OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lewis, Leopold David

​LEWIS, LEOPOLD DAVID (1828–1890), dramatist, eldest son of David Lewis of Middlesex, physician, was born in London in 1828, was educated at King's College School, was admitted a solicitor in 1850, and practised at 4 Skinner's Place, Sise Lane, London, till 1875. A drama called ‘The Bells,’ which he had adapted from ‘Le Juif Polonais,’ by MM. Erckmann-Chatrian, was produced at the Lyceum Theatre 25 Nov. 1871, and was rendered notable by Mr. Henry Irving's striking impersonation of the leading character, Mathias, the conscience-stricken burgomaster. This was published as No. 97 of Lacy's series of acting editions. Lewis's other dramas were the ‘Wandering Jew,’ Adelphi Theatre, 14 April 1873; ‘Give a Dog a Bad Name,’ Adelphi, 18 Nov. 1876; and the ‘Foundlings,’ Sadler's Wells, 8 Oct. 1881. From February to December 1868 Lewis and Mr. Alfred Thompson conducted a monthly periodical entitled ‘The Mask, a Humorous and Fantastic Review.’ Lewis and Mr. Thompson wrote all the articles, and the latter supplied all the illustrations. Despite its cleverness, the work met with little favour from the public. Lewis also wrote a series of tales in three volumes entitled ‘A Peal of Merry Bells,’ published in 1880. He died in the Royal Free Hospital, Gray's Inn Road, London, on 23 Feb. 1890, and was buried at Kensal Green.
[Times, 25 Feb. 1890, p. 5 and 27 Feb., p. 9; Era, 1 March 1890, p. 10; Mask, 1868, p. iii., with portrait; St. Stephen's Review, 1 March 1890, p. 8, and 8 March, p. 18, with portrait.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lewis, John Delaware

​LEWIS, JOHN DELAWARE (1828–1884), miscellaneous writer, born in St. Petersburg in 1828, was only surviving son of John Delaware Lewis, a Russia merchant, by Emma, daughter of James Hamilton Clewlow, R.N. He was educated at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, graduated B.A. in 1850, and proceeded M.A. in 1853. While at Cambridge he published, under the pseudonym ‘John Smith of Smith Hall, gent.,’ a volume, ‘Sketches of Cantabs’ (London, 1849, 18mo), which had considerable success, and reached a third edition in 1858. Lewis was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in Michaelmas 1858, and went the south-eastern circuit. From 1868 to 1874 he represented Devonport as a liberal in the House of Commons, unsuccessfully contesting the same constituency in February 1874 and in 1880, and Oxford in March 1874. He was a J.P. for Devon and Hampshire, and a lieutenant in the Pembrokeshire artillery militia. He spent much time at Arcachon. He died at Westbury House, Petersfield, Hampshire, on 1 Aug. 1884.
Lewis married, on 6 Jan. 1868, Teresa, eldest daughter of Sir Jervoise Clarke-Jervoise, but left no issue. Lewis was a versatile scholar, who wrote as well in French as in English. Besides contributions to periodical literature, he published, among other works:
* ‘Across the Atlantic,’ London, 1850, 8vo.
* ‘Our College,’ London, 1857, 8vo.
* ‘Science and Revelation,’ 1871.
* ‘Hints for the Evidences of Spiritualism, by M.P.’ 1872, 1875.
* ‘Juvenalis Satiræ, with a literal English Prose Version and Notes,’ London, 1873, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1882, 2 vols. 8vo.
* A translation of Pliny's ‘Letters,’ London, 1879, 8vo.
* ‘Esprit des Grecs et des Romains,’ 1881.
* ‘De la Procédure criminelle en France et en Angleterre,’ 1882.
* ‘Causes Célèbres,’ Paris, 1883.
At the time of his death he was engaged upon an edition of Seneca's works and an English-French dictionary.
[Information kindly supplied by H. Le Roy Lewis, esq.; Times, 2 Aug. 1884; Academy, 9 Aug. 1884.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lewis, Joyce

​LEWIS, JOYCE or JOCASTA (d. 1557), martyr, was only daughter of Thomas Curzon of Croxall, Staffordshire, by Anne, daughter of Sir John Aston of Tixall in the same county. She married, first, Sir George Appleby, in Leicestershire, and, after his death at the battle of Pinkie in 1547, Thomas Lewis, who had acquired part of the manor of Mancetter, Warwickshire, during the reign of Edward VI. For a time she was a strict catholic, but having been attracted towards protestantism by the death of the martyr Lawrence Saunders in 1555, the impression was confirmed by the teaching of a neighbour, John Glover, brother of Robert Glover (d. 1555) [q. v.] Her irreverent behaviour in church was made the subject of complaint to the Bishop of Lichfield, and he sent a citation which, however, Lewis is said to have forced the official to eat. The bishop bound the husband in 100l. to bring his wife up for trial in a month, which he did in spite of intercession from friends. Mrs. Lewis was detained in prison for a year, and burnt at Lichfield 18 Dec. 1557: she was accompanied to the stake by Augustine Bernher [q. v.] She left two sons by her first husband. A tablet to the memory of Joyce Lewis and Robert Glover was erected in Mancetter Church in 1833.
[Foxe's Actes and Monuments, viii. 401–5, 429, 777; Harl. MS. 421, f. 78; Colvile's Worthies of Warwickshire; Riching's Mancetter Martyrs, edit. 1860; Dugdale's Warwickshire, p. 572.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lewis, Hubert

​LEWIS, HUBERT (1825–1884), jurist, born on 23 March 1825, was the second son of Walter Clapham Lewis of Upper Norland House, Kensington, Middlesex. He was educated privately until, in December 1844, he entered Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he obtained a scholarship, and graduated B.A. in 1848. He entered at the Middle Temple in May 1851, and after obtaining two certificates of honour was called to the bar in 1854. He practised conveyancing and equity, first at Bradford in Yorkshire (where he went the northern circuit and attended the West Riding sessions), and subsequently in London. He died unmarried on 6 March 1884 at Margate, and was buried in the cemetery there.
Lewis was the author of the following legal works: 1. ‘Principles of Conveyancing,’ London, 1863, 8vo. 2. ‘Principles of Equity Drafting,’ London, 1865, 8vo. 3. The sixth edition of Goldsmith's ‘Equity,’ London, 8vo, was almost entirely rewritten by him in 1870. 4. ‘The Ancient Laws of Wales,’ London, 1889, 8vo, published posthumously, under the editorship of Prof. J. E. Lloyd of Aberystwith; this work, which practically occupied the whole leisure of Lewis's lifetime, was prepared with the view of proving that the English constitution and the law of real property were largely based upon or borrowed from early British institutions, which he reconstructed out of material found in the Welsh code of Howel the Good and in ‘The Record of Carnarvon,’ or out of the evidence of place-names, and some very inaccurate etymological reasoning based thereon. Lewis also left behind him in manuscript some works on ‘Local Nomenclature’ and kindred subjects, but these have not been published.
[Private communication from the family; preface to the Ancient Laws of Wales.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lewis, Maria Theresa

​LEWIS, Lady MARIA THERESA, (1803–1865), biographer, was only daughter of George Villiers, third son of Thomas Villiers, first earl of Clarendon, by his wife, Theresa Parker, daughter of the first Lord Boringdon. George Frederick William Villiers, fourth earl of Clarendon [q. v.], the well-known statesman, was her brother, and she was granted the precedence of an earl's daughter February 1839. She was born on 8 March 1803, and married for the first time, on 6 Nov. 1830, Thomas Henry Lister [q. v.], who died in 1842. On 26 Oct. 1844 she married her second husband, Sir George Cornewall Lewis, bart. [q. v.] Lady Theresa had a taste for literature. She was descended in the female line from Edward Hyde, the great earl of Clarendon, whose life was written by her first husband, and in 1852 she published in three volumes ‘The Lives of the Friends and Contemporaries of Lord Chancellor Clarendon;’ the book gives biographies of most of the people whose portraits were to be found in the Clarendon gallery at The Grove, Watford, which had descended successively to her father and brother; the lives of Lord Falkland, Lord Capel, and the Marquis of Hertford occupy the greater part of the volumes. Miss Mary Berry [q. v.] was so well impressed with the undertaking that she bequeathed her papers to Sir Thomas Frankland Lewis, Lady Theresa's father-in-law, with the proviso that in the event of his death they were to go to Lady Theresa. Accordingly, in 1865 was published in three volumes ‘Extracts of the Journals and Correspondence of Miss Berry from the year 1783 to 1852,’ edited by Lady Theresa Lewis. The work is judiciously done. Lady Lewis also edited a novel by the Hon. Emily Eden, and dramatised two fairy tales for juvenile performers. She survived her husband two years, and died 9 Nov. 1865, at the principal's lodgings, Brasenose College, Oxford.
[Annual Register, 1865, pp. 325, 327; Gent. Mag. 1865 pt. ii. p. 802.]
E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lewis, George Robert

​LEWIS, GEORGE ROBERT (1782–1871), painter of landscapes and portraits, younger brother of Frederick Christian Lewis [q. v.] and of Charles Lewis [q. v.], the bookbinder, was born in London on 27 March 1782. He studied under Fuseli in the schools of the Royal Academy, and sent landscapes to the exhibitions of 1805–7; he at that time resided with his brother Frederick at Enfield, and was employed with him upon Chamberlaine's ‘Original Designs of the most celebrated Masters’ and Ottley's ‘Italian School of Design,’ for both of which works he executed some good aquatint plates. In 1818 Lewis accompanied Dr. Dibdin, in the capacity of draughtsman, on his continental journey, and his illustrations to the ‘Bibliographical and Picturesque Tour through France and Germany,’ published in 1821, form the most valuable part of that work. From other sketches which he made at the same time he etched a series of clever ‘Groups illustrating the Physiognomy, Manners, and Character of the People of France and Germany,’ which was issued in parts, and completed in 1823. Lewis had previously executed some of the plates for Dibdin's ‘Bibliographical Decameron,’ 1817, in which he and his brothers Frederick and Charles are highly eulogised. He was a very versatile artist and an enthusiastic student both of nature and antiquities. From 1820 to 1859 he exhibited portraits, landscapes, and figure subjects at the Royal Academy, the British Institution, the Suffolk Street Gallery, and the Oil and Water-colour Society, and he published, among other works, ‘Views of the Muscles of the Human Body,’ 1820; ‘Banks of the Loire illustrated—Tours;’ ‘Illustrations of Phrenology,’ 1841; ‘Illustrations of Kilpeck Church, Herefordshire, with an Essay on Ecclesiastical Design and a Descriptive Interpretation,’ 1842; ‘The Ancient Font of Little Walsingham Church,’ 1843; and ‘The Ancient Church of Shobdon, Herefordshire, illustrated and described,’ 1852; reissued in 1856. Several of Lewis's portraits have been engraved, and he aquatinted a large plate of the procession of the knights of the order of the Bath in Westminster Abbey, after F. Nash. In 1838 Lewis printed at Hereford ‘An Address on the subject of Education as connected with Design in every department of British Manufacture, together with Hints on the Education of the Poor generally.’ He died at Hampstead on 15 May 1871.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880; Dibdin's Bibliographical Decameron, 1817, ii. 520; Roget's Hist. of the Old Water-colour Soc.; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Linley, George

​LINLEY, GEORGE (1798–1865), verse-writer and musical composer, the son of a tradesman, was born at Leeds in 1798, and partly educated at Eastbury's quaker school. Linley contributed verses to the local newspapers, and published some pamphlets before leaving Leeds in early life. After a residence in Doncaster (see Modern Hudibras, p. 66) and Edinburgh, he finally settled in London, where he made some reputation as the writer and composer of songs and ballads. Among his most fashionable and popular ballads, composed between 1830 and 1847, were, ‘Thou art gone from my gaze,’ ‘Song of the roving gipsey,’ ‘Constance;’ and later, between 1852 and 1862, with a stronger vein of melody, ‘Minnie,’ ‘Old friends at home,’ and Burns's ‘Jolly Beggars.’ Linley's flowing style of composition was little suited to the stage, and his musical pieces produced at London theatres had small measure of success. He was also the author of some farces, and of satirical poems. His ‘Musical Cynics of London, a Satire; Sketch the First,’ London, 1862, a savage onslaught upon Chorley the critic, proved more fatal to the reputation of the author than to that of the victim. It contained smart and clever passages, and, like the ‘Modern Hudibras,’ 1864, was widely read, and passed through two editions. ‘The Showman,’ a work upon which Linley was engaged towards the end of his life, was not published. He died, after a lingering illness, at Kensington, London, on 10 Sept. 1865. He left a widow, a daughter, and three sons.
Linley wrote and composed several hundred songs between 1830 and 1865. The musical play, ‘Francesca Doria,’ for which he wrote the songs and the music, was produced at the Princess's Theatre, London, on 3 March 1849, and published in the same year. ‘The Toymakers,’ operetta by Linley, was brought out at Covent Garden Theatre by the English Opera Company on 19 Nov. 1861. ‘Law versus Love,’ comedietta in one act, by him, was performed at the Princess's Theatre on 6 Dec. 1862.
George Linley, junior (d. 1869), son of the above, published: 1. ‘The Goldseeker,’ and other poems, London, 1860. 2. ‘Old Saws newly set,’ London, 1864. He died 28 April 1869.
[Leeds Mercury, 29 Sept. 1865; Gent. Mag. 1865, pt. ii. p. 655; Linley's Works.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lindsell, Augustine

1904 Errata appended.
​LINDSELL, AUGUSTINE, (d. 1634), bishop of Hereford, was born at Bumstead-Steeple, Essex. On 4 April 1592 he was admitted pensioner of Emmanuel College, Cambridge (Addit. MS. 5875, f. 5), but was subsequently scholar and fellow of Clare Hall. He graduated B.A. in 1595-6, M.A. in 1599, and D.D in 1621 (University Register). In March 1610 he became rector of Wickford, Essex, and prebendary of Lincoln in November 1612 (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, ii. 145). On 9 July 1614 he was incorporated M.A. at Oxford (Wood, Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss. i. 300). Neile, bishop of Durham, patronised him. appointed him his chaplain, and collated him to the tenth stall in Durham Cathedral on 5 March 1618-19 (Le Neve, iii. 318), which he resigned for the second stall in August 1620 (ib. iii. 310). He was an unsuccessful candidate for the regius professorship of Greek vacant by the resignation of Andrew Downes [q. v.] in 1627. He was installed dean of Lichfield 15 Oct. 1628 (ib. i. 310). On 10 Feb. 1632-3 he was consecrated bishop of Peterborough (ib. ii. 534-5), and in March 1633-4 was translated to Hereford (ib. i. 471). He died unmarried on 6 Nov. 1634, and was buried in Hereford Cathedral. To Clare Hall Library he bequeathed all his Greek manuscripts and some Greek books; to Sir Robert Cotton he gave a manuscript history of Ely Cathedral in Latin (will registered in P.C.C. III, Seagar).
His admirable edition of Theophylact's 'Commentaries on St. Paul's Epistles' was published by Dr. T. Baily, his coadjutor in the work (fol. London, 1636). It is dedicated to Archbishop Laud, of whose policy Lindsell had been a firm supporter.
G. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.182 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 317 | ii | 9-10 | Lindsell, Augustine: for Bumstead-Steeple read Steeple-Butnpstead |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lingard, Richard

​LINGARD or LYNGARD, RICHARD (1598?–1670), dean of Lismore, probably an Englishman, was educated at Cambridge. Proceeding to Ireland, he was ordained deacon on 22 Oct. 1621, priest on 22 Oct. 1622, and became vicar of Killaire in the county of Meath, a benefice which no longer exists. On 28 Sept. 1633 he was collated to the vicarage of St. Mary's, Athlone, with that of Kilclough and the curacy of Ballyloughloe, all in the diocese of Meath and the county of Westmeath. In March 1639 he was appointed archdeacon of Clonmacnoise. Charles I granted him the rectorial tithes of his benefice of Athlone as an augmentation, and added to them the tithes of Ratoath, near Dublin.
Lingard remained legally rector of Athlone until 1660, though his place was supplied by puritan preachers during the Commonwealth, and he himself was obliged to fly from his parish. At the Restoration he was appointed by royal mandate (dated 29 Dec. 1660) to a senior fellowship in the university of Dublin, and was made professor of divinity about the same time. On 31 May 1661, in conjunction with the vice-chancellor (Jeremy Taylor) and the provost (Thomas Seele), he was authorised by the university to arrange for the transfer of Archbishop Ussher's library from the castle to Trinity College, and to catalogue it. In 1662 he held the post of vice-provost of the university. He became D.D. of Dublin (ad eund. Cantabr.) in 1664, and dean of Lismore on 2 March 1666, in which year (6 April) he resigned his fellowship. On 15 July 1669 the university of Oxford directed that he should be admitted to the degree of D.D., ‘but whether he was so it appears not,’ says Wood. He died on or about 10 Nov. 1670, and was buried in the chapel of Trinity College, Dublin. A monument erected to his memory in the vestibule of the chapel has disappeared. In 1671 ‘An Elegy and Funeral Oration,’ spoken in memory of him in the college hall, in which ‘may be seen a just character of his great learning and worth,’ was published at Dublin.
He published: 1. ‘A Sermon preached ​before the King at Whitehall in Defence of the Liturgy,’ London, 1668. 2. ‘Letter of Advice to a Young Gentleman [Lord Lanesborough] leaving the University,’ London, 1670, 1671, 1673, Dublin, 1713.
Lingard's will, preserved in the Record Office, Dublin (see Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. ii. 104–5), and proved in York, bears date 10 Nov. 1670. In it he referred to some literary notes, and gave instructions, which do not seem to have been carried out, for the printing of a few sermons.
[Ware's Writers (transl. Harris), p. 348; Taylor's Univ. of Dublin, pp. 40–1, 275, 409; Todd's Graduates of Dublin, p. 347; Dublin Univ. Cal. for 1872, pp. 381–2; Cotton's Fasti Ecclesiæ Hibernicæ, i. 46 (new edit. p. 169), iii. 147, v. 25; Wood's Fasti (Bliss), ii. cols. 317–18; Stokes's Parish of Athlone in the Meath Diocesan Mag. March-June 1887, passim; Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. ii. 104–5, 175; Brit. Mus. Cat. of Books; information from the Rev. W. Reynell, B.D.]
B. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lingard, Frederick

​LINGARD, FREDERICK (1811–1847), musician, fifth and youngest son of Thomas Lingard, agent to the Mersey and Irwell, or ‘Old Quay,’ Company, was born in Manchester in 1811. He was intended for the bar, but preferred to enter the musical profession, and studied church music with Harris, a Manchester organist. Lingard was for two years organist and choirmaster at St. George's Church, Hulme, Lancashire, when his brother, Joshua Lingard, was the incumbent. About 1835 Lingard became lay-vicar of Durham Cathedral. He was also a teacher of music and composer. He died at Durham on 4 July 1847, aged 36, and was buried in St. Giles's churchyard, Durham. Lingard published ‘Antiphonal Chants for the Psalter,’ 1843; a ‘Series of Anthems,’ a compilation from various sources; many anthems and chants issued singly and frequently used at Durham Cathedral, and many separately published songs and duets.
[Gent. Mag. 1847, ii. 215; Manchester School Register, iii. 195.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Linley, Francis

​LINLEY, FRANCIS (1774–1800), organist and composer, was born at Doncaster (Grove) in 1774. Though blind from his birth he received a good education, and studied music under Dr. Miller of Doncaster. About 1790 Linley held the post of organist at St. James's Chapel, Pentonville, London. In 1796 he bought the business of Bland, music-seller in Holborn, but his affairs, commercial and domestic—he had married a blind lady—did not prosper. He went to America and remained there several years, returning to England in 1799, and died, aged 26, at his mother's house at Doncaster on 15 Sept. 1800.
Linley's compositions and compilations include: 1. ‘Three Sonatas for Pianoforte and Flute,’ Op. 1 (Fétis). 2. ‘Thirty Familiar Airs for two German Flutes,’ with prefatory remarks, about 1790. 3. ‘Three Solos for the German Flute, with Accompaniment for Violoncello.’ 4. ‘Through Groves and Flowery Fields,’ ‘When Angry Nations,’ and other songs. 5. ‘Practical Introduction to the Organ,’ in five parts, Opus 6, of which the 12th edition appeared about 1810; it contains a description of the organ, fifteen preludes, eight voluntaries, eight full pieces, eight fugues, and psalms.
[Dict. of Musicians, 1827, ii. 71; Grove's Dict. ii. 143, iv. 701; Fétis's Biographie, v. 312; Gent. Mag. 1800, ii. 1006; Caulfield's Portraits, i. 25; Georgian Era, iv. 548.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lines, Samuel

​LINES, SAMUEL (1778–1863), painter, designer, and art instructor, was born in 1778 at Allesley, near Coventry, where his mother was mistress of a boarding-school. On his mother's death in his boyhood he was placed in the charge of an uncle, a farmer, who employed him in agricultural work. Lines, however, managed to teach himself the rudiments of drawing and painting, and in 1794 he was apprenticed to Mr. Keeling, a clock-dial enameller and decorator of Birmingham, for whom he worked as designer. He was employed in a similar capacity by Mr. Clay, the papier-mâché maker, and also by the die engravers Wyon and Halliday. Among other objects he was frequently employed to design presentation shovels and swords of state, manufactured by Mr. Gunby of Birmingham, a great amateur of art, with a fine private collection, and Gunby's gallery was freely open to Lines, as well as to his contemporary David Cox the elder. In 1807 Lines commenced teaching drawing in Birmingham, using casts to draw from; he set up a school in Newhall Street, met with success, and was able to build himself a house in Temple Row, where he resided for the remainder of his life. In 1809 Lines, with Moses Haughton the elder [q. v.], Charles Barber [q. v.], John Vincent Barber [see under Barber, Joseph], and other artists established a life academy in Peck Lane, New Street, which was in 1814 removed to larger premises in Union Passage. It was in this room that the first exhibition of the works of Birming​Birmingham artists was held in 1814. Lines took a large share in the foundation of the Birmingham School of Art in 1821, and on the subsequent foundation of the Birmingham Society of Artists he was elected treasurer and curator, holding those offices till he reached the age of eighty, when he resigned, and was elected an honorary member. Nearly all the artists of the neighbourhood and many from other parts of the country received instruction in drawing at Lines's academy. A good landscape-painter himself, he possessed a great faculty of teaching others, and many of his pupils attained to much excellence. He died at his house in Temple Row on 22 Nov. 1863. A portrait of him by W. T. Roden, and a drawing of ‘Llyn Idwal,’ the property of the Midland Institute, are in the Museum and Art Gallery at Birmingham. He very rarely exhibited out of Birmingham.
Lines, Samuel Restell (1804–1833), painter, third son of the above, was born at Birmingham on 15 Jan. 1804, and was taught drawing and painting by his father. He showed some skill in sketching trees, and was employed to make lithographed drawings for drawing-books. He was an occasional exhibitor at the Royal Academy, and showed much promise. He died at his father's house in Birmingham on 9 Nov. 1833, aged 29.
[Birmingham Daily Post, 22 Nov. 1863; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Cat. of the City of Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery.]
L. C.