OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 17:4

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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 17:15

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# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Vol 17:5

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# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Josephites

​JOSEPHITES. A portion of the Nephite race, presumably the descendants of Joseph, the younger son of Lehi. This name is only used four times in the Book of Mormon.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Joshua

​JOSHUA. A city mentioned only in the account of the great closing war between the Nephites and Lamanites. It was situated near the Pacific Ocean, either in the extreme northern portion of South America or in Central America. Here Mormon endeavored to gather his forces in one vast host to stay the advance of the victorious Lamanites; and we are of the opinion that it was in the vicinity of this city that the great battle between Mormon and king Aaron was fought in A. C. 330, when the former turned the tide of victory against the Lamanites. (Mormon, 2:9.) The city of David appears to have been situated near Joshua, to the south.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Judah

​JUDAH. This name is found principally in the Book of Mormon in quotations from the prophet Isaiah; and in the statement of the fact that Lehi left Jerusalem in the reign of Zedekiah, king of Judah. In two places it refers to the Jews, as the descendants of the patriarch Judah.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Joseph (II)

​JOSEPH. The son of the patriarch Jacob, and the ancestor of the Nephites and Lamanites. Lehi was descended from his son Manasseh, and Ishmael from Ephraim. He is referred to with great affection by a number of the Nephite worthies. Lehi quotes (II Nephi, 3,) some very important prophecies of Joseph, which do not appear in the Bible. The Nephites are frequently called, by their teachers, the seed or house of Joseph.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Joseph

​JOSEPH. The younger son of Lehi and Sariah, born to them during the difficulties and sorrows of their journey across the Arabian Peninsula (about 595 B. C), We are told very little of his life or character, but he appears to have been an upright man and a faithful servant of the Lord. At the time of his father's death he was still small, but was blessed by that patriarch with the rest of the family, shortly before Lehi's departure from this earth. Joseph with his elder brother Jacob, was ordained by Nephi, a priest, to minister to the Nephites, after the separation of that people from the adherents of Laman, Of his private history or death we are told nothing. Jacob, speaking of himself and Joseph, says: We did magnify our office [of priests] unto the Lord, taking upon us the responsibility, answering the sins of the people upon our own heads, if we did not teach them the word of God with all diligence.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Josh

​JOSH. A Nephite general, who commanded a corps of ten thousand men in the last great struggle between the Nephites and the Lamanites. ​He, with all his command, was slain in the final series of battles in the land Cumorah. (A. C. 485), when the Nephite nation was destroyed.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Jordon, City of

​JORDON, CITY OF. A city mentioned only in connection with the final war between the Nephites and Lamanites; of its situation we can tell nothing, except that it was in the northern continent. Here the Nephites, under Mormon, made a brave stand (A. C. 379), and twice defeated the attacking hosts of the Lamanites. In the third attack, however, the Nephites, by reason of the overwhelming number of their assailants, after desperate resistance were driven from the city with great loss (A. C. 380). Jordon appears to have been a key to the surrounding country, ​and was consequently stubbornly held by Mormon. The war at this time was carried on with ruthless cruelty on both sides, and the conquering army ravaged and utterly desolated the country through which it passed.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Josh (II)

​JOSH. One of the iniquitous cities destroyed by fire from heaven at the time of the crucifixion of Christ, because of the wickedness of its people in casting out the prophets and stoning those whom the Lord had sent to declare to them their sins and abominations. The Savior announced the terrible fact that there was not one righteous person to be found in it, therefore He had destroyed it, that the blood of the martyrs might not cry from the ground to Him any more against those who had slain them. (III Nephi, 9:10, 11.) Josh is only mentioned in the Book of Mormon in connection with its destruction.
# A Dictionary of the Book of Mormon/Jothan

​JOTHAN. The tenth king of Judah. He was a contemporary of Isaiah, and his name is mentioned in the Book of Mormon only in a quotation from the writings of that prophet. (II Nephi, 17:1.)
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Negri, Maria

From volume 2 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Neige, La

From volume 2 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Neruda

From volume 2 of the work.
​NERUDA. A distinguished family of violinists. According toDlabacz, the founder was Jakob, who belonged to Rossicz, near Prague, and died Feb. 19, 1732. He left two sons; first, Johann Chrysostom, born at Rossicz December 1, 1705, learnt music at Prague, became famous on the violin, and took orders at the Præmonstratensian convent there, a few months after his father's death; became choir-master of the convent, and died December 2, 1763. The next brother, Johann Baptist Georg, was first at Prague, and then, for thirty years, at the Elector's Chapel at Dresden, where he died in 1780, aged 73, leaving a mass of compositions behind him, and two sons, Ludwig and Anton, both chamber musicians to the Elector of Dresden.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Needler, Henry

From volume 2 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Neefe, Christian

From volume 2 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Neithardt, August

From volume 2 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Neate, Charles

From volume 2 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Nel cor più non mi sento

From volume 2 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Nessler, Victor

[ M. ]
# A Christmas Garland/Holly

A parody of Alice Meynell
There is a form of exclusion that is peculiar to one feast. Through the year you may garnish your house with the variable excess of its garden. "Fragrance is the wisdom of a room," it has been well said by a living poet. Not less does the room draw temperament from the colour of its flowers. And she is a foolish housewife who denies it the double attribute. Her task is of selection. Frost, rain, the diffusion or occultation of the sun's rays, the improvisable chances of climate, are the only arbiters of her material. The incident of Christmas is the check on her discrimination. In piety, she must reject from her house all plants, save some that are appropriate in usage. But not for long may the house keep its devotional look. Twice six days is the right span. Thereafter, the walls must be stripped. A strange bareness commemorates, not unduly, the term of the feast. The vases take back their complement of ordinary flowers, that seem, after the warmer symbols, to chill us with their unmeaning. It is not yet that we are recaptivated by their mere prettiness.
The inveterate power of holly is that we miss it. We feel when it is not there that the flat landscapes or uncomely forbears on the wall were dignified by its circumference. Nor had the orb of enspiced suet been tolerable but for its erect sprig. For the leaves had, in the dark radiance of their curves, their message of psychic joy, different for each one. Youths and maidens, it may well be, approve the pale plant that overhangs the bestowal of cursory salutes. But the child, yet unheedful of mature modes, cares rather for holly. To small fingers the keen points of the leaves yield their content of adventure. Never so clearly as at this season may we gauge the charm that peril has for immature minds. See the child as he snatches the dried grape from its enthralling flame! Poor is the reward of the palate. Nor does the hand, in its prehensibility, escape a sad charring. Yet does he persist. Under the same impulse, he inclines to holly, for the sake of the pain it holds in its symbolic spears. Holly has, too, in a greater or less degree, his dearest colour. He values the plant for its crude accompaniment of berries. But the good housewife will not regret the sparse incidence of these things, in whose plenty superstition sees the exact omen of an unkind season. Al*ce M**n*ll
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Whethamstede, John

See also John Whethamstede on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WHETHAMSTEDE, JOHN (d. 1465), English abbot, was a son of Hugh Bostock, and was born at Wheathampstead in Hertfordshire, owing his name, the Latin form of which is Frumentarius, to this circumstance. In early life he entered St Albans Abbey and in 1420 he was chosen abbot of this house. In 1423 he attended a council at Pavia, but in England his time was mainly occupied with lawsuits, several of which he carried on to defend the property and enforce the rights of the abbey. In 1440 he resigned his post, but in 1451, on the death of his successor, John Stoke, he became abbot for the second time. He died on the 20th of January 1465, and his tomb may still be seen in the abbey church. Whethamstede was an energetic and successful abbot. He greatly improved the buildings at St Albans, which suffered somewhat during his later years owing to the wars of the roses; he also did some building at Gloucester ​College, Oxford, with which he was connected. He was a friend of Duke Humphrey of Gloucester, whom he helped to gather together his famous collection of books, and was himself a writer, his works including Granarium de viris illustribus; Palearium poetarum, and Super Valerium in Augustinum de Anchona.
Whethamstede’s Chronicle, or the Registrum abbatiae Johannis Whethamstede, is a register compiled soon after the abbot’s death, which tells the events of his second abbacy. It has been edited by H. T. Riley, and is in vol. i . of the Registra quorundam abbalum monasterii S. Albani (London, 1872). The events of his first abbacy are narrated in the Annales monasterii S. Albani of John Amundesham, also edited by H. T . Riley (London, 1870–1871).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wheeler, William Almon

See also William A. Wheeler on Wikipedia; the 9th edition; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WHEELER, WILLIAM ALMON (1819–1887), vice-president of the United States from 1877 to 1881, was born at Malone, New York, on the 30th of June 1819. He studied at the university of Vermont for two years (1833–1835), and in 1845 was admitted to the bar. First as a Whig, and then, after 1856, as a Republican, he was prominent for many years in state and national politics. He was a member of the state Assembly in 1849–1850, a member and president pro tempore of the state Senate in 1858–1859, and a member of the national House of Representatives in 1861–1863, and again from 1869 until 1877. He was the author of the so-called "Wheeler Compromise," by which the difficulties between contending political factions in Louisiana were adjusted in 1875. Nominated for vice-president by the Republicans in 1876 on the ticket with President Hayes, he was installed in office through the decision of the Electoral Commission, and at the end of his term he retired from public life. He died at Malone on the 4th of June 1887.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Whetstone, George

See also George Whetstone on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WHETSTONE, GEORGE (1544?–1587?), English dramatist and author, was the third son of Robert Whetstone (d. 1557). A member of a wealthy family that owned the manor of Walcot at Bernack, near Stamford, he appears to have inherited a small patrimony which he speedily dissipated, and he complains bitterly of the failure of a lawsuit to recover an inheritance of which he had been unjustly deprived. In 1572 he joined an English regiment on active service in the Low Countries, where he met George Gascoigne and Thomas Churchyard. Gascoigne was his guest near Stamford when he died in 1577, and Whetstone commemorated his friend in a long elegy. His first volume, the Rocke of Regarde (1576), consisted of talcs in prose and verse adapted from the Italian, and in 1578 he published The right excellent and famous Historye of Promos and Cassandra, a play in two parts, drawn from the eighty-fifth novel of Giraldi Cinthio’s Hecatomithi. To this he wrote an interesting preface addressed to William Fleetwood, recorder of London, with whom he claimed kinship, in which he criticizes the contemporary drama. In 1582 he published his Heptameron of Civill Discourses, a collection of tales which includes The Rare Historie of Promos and Cassandra. From this prose version apparently Shakespeare drew the plot of Measure for Measure, though he was doubtless familiar with the story in its earlier dramatic form. Whetstone accompanied Sir Humphrey Gilbert on his expedition in 1578–1579, and the next year found him in Italy. The Puritan spirit was now abroad in England, and Whetstone followed its dictates in his prose tract A Mirour for Magestrates (1584), which in a second edition was called A Touchstone for the Time. Whetstone did not abuse the stage as some Puritan writers did, but he objected to the performance of plays on Sundays. In 1585 he returned to the army in Holland, and he was present at the battle of Zutphen. His other works are a collection of military anecdotes entitled The Honourable Reputation of a Souldier (1585); a political tract, the English Myrror (1586), numerous elegies on distinguished persons, and The Censure of a Loyall Subject (1587). No information about Whetstone is available after the publication of this last book, and it is conjectured that he died shortly afterwards.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Whichcote, Benjamin

See also Benjamin Whichcote on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WHICHCOTE (or Whitchcote), BENJAMIN (1609–1683), English divine and philosopher, was born at Whichcote Hall, Stoke, Shropshire, and educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he became fellow in 1633. He was ordained in 1636, and appointed shortly afterwards to be Sunday afternoon ​lecturer at Trinity Church, Cambridge. In 1643 he received the rectory of North Cadbury, Somerset, and in the following year he was appointed provost of King's College, Cambridge, in place of Samuel Collins who was ejected. On resigning North Cadbury in 1649 he became rector of Milton, Cambridgeshire. In 1650 he was vice-chancellor of Cambridge University. Cromwell in 165s consulted him upon the question of extending tolerance to the Jews. His Puritan views lost him the provost ship of King's College at the Restoration of 1660, but on complying with the Act of Uniformity he was appointed to the living of St Anne's, Blackfriars, London. In 1668 he became vicar of St Lawrence Jewry, London. He is regarded as the founder of the important school of Cambridge Platonists. His works, chiefly theological treatises and sermons, were all published posthumously. He died in May 1683.
See John Tulloch, Rational Theology, ii. 59-84 (1874); and Masters in English Theology, edited by A. Barry (1877).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Wheeler, Joseph

See also Joseph Wheeler on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WHEELER, JOSEPH (1836–1906), American soldier, was born at Augusta, Georgia, in 1836, and entered the United States cavalry from West Point in 1859. Within two years the Civil War broke out, and Wheeler, as a Southerner, resigned to enter the Confederate service. In a short time he became colonel of the 19th Alabama Infantry, with which he took part in the desultory operations of 1861 in Kentucky and Tennessee. He commanded a brigade at the battle of Shiloh, but soon afterwards he returned to the cavalry arm in which he won a reputation second only to Stuart's. After the action of Perryville he was promoted brigadier-general, and in January 1863 major-general. Thenceforward throughout the campaigns of Chickamauga, Chattanooga and Atlanta he commanded the cavalry of the Confederate army in the West, and when Hood embarked upon the Tennessee expedition, he left Wheeler's cavalry to harass Sherman's army during the "March to the Sea." In the closing operations of the war, having now the rank of lieutenant-general, he commanded the cavalry of Joseph Johnston's weak army in North Carolina, and was included in its surrender. After this he became a lawyer and a cotton planter and in 1882–83 and 1885–1900 was a representative in Congress. At the outbreak of the Spanish-American War in 1898, President M'Kinley, in pursuance of the policy of welding the North and the South, commissioned two ex-Confederate generals—Wheeler and Fitzhugh Lee—as major generals of United States volunteers, and in this capacity Wheeler was placed in command of the cavalry division of Shafter's army in Cuba. He commanded in the actions of Guasimas and San Juan, was afterwards sent to the Philippines in command of a brigade, and in 1900 was commissioned a brigadier-general in the regular army. Shortly afterwards he retired. General Wheeler died on the 25th of January 1906.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Whickham

See also Whickham on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​WHICKHAM, an urban district in the Chester-le-Street parliamentary division of Durham, England, 4 m. S.W. of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, near the river Derwent. Pop. (1901) 12,852. There is a station (Swalwell) on a branch of the North-Eastern railway. The church of St Mary has Norman and Transitional portions, and in the neighbourhood is the mansion of Gibside, of the 17th century. The demesne borders the Derwent, and is of great beauty, part being laid out in formal gardens and straight avenues. It contains a lofty Doric column and a detached chapel and banqueting hall, and in the vicinity arc picturesque fragments of the monastic chapel of Friarside, and of the manor house of Hollinside. Whickham is one of the centres of a coal-mining district, the mines employing the majority of the industrial population; but there are also iron, steel, and chemical works.
# A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities/Abalienatio

ABALIENA´TIO [Mancipium.]
# A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities/Abdicatio

ABDICA´TIO [Magistratus.]