OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barclay, William (1570?-1630?)

​BARCLAY, WILLIAM, M.D. (1570?–1630?), miscellaneous writer, was a brother of Sir Patrick Barclay, of Towie, and was born about 1570 in Scotland. He was educated for the pursuit of medicine, but is best known by a pamphlet, printed in Edinburgh in 1614, and entitled ‘Nepenthes, or the Vertues of Tobacco.’ Barclay studied at Louvain under the learned Justus Lipsius, to whom he afterwards addressed several letters which have been printed, and who is recorded to have said of his pupil ‘that if he were dying he knew no person on earth he would leave his pen to but the doctor.’ To Justus Lipsius's edition of ‘Tacitus’ (Paris, 1599), Barclay contributed an appendix. At Louvain he appears to have taken the degrees of M.A. and M.D. He became professor of humanity in Paris University, and after a short interval, during which he practised medicine in Scotland, returned to France to pursue his former occupation at Nantes. The tract ‘Nepenthes, or the Vertues of Tobacco,’ which is dedicated to the author's nephew Patrick, son and heir of Sir Patrick Barclay, of Towie, contains a warm panegyric on the herb, which, the author says, is adapted to cure all diseases when used with discretion, and ‘not, as the English abusers do, to make a smoke-box of their skull, more fit to be carried under his arm that selleth at Paris du noir à noircir to blacke men's shoes than to carry the braine of him that cannot walk, cannot ryde, except the tobacco pype be in his mouth.’ As in prose, so also in verse, Barclay sings the praises of his favourite weed, in six little poems attached to the treatise, and addressed to friends and kinsmen, all in praise of tobacco, to which he alludes as a ‘heavenlie plant,’ ‘the hope of healthe,’ ‘the fewell of our life,’ &c. Two years after the appearance of Barclay's work, King James published his famous ‘Counterblaste to Tobacco,’ in which his majesty denounces smoking as a ‘custome loathsome to the eye, hatefull to the nose, harmefull to the brain, dangerous to the lungs, and in the blacke stinking fume thereof nearest resembling the horrible stigian smoke of the pit that is bottomlesse.’ Barclay's tract is very rare, but has been reprinted by the Spalding Society. He was also author of ‘Oratio pro Eloquentia. Ad v. cl. Ludovicum Servinum, Sacri Consistorii Regii Consiliarium, et in amplissimo Senatu Parisiensi Regis Advocatum,’ Paris, 1598; ‘Callirhoe, commonly called the well of Spa, or the Nymphe of Aberdene resuscitat,’ 1615 and 1670; ‘Apobaterium, or Last Farewell to Aberdeen’ (of which no copy is now known to exist); ‘Judicium de Certamine G. Eglisemmii [Eglisham] cum G. Buchanano pro Dignitate Paraphraseos Psalmi ciiii. … Adjecta sunt Eglisemmii ipsum judicium, ut editum fuit Londini, typis Eduardi Aldæi, an. Dom. 1619, et in gratiam studiosæ juventutis ejusdem Psalmi elegans Paraphrasis Thomæ Rhædi, Lond. 1620,’ 8vo, Lond. 1628; and some Latin poems in the ‘Delitiæ Poetarum Scotorum,’ i. 137. Barclay died about 1630.
R. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barclay, Robert (1774-1811)

​BARCLAY, ROBERT (1774–1811), lieutenant-colonel, entered the army as an ensign in the 38th regiment on 28 Oct. 1789, and embarked with his regiment for the East Indies, where he signalised himself in most of the actions fought there in 1793. He was so distinguished by his talents and courage that he was promoted to a lieutenancy on 31 May 1793, and to a company on 8 April 1795, and on both occasions out of his turn. Having been taken prisoner by the enemy, he suffered much in captivity, and in the year following his promotion he returned to England. Though entitled to six months' leave, he hastened to rejoin his regiment, then in the West Indies.
His distinguished qualities having become known to Lieutenant-general Sir John Moore, he was promoted to a majority in the 52nd on 17 Sept. 1803, and on 29 May 1806 to a lieutenant-colonelcy. In 1808 he accompanied Sir John Moore in the expedition to Sweden, and afterwards to Portugal. He was mentioned in despatches for his distinguished conduct at the battle on the Coa on 24 June 1810. He afterwards commanded a brigade, at the head of which, when charging the French on the heights of Busaco, he received a wound below the left knee. For his conduct at Busaco he was again honourably mentioned in despatches. His wound obliged him to leave the service, and he died from the effects of it on 11 May 1811.
A. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cantebrig, John de

​CANTEBRIG or CAMBRIDGE, JOHN de (d. 1335), judge, was of a Cambridge family, whence he took his name, and is said to have been son to Thomas Cantebrig, a judge of the exchequer under Edward II. He was M.P. for Cambridgeshire in 1321 and subsequent years, and earlier was in several judicial commissions for the county. In the last years of Edward II and early years of Edward III he is named as counsel in the year books. In 1330 he became king's serjeant, and was in the commission for Northamptonshire, and on 22 Oct. of that year was made a knight ‘tanquam banerettus,’ with a grant for his robes of investiture out of the king's wardrobe. On 18 Jan. 1331 he was made a justice of the common pleas, along with Robert de Malberthorpe and John Inge, and received a new patent on 30 Jan. 1334. No fines are levied before him after Michaelmas term 1334. He died in 1335. He had large property in and around Cambridge, and was twice alderman of St. Mary's guild, to which, in 1311, and by his will, he gave Stone Hall, in St. Michael's, on the site of part of Caius College, with thirty-five tenements and a hundred acres of land in Cambridge and Nuneham, and a pix of silver-gilt, weighing seventy-eight ounces. He was seneschal to the abbot of St. Albans in 1331.
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Canning, Richard

​CANNING, RICHARD (1708–1775), topographer, born on 30 Sept. 1708, was the son of Richard Canning, a post-captain in the navy, who went to reside at Ipswich in 1712. He was elected a king's scholar at Westminster school in 1723, but went to Cambridge without a school scholarship. He proceeded B.A. 1728, and M.A. 1735, at St. Catharine's College, Cambridge; became perpetual curate of St. Lawrence, Ipswich, in 1734; rector of Harkstead, Suffolk, in 1738; and rector of Freston and vicar of Rushmere St. Andrew, both in the same county, in 1755. He resigned his benefice at Rushmere in 1756, and handed over that at Harkstead to his son Richard (B.A. Emmanuel College, 1763) in 1769. He died on 8 June 1775, and was buried in St. Helen's Church, Ipswich, where there is a mural tablet to his memory. Canning was an earnest student of the history of Suffolk, and is best known by the edition of ‘The Suffolk Traveller.’ This book, first published by John Kirby between 1732 and 1734, was thoroughly revised by Canning and a few friends, and issued, ‘with many alterations and large additions,’ in 1764. A third edition appeared in 1835 under the title of ‘The History of the County of Suffolk.’ Canning issued in 1754 a translation of the Ipswich charters, and in 1747 an account of the charitable bequests made to the town. Both these tracts appeared anonymously. Several of Canning's sermons were published at Ipswich. He printed two pamphlets (1740 and 1749) against the dissenters. The younger Richard Canning died on 17 Jan. 1789.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Canot, Peter Charles

​CANOT, PETER CHARLES (1710–1777), engraver, was a native of France, who came to England in 1740, and remained here till he died. He was a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists in 1766, and was elected an associate engraver of the Royal Academy in 1770, when that degree was first instituted. He exhibited at the Society of Artists, the Free Society, and the Royal Academy. A line-engraver of considerable skill, he executed numerous plates after Van de Velde, Bakhuisen, Teniers, Claude, and other old masters. Views of London and Westminster Bridges, after Samuel Scott; some sea pieces and sea fights, after Monamy; and four views of the operations of the Russian fleet against the Turks, after Paton, are reckoned among his best plates. It is said that his death, which took place at Kentish Town in 1777, was due to overexertion in executing the plates after Paton.
C. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Canon, John

John the Canon or Juan Marbres in the ODNB.
​CANON or CANONICUS, JOHN (fl. 1329), schoolman, studied at Oxford, and became a member of the Franciscan order. Afterwards he attended the lectures of Duns Scotus at Paris, but appears to have returned to Oxford, and to have proceeded there to the degree of D.D. He is distinguished by the biographers for his eminence in philosophy, theology, and law, both canon and civil, and four books of commentaries on the ‘Sentences’ of Peter Lombard, some ‘Lecturæ magistrales,’ and ‘Quæstiones disputatæ,’ are ascribed to him. But the work upon which his reputation rests, a work which was very widely used in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries, is a commentary on Aristotle's ‘Physics,’ entitled in the editio princeps ‘Questiones profundissimi doctoris Johannis Canonici ordinis minoris super octo Libris Phisicorum Aristotelis’ (Padua, 1475). It was reprinted at St. Albans in 1481, as well as several times at Venice between this date and 1492. Another edition appeared at Venice in 1516. In manuscript also the commentary is not uncommon. A copy belonging to Lincoln College, Oxford, cod. cii., which ​was written by R. Rawlyns in 1482, contains a set of verses in honour of the author (Coxe, Catal. of Oxford MSS., Linc. p. 48). Extracts are given by Tanner (Bibl. Brit. p. 150).
Wadding (Scriptores Ordinis Minoris, p. 195) and Tanner state that Canon is also known by the name of Marbres.
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cant, Andrew

​CANT, ANDREW (1590?–1663), ecclesiastical leader and preacher, called by Principal Baillie ‘ane super-excellent preacher,’ comes into notice in 1620 or 1623, when some of the people of Edinburgh desired to have him for their minister; but as he was known to be obnoxious to the king, he did not on either occasion obtain the appointment. In 1633 he became minister of Pitsligo in Aberdeenshire, and, unlike most of the ministers in that quarter, was a strong champion of the covenants and opponent of the episcopising endeavours of the king. In July 1638 he was appointed by the ‘commissioners at the tables,’ with two other ministers (Dickson and Henderson) and three noblemen (Montrose, Kinghorn, and Cowper), to endeavour to bring the people of the north into sympathy with the presbyterian cause. The reception of the commissioners by the magistrates of Aberdeen was amusing, the magistrates meeting them and offering them the hospitality of the city, which the commissioners declined, till they should see if they would take the covenant. The ‘Aberdeen doctors’ were famous in the church for their opposition to the covenant, and prepared certain questions for the commissioners, which led to a wordy series of answers, replies, and duplies on either side. The feeling was so strong that the commissioners were excluded from the Aberdeen pulpits, and had to preach in the open air.
In November 1638 Cant took part in the famous Glasgow assembly, by which prelacy was abolished, and at the solicitation of Lord Lothian was translated from Pitsligo to Newbattle in Midlothian. In 1640, with some other of the most eminent ministers, he was appointed chaplain to the covenanting army, and accompanied it during the campaign. In the same year he was translated to Aberdeen. While one of the most unbending sticklers for the covenants, he was a devoted royalist, and on one occasion, in the time of Cromwell, when many English officers were in his church, he uttered so strong sentiments on duty to the king and on the conduct of those who were against him, that the officers rose up and some of them drew their swords and advanced towards the pulpit. The intrepid minister opened his breast, and said to them, ‘Here is the man who uttered these sentiments,’ inviting them to strike him if they dared. ‘He had once been a captain,’ says Wodrow, who tells the story, ‘and was one of the most bold and resolute men of his day.’ His dauntless courage, with his stirring popular eloquence, gave him a wide fame; but the suggestion in the ‘Spectator’ that the term ‘to cant’ was derived from his name is of course groundless. It can easily be accounted for from the Latin canto. Cant died 30 April 1663. By his wife, Margaret Irvine, he left two sons and two daughters. His daughter Sarah married Alexander Jaffray [q. v.] of Aberdeen. His son Andrew was principal of the university of Edinburgh from 1675 to 1685. Another Andrew Cant, who was deprived of his charge at the revolution in 1690, was consecrated a bishop of the episcopal church of Scotland in 1722.
W. G. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cannon, Richard

​CANNON, RICHARD (1779–1865), compiler of regimental records, was born in 1779. On 1 Jan. 1802 he was appointed to a clerkship at the Horse Guards, and attained the grade of first-clerk in 1803. About thirty years afterwards, a Horse Guards order, dated 1 Jan. 1836, having signified the royal commands that an historic account of the services of every regiment in the British army should be published under the superintendence of the adjutant-general, the work of compilation was entrusted to Cannon, at that time principal clerk in the adjutant-general's office. During the ensuing seventeen years ‘historical records’ of all then existing regiments of cavalry, and of forty-two regiments of infantry of the line, were thus issued ‘by authority,’ all of which were prepared under Cannon's direction, except the history of the Royal Horse Guards or Oxford Blues (issued as part of the series in 1847), which was written by Captain Edmund Packe, of that regiment. The work of compilation was then discontinued, some regimental histories which had been announced as in preparation at various times having, apparently, not been proceeded with. After a service of nearly fifty-two years Cannon retired in January 1854, on his full salary of 800l. a year. He died in 1865.
[War Office Lists; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Preface to Cannon's Historical Records of the British Army.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cantelupe, Fulk de

​CANTELUPE, CANTILUPE, CANTELO or CANTELEO, FULK de (fl. 1209), is mentioned by Wendover as one of John's evil counsellors. After the election of Stephen Langton as archbishop he was sent by John to expel the Canterbury monks, and the lands of the see were put under his charge.
H. R. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, John (d.1563)

1904 Errata appended.
​CAMPBELL, Sir JOHN (d. 1563), of Lundy, Scotch judge, was, according to Crawford (Officers of State, p. 370), the son of John Campbell of Lundy (who was nominated lord high treasurer of Scotland in 1515, and was succeeded by the Master of Glencairn in 1526), by Isabel, daughter of Patrick, lord Gray, and widow of Sir Adam Crichton of Ruthven; but Haig and Brunton (Senators of the College of Justice, p. 25) are of opinion that the treasurer and judge are one and the same person. From an entry in the records of the court, 20 July 1532, it would appear that Sir John Lundy, the judge, had been treasurer. On account of his wide knowledge of the laws, Sir John Lundy was appointed one of the first lords of session when the College of Justice was instituted by James V in 1532. He was also a member of the privy council from 1540. When an alliance was proposed between King James and the Queen of Hungary, Campbell was sent to Flanders to ‘inquire of her manners and wesy her persoun, and to assay how the marriage might be concluded, but without any commission to conclude until the king had taken counsel’ (Cal. State Papers, Henry VIII, vol. iv. pt. iii. app., entry 239). He was also employed on various diplomatic services—among others, that of concluding a peace ratifying the privileges of the Scots in the countries under the dominion of the emperor in 1531, and in 1541 as ambassador from James V to Henry VIII (Cal. State Papers, Scottish Series, pp. 39, 42). On 16 May 1533 he was appointed captain-general of ‘all the fute-bands in Scotland.’ In February 1548 he arrived with troops at Dundee, which, however, immediately beat a retreat (ib. 81). In the books of sederunt of the court of session, 25 Feb. 1560, there is a letter to him from Queen Mary, regarding ‘a pretendit testament of the queen-regent, our mother, whom God assoilzie, wherein ye are executer, the nullity of which is evidently known, as we made evidently appear by the letters we despatch instantly away to our realm for that effect.’ On 11 Feb. 1563 he was succeeded as justice by Henry Balnaves of Halhill, who had previously held the same office between 1538 and 1546.
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.51 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, John Francis

​CAMPBELL, JOHN FRANCIS (1822–1885), of Islay, writer on highland folklore, geology, and meteorology, eldest son of Walter Frederick Campbell of Islay, by his first wife, Lady Eleanor Charteris, eldest daughter of Francis, seventh earl of Wemyss, was born on 29 Dec. 1822. He was educated at Eton and .the university of Edinburgh. For some time he was a groom-in-waiting, and he occupied various posts connected with the government among others, those of secretary to the lighthouse commission and secretary to the coal commission. He died at Cannes on 17 Feb. 1885.
Campbell devoted a great portion of his leisure to the collection of folklore tales in the western highlands. For this purpose he was in the habit of mixing with the natives in free and easy intercourse, so as to gain their complete confidence, and thus induce them to relate to him stories which the uneducated are so diffident in telling to strangers. In this manner he collected a large number of the traditional mährchen of the district, which he published under the title, ' Popular Tales of the West Highlands orally collected, with a Translation,' 4 vols. 1860-2. Campbell was also a keen observer of nature, and devoted much attention to geology and meteorology, his studies in which gained much benefit by his foreign travel. In 1865 he published 'Frost and Fire, Natural Engines, Toolmarks and Chips, with Sketches taken at home and abroad by a Traveller.' He was the inventor of the sunshine recorder for indicating the varying intensity of the sun's rays, and in 1883 he published a book on 'Thermography.' In 1863 he published anonymously a work by his father, entitled 'Life in Normandy: Sketches of French Fishing, Farming, Cooking, Natural History, and Politics, drawn from Nature,' and in 1865 'A Short American Tramp in the Fall of 1864, by the Editor of "Life in Normandy."' In 1872 he began to issue a series of Gaelic texts under the title, 'Leabhair na Fenine.' He left behind him a large number of volumes dealing with Celtic folklore.
[Burke's Landed Gentry, i. 257; W. S. Ralston, in Athenæum, 1885, i.250; Academy, 1885, xxvii. 151.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, John (1796-1862)

1904 Errata appended.
​CAMPBELL, JOHN, second Marquis of Breadalbane (1796–1862), known in his younger days as Lord Glenorchy, and, after his father's elevation to the marquisate in 1831, as Earl of Ormelie, was born at Dundee in 1796. He was son of John, fourth earl and first marquis of Breadalbane (1762-1834), by Mary, daughter of David Gavin. He represented Okehampton from 1820 to 1826. In 1832, after the passing of the Reform Bill, he contested the representation of the important county of Perth with Sir George Murray, and conducted the campaign with such spirit and ability that he carried the election by the large majority of nearly six hundred votes. In 1834, on the death of his father, he became a member of the House of Lords. He held the office of lord chamberlain from 1848 to 1852, and again from 1853 to 1858. In 1843 he was chosen lord rector of the university of Glasgow. During the controversy between the church of Scotland and the civil courts Breadalbane was conspicuous for his earnest advocacy of the 'non-intrusion' cause. In that connection he was by far the most outstanding man among the laity. Though not a great speaker he advocated the cause in the House of Lords, as well as in public meetings, and when the Free church was set up he cordially adhered to it, and was one of its most munificent supporters. In 1840 he led the opposition in the House of Lords to the Earl of Aberdeen's bill on the church question, and, though defeated, contributed an important element towards the withdrawal of the bill by its author a short time subsequently. His character, abilities, and public spirit, as well as his position as one of the largest proprietors in Scotland, procured for him an unusual measure of respect in his native country. In 1842 the queen paid a visit to his seat, Taymouth Castle, one of the first she paid in Scotland. He was a warm supporter of the volunteer movement and in 1860, when her majesty held a grand review of the volunteer forces in Scotland, one of the most distinguished corps was the five hundred men from Breadalbane, headed by their noble chief. He died at Lausanne 8 Nov. 1862. He married in 1821 Eliza, eldest daughter of the late George Baillie of Jerviswood, and a descendant of the Robert Baillie [q. v.] who suffered at the cross of Edinburgh in 1684, and, as she believed, of John Knox himself. She died 28 Aug. 1861. Lord Breadalbane was K.T., F.S.A. Scot., and F.R.S.
W. G. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.51 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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