OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Firnis

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Firnis. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Firnis, masculine, ‘varnish,’ from Middle High German firnîs, ‘varnish, rouge’; from French vernis (whence also English varnish), Italian vernice. Finally derived from Latin vitrum, vitrînus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Filz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Filz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Filz, masculine, ‘felt, blanket; miser; reprimand,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vilz, Old High German filz, masculine; compare Dutch vilt, Anglo-Saxon and English felt, Swedish and Danish filt, ‘felt’ (Gothic *filtis, pre-Teutonic *peldos, neuter). Latin pilus, pileus, Greek πῖλος, are scarcely allied; it is more probably connected with Old Slovenian plŭstĭ, ‘felt.’ From the Teutonic word are derived the similarly sounding Romance words, Italian feltro, French feutre, Middle Latin filtrum, ‘felt.’ Other words also relating to weaving were introduced into Romance from Teutonic. See Haspe, Rocken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/First

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry First. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ First, masculine, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German virst, Old High German first, masculine, ‘ridge of a roof, summit’; compare Low German and Dutch (with gradation), vorst, ‘ridge of a roof,’ Anglo-Saxon first, fyrst, feminine; Gothic *faírsti- or fairshti- is wanting. Allied to Sanscrit pṛšṭhá-m, neuter, ‘back, summit, mountain-peak,’ which is nearest in sound to Dutch vorst. From Teutonic, Old French freste, Provençal frest, ‘gable,’ are derived.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fink

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fink. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fink, masculine, ‘finch,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vinke, Old High German fincho, masculine; corresponds to Dutch vink, Anglo-Saxon finc, English finch, Swedish fink, Danish finke, ‘finch’; Gothic *finki-, *finkjan-, are wanting. There is a striking similarity of sound in the Romance words for ‘finch’ — Italian pincione, French pinson, to which the English dialectal forms pink, pinch, ‘finch,’ belong. Yet there is no suspicion that the Teutonic word was borrowed; the Teutonic class is probably primitively allied to the Romance word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Backe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Backe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Backe (1.), Backen, masculine, especially used in the compounds with Asch-, Hinter-, hence the literal meaning, ‘buttock.’ The correct High German form, which has the regular permutation of k to ch, is seen in Middle High German bache, Old High German bahho, ‘ham, flitch of bacon’ (yet Middle High German also ars-backe, masculine), which as ‘bacon’ made its way into Old French, and thence into English also. Although it has been connected by the linguistic instinct of Modern High German with the following word, they are not allied; it is more probable that Backe and the stem bak, discussed under Backbord, is most closely connected with it.
Backe (2.), masculine, feminine, also Backen, masculine (the latter especially in the compounds Backenzahn, -streich), ‘cheek’; from Middle High German backe, masculine, ‘jaw, jawbone, cheek.’ Old High German has the doublets baccho (whence the Middle High German and Modern High German ck) and bahho, which produce Middle High German bache. Compare Middle High German kinnebache beside kinnebacke, which compound too, even in Old High German (as chinni-bahho), is more frequent than the simple word; compare Old Saxon kinni-bako, Dutch kinnebakken. It is still uncertain whether Latin bucca, ‘cheek,’ is allied to it; its initial b might have arisen from bh, as in barba (see Bart); but the two differ in meaning; while the Latin signifies ‘the inflated cheek,’ the German word originally denoted ‘jaw.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Baden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Baden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Baden, the name of a place, is properly dative plural of Bad, ‘at the baths’ (so too English Bath); probably an imitation of Latin aquae in names of places.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bahre

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bahre. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bahre, feminine, ‘barrow, bier,’ from the equivalent Middle High German bâre, Old High German bâra, feminine; Gothic *bêra or *bêrô, feminine; Anglo-Saxon bœ̂r, bœ̂re, English bier; English barrow (Middle English barewe), belongs to a different gradation since it presupposes Gothic *barwa; compare Old Icelandic barar, plural ‘bier,’ Gothic *barôs. The pre-Teutonic phonetic form is bhérâ-. From the Old High German word is derived the equivalent Italian bara (barella), French bière. The root is the primitive Aryan bher, ‘to carry,’ which is widely diffused, and appears in Modern High German Bürde, gebären, Geburt, as well as in Zuber; it occurs in Indian as bhar, in Greek as φερ, in Latin as fer. From this root the Old Teutonic languages, in agreement with all the other Aryan tongues, formed a strong verb, Gothic baìran, Old High German bëran, Middle High German bërn (the latter means only ‘to bear fruit, produce, give birth to’), Anglo-Saxon bëran, English to bear. Compare especially gebären.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bachstelze

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bachstelze. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bachstelze feminine, ‘water-wagtail,’ formed from the equivalent Middle High German waȥȥerstelze, Old High German waȥȥerstelza; the second part of the compound is connected with Stelze. This term is only High German; compare with it Dutch kwikstaart, ​Norwegian quickstiert, English wagtail, Low German wippstert, Danish vipstiert; also Greek σεισοπυγίς ltal. squassacoda, codatremola, cutretta, French hoche-queue; but Spanish andario, which meant lit ‘brook-trotter.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bagger

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bagger. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​Bagger, masculine, ‘dredging-machine’; like many words with gg (compare Flagge), it is not properly High German (since gg in High German must have been changed to ck), but from Low German bagger, identical with Dutch bagger, ‘mud at the bottom of water.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Back

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Back. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Back, neuter, ‘a deep wooden dish, in which food is served for a certain number of the crew’; borrowed, like many technical terms of sea-life, from Low German; Low German back, ‘dish,’ English back (‘tub, vat’); compare Modern French bac, ‘brewer’s vat or tub,’ borrowed from this word or the Dutch bak. It has been derived from Late Latin bacca, ‘water vessel,’ whence also French bac, ‘ferryboat,’ Dutch bak, English bac, ‘a flat-bottomed boat.’ Probably Becken is allied to it.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bad

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bad. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bad, neuter, ‘bath,’ from the equivalent Middle High German bat(d), Old High German bad, neuter; compare Dutch bad, Anglo-Saxon bœþ, English bath, Old Icelandic bað, ‘bath.’ An important word in relation to the history of Old Teutonic civilisation; even the Roman writers testify that bathing (compare further laben) was a daily necessity to the Teutons. As a verb, a denominative was already formed in the Old Teutonic dialects, Middle High German and Modern High German baden, from Old High German badôn, Dutch baden, Anglo-Saxon baþian, English to bathe; Gothic *baþôn is not recorded. The dental of the cognates is derivative, hence ba (Aryan bhâ) is the root syllable, (compare bähen, in that case allied to it), to which Old Slovenian banja, ‘bath,’ banjati, ‘to wash, bathe,’ belongs. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bader

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bader. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bader, masculine, ‘barber,’ from Middle High German badœre, ‘one who looks after the bathers in the bath-house.’ “In the later period of the Middle Ages it was a custom to get the beard shaved and the hair cut by the Bader at the end of the bath.”
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bahn

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bahn. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bahn, feminine, ‘path, track, career,’ from Middle High German bane, ban, feminine, masculine, ‘road, way’; allied to Middle Dutch bane, Dutch baan. No word identical with this is found in any of the older periods of the Teutonic group. The cognates of bohnen are probably allied to it.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Backbord

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Backbord. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Backbord, neuter, ‘larboard,’ from Low German (compare the preceding word); compare Dutch bakboord (Anglo-Saxon bœcbord), whence also the equivalent French bâbord; literally ‘the left side of the ship to the back of the helmsman, who is steering with his right hand, the left hinder-part of the ship.’ Dutch and English back is an Old Teutonic word, which was, however, very early obsolete in High German (see the following word); Old High German bah, Old Saxon bak, Anglo-Saxon bœc, English back, Old Icelandic bak, neuter, ‘back,’ Gothic *bak, neuter. From Low German is also derived High German Bord. See the latter.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schäfchen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schäfchen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schäfchen, in the phrase sein Schäfchen ins Trockene bringen, ‘to feather one's nest,’ is usually explained as a corruption of Low German schepken, ‘barque.’ Perhaps it is, however, an ironical application of a passage in the parable of the Good Shepherd.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schädel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schädel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schädel, masculine, ‘skull,’ from Middle High German schědel, masculine, ‘skull,’ and also ‘a dry measure’; ullied to Dutch schedel, masculine; unknown to the other Old Teutonic dialects (in Old High German gëbal, ‘skull,’ like Greek κεφαλή; see Giebel). Its connection with Scheitel is conceivable.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schöllkraut

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schöllkraut. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schöllkraut, see Schellkraut.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schönbartspiel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schönbartspiel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schönbartspiel neuter, ‘mummery, carnival play,’ a corruption of Middle High German schëmebart, masculine (also schëme-houbet), ‘mask,’ connecting the word with the adjective schön; schëmebart is properly ‘bearded mask,’ from Middle High German schëme, masculine, ‘shadow, mask.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schöppe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schöppe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schöppe, masculine, Low German form of Schöffe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schöps

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schöps. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schöps, masculine, ‘wether, mutton, simpleton,’ an East Middle German and Bavarian word (unknown to Hessian, Rhenish, and Franconian), from Middle High German schöpeȥ, schopeȥ, masculine, ‘wether, mutton’; borrowed in the Middle High German period from Slavonic. Compare Czech skopec, ‘wether,’ Old Slovenian skopĭcĭ, ‘eunuch,’ allied to skopiti, ‘to castrate.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schächer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schächer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schächer masculine, ‘robber,’ from the equivalent Middle High German schâchœre, Old High German scâhhâri, masculine, connected with Middle High German schâch, Old High German scâh, masculine, ‘robbery, rapine'; compare Dutch schaak, ​‘rape, seduction,’ Old Frisian skâk, ‘booty, robbery,’ Anglo-Saxon sčeâcêre, ‘robber'; Gothic *skêka, ‘robbery,’ is wanting. The Teutonic cognates passed into Romance; compare Old French échec, ‘robbery.’ Other terms related to the Teutonic cognates are not found in the Aryan languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schärpe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schärpe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schärpe, feminine, ‘scarf, sash,’ Modern High German only, formed from the equivalent French écharpe, of which the Old French form escharpe, ‘wallet hung round the neck of a pilgrim,’ is derived, like Italian sciarpa, ‘scarf, girdle,’ from late Old High German scharpe, ‘pocket.’ Note Bavarian Schärpfen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schöffe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schöffe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schöffe, masculine, ‘assessor, sheriff, juryman,’ from Middle High German schęffe, schępfe, schęffen, masculine, ‘presiding judge, assessor,’ Old High German scęffin, scaffin, and scęffino, with the same sense; compare Old Low German scępino, ‘assessor,’ Dutch schepen, ‘sheriff.’ The term is not found before the time of Charlemagne, who first created the office of assessor; yet the origin and form of the word points to an earlier period, although Gothic *skapja or *skapeins and the corresponding words in Old Icelandic and Anglo-Saxon are wanting. Teutonic skapjan (see schaffen) also signified ‘to arrange, decree, decide,’ hence Schöffe, literally ‘ordainer’?. From Teutonic the office and the term applied to it passed into Romance as Middle Latin scabînus; compare Italian scabino, French échevin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schöpfer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schöpfer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schöpfer, masculine, ‘creator,’ from the equivalent Middle High German schępfœre, Old High German scępfâri, allied to Middle High German scępfen (scaffan), ‘to create.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fant

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fant | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fant, m., ‘coxcomb,’ a LG. form (comp. Du. vent, ‘a would-be wit, fool’), for MidHG. vanz, m., ‘rogue’ (still existing in alfanz, lit. ‘vagabond’; comp. ModHG. Firle, Fanz, the first part of which is obscure, perhaps connected with AS. fyrlen, ‘foreign’?). See Alfanzerei.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Farbe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Farbe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Farbe, f., ‘colour, complexion, suit (of cards),’ from MidHG. varwe, OHG. farawa, ‘colour’; a fem, subst. from the MidHG. adj. var, inflected form varwer, ‘coloured,’ from OHG. faro (nom. farawêr); comp. Du. verw. The word originated probably in Middle Europe, but found its way to the North; Dan. farve, Swed. färg. Is Goth. *farwa-, adj. (whence Lith. parwas, ‘colour’), or *fazwa to be postulated?
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fang

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fang | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fang, m., ‘catch, capture, fang, clutches, haul,’ from MidHG. vanc, m., OHG. fang; comp. AS. feng, ‘clutch, embrace,’ fang, ‘capture,’ E. fang (tooth, claw).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Farn

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Farn | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Farn, m., n., ‘fern,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. varn, varm; corresponds to Du. varenkruid, AS. fearn, E. fern. The interchange of n and m in OHG. and MidHG. is due to the assimilation of the suffix na- to the initial labial; comp. OHG. feim with OInd. phêna, and OHG. bodam with Sans. budhna. Farn is wanting in OIc.; yet comp. Swed. dial. fänne (Ic. *ferne). The type is doubtlessly Aryan parna-, which is identical with Sans. parṇa, n., ‘wing, feather, foliage, leaf’; hence Farn is lit. ‘feather-like leaf’ (Gr. πτερίς, ‘fern,’ and πτερόν, ‘feather’). Probably allied also to Lith. papartis, Russ. paporotĭ (OSlov. *papratĭ), ‘fern.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Faser

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Faser | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Faser, f., ‘fibre, filament,’ from late MidHG. vaser, f., ‘fringe,’ most frequently vase, m., f., ‘fibre, fringe, border,’ OHG. faso, m., fasa, f.; AS. fœs, n., MidE. fasil, ‘fringe.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Falter

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Falter | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Falter, m., simply ModHG., ‘butterfly’; the MidHG. term is vîvalter (corrupted also into zwivalter), ‘butterfly,’ from which the ModHG. word has been corrupted by connecting it with falten. But MidHG. vîvalter is based upon an OTeut. term for ‘butterfly,’ which may have been *feifaldrô in Goth.; comp. OHG. fîfaltra, OSax. fîfoldara, AS. fîfealde, OIc. fifrilde, ‘butterfly’; akin to Du. vijfwouter, ‘a sort of butterfly.’ The origin of this term is not yet established, although it is probably a reduplicated form like beben and zittern.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Falte

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Falte | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Falte, f., ‘fold, plait, crease, hem,’ from MidHG. valte, OHG. falt, m., ‘fold,’ is ​primit. cognate with Sans. puṭa, ‘fold’ (from pulta). See falzen. — From an OTeut. Faltstuhl (AS. fyldstôl), ‘folding stool,’ is derived the Fr. cognate fauteuil, which has lately been adopted again by ModHG.; comp. MidLat. faldistolium, faldistorium, Ital. faldistorio.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Farre

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Farre | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Farre, m., ‘bullock, bull,’ from the equiv. MidHG. varre, var, m., OHG. farro, far, m.; corresponding to Du. varre, var, ‘bull,’ AS. fearr, m., OIc. farre, m., ‘bull.’ Since there is a corresponding fen. form, Färse, the rr must have originated in rz (rs), (comp. dürr, irre). —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fasan

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fasan | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fasan, m., ‘pheasant,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. fasân, fasant, m.; the ​latter is derived from Lat. Gr. fasianus (φασιανός, ‘a bird from the Phasis in Colchis’), ‘pheasant,’ whence also Ital. fagiano, Fr. faisan.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Fasching

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fasching | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fasching, m., ‘carnival,’ from MidHG. vaschanc, m., ‘Shrovetide’; how it is connected with Fastnacht (Shrove-Tuesday) has not yet been explained.