OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Rhode, Paul Peter

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​RHODE, PAUL PETER, an American Roman Catholic bishop, born in Prussian Poland in 1871. Having come to America with his parents in his early childhood, he was educated at St. Mary's, St. Ignatius, and St. Francis colleges, Chicago, and was ordained a priest in 1894. From 1896 to 1909 he was in charge of various churches in Chicago. In 1908 he was consecrated bishop of Barca, and in the same year auxiliary bishop of the Archdiocese of Chicago. From 1909 to 1915 he also served as vicar-general of the Archdiocese. In 1915 he was appointed bishop of the Green Bay (Wis.) diocese.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Richmond (California)

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
RICHMOND, a city of California, in Contra Costa co. It is on the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fé and the Southern Pacific railroads. Its situation on the west side of San Francisco Bay, with a frontage of 6 miles of deep water, make it an excellent shipping point. It is the center of the oil region of the Pacific coast, and is the terminus of the Standard Oil pipe lines. It contains large oil refineries. Its other industries include railway repair shops, pipe and steel works, porcelain factories, brick works, foundries, stone quarries, etc. The city has a park, a library, excellent school buildings, and a city hall. Pop. (1910) 6,802; (1920) 16,843.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Johnson, Sir William

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM, a British officer; born in Warrentown, County Meath, Ireland, in 1715. In 1738 Johnson established himself as the manager of the estates of his uncle (Admiral Sir Peter Warren), on the S. side of the Mohawk river, about 27 miles from Schenectady, N. Y. Here he speedily gained the confidence of the surrounding Indians, learned their language, and was adopted as a sachem by the Mohawks. In 1743 he was appointed by the British government chief superintendent of the Indians, and in 1750, a member of the provincial council. At the close of the war with the French, in 1753, Johnson threw up his commission, and retired to his fortified residence, called Fort Johnson. In 1755 he met and destroyed the French army under Baron Dieskau, at
Fort George. In recognition of his services, Johnson was presented by the English government with a grant of 100,000 acres of land in the valley of the Mohawk, where he built the village of Johnstown, which became in 1772 the capital of Tryon county. He died near Johnstown, N. Y., July 4, 1774.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Judgment Debt

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​JUDGMENT DEBT, a debt secured to the creditor by a judge's order, and in respect of which he can at any time attach the debtor's goods and chattels. Such debts have the preference of being paid in full, as compared with simple contract debts.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Johnson, Andrew

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JOHNSON, ANDREW, an American statesman, 17th president of the United States; born in Raleigh, N. C., Dec. 29, 1808. At 10 years of age he was indentured to a tailor, for whom he worked for seven years, receiving no schooling, but was taught to read by a fellow-apprentice. In 1826, with his mother, he emigrated to Tennessee. Here he married Eliza McCardle, a woman of good education, who instructed him in writing and other accomplishments. He was three times elected alderman, and then mayor in 1828–1830. In 1835 and in 1839 he was sent to the Tennessee Legislature. In 1840 he made campaign speeches for Van Buren, that gave him a wide reputation for oratory. In 1843 he was elected to Congress, and re-elected in 1845, 1847, 1849, and 1851. In 1853 Tennessee was “gerrymandered” to prevent his election, whereupon he ran for governor, and was elected. In 1857 he was sent to the United States Senate, where he ably advocated and secured the passage of a homestead bill, which President Buchanan vetoed. He ardently advocated the Union cause, and was made military governor of Tennessee by Lincoln in 1862, where he gave vigorous support to the Federal government. In 1864 was elected Vice-President, with Lincoln, and on the assassination of Lincoln, in April, 1865, became President by succession. His administration was marked by constant dissension between himself and Congress, and he was impeached before that body, for resisting the execution of the acts of Congress, and various alleged “high crimes and misdemeanors.” The trial was presided over by Chief Justice Salmon P. Chase. A two-thirds vote necessary to convict could not be secured, and the trial failed (May 16, 1868). A change of one vote, however, would have carried conviction. When his term expired he retired to Tennessee, and in 1875 was elected to the United States Senate, but died July 31, of that year.
ANDREW JOHNSON
Source: “Johnson, Andrew”, Collier's New Encyclopedia, V (New York: P.F. Collier & Son Company, 1921), pp. 268–269.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Johnson, Rossiter

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JOHNSON, ROSSITER, an American editor; born in Rochester, N. Y., Jan. 27, 1840; was educated there, and edited the Rochester “Democrat” jointly with Robert Carter. From 1869 to 1872 he edited the Concord (N. H.) “Statesman”; in 1873-1877 was associated with George Ripley and Charles A. Dana in editing the “American Cyclopædia”; in 1879-1880 aided Sydney Howard Gay in his “History of the United States.” In 1883 he became editor of the “Annual Cyclopædia.” He devised and edited the series of “Little Classics” (16 vols. 1874-1875; two additional vols. 1880). He was editor-in-chief of the “World's Great Books” (50 vols. 1898-1901). “Life of Captain John Smith” (1916); “Episodes of Civil War” (1916).
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Johnson, Samuel

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JOHNSON, SAMUEL, an English lexicographer; born in Litchfield, England, Sept. 18, 1709. He completed his education at Pembroke College, Oxford; and in 1732 taught school at Market Bosworth. In 1735 he married Mrs. Porter of Birmingham who possessed $4,000 and with this capital Johnson started a school at Edial, near Litchfield, obtaining only three scholars, one of whom was David Garrick. It was at this time that he began his tragedy “Irene.” In 1737 he set out for the metropolis, accompanied by Garrick. On fixing his residence in London he formed a connection with Cave, the publisher of the “Gentleman's Magazine,” his principal employment being the reports of the parliamentary debates. It was during this period that he formed a friendship for Richard Savage whom he immortalized in a biographical sketch. In 1749 appeared his “Vanity of Human Wishes,” an imitation of Juvenal's 10th satire. In 1750 he commenced his “Rambler,” a periodical paper, which was continued till 1752. About the period of his relinquishing the “Rambler,” he lost his wife, a circumstance which greatly affected him, as appears from his “Meditations,” and the sermon which he wrote on her death. In 1755 appeared his “Dictionary,” which, instead of three, had occupied eight years. Lord Chesterfield endeavored to assist it by writing two papers in its favor in the “World”; but, as he had hitherto neglected the author, Johnson treated him with contempt. In 1758 he began the “Idler,” which was published in a weekly newspaper. On the death of his mother, in 1759, he wrote the romance of “Rasselas,” to defray the expenses of her funeral, and to pay her debts. In 1762 George III. granted him a pension. In 1763, Boswell, his future biographer,
was introduced to him, a circumstance to which we owe the most minute account of a man's life and character that has ever been written. In 1773 he went on a tour with Boswell to the W. islands of Scotland, of which journey he shortly afterward published an account, which occasioned a difference between him and Macpherson, relative to the poems of Ossian. In 1779 he began his “Lives of the British Poets,” which was the last of his literary labors. He died in England, Dec. 13, 1784.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Johnson, Eastman

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JOHNSON, EASTMAN, an American painter; born in Lovell, Me., July 29, 1824. In 1849 he went to Düsseldorf, where he studied two years, and afterward resided for four years at The Hague, where, besides numerous portraits, he executed “The Savoyard” and the “Card Players.” His favorite subjects are the American rustic and negro, and glimpses of domestic life, though later he devoted himself almost exclusively to portrait painting. He revisited Europe in 1885. Among his best works, many of which have been reproduced in chromo-lithography are “The Old Kentucky Home” (1859); “The Farmer's Sunday Morning” (1860); “The Village Blacksmith” (1864); “The Boyhood of Abraham Lincoln” (1867); “The Old Stage Coach” (1871); “The Wounded Drummer” (1872); “The Pedlar” (1873); “A Glass with the Squire” (1880); and “The Funding Bill” (1881). He painted portraits of Presidents Cleveland and Harrison. He died Apr. 6, 1906.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Johnson, Robert Underwood

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JOHNSON, ROBERT UNDERWOOD, an American poet and editor; born in Washington, D. C, Jan. 12, 1853; became associate editor of the “Century Magazine.” His efforts in behalf of the establishment of international copyright were recognized by the degree of M. A., conferred by Yale University in 1891. He edited, with C. C. Buel, the notable “Battles and Leaders of the Civil War” (1887-1888), and has published two volumes of poems: “The Winter Hour and Other Poems” (1892); and “Songs of Liberty” (1897), “Italian Rhapsody” (1917). Appointed U. S. Ambassador to Italy in 1920.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Johnson, Thomas Loftin

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JOHNSON, THOMAS LOFTIN, better known as Tom L. Johnson, an American municipal reformer, born at Georgetown, Ky., in 1854. He received practically no early education. His first employment was with a street-railway company. He rapidly rose to positions of responsibility and acquired a large fortune, partly through inventions relating to street railways. He purchased in 1876 an interest in a street railway of Indianapolis and later acquired large holdings in street railways in Cleveland, Detroit, and Brooklyn. He made these lines profitable by the introduction of through fares and transfers. He disposed of his street-railway interests for a large sum and entered politics. He was defeated for Congress in 1898 but was elected in 1890 and 1892. He was an ardent advocator of the single-tax ideas of Henry George and also his theories of municipal ownership attracted national attention. In 1901 he was elected mayor of Cleveland and was three times re-elected. During his terms of office he introduced radical reforms and won a fight to secure three-cent fares on the street-car lines of the city. He was defeated for the governorship of Ohio in 1903. He retired from active participation of public affairs in 1910 and died in the following year.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Johnson, Owen

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
JOHNSON, OWEN (McMAHON), an American author, born in New York in 1878, the son of Robert Underwood Johnson. He graduated from Yale University in 1900. His first work “Arrows of the Almighty” was published in 1901 and this was followed in rapid succession by others, including “The Eternal Boy” (1909); “The Humming Bird” (1910); “The Varmint” (1910); “The Salamander” (1913); “The Spirit of France,” (1915); “Virtuous Wives” (1917).
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Gennadius I

From volume 6 of the work.
Patriarch of Constantinople (458-471), has left scarcely any writings. Facundus (Defensio, II, iv) states that he wrote against St. Cyril of Alexandria, probably in 431-2, and quotes a passage to show that his work was more violent even than the letter of Ibas. If St. Cyril's letter of 434 (Ep. lvi) is to the same Gennadius, they were friends in that year. Gennadius succeeded Anatolius as Bishop of Constantinople in 458. On 17 June, 460, St. Leo wrote to him (Ep. clxx) warning him against Timothy Aelurus, the Monophysite who had made himself Patriarch of Alexandria. Not later, it seems, than 459 St. Gennadius celebrated a great council of eighty-one bishops, many of whom were from the East and even from Egypt, including those who had been dispossessed of their sees by Aelurus. The letter of this council against simony is still preserved (Mansi, VII, 912). About the same time St. Daniel the Stylite began to live on a column near Constantinople, apparently without the Patriarch's leave, and certainly without the permisslon of Gelasius, the owner of the property where the pillar stood, who strongly objected to this strange invasion of his land. The Emperor Leo protected the ascetic, and some time later sent St. Gennadius to ordain him priest, which he is said to have done standing at the foot of the column, since St. Daniel objected to being ordained, and refused to let the bishop mount the ladder. At the end of the rite, however, the patriarch ascended to give Holy Communion to the stylite and to receive it from him. Whether he then imposed his hands on him is not said. Possibly he considered it sufficient to extend them from below towards the saint. According to Theodorus Lector, Gennadius would allow no one to become a cleric unless he had learned the Psalter by heart. He made St. Marcian oeconomus of the Church of Constantinople.
St. Gennadius is said by Joannes Moschus to have been very mild and of great purity. We are told by Gennadius of Marseilles that he was lingua nitidus et ingenio acer, and so rich in knowledge of the ancients that he composed a commentary on the whole Book of Daniel. The continuation of St. Jerome's Chronicle by Marcellinus Comes tells us (according to some manuscripts) that Gennadius commented on all St. Paul's Epistles. Some fragments are collected in Migne, P.G., LXXXV, chiefly from the two catenae of Cramer on Romans; a few passages are found in the catena of Aecumenius, and a few in the Vienna MS. gr. 166 (46). Some fragments in the catenae of Niceohorus show that Gennadius also commented on Genesis. He is seen to have been a learned writer, who followed the Antiochene school of literal exegesis. He is celebrated in the Greek Menaea on 25 Aug. and 17 Nov., and on the former day in the Roman-Martyrology.
John Chapman.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Gerald

From volume 6 of the work.
Bishop of Mayo, an English monk, date of birth unknown; died 13 March, 731; followed St. Colman, after the Synod of Whitby (664), to Ireland, and settled in Innisboffin, in 668. Dissensions arose, after a time, between the Irish and the English monks, and St. Colman decided to found a separate monastery for the thirty English brethren. Thus arose the Abbey of Mayo (Magh Eo, the yew plain), known as "Mayo of the Saxons", with St. Gerald as the first abbot, in 670. St. Bede writes: "This monastery is to this day (731) occupied by English monks ... and contains an exemplary body who gathered there from England, and live by the labour of their own hands (after the manner of the early Fathers), under a rule and canonical abbot, leading chaste and single lives." Although St. Gerald was a comparatively young man, he proved a wise ruler, and governed May until 697, when, it is said, he resigned in favour of St. Adamnan. Some authors hold that St. Adamnan celebrated the Roman Easter at Mayo, in 703, and then went to Skreen, in Hy Fiachrach, and that after his departure the monks prevailed on St. Gerald to resume the abbacy. The Saxon saint continued to govern the Abbey and Diocese of Mayo till his death. His feast is celebrated on 13 March. Mayo, though merged in Tuam for a time, remained a separate see until 1579.
W. H. Grattan-Flood.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Gerard, Bishop of Toul

From volume 6 of the work.
Born at Cologne, 935; died at Toul, 23 April, 994. Belonging to a wealthy and noble family, he received an excellent education in the school for clerics at Cologne, and throughout his youth was a model of obedience and piety. He was eventually ordained to the priesthood, in which office his virtues were a source of edification to the city of Cologne. At the death of Gauzelin, Bishop of Toul (963), he was appointed to succeed him by the Archbishop of Cologne, was well received by the clergy and people of Toul, and bore the burdens of his episcopal office without any of its comforts. Although he avoided paying long visits to the court of the Emperor Otto II, who was desirous of keeping Gerard near him, he nevertheless obtained from the emperor the confirmation of the privilege in virtue of which Toul, although united to the empire about 925, formed an independent state of which the Emperor Henry the Fowler reserved to himself only the protectorate, abandoning to Gerard's predecessor, Gauzelin, the therefore rightly considered as the true founder of the temporal power of the bishops of Toul. He was energetic in his opposition to powerful personages who were inimical to his authority, and governed his county wisely, promulgating administrative measures, traces of which subsisted to the time of the French Revolution. He died at the age of fifty-nine, and was buried with pomp in the choir of his cathedral. Leo IX, one of his successors in the See of Toul, canonized him in 1050.
LÉON CLUGNET
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/St. Gerard Majella

From volume 6 of the work.
Born in Muro, about fifty miles south of Naples, in April, 1726; died 16 October, 1755; beatified by Leo XIII, 29 January, 1893, and canonized by Pius X, 11 December, 1904. His only ambition was to be like Jesus Christ in his sufferings and humiliations. His father, Dominic Majella, died while Gerard was a child. His pious mother, owing to poverty, was obliged to apprentice him to a tailor. His master loved him, but the foreman treated him cruelly. His reverence for the priesthood and his love of suffering led him to take service in the house of a prelate, who was very hard to please. On the latter's death Gerard returned to his trade, working first as a journeyman and then on his own account. His earnings he divided between his mother and the poor, and in offerings for the souls in purgatory. After futile attempts first to become a Franciscan and then a hermit, he entered the Congregation of the Most Holy Redeemer in 1749. Two years later he made his profession, and to the usual vows he added one by which he bound himself to do always that which seemed to him more perfect. St. Alphonsus considered him a miracle of obedience. He not only obeyed the orders of superiors when present, but also when absent knew and obeyed their desires. Although weak in body, he did the work of three, and his great charity earned for him the title of Father of the Poor. He was a model of every virtue, and so drawn to Our Lord in the tabernacle that he had to do violence to himself to keep away. An angel in purity, he was accused of a shameful crime; but he bore the calumny with such patience that St. Alphonsus said: "Brother Gerard is a saint". He was favoured with infused knowledge of the highest order, ecstatsies, prophecy, discernment of spirits, and penetration of hearts, bilocation, and with what seemed an unlimited power over nature, sickness, and the devils. When he accompanied the Fathers on missions, or was sent out on business, he converted more souls than many missionaries. He predicted the day and hour of his death. A wonderworker during his life, he has continued to be the same since his death.
J. Magnier.
# Central of Georgia Railway Company v. Wright (250 U.S. 519)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
250 U.S. 519
Central of Georgia Railway Company v. Wright
Argued: Jan. 21, 1919. ---
Reversed with Costs
Rehearing Granted as to Certain Specified Points and Denied as to All Others-Order of April 21, 1919.
Reargued Oct. 13 and 14, 1919.
Decided Oct. 27, 1919.
Messrs. T. M. Cunningham, Jr., and A. R. Lawton, both of Savannah, Ga., for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Warren Grice, of Macon, Ga., for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 520-523 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Central of Georgia Railway Company v. Wright (248 U.S. 525)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
248 U.S. 525
Central of Georgia Railway Company v. Wright
Argued: Jan. 21, 1919. --- Decided: Feb 3, 1919
Messrs. A. R. Lawton and T. M. Cunningham, Jr., both of Savannah, Ga., for plaintiff in error.
Messrs. Samuel H. Sibley, of Union, Ga., and John C. Hart, of Atlanta, Ga., for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Central of Georgia Railway Company v. Wricht

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
207 U.S. 127
Central of Georgia Railway Company v. Wricht
Argued: November 18, 1907. --- Decided: October 21, 22, 1907
Messrs. T. M. Cunningham, Jr., Henry C. Cunningham, A. R. Lawton, and Alexander C. King, for plaintiff in error in No. 85.
Mr. John C. Hart for defendants in error in No. 85.
Messrs. Joseph R. Lamar, Joseph B. Cumming, and Alex. C. King for plaintiff in error in No. 89.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 128-130 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Boykin Wright and John C. Hart for defendants in error in No. 89.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 130-131 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Day delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Central of Georgia Railway Company v. Wright

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Central of Georgia Railway Company v. Wright."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Central of Georgia Railway Company v. Wright (248 U.S. 525)
* Central of Georgia Railway Company v. Wright (250 U.S. 519)
See also Wright v. Central of Georgia Railway Company.
# Central of Georgia Railway Company v. Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen Local Lodge No. 721/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
352 U.S. 995
Central of Georgia Railway Company v. Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen Local Lodge No. 721
Upon the suggestion of mootness the writ is dismissed on the ground that the cause is moot.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Anchersen, Ansgarius

Anchersen, Ansgarius, a physician at Copenhagen, wrote, about the year 1720, a dissertation on the powers of music over the human body.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Ancient modes

Ancient modes. The modes or scales of the ancient Greeks and Romans.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Ananes

Ananes, or ANAENES. A term by which the Greek church, during the ninth, tenth, and eleventh centuries, characterized the modes or tones, and which terms are still retained by the modern Greeks in their ecclesiastical music.