OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Andreas Gryphius

See also Andreas Gryphius on Wikipedia; Andreas Gryphius on Wikipedia, Gryphius in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​GRYPHIUS, Andreas (1616-1664), German poet, was born at Grossglogau, Silesia, on the llth of October, 1616. His youth fell in the period of the Thirty Years War, which began in 1618, when he was two years old. After spending five years at school in various towns, he returned to his native place in 1636, and became tutor in the family of Palsgrave George von Schonborn, who crowned him laureate and granted him a patent of nobility. In 163P he went to the university of Leyden, where he spent six years, at first as a student, afterwards as a tutor. Having travelled through France and Italy in association with a young Pomeranian, and lived a year in Strasburg, he went back to Silesia, and in 1650, at the age of thirty-four,, was made syndic of the principality of Glogau. This office, the duties of which he faithfully discharged, he held till his death in 1664. He was a man of deeply melancholy ​temperament, and his natural tendencies were fostered both by private misfortune and by the terrible public calamities of his age. Like most German writers in the first half of the 17th century, he was profoundly influenced by the critical doctrines of Opitz, on which account he is usually classed with the first Silesiau school, although by some of his characteristics he is more closely allied to the second Silesian school. His best works are his comedies, one of which, Peter Squenz, is based on the comic episode of A Midsummer Night s Dream. Die geliebte Dornrose (The Beloved Wildfose), which is written in a Silesian dialect, contains many touches of natural simplicity and grace, and still ranks high among the comparatively small number of genuine comedies of which German literature can boast. HorribUlscribrifax is a rather laboured attack on pedantry. Besides these three comedies, Gryphius wrote five tragedies. In all of them his tendency is to become wild and bombastic, but he had the merit of at least attempting to work out artistically conceived plans, and there are occasional flashes both of passion and of imagination. His models seem to have been Seneca, and the great Dutch poet Vondel. He had the courage, in Carolus Stuardus, to deal with events of his own day; his other tragedies are Leo Arminius, Katharina von Georgien, Cardenio imd Celinda, and Pampinianus. The lyrics of Gryphius give utterance to his despairing views of life, and are not without power; but it is as a dramatist that he is mainly important. No German dramatic writer before him had risen to so high a level, nor had he worthy successors until about the middle of the 18th century. A selection from his lyrics will be found in W. Miiller s Bibliothek der deutschen Dichter des I7 ten Jahrhnnderts (Bd. 2), and a selection from his dramatic writings in Tittmann s Deutsche Dichter des ten JaJirhunderts.
See Klc*pp, Andreas Gryphius als Dramatiker (1851); and Herr mann, Ucbcr Andreas Gryphius (1851).
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Andreeva

See also Endirey on Wikipedia; Endirey on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ANDREEVA, or Enderi, a town of Russia, in the district of the Caucasus, situated on the Aktash, 45 miles south of Kizliar. It once had a large trade in slaves. Population, 12,000.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Andria

See also Andria on Wikipedia; Andria at Wikipedia, Andria in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
Bari, situated in a plain 31 miles west of Bari. The town, which is said to derive its name from the caverns (antra) in the vicinity, is well built, and possesses a fine cathedral, founded in 1046 by Petro Normano, count of Trani. It has no manufactures of importance, but there is an exten sive trade in almonds, which are imported in large quan tities from the surrounding country. Andria was burned ​in 1799 by General Broussier, and in 1861 it became pati
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Andrea Andreani

See also Andrea Andreani on Wikipedia; Andrea Andreani at Wikipedia, Andrea Andreani in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
ANDREANI, Andrea, a celebrated engraver on wood, in chiaroscuro, was born at Mantua about 1540, and died at Rome in 1623. His engravings are scarce and valuable, and are chiefly copies of Mantegna, Dürer, and Titian. The most remarkable of his works are "Mercury and Ignorance," the "Deluge," "Pharaoh's host drowned in the Red Sea" (after Titian), the "Triumph of Caesar" (after Mantegna), and "Christ retiring from the judgment-seat of Pilate."
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Andrew Fuller

See also Andrew Fuller on Wikipedia; Andrew Fuller in 11 Edition; and the disclaimer.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Androclus

See also Androcles on Wikipedia; Androcles at Wikipedia, Androclus in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
ANDROCLUS, a Roman slave who used to lead about the streets a lion that had forborne to injure him when turned loose upon him in the circus. The story is related, on the authority of an eye-witness, by Aulus Gellius (Noct. Att., v. 14), who states that Androclus, having taken refuge from the severities of his master in a cave in Africa, a lion entered the cave and presented to him his swollen paw, from which Androclus extracted a large thorn.
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Sung Ch'üan

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​SUNG Ch'üan 宋權 (T. 元平, 平公, H. 雨恭, 梁園, 歸德老農), Aug. 5, 1598–1652, July 10, official of both the Ming and Ch'ing dynasties, was a native of Shang-ch'iu, Honan. Made a chin-shih in 1625, he became district magistrate of Yang-ch'ü, Shansi, and in the spring of 1644 was appointed governor of Shun-t'ien (Peking) with headquarters at Mi-yün in the metropolitan area. Three days after taking the latter post, Peking fell to the insurgent leader, Li Tzŭ-ch'êng [q. v.]. Sung Ch'üan resisted and succeeded in defeating one branch of the rebel forces. When the Manchus under Dorgon [q. v.] entered the city on June 6, 1644 he surrendered but was again appointed governor of Shun-t'ien. One of his first acts in this capacity was to memorialize the conquerors on the following matters: to assign officially a posthumous title or miao-hao 廟號 to the late Ming Emperor Ssŭ-tsung (see under Chu Yu- ​chien), to reform the evils of the prevailing taxation system, and to insure the appointment of able men to government posts. After two years as governor of Shun-t'ien he freed the metropolitan area from all vestiges of rebel occupation. In 1646 he was made Grand Secretary, and three years later was granted the title of Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent. Accused of submitting to the throne contradictory memorials on the question of using censors to spy on provincial officials, he was forced to retire in 1651. He died in the following year and was canonized as Wên-k'ang 文康. He was the father of Sung Lao [q. v.].
[1/244/3b; 4/7/1a; Shang-ch'iu-hsien chih (1705) 8/37a; Sung Wên-k'ang kung nien-p'u by Sung Lao (not consulted).]
Tu Lien-chê
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Sun Yüan-hua

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​SUN Yüan-hua 孫元化 (T. 初陽, 火東), d. Sept. 7, 1632, official and mathematician, known in Jesuit accounts as Ignatius Sun (or Sung), was a native of Chia-ting, Kiangsu. He received the degree of chü-jên in 1612. Having studied some Western mathematics and the use of firearms under Hsü Kuang-ch'i [q. v.], he presented in 1622, after the fall of Kuang-ning (see under Wang Hua-chên) to the Manchus, a memorial on the defense of the frontiers with the aid of cannon. His suggestions were adopted by Sun Ch'êng-tsung in 1622 and, in 1626 by the eminent soldier, Yüan Ch'ung-huan [qq. v.]. In 1630, because of his familiarity with the situation in Manchuria, he was made governor of Tengchow and Laichow in the Shantung peninsula where many Manchurian troops on the Ming side were encamped. A detachment of these soldiers, led by Kêng Chung-ming and K'ung Yu-tê [qq. v.], rebelled on January 19, 1632, and Sun, in a vain attempt to bring about peace, lost the opportunity of putting down the revolt. On February 22 the city of Tengchow, where Sun resided, fell into the hands of rebels and he was captured. He was spared by the rebels, because of his former kindness to them, and was allowed to go free. But soon afterwards he was arrested by the Ming government, court-marshalled and executed, despite the protests of his friend and patron, Hsü Kuang-ch'i. Sun wrote, in addition to other works, several treatises on geometry and military science. Two works by him on geometry—both in manuscript—are listed in the Ch'ih-ching chai shu-mu (see under Ting Jih-ch'ang).
A grandson, Sun Chih-mi 孫致彌 (T. 愷似, H. 松坪, 1642–1709), a chin-shih of 1678, attracted notice in 1678 because—though he was then only a student in the Imperial Academy—he was specially selected as one of the envoys sent on a mission to Korea to collect poetry there. He achieved some note also as a poet and a calligrapher.
[Chia-ting hsien-chih (1742) 8/31b, 10 shang 20a, (1880) 16/32b; M.1/248/19b; M.3/245/2b; 3/121/24a; Mao Pin [q. v.], P'ing-p'an chi; Li Yen, "A Bibliography of Mathematical Works by Ming Authors" (in Chinese), T'u-shu kuan hsüeh chi-k'an (Library Science Quarterly), vol. 1, p. 122f.; T'oung Pao, 1934, pp. 89, 182; Pfister, Notices Biographiques etc., p. 177.]
Fang Chao-ying
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Sun Shên-hsing

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​Sun Shên-hsing was the great-great-grandfather of the eminent scholar, Sun Hsing-yen [q. v.].
[M.1/243/11a; M.39/21/1a; Wu-chin Yang-hu ho-chih (see under Li Chao-lo) 21/1a.]
George A. Kennedy
# English Men of Letters

English Men of Letters was a series of literary biographies written by leading literary figures of the day and published by Macmillan & Co., under the general editorship of John Morley. The original series was launched in 1878, with Leslie Stephen's biography of Samuel Johnson, and ran until 1892. A second series, again under the general editorship of Morley, was published between 1902 and 1919.
* Initial publication of the first series: works separately published between 1878 and 1892, identified as part of the English Men of Letters series, but not in numbered volumes:
    Leslie Stephen (1879), Samuel Johnson • James Cotter Morison (1879), Gibbon • Richard H. Hutton (1879), Sir Walter Scott • John Addington Symonds (1879), Shelley • Thomas Henry Huxley (1879), Hume • William Black (1879), Goldsmith • William Minto (1879), Daniel Defoe • John Campbell Shairp (1879), Robert Burns • R. W. Church (1879), Spenser • Anthony Trollope (1879), Thackeray • John Morley (1879), Burke • Mark Pattison (1879), Milton • Henry James (1879), Hawthorne • Edward Dowden (1879), Southey • Adolphus William Ward (1879), Chaucer • Goldwin Smith (1880), Cowper • James Anthony Froude (1879), Bunyan • John Nichol (1880), Byron • Thomas Fowler (1880), Locke • Leslie Stephen (1880), Alexander Pope • Alfred Ainger (1882), Charles Lamb • David Masson (1881), Quincey • Sidney Colvin (1881), Landor • George Saintsbury (1881), Dryden • F. W. H. Myers (1881), Wordsworth • Richard Claverhouse Jebb (1882), Bentley • Leslie Stephen (1882), Swift • Adolphus William Ward (1882), Dickens • Edmund Gosse (1882), Gray • H. D. Traill (1882), Sterne • James Cotter Morison (1882), Macaulay • Austin Dobson (1883), Fielding • Mrs. Oliphant (1883), Sheridan • W. J. Courthope (1884), Addison • R. W. Church (1884), Bacon • H. D. Traill (1884), Coleridge • John Addington Symonds (1886), Sir Philip Sidney • Sidney Colvin (1887), Keats • John Nichol (1892), Thomas Carlyle
* the Portrait Edition: a reprint of the first series works, grouped into numbered volumes.
* the second series: works published between 1902 and 1919.
# English Projectiles

Serial article in Once a Week.
* Part 1
* Part 2
* Part 3
# English Traits

Published in 1856
* First Visit to England
* Voyage to England
* Land
* Race
* Ability
* Manners
* Truth
* Character
* Cockayne
* Wealth
* Aristocracy
* Universities
* Religion
* Literature
* The Times
* Stonehenge
* Personal
* Result
* Speech at Manchester
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Epictetus, the Discourses as reported by Arrian, the Manual, and Fragments/Book 1/Chapter 23

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CHAPTER XXIII
In answer to Epicurus
Even Epicurus understands that we are by nature social beings, but having once set our good in the husk which we wear, he cannot go on and say anything inconsistent with this. For, he next insists emphatically upon the principle that we ought neither to admire nor to accept anything that is detached from the nature of the good; and he is right in so doing. But how, then, can we still be social beings, if affection for our own children is not a natural sentiment? Why do you dissuade the wise man from bringing up children? Why are you afraid that sorrow will come to him on their account? What, does sorrow come to him on account of his house-slave Mouse? Well, what does it matter to him if his little Mouse in his home begins to cry? $^5$Nay he knows, that if once a child is born, ​it is no longer in our power not to love it or to care for it. For the same reason Epicurus says that a man of sense does not engage in politics either; for he knows what the man who engages in politics has to do—since, of course, if you are going to live among men as though you were a fly among flies, what is to hinder you? Yet, despite the fact that he knows this, he still has the audacity to say, "Let us not bring up children." But a sheep does not abandon its own offspring, nor a wolf; and yet does a man abandon his? What do you wish us to do? Would you have us be foolish as sheep? But even they do not desert their offspring. Would you have us be fierce as wolves? But even they do not desert their offspring. Come now, who follows your advice when he sees his child fallen on the ground and crying? $^{10}$Why, in my opinion, your mother and your father, even if they had divined that you were going to say such things, would not have exposed you!
* ↑ The reference here is clearly to Mys ("Mouse"), a favourite slave of Epicurus, who was brought up in his house, and took an active part in his philosophical studies, as Bentley saw (cf. Trans. Amer. Philol. Assoc., LII., 451). There is no evidence to support the common explanation that Epicurus had compared children to mice.
* ↑ Since flies have no social organization or relationships, and there is nothing to compel one to live like a man, and not like an unsocial animal, except one's own sense of fitness of things.
# Epictetus, the Discourses as reported by Arrian, the Manual, and Fragments/Book 1/Chapter 21

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CHAPTER XXI
To those who would be admired
When a man has his proper station in life, he is not all agape for things beyond it. Man, what is it you want to have happen to you? As for myself, I am content if I exercise desire and aversion in accordance with nature, if I employ choice and refusal as my nature is, and similarly employ purpose and design ​and assent. Why, then, do you walk around in our presence as though you had swallowed a spit? "It has always been my wish that those who meet me should admire me and as they follow me should exclaim, 'O the great philosopher!'" Who are those people by whom you wish to be admired? Are they not these about whom you are in the habit of saying that they are mad? What then? Do you wish to be admired by the mad?
# Endangered Species Act of 1973

* United States Code/Title 16/Chapter 35, the original legislation.
* Endangered Species Act of 1973, as Amended Through the 108th Congress, the previous legislation, as amended by the 108th Congress, published by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service. (November 24, 2003) (start transcription)
# End

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "End."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "An End", a poem by Christina Georgina Rossetti (Love, strong as Death, is dead)
* "The End", a poem by Arthur Conan Doyle ("Tell me what to get and I will get it")
* "The End", a poem by Robert Herrick (If well thou hast begun, go on fore-right)
* "The End", a poem by Robert Herrick (Conquer we shall, but we must first contend)
* "The End", a poem by John Masefield (There, on the darkened deathbed, dies the brain)
* "The End", a poem by Wilfred Owen (After the blast of lightning from the east)

## See also

* "End Poem", ending poem to the video game Minecraft
# Endanger it, and the Demand

Endanger it, and the Demand Of tickets for a sigh Amazes the Humility Of Credibility —
Recover it to Nature And that dejected Fleet Find Consternation's Carnival Divested of its Meat.
# Endeavors After the Christian Life

​Page:Endeavours After the Christian Life.djvu/6
​Page:Endeavours After the Christian Life.djvu/7
​Page:Endeavours After the Christian Life.djvu/8 ​Page:Endeavours After the Christian Life.djvu/9
​Page:Endeavours After the Christian Life.djvu/10 ​Page:Endeavours After the Christian Life.djvu/11
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Endangered Species Act

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Endangered Species Act."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
   * United States Code/Title 16/Chapter 35 (1973), the original legislation.
   * Endangered Species Act of 1973, as Amended Through the 108th Congress (2003) (start transcription)
* Endangered Species Act Basics, a short guide to the previous work. (2023) (external scan)
* Endangered Species Act Overview, another short guide to the legislation. (2023) (external scan)
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Tenth Edition/Aachen

See also Aachen on Wikipedia; Aachen in the 9th Edition; Aachen in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
​Aachen, the German name for Aix-la-Chapelle (q.v.)
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Tenth Edition/Aalborg

See also Aalborg on Wikipedia; Aalborg in the 9th Edition; Aalborg in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
​Aalborg, capital of county Aalborg, Denmark, on the S. side of Liimfjord, 87 miles by rail N. from Aarhus, a growing industrial and commercial centre. In 1899, 1532 vessels of 250,745 tons entered the port, and 1599 of 245,681 tons cleared. The iron bridge connecting Aalborg with Nörre Sundby (pop. 3000) on the N. side of the fjord, 1250 ft. long, is one of the finest pieces of engineering in the kingdom. Population, 14,152 (1880); 19,503 (1890); 31,462 (1901).
# Ex parte Pearson

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
214 U.S. 505
Ex parte Pearson
Messrs. Charles F. Carusi, C. D. Pennebaker, and Eugene A. Jones for petitioner.
No opposition.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ex parte Parker

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
120 U.S. 737
Ex parte Parker
[Statement of Case from pages 737-738 intentionally omitted]
A. T. Button, A. B. Browne, W. W. Upton, J. H. Mitchell, and Walter H. Smith, for petitioner.
J. H. Hoffecker, jr., for respondents.
MATTHEWS, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ex parte Pennsylvania Company

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* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
137 U.S. 451
Ex parte Pennsylvania Company
Danl, Davenport and William H. O'Hara, for petitioner.
Lewis E. Stanton, for respondent.
BRADLEY, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ex parte Parks

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United States Supreme Court
93 U.S. 18
Ex parte Parks
MR. WILLIAM GREEN presented the petition of Richard S. Parks praying for a writ of habeas corpus.
The petition is set forth, and the facts in the case are stated, in the opinion of the court.
MR. JUSTICE BRADLEY delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ex parte Pearson/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
214 U.S. 505
Ex parte Pearson
Denied.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ex parte Park Square Automobile Station

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
244 U.S. 412
Ex parte Park Square Automobile Station
Argued: May 21, 1917. --- Decided: June 11, 1917
Mr. Edward C. Stone for petitioner.
Mr. Robert G. Dodge for respondent.
Mr. Chief Justice White delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Axum

See also Axum on Wikipedia; Axum on Wikipedia, Axum in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
AXUM, an ancient city of Abyssinia, 85 miles N.W. of Antalo, still remarkable for its ruins. It was for a long time the capital of a great Shemitic people, who extended their sway over a large part of Abyssinia ; and the language spoken there at the time of the introduction of Christianity has continued to be the ecclesiastical language ever since. The chronicles of Abyssinia were preserved in the church, and are frequently referred to as the Books of Axum. The most interesting of the monuments still extant are the obelisk and the so-called coronation-room, both constructed of granite, and the latter containing some valuable bilingual inscriptions. In the modern town, which is the capital of the kingdom of Tigré, the weaving of cotton and manufacture of parchment are carried on. (See Salt's Travels, and Schimper in Zeitsch. der Ges. Erdk., Berlin, 1869.)
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Ayamonte

See also Ayamonte on Wikipedia; Ayamonte on Wikipedia, Ayamonte in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​AYAMONTE, a fortified city of Spain, in the province of Huelva, on the left bank of the Guadiana, about 2 miles from its mouth. The harbour is good, but, on account of a bar at its mouth, it is of difficult entrance. The principal employment of the inhabitants is afforded by the fisheries, especially for sardines, tunny, cod, and horse-mackerel; but this branch of industry has suffered by the extension of the general coasting traffic. Silk-weaving is carried on. Ayamonte is said to have had in the 16th century 16,000 inhabitants. Population, 5960.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Avola

See also Avola on Wikipedia; Avola on Wikipedia, Avola in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​AVOLA, a city on the coast of Sicily, in the province of Syracuse, with 11,912 inhabitants. It manufactures straw-mats, and has trade in wine, grain, oil, honey, &c.; and there are sugar plantations.