OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ahorn

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Ahorn. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ahorn, masculine. ‘maple,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German âhorn, masculine, the â of which is inferred from the Swiss dialectic; compare Dutch ahorn. It is primitively allied to Latin ăcer, neuter, ‘maple' (Greek ἄκαστος) and Greek ἀκαταλίς ‘juniper berry.’ The German word, at all events, cannot be regarded as borrowed from Latin. For another old name see under Maßholder.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ahlei

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Ahlei. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ahlei, see Aglei.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ahn

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Ahn. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ahn, masculine, ‘grandfather, ancestor,’ from Middle High German ane (collateral modified form ene), Old High German ano, masculine, ‘grandfather’; akin to the ​Alemannian diminutive Ähni, ‘grandfather.’ Further Modern High German Ahne, Middle High German ane, Old High German ana, feminine, ‘grandmother.’ To these are allied Modern High German Urahn, Middle High German urane, urene, Old High German *urano, masculine, great-grandfather'; in Old High German alt-ano, altar-ano (for the force of ur- in Urahne see ur-). The class is peculiar to German, being foreign to the remaining Teutonic dialects; compare also Enkel — really a diminutive form — which belongs to it. There is no doubt that Latin ănus, ‘old woman,’ is a primitively cognate. Perhaps the Teutonic masculine name Old High German Anelo (Anglo-Saxon Onela, Old Icelandic Ále) is allied to it.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ahne

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Ahne. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ahne, feminine, ‘boon’ (of flax or hemp), from Middle High German âne, older agene, feminine, ‘chaff'; Old High German agana, feminine, ‘chaff;’ also Anglo-Saxon *agon, œgne, Middle English awene, English awns, Gothic ahana, Old Icelandic ǫgn, ‘chaff.’ In these cognates two really different roots seem to have been blended in various ways; the meaning ‘chaff' would be applicable to the one, just as the exact Greek corresponding ἄχνη, ‘chaff, foam’ (of the sea), likewise points to Aryan aghnâ (compare besides Greek ἄχυρον, ‘chaff’). The other is perhaps literally ‘prickle, awn,’ and belongs to the root ah (Aryan ak); see Ähre.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dann

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry dann. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dann, adverb, from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German danne, ‘then, at that time, in such a case, thereupon’; properly identical with denn; in Middle High German and Old High German danne is used indifferently for denn and dann. Anglo-Saxon þonne, þœnne, English then. The Old Teutonic adverb is based on the pronominal stem þa- (compare der); yet the mode of its formation is nor quite clear. Compare da, der, and the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dannen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry dannen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dannen, adverb, only preserved in the phrase von dannen, ‘thence, from thence’; Middle High German dannen, Old High German dannana, dannân, and danân, ‘inde, illinc’; Anglo-Saxon þanon, English thence. For Gothic *þanana the word þaþrô, formed from the same root, was used.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/deftig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry deftig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ deftig, adjective, Modern High German only, from Low German destig; the latter, with English daft, Anglo-Saxon gedœft, ‘mild, meek, gentle’ (Gothic gadaban, ‘to be fitting’), and perhaps with High German tapfer, is derived from a Teutonic root dab, dap. See tapfer.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dehnen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry dehnen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dehnen, verb, ‘to stretch, extend, lengthen,’ from Middle High German and Old High German denen, dennen, weak verb, ‘to stretch, draw, strain’; compare Gothic ufþanjan, ‘to extend’; Anglo-Saxon þenian, þennan, ‘to stretch.’ The Gothic þanjan is a derivative of a strong verb *þënan, like þakjan, ‘to cover,’ from a strong verb *þëkan (Latin tego); þanja and þëna are primitively cognate with Greek τείνω. The root ten is widely diffused in the Aryan group. Sanscrit root tan, ‘to strain, widen, extend (of time), endure’; tántu-s, masculine, ‘thread,’ tánti-s, feminine, ‘line, rope’; Greek τείνω, τάνυμαι, τάσις, τένων, ‘sinew,’ ταινία, ‘strip’; Old Slovenian teneto, tonoto, ‘cord,’ Latin tenus, ‘cord,’ Lithuanian tìnklas, ‘net.’ The idea of extension is shown also by the root ten (Latin teneo, tendo) in an old Aryan adjective; see dünn and Dohne. A figurative sense of the same root is seen in donnern; the evolution of meaning may be ‘extension—sound—noise.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/damals

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry damals. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ damals, adverb, ‘at that time, then,’ Modern High German only. In Middle High German the expression is des mâles, ‘at that time.’ See Mal.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/decken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry decken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ decken, verb, ‘to cover, screen,’ from the equivalent Modern High German dęcken, Old High German dęcchan; the latter (with cch- from kj) from *þakjan, which was most likely the Gothic form; compare Anglo-Saxon þęccan (obsolete in English); Old Icelandic þekja, ‘to cover.’ þakjan is a derivative of the Aryan root teg (discussed under Dach), which appears with the same meaning in Latin tegere, Greek σ-τέγεω, Sanscrit sthagâmi. A strong verb þekan corresponding to tego, στέγω, is is nowhere recorded within the Teutonic group; the weak verb has assumed its function.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dar

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry dar. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dar, adverb, ‘there,’ etymologically identical with da (whence the compounds daran, darin, darum, &c.), and with Old High German dara, ‘thither.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/darben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry darben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ darben, verb, ‘to suffix want, famish,’ from Middle High German darben, Old High German darbên, ‘to dispense with, be deficient’; corresponds to Gothic gaþarban, ‘to abstain from’; Anglo-Saxon þearfan, ‘to be in need of.’ The verb is derived from the same root (þerf) as dürfen ​which see; its primary meaning is ‘to be in need of.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dauern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry dauern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dauern (1.), verb, ‘to last, endure,’ from the equivalent Middle High German dûren, tûren, from Latin dûrare (French durer). Dauer, feminine, is simply a Modern High German form from dauern. English to dure (endure) comes from French durer.
dauern (2.), bedauern, verb, ‘to cause pity, sorrow, regret’; the initial d indicates that the verb was borrowed from Middle German and Low German, for the Middle High German form was tûren; mich tûret ein ding or eines dinges, ‘that appears to me to be (too) expensive, dear’; tûren is related by gradation to teuer, Middle High German tiure; for the change from û to iu compare traurig with Anglo-Saxon dreórig, English dreary. It is remarkable that the verb, which, judging by its gradation, must be very old, is utterly wanting in the older dialects.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/daß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry daß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ daß, conjunction, ‘that,’ from Middle High German and Old High German daȥ; corresponds to Old Low German and English that, Gothic þata; etymologically identical with das, the neuter article. See der.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wiltshire, John (2)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wiltshire, John, s. John, of Bathford, Somerset, arm. New Coll., matric. 11 Nov., 1805, aged 17.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wimberley, Charles Irvine

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wimberley, Charles Irvine, 2s. Charles, of Cape of Good Hope, cler. Pembroke Coll., matric. 7 Dec., 1850, aged 20; exhibitioner University Coll. 1851-3, B.A. 1854, M.A. 1857, vicar of Hartlip, Kent, 1866-76, and of Sibertswold 1876. See Rugby School Reg., 258.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wimble, Henry

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wimble, Henry, o.s. John, of Leeds, Yorks, gent. Queen's Coll., matric. 22 Oct., 1866, aged 19; exhibitioner 1866-71, B.A. 1870, M.A. 1879, head-master North Walsham Grammar School 1878.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wilton, William

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wilton, William, s. Henry, of Gloucester (city), gent. Pembroke Coll., matric. 14 Dec., 1784, aged 13; B.A. 1788, M.A. 1791 (? rector of South Stoke, and vicar of Kirdford, Sussex, 1806, until his death 28 Nov., 1809).
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wiltshire, John (1)

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wiltshire, John, s. Walter, of St. Michael's, Bath, Somerset, gent. Queen's Coll., matric. 20 Oct., 1779. aged 17.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wimbush, John Sedgwick

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wimbush, John Sedgwick, 3s. Samuel, of Terrington, Yorks, cler. Oriel Coll., matric. 23 Oct., 1885, aged 19.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wiltsher, Edward

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wiltsher, Edward, 'baker;' privilegiatus 10 March, 1760.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wilton, William Henry St. Amand

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wilton, William Henry St. Amand, 4s. Edward, of West Lavington, Wilts, cler. Worcester Coll., matric. 9 May, 1857, aged 17.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wiltshire, Thomas

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wiltshire, Thomas, of Trinity Coll., Cambridge (B.A. 1850, M.A. 1853); adm. 'ad eundem' 14 June, 1855, Sunday evening lecturer and curate of St. Clement's, Eastcheap, London, 1865.
# Alumni Oxonienses: the Members of the University of Oxford, 1715-1886/Wiltshire, John Walter

From volume 4 of the work.
​Wiltshire, John Walter, 1s. John, of Adbury, Hants, arm. Trinity Coll., matric. 10 March, 1842, aged 20; of Shockerwick, Somerset, and of Avening, co. Gloucester, lay rector of Bathford.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hocken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry hocken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hocken, verb, ‘to crouch, squat,’ first recorded in Modern High German; it is, however, an archaic word, as is shown by the prevalence of the root hū̆k, hukk; compare Middle High German hûchen, ‘to duck, crouch,’ Old Icelandic húka (with a strong participle hokenn), ‘to crouch,’ Dutch huiken. Old Icelandic hokra, ‘to crawl,’ is probably not connected with this word, but with hinken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hohl

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry hohl. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hohl, adjective, ‘hollow, concave,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German hol, adjective; compare Dutch hol, ‘hollow,’ Anglo-Saxon hol, Old Icelandic holr, adjective, ‘hollow’; English hole is an adjective used as a substantive, so too Anglo-Saxon, Old High German, and Middle High German hol, ‘cave.’ The relation of these cognates, which point to Gothic *hula-, ‘hollow,’ to the equivalent Anglo-Saxon holh, English hollow, has not been explained. The word is usually connected with the root hel (in hehlen), ‘to conceal by covering’; Gothic hulundi, feminine, literally the hiding place, ‘cave.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hoffen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry hoffen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hoffen, verb, from equivalent Middle High German (especially Middle German), hoffen, ‘to hope,’ which is not yet used, however, by the classicists of the Middle High German period (they employ the term gedingen, weak verb, with which gedinge, ‘hope,’ is connected; Old High German gidingen and gidingo); it is also unknown to Old High German. In Old Low German, on the other hand, a corresponding tô-hopa, ‘hope,’ is found. The verb appears earliest in English; Anglo-Saxon tôhopa, ‘hope,’ Anglo-Saxon hopian, equivalent to English to hope. At a later period Dutch hopen and Middle Low German hopen occur. Not until the latter half of the 13th century does Middle High German hoffen become more prevalent, after its solitary occurrence since 1150 A.D. It is usually considered as a Low German loan-word. For the early history of the word the corresponding abstract Anglo-Saxon hyht, ‘hope,’ is significant, since it shows that Teutonic hopôn represents *huqôn (Aryan root kug). Its connection with Latin cupio is scarcely possible.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hold

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry hold. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hold, adjective, ‘favourable, gracious, charming, lovely,’ from Middle High German holt (genitive holdes), Old High German hold, adjective, ‘gracious, condescending, favourable, faithful’; Gothic hulþs, ‘gracious,’ Old Icelandic hollr, ‘gracious, faithful, healthy,’ Anglo-Saxon and Old Saxon hold. The common Teutonic adjective originally denoted the relation of the feudal lord and his retainers (‘condescending, gracious,’ on the one side, ‘faithful, devoted,’ on the other); compare Middle High German holde, masculine, ‘vassal.’ The idea expressed by hold was also current in the religious sphere — Gothic unhulþôns, feminine, literally ‘fiends, devils,’ Old High German holdo, ‘genius,’ Middle High German die guoten holden, ‘penates.’ Hold is usually connected with an Old Teutonic root hal, ‘to bow,’ to which Old High German hald, ‘inclined,’ is allied; see Halde. It has also been referred to hal-ten on the supposition that the dental is derivative; hold, adjective, ‘guarded, nursed’?. From the phonetic point of view there is no important objection to either of these derivations.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/holpern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry holpern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ holpern, verb, ‘to jolt,’ Modern High German only (Alemannian hülpen), for which in late Middle High German holpeln once occurs. Of imitative origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/humpeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry humpeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ humpeln, humpen, verb, ‘to hobble’; Modern High German only, from Low German?. Perhaps allied to hinken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hofieren

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry hofieren. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hofieren, verb, ‘to court, flatter,’ from Middle High German hovieren, ‘to make a display, serve, pay court to, be courteous, serenade’; from German Hof, with a Romance suffix.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/holen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry holen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ holen, verb, to fetch,’ from Middle High German holn (variant haln), verb, Old High German holôn (halôn), ‘to call, invite, lead or fetch (hither).’ Compare Old Saxon halôn, Old Frisian halia, Dutch halen, ‘to fetch’; Anglo-Saxon geholian and *gehalian, English to hale. The Teutonic root hal, hol, corresponds to Latin calâre, ‘to convoke,’ Greek καλεῖν. Compare further Hall, hell, which probably belong also to the same root.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/horchen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry horchen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ horchen, verb, ‘to hearken, listen to, obey,’ properly Middle German (in Upper German losen, hören), Middle High German hō̆rchen, late Old High German hôrechen, from *hôrahhôn; compare Anglo-Saxon *heárcian, English to hark, Old Frisian hêrkia; a common West Teutonic derivative of hören. Gothic *hauzaqôn? (whence in Anglo-Saxon hŷrcnian, English to hearken). Compare English to talk, connected with to tell, to lurk with to lower (see lauern), to walk, related to wallen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/huntzen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry huntzen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ huntzen, verb, ‘to abuse,’ Modern High German only, probably ‘to call one a dog’ (note the formation of ertzen, sietzen, dutzen); then probably also ‘to treat anyone like a dog.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Finne

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Finne. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Finne (1.), feminine, ‘fin,’ first occurs in Modern High German from Low German finne, Dutch vin, ‘fin’; first recorded in the Teutonic group in Anglo-Saxon (finn, masculine, English fin), hence it cannot have been borrowed from Latin pinna, ‘fin of the dolphin, feather.’ No Teutonic word can be proved to have been borrowed from Latin before the period of the Old Teutonic substitution of consonants, i.e., before the beginning of our era (see Hanf). Hence Anglo-Saxon finn must be assumed as primitively cognate with Latin pinna. Is it, like penna, based upon pesna (Old Latin)? If it were based upon *pis-nâ, ‘fin,’ it might perhaps be regarded as cognate with piscis, Gothic fiska- (fis-ka), ‘fish.’
Finne (2.), feminine, ‘tumour, scrofula,’ from Middle High German vinne, pfinne, ‘pimple, foul rancid smell’; compare Dutch vin, ‘pimple.’ The relation of the initial sounds is not clear; Middle High German pfinne points to Gothic p, Dutch vin to f initially; perhaps the double form is due to confusion with Finne (1.); p may be the correct initial sound.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Firlefanz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Firlefanz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Firlefanz, masculine, ‘nonsense, drollery,’ from Middle High German virlefanz, masculine, ‘a sort of dance,’ whence the meaning in Modern High German ‘foppish, silly manner.’ Some have tried to connect it with Norwegian fillefant, ‘scoundrel,’ fantefolk, ‘gipsies,’ which would make it akin to Fant. On account of the late appearance of the word it is impossible to decide, however, whether Anglo-Saxon fyrlen, ‘far, distant,’ is the basis of the first part of the compound, or rather Middle High German firlei, ‘a dance’ (French virelai, ‘virelay’). See Fant.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Firn

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Firn. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Firn, Firne, masculine, ‘snow of the preceding year or years, glacier,’ properly an adjectival substantive in the sense of ‘old snow,’ first recorded in the last century; see the preceding word. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Finger

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Finger. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Finger, masculine, ‘finger,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vinger, Old High German fingar, masculine; a common Teutonic term; compare Gothic figgrs, Old Icelandic fingr, Anglo-Saxon and English finger. It is uncertain whether the word is derived from fangen, root fanh, and it is questionable whether it comes from the root finh, pre-Teutonic pink, ‘to prick, paint,’ Latin fingo (see Feile); it is most probably primitively allied to fünf (Aryan penqe). The terms Hand, Finger, Zehe are specifically Teutonic, and cannot be etymologically explained with certainty. Besides there existed even in Old Teutonic a definite term for each finger. First of all the thumb obtained its name, which is a rudimentary and hence very old form; for the remaining names see under Daumen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Finte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Finte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Finte, feminine, literally ‘feint,’ also ‘trick, fib,’ first occurs in Modern High German, from Italian finta, ‘cunning’ (French feinte).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Firnewein

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Firnewein. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Firnewein, ‘last year's wine’; see firn.