# On Papal Conclaves/Index

INDEX.
* Acessus, the,—the second of the two processes by which election by ballot is performed, 154.
* Acquaviva, Cardinal, 140.
* Acton, Cardinal, 188, 200.
* Adorations received by newly elected Pope, 167, 168
* Adrian II. (867–72), abduction of his daughter and his wife Stephania, 123.
* Adrian V. (1276), elected when a layman, 164, and died so, 168; his abrogation of Gregory X's Bull constituting Conclaves, 80, 165.
* Adrian VI. (1522–23), 135.
* Agents, confidential, kept about a Conclave. 3.
* Albani, Cardinal, 67, 124–26, 162.
* Albani, Dean Cardinal of the Sacred College, 90, 91.
* Albert, Cardinal Archduke, a layman admitted to Conclave, 125.
* Alertz, Dr., physician to Gregory XVI., 64.
* Alexander III. (1159–81), troubles of his reign, 14, 15; his decree as to Papal elections, 16, 24; his dispnsation to Niccola Giustiniani, 121.
* Alexander VI. (1492–1503), grants authorization to the King of Poland to put away his wife, 208–210; brawl at his funeral, 63, 64.
* Alexander VII. (1655–67), 70; his Bull as to the alienation of Church property, 174; the Constitutio Moderatoria Donationtum, 181–183.
* Alexander, Duke of Lithuania, afterwards King of Poland, authorized by Alexander VI. to repudiate his wife,
208–210.
* Altieri, Cardinal (under Pius VI.) his renunciation of the purple, 120, 141, 142.
* Altieri, Cardinal Emilio (Clement X.), 127.
* Altieri, Cardinal, tactics of, in the Conclave after Gregory XVI.'s death, 194, 195.
* Andrea, Cardinal, case of, 146–149; see also Appendix B.
* Angelo, Michael, 113.
* Anti-Popes during the reign of Alexander III., 14, 15.
* Antici, Cardinal, his renunciation of the purple, 142, 143.
* Antonelli, Cardinal (under Pius VI.), 83.
* Apponyi, Count, Austrian ambassador at Rome, 162.
* Archives, Italian, materials in, for history of Conclaves, 1, 2; now open to inspection, 4.
* Arrangements of Vatican Conclaves described, 105 seq.
* Austria, Crown of, possesses the right of veto in Papal elections, 159.
* Avignon, residence of the Holy See at, in 14th century, 80, 153.
* Azeglio, Massimo d', his pamphlet, I casi delle Romagne, 188.
* Baldassari's work on the times of Pius VI., 82 seq., 96.
* Ballot, election of a Pope by, 154–157, 166.
* Banchi. the betting propensities of its inhabitants during Papal elections, 51–56
* Barbarossa; see Frederick I.
* Barberini, the Cardinals, 136, 213.
* Barberini, Father, ex-General of the Capuchins, 165. ​
* Benedict XIII. (1724–29), 136, 140.
* Benedict XIV. (1740–58), 165, 212.
* Bernetti, Cardinal, 191.
* Blanca (Dona), sister of Ferdinand the Catholic, and wife of Henry IV. of Castile, 122.
* Bonaparte, Joseph. 86.
* Bonaparte, Napoleon, 144.
* Bonaventura, St., 20.
* Boniface VIII. (1294–1303), degradation of the Colonna Cardinals by, 132, 133, 214.
* Booths for Cardinals in Conclave, 104, 109.
* Borgia's (Cardinal) Life by his nephew, the Cavaliere Borgia, 153.
* Boutenieff, M., Russian minister in Rome, 188.
* Brienne, Cardinal Lomenie de, degradation of, 140.
* Brosses, President de. 68, 106, 139.
* Bulls, Briefs, and Chirographs—the difference between them, 36, 37,
* Burckhardt, his account of the brawl at the obsequies of Alexander VI., 63, 64.
* Calixtus III. (1455–58), 104.
* Cameriere of the pope, 70.
* Camerlengo, the Cardinal; his duties on the demise of a Pope, 31, 32, 36–38, 108, 115, 189.
* Capellari, Cardinal (Gregory XVI.), 157.
* Capitol, great bell of the, 33.
* Capranica. Dominic, secretly nominated Cardinal by Martin V., 128.
* Caraffa, Cardinal (Paul IV.), 73 seq.
* Cardinals, College of, original character of, 11; membership of, 118, 189; vested with power to elect the Pope, 12 (see Papal Elections); their powers during interregnum, 38—40; proof of identity before the business of Conclave begins, 117; real nature of a Cardinal's dignity, 118, 119; lay Cardinals, 123–125; a Cardinal cum ore clauso, 125, 126; Cardinals in petto, 127, 189; secret nominations in former times, 128–30; their right of franchise absolutely sacred, 131 seq.; degradation of Cardinals, 132–149 (see also Appendix B.; renunciation of the Cardinalate, 141–145; description of the chapel where the Cardinals vote, 150, 151; choice of a Pope not necessarily limited to the body of, 164.
* Casimir, a Cardinal, received a dispensation to marry his brother's widow, 121.
* Casimir the Great, of Poland, receives a Brief from Urban V. confirming validity of his marriage with a second wife, the first being yet alive, 207, 208.
* Castiglione, Cardinal, 157.
* Celestine V. (1294), 165.
* Celibacy indispensable in a Cardinal, whether in Orders or not, 119; remarkable instances of dispensation accorded, 120–122.
* Cells of Cardinals during Conclave, 104.
* Cellini, Benvenuto, insulted by Pompeo, whom he stabbed, 52.
* Ceremonial preliminary to the creation of a Pope, 79, 113–116; precedents for its modification, 80–102.
* Ceremonies consequent on election of Pope, 167 seq.
* Cervini, Cardinal Sta. Croce; see Marcellus II.
* Charles of Anjou, 17.
* Charles V., 123.
* Chatillon, Cardinal, 119.
* Chigi family, the, and the marshalship of the Cone lave, 58, 60.
* Chirographs, Papal, 36, 37.
* Choice of a Pope not limited within the body of Cardinals, 164.
* Church property, Bulls of Alexander VII. and of Pius V. against the alienation of, 174, 175; see Clement VIII. and Gregory XIV.
* Clement IV. (1265–68), the Conclave after his death, 17.
* Clement V. (1305–14), 153; his Bull on Papal elections, 133, 1341, 168.
* Clement VI. (1342–52), his Bull modifying the regulations of Gregory X. regarding Papal elections, 105.
* Clement VII. (1523–34), 111, 135, 152. ​
* Clement VIII. (1592–1605), 163; his confirmation of Bulls against alienation of Church property, 177, 178.
* Clement IX. (1667–70), 127, 192.
* Clement X. (1670–76), 127.
* Clement XI. (1700–21), 60; threatens to degrade Cardinal Noailies, 226, 227.
* Clement XII. (1730–40), 41, 119; his Bull abolishing the governorship of the Leonine city, 57; his treatment of Cardinal Coscia, 136–40, 148, 214.
* Clement XIII. (1758–69), reforming Bull of, 61.
* Clement XIV. (1769–75), 111.
* Clergy. the, their part in papal elections, 12.
* Clermont, Cardinal, 160.
* Colonna, family of, 50.
* Colonna, Cardinals James and Peter, degraded by Boniface VIII., 132, 133, 214.
* Colonna, Cardinal (in 16th century), 152.
* Colonna, Vittoria, 113.
* Compromise, electoral process called, 20, 152–54.
* Conclave, doings in, kept secret, 2, 3; Bull of Gregory X. constituting Conclaves, 20–24; lawless state of Rome during Conclave-time, 42–48; office of Marshal of, 58 seq.; nine days of preparation before entering, 61 seq.; congregations preliminary to, 66; question as to how far preliminary ceremonials can be dispensed with, 79; various precedents in point, 81; especially the provisions made by Pius VI., 82–101, and by Gregory XVI., 102; present site of Conclave in the Quirinal, 103; description of former locality in the Vatican, 104; arrangements of Vatican Conclaves, 105 seq.; last moments previous to proclamation of Conclave, 113–116; ceremony of proving identity before proceeding to business, 117; Cardinals secretly nominated, but unpromulgated, not allowed to vote. 128, 129 (see Cardinals); declaration of close of Conclave, 167; narrative of the proceedings at election of Pius IX., 185–200; importance of next Conclave, 5, 7, 82.
* Conclavists, their position and influence, 67–70.
* Congregations preliminary to Conclave, 66.
* Consalvi, Cardinal Secretary of State under Pius VII., 119, 120, 143, 163.
* Constance, Council of, 24–29.
* Constantine, an anti-Pope in 8th century, 164.
* Constantini, Giulio (Cardinal Secretary), his account of Rome during interregnum after death of Paul III., 48–50.
* Constitutio Moderatoria Donationum, the,—a Bull of Alexander VII. against immoderate grants by Popes to kinsmen, 181–183.
* Cornia, Ascanio della, nephew of Paul IV., 77.
* Coronation service of newly elected Pope, 169, 170.
* Corsini Library, 137.
* Coscia, Cardinal, 131, 136; degradation of, 137–140, 148, 214.
* Cosmo II. (Medicis) Duke of Tuscany, 121.
* Council of Alexander III., 16.
* Council of Constance, 24–29.
* Council at Lyons, 39.
* Court of Rome, its rupture with Italy, 7; its dispersion during the reign of Pius VI., 88, 89; the Cardinals, dignitaries in, 118, 119.
* Creation of a Pope, question as to when actually consummated, 168.
* Crispo, Cardinal, 74.
* Croce, Bernardino della, a named but unpromulgated Cardinal, 129.
* Cueva, Cardinal, 71.
* Cueva, Don Beltran de la, 122.
* Cum Juxta, the Bull, and its application to the case of Cardinal Andrea, 212–215.
* Curia, Roman. division in the, 17.
* Curiosities of Papal history, 123.
* Dandini, Cardinal, 118.
* De Angelis, Cardinal, Bishop of Fermo, 191. ​
* Degradation of Cardinals, 132–149; cases of Cardinal Andrea, 212–221. and of Cardinal Noailles, 225–228.
* Dignity of a Cardinal, real nature of, 117–119.
* Dispensations relieving Cardinals from their ecclesiastical obligations, remarkable instances of, 120–122.
* Domenichino, 113.
* Duphot, a French General. killed in a tumult at Rome, 86.
* Election of Popes, 9 seq.; see Papal Elections.
* Emperor's part in Papal elections curtailed by the Bull of Nicolas II., 14.
* Enthronement of a newly elected Pope, 109, 170.
* Eugenius IV. (1431–47), 126.
* Executive authority during interregnum, 34–38.
* Falconieri, Cardinal, Archbishop of Ravenna, 191.
* Fare, Cardinal De la, 160.
* Farnese, Cardinal, 53.
* Ferrara. Cardinal, 73.
* Ferretti (Mastai): see Pius IX.
* Ferro, Cardinal Capo di, 71.
* France, Crown of, possesses the right of veto in Papal elections, 159.
* Franchise, Cardinals' right of, indelible. 131 seq.; this principle set aside by Pius IX. in the case of Cardinal Andrea, 146–149; see also Appendix B.
* Frangipani. Odo, 15.
* Franzoni, Cardinal, 193; his conscientious acts in Conclave, 199.
* Frederick I. (Barbarossa), Emperor of Germany, opposed by Pope Alexander III., 14.
* French Revolution, effect of, on the Papacy. 82–101.
* Gaetani archives, 54, 136.
* Gallienus, Arch of, 33.
* Gambling, and its results, during Papal elections, 51–57.
* Gatti, Rainer, town-captain of Viterbo, 18.
* Gaysruck, Cardinal, Archbishop of Milan, 163, 200.
* Genga, Cardinal Della; see Leo XII.
* Gfrörrer. a recent historian, a mistake of, 14.
* Giustiniani, Cardinal, 160; his election to the Papal chair vetoed by Spain, 161;
* Giustiniani, Niccola, a Benedictine monk, who received a dispensation to marry, 121, 122.
* Gizzi, Cardinal, Secretary of State to Pius IX., 191, 200.
* Gonzaga, Cardinals Ferdinand and Vicenzo, permitted to go back into the world, 121.
* Gonzaga, Mary, widow of Ladislas, king of Poland, married his brother. 121.
* Grassis, Paris de, and his invention of turning-wheels for the admission of articles for the use of the Conclave, 108.
* Gregorio, Emmanuel Di, 98.
* Gregorio, Cardinal, 157.
* Gregory VII. (Hildebrand, 1073–85), 11, 152.
* Gregory X. (Theobald Visconti, 1271–76), election of, 20; his Bull constituting Conclaves, 21–24, 58, 105, 115, abrogated by Adrian V., 80, 100.
* Gregory XI. (1370–78), 80; his Bull on Papal elections, 80–82.
* Gregory XII. (1406–9), 26.
* Gregory XIV. (1590–91), his modification of Pius V.'s Bull as to alienation of church property, 176; see Clement VIII.
* Gregory XV. (1621–23), 42; his Bull as to Papal elections, 28, 112, 124, 127, 134, 138, 151, 154.
* Gregory XVI. (1831–46), election of, 157; his deathbed, 64, 65; document left by him bearing on Papal elections, 101, 102, 190; circumstances under which his death occurred, 187, 188; state of parties in the Sacred College at that time, 190.
* Guadagni, Cardinal, 166.
* Guattani, Dr., 68.
* Henry, son of Richard Plantagenet, and nephew of Henry ​the Third of England, slain at Viterbo, 18.
* Henry, Cardinal, of Ostia. 19.
* Henry IV. of Castile, received a dispensation to marry a second wife, 122, 211; his daughter Dona Juana, 122, 123.
* Hildebrand; see Gregory VII.
* Hinemar, Archbishop, 123.
* Hohenstaufen, the last of the house of (Konradin of Swabia), executed in Naples, 17.
* Honorius IV. (1285–87), 104.
* Hormisdas (514–23), and his son Silverius, 123.
* Innocent VI. (1352–62), 58.
* Innocent VIII. (1484–92), 129.
* Innocent X. (1644–55), 59; his Bull Cum Juxta, 212–215.
* Inspiration, election of a Pope by, 151, 152.
* Installation of newly elected Pope, and attendant ceremonies, 167 seq.
* Interregnum in the Papacy, 6, 8; that after the death of Clement IV. the longest on record, 17; complete suspension of the executive during, 34, 35; lawless state of Rome during, 42, 50; riot in 1590, 55.
* Intrigue of the Conclavist Torres at Pius IV.'s election, 70, 71.
* Isabella the Catholic, sister of Henry IV. of Castile, 122.
* Isabella, Infanta, of Portugal, wife of the Emperor Charles V., 123.
* Jails thrown open (for light offenders) during interregnum, 34, 35.
* Jews, a custom of, in Rome, at the Pope's installation, 171.
* John XIX. (1024–33), 164.
* John XXIII. (1410–15), 26.
* Juana, Infanta, of Portugal, and her daughter, Dona Juana, 122, 123.
* Julius II. (1503–12), 109, 208; his Brief granting to Alexander, King of Poland, indulgence to put up with his wife until her father's death, 210.
* Julius III. (1550–55), election of, 152.
* Labrador, Gomez, Spanish ambassador at Rome, 160.
* Ladislas, king of Poland, 120.
* Lambruschini, Cardinal Secretary under Gregory XVI., 65, 186; character of, 190, 193; his attempt at a coup de main in Conclave, 196 seq.
* Lateran Basilica, taken possession of by newly elected Pope, 170, 171.
* Lateran Palace, the, 15, 16.
* Law-courts suspended during interregnum, 35.
* Lay Cardinals, 123–125.
* League, war of the, 176.
* Leo X. (1513–21), conspiracy against, 134–6.
* Leo XII. (1823–29), election of, 160, 163.
* Lombardy, leagued cities of, protected by Barbarossa, 14.
* Lottery in Conclave times, 56, 57.
* Louis XIV. of France, 226.
* Louis XVIII. of France, 143.
* Louis, King of Hungary, 207.
* Luis, Don, of Bourbon, named Archbishop of Toledo and Cardinal, 119.
* Lyons, general council at, called by Gregory X., 20.
* Madruzzi, Cardinal, 74.
* Malvezzi, Cardinal, 67.
* Marcellus II. (Cervini, 1555), 52, 152; narrative of his election, 72–78.
* Marco-y-Catalan, Cardinal, 160.
* Marotti, 93.
* Marshal of the Conclave, office of, 58 seq., 108, 115.
* Martin V. (1417–31), election of, 26, 27; his secret nomination of Cardinals, 128.
* Mastai-Ferretti, Cardinal; see Pius IX.
* Mattei, Cardinal, 118.
* Maurice, Cardinal, of Savoy, 120.
* Maury, Cardinal, case of, 143–145.
* Medicis, Cardinal di, (Clement VII.), 153.
* Medicis, Catherine, married a Cardinal, 121.
* Medicis, Cosmo di, Duke of Tuscany, 121. ​
* Medicis, Ferdinand, once a Cardinal, and became Grand Duke of Tuscany, 120.
* Micara. Cardinal, a Capuchin, 194.
* Micheli, a Doge of Venice, 121.
* Modes, the three, of election of a Pope, 151, 152.
* Monaco, Prince of, French ambassador at Rome (1700), 45, 46.
* Monsignori, the lay, 118.
* Montepulciano, Cardinal, 77.
* Montmorency-Laval, Cardinal, 228.
* Naples, kingdom of, a portion of the Sacred College take refuge there in 1798, 88 seq.
* Napoleon Bonaparte, 144.
* Nepotism of the Popes, 180–183.
* Nicholas, the Czar, his memorable visit to Rome, 188.
* Nicolas II. (1058–60), his elevation to the Papal See, 11; his Bull vesting Papal elections in the College of Cardinals, 11–13, 24.
* Nicolas IV. (1288–92), 17.
* Nine days' interval before electing a Pope, 61 seq., 87.
* Ninfa, Alexander III. consecrated in its parish church, 15.
* Noailles, Cardinal, Archbishop of Paris, heads opposition in France to the Bull Unigenitus, 225–228.
* Nobles of Rome, pretensions put forth by, during Conclave, 44.
* Oaths sworn to by Popes, nature of, 173.
* Obsequies of the Pope, 61, 62.
* Octavius, Cardinal, his opposition to Alexander III., 15.
* Otlescalchi, Cardinal, 160; renounces the purple, 145.
* Pacca, Cardinal Secretary pf State under Pius VII., 145.
* Pacca, Dean Cardinal, 160.
* Pallium, the, newly elected Pope clothed with, 169.
* Paolina, the,—where the Cardinals vote,—described, 150, 151.
* Papacy, the, as an institution regulated by laws, exists only in the season of its creation, 5; schism in the reign of Alexander III., 14–16; the Papacy during the French Revolution, 82 seq.
* Papal chair, Roman proverb as to the three safest means of reaching, 163, 164.
* Papal elections, subject of, little understood, and why, 1; points of interest bearing on, 5; mode of, at present in force, 9; not independent of the civil power till middle of eleventh century, 10; vested in the College of Cardinals
by decree of Nicolas II., 11, 12; decree of Alexander III. as to, 16; Constitution promulgated by a General Council at Lyons under Gregory X., 21; exceptional measure adopted by the Council of Constance, 27, 28; Bulls of Clement V., 133, of Gregory XI., 80–82, of Gregory XV., 28, 124, 134 (see Preliminary Ceremonial), of Pius VI., 87 seq., and of Paul IV., 95, 95; right of Cardinals to vote at, absolutely sacred, 131 seq. (see Andrea, Cardinal); the three modes by which alone a Pope can be created, 151, 153; tricks practised at, 157, 158; the veto vested in certain Crowns, 159; proclamation of newly elected Pope by the Cardinal Dean, 167; ceremonies consequent on election, 168–171.
* Passionists, the, at Monte Argentaro, 92.
* Paterini, the, 33.
* Paul III. (1534–50), 152; state of Rome after his death, 48–50; his nephew, 77.
* Paul IV. (Caraffa, 1555–59), 73, 152; his Bull on Papal elections, 94, 95.
* Paul V. (1605–21), 122.
* People, the, their part in Papal elections, 12.
* Peretti, Alessandro Damasceni, nephew of Sixtus V., 119.
* Perquisites of Conclavists, 69, 70.
* Petrucci, Cardinal, strangled, 135.
* Pietro, Michele Di, 97.
* Pisani, Cardinal, 78.
* Pius IV. (1559–65), election of, 71, 152; his Bull regulating the powers of Cardinals during ​interregnum, 40; his Bull (1562) forbidding wagers, 49 seq., 112; as to lay Cardinals, etc., 124, 127; as to Papal elections, 134, 138.
* Pius V. (1566–72), election of, 152; Bull of, as to alienation of Church property, 175: see Gregory XIV. and Clement VIII.
* Pius VI. (1775–99), provisions made by him as to the election of a successor, 82–101; his treatment of refractory Cardinals, 119, 141–144.
* Pius VII. (1800–23), 103, 143, 144, 154, 161, 228.
* Pius VIII. (1829–31), election of, 157, 201.
* Pius IX. (1846– ), unusual importance of the Conclave to follow on his death, 7, 82; his treatment of Rosmini, 130, and of Cardinal Andrea, 146–149; the intended application of the veto by Austria at his election, 162; the Conclave in which he was elected, 185; his election, 198: Austria's veto against it arrived too late, 200. See Appendix B.
* Police of Rome, and its officers, 45.
* Pope, the; election of–see Papal Elections; what happens immediately upon his decease, 30 seq.; obsequies of, 61, 62.
* Portugal, Crown of, claims a right of veto in Papal elections, which is contested by Rome, 159.
* Preliminary ceremonial attending Papal elections, 66; question how far this may be dispensed with, 79; various precedents in point, 80: provisions made by Pius VI., 82–101, and by Gregory XVI., 102.
* Proclamation of Conclave, 115.
* Proclamation of a new Pope by the Cardinal Dean, 167.
* Rainaldo, Cardinal, of Este, 120.
* Ranke, Professor, 1.
* Richard Plantagenet, Earl of Cornwall, 18.
* Ring, piscatorial, of the Pope, 36.
* Rohan, Cardinal, suspension of, 140.
* Rome, lawless state of, during Conclave, 42–50; riot in 1590, 55.
* Rosmini, nominated. Cardinal by Pius IX., but nomination defeated by the Jesuits, 130.
* Rospigliosi, Cardinal; see Clement IX.
* Rossi, M., an Italian professor, nominated French ambassador to Rome, 188.
* Sacred College, the, its membership, 118, 119; no lay Cardinals at present, 125.
* Sala, Cardinal, 98.
* Salic race, Princes of the, 10.
* San Stefano, 92.
* Sanseverino, Frederick. an unpromulgated Cardinal, 129.
* Saoli, Cardinal, degradation of, 135.
* Savelli family, the, 58, 104.
* Schism in the Papacy in the reign of Alexander III., 14–16.
* Scilla, Canlinal Ruffo, 67.
* Scope of present publication, 6, 7.
* Scrutators of the voting in Conclave, 155–157.
* Secrecy incumbent on Conclavists, 67; imperfect observance of the rule, 111, 112.
* Sermoneta, Duke of, 42, 54, 136.
* Severoli's (Cardinal) election to the Papal chair vetoed by Austria, 162, 163.
* Sforza, Cardinal, 129.
* Sham candidates at Papal elections, 158.
* Silverius (536–535), a Pope, the son of a Pope, 123
* Sixtus V. (1585–90), 119, 125, 189
* Soderini, Cardinal (of Volterra), ease of, 135.
* Soglia, Cardinal, 191.
* Spain, Crown of, has a right of veto in Papal elections, 159.
* St. George, Chevalier de, 68.
* St Louis, cross of, 123 ​
* Sta. Croce, Cardinal (Cervini. afterwards Marcellus II.), 72–78.
* States of the Church, invasion of, by the French (1797), 83.
* Stefaneschi, Cardinal G. G. 154.
* Stendhal quoted or referred to, 57, 61.
* Stephen III. (768–772), his decree against the election to the Papacy, of anyone not an ordained Cardinal, 164.
* Stock Exchange, improvised during interregnum, 51.
* Symamachus (498–513), his canon on papal elections, 94.
* Tencin, Cardinal, 68, 106.
* Theiner, Father. keeper of the Vatican Records—his 'Clement XIV.' 111, 112; his Vetera Monumenta Poloniæ, 207 seq.
* Tolentino, treaty of, 83.
* Torres, a Conclavist, his intrigue at the election of Pius IV., 70, 71.
* Tricks practised at Papal elections, 157, 158.
* Turning-wheels for the admission of articles necessary for the use of Conclave, 108, 110.
* Unigenitus, the Bull, opposition to it in France, 225–228.
* Urban V. (1362–70) grants a Brief to Casimir the Great, of Poland, confirming validity of his marriage with a second wife, the first being yet alive, 207, 208.
* Urban VI. (1378–89), the last, under the rank of Cardinal, who was elected Pope, 104, 164.
* Urban VIII. (1623–44), riots at his election, 46, 47, 157; his Bull on Papal elections, 112.
* Urbino, Duke of, 54
* Vaini, Prince,—dispute with the Sbirri during an interregnum, 45, 46.
* Vatican, the, the former locality of Conclave, described 104 seq.
* Venice, Conclave at, after the death of Pius VI., 153.
* Veto on Papal elections vested in certain Crowns, 158, 159; its intended application at the election of Pius IX., 162.
* Visconti, Theobald, Archdeacon of Liege; see Gregory X.
* Viterbo, protracted election at, 17–20. 153; communal bell of, 33; conflict between Rome and the Viterbese, 33.
EDINBURGH: T. CONSTABLE, PRINTER TO THE QUEEN, AND TO THE UNIVERSITY.