# The History of Slavery and the Slave Trade/Chapter 35

Contents
CHAPTER XXXV.
Statistical Tables constructed from the Census of 1850.
The United States consist at the present time of thirty-one independent states, and eight organized territories, including the District of Columbia.
TERRITORY. :
| Area in Square Miles of the Free States. |||||
| California | 155,980 | | New Hampshire | 9,280 |
| Connecticut | 4,614 | | New York | 47,000 |
| Illinois | 55,405 | | New Jersey | 8,320 |
| Indiana | 33,809 | | Ohio | 39,964 |
| Iowa | 50,914 | | Pennsylvania | 46,000 |
| Maine | 31,766 | | Rhode Island | 1,306 |
| Massachusetts | 7,800 | | Vermont | 10,212 |
| Michigan | 56,243 | | Wisconsin | 53,924 |
| Total area of the Free States612,597 |||||
| Area in Square Miles of the Slave States. |||||
| Alabama | 50,722 | | Maryland | 11,124 |
| Arkansas | 52,198 | | Mississippi | 47,156 |
| District of Columbia | 60 | | Missouri | 67,380 |
| Delaware | 2,120 | | North Carolina | 50,704 |
| Florida | 59,268 | | South Carolina | 29,385 |
| Georgia | 58,000 | | Tennessee | 45,600 |
| Kentucky | 37,680 | | Texas | 237,504 |
| Louisiana | 41,255 | | Virginia | 61,352 |
| Total area of the Slave States851,500 |||||
| Area of the thirty-one states in square miles | Area of the thirty-one states in square miles | Area of the thirty-one states in square miles | Area of the thirty-one states in square miles | 1,464,105 |
| Area of the territories in square miles. | Area of the territories in square miles. | Area of the territories in square miles. | Area of the territories in square miles. | 1,472,061 |
POPULATION.
| White population in the Free States | 13,330,650 |
| White population in the Slave States | 6,222,418 |
| Free colored population of Free States | 196,016 |
| Free colored population of Slave States | 238,181 |
| Slaves | 3,204,313 |
| Proportion of colored to white in Free States | 1 to 68 |
| Proportion of colored to white in Slave States | 1 to 2 |
Free Colored in Free States
| California | 962 | New Hampshire | 520 |
| Connecticut | 7,693 | New York | 49,069 |
| Illinois | 5,436 | New Jersey | 23,810 |
| Indiana | 11,262 | Ohio | 25,279 |
| Iowa | 333 | Pennsylvania | 53,626 |
| Maine | 1,356 | Rhode Island | 3,670 |
| Massachusetts | 9,064 | Vermont | 718 |
| Michigan | 2,583 | Wisconsin | 635 |
| Total196,016 |||||
Free Colored in Slave States.
| Alabama | 2,265 | Maryland | 74,723 |
| Arkansas | 608 | Mississippi | 930 |
| District of Columbia | 10,059 | Missouri | 2,618 |
| Delaware | 18,733 | North Carolina | 27,463 |
| Georgia | 2,932 | South Carolina | 8,960 |
| Florida | 932 | Tennessee | 6,422 |
| Kentucky | 10,011 | Texas | 397 |
| Louisiana | 17,462 | Virginia | 54,333 |
| Total238,187 |||||
Slave Population.
| Alabama | 342,844 | Maryland | 90,368 |
| Arkansas | 47,100 | Mississippi | 309,878 |
| District of Columbia | 3,687 | Missouri | 87,422 |
| Delaware | 2,290 | North Carolina | 288,548 |
| Georgia | 381,682 | South Carolina | 384,984 |
| Florida | 39,310 | Tennessee | 239,459 |
| Kentucky | 210,981 | Texas | 58,161 |
| Louisiana | 244,809 | Virginia | 472,528 |
| Total3,204,313 |||||
Mulatto Population of Free States.
| California | 87 | | New Hampshire | 184 |
| Connecticut | 1,798 | | New Jersey | 3,697 |
| Illinois | 2,506 | | New York | 8,139 ​ |
| Indiana | 5,321 | Ohio | 14,265 |
| Iowa | 155 | Pennsylvania | 15,841 |
| Maine | 461 | Rhode Island | 731 |
| Massachusetts | 2,340 | Vermont | 206 |
| Michigan | 1,118 | Wisconsin | 291 |
| Total56,646 |||||
Mulatto Population of Slave States.
| | Free | Slaves | Total |
| Alabama | 1,698 | 21,605 | 23,303 |
| Arkansas | 401 | 6,361 | 6,768 |
| District of Columbia | 3,216 | 802 | 4,078 |
| Delaware | 1,648 | 83 | 1,731 |
| Florida | 703 | 3,022 | 3,725 |
| Georgia | 1,528 | 22,669 | 24,197 |
| Kentucky | 2,630 | 29,729 | 32,359 |
| Louisiana | 14,083 | 19,835 | 33,918 |
| Maryland | 13,614 | 1,889 | 21,503 |
| Mississippi | 635 | 19,130 | 20,365 |
| Missouri | 931 | 13,235 | 14,166 |
| North Carolina | 11,205 | 16,815 | 34,020 |
| South Carolina | 4,312 | 12,502 | 16,814 |
| Tennessee | 3,166 | 20,356 | 24,132 |
| Texas | 251 | 1,103 | 1,960 |
| Virginia | 35,416 | 44,299 | 19,115 |
| Total | 102,239 | 246,635 | 348,814 |
| Mulatto population of Free States | Mulatto population of Free States | Mulatto population of Free States | 56,646 |
| Mulatto population of Slave States | Free | 102,239 | |
| | Slave | 246,635 | 348,814 |
| White population of Free States | 13,330,650 | | |
| Mulatto population of Free States | 56,646 | Proportion 1 to 235 | Proportion 1 to 235 |
| White population of Slave States | 6,222,418 | | |
| Mulatto population of Slave States | 348,814 | Proportion 1 to 18 | Proportion 1 to 18 |
Manumitted and Fugitive Slaves in 1850.
| States | Manu mitted | Fugi tive | States | Manu mitted | Fugi tive |
| Alabama | 16 | 29 | Missouri | 50 | 60 |
| Arkansas | 1 | 21 | Mississippi | 6 | 41 |
| Delaware | 211 | 26 | North Carolina | 2 | 64 |
| Florida | 22 | 18 | South Carolina | 2 | 16 |
| Georgia | 19 | 89 | Tennessee | 45 | 10 |
| Kentucky | 152 | 96 | Texas | 5 | 29 |
| Louisiana | 159 | 90 | Virginia | 218 | 83 |
| Maryland | 493 | 219 | Total | 1,461 | 1,011 |
​On the schedules 1,467 slaves are returned in 1850 as emancipated in the slaveholding states during the previous year. The number of slaves who had absconded during the year 1849-50, and had not been heard from, was 1,011 by the reports.
| Proportion of Fugitive Slaves | one in 3,200 |
| Proportion of Manumitted Slaves | one in 2,200 |
In Maryland there was one fugitive in 320 slaves; in Virginia there was one in 5,695; in Missouri, one in 1,450; in Kentucky, one in 2,100; in Georgia, one in 2,700; and in Louisiana, one in 4,000.
| Deaf and Dumb Slaves | 531 |
| Blind | 1,387 |
| Insane | 327 |
| Idiotic | 1,182 |
| Total | 3,427 |
Occupations of Slaves.
| Residents of Towns | 400,000 |
| Rural | 2,804,313 |
Of the latter class 2,500,000 are directly employed in agriculture, including males and females, and persons of all ages. Slaves under 10 and over 60 years of age are seldom employed industrially. These 2,500,000 are distributed between the great staples of the south in something like the following proportions, bearing in mind that large quantities of breadstuffs are produced in addition:
| Hemp | 60,000 |
| Rice | 125,000 |
| Sugar | 150,000 |
| Tobacco | 350,000 |
| Cotton, &c. | 1,815,000 |
Number of Slave Holders.
| Alabama | 29,295 | Maryland | 16,040 |
| Arkansas | 5,999 | Mississippi | 23,116 |
| District of Columbia | 1,477 | Missouri | 19,185 |
| Delaware | 809 | North Carolina | 28,303 |
| Florida | 3,520 | South Carolina | 25,596 |
| Georgia | 38,456 | Tennessee | 33,864 |
| Kentucky | 38,385 | Texas | 7,747 |
| Louisiana | 20,670 | Virginia | 55,063 |
| Total347,525 |||||
Proportion of Slave Holders to Non-Slave Holders in the Slave States.
| States. | Slave Holders. | Non-Slave Holders. |
| Alabama | 29,295 | 397,219 |
| Arkansas | 5,999 | 156,190 |
| District of Columbia | 1,417 | 36,464 |
| Delaware | 809 | 70,360 |
| Florida | 3,520 | 43,683 |
| Georgia | 38,456 | 483,116 |
| Kentucky | 38,385 | 723,028 |
| Louisiana | 20,670 | 234,821 |
| Maryland | 16,040 | 401,903 |
| Mississippi | 23,116 | 272,602 |
| Missouri | 19,185 | 572,819 |
| North Carolina | 28,303 | 524,725 |
| South Carolina | 25,596 | 248,967 |
| Tennessee | 33,864 | 722,972 |
| Texas | 7,747 | 146,287 |
| Virginia | 55,063 | 839,737 |
| | 347,525 | 5,873,893 |
Representation in Congress Slave States.
| States. | Slaves. | Free Colored. | White. | No. of Reps. |
| Alabama | 342,844 | 2,265 | 426,514 | 7 |
| Arkansas | 47,100 | 608 | 162,189 | 2 |
| Delaware | 2,290 | 18,073 | 71,169 | 1 |
| Florida | 39,310 | 932 | 47,203 | 1 |
| Georgia | 381,682 | 2,932 | 521,572 | 8 |
| Kentucky | 210,981 | 10,011 | 761,413 | 10 |
| Louisiana | 244,809 | 17,462 | 255,491 | 4 |
| Maryland | 90,368 | 74,723 | 417,943 | 6 |
| Mississippi | 309,878 | 930 | 295,718 | 5 |
| Missouri | 87,422 | 2,618 | 592,004 | 7 |
| North Carolina | 288,548 | 27,463 | 553,028 | 8 |
| South Carolina | 384,984 | 8,960 | 274,563 | 6 |
| Tennessee | 239,459 | 6,422 | 756,836 | 10 |
| Texas | 58,161 | 397 | 154,034 | 2 |
| Virginia | 472,528 | 54,333 | 894,800 | 13 |
| | 3,200,626 | 238,187 | 6,222,418 | 90 |
Representation in Congress.—Free States.
| States. | Colored. | White. | No. of Reps. |
| California | 962 | 91,635 | 2 |
| Connecticut | 7,693 | 363,099 | 4 |
| Illinois | 5,436 | 846,034 | 9 |
| Indiana | 11,262 | 977,154 | 11 |
| Iowa | 333 | 191,881 | 2 |
| Maine | 1,356 | 581,813 | 6 |
| Massachusetts | 9,064 | 985,450 | 11 |
| Michigan | 2,583 | 395,071 | 4 |
| New Hampshire | 520 | 317,456 | 3 |
| New York | 49,069 | 3,048,325 | 33 |
| New Jersey | 23,816 | 465,509 | 5 |
| Ohio | 25,279 | 1,955,050 | 21 |
| Pennsylvania | 53,626 | 2,258,160 | 25 |
| Rhode Island | 3,670 | 143,875 | 2 |
| Vermont | 718 | 313,402 | 3 |
| Wisconsin | 635 | 304,756 | 3 |
| | 196,016 | 13,330,650 | 144 |
| Northern Representatives based on White Population | 42 |
| Northern Representatives based on Colored Population | 2 |
| Southern Representatives based on White Population | 68 |
| Southern Representatives based on Free Colored Population | 2 |
| Southern Representatives based on Slave Population | 20 |
| Ratio of Representation for 1853, 93,420 ||
MORAL AND SOCIAL.
Religious Worship.
| Slave States. | No. of Churches. | Value Church Property. | Church Accommodations. |
| Alabama | 1,325 | $1,131,616 | 440,155 |
| Arkansas | 362 | 89,315 | 60,226 |
| District of Columbia | 46 | 363,000 | 34,120 |
| Delaware | 180 | 340,345 | 55,741 |
| Florida | 177 | 165,400 | 44,960 |
| Georgia | 1,862 | 1,269,359 | 632,992 |
| Kentucky | 1,849 | 2,251,918 | 673,528 |
| Louisiana | 307 | 1,782,470 | 109615 |
| Maryland | 909 | 3,947,884 | 379,465 |
| Mississippi | 1,016 | 755,542 | 294,104 |
| Missouri | 909 | 1,587,410 | 264,979 |
| North Carolina | 1,787 | 905,573 | 574,924 |
| South Carolina | 1,182 | 2,172,246 | 460,450 |
| Tennessee | 2,027 | 1,216,201 | 628,495 |
| Texas | 328 | 206,930 | 64,155 |
| Virginia | 2,386 | 2,860,876 | 858,086 |
| Totals | 16,652 | $22,142,085 | 5,575,995 |
Religious Worship.
| Free States. | No. of Churches. | Value Church Property. | Church Accommodations. |
| California | 28 | $ 267,800 | 10,020 |
| Connecticut | 734 | 3,555,194 | 307,299 |
| Illinois | 1,223 | 1,482,185 | 486,576 |
| Indiana | 2,035 | 1,529,585 | 709,655 |
| Iowa | 207 | 177,425 | 43,529 |
| Maine | 945 | 1,725,845 | 321,167 |
| Massachusetts | 1,447 | 10,206,184 | 692,828 |
| Michigan | 399 | 723,600 | 120,117 |
| New Hampshire | 626 | 1,405,786 | 237,417 |
| New Jersey | 814 | 3,680,936 | 345,733 |
| New York | 4,169 | 21,219,207 | 1,915,179 |
| Ohio | 3,939 | 5,793,099 | 1,457,769 |
| Pennsylvania | 3,596 | 11,586,315 | 1,576,245 |
| Rhode Island | 231 | 1,254,400 | 102,040 |
| Vermont | 599 | 1,216,125 | 234,534 |
| Wisconsin | 365 | 353,900 | 97,773 |
| Totals | 21,357 | $65,167,142,586 | 8,647,881 |
| Estimated Educational Income in Slave States | 6,819,808 |
| Estimated Educational Income in Free States | 10,902,308 |
Persons over 20 years of age who cannot Read and Write.
| Slave States. | Whites. | Free Colored. | White & Free Colored. | White & Free Colored. | White & Free Colored. |
| | | | Native. | Foreign. | Aggregate. |
| Alabama | 33,751 | 235 | 33,853 | 139 | 33,902 |
| Arkansas | 10,819 | 110 | 10,908 | 27 | 10,935 |
| District of Columbia | 1,457 | 3,214 | 4,349 | 322 | 4,671 |
| Delaware | 4,530 | 5,045 | 9,777 | 404 | 10,181 |
| Florida | 3,859 | 270 | 3,834 | 295 | 4,129 |
| Georgia | 41,200 | 407 | 41,201 | 400 | 41,007 |
| Kentucky | 66,087 | 3,019 | 07,359 | 2,347 | 09,706 |
| Louisiana | 21,221 | 3,389 | 18,339 | 6,271 | 24,610 |
| Maryland | 20,815 | 21,002 | 38,420 | 3,451 | 41,877 |
| Mississippi | 13,405 | 123 | 13,447 | 81 | 13,528 |
| Missouri | 36,281 | 497 | 34,917 | 1,861 | 30,778 |
| North Carolina | 73,500 | 0,857 | 80,083 | 340 | 80,423 |
| South Carolina | 15,084 | 880 | 10,460 | 104 | 10,564 |
| Tennessee | 77,522 | 1,097 | 78,114 | 505 | 78,019 |
| Texas | 10,525 | 58 | 8,095 | 2,488 | 10,583 |
| Virginia | 77,005 | 11,515 | 87,383 | 1,137 | 88,520 |
| Totals | 514,339 | 58,444 | 552,005 | 20,178 | 572,782 |
Persons over 20 years or age who cannot Read and Write.
| Free States. | Whites. | Free Colored. | White & Free Colored. | White & Free Colored. | White & Free Colored. |
| | | | Native. | Foreign. | Aggregate. |
| California | 5,118 | 117 | 2,318 | 2,917 | 5,235 |
| Connecticut | 4,739 | 567 | 1,293 | 4,013 | 5,306 |
| Illinois | 40,054 | 1,229 | 35,336 | 5,947 | 41,283 |
| Indiana | 70,540 | 2,170 | 09,445 | 3,265 | 72,710 |
| Iowa | 8,120 | 33 | 7,076 | 1,077 | 8,153 |
| Maine | 6,147 | 135 | 2,134 | 4,148 | 6,282 |
| Massachusetts | 27,539 | 806 | 1,861 | 26,484 | 28,345 |
| Michigan | 7,912 | 369 | 5,272 | 3,009 | 8,281 |
| New Hampshire | 2,957 | 52 | 945 | 2,064 | 3,009 |
| New Jersey | 14,248 | 4,417 | 12,787 | 5,878 | 18,605 |
| New York | 91,293 | 7,429 | 30,070 | 68,052 | 98,722 |
| Ohio | 61,030 | 4,990 | 56,958 | 9,062 | 66,020 |
| Pennsylvania | 66,928 | 9,344 | 51,283 | 24,989 | 76,272 |
| Rhode Island | 3,340 | 267 | 1,248 | 2,359 | 3,607 |
| Vermont | 6,189 | 51 | 010 | 5,024 | 6,240 |
| Wisconsin | 6,361 | 92 | 1,551 | 4,902 | 6,453 |
| Totals | 422,515 | 32,068 | 280,793 | 173,790 | 454,583 |
Lands appropriated by General Government for Educational Purposes to January 1, 1854.
| Slave States. | Acres for Schools. | Acres for Universities. |
| Missouri | 1,199,139 | 23,040 |
| Alabama | 902,774 | 23,040 |
| Mississippi | 837,584 | 23,040 |
| Louisiana | 786,044 | 46,080 |
| Arkansas | 886,460 | 46,080 |
| Florida | 908,503 | 46,080 |
| Tennessee | 3,553,824 | — — — — |
| Total | 9,074,328 | 207,360 |
Free States. Acres for Schools. Acres for Universites.
| Ohio | 704,488 | 23,040 |
| Indiana | 650,317 | 23,040 |
| Illinois | 978,755 | 23,040 |
| Michigan | 1,067,397 | 46,080 |
| Iowa 905, | 144 | 46,080 |
| Wisconsin | 958,648 | 46,080 |
| California | 6,719,324 | 46,080 |
| Total | 11,984,073 | 253,440 |
Newspaper and Periodical Press.
| Aggregate number of copies printed annually in Slave States | 92,165,919 |
| Aggregate number of copies printed annually in Free States | 334,146,081 |
Libraries.
| | Libraries. | Volumes. |
| Libraries other than Private in Slave States | 722 | 742,794 |
| Libraries other than Private in Free States | 14,902 | 3,882,217 |
CHARITIES.
Pauperism.— Whole Number of Persons June 1, 1850.
| Slave States. | Native. | Foreign. | Total. |
| Alabama | 306 | 9 | 315 |
| Arkansas | 67 | — — — | 67 |
| Delaware | 240 | 33 | 273 |
| Florida | 58 | 4 | 62 |
| Georgia | 825 | 29 | 854 |
| Kentucky | 690 | 87 | 777 |
| Louisiana | 76 | 30 | 106 |
| Maryland | 1,681 | 320 | 2,001 |
| Mississippi | 245 | 12 | 257 |
| Missouri | 251 | 254 | 505 |
| North Carolina | 1,567 | 13 | 1,580 |
| South Carolina | 1,118 | 180 | 1,293 |
| Tennessee | 577 | 14 | 594 |
| Texas | 4 | — — — | 4 |
| Virginia | 4,356 | 102 | 4,458 |
| Totals | 12,056 | 1,087 | 13,143 |
| Free States. | Native. | Foreign. | Total |
| California | — — — | — — — | — — — |
| Connecticut | 1,463 | 281 | 1,744 |
| Illinois | 279 | 155 | 434 |
| Indiana | 446 | 137 | 583 |
| Iowa | 27 | 17 | 44 |
| Maine | 3,209 | 326 | 3,535 |
| Massachusetts | 4,059 | 1,490 | 5,549 |
| Michigan | 248 | 181 | 429 |
| New Hampshire | 1,998 | 186 | 2,184 |
| New Jersey | 1,339 | 239 | 1,578 |
| New York | 5,755 | 7,078 | 12,833 |
| Ohio | 1,254 | 419 | 1,673 |
| Pennsylvania | 2,654 | 1,157 | 3,811 |
| Rhode Island | 492 | 204 | 696 |
| Vermont | 1,565 | 314 | 1,879 |
| Wisconsin | 72 | 166 | 238 |
| Totals | 24,860 | 12,350 | 37,210 |
CRIMINAL STATISTICS.
| Slave States. — Number in State Prisons and Penitentiaries: |
| Whites — Native | 988 |
| Foreign | 370 |
| Colored, including slaves | 323 |
| Total | 1,681 |
​Free States. — Number in State Prisons and Penitentiaries:
| Whites | —Native | 2,271 | |
| | Foreign | 1,129 | |
| Colored | 565 | Total | 3,965 |
INDUSTRY.
Farming Lands and Improvements.
| Slave States. | Cash value of Farms and Plantations. | Value of Farming Implements and Machinery. |
| Alabama | $64,323,224 | $5,125,663 |
| Arkansas | 15,265,245 | 1,601,296 |
| District of Columbia | 1,730,460 | 40,220 |
| Delaware | 18,880,031 | 510,279 |
| Florida | 6,323,109 | 658,795 |
| Georgia | 95,753,445 | 5,894,150 |
| Kentucky | 155,021,262 | 5,169,037 |
| Louisiana | 75,814,398 | 11,576,938 |
| Maryland | 87,178,545 | 2,463,443 |
| Mississippi | 54,738,634 | 5,762,927 |
| Missouri | 63,225,543 | 3,981,525 |
| North Carolina | 67,891,766 | 3,931,532 |
| South Carolina | 82,431,684 | 4,136,354 |
| Tennessee | 97,851,212 | 5,360,210 |
| Texas | 16,550,008 | 2,151,704 |
| Virginia | 216,401,543 | 7,021,762 |
| Totals | $1,119,380,109 | $65,386,045 |
Farming Lands and Improvements.
| Free States. | Cash value of Farms and Plantations | Value of Farming Implements and Machinery. |
| California | $3,874,041 | $103,483 |
| Connecticut | 72,726,422 | 1,892,541 |
| Illinois | 96,133,290 | 6,405,561 |
| Indiana | 136,385,173 | 6.704,444 |
| Iowa | 16,657,567 | 1,172,869 |
| Maine | 54,861,748 | 2,284,557 |
| Massachusetts | 109,076,347 | 3,209,584 |
| Michigan | 51,872,446 | 2,891,371 |
| New Hampshire | 55,245,997 | 2,314,125 |
| New Jersey | 120,237,511 | 4,425,503 |
| New York | 554,546,642 | 22,084,926 |
| Ohio | 358,758,603 | 12,750,585 |
| Pennsylvania | 407,876,099 | 14,722,541 |
| Rhode Island | 17,070,802 | 497,201 |
| Vermont | 63,367,227 | 2,739,232 |
| Wisconsin | 28,528,563 | 1,641,568 |
| Totals | $2,147,218,478 | $85,840,141 |
Manufactures, Mininq and Mechanic Arts.
| Slave States | Capital Invested. | Raw Material used. | Annual Product. |
| Alabama | $3,450,006 | $2,224,960 | $4,528,878 |
| Arkansas | 324,065 | 263,564 | 607,436 |
| District of Columbia | 883,965 | 1,339,146 | 2,493,008 |
| Delaware | 2,973,945 | 2,864,607 | 4,649,296 |
| Florida | 547,060 | 220,611 | 668,335 |
| Georgia | 5,460,483 | 3,404,917 | 7,086,525 |
| Kentucky | 12,350,734 | 12,170,225 | 24,588,483 |
| Louisiana | 5,313,074 | 2,958,988 | 7,320,948 |
| Maryland. | 14,753,143 | 17,326,734 | 32,477,702 |
| Mississippi | 1,833,420 | 1,290,271 | 2,972,038 |
| Missouri | 9,079,695 | 12,446,733 | 23,749,265 |
| North Carolina | 7,252,225 | 4,805,463 | 9,111,245 |
| South Carolina | 6,056,865 | 2,809,534 | 7,063,513 |
| Tennessee | 6,975,279 | 4,900,952 | 9,728,438 |
| Texas | 539,290 | 394,642 | 1,165,538 |
| Virginia | 18,109,993 | 18,103,433 | 29,705,387 |
| Totals | $95,918,842 | $87,529,785 | 167,906,035 |
Manufactures, Mining and Mechanic Arts.
| Free States. | Capital Invested. | Raw Material used. | Annual Product. |
| California | $1,006,197 | $1,201,154 | $12,862,522 |
| Connecticut | 23,890,348 | 23,589,397 | 45,110,102 |
| Illinois | 6,385,387 | 8,915,173 | 45,110,102 |
| Indiana | 7,941,602 | 10,214,337 | 18,922,651 |
| Iowa | 1,292,875 | 2,356,881 | 3,551,783 |
| Maine | 14,700,452 | 13,555,806 | 24,664,135 |
| Massachusetts | 83,357,642 | 85,856,771 | 151,137,145 |
| Michigan | 6,534,250 | 6,105,561 | 10,976,894 |
| New Hampshire | 18,242,114 | 12,745,466 | 23,164,503 |
| New Jersey | 22,184,730 | 21,992,186 | 39,713,586 |
| New York | 99,904,405 | 134,655,674 | 237,597,249 |
| Ohio | 29,019,538 | 34,677,937 | 62,647,259 |
| Pennsylvania | 94,473,810 | 87,206,377 | 155.044.910 |
| Rhode Island | 12,923,176 | 13,183,889 | 22.093.258 |
| Vermont | 5,001,377 | 4,173,552 | 8,570,920 |
| Wisconsin | 3,382,148 | 5,414,931 | 9,293,068 |
| Totals | $431,290,351 | $467,125,253 | $845,430,428 |
Rail Roads and Canals in 1854.
| | Miles of Canals | Miles of Railroads. | Cost of Railroads |
| Slave States | 1,116 | 4,212 | $92,620,204 |
| Free States | 3,682 | 13,105 | $396,980,924 |
Real and Personal Estate.
| Slave States. | Real Estate | Personal Estate including Slaves. | Total. |
| Alabama | $78,870,718 | $162,463,705 | $241,334,423 |
| Arkansas | 17,372,524 | 19,056,151 | 36,428,675 |
| District of Columbia | 14,409,413 | 1,774,342 | 16,183,755 |
| Delaware | 14,486,595 | 1,410,275 | 15,896,870 |
| Florida | 7,924,588 | 15,274,146 | 23,198,734 |
| Georgia | 121,619,739 | 213,490,486 | 335,110,225 |
| Kentucky | 177,013,407 | 114,374,147 | 291,387,554 |
| Louisiana | 176,623,654 | 49,832,464 | 226,456,118 |
| Maryland | 139,026,610 | 69,536,956 | 208,563,566 |
| Mississippi | 65,171,438 | 143,250,729 | 208,422,167 |
| Missouri | 66,802,223 | 36,793,240 | 98,595,463 |
| North Carolina | 71,702,740 | 140,368,673 | 212,071,413 |
| South Carolina | 105,737,492 | 178,130,217 | 283,867,709 |
| Tennessee | 107,981,793 | 87,299,565 | 195,281,358 |
| Texas | 28,149,671 | 25,414,000 | 53,563,671 |
| Virginia | 252,105,824 | 130,198,429 | 383,304,253 |
| Totals | $1,444,998,429 | $1,383,667,525 | $2,828,665,954 |
Real and Personal Estate.
| Free States. | Real Estate. | Personal Estate. | Total. |
| California | $16,347,442 | $5,575,731 | $21,923,173 |
| Connecticut | 96,412,947 | 22,675,725 | 119,088,672 |
| Illinois | 81,524,835 | 33,257,810 | 114,782,645 |
| Indiana | 112,947,740 | 39,922,659 | 152,870,399 |
| Iowa | 15,672,332 | 6,018,310 | 21,690,642 |
| Maine | 64,336,119 | 32,463,434 | 96,799,553 |
| Massachusetts | 349,129,932 | 201,976,892 | 551,106,824 |
| Michigan | 25,580,371 | 5,296,852 | 30,877,223 |
| New Hampshire | 67,839,108 | 27,412,488 | 95,251,596 |
| New Jersey | 153,151,619 | 30,000,000 | 183,151,619 |
| New York | 564,649,649 | 150,719,379 | 715,369,028 |
| Ohio | 337,521,075 | 96,351,557 | 433,872,632 |
| Pennsylvania | 427,865,660 | 72,410,191 | 500,275,851 |
| Rhode Island | 54,358,231 | 23,400,743 | 77,758,974 |
| Vermont | 57,320,369 | 15,660,114 | 72,980,483 |
| Wisconsin | 22,468,442 | 4,257,083 | 26,715,525 |
| Totals | $2,447,115,871 | $9767,398,968 | $3,214,514,839 |
| Value of Real Estate in Free States | $2,447,115,871 |
| Value of Real Estate in Slave States | 1,444,998,429 |
| Value of Personal Estate in Free States | $767,398,968 |
| Value of Personal Estate in Slave States including Slaves | 1,383,667,525 |
| Value of Personal Estate in Slave States excluding Slaves | 422,373,625 |
| Total value of Real and Personal Estate in Free States | $3,214,514,839 |
| Total value of Real and Personal Estate in Slave States including Slaves | $2,828,665,954 |
| Total value Real and Personal Estate in Slave States excluding Slaves | $1,867,372,054 |
Estimated average value of Slaves, in above calculation, $300.
Slave Labor Products in 1850.
| Cotton | $98,603,720 |
| Tobacco | 13,982,686 |
| Cane Sugar | 12,378,850 |
| Hemp | 5,000,000 |
| Rice | 4,000,000 |
| Molasses | 2,540,179 |
| $136,505,435 ||
Slave Population in America.
| In | United States | 3,204,313 |
| " | Brazil | 3,250,000 |
| " | Spanish Colonies | 900,000 |
| " | Dutch Colonies | 85,000 |
| " | South American Republics | 140,000 |