# Physics/Essays/Derenek/Nonstandard physics/Vortex Science
## Vortex Science: Topic Intent

For any new user who reads this page, it should be noted that this is a hypothesis undergoing initial research and looking for reasoned review by both scientists as well as the smart layman. It is the hope of the author that this resource is both informational and thought provoking. It should also be noted that many of the constructive criticisms made of this work will likely be incorporated into the end result and be reflected in the physical experiments done to verify the claims made in this topic.
This is not a mainstream or standard viewpoint, and as such the author asks for your understanding and the input of any reader in the talk page, in order to both assist in the edification of the reader and of the author.
This resource is an essay by Wikiversity user Derenek

## A Paradigm without Paradox

Vortex Science is a new proposed cosmological framework the intent of which is to replace uncertainty with causality. One in which both the velocity and location of any particle can be determined with exact certainty. That the mathematical and logical paradox of singularity do not exist, as well as explain the apparent behavior of photons as both particles and waves as an easily understood and calculable phenomenon.

## The primacy of causality

The universe is not random or capricious, it is only the limitations of humans and their technology that lead to the necessity of calculating odds (i.e. probability) rather than absolute vectors. It is possible, by knowing the exact location, force, velocity, and vector of every piece of expanding space-time, across multiple dimensions, each interacting along prime axes (see section 8) that then give birth to innumerable universes (each with its own internal temporal rate), for an educated individual to know with exact certainty the both the position and velocity for any particle.
Of course even for a sophisticated thinker, certain agreed upon epistemological agreements must be made between myself and the reader. In order to facilitate understanding, certain axiomatic truths need to be assumed.

## Types of matter

Core matter (Hadrons)
These are particles that are generated either directly or by secondary effects of space-time vortexes. In our universe, each of the stable types of core matter particle (baryons) consists of three space-time vortices held in a metastable configuration. In one case, two vortices stem from one origin event and the third from a second origin event. In the second the opposite is true. This causes a slight imbalance between the vortexes to form. This imbalance in conjunction with null space pressure causes a 3 vortex configuration to be the standard for all stable core matter in our universe. Core matter particles with different number of matter vortices generate mesons.
Core matter consists of expanding vortices of space-time known as quarks. The reason quarks create a vortex is due to the difference in energy between P$_{2,3}$ and P$_1$. As space-time expands into P$_1$, the relative difference between the spin and repulsive pressure along each prime axis leads to kinetic energy being added to the expanding space-time along the vectors which possess the lowest energy state. This causes the object to rotate or spin at an incredible speed in three dimensions forming a spherical object. As the forces exerted are not isotropic, that spin will stabilize in one direction relative to the vector of lowest energy.
Protons and neutrons always have the same mass as other protons and neutrons. [6]
Diffuse matter.
This refers to space-time itself after it leaves the radiant centers of core matter particles. Electrons are made of pure space-time. They carry spin and energy relative to the core matter that created them. This is often referred to as wavelength.[8] Wavelength refers to the relative percentage of time during an electron’s travel along the prime axis in which that electron can have prime axis interaction. Thus a particle with a 2 inch wavelength really refers to a particle that on average has a rate of interaction along the prime axis at a rate of once every two inches of travel along P$_1$.
The remainder of that electrons travel happens along a P$_2$ or P$_3$ dimension. Every moment of time, core matter ejects space-time in discrete paths along the prime axis (P$_1$). Diffuse particles do not contain their own fountain of expanding space-time, so any variation between null space pressure and the forces caused by expanding space-time along P$_1$ will cause that piece of space-time to bounce in and out of P$_1$ at a higher rate as distance increases. This results in what would appear to be a weakening of force as distance increases, while the sphere of influence of that particle increases.
As an electron moves off of P$_1$ in relation to its wavelength, it can penetrate and bypass physical objects along P$_1$1 as though they weren’t there. This is literally true. The electron, when it engages in tunneling behavior, is simply traveling along a vector off of P$_1$. As distance between locations along P$_{1,2,3}$ do not correlate on a 1:1 ratio (due to differences in prime axis nullspace pressure), interaction with core matter along a P$_2$,3 axis results in the total energy of that matter increasing. That increase in energy can then be detected by our machines along P$_1$ at a location far removed from the expected interception point.
The Star Model
Is an attempt to move away from the Bohr model of the solar system in an atom [9], and replace it with the star model. The reason to use this model for comparison is due to the fact that it more closely mirrors the actual physical state of an atom. As a spinning high energy region of compressed space-time ,this object constantly radiates large amounts of energy, possesses high kinetic and linear motion values, and is affected omnidirectionally by a force that pushes against the radiating energy across all vectors. The only known macroscopic example of that system is a star. [10]

## The nature of time

The perception of time is in fact an observer's experience of the relative state between two or more regions of space-time expanding along a prime axis. As all objects generate their own expanding regions of space-time, all objects experience time at the same rate in relation to that itself. However in the presence of another expanding region of space-time, there occurs a repulsive force between those two regions that causes space-time to be deflected along a tangential axis. This deflection causes space-time to be warped in relation to the second object. Positive velocity between two objects results in a compression of expanding spacetime causing a blue shift effect, while negative velocity will result in a weaker interaction or red shift.
Mathematically, time is equivalent to the rate of space-time expansion into the P$_1$ axis minus that object's velocity.
rX$_{P1}$-V=t
rX$_{P1}$=c
c-V=t
2. As velocity increases to c, t approaches zero. This mathematical relationship is an additional proof as to the validity of vortex theory. It is very well known that as velocity increases to the speed of light time slows to zero.
Another result of this force is an unequal experience of the expansion of space-time of two objects in relation to each other. However both objects experience the expansion of space-time along the prime axis at the same rate in their own frame of reference.
So, while accelerating to lightspeed is in itself highly unlikely, traveling at velocities at a large percentage of that speed should allow an object to encounter enough null space repulsive force to be able to phase shift a small amount off of the prime axis. However it must be noted, it is unknown what the correlation is in distance traveled along a non-prime axis vector to distance along the prime axis. Experiments observing entanglement [12]show conclusively that non-prime axis linear travel does not correlate on a one to one basis to linear travel along the prime axis. This conclusion can be reached by assuming that superluminal transmission of energy is impossible and observing instantaneous communication between entangled particles

## How many dimensions are there?

Vortex Science claims that there are more than three spatial dimensions. [13] The theory posits that dark matter and WIMPs are matter/space-time traveling in an out of phase state. This out of phase state has now been explained as space-time expanding along vectors off of the prime axis.
In mathematics, the dimension of a vector space V is the cardinality (i.e. the number of vectors, in this case 2) of a basis of V over its base field.It is sometimes called Hamel dimension or algebraic dimension to distinguish it from other types of dimension.
For every vector space there exists a basis,if one assumes the axiom of choice and all bases of a vector space have equal cardinality;see dimension theorem for vector spaces, as a result, the dimension of a vector space is uniquely defined.
Three connected perpendicular dimensions create a Prime Axis. A prime axis also has the property of possessing no vectors in common with another Prime axis. This then creates a condition in which each prime axis becomes an semi-independant three dimensional vector space.
The number of dimensions can be calculated by simple logic test. As space-time is a real and not an imaginary thing and assuming all space-time is linked, we can draw some simple conclusions. As an object must exist in at least three dimensions to be a real and not imaginary, then each dimension along P$_1$ must have two corresponding dimensions into which space-time can expand and still be linked to P$_1$ in order to generate dark matter. This is a conclusion that is a result of both observed data as well as axiomatic truth. By observing black holes, dark matter, neutrinos..etc... It can be concluded that matter and space time can possess linear momentum along vectors on a non P$_1$ axis, while still retaining enough inertia on P$_1$ to impart gravitational or weak electromagnetic effects to matter and energy that is still fully in or universe. This conclusion is reached by applying newtonian laws of motion which require physical contact between objects to transfer energy, denying that there is a possibility for superluminal travel, then assuming there must be subluminal energy transfer along a vector that is a dimension that is not part of P$_1$
Calculate number of prime axes.
A prime axis refers to a geometrically linked region of the cosmos in which there are three vector space dimensions. To be a prime axis, each of these dimensional axes must be separate from any axis associated with another prime axis. Arbitrarily assuming our universe is on a prime axis, (the only way to determine the true prime axis is to compare energy output/space-time expansion between universes. However it is safe to assume our universe is a prime axis universe as the prime forces motivating relative space-time expansion are observable along this axis.)
(N$_D$/3!(n$_D$-3)!)=number of prime axes.
This equation is explained simply. N$_D$ is the number of spatial dimensions. The minimum number of dimensions space-time can expand in and generate a non-imaginary universe is 3. As a prime axis is a 3 dimensional vector space which shares no vectors with another prime axis the number of possible prime axes is easily calculated once the number of dimensions is known.
The rate of expansion of space-time into any prime axis is determined primarily by the event that causes the space-time expansion. However, in relation to other objects that share the same space-time expansion event along that same prime axis, the rules of relativity would still apply within those systems. However, there would be key differences in prime particle interaction laws, as the exact phase coherence of particles along our prime axis are a unique occurrence.
These statements are made in accordance with the first law of thermodynamics as adjusted for transfer of energy between isolated enclosed systems:
This problem is solved by recourse to the principle of conservation of energy. This principle allows a composite isolated system to be derived from two other component non-interacting isolated systems, in such a way that the total energy of the composite isolated system is equal to the sum of the total energies of the two component isolated systems. Two previously isolated systems can be subjected to the thermodynamic operation of placement between them of a wall permeable to matter and energy, followed by a time for establishment of a new thermodynamic state of internal equilibrium in the new single unpartitioned system. The internal energies of the initial two systems and of the final new system, considered respectively as closed systems as above, can be measured. Then the law of conservation of energy requires that
    $\Delta U_{s}+\Delta U_{o}=0\,,$
where ΔU$_s$ and ΔU$_o$ denote the changes in internal energy of the system and of its surroundings respectively. This is a statement of the first law of thermodynamics for a transfer between two otherwise isolated open systems,
These same principles apply within individual universes despite their internal force instability, as increases along P$_{2,3}$ are always matched by decreases in P$_1$. This dynamic balance causes all objects within a universe to experience equilibrium (phase coherence) even though the actual amount of energy in the system is constantly increasing relative to outside universes.
Phase Coherence,
At their core, all elemental particles are composed of the same thing. A vortex caused by the expansion of space-time into our prime axis. What we perceive as separate particles are in fact separate regions of expanding space-time intersecting the prime axis at a certain point in space and time (time being the rate of space-time expansion into a prime axis from the said particle.) The tangential alignment of that particular region of space-time in relation to the alignment of other regions of space-time in relative to the prime axis generate a particle’s quantum properties, such as spin, energy state, etc, etc…
* Objects that are not in a matching state of phase coherence will not be able to interact with each other in any substantial way.
* Loss of phase coherence due to P$_1$ kinetic energy being lost to P$_{2,3}$ axes (Dark matter, neutrinos) will result in objects that only have the capacity to have gravitational and (sometimes) weak electromagnetic interaction with each other.
* Phase Coherence mismatch due to a large difference in spin state and angular velocity while still sharing the same prime axis results in an impenetrable barrier which generates P$_1$ nullspace pressure.
* Objects which share no similar linear vector travel, that reside entirely within their own prime axis, are completely unable to interact, gravitationally or otherwise.
* This has one noticeable exception, which is the black hole event/s in P$_{2,3}$ which generates matter and energy in our universe. However that event is unique in that it shares 100% phase coherence with matter in this universe, as those events are the root cause of this universe's unique phase harmonic.
Simply put, the angle at which a particle intersects our universe and the percentage of time spent by that region of space-time within our universe compared to regions outside the prime axis determines what a particle is and how it behaves.
How to determine location in space.
Generally speaking in our universe we do well with a three digit coordinate system. An XYZ axis or prime axis. However there are more spatial dimensions than three. As explained earlier there are nine spatial dimensions. This results in three separate prime axes. So an objects location in space would look like this:
(P$_1$ 23,2,34) (P$_2$ 12,34,12 ),(P$_3$ 35,56,12)
Thus an object whose spatial coordinates were (P$_1$ 1,1,2) (P$_2$ 23,34,45) (P$_3$ 12,1,13) could seem to have instantaneous communication with another object at (P$_1$ 1000,2000,3000) (P$_2$ 23,35,45)(P$_3$ 12,2,13). The object's true spatial coordinates allowed for near colocation along P$_2$ and P$_3$, however the energy state change of those particle would be observed along P$_1$, which is a vast distance away, yet seemingly no energy passed between the two objects. However this only refers to energy being transferred along P$_1$. For colocation to take place an object must possess three matching coordinate values to the second object in a three dimensional vector space. Entanglement experiments simply cause colocation between objects along an vector on P$_{2,3}$. Then as the distances along P$_1$ increase, the colocation along P$_2$ or P$_3$ would remain constant as no additional force is transferred between prime axes.

## Null Space

Is Null space pressure constant and universal?
Null space pressure is a net aggregate effect created by the total energy/spin of an entirely different universe/s across each the nine dimensions of the cosmos. This aggregate force causes one universe to have a rotational vector and velocity that is incredibly high relative to any other universe on either the same prime axis or a separate prime axis. This difference in rotational velocity and energy results in an impenetrable barrier being formed.