OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Simplified Grammar of the Danish Language/Part II/The Indefinite Article

PART II.
ON THE CHARACTER, POSITION, AND MORE PRECISE USE OF THE DIFFERENT PARTS OF SPEECH.
The Indefinite Article. (Ubestemte Kendeord.)
The earlier writings of the Old Northern afford no evidence of the use of an Indefinite Article, which was first represented by the pronouns einn, 'one;' einnhver, 'each one;' and nökkurr, 'some one.' From the first of these has been derived the present Dano-Norwegian article, en, et, 'a,' 'an,' which is in point of fact an unaccentuated modification of the existing pronoun en, 'one,' and the numeral en, et, 'one.'
The indefinite article precedes the noun, or the adjective qualifying the latter, as en Mand, en god Mand, excepting in cases where it is used with the adjectives slig, sådan, mangen; or when the adjective to which it refers is preceded by så, hvor, altfor, for, and the sentence has an interjectional sense, under which conditions it stands between the adjective and noun; as, slig en Mand, 'such a man!' mangt et Barn! 'many a child;' så vranten en Pige! "such a cross girl!" hvor dejligt et Træ! 'what a lovely tree!' for kort en Sang! 'too short a song!'
The indefinite article must be repeated after og, even where the nouns, which it enumerates, are of the same gender; as, en Mand og en Kone, 'a man and a woman.'
This article is not used to designate a rank, or calling, or a distinctive qualification; as, Er han Grev eller Baron? "Is he (a) Count or (a) Baron?" Han er Læge, "He is (a) doctor;" Hun er Enke, "She is (a) widow;" Han er Protestant, "He is (a) Protestant."
The indefinite article may be used with a plural to express an indefinite quantity in the sense of "about," "nearly;" as, jeg bliver her en tre, fire Uger, "I shall stay here about three or four weeks."
# A Simplified Grammar of the Danish Language/Part II/The Numerals

​In the following list of the numerals will be found the several forms of numeration, common among Danes and Norwegians respectively.
The Cardinal Numbers.
These are the same among both peoples up to 30; as,
    Danish and Norwegian. 1. en, et. 12. tolv. 2. to, (tvende). 13. tretten. 3. tre, (trende). 14. fjorten. 4. fire. 15. femten. 5. fem. 16. seksten. 6. seks. 17. sytten. 7. syv. 18. atten. 8. åtte, (otte). 19. nitten. 9. ni. 20. tyve. 10. ti. 21. en og tyve. 11. elleve. &c. ​ 30. tredive. tretti. 31. en og tredive, &c. en og  tretti. 40. fyrretyve. fyrti, or firti. 50. halvtredsindstyve. femti. 60. tredsindstyve. seksti. 70. halvfjærdsindstyve. sytti. 80. firsindstyve. otti. 90. halvfemsindstyve. nitti.
The higher numbers are the same among Danes and Norwegians; as,
    100. ... ... ... hundrede. 1,000. ... ... ... tusinde. 100,000. ... ... hundrede tusinde. 1,000,000. ... ... million.
The cumbrous and verbose manner in which the numbers between 20 and 100 are characterized by Danes is of comparatively late introduction into Dano-Norwegian, and may possibly owe its origin to an old habit still prevailing in certain rural districts in Denmark of computing by scores, instead of tens, or dozens. The word sind is an old, otherwise obsolete term, meaning 'fold,' or 'turn,' whence tredsindstyve, 'sixty,' resolves itself into three times (or turns) twenty. Until recently the Norwegians, excepting in some parts of the north and west fjelds of the country, followed this method of reckoning, but of late years they have more and more generally reverted to the older, and simpler decimal system followed by the Swedes and ​Icelanders, and in Old Northern, where fimtin, sekstin, &c., 'fifty,' 'sixty,' &c., indicated the number with all possible conciseness. Up to one hundred the lesser numbers precede the greater; as, en og fyrretyve, '41;' after one hundred they follow it, as hundrede og femten, '115.'
The ordinal numbers are formed by adding ende, nde, or de to the numeral, according to the final letter of the word; as, syv, 'seven,' syvende, 'seventh;' tyve, 'twenty;' tyvende, 'twentieth;' tretten, 'thirteen;' trettende, 'thirteenth.' The exceptions to this rule are förste, 'first;' anden, 'second;' tredje, 'third;' fjærde, 'fourth;' sjætte, 'sixth;' tolvte, 'twelfth;' tredivte, 'thirtieth.'
The only numbers affected by gender are den, det, ene, 'the one;' and den anden, det andet, 'the other (second).'
The date of the year is thus indicated: atten hundrede tre og firsindstyve (otti Norw.), '1883.' The day of the month is written as follows: den femte (5te) April, 'April 5th.' The time of day is thus expressed: Klokken er ti, 'it is ten o'clock;' while the parts of the hour are always reckoned, as in German, in relation to the following, and never to the preceding hour; as, det er halv to, 'it is half-past one;' tre Kvarter til ni, 'a quarter to nine.'
# A Simplified Grammar of the Danish Language/Part II/Adverbs

Adverbs. (Biord.)
There is a tendency among modern Danish and Norwegian writers, in conformity with the Swedish usage, to break up the compound adverbs into their integral parts, more especially when these consist of a preposition and a noun, and thus, for example, to write i Dag, instead of idag, 'to-day;' i År, instead of iår, 'this year;' til Stede, instead of tilstede, 'on the spot,' etc. Similarly, engang is written en Gang, 'once;' iligemåde, ilige Måde, idetmindste, i det mindste, 'at least,' etc.
Certain adverbs, when required to be used in the superlative, may be expressed by a neuter adjective with a preposition; as, på det bedste, 'best;' på det aller venligste, 'most friendly' (in the most friendly way).
Certain adverbs imply motion, or rest, by the absence or presence of a terminal e; as, Barnet går ikke ud, 'The child is not going out;' Barnet står allerede ude på Marken, 'The child is already standing out in the field;' At gå hjem, 'to go home;' at være hjemme, 'to be at home.' In these cases the final e may be regarded as a survival of an otherwise obsolete ablative form.
Certain adverbs of place and time may be put after the noun to which they refer, and used elliptically without a verb; as, Börnerne her, 'the children (who are) here;' Opröret i Fjor, 'the disturbance (which happened) last year.'
The adverbs ja and jo, 'yes,' cannot be used indifferently; the use of the former being required in answer to a question involving no negation, while the latter must be employed
in answer to a question expressive of doubt, or denial; as, Er du der? 'Are you (art thou) there?' Ja! 'Yes;'—Er du ikke der? 'Are you not there?' Jo! 'Yes.'
Ja is, moreover, used as a frequent and simple expletive, and jo as an ironical interjection; as, Jeg bad min Fader, ja! bönfaldt ham med Tårer! 'I prayed my father, nay, implored him, with tears.' Jo! det var noget smukt! 'Oh! indeed! that was splendid!'
# A Simplified Grammar of the Danish Language/Part II/Conjunctions

Conjunctions. (Bindeord.)
The conjunctions at, 'that,' dersom, hvis, 'if,' når, 'when,' så, 'so,' may be omitted before the final clauses of a sentence; as, Generalen så han slå soldaten, 'The General saw (that) he struck the soldier;' Kommer hun her (så understood), går jeg bort, 'If she comes here, I shall go away.'
Certain proportional conjunctions, as jo, vary in accordance with the character of the sentence; thus, in a simple statement of comparative proportion, jo must be followed by jo, while in a compound sentence, jo must be followed by desto or des; as, jo oftere, jo bedre, 'the oftener the better;' Jo oftere han så hende, og lagde Mærke til hendes store Elskværdighed, desto mere agtede han hende, 'The oftener he saw her, and observed her great amiability the more he esteemed her.'
In statements of comparison, for which the word end, 'than,' is used, the predicate verb need not be repeated; as, Min Broder er större end jeg, 'My brother is taller than I (am).' The same rule applies to som, 'as,' and to ligesom, 'as,' 'like;' as, Min Broder er så stor som jeg, 'My brother is as big as I (am);' Min Broder er Jurist ligesom jeg, 'My brother is a lawyer, as I am.'
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Hardwick, John

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​HARDWICK. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 8; h-p., 31.)
John Hardwick died 8 March, 1846. This officer entered the Navy, 23 May, 1807, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Isis 50, Capt. John Laugharne, in which ship, and the Antelope 50, bearing each the flag of Vice- Admiral John Holloway, he served at Newfoundland, the greater part of the time as Midshipman, until May, 1810. During the next two years we find him continuously employed with Capt. John Allen, in the Franchise 36, Rodney 74, and Perlen 38, on the Greenland, Mediterranean, and Channel stations. He was then transferred to the Magnificent 74, Capt. Willoughby Thos. Lake, and in the course of the following summer was very actively employed in cooperation with the patriots on the north coast of Spain, where he witnessed the reduction of Castro, Puerta Galletta, Quetaria, St. Ano, &c. He was promoted, after making a voyage in the same ship to the West Indies, to the rank of Lieutenant by commission dated 8 March, 1815; but he did not again go afloat.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Hardy, Edward

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​HARDY. (Lieutenant, 1843.)
Edward Hardy entered the Navy, 13 Nov. 1824; passed his examination 28 Aug. 1832; and after serving for some time as Mate, in the Mediterranean, of the Indus 78, Capt. Sir Jas. Stirling, and Aigle 24, Capt. Clarence Edw. Paget, was presented with a commission dated 16 Feb. 1843. He then, for a brief period, became Additional-Lieutenant of the Queen 110, bearing the flag on the same station of Sir Edw. W. C. R. Owen; whom, however, he rejoined, 23 April, 1844, on board the Formidable 84. Since 30 Dec. 1845 he has been serving in the Vernon 50, flag-ship in the East Indies of Rear-Admiral Sam. Hood Inglefield.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Hardy, Thomas

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​HARDY. (Lieutenant, 1821. f-p., 17; h-p., 23.)
Thomas Hardy entered the Navy, in May, 1807, as L.M., on board the Conqueror 74, Capts. Israel Pellew and Edw. Fellowes, successively employed in the Channel and in blockading the Russian Rear-Admiral Seniavin’s squadron in the Tagus. In Aug. 1808, two months after he had attained the rating of Midshipman, he removed to the Plantagenet 74, Capts. Wm. Bradly and Thos. Eyles, with whom he actively served on the Lisbon and Baltic stations until 1811; in the course of which year he joined the Stromboli, commanded in the Downs by Capts. Thos. Cuthbert Hichens and Sam. Grove, and Arethusa 38, Capt. Fras. Holmes Coffin. On his return in June, 1813, from the West Indies, where he had been serving two years, and had been twice engaged in boat-actions with the enemy’s privateers, Mr. Hardy became attached to the Kangaroo 16, Capt. Wm. Sumner Hall, and in that sloop he was continuously employed in the protection of convoys in the Baltic and Channel until Aug. 1815. The next six years were passed by this officer on the East India, Plymouth, West India, and Irish stations, as Admiralty-Midshipman, Acting-Lieutenant, and Chief Mate, in the Bacchus 16, Capts. Wm. Hill and John Pengelly Parkin, Favorite 20, Capt. Hon. Jas. Ashley Maude, Spencer 74, Capt. Wm. Robt. Broughton, Raleigh 18, Capt. Wm. Augustus Baumgardt, and Castle Coote Revenue-cruizer, Lieut.-Commander John Elwin. During a servitude of more than a year and a half in the latter vessel he contributed to the capture of two smuggling schooners; and on 20 Sept. 1820, while pursuing in the boats a Dutch lugger of 12 guns and 42 men, he had the misfortune to have his eyes severely injured by the flash from a blunderbuss fired by one of his men close to him. He received in consequence the thanks of the Commander-in-Chief at Cork, and of the Collector of Customs for Londonderry. Attaining the rank of Lieutenant 19 July, 1821, he was next appointed, 18 Dec. 1824 and 18 March, 1836, to the Genoa 74, Capts. Wm. Cumberland and Walter Bathurst, and, as First, to the Cornwallis 74, Capt. Robt. Worgan Geo. Festing. He was superseded from the former ship at his own request in Oct. 1826; and he left the Cornwallis, in consequence of the impaired state of his sight from the injury above alluded to, in the Oct. following his appointment to her. He has since been on half-pay.
Lieut. Hardy married, 31 July, 1821, Miss Eliza Phillips, of Kinsale, in Ireland.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Harcourt, Frederick Edward Vernon

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​HARCOURT, formerly Vernon. (Captain, 1814.)
Frederick Edward Vernon Harcourt, born in 1790, is fourth son of the Right Hon. Edw. Harcourt, D.D., D.C.L., P.C., Archbishop of York, Primate of England, and Lord High Almoner to the Queen, by Anne, third daughter of Granville, first Marquess of Stafford. He is brother of G. G. V. Harcourt, Esq., M.P. for the co. of Oxford; of the Rev. L. V. Harcourt, Chancellor of York; of Capt. O. V. Harcourt, R.N.; of H. V. Harcourt, Esq., a Lieut.-Colonel in the army; and of Lieut.-Colonel Fras. Harcourt, of the Grenadier Guards, Equerry to the Duchess of Kent. He is cousin of the present Lord Vernon; and is closely connected with the Earls of Lucan, Oxford, Liverpool, Harcourt, and Leicester.
​This officer entered the Navy, in Feb. 1803, as Midshipman, on board the Calcutta 50, armée en flûte, Capt. Dan. Woodriff. On his return from a voyage round the world, performed by that ship in the short period of 10 months and three days, he joined, in July, 1804, the Latona 38, Capt. Thos. Le Marchant Gosselin, with whom, on removing to the Audacious 74, he went in pursuit of Jerome Buonaparte to the West Indies. Being ultimately promoted, from the Centaur 74, bearing the flag of Sir Sam. Hood, to a Lieutenancy, 29 April, 1809, in the Implacable 74, commanded in the Baltic by Capts. Thos. Byam Martin and Geo. Cockburn, he took part in the boats of that ship in numerous detached services under Lieut. Joseph Hawkey, and on 7 of the ensuing July was especially mentioned for his highly exemplary conduct in a brilliant cutting-out affair, the particulars of which have been detailed in our narrative of the present Capt. Chas. Allen. He was in consequence, as soon as he had completed his two years’ servitude as Lieutenant, advanced to the rank of Commander, by commission dated 29 April, 1811. Previously, however, to the consummation of that event, he appears to have been further employed in making a voyage to the Havana, and assisting at the defence of l’Isla de Leon. In Sept. 1813, Capt. Harcourt, who had assumed command, on 25 of the preceding May, of the Challenger 16, took part in the siege of St. Sebastian; and on 13 of the following Oct. we find him contributing to the capture of Le Flibustier French national brig, mounting 16 guns, a brass howitzer, and 4 swivels, and laden with treasure, arms, ammunition, and salt provisions. He next, in March, 1814, co-operated with the force under Rear-Admiral Chas. Vinicombe Penrose in forcing the passage of the Gironde. Attaining Post-rank on 7 June in the same year, he was afterwards employed in command of the Blossom 24, and Doris frigate, on the South American station. He accepted the Retirement 1 Oct. 1846.
Capt. Harcourt married Martha, daughter of the late Vice-Admiral John Richard Delap Tollemache (grandson of Lionel, third Earl of Dysart), by Lady Elizabeth Stratford, daughter of John, third Earl of Aldborough. H« has issue. Agents – Messrs. Halford and Co.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Harcourt, Octavius Vernon

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​HARCOURT, formerly Vernon. (Captain, 1827. f-p., 18; h-p., 23.)
Octavius Vernon Harcourt, born 25 Dec. 1793, at Rose Castle, co. Cumberland, is eighth son of the Archbishop of York; and brother of Capt. F. E. V. Harcourt, R.N.
This officer entered the Navy, in Aug. 1806, as Midshipman, on board the Tigre 74, Capt. Benj. Hallowell, and, on attending the expedition of 1807 to Egypt, witnessed the surrender of Alexandria, and was much employed on boat-service up the river Nile. After assisting at the blockade of Toulon, and contributing to the destruction, towards the close of Oct. 1809, of the French ships of the line Robuste and Lion, he accompanied Capt. Hallowell, on his promotion to the rank of Rear-Admiral, into the Malta 80, and continued to serve with him in that ship, on the Mediterranean station, until the receipt of his first commission, bearing date 11 Jan. 1814 – co-operating intermediately with the troops on the south-east coast of Spain, and serving in the batteries at the siege of Tarragona. Be next joined the Mulgrave 74, Capt. Thos. Jas. Maling, and, while cruizing in that ship off the coast of Italy, landed with a party of seamen and marines near Piombino, where he captured a martello tower, and brought out or destroyed a convoy anchored under its protection. During the war of a Hundred Days, Mr. Harcourt, then belonging to the Amelia 38, Capt. Hon. Granville Proby, served at the blockade of Elba, and, on the intelligence arriving of the surrender of Buonaparte after the battle of Waterloo, he was sent with a Major of the Tuscan army to summon the town of Porto Ferrajo. Quitting the latter vessel in 1816, he remained on half-pay until appointed, 2 Feb. 1818, to the Sir Francis Drake, flag-ship of Sir Chas. Hamilton at Newfoundland; where he obtained command, 3 Feb. 1820, of the Drake sloop, and, for a short time in the same year, of the Carnation 18. He afterwards joined, 5 June, 1824, and 30 May, 1825, the Britomart 10, and Primrose 18, both employed in the West Indies, from which station he returned to England, with upwards of a million of dollars, in July, 1827. He was promoted to his present rank on 7 of the following month, and, about the same period, was selected by the Lord High Admiral to act as his Aide-de-Camp, in the Royal Sovereign yacht, on the occasion of a visit of Inspection to the various seaports. Capt. Harcourt’s last appointment was, 26 March, 1834, to the North Star 28, in which vessel he took out H. Hamilton, Esq., the British Minister, to Buenos Ayres, was then employed in surveying the coast of central America and California, and ultimately returned home with a large freight. He has been on half-pay since 27 Oct. 1836.
Capt. Harcourt, during the year 1820, discharged the duties of Surrogate at Newfoundland. He married, 22 Feb. 1838, Anne Holwell, daughter of Wm. Guter, Esq., and relict of Wm. Danby, Esq., of Swinton Park, Yorkshire.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Harding, John

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​HARDING. (Commander, 1846. f-p., 23; h-p., 19.)
John Harding entered the Navy, 19 Dec. 1805, on board the Foudroyant 80, Capt. John Chambers White, in which ship, until Nov. 1812, he continued, chiefly as Midshipman, to serve, on the Home, Lisbon, and Brazilian stations, under the successive flags of Admirals Sir John Borlase Warren, Albemarle Bertie, Sir Wm. Sidney Smith, and Hon. Michael De Courcy. Returning then to England he joined the Daedalus 38, Capt. Murray Maxwell, under whom, on eventually arriving in the East Indies, he was wrecked, off the island of Ceylon, 2 July, 1813. In consequence of that catastrophe he was received on board the Minden 74, bearing the flag of Sir Sam. Hood, in which ship he remained until Sept. 1814, when he became Acting-Lieutenant of the Hecate 18, Capt. John Allen. Being confirmed, 11 Feb. 1815, into the Sphynx 10, Mr. Harding, during a continuance of a few months in that vessel, and prior to the arrival of the proper Captain, the Hon. Arthur Turnour, appears to have discharged the duties of sole commander. He was subsequently appointed – 7 Jan. 1824 and 5 March, 1825 to the Coast Blockade, as Supernumerary-Lieutenant of the Ramillies 74, and Hyperion 42, Capts. Wm. M‘Culloch and Wm. Jas. Mingaye – 21 April, 1832, to the Royal Charlotte yacht, Capt. Edw. Galwey, lying at Dublin – 29 Sept. 1832 and 5 Sept. 1835, to the San Josef 110, and Royal Adelaide 104, flag-ships at Plymouth of Sir Manley Dixon and Sir Wm. Hargood – 14 Dec. 1842 (after seven years of half-pay), to the command of the Columbia steam surveying-vessel, employed, until the close of 1844, on the North American station – 4 April, 1845, to the Cyclops steam-frigate, Capt. Wm. Fred. Lapidge, on the S.E. coast of America – and, 1 Dec. 1845, to the Crocodile 8, Capt. Gower Lowe. With the exception of the Columbia, Mr. Harding was attached as an Additional-Lieutenant to all the above ships, and was employed the whole time on surveying service. Since his promotion to the rank of Commander, which took place 9 Nov. 1846, he has been on half-pay.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Harding, George

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​HARDING. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 31; h-p., 10.)
George Harding entered the Navy, 5 March, 1806, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Isis 50, Capt. John Laugharne, successive flag-ship at Newfoundland of Vice- Admirals Sir Erasmus Gower and John Holloway. He afterwards, on removing to the Stork 18, Capt. Geo. Le Geyt, contributed, as Midshipman, to the capture and destruction, 12 and 13 Dec. 1808, of Le Cygne corvette of 18 guns, and two schooners, near St. Pierre, Martinique. Quitting the latter vessel in Jan. 1811, he next, between that period and March, 1816, served, on the North Sea, Mediterranean, Cape of Good Hope, Channel, and Leith stations, in the Edinburgh 74, Euryalus, Thames, Laurel, and Stag frigates, Swiftsure 74, and Driver 16, Capts. Robt. Rolles, Rowland Mainwaring, Jeremiah Coghlan, John Strutt Peyton, Hon. Granville Proby, Phipps Hornby, Wm. Henry Webley, and John Ross. While attached with Capt. Proby to the Thames, Mr. Harding served on shore with the patriots at the siege of Tarragona in 1813. He was presented, on leaving the Driver, with a commission dated back to 20 March, 1815; and, since 28 Feb. 1826, has been employed in the Coast Guard.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Hardman, Henry Bowman

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​HARDMAN. (Lieutenant, 1845.)
Henry Bowman Hardman passed his examination 1 June, 1839; and from the latter part of 1841 until promoted to the rank of Lieutenant, 30 Dec. 1845, was employed as Mate, on the Mediterranean and East India station, in the Formidable 84, Capts. Sir Chas. Sullivan and Geo. Fred. Rich, flagship latterly of Sir Edw. W. C. R. Owen, and Espiègle 12, Capt. Thos. Pickering Thompson. He has since been on half-pay.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Hardy, Robert William Hale

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​HARDY. (Lieutenant, 1815. f-p., 9; h-p., 32.)
Robert William Hale Hardy entered the Navy, 8 June, 1806, as Sec.-cl. Boy, on board the Ganges 74, Capt. Peter Halkett, lying at Portsmouth, where he shortly afterwards joined the Royal William, flag-ship of Admiral Montagu. Between Sept. 1807 and Sept. 1813 we find him serving on the East India station, chiefly as Midshipman, in the Monmouth 64, and Russel 74, bearing each the flag of Rear-Admiral Wm. O’Brien Drury, Caroline 36, Capt. Christopher Cole, and Bucephalus 32, Capt. Barrington Reynolds. While in the Caroline he appears to have assisted at the celebrated capture of Banda Neira, in Aug. 1810, as also, in Aug. 1811, of the island of Java. He afterwards, from Jan. 1814 until his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant 20 Feb. 1815, served in the Asia 74, Capt. John Wainwright, and Tonnant 80, flag-ship of Sir Alex. Cochrane, both on the North American station, where, among other operations, he attended the expedition to New Orleans. He has not since been afloat. Agent – Joseph Woodhead.
# Roby v. Colehour

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
146 U.S. 153
Roby v. Colehour
Statement by Mr. Justice HARLAN: John M. Palmer, for plaintiff in error.
H. S. Monroe and W. C. Goudy, for defendants in error.
Mr. Justice HARLAN, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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