the 3rd century BC, Aristarchus of Samos estimated the size of
    ___ a) Earth and the Moon
    ___ b) Earth and the Sun
    ___ c) the Moon and Sun
    ___ d) the Sun
    ___ e) the Moon
7. In the 19th century Fraunhoffer and Kirchoff studied light from the Sun and found
    ___ a) Mercury's shadow
    ___ b) a wobble that led to the discovery of new planets
    ___ c) a golden ring
    ___ d) sunspots and the sunspot cycle
    ___ e) spectral lines and concluded that they were caused by the elements
8. The ancient Greeks discovered (named) most of the constellations
    ___ a) in the eastern hemisphere
    ___ b) in both all hemispheres
    ___ c) in the western hemisphere
    ___ d) in the southern hemisphere
    ___ e) in the northern hemisphere
9. When did astronmers establish that the Milky way is only one of many billions of galaxies in the universe?
    ___ a) 18th century
    ___ b) 14th century
    ___ c) 20th century
    ___ d) 16th century
10. According to the Wikipedia Astronomy article, the first known efforts in the mathematical and scientific study of Astronomy began
    ___ a) in south America
    ___ b) in ancient Greece
    ___ c) among the Chinese
    ___ d) among the Babylonians
    ___ e) in central America
11. How many years did it take before Europe made a device as sophisticated as Antikythera?
    ___ a) 3000 years
    ___ b) 15,000 years
    ___ c) 300 years
    ___ d) 1500 years
    ___ e) 30 years
12. The saro cycle was about repeating cycles of
    ___ a) eclipses
    ___ b) planets
    ___ c) seasons
    ___ a) Ptolemy
    ___ b) Aristotle
    ___ c) Kepler
    ___ d) Galileo
    ___ e) Copernicus
14. In what century was parallax first used to measure the distance to a Star (other than our Sun)?
    ___ a) 17th century
    ___ b) 18th century
    ___ c) 20th century
    ___ d) 16th century
    ___ e) 19th century
15. The largest galaxy in the local group is
    ___ a) M-31
    ___ b) M52
    ___ c) Milky way
    ___ d) Andromeda
    ___ e) ant-galexy
16. What two names are associated with the first new planet found (after those known by the ancients using the naked eye)
    ___ a) Mars and the Candy Bar
    ___ b) Pluto and Goofy
    ___ c) Mercury and Friendship
    ___ d) Uranus and George's Star
    ___ e) Neptune and the Alabama Streaker
17. The historical record shows that in 1066 AD a supernovae was discovered by astronomers in _____ and _____
    ___ a) Greece and China
    ___ b) Egypt and China
    ___ c) Greece and North America
    ___ d) China and South America
    ___ e) Greece and Central America
    ___ a) a supernovae remnant
    ___ b) the magnetic field of Venus
    ___ c) the magnetic field of Saturn
    ___ d) colliding galaxies
    ___ e) a dying star
19. Wihlem Conrad Rontgen, a pioneer in X-rays is famous for his photo of
    ___ a) a supernovae
    ___ b) his wife
    ___ c) Barnard's star
    ___ d) a double star
    ___ e) The Sun
20. Earth based infrared observatories tend to be located in
    ___ a) near the north and south poles
    ___ b) where the air is dry
    ___ c) where the air is cold
    ___ d) near the equator
    ___ e) underground
21. The shortest wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is associated with
    ___ a) ultra violet
    ___ b) gamma rays
    ___ c) infrared
    ___ d) blue light
    ___ e) X-rays
    ___ a) a globular cluster
    ___ b) one galaxy
    ___ c) a cluster of galaxy
    ___ d) none of these is correct
    ___ e) an open cluster of stars
23. Most of the ______ that astronomers observe from Earth is seen in the form of synchrotron radiation, which is produced when electrons oscillate around magnetic fields.
    ___ a) energy
    ___ b) meteors
    ___ c) radio waves
    ___ d) meteorites
    ___ e) photons
24. Most gamma rays are
    ___ a) the Andromeda galaxy
    ___ b) in bursts
    ___ c) from hot stars
    ___ d) from cold stars
    ___ e) from the Sun
25. Studies in the infrared are useful for objects that are
    ___ a) in other galaxies
    ___ b) associated with supernovae
    ___ c) cold
    ___ d) in our own galaxy
    ___ e) inside the solar system
26. The best place to observe neutrinos is
    ___ a) near the equator
    ___ b) where the air is dry
    ___ c) near the north and south poles
    ___ d) underground
    ___ e) where the air is cold
27. An active galaxy is emitting a significant amount of its energy from _____
    ___ a) nuclear fission
    ___ b) exploding stars
    ___ c) magnetism
    ___ d) gravity
    ___ e) nuclear fusion
28. The Wikipedia article Sidereus Nuncius suggests that the inventor of the telescope was likely to be
    ___ a) Galileo
    ___ b) none of these
    ___ c) a Chinese scientist
    ___ d) A Greek scholar
    ___ e) a lensmaker
29. Galileo called his telescope
    ___ a) a mistake
    ___ b) the liberator
    ___ c) a double magnifying glass
    ___ d) an optical cannon
    ___ e) the magic eye
30. The "terminator" for Galileo was
    ___ a) the most distant star he could see
    ___ b) sunrise or sunset
    ___ c) the division between east and west
    ___ d) his trial for heresy
    ___ e) the equator
31. Galileo used the terminator to
    ___ a) deduce the color beneath the dust layer
    ___ b) observe the wobble of the Moon's orbit
    ___ c) compensate for stellar parallax
    ___ d) none of these
    ___ e) correlate color with whether the region had mountains
32. Galileo used the terminator to
    ___ a) publicize his ideas
    ___ b) correlate dark and light regions with terrain
    ___ c) measure the height of mountains
    ___ d) two of these
    ___ e) compensate for stellar parallax
33. What statement is FALSE about Galileo and the Median Stars
    ___ a) Galileo named them after a famous and wealthy family
    ___ b) they were lined up
    ___ c) they are actually moons
    ___ d) they were described by Aristotle
    ___ e) motion could be observed after observing a moon for just one hour
34. The title of Galileo's book, Sidereus Nuncius, is often translated as ____, but it is probably more proper to translate it as _______
    ___ a) the motion of the stars - - the location of the stars
    ___ b) Starry messenger - - Starry message
    ___ c) the Moon close up - - the Moon through a telescope
    ___ d) the motion of the earth - - the location of the earth
    ___ e) the moons of Jupiter
35. The Wikipedia article, Sidereus Nuncius, points out that what the ancient Greek scientist thought was a cloudy star was really
    ___ a) a planetary nebula
    ___ b) a supernovae remnant
    ___ c) a comet
    ___ d) many faint stars
    ___ e) the rings of Saturn
36. Galileo's naming of the "Medicean Stars"
    ___ a) two of these are true
    ___ b) was controversial because stars were supposed to be named after Roman gods
    ___ c) broke an agreement he made with the Pope to stop writing about astronomy
    ___ d) caused his house arrest
    ___ e) might have earned him a promotion
37. When the German astronomy Marius provided evidence that he (Marius) had first seen the moons of Jupiter, Galileo
    ___ a) used his political contacts to ensure that he (Galileo) would get credit
    ___ b) appealed to the Pope
    ___ c) pointed out that the telescope Marius was using could not have seen the Moons
    ___ d) won the argument using his knowledge of calendars
    ___ e) didn't care; he was a true scientist
38. Prior to the publication of Sidereus Nuncius, the Church
    ___ a) had outlawed all discussion of the Copernican heliocentric system
    ___ b) had given Galileo a commission to look into the Copernican heliocentric system
    ___ c) none of these are true (according to the Wikipedia permalink to Sidereus Nuncius.)
    ___ d) was unaware of any controversy concerning the Copernican heliocentric system
    ___ e) accepted the Copernican heliocentric system as strictly mathematical and hypothetical
39. The Ptolemaic system was geocentric.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
40. The Ptolemaic system was heliocentric.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
41. Most ancient Roman and most medieval scholars thought the Earth was flat.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
42. Evidence for the Copernican system is that the Earth does not seem to move.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
43. The ancient Greeks believed in circular orbits, causing them to devise the epicycle and the deferent.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
44. Copernicus was a university-trained Catholic priest dedicated to astronomy.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
45. In the late 16th century, Tycho Brahe invented his system to resolve philosophical and what he called “physical" problems with the geocentric theory.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
46. Copernicus shared his heliocentric theory with colleagues decades before he died.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
47. In the late 16th century, Tycho Brahe invented his system to resolve philosophical and what he called “physical" problems with the heliocentric theory.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
48. An argument used to support the geocentric model held that heavenly bodies, while perhaps large, were able to move quickly.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
49. Tycho tended to favor religious arguments over scientific arguments when justifying his opinions about the geocentric/heliocentric controversy.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
50. Tycho was the first to propose an earth-orbiting sun had planets in orbit around the Sun.
    ___ a) TRUE
    ___ b) FALSE
51. At 6am a new moon would be
    ___ a) below the horizon
    ___ b) western horizon
    ___ c) overhead
    ___ d) eastern horizon
52. At midnight a third quarter moon would be
    ___ a) western horizon
    ___ b) overhead
    ___ c) below the horizon
    ___ d) eastern horizon
53. At noon a third quarter moon would be
    ___ a) western horizon
    ___ b) below the horizon
    ___ c) eastern horizon
    ___ d) overhead
54. At midnight a 1st quarter moon would be
    ___ a) eastern horizon
    ___ b) below the horizon
    ___ c) overhead
    ___ d) western horizon
55. At 6pm a new moon would be
    ___ a) eastern horizon
    ___ b) below the horizon
    ___ c) western horizon
    ___ d) overhead
56. At noon a 1st quarter moon would be
    ___ a) western horizon
    ___ b) overhead
    ___ c) below the horizon
    ___ d) eastern horizon
57. At 6pm a third quarter moon would be
    ___ a) western horizon
    ___ b) overhead
    ___ c) eastern horizon
    ___ d) below the horizon
58. At noon a new moon would be
    ___ a) eastern horizon
    ___ b) overhead
    ___ c) western horizon
    ___ d) below the horizon
59. At midnight a full moon would be
    ___ a) western horizon
    ___ b) eastern horizon
    ___ c) below the horizon
    ___ d) overhead
60. At 6pm a full moon would be
    ___ a) overhead
    ___ b) below the horizon
    ___ c) eastern horizon
    ___ d) western horizon

#### Key to AstroTest1_Study-v1s1

1. When did astronomy split between theoretical and observational branches?
       - a) In the 19th century
       - b) In the 18th century
       - c) After Galileo
       + d) In the 20th century
       - e) In the last decade
2. What does the Wikipedia 'Astronomy' call astrology?
       - a) the study of comets and asteroids
       - b) the study of planetary atmospheres
       + c) the belief system which claims that human affairs are correlated with the positions of celestial objects.
       - d) the belief that all people should learn astronomy
       - e) the study of planetary cores
3. Cosmology is the study of
       - a) the birth and death of stars
       - b) the formation of the solar system
       - c) planetary atmospheres
       + d) the universe as a whole
       - e) the oceans
4. What does the Wikipedia 'Astronomy' article say about astronomy and astrophysics
       - a) They often yield different results
       - b) They are often considered to be opposites
       - c) They must be in agreement or the result cannot be trusted
       + d) They are often considered to be synonymous
       - e) They are often in conflict
5. The goecentric theory put the Sun
       - a) at the center of the universe
       - b) orbiting around the Moon
       - c) at the center of the solar system
       + d) in orbit around Earth
       - e) none of the above or below are true
6. In the 3rd century BC, Aristarchus of Samos estimated the size of
       - a) Earth and the Moon
       - b) Earth and the Sun
       + c) the Moon and Sun
       - d) the Sun
       - e) the Moon
7. In the 19th century Fraunhoffer and Kirchoff studied light from the Sun and found
       - a) Mercury's shadow
       - b) a wobble that led to the discovery of new planets
       - c) a golden ring
       - d) sunspots and the sunspot cycle
       + e) spectral lines and concluded that they were caused by the elements
8. The ancient Greeks discovered (named) most of the constellations
       - a) in the eastern hemisphere
       - b) in both all hemispheres
       - c) in the western hemisphere
       - d) in the southern hemisphere
       + e) in the northern hemisphere
9. When did astronmers establish that the Milky way is only one of many billions of galaxies in the universe?
       - a) 18th century
       - b) 14th century
       + c) 20th century
       - d) 16th century
10. According to the Wikipedia Astronomy article, the first known efforts in the mathematical and scientific study of Astronomy began
       - a) in south America
       - b) in ancient Greece
       - c) among the Chinese
       + d) among the Babylonians
       - e) in central America
11. How many years did it take before Europe made a device as sophisticated as Antikythera?
       - a) 3000 years
       - b) 15,000 years
       - c) 300 years
       + d) 1500 years
       - e) 30 years
12. The saro cycle was about repeating cycles of
       + a) eclipses
       - b) planets
       - c) seasons
       - a) Ptolemy
       - b) Aristotle
       - c) Kepler
       + d) Galileo
       - e) Copernicus
14. In what century was parallax first used to measure the distance to a Star (other than our Sun)?
       - a) 17th century
       - b) 18th century
       - c) 20th century
       - d) 16th century
       + e) 19th century
15. The largest galaxy in the local group is
       - a) M-31
       - b) M52
       - c) Milky way
       + d) Andromeda
       - e) ant-galexy
16. What two names are associated with the first new planet found (after those known by the ancients using the naked eye)
       - a) Mars and the Candy Bar
       - b) Pluto and Goofy
       - c) Mercury and Friendship
       + d) Uranus and George's Star
       - e) Neptune and the Alabama Streaker
17. The historical record shows that in 1066 AD a supernovae was discovered by astronomers in _____ and _____
       - a) Greece and China
       + b) Egypt and China
       - c) Greece and North America
       - d) China and South America
       - e) Greece and Central America
       - a) a supernovae remnant
       - b) the magnetic field of Venus
       - c) the magnetic field of Saturn
       - d) colliding galaxies
       + e) a dying star
19. Wihlem Conrad Rontgen, a pioneer in X-rays is famous for his photo of
       - a) a supernovae
       + b) his wife
       - c) Barnard's star
       - d) a double star
       - e) The Sun
20. Earth based infrared observatories tend to be located in
       - a) near the north and south poles
       + b) where the air is dry
       - c) where the air is cold
       - d) near the equator
       - e) underground
21. The shortest wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is associated with
       - a) ultra violet
       + b) gamma rays
       - c) infrared
       - d) blue light
       - e) X-rays
       - a) a globular cluster
       + b) one galaxy
       - c) a cluster of galaxy
       - d) none of these is correct
       - e) an open cluster of stars
23. Most of the ______ that astronomers observe from Earth is seen in the form of synchrotron radiation, which is produced when electrons oscillate around magnetic fields.
       - a) energy
       - b) meteors
       + c) radio waves
       - d) meteorites
       - e) photons
24. Most gamma rays are
       - a) the Andromeda galaxy
       + b) in bursts
       - c) from hot stars
       - d) from cold stars
       - e) from the Sun
25. Studies in the infrared are useful for objects that are
       - a) in other galaxies
       - b) associated with supernovae
       + c) cold
       - d) in our own galaxy
       - e) inside the solar system
26. The best place to observe neutrinos is
       - a) near the equator
       - b) where the air is dry
       - c) near the north and south poles
       + d) underground
       - e) where the air is cold
27. An active galaxy is emitting a significant amount of its energy from _____
       - a) nuclear fission
       - b) exploding stars
       - c) magnetism
       + d) gravity
       - e) nuclear fusion
28. The Wikipedia article Sidereus Nuncius suggests that the inventor of the telescope was likely to be
       - a) Galileo
       - b) none of these
       - c) a Chinese scientist
       - d) A Greek scholar
       + e) a lensmaker
29. Galileo called his telescope
       - a) a mistake
       - b) the liberator
       - c) a double magnifying glass
       + d) an optical cannon
       - e) the magic eye
30. The "terminator" for Galileo was
       - a) the most distant star he could see
       + b) sunrise or sunset
       - c) the division between east and west
       - d) his trial for heresy
       - e) the equator
31. Galileo used the terminator to
       - a) deduce the color beneath the dust layer
       - b) observe the wobble of the Moon's orbit
       - c) compensate for stellar parallax
       - d) none of these
       + e) correlate color with whether the region had mountains
32. Galileo used the terminator to
       - a) publicize his ideas
       - b) correlate dark and light regions with terrain
       - c) measure the height of mountains
       + d) two of these
       - e) compensate for stellar parallax
33. What statement is FALSE about Galileo and the Median Stars
       - a) Galileo named them after a famous and wealthy family
       - b) they were lined up
       - c) they are actually moons
       + d) they were described by Aristotle
       - e) motion could be observed after observing a moon for just one hour
34. The title of Galileo's book, Sidereus Nuncius, is often translated as ____, but it is probably more proper to translate it as _______
       - a) the motion of the stars - - the location of the stars
       + b) Starry messenger - - Starry message
       - c) the Moon close up - - the Moon through a telescope
       - d) the motion of the earth - - the location of the earth
       - e) the moons of Jupiter
35. The Wikipedia article, Sidereus Nuncius, points out that what the ancient Greek scientist thought was a cloudy star was really
       - a) a planetary nebula
       - b) a supernovae remnant
       - c) a comet
       + d) many faint stars
       - e) the rings of Saturn
36. Galileo's naming of the "Medicean Stars"
       + a) two of these are true
       - b) was controversial because stars were supposed to be named after Roman gods
       - c) broke an agreement he made with the Pope to stop writing about astronomy
       - d) caused his house arrest
       - e) might have earned him a promotion
37. When the German astronomy Marius provided evidence that he (Marius) had first seen the moons of Jupiter, Galileo
       - a) used his political contacts to ensure that he (Galileo) would get credit
       - b) appealed to the Pope
       - c) pointed out that the telescope Marius was using could not have seen the Moons
       + d) won the argument using his knowledge of calendars
       - e) didn't care; he was a true scientist
38. Prior to the publication of Sidereus Nuncius, the Church
       - a) had outlawed all discussion of the Copernican heliocentric system
       - b) had given Galileo a commission to look into the Copernican heliocentric system
       - c) none of these are true (according to the Wikipedia permalink to Sidereus Nuncius.)
       - d) was unaware of any controversy concerning the Copernican heliocentric system
       + e) accepted the Copernican heliocentric system as strictly mathematical and hypothetical
39. The Ptolemaic system was geocentric.
       + a) TRUE
       - b) FALSE
40. The Ptolemaic system was heliocentric.
       - a) TRUE
       + b) FALSE
41. Most ancient Roman and most medieval scholars thought the Earth was flat.
       - a) TRUE
       + b) FALSE
42. Evidence for the Copernican system is that the Earth does not seem to move.
       - a) TRUE
       + b) FALSE
43. The ancient Greeks believed in circular orbits, causing them to devise the epicycle and the deferent.
       + a) TRUE
       - b) FALSE
44. Copernicus was a university-trained Catholic priest dedicated to astronomy.
       + a) TRUE
       - b) FALSE
45. In the late 16th century, Tycho Brahe invented his system to resolve philosophical and what he called “physical" problems with the geocentric theory.
       - a) TRUE
       + b) FALSE
46. Copernicus shared his heliocentric theory with colleagues decades before he died.
       + a) TRUE
       - b) FALSE
47. In the late 16th century, Tycho Brahe invented his system to resolve philosophical and what he called “physical" problems with the heliocentric theory.
       + a) TRUE
       - b) FALSE
48. An argument used to support the geocentric model held that heavenly bodies, while perhaps large, were able to move quickly.
       + a) TRUE
       - b) FALSE
49. Tycho tended to favor religious arguments over scientific arguments when justifying his opinions about the geocentric/heliocentric controversy.
       - a) TRUE
       + b) FALSE
50. Tycho was the first to propose an earth-orbiting sun had planets in orbit around the Sun.
       - a) TRUE
       + b) FALSE
51. At 6am a new moon would be
       - a) below the horizon
       - b) western horizon
       - c) overhead
       + d) eastern horizon
52. At midnight a third quarter moon would be
       - a) western horizon
       - b) overhead
       - c) below the horizon
       + d) eastern horizon
53. At noon a third quarter moon would be
       + a) western horizon
       - b) below the horizon
       - c) eastern horizon
       - d) overhead
54. At midnight a 1st quarter moon would be
       - a) eastern horizon
       - b) below the horizon
       - c) overhead
       + d) western horizon
55. At 6pm a new moon would be
       - a) eastern horizon
       - b) below the horizon
       + c) western horizon
       - d) overhead
56. At noon a 1st quarter moon would be
       - a) western horizon
       - b) overhead
       - c) below the horizon
       + d) eastern horizon
57. At 6pm a third quarter moon would be
       - a) western horizon
       - b) overhead
       - c) eastern horizon
       + d) below the horizon
58. At noon a new moon would be
       - a) eastern horizon
       + b) overhead
       - c) western horizon
       - d) below the horizon
59. At midnight a full moon would be
       - a) western horizon
       - b) eastern horizon
       - c) below the horizon
       + d) overhead
60. At 6pm a full moon would be
       - a) overhead
       - b) below the horizon
       + c) eastern horizon
       - d) western horizon

   ##### Attribution (for quiz questions) under CC-by-SA license

    http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomy_college_course/Astronomy_(wikipedia)/Quiz01&oldid=1387156
    https://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomy_college_course/Astronomy_(wikipedia)/Quiz02&oldid=1387715
    https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Astronomy_college_course/Wikipedia_Sidereus_Nuncius/Quiz01
    http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomy_college_course/Ptolemy,_Copernicus_and_Tycho_systems/Quiz01&oldid=1388143
    http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomy_college_course/Lunar_Phases/Quiz(simple)&oldid=1388138

   ##### Study guide

    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomy&oldid=586057527
    http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sidereus_Nuncius&oldid=587554840
    http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Guy_vandegrift/Astronomy_college_course/Ptolemy,_Copernicus_and_Tycho_systems
    http://en.wikiversity.org/w/index.php?title=Astronomy_college_course/Lunar_Phases&oldid=1190185