OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mutrie, Martha Darley

​MUTRIE, MARTHA DARLEY (1824–1885), flower-painter, elder daughter of Robert Mutrie, a native of Rothesay in Bute, who had settled in Manchester in the cotton trade, was born at Ardwick, then a suburb of Manchester, on 26 Aug. 1824. She studied from 1844 to 1846 in the private classes of the Manchester School of Design, then under the direction of George Wallis, and afterwards in his private art school. She exhibited for some years at the Royal Manchester Institution, and in 1853 sent her first contribution, 'Fruit,' to the exhibition of the Royal Academy. In 1854 she settled in London, and sent a picture of 'Spring Flowers' to the Royal Academy, where she afterwards exhibited annually until 1878. Her pictures of 'Geraniums' and 'Primulas' in the exhibition of 1856 attracted the notice of John Ruskin, who mentioned them with praise in his 'Notes on some of the Principal Pictures in the Royal Academy.' She also contributed to the Art Treasures Exhibition held at Manchester in 1857, and to several international exhibitions, both at home and abroad. A 'Group of Camellias' is in the South Kensington Museum. She died at 36 Palace Gardens Terrace, Kensington, on 30 Dec. 1885, and was buried in Brompton cemetery.
Annie Feray Mutrie (1826-1893), younger sister of the above, was born at Ardwick on 6 March 1826, and also studied at the Manchester School of Design and under George Wallis. She first exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1851, when she sent a picture of 'Fruit,' which was followed in 1852 by two pictures of 'Fruit and Flowers,' and in 1853 by 'Flowers.' She removed with her sister to London in 1854, and in 1855 exhibited at the Royal Academy 'Azaleas' and 'Orchids,' which were highly praised by John Ruskin for their 'very lovely, pure, and yet unobtrusive colour.' She continued to exhibit almost annually until 1882, some of her best works being 'Roses' and 'Orchids' in 1856, 'Autumn Flowers' in 1857, 'Reynard's Glove ' in 1858, ' Where the Bee sucks ' in 1860, ' York and Lancaster' in 1861, 'Autumn' in 1863, ' The Balcony ' in 1871, ' My First Bouquet ' in 1874, 'Farewell, Summer,' in 1875, ' The Evening Primrose ' in 1876, and ' Wild Flowers of South America ' in 1877. She also exhibited at the Manchester Art Treasures Exhibition of 1857, at the British Institution, and elsewhere. A 'Group of Cactus, &c.,' is in the South Kensington Museum. She died at 26 Lower Rock Gardens, Brghton, on 28 Sept. 1893, and was interred in Brompton cemetery.
[Athenæum, 1886 i. 75, 1893 ii. 496; Royal Academy Exhibition Catalogues, 1851-82 ; Catalogue of the National Gallery of British Art at South Kensington, 1893; information from Frederick Bower, esq.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Muspratt, James Sheridan

​MUSPRATT, JAMES SHERIDAN (1821–1871), chemist, son of James Muspratt [q. v.], was born at Dublin on 8 March 1821. He first studied chemistry under T. Graham [q. v.] at the Andersonian University, Glasgow, and at University College, London. Before the age of seventeen he was entrusted with the chemical department at Peel Thompson's manufactory in Manchester. A little later he went to America, and entered into a business partnership which proved a failure. He returned to Europe, and in 1843 entered the laboratory of Liebig at Giessen, where he did his best work. He published in 1845 an important research on the sulphites, which served as his inaugural thesis for the degree of Ph.D., and also investigations on toluidine and nitraniline, which were first prepared by himself and A. W. Hofmann. After travelling for some years in Germany, he returned to England, and in 1848 founded the Liverpool College of Chemistry, a private institution for the training of chemists. In 1857 Muspratt succeeded to a share in his father's business. From 1854 to 1860 he was engaged in editing a large and readable dictionary of 'Chemistry ... as applied to the Arts and Manufactures,' of which several editions have been published in English, and in German and Russian translations. He also translated Plattner's classical treatise on the 'Blowpipe' (London, 8vo, 1845), and published 'Outlines of Analysis' (1849), and works on 'The Chemistry of Vegetation' and the 'Influence of Chemistry in the Animal, Vegetal, and Mineral Kingdoms.' The 'Royal Society's Catalogue' contains a list of thirty-five papers published independently, three in collaboration with Hofmann, and one with Danson.
In 1848 Muspratt married the American actress Susan Cushman, who died in 1859. Muspratt died on 3 April 1871 at West Derby, Liverpool.
A steel engraving from a photograph is prefixed to the first volume of Muspratt's 'Chemistry.'
[Besides the sources cited, see Biography of Sheridan Muspratt, by a London Barrister-at-Law, 1852; Biography by W. White, London, 1869; Men of the Time, 1868; Chem. News, xxiii. 82; Journ. Chem. Soc. xxiv. 620; H. Carrington Bolton's Bibliography of Chemistry, 1893.]
P. J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mutford, John de

​MUTFORD, JOHN de (d. 1329), judge, a member of a knightly family that took its name from Mutford in Suffolk, was engaged for Edward I in 1294 (Foss), and, a petition having been presented in parliament by one Isabella de Beverley in 1306, was called upon to inform the treasurer and barons of the exchequer as to the king's right to interfere in the matter (Rolls of Parliament, i. 197). In that year he was appointed oneof four justices in trailbaston for ten counties (ib. p. 218). In common with other justices and members of the council he was summoned to attend parliament in 1307. He received a summons in January 1308 to attend the coronation of Edward II (Fœdera, n. i. 27), and acted as an itinerant justice at various times during the reign. In 1310 he was ordered to be ready to go to Gascony on the king's business. Having receded from parliament in 1311 he was ordered to return to it, and in October was appointed a commissioner for the settlement of discontent in Ireland (ib. II. i. 143, 144). On 30 April 1316 he was appointed a justice of common pleas, and held that office until 1329, when he died, and was buried in Norwich Cathedral.
[Foss's Judges, iii. 467; Suckling's Hist. of Suffolk, p. 274; Blomefield's Norfolk, iv. 39; Rolls of Parl. i. 197, 218; Parl. Writs, i. ii. passim ; Rymer's Fœdera, ii. i. 27, 143, 144 (Record ed.)]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mushet, Robert (1811-1871)

​MUSHET, ROBERT (1811–1871), of the royal mint, born at Dalkeith in 1811, was second son of Richard Mushet—a brother of David Mushet [q. v.] and of Robert Mushet (1782–1828) [q. v.] His mother was Marion Walker. He came up to London to assist his uncle Robert Mushet in the mint, and in 1833 his name appears for the first time in the ‘Royal Kalendar’ as ‘second clerk and probationer melter.’ Upon the reorganisation of the mint in 1851 when the ‘moneyers,’ as they were called, were abolished, Mushet was appointed senior clerk and melter with a residence at the mint That office he held until his death. He died on 4 Sept. 1811 at Hayward's Heath, and was buried there.
He was the author of:
* ‘The Trinities of the Ancients,’ London, 1837.
* ‘The Book of Symbols,’ London, 1844; 2nd ed., 1847.
* The article ‘Coinage’ in the eighth edition of the ‘Encyclopædia Britannica;’ reprinted in ‘The Coin Book,’ Philadelphia, 1873.
[Authorities cited and private information.]
R. B. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mushet, William

​MUSHET, WILLIAM (1716–1792), physician, was born in 1716 at Dublin of a Jacobite family, who had fled thither from Stirling. He is supposed to have been educated at Trinity College, Dublin, and was entered at Leyden on 26 Aug. 1745 (Peacock, Index, p. 72). Mushet was also a member of King's College, Cambridge, and proceeded M.D. there in 1746, becoming a candidate of the College of Physicians on 4 April 1748 and a fellow on 20 March 1749. He delivered in 1751 the Gulstonian lectures. He was made physician in chief to the forces, and served at the battle of Minden (1759), but declined an offer of a baronetcy for his services in that campaign.
Mushet was intimately connected with the Duke of Rutland, and had apartments for eleven years at Belvoir Castle. He died at York on 11 Dec. 1792. A monument was erected to his memory by his daughter Mary in the church of St. Mary Castlegate, York, with a long inscription written by Sir Robert Sinclair, recorder of York.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys.]
L. M. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hume, David (1757-1838)

​HUME, DAVID (1757–1838), judge, second surviving son of John Hume of Ninewells, Berwickshire, by Agnes, daughter of Robert Carre of Cavers, Roxburghshire, and nephew to David Hume the philosopher [q.v.], was born 27 Feb. 1757. He was admitted advocate in 1779, in 1784 was appointed sheriff of Berwickshire and afterwards of West Lothian, and in 1786 became professor of Scots law in the university of Edinburgh. Sir Walter Scott, who attended his classes, describes him as `neither wandering into fanciful and abstruse disquisitions, which are the more proper subject of the antiquary, nor satisfied with presenting to his pupils a dry and undigested detail of the laws in their present state, but combining the past state of our legal enactments with the present, and tracing clearly and judiciously the changes which took place and the causes which led to them.' He was also a curator of the Advocates' Library. In 1793 he became sheriff of Linlithgowshire, in 1811 principal clerk to the court of session, and in 1822 a baron of the Scots exchequer, which post he held until the abolition of the court, when he retired upon a pension. He was the author of the standard work on Scottish criminal law, first published in 2 vols. 4to in 1797—'Commentaries on the Law of Scotland respecting the Description and Punishment of Crimes,' having published seven years previously 'Commentaries on the Law of Scotland respecting Trials for Crimes.' He died at his house, Moray Place, Edinburgh, on 30 Aug. 1838. Lockhart calls him 'a man as virtuous and amiable as conspicuous for masculine vigour of intellect and variety of knowledge.' His contributions to the 'Mirror' and the 'Lounger' were published in Alexander Chalmers's edition of 'British Essayists,' 1802, vols. xxxiii-xl. His will, made in 1832, prohibited the publication of any of his lectures or legal papers except his great collection of Reports of Decisions, 1781-1822, which were published in 1839. His only son, Joseph, a young man of much promise, died in 1829.
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hume, Anna

​HUME, ANNA (fl. 1644), daughter of David Hume of Godscroft (1560?–1630?) [q. v.], superintended the publication of her father's 'History of the House and Race of Douglas and Angus.' William Douglas, eleventh earl of Angus, and first marquis of Douglas [q. v.], who was dissatisfied with Hume's work, consulted Drummond of Hawthornden. Drummond admitted various defects and extravagant views in Hume, adding, however, that the suppression of the book would ruin the gentlewoman, 'who hath ventured, she says, her whole fortune' on its publication (Arch. Scot. iv. 95). For nearly two years the dispute delayed the publication of the work, which had been printed in 1644 by Evan Tyler, the king's printer. Tyler published in that year 'The Triumphs of Love, Chastitie, Death: translated out of Petrarch by Mrs. Anna Hume.' A copy of this is in the British Museum, and there is a reprint in Bonn's translation of 'Petrarch, by various Hands' (1859). The translation is, on the whole, faithful and spirited. The second half of the 'Triumph of Love, Part iii.,' descriptive of the disappointed lover, and the bright account of the fair maids in the 'Triumph of Chastitie,' are admirably rendered. Mrs. Hume is also said to have translated her father's Latin poems; and Drummond of Hawthornden, acknowledging certain commendatory verses at her hand, writes to her as 'the learned and worthy gentlewoman, Mrs. Anna Hume,' and declares himself unworthy of 'the blazon of so pregnant and rare a wit.'
[Introduction to De Familia Humia Wedderburnensi Liber, cura Davidis Humii, published by the Abbotsford Club in 1839; Masson's Drummond of Hawthornden; Irving's Scotish Poetry; Add. MS. 24488, pp. 412-13.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hume, Grizel

​HUME, Lady GRIZEL (1665–1746), poetess. [See Baillie, Lady Grizel.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hume, George

​HUME, Sir GEORGE, Earl of Dunbar (d. 1611). [See Home.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hume, Alexander (d.1682)

​HUME, ALEXANDER (d. 1682), of Kennetsidehead, covenanter, was a portioner of Hume, and is described by Lauder of Fountainhall as 'a small gentleman of the Merse.' In 1682 he was taken prisoner by Charles Home, afterwards eighth earl of Home, and conveyed, sorely wounded, to the castle of Edinburgh. At first he was tried on the charge of having held converse with those who took the castle of Hawick in 1679, but the proof was defective, and no conviction was obtained. On 15 Nov. he was indicted before the justice court 'of rising in rebellion against the king's majesty within the shires of Roxburgh, Berwick, Selkirk, and Peebles, in marching up and down in arms, rendezvousing with the rebels in Bewly bridge, resisting and fighting apart of his majesty's forces under the command of the Master of Ross, besieging the castle of Hawick, robbing the arms therein, and marching towards Bothwell bridge.' Again proof was wanting, but he was kept in prison, and on 20 Dec. was indicted for 'having come to the house of Sir Henry MacDougall of Mackerston, besieged it, and demanded horses and arms, and of having subsequently come armed to Kelso, Selkirk, and Hawick.' The prosecutors tried to show that Hume was a captain and commanding officer among the covenanters, and therefore not included in the indemnity of 1679, which specially excluded 'ringleaders.' His defence was that after attending sermon, and riding, as was customary, with sword and holster pistols, he on his way home with a servant called at Mackerston House, and offered to buy a bay horse. Hume was found guilty and condemned to be hanged at the market cross of Edinburgh on 29 Dec. His request that his case might be laid before the king was peremptorily refused. His friends took the matter up, and according to Wodrow a reprieve actually arrived before the execution, but was kept back by the chancellor, the Earl of Perth. This statement lacks corroboration. According to Lauder of Fountainhall, Hume 'died more seriously and calmly than many others of his persuasion had done before him' (Historical Notices, p. 341). On the scaffold he made a speech, of which Wodrow professes to supply a report.
[Wodrow's Sufferings of the Church of Scotland; Lauder of Fountainhall's Historical Notices (Bannatyne Club); Historical Observes (Bannatyne Club).]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, John (1616-1701)

​OLIVER, JOHN (1616–1701), glass-painter and master-mason, born in 1616, has been without ground supposed to have been related to Isaac and Peter Oliver [q. v.], the celebrated miniature-painters. He was mors probably related to John Oliver, who was master-mason in the reign of James I. He appears to be identical with John Oliver,who was city surveyor and one of the three commissioners for the rebuilding of London after the great fire in 1066. Oliver appears to have executed many small glass-paint-i ings for windows. One of these remains in Northill Church, Bedfordshire, in a window originally put up by the Grocers' Company, but no longer in its original position; it is signed and dated 1664, and represents the royal arms and other heraldry connected with the company. Another window at . Christ Church, Oxford, signed and dated 1700, and presented by Oliver himself, portrays 'St. Peter delivered out of prison.' In Lambeth Palace there were formerly paintings in a window {now removed), erected by Archbishop Sheldon, representing a sundial with the archbishop's arms and a view of the Sheldonian theatre at Oxford. He is probably also He is probably also identical with John Oliver who engraved a few portraits in mezzotint. including a curious one of Lord-chief-justice Jeffreys, as earl of Flint (this he published himself at the 'Eagle and Child' on Ludgate Hill), and who also etched some views of Tangier after Hollar. Oliver died in 1701, aged 85. In his will (P. C. C., 157, Dyer), dated 19 March 1699, and proved 18 Nov. 1701, he describes himself as master-mason to the king, directs that he shall be buried in St. Pauls Cathe- ​dral, and gives legacies to his wife Susanna, his daughter Grace Shaw, his son-in-law George Seagood, and also to the Company of Glaziers. William Faithorne the elder [q. v.] drew his portrait.
[Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, ed. Wornum; Chaloner Smith's British Mezzotinto Portraits.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, Andrew

​OLIVER, ANDREW (1706–1774), lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts, born in Boston, Massachusetts, on 28 March 1706, was son of Daniel Oliver, by Elizabeth, daughter of Andrew Belcher. His father, a member of the council, was a son of Captain Peter Oliver, an eminent merchant, and grandson of Thomas Oliver, a surgeon and ruling elder of Boston Church, who arrived in Boston from London in 1632. Andrew graduated at Harvard in 1724. He was chosen a member of the general court and afterwards of the council. In 1748 he was sent with Governor Thomas Hutchinson as a commissioner to the Albany congress that met to conclude peace with the heads of the Six Nations, and arrange a rectification of the frontier. In 1766 he was appointed secretary of the province, when the British parliament passed the Stamp Act he accepted the office of distributor of stamps, and in consequence nearly lost his seat on the council. On 14 Aug. 1765 he was hanged in effigy between figures of Lord Bute and George Grenville, on the large elm called the 'liberty tree.' In the evening the mob, with cries of 'Liberty, property, and no stamps!' demolished the structure that was building for a stamp-office. The next morning Oliver signed a public pledge that he would not act as stamp-officer.
A few months later it was rumoured that Oliver intended to enforce the Stamp Act, and on the day of the opening of parliament the 'Sons of Liberty' compelled him to march to the tree and there renew his promise in a speech, and take oath before a justice of the peace, Richard Dana, 'that he would never, directly or indirectly, take measures for the collection of the stamp-duty.' In October 1770 he was appointed lieutenant-governor. Greatly to his annoyance, some letters which he had written to Thomas Whateley, one of the secretaries of the treasury, in 1768 and 1769, fell into Benjamin Franklin's hands soon after Whateley's death, and were laid before the assembly in 1772. The worst possible construction was put upon them, and Oliver's removal demanded.
Oliver died at Boston on 3 March 1774. His remains were followed to the grave by a howling mob, and in the evening a coffin, rope, and gallows were exhibited in the window of one of the public offices. Oliver married first on 20 June 1728 Mary (d. 1732), daughter of Thomas Fitch, by whom he had two sous and a daughter, and secondly, on 5 July 1733, Mary (d. 1773), daughter of William Sanford, sister of Governor Thomas Hutchinson's wife, by whom he had seven sons and seven daughters. Two of his sons, Andrew (1731-1799) and William Sanford (1748-1813), were prominent on the royalist side during the revolution.
A photograph of his portrait by Copley is in Thomas Hutchinson s 'Diary.'
[Whitmore's Descendants of W. Hutchinson and T. Oliver, 1866; Diary and Letters of Thomas Hutchinson, ed. P. O. Hutchinson ; Appleton's Cyclop, of Amer. Biogr.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, Archer James

​OLIVER, ARCHER JAMES (1774–1842), portrait-painter and associate of the Royal Academy, was born in 1774. In 1791 he exhibited a portrait of himself at the Royal Academy, and in 1793 was admitted a student in the schools of that institution. He was a regular exhibitor at the Royal Academy and the British Institution for fifty years, his chief work being portraits, though he occasionally painted small domestic subjects of still-life. At one time Oliver had a large and fashionable practice as a portrait-painter, with a studio in New Bond Street. He was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1807. Latterly his practice fell off, and he was appointed curator of the painting school of the Royal Academy. Towards the end of his life his health failed, and he was supported to a great extent out of the Academy funds. Oliver died in 1842.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1880; Sandby's Hist. of the Royal Academy; Royal Academy Catalogues.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oliver, John (1838-1866)

​OLIVER, JOHN (1838–1866), Welsh poet, was born on 7 Nov. 1838 at Llanfynydd, a small village in Carmarthenshire, where his parents kept a shop. He spent seven years (1843–50) at the village school, and nearly four at a Carmarthen school. Before he was sixteen he passed on to the presbyterian college in the same town. Here he made great progress with the regular studies, and read widely, on his own account, in English and German literature. He was soon able to preach with equal facility in Welsh and English. He left college in his twenty-first year, and abandoned an intention of continuing his studies at Glasgow, owing to failing health. Subsequently he preached occasionally, and devoted himself to Welsh poetry. Most of his Welsh poems were written during his enforced retirement. His most ambitious poem is one on 'David the Prince of the Lord.' Otherlong poems are 'The Beauties of Nature,' 'The Widow of Nain,' 'The Wreck of the Royal Charter,' all showing great promise. His shorter poems, however, are his best, and there is not a better in the language than 'Myfyrdod,' a meditation or soliloquy. Of his English poems, the be stare perhaps 'Life' and 'When I die;' but being his earliest productions, they are inferior to his Welsh poems. Oliver died on 24 June 1866, in his twenty-eighth year, and his remains were interred in the parish churchyard of Llanfynydd, of which he had sung so sweetly. His collected works (Welsh and English) were published at Newport, Monmouthshire, under the name 'Cerddi Cystudd,' by his brother, the Rev. Henry Oliver, with biographical preface and a photographic portrait, in 1867, small 8vo.
[Biography as above, and biography in Athraw, 1866, from the pen of the Rev. W. Thomas, M.A.; article in Cymru, February, 1894; personal knowledge.]
R. J. J.