OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Angel de Saavedra Remírez de Baquedano

From volume 13 of the work.
Spanish poet and statesman, b. at Cordova, 10 March, 1791; d. at Madrid, 22 June, 1865. He was the second son of Juan Martín de Saavedra, Duque de Rivas, and succeeded to the title upon the death without issue of his elder brother in 1834. At eleven he entered the Seminario de Nobles at Madrid but left at sixteen to join the army. From 1808 to 1813 he took an active part in the Spanish War of Independence. From 1813 to 1820 he lived quietly in Seville, devoting his time to literary pursuits, and from 1820 to 1823 he distinguished himself as a member of the Cortes. He sided with the revolutionary party, and as a result, when Ferdinand VII came into power, he was forced to flee, escaping with difficulty to Gibraltar. From there he proceeded to London, and later to Malta where he remained five years during which he continued his literary activities, and then went to live in France. Upon the death of Ferdinand VII, he was able to return to Spain (1834). In 1836, he became minister of the interior in the cabinet headed by Isturiz, and in 1844 he was sent as ambassador to Naples where he remained until 1850. Besides being a poet of great merit, Saavedra had considerable skill as a painter, and during his exile in France, earned a living for himself and family by conducting a school for painting and by selling his pictures. But it is as a poet that he is best known. He published his first volume of "Poesias" in 1813 and in 1814, two tragedies, "Aliatur" and "El Duque de Aquitania". Only the first was presented. The works which place him in the front rank of Spanish poets are "El moro expósito", a narrative poem breathing a spirit of patriotism (1834), and the tragedy "Don Alvaro" (1835), presented with great success in Madrid and considered his best work. A complete edition of his works was published (5 vols., Madrid, 1854), under the title "Obras Completas", and in 1885 a complete edition with illustrations appeared ar Barcelona in two volumes.
DE BENA in La Biblioteca de Autores Espanoles, II (Madrid, 1848); CANETE, Autores dramaticos contemporaneos, I (Madrid, 1881).
VENTURA FUENTES
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Diocese of Sehna

From volume 13 of the work.
(SIHNAH or SEHANENSIS).
A Chaldean see, governed by a patriarchal administrator with episcopal rank. It was erected in 1853, its subjects being partly in Persia and partly in Turkey at Suleimanieh. It is likely to be united to the See of Kerkuk. The diocese was in fact administered by the Archbishop of Kerkuk about the middle of the nineteenth century. It contains 700 Catholics, 5 priests, 2 primary schools, and 2 chapels. Sehna or Sinna, the principal town, is in Persia.
Revue de l'Orient Chretien, I, 452; Miss. Cath. (Rome, 1907), 874.
S. VAILHÉ
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Diocese of Sejny

From volume 13 of the work.
(AUGUSTÓWO; SEJNESIS, or AUGUSTOVIENSIS).
A diocese in the northwestern part of Russian Poland near the border of East Prussia, of Russian Poland near the border of East Prussia, German Poland. Its territory formerly belonged to the Diocese of Vilna, but upon the first partition of Poland it fell to Germany. Consequently a separate ecclesiastical jurisdiction was desired, and so Pius VI, on 27 March, 1798, carved out the new diocese and established its see at the Camaldolese monastery of Wigry, a village about ten miles east of the present city of Suwalki. This monastery of Camaldoli was founded under the patronage of King Jagiello in 1418, and the Church of Our Lady, which became the cathedral, is now the parish church of Wigry. The first bishop of the diocese was the celebrated preacher Michael Francis Karpowicz (b. 1744; d. 1805). His successor was John Clement Golaszewski (b. 1748; d. 1820), who enlarged the Wigry cathedral. After the third partition of Poland this territory was ceded to Russia, and in 1818 the Church throughout the Polish kingdom was reorganized. By a Bull of Pius VII Warsaw was made the metropolitan see and the see of Wigry was changed to Augustówo, a city founded in 1561 by King Sigmund Augustus, after who, it was named, which is still the largest place in that section (population 65,690). The new cathedral and chapter there were inaugurated on December 8, 1819. The next bishop, Ignatius Czyzewski, the first to rule the newly named diocese, did not remain at Augustówo, but changed his place of residence in 1823 to Sejny, a town founded in 1522 by King Sigmund I, and which is about twenty miles east of Suwalki, the capital of the district. The succeeding bishop, Nicholas John Manugiewicz, established the diocesan seminary in 1830, and for many years resided sometimes at Augustówo and then at Sejny. His successor was Stanislaus Choromanski, afterwards Archbishop of Warsaw. Then next bishop, Straszynski, made the old Dominican church at Sejny his cathedral and entered it as bishop, 4 February, 1837. He was in frequent collision with the Russian authorities, and on his death in 1847 the see was kept vacant by the Russian Government until 1873. Constantine Lubienski was then made bishop, and on his death in 1869 at Nowgrodzie was succeeded by Bishop Wierbowski. His successor was Anthony Baranowdki, and the present bishop (1911) is Anthony Karas. Sejny has the cathedral church, chapter and consistory, the diocesan seminary and the hospital of St. Simon managed by the Sisters of Charity. The diocese is divided into eleven deaneries and has a Catholic population of 692,250. There are 119 parish churches and 20 subordinate ones, besides 100 chapels and 3 convents. The diocese has 352 secular priests, 4 regulars, 86 seminarians, 24 lay religious, besides 8 nuns and 26 Sisters of Charity. Owing to the Russian regulations against receiving novices and postulants, the regular clergy and monastic institutions are dying out.
BATTANDIER, Annuaire Pontificale (Paris, 1911); Slownik Geograficzny, X (Warsaw, 1900).
ANDREW SHIPMAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Diocese of Sinaloa

From volume 14 of the work.
DIOCESE OF SINALOA (SINALOENSIS)
Diocese in the Republic of Mexico, suffragan of the Archdiocese of Durango. Its area is that of the State of Sinaloa, 27,552 sq. miles, and its population (1910) 323,499. Culiacan, the capital of the state and residence of the bishop and governor, counts a population (1910) of 13,578. The present territory of Sinaloa was discovered in 1530 by the ill-reputed D. Nuño de Guzman who founded the city of San Miguel de Culiacan. A few Spaniards established a colony there. The province of Culiacan was soon obliged to face the terrors of war brought upon it by the barbarous cruelties of Nuño and his favourite, Diego Hernandez de Proaño. So frightened was Nuño by the terrible insurrection that he removed Proaño, placing in his stead Cristóbal de Tapia, whose humanitarian measures slowly restored confidence. Although colonized from the beginning of the sixteenth century, most of the territory, excepting a few strong places, was inhabited by fierce pagan tribes, for whose conversion the Jesuits laboured early in the seventeenth century. After having subdued and evangelized the Indians of the mission of Piaxtla in a comparatively short time, and after having turned over to the Bishop of Durango the settlements under their control, the Jesuits extended their domination over the Indians living in the northern part of the actual state and at the time of their expulsion (by decree of Charles III) they fruitfully administered the missions of Chinipas and Sinaloa. In Chinipas they had residences at Guasarapes, Santa Ana, Secora, Moris, Barbaroco, Santa Ines, Serocagui, Tubares, Satebó, Baborigame, Nabogame, and San Andres; in Sinaloa (misión del Fuerte) they had residences at Mocorito, Nio, Guazave, Chicorato, Mochicave, Batacosa, Conicari, Tehueco, Ocoroni, and Bacubirito. It is notable that the towns of the misión del Rio Yaqui, which now belong to the Diocese of Sonora, were then included in the mission of Sinaloa. When the See of Durango was founded in 1620, Sinaloa, which until then had belonged to the Diocese of Guadalajara, became part of it; on the foundation (1780) of the Diocese of Sonora, it became a part of the latter. However, the residence of the bishop, after having been successively at Arispe and Alamo, passed to Culiacan, capital of Sinaloa until 1883, when Leo XIII founded the Diocese of Sinaloa, which had formed part of the ecclesiastical province of Guadalajara, and the Bishop of Sonora removed to Hermosillo. In 1891, when the new archiepiscopal See of Durango was created, Sinaloa became one of its suffragans.
The diocese has 1 seminary with 18 students; 10 parochial schools; 3 colleges with 677 students.
Camillus Crivelli.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Diocese of Sessa-Aurunca

From volume 13 of the work.
(SUESSANA).
Diocese in Campania, Province of Caserta (Southern Italy). The city is situated on a hill in the midst of a fertile plain, and possesses a large and beautiful cathedral, built in 1113. A city of the Aurunci, it became a Roman colony 313 B.C. It was the birthplace of the poet Lucilius and of the philosopher Agostino Nifo. Local legend relates that the Faith was preached in Suessa (the Latin name of the city) by St. Peter himself. The inhabitants venerate as patron saint their Bishop, St. Castus, a martyr at the end of the third century. There still remain ruins of the ancient basilica dedicated to him, with which catacombs are still connected (cf. "Nuovo Bullettino d' Archeologia Cristiana", 1897, p. 140). The first bishop of certain date was Fortunatus (499); but until the end of the tenth century the names of the bishops are unknown. Of the others we mention: Erveo (1171), who rendered great services to the city, Pandulfo (1224), who donated the pulpit, adorned with mosaics, in the cathedral; Giovanni (1259), who embellished the cathedral; Angelo Geraldini (1462), a learned humanist; Galeazzo Florimonte (1552), who played an important part in the affairs of the Holy See under Paul III and Julius III, and published various works; Giovanni Placidi (1566), founder of the seminary; Ulisse Gherardini (1624), who restored the cathedral and the episcopal residence; Francesco Granata (1759), who promoted study in the seminary, and wrote various historical works. Later bishops were: Pietro de Felice (1797), who was cast into prison by the revolutionists; Ferdinando Girardi (1848), exiled in 1860. The diocese is suffragan of Capua; it contains 42 parishes with 56,750 souls and 90 secular clergy.
CAPPELLETTI, Le Chiese d'Italia, XX; DIAMARE, Memorie storico-critiche della Chiesa di Sessa Aurunca (Naples, 1906).
U. BENIGNI
# Calvin's Commentaries—Complete

* Genesis 1-23
* Genesis 24-50
* Harmony of the Law:
** Harmony of the Law:Vol 1
** Harmony of the Law:Vol 2
** Harmony of the Law:Vol 3
** Harmony of the Law:Vol 4
* Joshua
* Psalms:
** Psalms:1-35
** Psalms:36-66
** Psalms:67-92
** Psalms:93-119
** Psalms:119-150
* Isaiah:
** Isaiah:1-16
** Isaiah:17-32
** Isaiah:33-48
** Isaiah:49-66
* Jeremiah-Lamentations:
** Lamentations:1-9
** Lamentations:10-19
** Lamentations:20-29
** Lamentations:30-47
** Lamentations:48-52
* Ezekiel:
** Ezekiel:1-12
** Ezekiel:13-20
* Daniel:
** Daniel:1-6
** Daniel:7-12
* Hosea
* Joel-Amos-Obadiah
* Jonah-Micah-Nahum
* Habakkuk-Zephaniah-Haggai
* Zechariah-Malachi
* Harmony of the Gospels:
** Harmony of the Gospels:Vol 1
** Harmony of the Gospels:Vol 2
** Harmony of the Gospels:Vol 3
* John:
** John:1-11
** John:12-21
* Acts:
** Acts:1-13
** Acts:14-28
* Romans
* Corinthians:
** 1 Cor. 1-14
** 1 Cor. 15-16
** 2 Cor.
* Galatians-Ephesians
* Philippians-Colossians-Thessalonians
* Timothy-Titus-Philemon
* Hebrews
* Catholic Epistles
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# Calvin

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Calvin."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Calvin (1863), a biographical work about John Calvin by Félix Bungener (external scan)
* "Calvin", a short story by Charles Dudley Warner

## See also

* John Calvin
* Portal:Calvinism
# Calvert v. Pitt

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
CALVERT verʃus PITT.
T
And by M‘KEAN, Chieƒ Juʃtice, it was ftated, that conformably to the act of Affembly, the Defendant, after judgment was given againft him by a Juftice, ought to enter into a recognizance inʃtanter, with, a leaft, one good furety. He may afterwards withdraw his fecurity, or appeal to the Common Pleas within the fix days allowed by the act.
# Calvin's Commentaries—Complete/Genesis 1-23
## Preface

* Faceplate
* Translator's Preface
* Epistle of Thomas Tymme (In Olde English)
* The Author's Epistle Dedicatory
* The Argument

## Body

* Chapter 1 (Genesis 1:1-31)
* Chapter 2 (Genesis 2:1-25)
* Chapter 3 (Genesis 3:1-24)
* Chapter 4 (Genesis 4:1-26)
* Chapter 5 (Genesis 5:1-32)
* Chapter 6 (Genesis 6:1-22)
* Chapter 7 (Genesis 7:1-24)
* Chapter 8 (Genesis 8:1-22)
* Chapter 9 (Genesis 9:1-29)
* Chapter 10 (Genesis 10:1-32)
* Chapter 11 (Genesis 11:1-32)
* Chapter 12 (Genesis 12:1-20)
* Chapter 13 (Genesis 13:1-20)
* Chapter 14 (Genesis 14:1-24)
* Chapter 15 (Genesis 15:1-21)
* Chapter 16 (Genesis 16:1-16)
* Chapter 17 (Genesis 17:1-27)
* Chapter 18 (Genesis 18:1-33)
* Chapter 19 (Genesis 19:1-38)
* Chapter 20 (Genesis 20:1-18)
* Chapter 21 (Genesis 21:1-34)
* Chapter 22 (Genesis 22:1-24)
* Chapter 23 (Genesis 23:1-20)

## Indexes

* Index of Scripture References
* Index of Scripture Commentary
* Greek Words and Phrases
* Hebrew Words and Phrases
* Latin Words and Phrases
* German Words and Phrases
* French Words and Phrases
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Abrahamites

From volume 1 of the work.
​Abrahamites.—(1) Syrian heretics of the ninth century. They were called Brachiniah by the Arabs, from the name of their head, Ibrahim, or Abraham of Antioch. They denied the Divinity of Christ, and were looked on by some as allied to the Paulicians.—(2) A sect of Bohemian Deists. They claimed that they held what had been Abraham's religion before his circumcision. They believed in one God, but rejected the Trinity, original sin, and the perpetuity of punishment for sin, and accepted nothing of the Bible save only the Ten Commandments and the Lord's Prayer. On their refusal to adopt some one of the religions tolerated in Bohemia, Joseph II banished them to Transylvania in 1783. Some became converted later on to the Catholic Faith. There are still found in Bohemia some whose religious belief suggests that of the Abrahamites.—(3) Martyrs in the time of the Byzantine Emperor Theophilus, when a persecution of Catholics took place on account of the revival of the heresy of the Iconoclasts. At this time there was a monastery of monks in Constantinople called St. Abraham's. When the Emperor called on them to renounce the cult of holy images they defended the practice with ​great zeal, and were consequently subjected (832) to martyrdom.
Kirchenlex., I, 119, 120.
John J. a'Becket.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Abraham Ecchelensis

From volume 1 of the work.
​Abraham Ecchelensis, a learned Maronite, born in Hekel, or Ecchel (hence his surname), a village on Mount Lebanon, in 1600; died 1664 in Rome. He studied at the Maronite College in Rome, published a Syriac grammar (1628), and taught Syriac and Arabic at the College of the Propaganda. In 1630 he began to teach the same languages in the Royal College Paris, and to assist in editing Le Jay's "Polyglot Bible", working with Gabriel Sionita on the Syriac and Arabic texts and their Latin translation. He contributed III Mach. in Arabic, and Ruth in Syriac and Arabic, with a Latin translation. Abraham and Gabriel soon quarrelled, and the former wrote three letters explaining this difference, and defending his work against its depreciators, especially Valerian Flavigny. In 1642 he resumed his teaching in Rome, but returned to Paris in 1645; after eight years he again went to Rome, where he remained until his death. Among his many works we may mention: a "Synopsis of Arab Philosophy" (Paris, 1641); some disciplinary canons of the Council of Nice, according to Eastern attribution, though unknown to the Latin and Greek churches (Paris, 1641) "Abr. Ecchellensis et Leon. Allatii Concordantia Nationum Christianarum Orientalium in Fidei Catholicæ Dogmate" (Mainz, 1655); "De Origine nominis Papae, necnon de illius Proprietate in Romano Pontifice, adeoque de ejus Primatu contra Joannem Seldenum Anglum" (Rome, 1660); "Epistola ad J. Morinum de variis Græcorum et Orientalium ritibus"; "Chronicon Orientale nunc primum Latinitate donatum, cui Accessit Supplementum Historiæ orientalis (Paris, 1653); "Catalogus librorum Chaldæorum tam Eccl. quam profanor., Auctore Hebed-Jesu Latinitate Donatus et Notis Illustratus" (Rome,1653); a "Life of St. Anthony"; a Latin translation of Abulfath's "Paraphrase of Apollonius' Conic Sections, 5, 6, and 7."
Lamy, in Dict. de théol., cath. (Paris. 1903), 116; Biographie universelle, s. v. Abraham d'Ecch.
A. J. Mass.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Abraham Janssens

From volume 8 of the work.
Flemish painter, b. at Antwerp about 1573; d. probably in the same place about 1631. He is also known as Janssens Van Nuyssen, and several of his pictures are signed with this name, which it is believed he adopted from his mother's family with the object of distinguishing himself from other members of the Janssens family, contemporary artists. He was a pupil of Jan Snellinck in 1585, according to some writers, but it is believed that this date is a little too early, as, according to the accepted tradition, Janssens would then have been only twelve years old. The first date that we know for certain respecting him is that of his admission as a teaching master into the Guild of St. Luke, which was in 1601, and in the following year he married, and eventually had a family. One of his daughters, Anna, married Jan Breughel the younger, the son of "Velvet" Breughel, and the second of his sons, named Abraham like his father, became a painter, and was admitted a member of the Guild of Painters in 1636.
A story was started by Houbraken to the effect that Janssens was a bitter opponent of Rubens, but Houbraken's work is the only authority for this legend, and the author appears to have had a spite against Janssens, and to have said everything that was possible to injure his character. Janssens was a contemporary of Rubens, and a man who appears to have been very much respected in Antwerp, spoken of in terms of friendship and affection by other artists, and recognized as a man of great genius, taking a high position in the very first rank. It seems to be most unlikely that Houbraken's story is a truthful one, especially as there is no evidence whatever in other works to support it. The best of Janssens' pictures are to be seen at Antwerp, especially in the churches of the Carmelites and St. Charles, and in the cathedral, the painting of "The Entombment" in the Carmelite church being one of his very finest productions. There are three important paintings by him in the Antwerp Museum, two in the cathedral at Ghent, one in the cathedral at Bruges, a remarkable mythological scene representing Venus and Jupiter in Brunswick, and a fine picture of St. Cecilia at Cologne. Other galleries containing works by this important artist are those of Berlin, Brussels, Cassel, and Vienna. In at least two of his pictures he worked in collaboration with Snyders, the flowers and fruit in his picture of Pomona at Berlin, and the animals in his representation of Atalanta in the same gallery, having been painted by his friend. In splendour of colouring and in vigour of composition he was surpassed in his day only by Rubens, and was recognized in Antwerp as a man of profound talent and great skill. Many of his pictures were engraved.
HOUBRAKEN, De Groote Schouburgh der Nederlantsche (Amsterdam, 1718); KRAMM, De Lerens en Werken der Hollandsche (Amsterdam, 1857); ROMBOUTS, Le Liggeren et autres Archives, etc. (Paris, 1864).
GEORGE CHARLES WILLIAMSON
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Abraham van Diepenbeeck

From volume 4 of the work.
An erudite and accomplished painter of the Flemish School, b. at Bois-le-Duc in the Netherlands, 1599; d. at Antwerp, 1675. After having received a classical education he became one of Ruben's best pupils and assistants. He handled mythological and historical subjects, as well as portraits, with great skill and vigor and was a good, sound colourist. He went to Antwerp about 1629 and made his first successes in painting on glass, among his productions being windows in the cathedral there representing the "Acts of Mercy". Similar work at the church of the Dominicans shows scenes from the "Life of Saint Paul". Van Diepenbeeek was admitted to the guild of painters in 1638, and became director of the academy in 1641. It was after a visit to Italy that the artist began to paint chiefly in oil and to illustrate. Among his illustrations are fifty-eight designs engraved by Cornelis Bloemaert for the Abbe de Marolles' "Tableaux du Temple des Muses". During the reign of Charles I, van Diepenbeeek was in England where, besides painting portraits of the Duke of Newcastle and his family, the artist illustrated that nobleman's book on "Horsemanship".
At the church of the Carmelites in Antwerp is one of the painter's masterworks, "The Virgin in the Clouds with Saint Ely". In the cathedral is his "St. Norbert", while the saint appears with the first Abbot of St. Michel in a church at Deurne. In the galleries are: Louvre, "The Flight of Clcelia" and "Portraits of a Man and a Woman"; Vienna, a "Descent from the Cross" and "Allegory of Mortality"; Munich, "Abraham and the Angels" and "Feeding the Poor"; Dresden, "Neptune and Amphitrite"; Berlin, "The Marriage of St. Catherine" and the "Flight of Clcelia"; Brussels, "St. Francis Adoring the Holy Sacrament"; Antwerp, "The Eestasy of St. Bonaventure"; Brunswick, "The Entombment" and "Children's Bacchanal"; Frankfort, "Portraits of a Young Man and a Young Woman"; Bordeaux, "The Rape of Ganymede".
BRYAN, Dictionary of Painters and Engravers (London and New York, 1903-5); CHAMPLIN AND PERKINS, Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings (New York, 1886).
AUGUSTUS VAN CLEEF