# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barham, Henry

​BARHAM, HENRY, F.R.S. (1670?–1726), a writer on natural history, was born about 1670, and was descended from the Barhams of Barham Court in Kent. In books of reference he has hitherto been confounded with his son, Henry Barham, M.D. The main events of his life are recorded by himself in one of his letters to Sir Hans Sloane (Sloane MS. 4036, pp. 357–358). His father, a physician, intended to give him a university education, but died before he could carry out his wishes. As the mother married soon afterwards, the boy, then about fourteen years of age, was left to his own resources, and became apprentice to a surgeon. This situation he left to become surgeon's mate in the Vanguard, from which he was promoted to be master surgeon in another man-of-war. Tiring of the monotony of his life he went to Spain, thence to Madras, and thence to Jamaica. As in 1720 (Add. MS. 22639, f. 19) he refers to his son as having practised physic and surgery in Jamaica for the last twenty years, he himself had probably settled in the island twenty years before the end of the century. According to his own account he obtained a lucrative practice, and was appointed surgeon-major of the military forces in the island. About 1716 he came to England and settled at Chelsea, devoting his chief attention to the rearing of the silkworm and the manufacture of silk, on which subject he published a treatise in 1719. His name appears in 1717 on the list of members of the Royal Society, and he states also that shortly after he came to England he was made free of the Company of Surgeons, but his hopes of obtaining the diploma of M.D. do not appear to have been fulfilled, for the only change that occurs in his designation on the roll of the Royal Society is from ‘Mr.’ to ‘Esquire.’ In his application, in 1720, for the situation of mineral superintendent to a company formed to prosecute silver mining in Jamaica (Add. MS. 22639, ff. 18–20), he stated that his business prospects were so good that he could not sacrifice them for less than 500l. a year. He received the situation on his own terms; but the enterprise, which had been undertaken chiefly through his representations, proved a complete failure, and though a year's salary was due to him it was never paid. He continued, however, to reside in Jamaica till his death at Spanish Town in May 1726 (Sloane MS. 4036, p. 377). A memorial tablet is in the cathedral at Spanish Town (Roby's Monuments of Spanish Town, p. 38).
Barham states that after he came to Jamaica ​he ‘read many books, especially physical.’ His letters and manuscripts indicate that in early life his education had been much neglected; but although apt also to be led astray by fantastic and utopian ideas, he possessed undoubtedly great ingenuity and a very minute knowledge of the fauna and flora of Jamaica. Logwood, now so common there, was introduced by him in 1715. Sir Hans Sloane, who refers to him in terms of high commendation, received from him many valuable communications, of which he made large use in his ‘Natural History of Jamaica.’ Among these was a treatise, ‘Hortus Americanus,’ sent in 1711. This treatise was published in 1794 with a preface in which it is stated to be the work of Henry Barham, M.D., who, it is added, practised as a physician in Jamaica from the beginning of the century, and after acquiring large property by marriage returned to England in 1740 and settled at Staines near Egham. The Henry Barham thus referred to was the son of Henry Barham, F.R.S., but that the father was the author of the book is proved beyond all doubt by letters in the Sloane MSS. (4036). Henry Barham, F.R.S., wrote also a ‘History of Jamaica,’ which his son, after his death, sent to Sir Hans Sloane, ‘to see the best method of printing it,’ but it was never published. The original copy, in the handwriting of the father, and inscribed ‘wrote by Henry Barham, Senr. F.R.S.,’ is in the British Museum (Sloane MS. 3918). In another copy, in a different hand (Add. MS. 12422), there is a note by E. Long erroneously attributing the work to Henry Barham, M.D. Barham also wrote two papers for the Royal Society: ‘An Account of a Fiery Meteor seen in Jamaica to strike the Earth,’ Phil. Trans. 1718, Abrev. vi. p. 368; and ‘Observations on the Produce of the Silkworm and of Silk in England,’ 1719, Abrev. vi. p. 426.
T. F. H.