OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Executive Order 1044

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Incorporated into Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge by Public Law 96-487 (Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act), December 2, 1980.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Saturday, February 27, 1909
It is hereby ordered that two small islands of the Pribilof group, located approximately in latitude fifty-seven degrees north, longitude one hundred and seventy degrees west from Greenwich, in Bering Sea, Alaska, known as Walrus island and Otter island, and located within the area segregated by the broken line upon the diagram hereto attached and made a part of this order, be and the same are hereby reserved, subject to the provisions of section nineteen hundred and fifty-six, Revised Statutes, relating to fur bearing animals, and set apart for the use of the Department of Agriculture as a preserve and breeding ground for native birds. It is unlawful for any person to hunt, trap, capture, wilfully disturb, or kill any bird of any kind whatever, or take the eggs of such birds within the limits of this reservation, except under such rules and regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of Agriculture. Warning is expressly given to all persons not to commit any of the acts herein enumerated and which are prohibited by law.
This reservation to be known as Pribilof Reservation.
The White House
       February 27, 1909.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Executive Order 10449

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Signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower Friday, April 24, 1953
WHEREAS a dispute exists between the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad Company, a carrier, and certain of its employees represented by the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, a labor organization; and
WHEREAS this dispute has not heretofore been adjusted under the provisions of the Railway Labor Act, as amended; and
WHEREAS this dispute, in the judgment of the National Mediation Board, threatens substantially to interrupt interstate commerce to a degree such as to deprive a section of the country of essential transportation service:
NOW, THEREFORE, by virtue of the authority vested in me by section 10 of the Railway Labor Act, as amended (45 U.S.C. 160), I hereby create a board of three members, to be appointed by me, to investigate the said dispute. No member of the said board shall be pecuniarily or otherwise interested in any organization of employees or any carrier.
The board shall report its findings to the President with respect to the said dispute within thirty days from the date of this order.
As provided by section 10 of the Railway Labor Act, as amended, from this date and for thirty days after the board has made its report to the President, no change, except by agreement, shall be made by the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad Company or its employees in the conditions out of which the said dispute arose.
DWIGHT D. EISENHOWER
THE WHITE HOUSE,
April 24, 1953
# Executive Order 10439

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See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower Thursday, March 19, 1953
Federal Register page & date: 18 FR 1581, Friday, March 20, 1953
Executive Order 10439 of March 19, 1953
Amendment of Executive Order No. 10163 of September 25, 1950, Establishing the Armed Forces Reserve Medal
By virtue of the authority vested in me as President of the United States and as Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the United States, it is ordered that paragraph 3 of Executive Order No. 10163 of September 25, 1950, “Establishing the Armed Forces Reserve Medal”, be, and it is hereby, amended to read as follows:

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Amends

* Executive Order 10163, September 25, 1950

### See Related

* Executive Order 13013, August 6, 1996;
* Executive Order 13286, February 28, 2003
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 1045

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Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Tuesday, March 2, 1909
Mr. James Mullenbach may be appointed inspector in charge of information and distribution work, Immigration Service, Chicago, Ill., without examination under the civil-service rules, in view of his peculiar qualifications for the work involved.
The White House
       March 2, 1909.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 10452

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Dwight D. Eisenhower Friday, May 1, 1953
Federal Register page & date: 18 FR 2599, Tuesday, May 5, 1953
Executive Order 10452 of May 1, 1953
Providing for the Performance by the Chairman of the Civil Service Commission of Certain Functions Relating to Personnel Management
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the laws of the United States, including section 1753 of the Revised Statutes (5 U.S.C. 631) and the Civil Service Act of January 16, 1883 (22 Stat. 403), and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:

#### Section 1.

The Chairman of the United States Civil Service Commission shall, in addition to the functions conferred upon him by statute and by Reorganization Plan No. 5 of 1949, perform the following-described functions with respect to Federal civilian personnel employed in the United States and abroad:
| (a) | Assist the President in the execution of his duties with respect to personnel management, and advise and assist the President concerning personnel-management actions to be taken by or under the direction of the President, exclusive of actions with respect to Presidential appointments. |
| (b) | Assist the President in the formulation and execution of his civilian personnel-management program, the establishment of policies and standards for the guidance of the executive departments and agencies, and the evaluation of departmental and agency personnel-management programs and operations under such policies and standards. |
| (c) | Undertake on behalf of the President, and in collaboration with the Bureau of the Budget, a program designed to raise the level of effectiveness of personnel management in the executive departments and agencies, to improve steadily all civilian personnel-management systems, and to bring about the proper coordination in personnel management among the executive departments and agencies. |

#### Sec. 2.

The Chairman of the Civil Service Commission shall perform his functions under this order with the assistance of such personnel of the White House Office as may be provided for that purpose and with such assistance of personnel of the Civil Service Commission as may be appropriate.

#### Sec. 3.

There are hereby revoked (1) section 4 of Part II of Executive Order No. 8248 of September 8, 1939, defining the functions of the Liaison Office for Personnel Management, and (2) to the extent that they relate to the Liaison Office for Personnel Management, Parts I, III, IV, and VI of that order. The said Liaison Office for Personnel Management is hereby abolished, and the White House Office shall take such measures as may be necessary to wind up the affairs of the abolished office.

## Notes

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Revokes (in part):
* Executive Order 8248, September 8, 1939

### Revoked by

* Executive Order 10729, September 16, 1957
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Melozzo da Forlì

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​MELOZZO DA FORLÌ (c. 1438–1494), Italian painter, the first who practised foreshortening with much success, was born at Forlì about 1438; he came, it is supposed, of a wealthy family named Ambrosi. In all probability, Melozzo studied painting under Piero de’ Franceschi, of Borgo St Sepolcro; he seems also to have been well acquainted with Giovanni Santi, the father of ​Raphael. It has been said that he became a journeyman and colour-grinder to some of the best masters, in order to prosecute his studies; this lacks confirmation. Only three works are extant which can safely be assigned to Melozzo: those in the Louvre, the National Gallery, London, and the Barberini Palace, Rome, are disputable. (1) He painted in 1472 the vault of the chief chapel in the church of the Apostoli in Rome, his, subject being the “Ascension of Christ”; the figure of Christ is so boldly and effectively foreshortened that it seems to “burst through the vaulting”; this fresco was taken down in 1711, and the figure of Christ is now in the Quirinal Palace, not worthy of special admiration save in its perspective quality; while some of the other portions, almost Raphaelesque in merit, are in the sacristy of St Peter’s. (2) Between 1475 and 1480 he executed a fresco, now transferred to canvas, and placed in the Vatican picture-gallery, representing the appointment of Platina by Pope Sixtus IV. as librarian of the restored Vatican library. (3) In the Collegio at Forlì is a fresco by Melozzo, termed the “Pestapepe,” or Pepper-grinder, originally painted as a grocer’s sign; it is an energetic specimen of rather coarse realism, now much damaged. Melozzo also painted the cupola of the Capuchin church at Forlì, destroyed in 1651; and it has been said that he executed at Urbino some of the portraits of great men (Plato, Dante, Sixtus IV., &c.) which are now divided between the Barberini Palace and the Campana collection in Paris; this, however, is doubtful, and it is even questionable whether. Melozzo was ever at Urbino. In Rome he was one of the original members of the academy of St Luke, founded by Sixtus IV. He returned to Forlì, probably towards 1480, and died in November 1494. He contributed sensibly to the progress of pictorial art; and, without being remarkable as a colourist, gave well graded lights, with general care and finish, and fine dignified figures. His works bear a certain resemblance to those of his contemporary Mantegna. Marco Palmezzano was his pupil; and the signature “Marcus de Melotius” on some of Palmezzano’s works, along with the general affinity of style, has led to their being ascribed to Melozzo, who has hence been incorrectly called “Marco Melozzo.”
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Melrose (Massachusetts)

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​MELROSE, a city of Middlesex county, Massachusetts, U.S.A., about 7 m. N. of Boston. Pop. (1890), 8519; (1900), 12,962, of whom 2924 were foreign-born and 130 were negroes; (1910 census) 15,715. It is served by the Boston & Maine railroad, and by inter-urban electric railways. The city covers 4·8 sq. m. of broken, hilly country, in which is a part of the state park of Middlesex Fells; it includes the villages of Melrose, Melrose Highlands, Wyoming and Fells. In 1905 the total factory product was valued at $9,450,929 (an increase of 176·6% over the value of the factory product in 1900). The principal products are rubber shoes (at the village of Fells), skirts (at the village of Wyoming), and leather and silverware (at Melrose Highlands). The water supply of Melrose, like that of Stoneham and of Medford, is derived from the metropolitan reservoir called Spot Pond in Stoneham, immediately west of Melrose. The city was the home of Samuel Adams Drake (1833–1905), American historian, whose History of Middlesex County (Boston, 1880; vol. 2, “Melrose,” by E. H. Goss) should be consulted; and of William Frederick Poole (1821–1894), the librarian and the originator of indexes of periodical literature. Melrose was settled about 1633, and was a part of Charlestown until 1649, and of Malden until 1850. The eastern part of Stoneham was annexed to it in 1853. In 1899 it was chartered as a city; the charter came into effect in 1900. The name is said to be due to a resemblance of the scenery to that of Melrose, Scotland.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Melvill van Carnbee, Pieter

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​MELVILL VAN CARNBEE, PIETER, Baron (1816–1856), Dutch geographer, was born at the Hague on the 20th of May 1816. He traced his descent from an old Scottish family, originally, it is said, of Hungarian extraction. Destined for the navy, in which his grandfather Pieter Melvill van Carnbee (1743–1810) had been admiral, he imbibed a taste for hydrography and cartography as a student in the college of Medemblik, and he showed his capacity as a surveyor on his first voyage to the Dutch Indies (1835). In 1839 he was again in the East, and was attached to the hydrographical bureau at Batavia. With the assistance of documents collected by the old East India Company, he completed a map of Java in five sheets, accompanied by sailing directions (Amsterdam, 1842). He remained in the East till 1845 collecting materials for a chart of the waters between Sumatra and Borneo (two sheets, 1845 and 1846). On his return to Holland he was attached to the naval department with the charge of studying the history of the hydrography of the Dutch East Indies. He also undertook, in connexion with P. F. von Siebold, the publication of the Moniteur des Indes, a valuable series of scientific papers, mainly from his own pen, on the foreign possessions of Holland, which was continued for three years. In 1850 Melvill returned to India as lieutenant of the first class and adjutant to Vice-Admiral van den Bosch; and after the premature death of this commander he was again appointed keeper of the charts at Batavia. In 1853 he obtained exemption from active naval service that he might devote himself to a general atlas of the Dutch Indies. But in 1856 he fell a victim to climate, dying at Batavia on the 24th of October. In spite of delays in engraving, twenty-five sheets of the atlas were already finished, but it was not till 1862 that the whole plan, embracing sixty sheets, was completed by Lieut.-Colonel W. F. Versteeg. In 1843 Melvill received the decoration of the Netherlands Lion, in 1849 that of the Legion of Honour.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Melton Mowbray

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​MELTON MOWBRAY, a market town in the Melton parliamentary division of Leicestershire, England, pleasantly situated in a fertile vale, at the confluence of the Wreake and the Eye. Pop. of urban district (1901), 7454. It is 105 m. N.N.W. from London by the Midland railway, and is served by a joint branch of the London & North Western and Great Northern railways. The church of St Mary, a fine cruciform structure, Early English and later, with a lofty and richly ornamented central tower, was enlarged in the reign of Elizabeth. Melton is the centre of a celebrated hunting district, in connexion with which there are large stables in the town. It is known for its pork pies, and has a trade in Stilton cheese. There are breweries and tanneries and an important cattle market. There are blast furnaces in the neighbouring parish of Asfordby for the smelting of the abundant supply of iron ore in the district. During the Civil War Melton was in February 1644 the scene of a defeat of the parliamentary forces by the royalists. It is the birthplace of John Henley the orator (1692–1759).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Melun

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​MELUN, a town of northern France, capital of the department of Seine-et-Marne, situated north of the forest of Fortainebleau, 28 m. S.S.E. of Paris by rail. Pop. (1906), 11,219. The town is divided into three parts by the Seine. The principal portion lies on the slope of a hill on the right bank; on the left bank is the most modern quarter, while the old Roman town occupies an island in the river. On the island stands the Romanesque church of Notre-Dame (11th and 12th centuries), formerly part of a nunnery, the site of which is occupied by a prison. The other public buildings are on the right bank of the river. Of these, the most striking is the church of St Aspais, an irregularly shaped structure of the 15th and 16th centuries, on the apse of which may be seen a modern medallion in bronze, the work of the sculptor H. Chapu, representing Joan of Arc as the liberator of Melun. The hôtel-de-ville (1847)—in the construction of which an old mansion and turret have been utilized—and the tower of St Bartholomew of the 16th and 18th centuries are also of interest. In the courtyard of the former there is a monument to Jacques Amyot, the translator of Plutarch, who was born at Melun in 1513. Among the rich estates in the neighbourhood the most remarkable is the magnificent château of Vaux-le-Vicomte, which belonged to Nicholas Fouquet, intendant of finances under Louis XIV. Melun is a market for grain and farm produce, and its industries include brewing, tanning, distilling, sawing and the manufacture of agricultural implements, clogs, fur garments, lime, cement and plaster.
In Caesar’s Gallic wars Melun (Melodunum) was taken by his lieutenant Labienus, in order to facilitate the attack of Lutetia by the right bank of the Seine. It was pillaged by the Normans, and afterwards became the favourite residence of the first kings of the race of Capet; Robert and Philip I. both died here. In 1359 Melun was given up by Jeanne of Navarre to her brother, Charles the Bad, but was retaken by the dauphin Charles and Bertrand Duguesclin. In 1420 it made an heroic defence against Henry V. of England and his ally the duke of Burgundy. Ten years later the people of Melun, with the help of Joan of Arc, drove out the English. It was occupied by the League in 1589, and retaken by Henry IV. in the following year.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Melville, Arthur

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​MELVILLE, ARTHUR (1858–1904), British painter, was born in Scotland, in a village of Haddingtonshire. He took up painting at an early age, and though he attended a night-school and studied afterwards in Paris and Grez, he learnt more from practice and personal observation than from school training. The remarkable colour-sense which is so notable a feature of his work, whether in oils or in water-colour, came to him during his travels in Persia, Egypt and India. Melville, though comparatively little known during his lifetime, was one of the most powerful influences in contemporary art, especially in his broad decorative treatment with water-colour. Though his vivid impressions of colour and movement are apparently recorded with feverish haste, they are the result of careful deliberation and selection. He was at his best in his water-colours of Eastern life and colour and his Venetian scenes, but he also painted several striking portraits in oils and a powerful colossal composition of “The Return from the Crucifixion” which remained unfinished at his death in 1904. At the Victoria and Albert Museum is one of his water-colours, “The Little Bull-Fight—Bravo, Toro!” and another, “An Oriental Goatherd,” is in the Weimar Museum. But the majority of his pictures have been absorbed by private collectors.
A comprehensive memorial exhibition of Melville’s works was held at the Royal Institute Galleries in London in 1906.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Melville, Henry Dundas, 1st Viscount

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​MELVILLE, HENRY DUNDAS, 1st Viscount (1742–1811), British statesman, fourth son of Robert Dundas (1685–1753), lord president of the Scottish court of session, was born at Edinburgh in 1742, and was educated at the high school and university there. Becoming a member of the faculty of advocates in 1763, he soon acquired a leading position at the bar; and he had the advantage of the success of his half-brother Robert (1713–1787), who had become lord president of the court of session in 1760. He became solicitor-general to Scotland in 1766; but after his appointment as lord-advocate in 1775, he gradually relinquished his legal practice to devote his attention more exclusively to public business. In 1774 he was returned to parliament for Midlothian, and joined the party of Lord North; and notwithstanding his provincial dialect and ungraceful manner, he soon distinguished himself by his clear and argumentative speeches. After holding subordinate offices under the marquess of Lansdowne and Pitt, he entered the cabinet in 1791 as home secretary. From 1794 to 1801 he was secretary at war under Pitt, who conceived for him a special friendship. In 1802 he was elevated to the peerage as Viscount Melville and Baron Dunira. Under Pitt in 1804 he again entered office as first lord of the admiralty, when he introduced numerous improvements in the details of the department. Suspicion had arisen, however, as to the financial management of the admiralty, of which Dundas had been treasurer between 1782 and 1800; in 1802 a commission of inquiry was appointed, which reported in 1805. The result was the impeachment of Lord Melville in 1806, on the initiative of Samuel Whitbread, for the misappropriation of public money; and though it ended in an acquittal, and nothing more than formal negligence lay against him, he never again held office. An earldom was offered in 1809 but declined; and he died on the 28th of May 1811.
His son Robert, 2nd Viscount Melville (1771–1851), filled various political offices and was first lord of the admiralty from 1812 to 1827 and from 1828 to 1830; his name is perpetuated by that of Melville Sound, because of his interest in Arctic exploration. His eldest son, Henry Dundas, 3rd Viscount (1801–1876), a general in the army, played a distinguished part in the second Sikh War.
See Hon. J. W. Fortescue, History of the British Army, vol. iv. (1907).