OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Chitra/Preface

PREFACE
This lyrical drama was written about twenty-five years ago. It is based on the following story from the Mahabharata.
In the course of his wanderings, in fulfilment of a vow of penance, Arjuna came to Manipur. There he saw Chitrāngadā, the beautiful daughter of Chitravāhana, the king of the country. Smitten with her charms, he asked the king for the hand of his daughter in marriage. Chitravāhana asked him who he was, and learning that he was Arjuna the Pandara, told him that Prabhanjana, one of his ancestors in ​the kingly line of Manipur, had long been childless. In order to obtain an heir, he performed severe penances. Pleased with these austerities, the god Shiva gave him this boon, that he and his successors should each have one child. It so happened that the promised child had invariably been a son. He, Chitravāhana, was the first to have only a daughter Chitrāngadā to perpetuate the race. He had, therefore, always treated her as a son and had made her his heir. Continuing, the king said:
“The one son that will be born to her must be the perpetuator of my race. That son will be the price that I shall demand for this marriage. You can take her, if you like, on this condition.”
Arjuna promised and took ​Chitrāngadā to wife, and lived in her father’s capital for three years. When a son was born to them, he embraced her with affection, and taking leave of her and her father, set out again on his travels.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Basile, Adriana

Basile, Adriana. See BARONI.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Barton, Jusquin

Barton, Jusquin. A composer of the French school in the sixteenth century.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Barytone

Barytone, or BARITONE. This word means literally deep-toned, pertaining to or noting a grave, deep sound, or male voice. The barytone is the lowest but one, of the six registers, into which the scale of the human voice is commonly divided. It is, perhaps, the most common kind of male voice, lying between the bass and the tenor as to compass, and corresponding, at the distance of an octave, with the mezzo soprano, or middle female voice.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Basanier, Martin

Basanier, Martin. Author of a work entitled "Plusieurs beaux Secrets touchant in Theorie et in Pratique de in Musique," Paris, 1584.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Baruta

Baruta. A celebrated violinist at Padua about the year 1800.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Basilicapetri, Carlo

Basilicapetri, Carlo, Bishop of Novara, died in 1615. He wrote a work entitled "De Choreis."
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Baryphonus, Henry

Baryphonus, Henry, a skilful theorist, flourished about the year 1630, and was author of several treatises, particularly one in Latin, entitled "Plejades Musicae," which Walther styles excellent.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Barypicni

Barypicni. (Gr.) The ancients gave this name to five of the eight sounds, or principal chords, of their system, viz., the Hypate-Hypatou, the Hypate-Meson, the Mese, the Paramese, and the Nete-Diazeugmenon.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bartsch

Bartsch. A pianist in the orchestra at the theatre of Venice, and composer of some operas, about the year 1796.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/B/Bartsch, C. F

Bartsch, C. F. Author of a collection of airs, published at Halle, in 1792.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Altered triads

Altered triads. The diatonic dissonant triad has, by license, its third sometimes flattened and sometimes sharpened ; and thus are formed two altered triads, which are very seldom used. The German authors term these triads anomalous.
These altered triads consist of a major and an extreme flat third, and are consequently both chromatic.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Alternamente

Alternamente, or ALTERNATIVO. (I.) One after another, alternately. ALTERNATIONS. Changes rung on bells. See PEALS.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Alto clef

Alto clef. When the C clef is placed se that the two strokes enclose the middle line, it is called the counter tenor, or viola clef ; and also the alto and contralto. This borrows the two lower lines of the treble for its upper degrees, and the two upper lines of the bass for its lower degrees. The middle line is the added one between the treble and the bass. This clef is used in "Handel's 400 Songs." The nine degrees of the alto clef are,-
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Alto, altus

Alto, altus, or ALTO TENORE. Alto-is the term applied to that part of the great voce scale which lies between the mezzo soprano and the tenor, and which is assigned to the highest natural adult male voice. In scores it always signifies the counter tenor part. It is now used to indicate the tenor in instrumental music.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Altered notes

Altered notes. Changed, or varied. Accidentals placed before notes, such as a flat, a natural, or a sharp, alter them by raising or de-pressing the tone; and such notes are called altered notes.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Altist

Altist, or ALTISTA. The appellation formerly given to the vocal performer who took the alto primo part.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Altmann

Altmann published at Breslau, in 1718, a work entitled "Compendium Musicum."
ALTNIKOL, an organist in Saxony, pupil and son-in-law of Sebastian Bach, composed, in the middle of the last century, much church music.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Alto

Alto. At the commencement of the present century the alto of the female voice was unknown here ; the part, when made use of; being sustained by men. Old singing books will accordingly show you the alto written in counter tenor upon the high notes of the staff, an octave above where it now stands for the female voice. It may be added that the contralto part, of which the first effective employment was made by Rossini in duets for two female voices, within this period, is said to have been brought into favor by Grassini, the celebrated friend of the more celebrated Grisi, and by whom the latter was encouraged to-follow the path which led to her fame. - Dwight's Jour. Music.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Altissimo

Altissimo, or ALTISS. (I.) This wore (the superlative of alto) is applied to all notes situated above F in alt ; i. e., those notes which are more than an octave above F on the fifth line in the G, or treble clef.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Altitonans, altisonant

Altitonans, altisonant, or ALTISONOUS. High sounding. This compound adjective is found appended to the counter tenor parts of anthems, motets, and choral compositions of the sixteenth century, and was used to signify the highest of the parts intended for the natural adult male voice.
# Christmas Carol (Hemans)

as Felicia Dorothea Browne, 1812
* "Christmas Carol" in Hymns for Childhood
* "Christmas Carol" in The Domestic Affections, and Other Poems
# Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern/A Christmas Carol

An annotated version of this text is available.
A CHRISTMAS CAROL.
Wolcū zol þu mery mā in worchepe of þis holy day, Wolcū be þu heuene kyng, Wolcū born in on morwenȳg, Wolcū for hō we xal syng, Wolcū zol.
Wolcū be ze stefne & Jon, Wolcū jnnocetꝯ euꝛychon, Wolcū thomas martꝛon, Wolcū zol. Wolcū be ze good newe zer', Wolcū twelfþe day boþ$^e$ in fer, Wolcū seyntꝯ lef & der, Wolcū zol. ​Wolcū be ze candylmesse, Wolcū be ze qwȳ of blys, Wolcū boþe to mor & lesse, Wolcū zol. Wolcū be ze þ$^t$ arn her, Wolcū alle & mak good cher, Wolcū alle ā oþꝛ zer, Wolcū zol.
# Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern/A, my dere son

An annotated version of this text is available.
A, MY DERE SON.
A, my dere son, sayd mary, a, my dere, kys þ$^i$ moder Jhesu w$^t$ a lawghyng chere.
This endnes nyght I sawe a syght all in my slepe, Mary þ$^t$ may she sang lullay & sore did wepe. To kepe she sawght full fast a bowte her son fro colde; Joseph seyd, wiff, my joy, my leff, say what ye wolde; ​no thyng my spouse is In þ$^s$ howse unto my pay; my son a kyng þ$^t$ made all thyng lyth in hay. A my dere son.
my moder dere, a mend yo$^r$ chere, & now be styll; thus for to ly it is sothely my fadirs will. derision gret passion Infynytely, as it is fownde many a wownd suffyr shall I, of caluery that is so hye ther shall I be; man to restore naylid full sore uppon a tre. A my dere son.
# Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern/A Caroll Bringyng in the Bores Heed

A CAROLL
BRINGYNG IN THE BORES HEED.
Caput afri differo
Reddens 'laudes' domino.
The bores heed in hand bring I,
With garlans gay and rosemary,
I pray you all synge merely
Qui estis in convivio.
The bores heed, I vnderstande,
Is the 'chefe' seruyce in this lande;
Loke, where euer it be fande,
Seruite cum cantico.
Be gladde lordes, bothe more and lasse,
For this hath ordeyned our stewarde
To chere you all this Christmasse,
The bores heed with mustarde.
# Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern/A Song on the Ivy and the Holly

An annotated version of this text is available.
A SONG ON THE IVY AND THE HOLLY.
Nay iuy, nay, hyt shall not be, I wys, Let holy hafe þe maystry as þe maner ys.
Holy stond in þe hall fayre to behold, Iuy stond w$^t$out þe dore, she ys ful sore a cold. Nay iuy, &c. Holy & hys mery men þey dawnsyn & þey syng, Iuy and hur maydenys þey wepyn & þey wryng. Nay, &c. Ivy hath a lyve she laghtyt w$^t$ þe colde, So mot þey all ha fae þ$^t$ w$^t$ jvy hold. Nay iuy, nay, hyt, &c. ​Holy hat berys as rede as any rose, The foster þe hunters kepe hem fro þe dos. Nay iuy, nay, hyt, &c. Iuy hath berys as blake as any slo, Ther com þe oule & ete hym as she goo. Nay iuy, nay, hyt, &c. Holy hath byrdys a ful fayre flok, The nyghtyngale, þe perpyinguy, þe gayntyl lauyrok. Nay, &c. Gode iuy what byrdys ast þ$^u$? Non but þe howlat þ$^t$ kreye how how. Nay iuy, nay, hyt shal not, &c.
# Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern/Annotated/A, my dere son

This is a version of Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern/A, my dere son that has been annotated by the Wikisource community.
A, MY DERE SON.
A, my dere son, sayd mary, a, my dere, kys þⁱ moder Jηesu wᵗ a lawghyng chere.
This endnes nyght I sawe a syght
    all in my slepe,
Mary þᵗ may she sang lullay
    & sore did wepe.
To kepe she sawght full fast a bowte
    her son fro colde;
Joseph seyd, wiff, my joy, my leff,
    say what ye wolde;
no thyng my spouse is In þˢ howse
    unto my pay;
my son a kyng þᵗ made all thyng
    lyth in hay.
                   A my dere son.
my moder dere, a mend yoʳ chere,
    & now be styll;
thus for to ly it is sothely
    my fadirs will.
derision gret passion
    Infynytely,
as it is fownde many a wownd
    suffyr shall I,
of caluery that is so hye
    ther shall I be;
man to restore naylid full sore
    uppon a tre.
                   A my dere son.
# Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern/Annotated/A Song on the Ivy and the Holly

This is a version of Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern/A Song on the Ivy and the Holly that has been annotated by the Wikisource community.
A SONG ON THE IVY AND THE HOLLY.
Nay iuy, nay, hyt shall not be, I wys, Let holy hafe þe maystry as þe maner ys.
Holy stond in þe hall fayre to behold, Iuy stond wᵗout þe dore, she ys ful sore a cold.
                   Nay iuy, &c.
Holy & hys mery men þey dawnsyn & þey syng, Iuy and hur maydenys þey wepyn & þey wryng.
                   Nay, &c.
Ivy hath a lyve she laghtyt wᵗ þe colde, So mot þey all ha fae þᵗ wᵗ jvy hold.
                   Nay iuy, nay, hyt, &c.
Holy hat berys as rede as any rose, The foster þe hunters kepe hem fro þe dos.
                   Nay iuy, nay, hyt, &c.
Iuy hath berys as blake as any slo, Ther com þe oule & ete hym as she goo.
                   Nay iuy, nay, hyt, &c.
Holy hath byrdys a ful fayre flok, The nyghtyngale, þe perpyinguy, þe gayntyl lauyrok.
                   Nay, &c.
Gode iuy what byrdys ast þᵘ? Non but þe howlat þᵗ kreye how how.
                   Nay iuy, nay, hyt shal not, &c.
# Christmas Carols

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Christmas Carols."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Christmas Carols", a poem by Elizabeth Akers Allen
* "Christmas Carols", a poem by Christina Georgina Rossetti
# Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern/Annotated/A Christmas Carol

This is a version of Christmas Carols, Ancient and Modern/A Christmas Carol that has been annotated by the Wikisource community.
A CHRISTMAS CAROL.
Wolcu̅ ȝol þu mery ma̅ in worchepe of þis holy day,
       Wolcu̅ be þu heuene kyng,
       Wolcu̅ born in on morweny̅g,
       Wolcu̅ for ho̅ we xal syng,
                   Wolcu̅ ȝol.
       Wolcu̅ be ȝe stefne & Jon,
       Wolcu̅ jnnocetꝯ euꝛychon,
       Wolcu̅ thomas martꝛon,
                   Wolcu̅ ȝol.
       Wolcu̅ be ȝe good newe ȝerʼ,
       Wolcu̅ twelfþe day boþᵉ in fer,
       Wolcu̅ seyntꝯ lef & der,
                   Wolcu̅ ȝol.
       Wolcu̅ be ȝe candylmesse,
       Wolcu̅ be ȝe qwy̅ of blys,
       Wolcu̅ boþe to mor & lesse,
                   Wolcu̅ ȝol.
       Wolcu̅ be ȝe þᵗ arn her,
       Wolcu̅ alle & mak good cher,
       Wolcu̅ alle a̅ oþꝛ ȝer,
                   Wolcu̅ ȝol.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Havergal, Frances Ridley

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​HAVERGAL, FRANCES RIDLEY, an English author; born in Astley, Worcestershire, Dec. 14, 1836. She began to write hymns and letters in verse at the age of 7, but did not publish anything till 1860. She was a frequent contributor to “Good Words.” Among over 30 publications, which once enjoyed considerable popularity, may be noticed: “The Four Happy Days” (1873); “Under the Surface” (1874), poems; “Royal Graces and Loyal Gifts” (6 vols. 1879); “Under His Shadow” (1879); and a number of posthumous works by various editors. She died in Swansea, Wales, June 3, 1879.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Harvard, John

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
HARVARD, JOHN, an American clergyman; born in England in 1607. He was graduated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, England, and came to the United States in 1637. He was made a citizen of Massachusetts and given a tract of land in Charlestown, where he began preaching as a Congregational minister, and in his will bequeathed $3,750 and 320 volumes from his library for the establishment of a college. A granite monument was erected over his remains in Charlestown in 1828, and a memorial statue on the Delta at Harvard University was unveiled in 1884. See Harvard University.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Hartford City

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
HARTFORD CITY, a city of Indiana, the county-seat of Blackford co. It is on the Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis, and the Lake Erie and Western railroads. It is the center of an important natural gas and oil region and has manufactures of paper, tile, brick, wagons, and glass. Pop. (1910) 6,187; (1920) 6,183.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Hartford Theological Seminary

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
HARTFORD THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY, an institution for theological education, founded in 1834, at East Windsor Hill, Conn., as The Theological Institute of Connecticut. It was removed in 1865 to Hartford, and its name was changed to Hartford Theological Seminary. It was affiliated in 1902 with the Hartford School of Religious Pedagogy. It includes a department of missions, known as the Kennedy School of Missions in memory of John Stewart Kennedy. The library contains over 100,000 volumes. In 1919 there were 12 instructors and 48 students. President, W. D. MacKenzie, D. D.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Havelock, Sir Henry

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​HAVELOCK, SIR HENRY, an English general; born in 1795. In 1856 he commanded a division of the army which invaded Persia. In 1857, upon the breaking out of the Sepoy mutiny, he made a forced march from Allahabad to Cawnpur, but reached the latter city too late to prevent the massacre which occurred there. After defeating the rebels in three different engagements, he continued his march toward Lucknow, then beleaguered by a formidable force of mutineers. After victoriously fighting eight more battles with the enemy, he fought his way through the besieging army around Lucknow, and accomplished the relief of its exhausted garrison. For this service he received general rank, was created a baronet, and decorated with the cross of the Bath. He died in 1857.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Hartford

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
HARTFORD, a city, capital of the State of Connecticut, port of entry and county-seat of Hartford co.; on the Connecticut river and on the New York, New Haven and Hartford, and the New England and New York railroads; 36 miles N. E. of New Haven. It is an important commercial and manufacturing city, and
besides it is noted for its many insurance companies. Area, 17 square miles.
Public Interests. — The city is lighted by electricity, has a waterworks system with 115 miles of mains owned by the city, 115 miles of streets, of which 84 miles are paved, and 89 miles of sewers. It is the seat of Trinity College, Hartford Congregational Theological Seminary, American Asylum for the Deaf, Insane Retreat, Old People's Home, and the High School, Young Men's Christian Association building. There are a Roman Catholic Cathedral (St. Joseph's), and many elegant churches, a large free public library, and several valuable libraries connected with the educational institutions of the city. The City Hall and Capitol Buildings are the two most famous buildings in Hartford. The former was used as a State House for nearly 100 years and housed the famous Hartford Convention. Near the City Hall is the Center Church, which was constructed in 1807, and has adjoining a burying ground which was in use from 1640 to 1803. Opposite is the Wadsworth Atheneum, containing the Connecticut Historical Society, the Hartford Public Library, and the Morgan Memorial. These three are noted buildings in Hartford, and contain many works of art, rare collections of paintings and books. A few blocks away from the center of the city is a tablet which marks the site of the Charter Oak, a famous old tree, in the hollow of which was hidden the Connecticut Charter to save it from Sir Edmund Andros. The State House is an imposing structure completed in 1880 at a cost of $3,100,000, having its main approach by way of a bridge over Park river, on which bridge a soldiers' memorial arch has been built.
Business Interests. — The city's manufactures are varied and extensive, including machinery, tools, firearms, bicycles, carriages, sewing machines, typewriters, nails, boilers, engines, hosiery, brass goods, woolens, tobacco, silver and plated ware, stoneware, etc. In 1919 there were 4 National banks. The exchanges at the United States clearing house during 1919 amounted to $427,118,000.
History. — The first settlement was made by the Dutch in 1623, but it was not till 1636 that a permanent settlement, called Newton, was made by the English. The name was changed to Hartford in 1637. The Dutch were banished from Connecticut in 1654, and in 1687 an attempt was made by the English Governor Andros to seize the Charter, which was thwarted by hiding it in the Charter Oak. The city was incorporated
in 1784 and became the State capital in 1873. Pop. (1910) 98,915; (1920) 138,036.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Haverford College

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
​HAVERFORD COLLEGE, an educational institution in Haverford, Pa.; founded in 1833, by the Society of Friends, under the name of Haverford School, and was made a college in 1856. It possesses a well-selected library, a chemical laboratory, philosophical apparatus, mineralogical and geological cabinets, an astronomical observatory and a gymnasium. It was the first collegiate institution founded and conducted entirely within the Society of Friends, and since 1849 others besides the sons of Friends have been admitted. In 1919 it reported: Professors and instructors, 25; students, 200; volumes in the library, 80,000; president, William Wistar Comfort, Ph. D.; Litt. D., L.L. D.
# Collier's New Encyclopedia (1921)/Harvard Observatory

Edition of 1921; disclaimer.
HARVARD OBSERVATORY, in Cambridge, Mass., founded in 1843, equipped with a 15-inch Merz & Mahler equatorial in 1847, with an 8¼-inch Troughton & Simms meridian-circle in 1870, with various photometers by Professor Pickering since 1876, and with a large number and variety of photographic telescopes, a part of the largest of them being loaned to the observatory by Mrs. Henry Draper since 1835. It is the richest endowed and in some respects (especially photographically) the best equipped observatory in the world.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Apolloni, Chevalier Giovanni

Apolloni, Chevalier Giovanni, was born at Arezzo. He composed the grand operas of "Argia," "Astiage," and of "Schiaro Regio," upon according to the value or the length of the note. It is a small leading note, or note of embellishment, placed before the principal note, on the accented part of the measure, and borrows half its time, unless it should occur before a pointed note, in which case the appoggiatura takes the time of the note, and the point takes the time of the appoggiatura. This, however, is not an arbitrary rule, performers being at liberty to vary their length according to their judgment.
Remember, that since the appoggiatura is a small note, reversed and added to other notes for the sake of expression, whatever length is given to the small note must be taken out of the time of the principal note, which is the note immediately after it. There are two sorts of appoggiaturas, the greater and the lesser. The greater appoggiatura is most frequently used in slow movements ; and at the end of a strain, when properly performed, sets off the performance to the utmost advantage. (See examples above.) The lesser appoggiatura is chiefly made use of in quick movements ; and when it occurs, is always slurred immediately into the note to which it belongs. It is also placed at the beginning of a lesson or piece of music, to take off that harsh and disagreeable effect which it otherwise would have, were it not for the appoggiatura.
The appoggiatura has been termed a leaning note, from its frequently bearing the expression of a concluding cadence, or from its deciding the climax of a musical period. It is called preparative from its causing a suspension of the resolution of a chord. An appoggiatura is a note of decoration. In slow movements, its chief office is to soften and-smooth the effect of certain distances, and, by dwelling upon a note of any chord, to retard the completion of the subsequent harmony. In bold, energetic, and voluble movements, a chain of appoggiature not only serves to link the greater intervals, but affords the singer, or player, full scope for the display of flexibility in voice or finger, and for the employment of intonation and impassioned expression. The appoggiatura not being always in consonance with the bags and other parts, to avoid a visible breach of the laws at' harmony it is generally written in a small note.
The appoggiatura may be placed either above or below the principal note, of which it may borrow half the value, and is then accented more strongly
than the note which follows it.
The appoggiatura, in an harmonic point of view, forms the highest class of discords ; as in the following combination, every note of the scale is struck, of which the upper four resolve them selves as appoggiatura notes into the common chord.
When so employed, the harmony may be said to be suspended; but when substantially or emphatically used, this combination is termed the chord of the thirteenth.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Aquinus

Aquinus, a Dominican of Suabia, wrote about the year 1494, a treatise on the proportions of numbers and sounds.
# Complete Encyclopaedia of Music/A/Aquino, Joseph

Aquino, Joseph. An excellent comic musical performer at Milan in 1683.