OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Psychological needs and implicit motives

Lecture XX: Psychological needs and implicit motives This is the fourth lecture for the motivation and emotion unit of study.

## Overview

This lecture discusses human motivation in terms of psychological needs and implicit motives.

## Images

* Challenge vs. skill
* Maslow's hierarchy of needs

## Multimedia

This video explains the psychological ingredients for harnessing motivation in the workplace:
* Dan Pink on the surprising science of motivation (RSA Animate) (11 min)
This video provides an example of one of the main type of social need - the need for power:
* BBC Interview with Rupert Murdoch (YouTube, 1968) (6 min)

## Readings

* Chapter 06: Psychological needs (Reeve, 2015)
* Chapter 07: Implicit motives (Reeve, 2015)

## Slides

* Lecture slides (Slideshare)
* 2016 handouts:
** Download 6 slides to a page:
** Download 3 slides to a page:
# Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Personality, motivation and emotion

Lecture X: Personality, motivation and emotion This is the Xth lecture for the motivation and emotion unit of study.

## Overview

This lecture considers the relationships between personality, motivation, and emotion, with a focus on happiness, arousal, and control.

## Readings

* Chapter 13: Personality characteristics (Reeve, 2009)

## Slides

* Lecture slides (Slideshare)
* 2014 handouts:
** Download 6 slides to a page:
** Download 3 slides to a page:
# Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Unconscious motivation

Lecture 10: Unconscious motivation This is the tenth lecture for the motivation and emotion unit of study.

## Overview

This lecture:
* discusses unconscious aspects of motivation, including historical psychoanalytic perspectives and contemporary perspectives about the adaptive unconscious, priming, and psychodynamics
Take-home message:
* Motivation often arises from, and is influenced by, sources byeond conscious awareness

## Outline

* Psychodynamic perspective
* The unconscious
* Psychodynamics
* Ego psychology
* Object relations theory

## Multimedia

* Psychological priming (Bang Goes the Theory, YouTube) (6:14 mins): shows three experiments which indicate that, when primed by handling money, people eat more chocolate, are less likely to help others, and can tolerate more pain.
* How your unconscious mind rules your behaviour (Leonard Mlodinow, TEDxReset 2013, YouTube) (12:51 mins): Examples of unconscious perception and decision making from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Note: camera work and editing is poor.

## Readings

* Chapter 16: Unconscious motivation (Reeve, 2018)
# Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Overview

There are 12 x 2 hour lectures.
Lectures explain and extend material covered in the readings.
Lecture recordings are available.
Each lecture page provides:
* Overview
* Slides and handouts
* Readings from Reeve (2018)
* Resources and links <noinclude>
# Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Motivation and goals

Lecture 5: Extrinsic motivation and goal-setting This is the fifth lecture for the motivation and emotion unit of study.

## Overview

This lecture discusses intrinsic and extrinsic motivations, goal-setting, feedback, and goal striving.

## Readings

* Chapter 05: Extrinsic motivation (Reeve, 2015)
* Chapter 08: Goal setting and goal striving (Reeve, 2015)

## Images

* Carrot and stick motivation
* No help for Giusto Cerutti - Tour de France 1928.

## Multimedia

This video discusses that most of us thrive by making constant progress and feeling a sense of purpose. Two eye-opening experiments are discussed:
* What makes us feel good about our work? Dan Ariely (TEDx talk, 2013) (20 min; but start at 9:54)
The video argues against the conventional wisdom of making our goals public because, when we do so, we get a (false) satisfaction that undermines future effort:
* Keep your goals to yourself (Derek Sivers, TED talk, 2010) (3 min)

## Slides

* Lecture slides (Slideshare)
* 2016 handouts:
** Download 6 slides to a page:
** Download 3 slides to a page:
# Motivation and emotion/Lectures/Mindsets, control, and the self

Lecture 06: Mindsets, control, and the self This is the sixth lecture for the motivation and emotion unit of study.

## Overview

This lecture discusses:
* mindsets
* personal control beliefs
* the self and its strivings
Take-home messages:
* Different mindsets lead to different goal striving strategies
* The core efficacy belief of "I can do it" and the outcome belief of "it will work" lead to competent, enthusiastic functioning
* Exerting self-control over short-term urges is needed to pursue long-term goals; but this capacity is limited and needs replenishment

## Outline

Mindsets
* What are mindsets?
* Deliberative – Implemental
* Prevention – Promotion
* Fixed – Growth
* Dissonance – Consistency
Personal control beliefs
* Expectancy and control
* Self-efficacy
* Stress and coping
* Mastery vs helpnessness
* Reactance
* Expectancy-value model
Self
* Self strivings
* Self-concept
* Self-identity
* Agency
* Self-regulation

## Readings

* Chapter 09: Mindsets (Reeve, 2018)
* Chapter 10: Personal control beliefs (Reeve, 2018)
* Chapter 11: The self and its strivings (Reeve, 2018)

## Multimedia

* How to make stress your friend (Kelly McGonigal, TED talk, 2013) (12:21 min) explains that changing how we think about stress can actually make it good for us.

## Slides

* Mindsets (Google Slides)
* Personal control beliefs (Google Slides)
* The self and its strivings (Google Slides)
# Hypergrid Resources Library/What is Hypergridding?

Hypergridding is simply the name for the protocol of being able to move from one virtual world to another. If you're familiar with Second Life, it's similar to teleporting to another location. The difference however, is in the fact that unlike Second Life (which is one single proprietary virtual world), virtual worlds built on the Opensim platform are many and decentralized. OpenSim worlds are constantly changing too. Virtual worlds are created, they may get moved or changed significantly over time, they may seem abandoned, and some may disappear entirely.
In keeping this simple, a good metaphor is to think of teleporting like flying in an airplane to wherever you want on planet Earth. Hypergridding, however, is like flying in a space ship to other planets, which are called “Grids”. So grids are like planets that are in other galaxies compared to our own. Like virtual worlds, grid too can come and go.
The hypergridding protocol was developed by Christa Lopes (AKA Diva Canto) around 2010 ( Canto, 2012), and is still a technological challenge in more ways that can be explained in a brief article. The development of this protocol and the practice of hypergridding is very much an adventurous undertaking that is all about embracing a pioneering spirit!

## Additional Reading

OpenSimulator What is the Hypergrid?
OpenSimulator: Pages in category "Hypergrid"
http://www.metaverseink.com/blog/hypergrid/towards-hg-2-0/
# Hypostatic object

A hypostatic object, also known in certain senses as an abstract object or a formal object, is an object of discussion or thought that results as the normal product of a process of hypostatic abstraction.
# Hypertension (OSCE)

Assessment of Hypertension

## Goals

* identify end organ damage
* identify signs of secondary hypertension

## Differential

* Medications
* Renal: vascular, parenchymal
* Endocrine: Cushing’s, pheochromocytoma, primary aldosteronism, hyperparathyroidism, thyroid
* Aortic dissection

## Vitals

* standard vitals
* weight and height (BMI)

## Inspection

* Neck:
** thyroid
** JVP
* Skin
** Cushing’s (striae, acne, hirsutism)
** pheochromocytoma (clammy, diaphoretic)
** arterial insufficiency (skin, hair changes)

## Palpation

* Point of maximum impulse (PMI)- diffuse
* peripheral pulses (symmetric)
* radiofemoral delay

## Auscultation

* carotid bruit
* pulmonary edema
* S4 gallop, murmurs
* bruits (abdominal, renal, femoral)

## Fundoscopic exam

* Grade 1 - spasm of retinal vessels
* Grade 2 - constriction retinal arterioles, AV nicking
* Grade 3 - vascular changes, hemorrhage, exudates
* Grade 4 - papilledema

## External link

* Auscultation of Carotid Bruit - bruit audio, case studies and quiz
# Hypostatic abstraction

☞ This page belongs to resource collections on Logic and Inquiry.
Hypostatic abstraction is a formal operation that takes an element of information, as expressed in a proposition $X~{\text{is}}~Y,\!$ and conceives its information to consist in the relation between that subject and another subject, as expressed in the proposition $X~{\text{has}}~Y\!{\text{-ness}}.\!$ The existence of the abstract subject $Y\!{\text{-ness}}\!$ consists solely in the truth of those propositions that contain the concrete predicate $Y.\!$ Hypostatic abstraction is known by many names, for example, hypostasis, objectification, reification, and subjectal abstraction. The object of discussion or thought thus introduced is termed a hypostatic object.
The above definition is adapted from the one given by introduced Charles Sanders Peirce (CP 4.235, “The Simplest Mathematics” (1902), in Collected Papers, CP 4.227–323).
The way that Peirce describes it, the main thing about the formal operation of hypostatic abstraction, insofar as it can be observed to operate on formal linguistic expressions, is that it converts an adjective or some part of a predicate into an extra subject, upping the arity, also called the adicity, of the main predicate in the process.
For example, a typical case of hypostatic abstraction occurs in the transformation from “honey is sweet” to “honey possesses sweetness”, which transformation can be viewed in the following variety of ways:
The grammatical trace of this hypostatic transformation tells of a process that abstracts the adjective “sweet” from the main predicate “is sweet”, thus arriving at a new, increased-arity predicate “possesses”, and as a by-product of the reaction, as it were, precipitating out the substantive “sweetness” as a new second subject of the new predicate, “possesses”.
# Hyperplane/Kernel of a linear form/Fact

Let $V$ be an $n$-dimensional $K$-vector space, and let $U\subseteq V$ denote an $n-1$-dimensional linear subspace.
linear form $f\colon V\rightarrow K$ such that
$U=\operatorname {kern} f$
# Literature/1932/Huxley

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Wikimedia
### w: Aldous Huxley
### w: Brave New World

| q: Aldous Huxley#Brave New World (1932) | w: Dystopia w: Utopia |

## Chronology

* Literature/1963/Gabor $^{[^]}$
* Orwell, George (1949). Nineteen Eighty-Four. London: Secker and Warburg, 1949. $^{[^]}$
* Skinner, B. F. (1948). Walden Two. Macmillan Co., 1948. $^{[^]}$
* Orwell, George (1945). Animal Farm: A Fairy Story. London: Secker and Warburg, 1945. $^{[^]}$
* Huxley, Aldous (1940). Words and Their Meanings. The Ward Ritchie Press, 1940. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1938). World Brain. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1933). The Shape of Things to Come. Hutchinson. $^{[^]}$
* Huxley, Aldous (1932). Brave New World. Harper Perennial, 1932. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1932). "Wanted: Professors of Foresight!" Reprinted in Futures Research Quarterly. Vol. 3 No. 1 (Spring 1987): 89-91. $^{[^]}$
* Russell, Bertrand (1931). The Scientific Outlook. London: George Allen & Unwin. $^{[^]}$
* Russell, Bertrand (1926). "The Meaning of Meaning." Dial, vol.81 (August 1926) pp. 114-121. $^{[^]}$
* Ogden, C. K. & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1923). Men Like Gods. Cassell and Co., Ltd. $^{[^]}$
* Russell, Bertrand (1921). The Analysis of Mind. London: George Allen & Unwin. $^{[^]}$
* Watson, John B. (1913). "Psychology as the behaviorist views it," Psychological Review, 20, pp. 158-177. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1905). A Modern Utopia. New York, NY: Penguin Group, 2005. $^{[^]}$
* Pavlov, Ivan (1903). "The Experimental Psychology and Psychopathology of Animals." The 14th International Medical Congress, Madrid, Spain, April 23-30, 1903. $^{[^]}$
# Literature/1932/Goldberg

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Wikimedia
### w: Emanuel Goldberg

* After four years working for Zeiss subsidiaries in France, Goldberg moved to Palestine in 1937 where he established a laboratory, later called Goldberg Instruments, which became the Electro-Optical Industries ("El-Op") in Rehovot. A photograph taken 1943 by John Phillips for Life Magazine shows Goldberg in his work shop in Palestine.
| w: Vannevar Bush w: Memex | w: Engineering Research Associates w: Ralph R. Shaw (librarian) |

## Chronology

* Buckland, Michael (1992). "Emanuel Goldberg, Electronic Document Retrieval, and Vannevar Bush's Memex." Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 43, no. 4 (May 1992), pp. 284-294. $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1971/Kaprelian $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1961/Bagg $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1958/Fairthorne $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1957/Neumann $^{[^]}$
* Shaw, Ralph R. (1949). "Machines and the Bibliographical Problems of the Twentieth Century." (pp. 37-71) In: L. N. Ridenour, et al. Bibliography in an Age of Science. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. $^{[^]}$
* Bush, Vannevar (1945). "As We May Think." The Atlantic Monthly (July 1945): 101-108. $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1940/Schwegmann $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1939/Bush $^{[^]}$
* Bernal, J. D. (1939). The Social Function of Science. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1938). World Brain. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co. $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1937/Schuermeyer $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1936). World Encyclopaedia. Lecture delivered at the Royal Institution of Great Britain, November 20th, 1936. $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1935/Davis $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1934/Otlet $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1933/Keegstra $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1933/Schuermeyer $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1932/Sebille $^{[^]}$
* Goldberg, Emanuel (1932). "Methods of Photographic Registration." British Journal of Photography, 79: 533-534. $^{[^]}$
* Goldberg, Emanuel (1931). Statistical Machine. U.S. patent 1,838,389. Dec. 29, 1931. $^{[^]}$
# Literature/1933

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Subpages

* Davis, Watson (1933). Project for Scientific Publication and Bibliography (Scientific Information Institute). Science Service, Washington, D.C., August 19, 1933. $^{[^]}$
* Korzybski, Alfred (1933). Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics. 5th ed., Institute of General Semantics, 1994. $^{[^]}$
# Literature/1934

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Subpages

* Literature/1934/Bachelard $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1934/Dewey $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1934/Eliot $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1934/Otlet $^{[^]}$
# Literature/1933/Davis

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Excerpts

   Recent economic conditions and the growth of scientific literature justify serious consideration of an improved system of scientific publication and bibliography.
   Workers in science should be unafraid of change and willing to evaluate present mechanisms and methods in the distribution and exchange of scientific knowledge and research results.

## Wikipedia

* American Documentation Institute
* World Brain
* Memex
* Emanuel Goldberg
* Ralph R. Shaw
* Michael Buckland

## Chronology

* Buckland, Michael (2006). "Collaboration: Bad Words and Strong Documents," (p. 3) In: Hassanaly, Parina, et al., eds. (2006). Proceeding of the 2006 Conference on Cooperative Systems Design: Seamless Integration of Artifacts and Conversations -- Enhanced Concepts of Infrastructure for Communication. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: IOS Press. $^{[^]}$
* Buckland, Michael (1992). "Emanuel Goldberg, Electronic Document Retrieval, and Vannevar Bush's Memex." Journal of the American Society for Information Science, vol. 43, no. 4 (May 1992), pp. 284-294. $^{[^]}$
* Kochen, Manfred (1965). Some Problems in Information Science. Scarecrow Press. (Jan 1, 1965) $^{[^]}$
** "The Universal Brain: Is Centralized Storage and Retrieval of All Knowledge Possible, Feasible, or Desirable?" (pp. 60-65) by Watson Davis
* Shaw, Ralph R. (1949). "Machines and the Bibliographical Problems of the Twentieth Century." (pp. 37-71) In: L. N. Ridenour, et al. Bibliography in an Age of Science. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. $^{[^]}$
* Bush, Vannevar (1945). "As We May Think." The Atlantic Monthly (July 1945): 101-108. $^{[^]}$
* Bernal, J. D. (1939). The Social Function of Science. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1939/Bush $^{[^]}$
* Wells, H. G. (1938). World Brain. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Doran & Co. $^{[^]}$
** q: World Brain#Passage from a Speech
* Literature/1937/Davis $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1935/Davis $^{[^]}$
* Davis, Watson (1933). Project for Scientific Publication and Bibliography (Scientific Information Institute). Science Service, Washington, D.C., August 19, 1933. $^{[^]}$
* Goldberg, Emanuel (1931). Statistical Machine. U.S. patent 1,838,389. Dec. 29, 1931. $^{[^]}$
# Literature/1935

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Subpages

* Literature/1935/Fisher $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1935/Gombrich $^{[^]}$
* Literature/1935/Otlet $^{[^]}$
# Literature/1933/Korzybski

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Wikimedia
### w: General Semantics

| w: Alfred Korzybski | w: S. I. Hayakawa |

## Related works

* Hayakawa, S. I. (1949). Language in Thought and Action. Harcourt, Brace & Company, 1949. $^{[^]}$
# Literature/1933/Magritte

Authors :
* A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z &

## Wikimedia
### w: The Human Condition (painting)

* One of Magritte's most common artistic devices was the use of objects to hide what lies behind. ... In The Human Condition, the cover-up appears in the form a painting within a painting.
* Magritte had this to say of his 1933 work:
    In front of a window seen from inside a room, I placed a painting representing exactly that portion of the landscape covered by the painting. Thus, the tree in the picture hid the tree behind it, outside the room. For the spectator, it was both inside the room within the painting and outside in the real landscape.
| w: René Magritte w: Surrealism | w: Map-territory relation w: Triangle of reference |

## Chronology

* Wells, H. G. (1933). The Shape of Things to Come. Hutchinson. $^{[^]}$
* Korzybski, Alfred (1933). Science and Sanity: An Introduction to Non-Aristotelian Systems and General Semantics. 5th ed., Institute of General Semantics, 1994. $^{[^]}$
* Magritte, René (1933). The Human Condition (La condition humaine). National Gallery of Art, Washington DC. $^{[^]}$
* Magritte, René (1929). The Treachery of Images (La trahison des images). Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Los Angeles, California. $^{[^]}$
* Ogden, C. K. & I. A. Richards (1923). The Meaning of Meaning: A Study of the Influence of Language upon Thought and of the Science of Symbolism. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd. $^{[^]}$
# Markerless Tracking/Accuracy

It's possible to derive some conclusions about the accuracy from the assumptions stated on the main research project page.

## capturing

The accuracy of the system is only as good as the data captured from reality. For example it's not possible to detect fully occluded objects with a normal camera. Also a wrong focal distance or bad lighting will hinder good tracking.

## generating

The accuracy of the system is only as good as the data generated by the computer. For example it's just a rough assumption of real light conditions to use a single one point light and standard OpenGL based rendering.
Note: The simulation must include the whole evolutionary story of the image. If an camera captures images with a radial distorition, the renderer should do the same.

## selecting

The accuracy of the system is only as good as the mechanism which compares generated and captured datasets. Completly identical data must result in 100% similarity. That's easy. The tricky part is to get a good statement about almost mathching and partial matching data. See the selection page for a discussion.
# Maritime Medical Colloquia Programs
## Clinica Einstein´s Maritime Colloquia Program (CEMCP)

Time: Saturdays from 7:30-9 Start: 5th March 2016
Participants: all staff taking care of seafarers and passenger patients
Agenda:
* Moderator and approval/changes of the agenda
* Is the title CEMCP good or should it be changed ?
* Responsible person for Minutes and call for the next colloquia
* Vision and mission for the program
* Report and discussion of a clinical case
* Discussion of a selected scientific article of the week
* Selection of item for clinical guideline - responsible persons
* Collaboration with other clinics
* Electronic pt. record system for seafarers and passengers (Epi-Data)
* Evidence based medicine
* Ongoing research
* Stearing committee
* Internal Homepage and/or Dropbox
* Scheme for registration of participation
* Scheme for decisions and responsable persons
* Regular evaluation and revision of the program
* Presentation of the program´s experiences: IMH/IMHA-News
* Proposal of an IMHA-Research Clinical Quality Network later
* Next colloquium
* Other issuses
Definition of colloquium plural col·lo·qui·ums or -quia \-kw?-?\ 1. a usually academic meeting at which specialists deliver addresses on a topic or on related topics and then answer questions relating to them
# Markerless Tracking/Performance

Performance is a very important factor when it comes to tracking objects. To gain interactive or even real-time update rates it's necessary to soften the above stated assumptions in the most harmless way (see accuracy below). In the following you could read and work on possibly good ways to speed up the whole process.

## Mathematical optimization of the function space

Using optimization algorithms like adaptive random search or Particle Filters are as far as known by the authors a very safe way to prevent the system form simulating all possible configurations without loosing accuracy.
Naturally the optimization will be harder if the degrees of freedom increases. But as it has been shown by Deutscher et. al. that it is possible to optimize high dimensional functions with so called annealed particle filtering. This seems to be very easy archivable when using images. Just take a lower resolution and you will get a smoothed out function. Nontheless it need to be discussed about possible errors and accuracy of such an aproach.

## "Little changes" assumption

If we assume only little changes between two captured frames we could dramatically reduce the search space of possible real world configurations.

## Using specialized hardware to generate hypothesis

Simulating possible captured datasets on specialized hardware is definitely a very good thing to do. Especially for images this easily done by using modern graphic cards.
# Markdown

Markdown is a markup language, that you can use to make documents, presentations, websites, etc. Markdown is appealing because it's easy to learn and can boost peoples productivity by a lot compared to traditional Word processors like word, LibreOffice Writer etc., Presentation suite (like PowerPoint, LibreOffice impress, etc.) In these lessons we will go through the basics of Markdown to help you be more productive.

## Lessons

* Introduction

## See Also

* Wikipedia: Markdown