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# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Abbey of Newhouse

From volume 10 of the work.
The Abbey of Newhouse, near Brockelsby, Lincoln, the first Premonstratensian abbey in England, was founded in 1143 by Peter de Gousel, with the consent of his lord, Hugh de Bayeux, and the approbation of Alexander, Bishop of Lincoln, with a colony from Liegues Abbey near Calais, France, then under the rule of Abbot Henry. On their arrival in England the White Canons were hospitably received by William, Earl of Lincoln, who confirmed the donations made to Gelro, the first Abbot of Newhouse, by Peter de Gousel the founder, by Ralph de Halton, and Geoffrey do Tours. The abbey was built in honour of Our Lady and St. Martial, Bishop of Limoges. In time Newhouse became the parent house of eleven of the Premonstratensian houses in England. The seal of Newhouse represents an abbot at full length with his crozier and the inscription: Sigill. Conventus Sci Marcialis. Ep. Li. De Newhouse. Of this abbey which was granted (30 Henry VIII) to Charles, Duke of Suffolk, parts only of the old foundations still remain. The names of Twenty-six abbots are known, the last being Thomas Harpham, who was abbot from 1534 to the suppression of the abbey by Henry VIII. The following list gives in alphabetical order the names and dates of foundations of the Premonstratensian, or Norbertine, abbeys, made from the Abbey of Newhouse and existing in England at the time of the Reformation: Alnwick, Northumberland, this was the first foundation made from Newhouse (1147); Barlings, near Lincoln (1154); Bileigh, near Maldon, Essex (1180); Coverham, Yorkshire (originally established at Swainby, 1190); Croxton, near Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire (1163); Dale, Derbyshire (1162); St. Agatha's at Easby, near Richmond, Yorkshire (1152); Newbo, near Barrowby Lincolnshire (1198); Sulby, Northamptonshire (originally established at Welford) (1155).
DUGDALE, Monasticon, Anglicanum, VI; Collectanea Anglo-Præmonst, in REDMEN, Register, ed. GASQUET (ROYAL HISTORICAL SOCIETY, 3rd series, VI, X, XII); GEUDENS, A Sketch of the Premonstratensian Order and its houses in Great Britain and Ireland (London, 1878); HUGO, Annales Præmonstratenses (Nancy, 1734).
F. M. Geudens.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Abbey of Miridite

From volume 10 of the work.
(MIRIDITARUM, or SANCTI ALEXANDRI DE OROSHI).
The name of an abbatia nullius in Albania, where there formerly stood a Benedictine abbey, now destroyed, dedicated to St. Alexander, martyr. By decree of 25 October, 1888, this abbey with its two affiliated parishes, together with five other parishes in the Diocese of Ljes (Alessio, or Alise) were removed from the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Ljes. In 1890 three parishes from the Diocese of Sappa were added, and in 1894 five from Ljes. The country forms part of the Turkish dominions in Europe and is inhabited by Mohammedans, Greek Schismatics, and Catholics. The Catholics number 16,550 and are under the care of secular and regular clergy. The abbot is chosen from among the secular clergy. The present abbot, Mgr. Primus Docchi, who resides at Oroshi was born at Bulgri, 7 Feb., 1846, and studied at the Propaganda College, Rome. The Franciscans have a parish and a hospital at Gomsice.
ROUKIS, Ethnographische und statistische Mittheilungen uber Albanien in PETERMANN'S Mittheilungen (1884), 367 sqq.; Missiones Catholicae; MIHACEVIC, Serafinski Perivoj, XXIII (Livno-Sarajevo, 1909), 126.
A. L. Gancević
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Abbey of Morimond

From volume 10 of the work.
Fourth daughter of Cîteaux situated in Champagne, Diocese of Langres, France; was founded in 1115 by Odelric d' Aigremont and his wife, Adeline de Choiseul. Arnold, its first abbot, a member of one of the noblest families of Germany was for many years considered as one of the columns of the Cistercian Order. Thanks to his zeal and influence, Morimond took on a rapid growth; numerous colonies therefrom established themselves in France, Germany, Poland, Bohemia, Spain, and the Island of Cyprus. Amongst the most celebrated foundations were Ebrach (1126) the most flourishing in Germany; Holy Cross (1134), the glory of the Order in Austria; Aiguebelle (1137), in France which the Reformed Cistercians have now resuscitated from its ruins. This extension was so prodigious that toward the end of the eighteenth century Morimond counted amongst its filiations nearly seven hundred monasteries for both sexes. Briefs from various popes placed the principal Military Orders of Spain under the spiritual jurisdiction of the Abbot of Morimond: the Order of Calatrava (1187); of Alcantara (1214); the Militia of Christ, in Portugal (1319), and later on those of St. Maurice and St.Lazarus in Savoy. The vast wealth that gradually accumulated, and the continual wars wherefrom Morimond had particularly to suffer, on account of its geographical position, became the cause of decadence. Various attempts at reform were made, but the constant political disorders paralyzed the efforts of the reformers. In 1791 the religious were dispersed, and Morimond ceased to exist.
Morimond had sheltered a great number of religious, renowned both for sanctity and science. The abbatial chair was often filled by abbots whose names are yet celebrated, to whom kings and emperors had confided tasks of the most delicate importance, and whom the popes had honoured with their confidence. A large number of bishops and several cardinals were given to the Church by Morimond, and Benedict XII, before his election, was a monk of affiliation of this abbey. Of the magnificent buildings that formed the abbey and its church, so remarkable for architectural beauty and the richness of ornamentation, nothing now remains but ruins; nevertheless the organ, one of the most wonderful in France, and the choir-stalls now beautify the cathedral of Langres.
Gallia Christiana; MARTENE AND DURAND. Voyage Litteraire de deux Benedictines (1717); DUROIS, Histoire de l'Abbaye de Morimond (Dijon, 1852); MANRIQUE, Annales Cistercienses, (Lyons, 1642); JANANUSCHEK, Originum Cisterciensium, I (Vienna, 1877); JONGUELINUS, Notitia Abbatiarum O. Cist. (Cologne, 1640); LE NAIN, Essai de l'histoire de l'ordre de Citeaux (Paris, 1696).
EDMOND M. OBRECHT
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Udny, Sir Richard

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​Udny, Sir Richard, K.C.S.I. (1897), C.S.I. (1894); b. 1847; s. of George Udny; educ: Aberdeen University; M.A. 1866; 1st class Honours in Mathematics; 2nd class Classics; Fullerton Mathematical scholar, 1867; Hon. LL.D, 1898; entered Bengal Civil Service, 1869; served as Political officer with several frontier expeditions; on a special mission to Kurram Valley, 1888; Commissioner, Peshawar Division, 1891; Commissioner for Delimitation of the Indo-Afghan Boundary, 1894-95. and 1896-97; retired, 1899; m. 1883, Alice (died 1904), d. of Samuel Tomkins, Banker of London. Address: Queen Anne’s Mansions, S.W. Club: East India United Service.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Upcott, Lieut.-Col. Sir Frederick Robert

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​Upcott, Lieut.-Col. Sir Frederick Robert, K.C.V.O. (1906), C.S.I. (1900), M.Inst.C.E.; b. 1847; s. of late J. S. Upcott, Cullompton, Devon; educ: Sherborne School; King’s College, London; entered Public Works Department India, 1868; engaged on the Construction of BengalAssam Railway as Engineer-in-Chief, 1891; Consulting Engineer for Railways to Madras Government and Joint Secretary to Government. P.W.D., 1893; Director of Railway consruction in India, 1894-1897; Director-General of Railways in India, 1896; Secretary in the Public Works Department, India, 1898-1901; Government Director of Indian Railways, 1901-1904; Chairman, Board of Supervision, Indian Railways, 1904-08; Chairman, East Indian and Assam Bengal Railways; retired, 1908; m. 1878, Jessi, d. of Harold Turner, Address: C/o Cooks, Biddulph, Bankers, Charing Cross, S.W. Clubs: Constitutional, East India United Service.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Tytler, Adam Gillies

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​Tytler, Adam Gillies C.I.E. (1895), I.C.S. (Retd.) s. of late Colonel R. C. Tytler; b. 1845; joined service in the Opium department, 1862; retired, 1901. Address: 62, Bedford Gardens, Campden Hill, W.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Udaiyarpalayam, Zamindar of; Sri Kachchi Yuva Rangappa Kallakka Chola Udaiyar

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​Udaiyarpalayam, Zamindar of; Sri Kachchi Yuva Rangappa Kallakka Chola Udaiyar; belongs to an ancient and historic family which rendered assistance to the British during the days of Clive and Lawrence; s. of Muttu Vizaya Rangappa; b. 1869; assumed charge of the estate after protracted litigation, 1887; ​m. 1888, 1899 and 1904; eldest son, Bhuvaraha Muttuvijaya; present by invitation at the reception of T.R.H. the Prince and Princess of Wales, 1906; maintains a Vedic School at Udaiyarpalaiyam; supporter of secular and religious education; maintains a bed at the Caste and Gosha Hospital, Madras; spends large sums in renovating ancient temples, etc.; feeds the poor and maintains choultries at an annual cost of over Rs. 30,000. Address: Udaiyarpalyam, Trichinopoly District, Madras Presy., India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Umrao Singh, Sardar

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​Umrao Singh, Sardar, Amristsar; b. 1869; educ: Government School, Amritsar, and Aitchison College, Lahore; m. d. of Captain Gulab Singh, 1883; his father, after serving British Government in the Mutiny of ​1857, obtained a Jaghir in the Gorakhpur District with a pension of Rs. 4,800 a year; visited Europe twice, and has had the honour of being presented to the Prince and Princess of Wales (now King Emperor and Queen-Empress); annual income, Rs. 50,000, of which Rs. 40,000 is from the estate in the district of Gorakhpur. Address: Gorakhpur, Punjab.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Umar Hayat Khan (Tiwana) Malik Mahamud

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​Umar Hayat Khan (Tiwana) Malik Mahamud, C.I.E. (1906); s. of late Malik Saheb Khan, C.S.I.: b. 1875; Chief of the Karla State; Honorary Magistrate and Member of the Council of GovernorGeneral of India; some time a member, Legislative Council. Punjab. Address: Karla State, Sharpur district, Punjab, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Uchgaonkar, Govind Gopal

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​Uchgaonkar, Govind Gopal, Rao Sahib (1889), Belgaum; b. 1865; educ: London Mission High School, Belgaum; Chairman of Belgaum Municipality; Member, Sanitary Committee, and the School Committee, Belgaum; Superintendent of Plague Operations, Belgaum, 1897. Address: Belgaum, Bombay Presidency.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Ujal Singh Sirdar

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​Ujal Singh Sirdar; b. 1858; head of the Dhanaura family; one of the ancestors of this family came to the south and took service under Raja Amar Singh of Patiala in 1770, for which he was granted a quarter share in some of the villages; the family proved very loyal to the British in the Sikh wars and in the Mutiny of 1857; the title of Sirdar is hereditary; divisional Durbaree, exempted from personal attendance in Civil Court Address: Dhanaura, Karnal Punjab, India.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Ullat, Ven’ble Ihsam

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​Ullat, Ven’ble Ihsam; Archdeacon of Delhi; b. 1857; descended from a Mahamedan family of merchants; educ: Baring High School, Batala; Lahore Divinity College; school master and Evangelist; visited England, and stayed with the Church Army 1886; studied in the Divinity College, Lahore; worked for a decade in the Narowal Mission Parochia Missionary for some years; proceeded again to England 1899;represented at the C.M.S. Centenary; went to U.S.A. for attending lectures in the Moody Bible Institute, Chicago; visited Canada; returned to India, 1900; joined Jhangbar Mission; Archdeacon in the Lahore Diocese 1910; Archdeacon of Delhi, 1912 m. 1889; Address: Lyalpore District, Punjab.
# The Indian Biographical Dictionary (1915)/Udaipur (Mewar), Maharana of; H.H. Maharajadhlraja Maharana Sir Fateh Singh Bahadur

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​Udaipur (Mewar), Maharana of; H.H. Maharajadhlraja Maharana Sir Fateh Singh Bahadur, G.C.S.I. (1887); G.C.S.I. (1911); b. 1848; succeeded, 1884; Chief of the Sesodia Clan of Rajputs; entitled to a salute of 19 guns. Address: Udaipur, Rajputana.
# Catalogue of Books Suitable for a Popular Library/Fiction

813. FICTION.
# Catalogue of Books Suitable for a Popular Library/Fine arts

700. FINE ARTS.
Cook, C. The house beautiful.
Ought to carry its lessons of interior beauty and taste to many thousands of American homes.
De Forest, J. B. Short history of art.
The author evidently kept in mind the needs and the limitations of a text book, and she has made by far the best one for beginners that has as yet appeared.
Duplessis, G. Wonders of engraving.
The subject treated is of universal interest, and it is discussed in the popular and entertaining manner in which the French excel.
Goodyear, W. H. A history of art.
The specific aim of the present book has been to present the subject with an amount and choice of illustration which has never been previously attempted.
Houses in city and country.
Miss Hoyt’s foreign travel and study have made possible an exceedingly interesting story, into which has been interwoven much instructive and valuable information.
Jameson, A. Mrs. Sacred and legendary art.
A fascinating study of Christian history and legends in art.
# Catalogue of Books Suitable for a Popular Library/Ethics

170 ETHICS.
# Catalogue of Books Suitable for a Popular Library/Literature

800. LITERATURE.
Poetry.
Shakespeare
Shakespeare's complete works.
800. LITERATURE.
Prose.
# Catalogue of Books Suitable for a Popular Library/Reference books

REFERENCE BOOKS.
Encyclopedias.
Parliamentary Practice.
Dictionaries.
English.
German.
French.
Latin.
Art.
Music.
Literature.
Quotations.
Dates.
Gazetteers.
Dictionaries.
Classical.
Biography.
# Catalogue of Books Suitable for a Popular Library/Household economics

641. HOUSEHOLD ECONOMICS.
A book designed especially to aid beginners.
Stowe, H. B. House and home papers.
A new edition of these valuable home helps, edited by Christopher Crowshield.
Taylor, M. H. Letters to young housekeepers.
This series of letters by the widow of Bayard Taylor has appeared in the Sunday issues of the New York Tribune.
White, S. J. Cookery in the public schools.
These lessons include not only the how but the why of a great many things. They inculcate the necessity of personal cleanliness, economy and attractive service.
# Catalogue of Books Suitable for a Popular Library/Legend and folk-lore

398. LEGEND AND FOLKLORE.
# Catalogue of Books Suitable for a Popular Library/Natural science

500. NATURAL SCIENCE.
# Catalogue of Books Suitable for a Popular Library/History

900. GENERAL HISTORY.
The Story of the Nations.
A series of historical studies intended to present in graphic narratives the stories of the different nations that have attained prominence in history.
In the story form the current of each national life is distinctly indicated, and its picturesque and noteworthy periods and episodes are presented for the reader in their philosophical relations to each other as well as to universal history.
The following is a list of the subjects thus far published:
Alexander's Empire. Prof. J. P. Mahaffy.
Ancient Egypt. Prof. George Rawlinson.
Assyria. Z. A. Ragozin.
Australasia. Greville Tregarthen.
Austria. Sidney Whitman.
Balkan States. Henry Miller.
Barbary Corsairs. Stanley Lane-Poole.
Bohemia. C. Edmund Maurice.
British Rule in India. R. W. Frazer.
Building of the British Empire. 2 vols. Alfred T. Story.
Byzantine Empire. C. W. C. Oman.
Canada. J. G. Bourinot.
Carthage. Prof. A. J. Church.
Chaldea. Z. A. Ragozin.
China. Robert K. Douglas.
Christian recovery of Spain. H. E. Watts.
Crusades, The. T. S. Archer and C. L. Kingsford.
Early Britain. Prof. A. J. Church.
Franks, The. Lewis Sergeant.
Germany. S. Baring-Gould.
Goths, The. Henry Bradley.
Greece. Prof. Jas. A. Harrison.
Hansa Towns. Helen Zimmern.
Holland. Prof. J. E.Thorold Rogers.
Hungary. Prof. Vámbéry.
Ireland. Hon. Emily Lawless.
Japan. David Murray.
Jews, The. Prof. James K. Hosmer.
Jews under Rome. W. Douglass Morrison.
Media, Babylon and Persia. Z. A. Ragozin.
Mediæval France. Prof. Gustave Masson.
Mexico. Susan Hale.
Modern France. Andre Lebon.
Modern Italy. Pietro Orsi.
Modern Spain. M. A. S. Hume.
Moors in Spain. Stanley Lane-Poole.
Normans, The. Sarah Orne Jewett.
Norway. Hjalmar H. Boyesen.
Parthia. George Rawlinson.
People of England in the 19th century; 2 vols. Justin McCarthy.
Persia, S. G. W. Benjamin.
Phoenicia. Prof. Geo. Rawlinson.
Poland. W.R. Morfill.
Portugal. H. Morse Stephens.
Rome. Arthur Gilman.
Russia. W. R. Morfill.
Saracens, The. Arthur Gilnian.
Scotland. John Mackintosh.
Sicily. E. A. Freeman.
Southern Africa. George M. Theal.
Spain. E. E. and Susan Hale.
Switzerland. Mrs. Arnold Hug and R. Stead.
Turkey. Stanley Lane-Poole.
Tuscan republics. Isabella Duffy.
Vedic India. Z. A. Ragozin.
Venice. Alethea Wiel.
West Indies. Amos K. Fiske.
930. ANCIENT HISTORY.
942. ENGLAND.
944. FRANCE.
946. SPAIN.
949.2. HOLLAND.
951.952. CHINA AND JAPAN.
968.2. THE TRANSVAAL.
970. AMERICAN HISTORY.
973. UNITED STATES HISTORY.
973.3. REVOLUTION.
973.7. CIVIL WAR.
973.8. SPANISH AMERICAN WAR.
991.4. THE PHILIPPINES.
996.9. HAWAII.
# Catalogue of Books Suitable for a Popular Library/Religion

200. RELIGION.
# CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Liechtenstein

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# CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Latvia

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# CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Lesotho

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# CIA World Fact Book, 2004/Liberia

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# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Ārudra

​Ārudra (lady-bird).—An exogamous sept of Kālingi.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Āsan

​Āsan (teacher).—The title of Variyans, who have held the hereditary position of tutors in noblemen's families. Also a title of Pishārati and Kanisan.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Āsupāni

​Āsupāni.—An occupational name for Mārāns who play on the temple musical instruments āsu and pāni.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Āri

​Āri.—The Āris or Dūtans are described, in the Travancore Census Report, 1901, as a "small but ​interesting community confined to a village in the Tovala tāluk. By traditional occupation they are the Ambalavāsis of the Saivaite temple of Darsanamkōppa. They are strict vegetarians, wear the Brāhminical thread, perform all the Brāhminical ceremonies under the guidance of Brāhman priests, and claim a position equal to that of the Āryappattars. But they are not allowed to dine with the Brāhmans, or to enter the mandapa in front of the garbhagriha, the inner sanctuary of a Hindu shrine. Their dress and ornaments are like those of the Tamil Brahmans, and their language is Tamil. Their period of pollution,however, is as long as fifteen days."
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Ārya

​Ārya.—Ārya or Āriya (noble) occurs as a class of Pattar Brahmans, a division of Sāmagāras, and an exogamous sept of Kurubas. Some Pattanavans call themselves Āriya Nāttu Chetti (Chettis of the country of chiefs) Āriyar, or Ayyāyirath Thalaivar (the five thousand chiefs).
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Ārē

​Ārē.—A synonym for Marāthi. The name occurs as a sub-division of Kunchigar and kudubi. In South Canara Ārya Kshatri occurs as the equivalent of Ārē, and, in the Telugu country, Ārē Kāpu refers to Marathi cultivators. Ārya Kūttādi is a Tamil synonym of Marāthi Dommaras. Concerning the Ārēs, Mr. H. G. Stuart writes as follows.* " Of the total number of 6,809 Ārēs, 4,373 are found in South Canara, Bellary and Anantapur, and these are true Ārē"s. Of the rest I am not able to speak with certainty, as the term Ārya, which is a synonym of Ārē, is also used as an equivalent of Marāthi, and sometimes in a still wider sense. The true Ārēs are husbandmen of Marātha origin. They wear the sacred thread, have Brāhmans as their priests,and give allegiance to the head of the Sringeri Mutt. Marriage of girls takes place either before or after puberty, and the remarriage of widows is not allowed. A husband may divorce his wife for adultery, but a wife ​cannot divorce her husband. When the guilt of a woman is proved, and the sanction of the Guru obtained, the husband performs the act of divorce by cutting a pumpkin in two at a place where three ways meet.The use of animal food is allowed, but intoxicating liquors are forbidden." The Ārēs of South Canara, Mr. Stuart writes further, * "usually speak Marāthi or Konkani, but in the Kāsaragōd taluk, and possibly in other parts too, they speak Canarese. Their exogamous septs are called manathanas. They use the dhare form of marriage (see Bant), but the pot contains a mixture of water, milk, ghee (clarified butter), honey and curds instead of the usual plain water."
The Marāathi-speaking Arēyavaru or Aryavaru of the South Canara district follow the makkala santāna law of inheritance (from father to son). For ceremonial purposes, they engage Shivalli Brāhmans. An interesting feature of the marriage rites is that the bridegroom makes a pretence of going to a battle-field to fight, presumably to show that he is of Kshatriya descent. The ceremony is called dandāl jātai. The bridegroom ties a bead on the neck of the bride if of the Powar sept, and a disc if of the Edar sept. The Ārēyavaru eat fowls and fish. The former are killed after certain mantrams (prayers) have been uttered, and, if a priest is available, it is his duty to despatch the bird. The caste deity is Ammanōru (Durga), in the worship of whom the Ārēyavaru, like other Marātha castes, employ Gondala mendicants.
* ↑ * Madras Census Report, 1891.
* ↑ * Manual of the South Canara district.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Āri (ebony)

​Āri (ebony).—An exogamous sept of Kuruba.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Āriyar

​Āriyar.—Ariyar or Āriyanāttu Chetti is given as a caste title by Pattanavans.
# Castes and Tribes of Southern India/Ārathi

​Ārathi.—The name, indicating a wave offering to avert the evil eye, of an exogamous sept of Kuruba.