OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kot

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kot. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kot (1.), Kote, feminine, ‘cot’; properly a Low German word; Low German kote, kot, Dutch kot, ‘hut’; corresponding to Anglo-Saxon cot, neuter, and cote, feminine, ‘hut’; from the former English cot is derived (English cottage is the same word with a Romance suffix; compare Middle Latin cotagium, Old French cotage), from the latter came cote in dove-cote and sheep-cote, compare Scandinavian kot, neuter, ‘small farm.’ Gothic *kut, neuter, or *kutô, feminine, is wanting. The widely ramified class is genuinely Teutonic, and passed into Slovenian (Old Slovenian kotĭcĭ, ‘cella’) and Keltic (Gaelic cot). Romance words have also been derived from it — Modern French cotte, cotillon, Italian cotta, all of which denote some article of dress, though this sense does not belong to the Teutonic word (English coat, at all events, is probably derived from Romance). The Teutonic word means only ‘apartment, hut, room of a house’; gudo- is perhaps the pre-historic form. — Kotsasse, also by assimilation Kossasse, Kossat, Kotse, ‘person settled in a small farm’; also spelt Kötter.
Kot (2.) masculine, ‘dirt, mire, dung,’ from the equivalent Middle High German kôt, quât, kât, neuter, Old High German quât; Gothic *qêda-, ‘dirt,’ is wanting. Prop. neuter adjective; Middle German quât, Modern Dutch kwaad, ‘wicked, ugly, rotten’ (Middle English cwêd, ‘bad’). Unflat and Unrat are in the same way veiled terms for stercus. In its pre-Teutonic form guêtho, Kot might be related by gradation to Indian gûtha, Zend gûtha, ‘dirt, excrementa,’ so that the Teutonic substantive may have been formed from the adjective even in prehistoric times; the Sanscrit and Zend word seems, however, to be connected with the Indian root gu, ‘caccare’ (Old Slovenian govĭno, neuter, ‘dirt’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kotze

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kotze. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kotze, feminine, ‘coarse cloth,’ from Middle High German kotze, masculine, ‘coarse, shaggy woollen stuff, cover or garment made of it,’ Old High German chozzo, masculine, chozza, feminine; compare Old Saxon cot (tt) ‘woollen cloak, coat’; a specifically German word, wanting in Gothic, Scandinavian, and English. The Romance words mentioned under Kot (1) — French cotte, ‘petticoat,’ Italian cotta — seem to have been borrowed from German, since in Old High German other words belong to the same class, Old High German umbîchuzzi, ‘upper garment,’ umbichuzzen, verb, ‘amicire.’ On the assumption that Kotze is a genuine Teutonic word, some have connected it with Greek βεῦδος (from the root gud), ‘woman's dress.’ Middle English cote, English coat are certainly of Romance origin, Old French cote, Middle Latin cotta. Compare Kutte.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kracke

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kracke. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kracke, feminine, ‘sorry nag,’ Modern High German only, of obscure origin. Perhaps akin to Dutch kraak, French caraque, ‘clumsily built merchant ship’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kossat

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kossat. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kossat, see Kot (1).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krabbe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Krabbe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krabbe, feminine, ‘crab,’ borrowed, like most words with medial bb, from Low German; compare Middle Low German krabbe, Dutch krab, Anglo-Saxon crabba, English crab, Scandinavian krabbi; the strictly High German, i.e. permutated, form Krappe, appears in the 16th century, yet the word was native only to the maritime Teutons. Krebs is from a cognate stem, but Greek κάραβος, Latin carabus, ‘sea-crab,’ are neither primary allied, nor are they the forms from which the Teutonic words were borrowed. French crabe, ‘crabfish,’ is most closely connected with the Teutonic and with the Latin word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krach

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Krach. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krach, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German krach, Old High German chrah, ‘crack, crash.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kornelle

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kornelle. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kornelle, feminine, ‘cornel-cherry,’ even in Old High German cornul, cornul-baum, from Middle Latin cornolium (French cornouille, Italian corniolo); a derivative of Latin cornus, feminine, ‘cornel-cherry’; compare Anglo-Saxon corntreô, English cornelian-tree.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kost

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kost. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kost (1.), feminine, ‘cost,’ from Middle High German koste kost, feminine and masculine, ‘value, price, expense,’ even in Old High German kosta, feminine; borrowed in the Old High German period from Middle Latin costus, masculine, costa, feminine (compare Italian costo, masculine, French coût, masculine, Spanish costa, feminine; ultimate source Latin constare, ‘to come to, cost’). From Romance are derived Middle English costen, English to cost, whence Scandinavian kosta, ‘to cost.’
Kost (2.), feminine (in the 16th century also masculine), ‘board,’ from Middle High German koste, kost, feminine, ‘living, food, victuals’; compare Scandinavian kostr, masculine, ‘victuals, provisions.’ In Scandinavian as in the German word, the meanings of (1) and (2) overlap; at all events (2) is a later development of (1). We must certainly assume that the Scandinavian loan-word kostr, ‘expense, victuals,’ was confused with an Old Teutonic word which would be most closely connected with Gothic kustus, masculine, ‘trial, proof,’ and gakusts, ‘test’; Old Icelandic kostr, masculine, ‘choice, condition, circumstances.’ With regard to these nouns see kiesen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kote

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kote. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kote, Köte, feminine, ‘pastern joint,’ Modern High German only, from Low German kote; compare Modern Dutch koot, Frisian kate, feminine, ‘knuckle-bone.’ No other cognates are found.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kraft

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kraft. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kraft, feminine, ‘strength,’ from Middle High German kraft, Old High German chraft, feminine, ‘strength, power, force of an army, multitude, abundance’; compare Old Saxon craft, masculine and feminine, Dutch kracht; Anglo-Saxon crœft, masculine, with the High German meanings, also ‘mental capacity, art, science,’ hence English craft (the corresponding crafty shows prominently the last specialisation of meaning within the mental sphere); Old Icelandic kraptr, masculine, ‘strength,’ Modern Icelandic krœfr, ‘strong,’ exhibits the stem without the dental suffix; yet Old Icelandic krefja, ‘to beg, demand, challenge,’ as well as Anglo-Saxon crafian, English to crave, seems, on account of its meaning, not to be connected with the substantive. No certain cognates are found in the non-Teutonic languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karfreitag

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Karfreitag. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karfreitag, masculine, ‘Good Friday,’ from the equivalent Middle High German karvrîtac, mostly kartac, masculine; Karwoche, ‘Passion Week,’ is also current even in Middle High German. The first part of the compound is Old High German chara, feminine, ‘lamentation. mourning’ (charasang, ‘elegy’). This Old Teutonic word for Klage, ‘lament,’ as distinguished from the other synonyms, signifies properly the silent, inward mourning, not the loud wailing, for in Gothic the cognate kara, feminine, means ‘care,’ Anglo-Saxon cearu, feminine, ‘care, suffering, grief,’ English care. A corresponding verb signifying ‘to sigh’ is preserved in Old High German quëran (Gothic *qaíran). Other derivatives of the Teutonic root kar, qer, are wanting. See also karg.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karfunkel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Karfunkel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karfunkel, masculine, ‘carbuncle,’ from Middle High German karbunkel, masculine, with the variant karfunkel, probably based on Middle High German vunke, Modern High German Funke; b is the original sound, for the word is based upon Latin carbunculus (compare English carbuncle, Modern French escarboucle).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karbatsche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Karbatsche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karbatsche, feminine, ‘hunting-whip,’ ​rowed from Slavonic like Kantschu and Peitsche in Modern High German; Polish karbacz, Bohemian karabáč (from Turk. kęrbač).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Karch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karch, masculine, ‘dray,’ from the equivalent Middle High German karrech, karrich, Old High German charrū̆k (hh), masculine. Probably current even in the 8th century on the Upper and Middle Rhine, as may be inferred from the initial h, ch (compare Pferd). It is based upon the late Latin carruca, ‘honoratorum vehiculum opertum, four wheeled travelling car’ (a derivative of carrus; compare Karren); French charrue, ‘plough,’ is likewise based upon Latin carrûca, which also signifies ‘plough’ in Middle Latin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karpfen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Karpfen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karpfen, masculine, ‘carp,’ from the equivalent Middle High German karpfe, Old High German charpho, masculine; compare English carp; allied to Old Icelandic karfe. It cannot be decided whether Karpfen is a real Teutonic word; probably Middle Latin carpo, French carpe, and Italian carpione are derived from Teutonic. In Keltic too there are cognate terms for ‘carp,’ Welsh carp; compare also Russian karpŭ, koropŭ, Servian krap, Lithuanian kárpa, ‘carp.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karde

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Karde. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karde, feminine, ‘fuller's thistle,’ from Middle High German karte, feminine, Old High German charta, feminine, ‘teasel, the instrument made from the thistle and used by cloth-weavers for carding wool.’ The final source is Middle Latin cardus, carduus, ‘thistle’ (French chardon, Italian cardo), the d of the Modern High German word compared with the t of Old High German and Middle High German is due to the word, which was naturalised about the 7th century, being based anew on the Latin form. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karg

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Karg. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karg, adjective, ‘sparing, niggardly,’ from Middle High German karc (g), ‘prudent, cunning, sly, stingy’; in Old High German charag, ‘sad’; a derivative of the Old Teutonic kara, ‘care,’ discussed under Karfreitag. From the primary meaning ‘anxious,’ the three significations ‘sad,’ ‘frugal,’ and ‘cunning’ might be derived; compare Anglo-Saxon čearig, ‘sad,’ and English chary, allied to English care. The syncope of the vowel in Middle High German karc compared with Old High German charag is normal after r.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karre

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Karre. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karre, feminine, Karren, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German karre, masculine and feminine, Old High German charra, feminine, charro, masculine, ‘cart’; the High German words and also the English car (Old Icelandic kerra) are based on Middle Latin carrus, masculine, carra, feminine, and their Rum. derivatives (Modern French char, ‘car’). Latin carrus, ‘four-wheeled transport waggon,’ is again of Keltic origin (Gaelic carr, Breton karr); compare Karch, Pferd. — Kariole, Karriole, feminine, Kariol, neuter, ‘jaunting car,’ simply Modern High German from French carriole. — Kärrner, masculine, ‘carter.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Karbe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Karbe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Karbe, Karve, feminine, ‘caraway,’ from the equivalent Middle High German karwe and karne, feminine; allied to French and Italian carvi, ‘caraway.’ The usual assumption that this word as well as English caraway is based on Latin careum (Greek κάρον), ‘caraway,’ is not quite satisfactory, hence the influence of Arabic al-karavîa is assumed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kardetsche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kardetsche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kardetsche, Kardätsche, feminine, ‘carder's comb’; a derivative of Karde.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zweite

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zweite. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zweite, ordin. of zwei, ‘second,’ a Modern High German form. The form in Middle High German is ander, Old High German andar, ‘the other’; see ander.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwier

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zwier. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwier, adverb, ‘twice,’ earlier Modern High German, from the equivalent Middle High German zwir, Old High German zwirôr, zwiro; compare Old Icelandic tysvar, tvis-var (-var corresponding to Sanscrit vâra, ‘time’). Old High German drirôr, ‘thrice,’ is similarly formed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwar

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zwar. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwar, adverb, ‘indeed, truly, of course,’ from Middle High German zwâre, ze wâre, ‘in truth,’ Old High German zi wâre (Middle High German wâr, neuter, ‘truth,’ an adjective used as a substantive). Connected, like fürwahr (Middle High German vür war, ‘truly), with wahr.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwicken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zwicken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwicken, verb, ‘to pinch, twitch, peg,’ from Middle High German zwicken, ‘to fasten with nails, squeeze in, pinch, tug,’ Old High German *zwicchên; compare Low German twikken, AB. twiččian, Middle English twicchen, English to twitch (see zwacken, Zweck).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwiefach

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zwiefach. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwiefach, adjective, ‘twofold, double,’ from the equivalent Middle High German zwifach; for the meaning of the second component see Fach. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwiefältig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zwiefältig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwiefältig, adjective,‘twofold,’ from the equivalent Middle High German zwivaltic (also in Middle High German and Old High German zwivalt); compare falt. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwei

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zwei. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwei, numeral, ‘two,’ from the equivalent Middle High German zwëne, masculine, zwô, feminine, zwei, neuter; Old High German zwêne, masculine, zwo, feminine, zwei, neuter; common to Teutonic and Aryan. Compare Old Saxon twêne, masculine, twô, twâ, feminine, twei, neuter; Gothic twai, masculine, twôs, feminine, twa, neuter; Anglo-Saxon twêgen, masculine, twô, feminine, tû, neuter; English two, Dutch twê, Old Frisian twêne, masculine, twâ, feminine, twâ, neuter; Old Icelandic tveir, masculine, tvœr, feminine, tvau, neuter; Swedish tvâ, Danish to, tvende, masculine, to, feminine, to, neuter. Compare further zwanzig and zwölf. Corresponding in the non-Teutonic languages to Sanscrit dva, Zend dva, Greek δύο, Latin duo, Old Irish dá, Lithuanian dù, Russian dva. In earlier Modern High German the forms for the different genders were kept separate (zween, masculine, zwo, feminine, zwei, neuter), until in the 17th century the neuter form became the prevalent one. For further cognates see Zweifel and Zwist. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zween

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zween. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zween, numeral, see zwei.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zwie-

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zwie-. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zwie-, in compounds ‘two,’ from Middle High German and Old High German zwi-, Low German twi-, Dutch twee-, Old Icelandic tuî-, Anglo-Saxon twi-, Gothic *tvi-. It is the form of the numeral zwei as the first element of a compound; compare in the non-Teutonic languages δι- (from δϝι-), Latin bi-, Sanscrit dvi-, used in a similar way.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/zweierlei

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry zweierlei. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ zweierlei, adverb and adjective, ‘of two kinds, twofold,’ from Middle High German zweier leige, ‘of a double sort’; compare -lei.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/passieren

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/passieren | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ passieren, vb., ‘to befall, happen, occur to,’ from Fr. se passer.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/pfeifen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/pfeifen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ pfeifen, ‘to pipe,’ from MidHG. pfîfen, from Lat. pipare, from which we should have expected an OHG. wk. vb. *pfîfôn.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/pfuschen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/pfuschen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ pfuschen, vb., ‘to bungle, botch,’ ModHG. only, of obscure origin. Allied to the equiv. Fr. bousiller?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/pappeln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/pappeln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ pappeln, vb., ‘to babble, prate,’ ModHG. only, an onomatopoetic term (comp. Fr. babiller), but linked perhaps to the equiv. LG. babbeln, Du. babbelen (MidE. babelen, E. to babble), whence the ModHG. form may be derived by permutation.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/paschen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/paschen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ paschen, vb., ‘to smuggle,’ ModHG. only, probably from Fr. passer, Ital. passare, ‘to go beyond,’ with ‘frontier’ understood.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/pauschen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/pauschen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ pauschen, bausen, vb., ‘to puff up, blow up,’ ModHG. only, formed from Fr. poncer, ‘to pounce,’ and ébaucher, ‘to sketch’ (hence the dial. form durchponsen).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/pflücken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/pflücken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ pflücken, vb., ‘to pluck, gather,’ from the equiv. MidHG. pflücken (MidG. pflocken); OHG. *pflucchen is by chance not recorded; comp. Du. plukken, AS. pluccian (AS. *plyččan may be inferred from MidE. plicchen), E. to pluck, OIc. plokka, ‘to pluck’ (birds). Since the word is so widely diffused in OTeut. (it is wanting only in UpG.; yet note Swiss blucke, ‘to pluck,’ from the prim. form *bluggôn) there is absolutely no foundation for supposing that it has been borrowed. If it be assumed that the cognates found their way to the North with the South Europ. culture of the vine in the 2nd or 3rd cent., from Ital. piluccare, ‘to gather grapes’ (Prov. pelucar, ‘to pluck out,’ Fr. éplucher), then the early existence of the Rom. word must be more definitely established.