OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Isdigerdes II., king of Persia

Isdigerdes (2) II., king of Persia, the son and successor of Vararanes V. All modern writers place his death A.D. 457, but differ somewhat as to the length of his reign. For its commencement Rawlinson thinks the best evidence is for 440. Soon after he declared war against the Roman empire. Theodosius II. shortly made peace with him, and Isdigerd then undertook a war, which continued many years (443–451), against the Tatars of Transoxiana. He attempted to force the Zoroastrian religion on Christian Armenia. In this he was ably seconded by his vizier Mihr-nerses, whose proclamation, still extant, embodies the Zoroastrian objection to Christian doctrine [Mesrobes]. It was answered in a council of eighteen Armenian bishops, headed by the patriarch Joseph, at Ardashad in 450. This document, also extant, is a lengthened apology for Christianity and contains a detailed confession of faith, with a resolution of adhering to it couched in these terms: "Do thou therefore inquire of us no further concerning these things, for our belief originates not with man. We are not taught like children; but we are indissolubly bound to God, from Whom nothing can detach us, neither now nor hereafter, nor for ever, nor for ever and ever" (Hist. of Vartan, tr. by Neumann, 1830). Isdigerd's attempt to convert Armenia to Zoroastrianism was manifestly dictated by a desire to detach the country from the Christian Roman empire. In 451 he attacked the Armenians. They endeavoured to secure the help of the emperor Marcian, who was, however, paralysed through fear of Attila and the Huns. In 455 or 456 the Persians triumphed in a great battle, wherein the patriarch Joseph and many nobles were taken prisoners and martyred. Agathias, iv. 27; Tabari, Chronique, iii. 127; Clinton, Fasti Romani, i. p. 546; Tillem. Emp. vi. 39; Saint-Martin, Mém. sur l’Armén. vol. i. p. 322; Pathkanian, Histoire des Sassan. in Journal Asiatique (1866), pp. 106–238; Mordtmann, Zeitschrift der deutschen Morgenlandischen Gesellschaft, t. viii. 70; Rawlinson's Seventh Or. Monarchy (1876), c. xv. p. 301, where other authorities will be found. Pathkanian's article gives a list of writers who have treated of this period. Isdigerd II. was succeeded by Perozes.
[G.T.S.]
# Ursule Mirouet

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1842 French novel by Honoré de Balzac
* Ursule Mirouet (Wormeley translation), translation by Katharine Prescott Wormeley
* Ursule Mirouët (Tomlinson translation), 1897 translation by May Tomlinson
# Ursule Mirouet (Wormeley translation)

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Sometimes known as "Ursula". First published 1842. Included as part of La Comédie humaine.
* Dedication
* Chapter I: THE FRIGHTENED HEIRS
* Chapter II: THE RICH UNCLE
* Chapter III: THE DOCTOR'S FRIENDS
* Chapter IV: ZELIE
* Chapter V: URSULA
* Chapter VI: A TREATISE ON MESMERISM
* Chapter VII: A TWO-FOLD CONVERSION
* Chapter VIII: THE CONFERENCE
* Chapter IX: A FIRST CONFIDENCE
* Chapter X: THE FAMILY OF PORTENDUERE
* Chapter XI: SAVINIEN SAVED
* Chapter XII: OBSTACLES TO YOUNG LOVE
* Chapter XIII: BETROTHAL OF HEARTS
* Chapter XIV: URSULA AGAIN ORPHANED
* Chapter XV: THE DOCTOR'S WILL
* Chapter XVI: THE TWO ADVERSARIES
* Chapter XVII: THE MALIGNITY OF PROVINCIAL MINDS
* Chapter XVIII: A TWO-FOLD VENGEANCE
* Chapter XIX: APPARITIONS
* Chapter XX: REMORSE
* Chapter XXI: SHOWING HOW DIFFICULT IT IS TO STEAL THAT WHICH SEEMS VERY EASILY STOLEN
* Addendum
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Urrutia v. United States/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
357 U.S. 577
Urrutia v. United States
The motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and the petition for writ of certiorari are granted. Upon consideration of the entire record and the confession of error by the Solicitor General, the judgment of the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit is reversed and the case is remanded for hearing.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ursule Mirouet (Wormeley translation)/Addendum

The following personages appear in other stories of the Human Comedy.
Bouvard, Doctor
    Scenes from a Courtesan's Life
Dionis
    The Member for Arcis
Estorade, Madame de l'
    Letters of Two Brides
    The Member for Arcis
Kergarouet, Comte de
    The Purse
    The Ball at Sceaux
Lupeaulx, Clement Chardin des
    The Muse of the Department
    Eugenie Grandet
    A Bachelor's Establishment
    A Distinguished Provincial at Paris
    The Government Clerks
    Scenes from a Courtesan's Life
Marsay, Henri de
    The Thirteen
    The Unconscious Humorists
    Another Study of Woman
    The Lily of the Valley
    Father Goriot
    Jealousies of a Country Twon
    A Marriage Settlement
    Lost Illusions
    A Distinguished Provincial at Paris
    Letters of Two Brides
    The Ball at Sceaux
    Modeste Mignon
    The Secrets of a Princess
    The Gondreville Mystery
    A Daughter of Eve
Mirouet, Ursule (see Portenduere, Vicomtesse Savinien de)
Nathan, Madame Raoul
    The Muse of the Department
    Lost Illusions
    A Distinguished Provincial at Paris
    Scenes from a Courtesan's Life
    The Government Clerks
    A Bachelor's Establishment
    Eugenie Grandet
    The Imaginary Mistress
    A Prince of Bohemia
    A Daughter of Eve
    The Unconscious Humorists
Portenduere, Vicomte Savinien de
    The Ball at Sceaux
    Scenes from a Courtesan's Life
    Beatrix
Portenduere, Vicomtesse Savinien de
    Another Study of Woman
    Beatrix
Ronquerolles, Marquis de
    The Imaginary Mistress
    The Peasantry
    A Woman of Thirty
    Another Study of Woman
    The Thirteen
    The Member for Arcis
Rouvre, Marquis du
    The Imaginary Mistress
    A Start in Life
Rouvre, Chevalier du
    The Imaginary Mistress
Rubempre, Lucien-Chardon de
    Lost Illusions
    A Distinguished Provincial at Paris
    The Government Clerks
    Scenes from a Courtesan's Life
Schmucke, Wilhelm
    A Daughter of Eve
    Scenes from a Courtesan's Life
    Cousin Pons
Serizy, Comtesse de
    A Start in Life
    The Thirteen
    A Woman of Thirty
    Scenes from a Courtesan's Life
    Another Study of Woman
    The Imaginary Mistress
Trailles, Comte Maxime de
    Cesar Birotteau
    Father Goriot
    Gobseck
    A Man of Business
    The Member for Arcis
    The Secrets of a Princess
    Cousin Betty
    Beatrix
    The Unconscious Humorists
Vandenesse, Marquise Charles de
    Cesar Birotteau
    The Ball at Sceaux
    A Daughter of Eve
# Urrutia v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
357 U.S. 577
Urrutia v. United States
Lino Urrutia, pro se.
Solicitor General Rankin, Assistant Attorney General Anderson, Robert S. Erdahl and Beatrice Rosenberg, for the United States.
On petition for writ of certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burhred

​BURHRED or BURGRÆD (reigned 852–874), king of the Mercians, succeeded Beorhtwulf [q. v.] in 852. Encouraged probably by the descents of the northern pirates, the Welsh, under Roderic Mawr, revolted from Mercia in 853. Burhred and his witan asked help of his over-lord Æthelwulf, the West-Saxon king. His request was readily granted, and the two kings devastated North Wales, conquered Anglesey, and brought the land again under the dominion of the Mercian king. The next year Burhred married Æthelswyth, the daughter of Æthelwulf, at Chippenham. When in 868 the Danes established themselves in Nottingham and threatened Mercia, Burhred and his witan sought the help of Æthelred and Ælfred. The West Saxons and Mercians joined forces and marched to Nottingham. The Danes refused to give battle, and the English laid siege to the town; they were unable to take it, and Burhred made peace with the invaders. Overawed, as it seems, by this united action, the Danes were for a while forced to remain inactive. Before long, however the Mercian kingdom owned the Danish supremacy. When Ecgberht, the Northumbrian king, was turned out of his kingdom in 872, he and Archbishop Wulfhere are said to have been received by Burhred (compiler in Chron. Maj. i. 407). In 874 the Danes conquered Mercia. Burhred fled before them: he went over sea and dwelt at Rome. Before long he died there, and was buried in St. Mary's Church in the English school.
[Anglo-Saxon Chron. i. 122-5, 132,142. Rolls Ser.; Asser. 469, 470, 475, 478, Mon. Hist. Brit.; Æthelweard's Chron. 511, 513. Mon. Hist. Brit.; Florence of Worcester, i. 74, 92. Eng. Hist. Soc.; Matt. Paris, Chronica Majora, i. 407, Rolls Ser.; Green's Conquest of England, 80, 101, 106.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burgoyne, John (1739-1785)

1904 Errata appended.
​BURGOYNE, Sir JOHN (1739–1785), general, seventh baronet, of Sutton, Bedfordshire, and cousin of Lieutenant-general the Right Hon. John Burgoyne, was born in 1739, and entered the army at an early age. After serving in the 7th fusiliers and other corps, he obtained the lieutenant-colonelcy of the 58th foot in Ireland in 1764. Some years later he was transferred to that of the 14th light dragoons, then on the Irish establishment. The 'Calendar of Home Office Papers,' 1770-2, pars. 224, 639, shows these appointments to have been dictated by political as well as professional considerations. In 1781 Burgoyne was commissioned to raise a regiment of light dragoons for service in India, the first European cavalry sent out to that country. This corps, originally known as the 23rd light dragoons, was formed out of drafts from other regiments, and had its rendezvous at Bedford. Standards, now in possession of the 19th hussars, were presented to it by George III, and early in 1782 it embarked, with other reinforcements, on board the East India fleet under convoy of Admiral Sir R. Bickerton, and landed at Madras towards the end of the year. Under its changed name of the 19th light dragoons it subsequently won great renown on Indian battle-fields. Burgoyne was promoted to the rank of major-general on the Madras staff in 1783. He married Charlotte, daughter of General Johnstone of Overston, Northamptonshire, and by this lady, who afterwards married, secondly, Lieutenant-general Eyre Power Trench, he left several children. He died at Madras in 1785.
Burgoyne's eldest son, Sir Montague Roger Burgoyne, eighth baronet, was also a cavalry officer, and like his father ultimately became a major-general. He entered the army as cornet in the Scots Greys in 1789, and in 1795 became lieutenant-colonel of the ​shortlived 32nd light dragoons. He was afterwards for some years one of the inspecting field-officers of yeomanry and volunteer corps. He died at his mother's residence in Oxford Street, London, on 11 Aug. 1817. Shortly before his death Burgoyne was the object of a curious and vexatious prosecution, in which the vicar of his parish sued him for penalties under an old law for not having attended divine service during a period exceeding twelve months. The proceedings fell through.
H. M. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.43 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 339 | ii | 13 f.e. | Burgoyne, Sir John (1739-85): for 1783 read 1782 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burgoyne, Montagu

​BURGOYNE, MONTAGU (1750–1836), politician younger son of Sir Roger Burgoyne of Sutton, Bedfordshire, was a member of Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Lord North gave him the sinecure office of chamberlain of the till office in the exchequer, worth 1,600l. per annum. He was for many years verderer of Epping Forest, and resided at Mark Hall, Harlow. He was candidate for Essex in 1810, but was defeated by John Archer Houblon. He was author of:
* 'A Letter … on the Necessity of a Reform in Parliament,' 1809.
* 'Account of Proceedings at the late Election for Essex,' 1810.
* 'Speech to the Freeholders of Essex on the last day of the Election,' 1812.
* 'A Collection of Psalms and Hymns.'
* 'An Address to the (Governors of Public Charity Schools … and a particular account of the Potton School of Industry, connected with allotments of land for the labouring poor in the counties of Bedford, Huntingdon, and Cambridge,' 1830.
Burgoyne was a warm friend of the allotment system. He married Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of Eliab Harvey. It is said that Mr. and Mrs. Burgoyne were entitled to receive, if they did not actually receive, the flitch of bacon at Dunmow.
[Gent. Mag. May 1836, p. 550.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burhill, Robert

1904 Errata appended.
​BURHILL or BURGHILL, ROBERT (1572–1641), divine, born at Dymock, Gloucestershire, was descended from the Burghills of Thinghill, Herefordshire. He entered Corpus Christi College, Oxford, on 13 Jan. 1587–8, and proceeded B.A. on 5 Feb. 1590–1, M.A. on 12 Dec. 1594, B.D. on 7 July 1603, and D.D. on 2 June 1632. He became a probationer fellow of his college on 20 March 1584–5, obtained the rectories of Northwold, ​near Thetford, Norfolk, and of Snailwell, Cambridgeshire, and a prebend in Hereford Cathedral on 20 Jan. 1603–4. His wide learning, which embraced a knowledge of Greek and Hebrew, attracted the attention of Sir Walter Raleigh, who received assistance from him in the composition of his ‘History of the World’ (Oldys, Life of Walter Raleigh). He died at Northwold in October 1641, and was buried in the chancel of the church there. A monument was erected to his memory by Samuel Knight, archdeacon of Berkshire, about 1740. He was a voluminous contributor to controversial divinity. He intervened in 1606 in a controversy between John Howson (bishop of Oxford, 1619–28) and Dr. Thomas Pye as to the marriage of divorced persons. In a Latin tractate (Oxford, 1606) Burhill supported Howson's contention that marriage in such cases was unlawful, and refuted Pye's opposite arguments. His pamphlet was bound up with a second edition of Howson's ‘Thesis.’ To the controversy excited by Bishop Andrewes's ‘Tortura Torti,’ a reply to Cardinal Bellarmine, Burhill contributed ‘Responsio pro Tortura Torti contra Martinum Becanum Jesuitam,’ London, 1611; ‘De Potestate regia et Usurpatione papali pro Tortura Torti contra Parellum Andr. Eudæmon,’ Oxford, 1613; and ‘Assertio pro Jure regio contra Martini Becani Jesuitæ Controversiam Anglicanam,’ London, 1613, together with a defence of John Buckeridge's answer to Cardinal Bellarmine's apology. Burhill's printed works also include a Latin panegyric on James I, inviting him to visit Oxford (Oxford, 1603), and a preface to a sermon (London, 1602) of Miles Smith, bishop of Gloucester, 1612–24. In Corpus Christi College Library at Oxford is a manuscript commentary by Burhill on the difficult passages in Job; in the Bodleian are another manuscript tractate in support of monarchy and episcopacy, and a manuscript Latin poem in ten books, entitled ‘Britannia Scholastica, vel de Britanniæ rebus scholasticis.’
[Wood's Athenæ, ed. Bliss, iii. 18–19; Fasti, ed. Bliss, i. 250, 267, 299, 466; Edwards's Life of Raleigh, i. 543–4.]
S. L. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.43 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 345 | i | 28 | Burhill, Robert: for Beconum read Becanum |
| | | 32 | for Beconi read Becani |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burke, Edmund Plunkett

​BURKE, EDMUND PLUNKETT (1802–1835), judge, was born of Irish parents at Lisbon in 1802, and, being brought to England at an early age, was, till his fifteenth year, educated at home or by Dr. Robertson, a schoolmaster of some repute. At fifteen he was placed in the Lycée at Caen, Normandy, where during three years he greatly distinguished himself. He was then entered at Caius College; Cambridge, but, disliking mathematics, did not proceed to a degree, and devoted his great talents to the study of civil law. While still an undergraduate he wrote his ‘Essay on the Laws and Government of Rome; introductory to the Civil Law,’ a work which if not erudite, for he was ignorant of German, was surprising for his years and excited great attention at Cambridge. In 1830 he published a second edition with his name. He joined the Inner Temple and was called to the bar, but his private means being lost by the imprudence of a relation, he was too poor to buy books or pay fees for reading in counsel's chambers, and too proud to seek aid of his friends. Though diligent he was unsystematic, and made little legal progress. He wrote biographical notices for the ‘Law Magazine,’ but even here, though his research was extensive, his dilatory habits stood in his way. In 1832, on the reputation of his book and his knowledge of French, he was appointed to a judgeship in St. Lucia, West Indies, and in 1833 the governor, General Farquhar, made him judge of the admiralty court. He died in 1835 of an injury received during a hurricane in St. Dominica.
[Law Magazine, xiii. 532.]
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Burke, John

​BURKE, JOHN (1787–1848), genealogist, was the elder son of Peter Burke of Elm Hall, Tipperary, by his first wife, Anne, daughter an coheiress of Matthew Dowdall, M.D., of Mullingar. In accordance with a family arrangement, his younger brother Joseph succeeded to the estate at the father's death on 13 Jan. 1836. John Burke early engaged in literary work in London, but afterwards devoted himself to genealogical studies, and in 1826 he issued a ‘Genealogical and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the United Kingdom.’ For the first time such a work was arranged alphabetically, and peers and baronets were treated together. The convenience of its method at once gave it great popularity. The ‘Peerage’ was republished at irregular intervals until 1847, when it reached its ninth edition. From that date it has been issued annually. ‘A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerages of England, Ireland, and Scotland, extinct, dormant, and in abeyance,’ was first published by Burke in 1831 (3rd edit. 1846); later editions, prepared by Sir J. B. Burke, appeared in 1866 and 1883. In 1831 Burke also issued what was intended to be the first of a series of annual handbooks, entitled ‘The Official Kalendar for 1831;’ but the series was not continued. Between 1833 and 1838 he published ‘A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Commoners of Great Britain and Ireland,’ in four 8vo volumes; another edition was issued in 1837-8; and a third edition in two volumes between 1843 and 1849. The title was altered in the later editions to ‘A Dictionary of the Landed Gentry,’ and a supplementary volume appeared in 1844, containing corrigenda and a general index. Burke was also the author of ‘The Portrait Gallery of Distinguished Females, including Beauties of the Courts of George IV and William IV,’ 2 vols. 1833; of ‘A Genealogical and Heraldic History of the Extinct and Dormant Baronetcies of England,’ 1838 (re-issued 1841 and 1844); of ‘The Knightage of Great Britain and Ireland,’ 1841; of ‘A General Armoury of England, Scotland, and Ireland,’ 1842 (republished in Bohn's series in 1844 as Burke's ‘Encyclopedia of Heraldry,’ and by Sir J. B. Burke in an enlarged form in 1878); of ‘Heraldic Illustrations, comprising the Armorial Bearings of ​all the Principal Families of the Empire, with Pedigrees and Annotations,’ 1844 (an illuminated supplement appeared in 1851); and of ‘The Royal Families of England, Scotland, and Wales, and the Families descended from them,’ in 5 vols. 1847-51. Burke was also the editor of a short-lived periodical, entitled ‘The Patrician,’ Burke died at Aix-la-Chapelle on 27 March 1848. He married his cousin Mary (d. 1846), second daughter of Bernard O’Reilly of Ballymorris, Longford, by whom he had two sons, Peter [q. v.] and John Bernard. The latter, now known as Sir Bernard Burke, is Ulster king of arms. He greatly assisted his father in his genealogical labours from 1840 onwards, and has throughout his life devoted himself to similar pursuits.
[Burke's Landed Gentry, s. v. ‘Burke of Elm Hall;’ Gent. Mag. 1848, pt. i. 665; Brit, Mus. Cat.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cruden, William

​CRUDEN, WILLIAM (1725–1785), Scotch divine, was the son of Alexander Cruden, beadle at Pitsligo. He graduated M.A. at Aberdeen in 1743; became minister of Logie-Pert, near Montrose, in 1753; and was elected minister of the Scotch presbyterian church in Crown Court, Covent Garden, London, in 1773, in succession to Thomas Oswald. He died on 5 Nov. 1785, aged 60, and was buried in the Bunhill Fields cemetery. ​His works are:
* ‘Hymns on a variety of Divine Subjects,’ Aberdeen, 1761, 12mo.
* ‘Nature Spiritualised, in a variety of Poems, containing pious and practical observations on the works of nature, and the ordinary occurrences in life,’ London, 1766, 8vo.
* ‘Sermons on Evangelical and Practical Subjects,’ London, 1787, 8vo, with his portrait prefixed, engraved by T. Trotter from a painting by D. Allen.
[Wilson's Dissenting Churches, iv. 9; Addit. MS. 28518 a, Nos. 1710, 1711; Notes and Queries, 2nd series, iii. 447, 516; Scott's Fasti Ecclesiæ Scoticanæ, vol. iii. pt. ii. p. 838; Jones's Bunhill Memorials, 36.]
T. C.