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# China Micronesia Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

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The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia have decided, through friendly consultations, to establish diplomatic relations between the two countries at ambassadorial level as from 11 September 1989.
The Government of the Federated States of Micronesia recognizes the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal government of China. The two Governments agree to develop the diplomatic relations of friendship and cooperation between the two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful coexistence.
(Signed) Zhang Zai Representative of the Government of the People's Republic of China
(Signed) Andon Amaraich Representative of the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia
Pohnpei, 29 August 1989
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# China Maldives Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

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The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Maldives in conformity with the interests of the two countries and in accordance with the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty, territorial integrity, equality and mutual benefit have agreed to the establishment of diplomatic relations effective from October 14, 1972 between the two countries and exchange diplomatic representatives at ambassadorial level.
The Government of the Republic of Maldives recognizes that the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government of China and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the territory of the People's Republic of China.
The Government of the People's Republic of China respects the policy of neutrality pursued by the Government of the Republic of Maldives.
The two Government agree to develop friendly relations and cooperation between the two countries based on the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs and mutual benefit.
(Signed) Ma Tzu-ching (Signed) Hussain Ali Didi
Ambassador of the People's Ambassador of the Republic
Republic of China to the of Maldives to the
Republic of Sri Lanka Republic of Sri Lanka
October 14,1972
# China Mauritius Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

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The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of Mauritius, in conformity with the interests and desire of the peoples of the two countries, have agreed to the establishment of diplomatic relations at the ambassadorial level.
The Chinese Government expresses its resolute support to the Government of Mauritius in its struggle to safeguard national independence and state sovereignty.
The Government of Mauritius recognizes the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal government representing the entire Chinese people.
The two governments agree to develop friendly relations and cooperation between the two countries on the basis of the Five Principles of mutual respect for territorial integrity and sovereignty, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit, and peaceful co-existence.
Peking, April 15, 1972
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# China Kiribati Notes Establishing Diplomatic Relations

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Tarawa, June 25th, 1980
Excellency,
I have the honour to confirm to Your Excellency on behalf of the Government of the People's Republic of China the understanding reached between our two Governments that diplomatic relations shall be established between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Kiribati and that diplomatic envoys with the rank of ambassador shall be exchanged at the earliest possible date.
Trusting that the relationship now established between the two countries will contribute to the promotion of friendship and co-operation between our two nations, I avail myself of this opportunity to extend to Your Excellency the assurance of my highest consideration.
(Mi Guojun)
Ambassador of the People's
Republic of China to Fiji
The Honourable leremia T. Tabai
President of the Republic of Kiribati
Tarawa
Tarawa, Date 25th June, 1980
Excellency,
I have the honour to confirm to Your Excellency on behalf of the Government of Kiribati the understanding reached between our two Governments that diplomatic relations shall be established between The Republic of Kiribati and The People's Republic of China and that diplomatic envoys with the rank of ambassador shall be exchanged at the earliest possible date.
Trusting that the relationship now established between the two countries will contribute to the promotion of friendship and co-operation between our two nations, I avail myself of this opportunity to extend to your Excellency the assurance of my highest consideration.
Ieremia T. Tabai, President of the Republic of Kiribati
Mr.Mi Guojun, Ambassador of the people's Republic of China to Fiji, Suva
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
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# China Latvia Communique on Establishment of Diplomatic Relations

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This is the English langage text. The Chinese language text contains the following additional words in English - "The content of this text of the joint communique in the Chinese Language is completely identical with that of the signed English text of the communique". The Chinese text is hand written.
The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Latvia, in conformity with the interests and desire of the two peoples, have decided to establish diplomatic relations between the two countries at the ambassadorial level as of September 12,1991.
The two Governments have agreed to develop the friendly relations and cooperation between the two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence.
The Government of the Republic of Latvia Recognizes the Government of the People's Republic of China as the sole legal Government of China and Taiwan as an inalienable part of the Chinese territory. The Government of the Republic of Latvia undertakes the obligation not to establish official relations or engage in official contacts with Taiwan.
The Government of the People's Republic of China supports the Government of Latvia in its efforts to safeguard national independence and develop the economy.
The two Governments have agreed to provide each other with all necessary assistance for the performance of the functions of their diplomatic representatives on the basis of equality and mutual benefit in accordance with international practices.
Signed in Riga, September 12,1991
# China Lesotho Communique Establishing Diplomatic Relations

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The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho, in conformity with the interests and desires of the peoples of the two countries, have decided to establish diplomatic relations at ambassadorial level as from 30 April 1983and to exchange ambassadors.
The two Governments have agreed to develop friendly relations and cooperation between the two countries on the basis of the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence.
The Government of the People's Republic of China supports the Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho in its efforts to safeguard national independence and sovereignty and to develop the national economy.
The Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho recognizes that the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government of China and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the People's Republic of China.
The two Governments have agreed to mutually provide all necessary assistance for the performance of the functions of diplomatic representatives in accordance with international practice.
For the Government of the People's Republic of China (Signed) Wang Hao
For the Government of the Kingdom of Lesotho (Signed) David Phatela
General Makoae
Maputo, 30 April 1983
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# China Macedonia Communique Normalizing Relations

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Ⅰ. The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Macedonia, in conformity with the interests and desires of the two peoples, have decided to normalize relations between the two countries effective from 18 June 2001.
Ⅱ. The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Macedonia are determined to conform to all the principles of the "Joint Communiqué between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of Macedonia on the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations". The two Governments have agreed to develop friendly relations and cooperation in conformity with the principles of mutual respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity, mutual non-aggression, non interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit and peaceful coexistence. While maintaining sound political relations, both sides have agreed to make positive efforts to expand exchanges and cooperation in other fields, in particular the economic and trade field. Both sides have expressed their willingness to strengthen cooperation in international organizations. The Government of the Republic of Macedonia recognizes emphatically that there is but one China in the world, that the Government of the People's Republic of China is the sole legal government representing the whole of China and that Taiwan is an inalienable part of the Chinese territory, and confirms that it shall not enter into official relations in whatever form or to engage in any official exchanges with Taiwan.
Ⅲ. The Government of the People's Republic of China and the Government of the Republic of Macedonia have agreed to mutually reestablish embassies as soon as possible and exchange ambassadors. The two sides will, on the basis of mutual benefit and in accordance with international practice, mutually provide all necessary assistance for the performance of the functions of their respective diplomatic representatives.
This Communiqué is signed in Beijing on 18 June 2001 in duplicate in the Chinese, Macedonian, and English languages, all texts being equally authentic.
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Tobias Lohner

From volume 9 of the work.
Born 13 March, 1619, at Neuötting in the Diocese of Salzburg; died 26 (probably) May, 1697. He entered the Society of Jesus on 30 August, 1637, at Lansberg, and spent his first years in the classroom, teaching the classics. Later at Dillingen he was professor, first of philosophy for seven years, then of speculative theology for four years, and finally of moral theology. He was rector of the colleges of Lucerne and Dillingen and master of novices. His zealous sermons won for him the reputation of a great preacher, and his versatility made him a remarkable man in many ways. His chief claim, however, to the gratitude of his contemporaries and of posterity is based mainly on the many works which he wrote, both in Latin and German, on practical questions, especially of asceticism and moral theology. More than twenty years before he died, his literary activity received flattering recognition in the "Bibliotheca Scriptorum Societatis Jesu," a work begun by Father Peter Ribadeneira, S. J., continued by Father Philip Albegambe, S. J., and brought up to date (1675) by Father Nathanael Sotwel, S. J. Of Father Lohner's many published works, those which have secured him most lasting remembrance are the "Instructissima bibliotheca manualis concionatoria" (4 vols., Dillingen, 1681-), and a series of volumes containing practical instructions, the more important of which are the following: "Instructio practica de ss. Missæ sacrificio;" "Instructio practica de officio divino;" "Instructio practica de conversatione apostolica;" "Instructio practica pastorum continens doctrinas et industrias ad pastorale munus pie, fructose et secure obeundum;" "Instructio practica de confessionibus rite ac fructose excipiendis" (complete edition of these instructions, in eleven vols., Dillingen, 1726-). He published many other similar works on preaching, on catechizing, on giving exhortations, on the origin and excellence of the priesthood, on the various states of life, on consoling the afflicted, on questions of polemical, ascetical, speculative, and moral theology, on the means of overcoming temptations, on the foundations of mystical theology. These and other works of like nature testify to his untiring zeal; almost all of them were printed in separate volumes, ran through many editions, and some of them are used and prized even at the present day.
J. H. Fisher.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Tomi

From volume 14 of the work.
A titular metropolitan see in the Province of Scythia, on the Black Sea. It was a Greek colony from Miletus. In 29 B.C. the Romans captured the country from the Odryses, and annexed it as far as the Danube, under the name of Limes Scythicus. The city was afterwards included in the Province of Moesia, and, from the time of Diocletian, in Scythia Minor, of which it was the metropolis. In A.D. 10 Ovid was exiled thither by Augustus, and died there eight years later, celebrating the town of Tomi in his poems. Few places had so many Christian memories as this town, in the barbarous country of the Getae; e.g. Sts. Macrobius, Gordianus, and their companions, exiled to Scythia and slain in 319, venerated on 13 Sept.; Sts. Argeus, Narcissus, and Marcellinus, also slain under Licinius and venerated 2 Jan.; a great many others whose names only are known, and who are mentioned in the Roman Martyrology for 3 April, 20 June, 5 July, and 1 October. The first bishop may have been Evangelicus, mentioned in the Acts of Sts. Epictetus and Action (8 July), and who must have lived at the end of the third century. Eusebius (De Vita Constantini, III, 7) mentions a Scythian bishop at Nicaea who may have belonged to Tomi. Mention should be made of St. Bretanion, martyred under Valens, and whose feast is observed 25 Jan.; Gerontius, at the Council of Constantinople, in 381; St. Theotimus, writer and friend of St. John Chrysostom, venerated 20 April; Timotheus, at Ephesus in 431; John, ecclesiastical writer, d. about 448; Alexander, at Chalcedon in 451; Theotimus II, in 458; Paternus, in 519; and Valentinian, in 550. The Province of Scythia formed a single diocese, that of Tomi, and autocephalous archdiocese, subject to the patriarch of Constantinople. It is mentioned in 640 in the Ecthesis of Pseudo-Epiphanius (Gelzer, "Ungedruckte . . . Texte der Notitiae episcopatuum", 535). Shortly afterwards the Bulgarians invaded the region and the Archdiocese of Tomi was suppressed. The city subsequently belonged to the Byzantines, again to the Bulgarians, then to the Turks, and finally to the Rumanians since the Treaty of Berlin in 1878. The town of Tomi is near Constantza, the capital of Dobroudja and a port on the Black Sea, which has about 15,000 inhabitants. There is a Catholic parish. A statue of the poet Ovid stands in the chief square.
LE QUIEN, Oriens christianus, I, 1211-16; NETZHAMMER, Das altchristliche Tomi (Salzburg, 1903), IDEM, Nach Adam Klissi (Salzburg, 1906); IDEM, Die christlichen Altertumer der Dobrogea (Bukarrest, 1906).
S. VAILHÉ
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Tommasina Vernazza

From volume 15 of the work.
Born at Genoa, 1497; died there, 1587. Her father, Ettore Vernazza, was a patrician, founder of several hospitals for the sick poor in Genoa, Rome, and Naples. Her godmother was St. Catherine Fieschi-Adorno. At the early age of 13, Tommasina entered the monastery of St. Maria delle Grazie, and became a canoness regular, taking the name of Battistina. She filled at various times the office of treasurer, novice-mistress, and prioress. She wrote, among other things, a commentary on the Pater Noster; "The Union of the soul with God"; "Of the knowledge of God"; "Of prayer"; "Of the heavenly joys and of the means of attaining them"; "Of those who have risen with Christ"; meditations, spiritual canticles, and letters to eminent men of her time. Possevin speaks of her writings as inspired. Her works were published at Venice in 3 vols. in 1588. They have been published many times since in 4 or 6 vols.; in Genoa 6 editions have been issued.
VERNAZZA, Opere Spirituali (Venice, 1588; Genoa, 1785); ROSSINI, Lyceum Lateranense Cesenae (1622); SERRA, Storia letteraria (Genoa, 1832); SEMERIA, Storia ecclesiastica di Genova (Turin, 1838); RONCO, Sonetti inediti (Genoa, 1819); BOERI, Una Gloria di Genova (1906).
A. Allaria.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Tommaso Badia

From volume 2 of the work.
Cardinal, author, papal legate, born at Modena, 1483; died at Rome, 6 September, 1547. He entered the Dominican Order in his native city, soon excelled all his brethren in learning, and taught theology successively at Ferrara, Venice, and Rome. When Sylvester de Prierias was sent on a mission to the princes of Italy, Badia was chosen to fill, temporarily, the office of Master of the Sacred Palace, to which he succeeded permanently, probably in 1523. He was put on the commission which drew up the list of abuses to be reformed in the Council of Trent. He took part in the Diet of Worms (1540), not only as disputant, but also as theologian of Cardinal Contarini. On his return to Italy Paul III created him cardinal, and though selected as one of the legates to preside at Trent he was retained at Rome to examine the doctrinal and disciplinary memoranda drawn up in the sessions of the council. It was on his favourable recommendation and approval of its constitutions that Paul III confirmed the Society of Jesus. At his own desire he was buried in the Minerva beside Cardinal Cajetan. He is the author of several philosophical treatises, as well as works on Divine Providence, the immortality of the soul and several treatises against Luther, none of which have been published.
THOS. M. SCHWERTNER
# Christmas v. Russell

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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Christmas v. Russell (72 U.S. 290)
* Christmas v. Russell (81 U.S. 69)
# City Hall Reporter

The City Hall Reporter is a periodical, published in 1833.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
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