OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Tunisia

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# CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Turkmenistan

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# CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Thailand

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# CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Tokelau

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# CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Tanzania

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# CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Togo

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# CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Tromelin Island

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# CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Turkey

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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Diocese of Lead

From volume 9 of the work.
Lead, Diocese of (Leadensis), which was established on 6 August, 1902, comprises all that part of the State of South Dakota (U.S.A.) west of the Missouri River-an area of 41,759 square miles. The residence of the bishop is at Hot Springs. The territory taken to form the diocese had previously belonged to the Vicariate Apostolic of Nebraska, and had in 1902 a Catholic population of about 6000, including the Catholic Indians of the Sioux Reservations. As first bishop, the Very Rev. John N. Stariha, Vicar-General of the Archdiocese of St. Paul, was chosen and consecrated in St. Paul, 28 October, 1902. He was born in the Province of Krain (Carniola), Austria, 12 May, 1845. Migrating to the United States he became affiliated to the Diocese of St. Paul, where for many years he was pastor of the Church of St. Francis de Sales. The opening of the Rosebud Reservation to settlers and the extension of railways across the state attracted many emigrants to South Dakota, and a number of new parishes were established, churches erected in these new towns, and missions and schools located among the Indians. In 1909, Bishop Stariha's ill-health and age determined him to resign the see, and he returned to his old home in Austria on 1 May of that year. On 11 April, 1910, Pius X ratified the appointment of the Rev. Joseph F. Busch, of Excelsior, Minnesota, as bishop. The religious communities in the diocese include the Jesuit and Benedictine Fathers and the Benedictine Sisters and the Sisters of St. Francis. Statistics (1909): priests 25 (regulars, 9); churches with resident priests, 18; missions with churches, 35; schools, 5; pupils, 1030; 1 orphan asylum, 24 inmates; Catholic population 11,000 whites and 6500 Indians.
Catholic News (New York), files; Catholic Directory (Milwaukee, 1909).
Thomas F. Meehan.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Diocese of Lecce

From volume 9 of the work.
Lecce, Diocese of (Liciensis); suffragan of Otranto. Lecce, the capital of a province in Terra d'Otranto in Apulia, seven and a half miles from the sea, is an industrial and commercial city (tobacco, grain, wine, oil, woven goods). Marble quarries are in the vicinity. Extensive ruins of megalithic structures in its territory prove that it was inhabited at a very remote period. It was known to the ancients as Lupiæ, and then had a port, enlarged by Hadrian and Marcus Aurelius. Near Lecce is the village of Rugge, the ancient Rudiæ, birthplace of Ennius. In the time of the Normans, Lecce became the seat of a countship, some of its counts being famous, notably Tancred (d. 1194), who contested with Henry VI the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, and Gautier de Brienne, cousin of Tancred. Under Charles V, to whom a triumphal arch was erected in the city, Lecce received new life, and the features of that epoch are retained to this day. For this reason Lecce is one of those cities that have preserved a characteristic and uniform style of architecture. Of the more ancient buildings there remains only the church of SS. Nicola and Cataldo, outside the city, in Romanesque style (1180). The cathedral of S. Oronzio (first built in 1114 by Goffredo d'Altavilla), in its present form, and the church of S. Domenico are of the seventeenth century, S. Croce of the sixteenth-all in baroque style. The cathedral tower is about 240 feet high, and serves yet as a lighthouse for ships plying between Otranto and Brindisi. Until the beginning of the nineteenth century there was a signal on its summit to give warning of pirate ships. The Palazzo della Intendenza, once the abbey of the Celestines, is noteworthy. Mention must also be made of the manufacture of tobacco in the ancient Dominican convent. The historian Scipione Ammirati and the painter Matteo da Lecce (sixteenth century) were natives of Lecce. The Christian religion, it is said, was first introduced by St. Orontius, a Pythagorean philosopher converted by St. Paul. St. Leucius is also venerated as bishop and martyr. But a bishop of Lecce is first mentioned in 1057, in the person of Teodoro Bonsecolo. Other bishops of note were Roberto Vultorico (1214), who restored the cathedral; Tommaso Ammirati (1429); Ugolino Martelli (1511), a linguist; Giambattista Castromediani (1544), who founded the hospital and other institutions for children and the poor; Luigi Pappacoda (1639), who rebuilt the cathedral, which contains his statue in marble; Antonio Pignatelli (1672), later Innocent XII, who founded the seminary of Lecce.
The diocese has 32 parishes with 100,000 souls, 8 religious houses of men and 16 of women, 10 schools for boys, and 6 for girls.
De Simone, Lecce e i suoi dintorni (Lecce, 1874); Cappelletti, Le Chiese d'Italia, XXI.
U. Benigni.
# Buck Stove Range Company v. Vickers

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
226 U.S. 205
Buck Stove Range Company v. Vickers
Argued: December 19, 1911. --- Decided: December 2, 1912
Messrs. Seneca N. Taylor, Malcolm B. Nicholson, and William J. Pirtle for plaintiffs in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 206-208 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Stephen H. Allen and Robert Stone for defendants in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 208-211 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Van Devanter delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Buck letter to Sir Ralph Verney

* related portals: Letters, Verney family.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
There are two copies of the letter on this page. The first is a Victorian copy with the original spellings; the second is a Victorian copy with the spellings modernised.

## References

* Verney, Frances Parthenope (1892), Memoirs of the Verney family during the Civil War, vol. 2, London and New York, pp. 344, 345.
* Browne & nolan, limited, The Irish ecclesiastical record, vol. 30, p. 482, <http://archive.org/details/irishecclesiasti30dubl>. Notes that The Historical Manuscripts Commission discovered the following letter in 1879.
your Brother and my deare freind, Sir Edmund Varny, who behaved himselfe wth the greatest gallentry that could be—he was slaine at Drahoda three dayes after quarter was given him as he was walkinge wth Crumwell by way of protection. One Ropier who is brother to the Lord Ropier, caled him aside in a pretence to speake wth him, beinge formerly of acquaintance, and insteade of some frendly office wich Sir Ed: might expect from him, he barberously rann him throw wth a tuck, but I am confident to see this act once highly revenged, the next day after, one L$^{t.}$ Col. Boyle, who had quarter likewise given him, as he was at dinner wth my Lady More, sister to the Earle of Sunderland, in the same Towne, one cf Crumwell's souldiers came and whispred him in the eare to tell him he must presently be put to deth. who risinge from the table, the lady aske him whither he was goeinge, he answered, Madam to dye, who noe sooner steped out of the roome but hee was shott to deth. These are cruelties of those traitors, who noe doubt will finde the like mercie when they stand in neede of it.
Victorian-period copy with the spellings modernised
Your brother and my dear friend, Sir Edmond Verney, who behaved himself with the greatest gallantry that could be, he was slain at Drogheda three days after quarter was given him, as he was walking with Cromwell by way of protection. One Ropier, who is brother to the Lord Ropier, called him aside in a pretence to speak with him being formerly of acquaintance, and instead of some friendly office which Sir Edmond might expect from him he barbarously ran him through with a tuck, but I am confident to see this act once highly revenged. The next day after one Lt.-Col. Boyle, who had quarter likewise given him, as he was at dinner with my Lady More, sister to the Earl of Sunderland, in the same town, one of Cromwell's soldiers came and whispered him in the ear, to tell him he must presently be put to death; who, rising from the table, the lady asked him whither he was going, he answered, "Madam, to die," who no sooner stepped out of the room but he was shot to death. These are cruelties of these traitors; who, no doubt, will find the like mercy when they are in need of it.
# Casabianca

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Casabianca."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Casabianca, versions of a poem by Felicia Hemans
* Casabianca, a short story by Montague Glass
# Cary v. Savings Union/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
89 U.S. 38
Cary v. Savings Union
A distinction is expressly recognized in the act of Congress between interest and dividends, and the Circuit Court decided that the payments to the depositors were for dividends. The question is whether this decision was correct.
We think it was. The depositors contracted not for a rate of interest to be paid upon their deposits, but for a share of the profits of the business in which their money was, by agreement, to be employed. It is true that the profits of the company were principally to be derived from interest upon loans made, but they were none the less on that account profits. The interest received for the loan of each deposit was not kept by itself, and paid to the depositors after deducting a charge to cover expenses, but all was placed in a common fund, and when the net result of the business was ascertained, that was divided among the several contributors according to the value of their contributions. Such a division clearly produces a dividend according to the common understanding of that term. The parties themselves so understood it, for they gave it that name in the contracts, executed when the depositors made their deposits. They stipulated for the payment of dividends and not interest.
JUDGMENT ACCORDINGLY.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Casa Guidi Windows

* "Casa Guidi Windows" in Prometheus Bound, and other poems, 1851
* "From Casa Guidi Windows" in Poems That Every Child Should Know, 1906
# Casabianca (Hemans)

* Casabianca, in The Monthly Magazine Volume 2, 1826.
* Casabianca, in Poems That Every Child Should Know (1904), edited by Mary Elizabeth Burt
# Cary v. Vcommissioner of Internal Revenue

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
313 U.S. 441
Cary v. Vcommissioner of Internal Revenue
Argued: May 1, 1941. --- Decided: May 26, 1941
Messrs. Roswell L. Gilpatric and Joseph C. White, both of New York City, for petitioners.
Mr. Thomas I. Emerson, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cary v. Vcommissioner of Internal Revenue/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
313 U.S. 441
Cary v. Vcommissioner of Internal Revenue
Argued: May 1, 1941. --- Decided: May 26, 1941
Henry M. Flagler died on May 20, 1913. Petitioners are legatees under a testamentary trust created under his will. The trust continued for a period of ten years from his death and terminated on May 20, 1923. As of that time the trustees delivered to petitioners certain securities which were sold by them in 1934 and 1936. The question presented is whether the basis for computing gain or loss on such sales under § 113(a)(5) of the Revenue Acts of 1934, 48 Stat. 680, and 1936, 49 Stat. 1648, is the value of the securities when delivered to the legatees or their value on the date of death of the decedent. Petitioners make substantially the same argument for application of the former criterion as did respondent in Helvering v. Reynolds, No. 684, 313 U.S. 428, 61 S.Ct. 971, decided this day. And they contend that under Florida law they had at the date of death only contingent interests. But assuming they are correct in the latter contention, it is of no avail. For the reasons stated in Helvering v. Reynolds, supra, the proper basis was the value of the securities at the death of the decedent. Accordingly, the judgments of the court below (2 Cir., 116 F.2d 800) must be affirmed.
The CHIEF JUSTICE and Mr. Justice ROBERTS dissent for the reasons stated in their dissent in Helvering v. Reynolds, No. 684, 311 U.S. --, 61 S.Ct. 971, decided this day.

## Notes

* ↑ Some securities had previously been delivered to Harry Harkness Flagler, petitioner in No. 735, on April 26, 1921. Annie L. Flagler, whose estate is the petitioner in No. 736, received the securities here involved as a gift from her husband, Harry Harkness Flagler. The situation therefore is the same as to both these parties, since it is stipulated that he had received the securities as indicated above.
* ↑ Sec. 113(a)(5) of the 1936 Act, 26 U.S.C.A. Int.Rev.Acts, page 860, is the same as § 113(a)(5) of the 1934 Act, 26 U.S.C.A. Int.Rev.Acts, page 697. Art. 113(a)(5)-1 of Treasury Regulations 94, promulgated under the 1936 Act, contains provisions identical with those of Art. 113(a)(5)-1 of Regulations 86 under the 1934 Act. The relevant portions of that section and regulation under the 1934 Act are set forth in Helvering v. Rey olds, supra.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Kūzhappara

​Kūzhappara. — Recorded, in the Travancore Census Report, 1901, as a sub-division of Nāyar.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Kūttādi

​Kūttādi.——Described, in the Census Report, 1901, as an occupational name, meaning a rope-dancer, applied to Dommaras, Paraiyans, or Koravas. Ārya ​Kūttādi Is a Tamil synonym for Marātha (Ārē) Dommaras. Kūttādi also occurs as the name of a class of mendicants attached to Kaikōlans.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Lampata

​Lampata. — A name, signifying a gallant, returned by some Sānis at times of census.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Lanka

​Lanka (island). — An exogamous sept of Bōya and Kamma.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Lekkala

​Lekkala (accounts). — An exogamous sept of Kamma.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Landa

​Landa.— A synonym of Mondi.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Ladāf

​Ladāf. — Recorded, at the census, 1901, as a synonym of Dūdēkula. A corruption of nad-dāf (a cotton-dresser).
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Lattikar

​Lattikar. — Recorded, at the census, 1901, as a sub-division of Vakkaliga (Okkiliyan) in the Salem district. Latti means a reckless woman, and latvi, an unchaste woman, and the name possibly refers to Vakkaligas who are not true-bred.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Alanus de Rupe

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alanus de Rupe (sometimes de la Roche), b. about 1428; d. at Zwolle in Holland, 8 September, 1475. Some writers claim him as a native of Germany, others of Belgium; but his disciple, Cornellus Sneek, O.P., assures us that he was born in Brittany. Early in life he entered the Dominican Order, and while pursuing his studies at Saint Jacques, Paris, he distinguished himself in philosophy and theology. From 1459 to 1475 he taught almost uninterruptedly at Paris, Lille, Douay, Ghent, and Rostock in Germany, where, in 1473, he was made Master of Sacred Theology. During his sixteen years of teaching he became a most renowned preacher. He was indefatigable in what he regarded as his special mission, the preaching and re-establishment of the Rosary, which he did with success throughout northern France, Flanders, and the Netherlands. His vision of the restoration of the devotion of the Rosary is assigned to the year 1460. Alanus published nothing during his lifetime, but immediately after his death the brethren of his province were commanded to collect his writings for publication. These were edited at different times and have occasioned much controversy among scholars. His relations of the visions and sermons of St. Dominic, supposed to have been revealed to Alanus, are not to be regarded as historical. His works are published by Graesse in "Trésor des livres rates et précieux."
Choquet, Sancti Relig. O. P. (Douay, 1618); Quétif and Echard, SS. Ord. Præd., I. 849 sqq.; Année Dominicaine (Lyons), 8 Septembre; La vie du B. Alain de la Roche in Le Rosaire (May, June, July, 1869); Schmitz, Das Rosenkranzgebet im 15. und Anfange des 16. Jahrhunderts (Freiburg, 1903), containing a Danish poetical version, by Master Michel, of materials left by Alan.
J. T. McNicholas.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Alalis

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alalis (Alalius), a titular see of Phœnicia (Palmyra), whose episcopal list is known from 325 to 451. It was located near the Euphrates, and was a suffragan of Damascus.
Lequien, Oriens Christ. (1740), II, 847–848.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Alan of Tewkesbury

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alan of Tewkesbury, a Benedictine abbot and writer, d. 1202. Alan is stated by Gervase of Canterbury, a contemporary chronicler, to have been English by race, i.e. not of Norman, or any immigrant, extraction. He is supposed to have spent some years at Benevento in Italy, before entering the Benedictine novitiate at Canterbury, where he became Prior in 1179. He zealously espoused the cause of the clergy against Henry II in the struggle which led to the martyrdom of St. Thomas; He was removed from Canterbury to the Abbey of Tewkesbury, where he could less effectively oppose Henry's encroachments on the rights of the church; The intimacy with St. Thomas which Alan of Tewkesbury enjoyed, and his almost lifelong acquaintance with the politico-ecclesiastical controversies of the time, qualified him to write the "Life of St. Thomas", which (as Life of Becket) is printed in the second volume of "Materials for the History of Thomas Becket", edited by the Rev. J. C. Robertson (Rolls Series, London,; 1875–85; Part I, CXC, 1475–88). Alan also collected and arranged a number of the Saint's epistles. Critics are doubtful as to the genuineness of the other works traditionally ascribed to him.
Dict. of Nat. Biog., s.v.; Gervase, Chronica, ed. Stubbs (Rolls Series, London, 1879–80); Robertson, preface to Materials for the History of Thomas Becket.
E. Macpherson.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Alan of Walsingham

From volume 1 of the work.
​Alan of Walsingham, d. c. 1304; a celebrated architect, first heard of in 1314 as a junior monk at Ely, distinguished by his skill in goldsmith's work, and for his acquaintance with the principles of mechanics. He afterwards turned his attention to the study of architecture, and in 1331, when sub-prior of his convent, designed and began to build the beautiful St. Mary's Chapel (now Trinity Church), attached to the cathedral. At the same time he was engaged in the erection of Prior Cranden's chapel, the new sacristy, and many minor works. In December, 1321, he was elected sacristan, with sole charge of the fabric of the cathedral. In February, 1322, the great tower of the cathedral fell, and carried with it the choir and other attached portions of the ​structure. Instead of rebuilding the four piers, which carried the Norman (square) tower—a weak point in cathedral construction from that day to this—Alan advanced the supports, to the extent of one bay, into each arm of the cross; and by so doing he not only distributed the weight upon eight piers instead of four, but obtained a magnificent central octagonal hall, which he roofed with a dome surmounted by a lofty lantern. The result was not only very beautiful, but in every sense original. It is almost certain that Alan never travelled beyond the limits of his convent, and that he was not acquainted, except perhaps from hearsay, with the domed Churches of the East, whose principles of construction, moreover, differ essentially from those employed by Alan. His work remains to this day unique among the cathedrals of Europe. He subsequently rebuilt the bays of the choir, which had been ruined by the fall of the great tower, and these are admittedly amongst the most beautiful examples of Decorated, or Second Pointed, English Gothic. In 1341 Alan was elected prior of his convent, and in 1344 to the bishopric of Ely, rendered vacant by the death of Simon de Montacute. When he thus became bishop-elect the works connected with the fabric of the cathedral had been conducted to a successful termination, leaving for his successor only the decorations and fittings. His election, however, was set aside by the Pope in favor of Thomas L'Isle, a Dominican friar, who was at Avignon with the Pope at the time. A similar honor was destined for Alan in 1361, but the choice of the convent was again overruled, and Simon Langham, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury and Cardinal, was consecrated Bishop of Ely in his stead. The possessions of the convent were said to have increased under his wise and capable administration.
Dugdale, Monasticon (ed. 1817), I, 468; Thomas Walsingham, Hist. Anglicana in R. S., II, 104; Wharton, Anglia Sacra, I, 684; Cotton. MSS., Tit. A. I.
Thomas H. Poole.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Albanenses

From volume 1 of the work.
​Albanenses, Manichæan heretics who lived in Albania, probably about the eighth century, but concerning whom little is known, except that they were one of the numerous sects through which the original Manichæism continued to flourish. (See Bogomilæ, Cathari, Paulicians.) They appear to have professed a very strict and uncompromising form of the heresy, rejecting all doctrinal modifications as to the eternity of the evil principle, and its absolute equality with the good principle.
Hemmer in Dict. de théol. cath., I, 658.
Francis W. Grey.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Periya

​Periya (big). — Periya or Periyanān has been recorded as a sub-division of Kāralan, Kunnuvan, Ōcchan,and Pattanavan. The equivalent Peru or Perum occurs as a sub-division of the Malayālam Kollans and Vannāns and Perim of Kānikars. Periya illom is the name of an exogamous illom of Kānikars in Travancore.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Pennēgāra

​Pennēgāra.— Konkani-speaking rice-beaters in South Canara.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Perugadannāya

​Perugadannāya (bandicoot rat sept). — An exogamous sept of Bant.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Peraka

​Peraka (tile). — An exogamous sept of Dēvānga.