OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Corinna

​CORINNA (Κόριννα), a Greek poetess, a native of Tanagra in Boeotia. According to some accounts (Eudocia, p. 270; Welcker, in Creuzer's Meletem, ii. pp. 10–17), she was the daughter of Achelodorus and Procratia. On account of her long residence in Thebes, she was sometimes called a Theban. She flourished about the beginning of the fifth century B. C., and was a contemporary of Pindar, whom she is said to have instructed (Plut. de Glor. Athen. iv. p. 348, a.), and with whom she strove for a prize at the public games at Thebes. According to Aelian (V. H. xiii. 25), she gained the victory over him five times. Pausanias (ix. 22. § 3) does not speak of more than one victory, and mentions a picture which he saw at Tanagra, in which she was represented binding her hair with a fillet in token of her victory, which he attributes as much to her beauty and to the circumstance that she wrote in the Aeolic dialect, as to her poetical talents. At a later period, when Pindar's fame was more securely established, she blamed her contemporary, Myrtis, for entering into a similar contest with him. (Apollon. Dyscol. in Wolf, Corinnae Carm. p. 56, &c.) The Aeolic dialect employed by Corinna had many Boeotian peculiarities. (Eustath. ad Od. vol. i. p. 376. 10, ad Il. vol. ii. p. 364. 22, ed. Lips.; Wolf, l. c.) She appears to have intended her poems chiefly for Boeotian ears; hence the numerous local references connected with Boeotia to be found in them. (Paus. ix. 20. § 1; Steph. Byz. s. v. Θέσπεια; Eustath. ad Il. vol. i. p. 215. 2. ed. Lips.; Schol. ad Apoll. Rhod. ii. 1177.) They were collected in five books, and were chiefly of a lyrical kind, comprising choral songs, lyrical nomes, parthenia, epigrams, and erotic and heroic poems. The last, however, seem to have been written in a lyrical form. Among them we find mentioned one entitled Iolaus, and one the Seven against Thebes. Only a few unimportant fragments have been preserved.
Statues were erected to Corinna in different parts of Greece, and she was ranked as the first and most distinguished of the nine lyrical Muses. She was surnamed Μύσα (the Fly). We have mention of a younger Corinna of Thebes, also surnamed Myia, who is probably the same with the contemporary of Pindar. And so also is probably a Myia or Corinna of Thespiae who is mentioned (Suidas, s.v. Κόριννα). The fragments that are left may be found in Ch. Wolf's Poët. octo Fragm. et Elog. Hamburg, 1734, and in A. Schneider's Poët. Graec Fragm. Giessen, 1802. [C.P. M.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Comanus

COMANUS (Κομανός), one of the ministers of Ptolemy Physcon (who had been placed on the throne of Egypt in the room of his exiled brother, Philometor), is introduced by Polybius as endeavouring by embassy and negotiation to obtain peace from Antiochus Epiphanes, B. C. 169, when the latter had gained possession of Egypt. (Pol. 28.16; comp. Liv. Epit. 46; V. Max. 5.1.1.) We hear of Comanus again in B. C. 162 as ambassador from Physcon to the Romans, to complain that Philometor refused to act up to their decree, by which Cyprus had been assigned to Physcon in the partition of the kingdom. (Pol. 31.27, xxxii. l; Diod. xxxi. Exc. de Legat. 23, p. 626.)
# Corona Cord Tire Company v. Dovan Chemical Corporation

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
276 U.S. 358
Corona Cord Tire Company v. Dovan Chemical Corporation
Argued: Jan. 16, 17, 1928. --- Decided: April 9, 1928
Messrs. Dean S. Edmonds and Frank E. Barrows, both of New York City, for petitioner.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 359-361 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. John W. Davis and James J. Kennedy, both of New York City, for respondent.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 362-364 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Chief Justice TAFT delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cornyn, Colleagues Demand Answers from DOJ on Aaron Swartz Case

* related authors: Aaron Swartz.
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U.S. Senator John Cornyn. (January 10, 2014). Cornyn, Colleagues Demand Answers from DOJ on Aaron Swartz Case. http://www.cornyn.senate.gov/public/index.cfm?p=NewsReleases&ContentRecord_id=d5699c8e-7816-4d14-b122-0f539a9ad61d.
Cornyn, Colleagues Demand Answers from DOJ on Aaron Swartz Case
U.S. Senator John Cornyn
OF TEXAS Cornyn, Colleagues Demand Answers from DOJ on Aaron Swartz Case
January 10, 2014
Cornyn, Colleagues Demand Answers from DOJ on Aaron Swartz Case
Jan 10 2014
WASHINGTON — Ahead of the one year anniversary of technologist Aaron Swartz’s death, U.S. Senator John Cornyn (R-TX) joined with colleagues in sending a letter to U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder seeking responses to the still unanswered questions about the aggressive prosecution Mr. Swartz was facing at the time of his death.
In addition to Sen. Cornyn, the letter is signed by U.S. Sens. Wyden (D-OR) and Flake (R-AZ), and U.S. Reps. Issa (R-CA), Sensenbrenner (R-WI), Grayson (D-FL), Lofgren (D-CA), and Polis (D-CO).
“We regret that the information your Department has provided to date has not been satisfactory – among other things, it painted a picture of prosecutors unwilling or unable to weigh what charges to pursue against a defendant, something which you have instructed federal prosecutors is ‘among [their] most fundamental duties.’
“In March, you testified that Mr. Swartz’s case was ‘a good use of prosecutorial discretion.’ We respectfully disagree. We hope your response to this letter is fulsome, which would help re-build confidence about the willingness of the Department to examine itself where prosecutorial conduct is concerned.”
The full text of the letter is attached.
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____________________
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Corona Daily Independent v. City of Corona/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
346 U.S. 833
Corona Daily Independent v. City of Corona
I dissent from a denial of certiorari in this case.
Petitioners publish a newspaper in Corona, California. The city has by ordinance imposed a license tax for the privilege of engaging in any business in the city, including the business of publishing a newspaper. Petitioners refused to pay the license fee, and the California courts have held that they may be compelled to do so.
We said in Murdock v. Com. of Pennsylvania, 319 U.S. 105, 113, 63 S.Ct. 870, 875, 87 L.Ed. 1292, that 'A state may not impose a charge for the enjoyment of a right granted by the federal constitution. Thus, it may not exact a license tax for the privilege of carrying on interstate commerce (McGoldrick v. Berwind-White (Coal Mining) Co., 309 U.S. 33, 56-58, 60 S.Ct. 388, 397, 398, 84 L.Ed. 565), although it may tax the property used in, or the income derived from, that commerce, so long as those taxes are not discriminatory. Id., 309 U.S. at page 47, 60 S.Ct. at page 392, 84 L.Ed. 565 and cases cited. A license tax applied to activities guaranteed by the First Amendment would have the same destructive effect. It is true that the First Amendment, like the commerce clause, draws no distinction between license taxes, fixed sum taxes, and other kinds of taxes. But that is no reason why we should shut our eyes to the nature of the tax and its destructive influence. The power to impose a license tax on the exercise of these freedoms is indeed as potent as the power of censorship which this Court has repeatedly struck down.'
The license tax involved here is a privilege tax in fact as well as in form-' a flat tax imposed on the exercise of a privilege granted by the Bill of Rights.' 319 U.S. at page 113, 63 S.Ct. at page 875. No government can exact a price for the exercise of a privilege which the Constitution guarantees.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Corona Coal Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
263 U.S. 537
Corona Coal Company v. United States
Argued: Nov. 23-26, 1923. --- Decided: Jan 7, 1924
Mr. Forney Johnston, of Washington, D. C., for appellant.
Mr. Alfred A. Wheat, of New York City, for the United States.
Mr. Justice SUTHERLAND delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Corona Daily Independent v. City of Corona

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
346 U.S. 833
Corona Daily Independent v. City of Corona
Mr. Frank Taylor Cotter, for petitioners.
Mr. John T. Ganahl, for respondent.
Mr. Justice BLACK and Mr. Justice DOUGLAS are of the opinion that the petition for writ of certiorari should be granted.
Memorandum filed by Mr. Justice DOUGLAS with which Mr. Justice BLACK concurs.
The CHIEF JUSTICE took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS, with whom Mr. Justice BLACK concurs.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Elias I., bp. of Jerusalem

Elias (1) I., bp. of Jerusalem, A.D. 494-513; an Arab by birth who was educated with Martyrius, in one of the Nitrian monasteries. Driven from Egypt by Timothy Aelurus, the two friends took refuge, a.d. 457, in the laura of St. Euthymius, who received them with great favour, and predicted that they would both be bishops of Jerusalem. After a time they quitted the laura, and Elias constructed a cell at Jericho. In 478 Martyrius succeeded Anastasius as bp. of Jerusalem, and was followed by Sallustius in 486, and in 494 by Elias. Moschus records that Elias practised total abstinence from wine both as monk and bishop (Prat. Spiritual. c. 25). His residence became the nucleus of a collection of cells of ascetics, which developed into a monastery adjacent to the church of the Anastasis (Cyril. Scythop. Vit. S. Sabae, c. 31). When Elias succeeded to the patriarchate, the Christian world exhibited a melancholy spectacle of discord. There were at least four great parties anathematizing one another. When the Monophysites (Acephali) in Syria, under the leadership of Xenaias of Hierapolis, broke into open insurrection, treating as heretics all who acknowledged the two natures, Elias was one of the chief objects of their attack. In 509 they demanded a confession of his faith, and Anastasius required him to convene a council to repudiate the decrees of Chalcedon. Elias declined, but drew up a letter to the emperor, containing a statement of his belief, accompanied by anathemas of
Nestorius, Eutyches, Diodorus, and Theodore of Mopsuestia. This was entrusted to members of the Acephali to convey to Constantinople. When opened, it was found to contain an anathema against the two natures. Elias reproached the bearers with having falsified the document and thus laid him open to the charge, which he found it very hard to refute, of having condemned the council of Chalcedon (Evagr. H. E. iii. 31; Theod. Lect. p. 561; Theophan. Chronogr. pp. 129, 130). Macedonius having been deposed a.d. 511, and Timotheus, an unscrupulous Monophysite monk, appointed to the see of Constantinople, Elias, whose principle appears to have been to accept the inevitable and to go the utmost possible length in obedience to the ruling powers, seized on the fact that he had abstained at first from anathematizing the council of Chalcedon, as a warrant for joining communion with him and receiving his synodical letter. Elias could not contend against his many unscrupulous enemies, and in 513 was driven from his see, dying in 518 in banishment Aila on the Red Sea shore, aet. 88. Tillem. Mém. Eccl. xvi.; Cyril. Scythop. Vita S. Euthymii; and other authorities cited above.
[E.V.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Elpidius (8), bp. of Laodicea

Elpidius (8), bp. of Laodicea in Syria at the close of the 4th cent. and opening of the 5th. He was originally a priest of Antioch under Meletius, whose confidence he enjoyed and with whom he resided (σύσκηνος) (Theod. H. E. v. 27). He shared in his master's sufferings under Valens, and accompanied by Flavian, attended him at the council of Constantinople a.d. 381 (Labbe, ii. 955). We next find him as bishop at a council at Constantinople a.d. 394 (Labbe, ii. 1151), and again at Constantinople at the close of a.d. 403, as a member of the council summoned by Chrysostom's enemies, and issuing in his deposition. Elpidius had been an intimate friend of Chrysostom at Antioch, and now lent the weight of his age and well-deserved reputation to the defence of his old associate. When the validity of the canons of the council of Antioch, of suspected orthodoxy, used by Chrysostom's enemies as an instrument to secure their object, came into question before the emperor, Elpidius adroitly turned the tables on Acacius and his party by proposing that the advocates of the canons should declare themselves of the same faith with those who had promulgated them (Pallad. Dial. c. 9, p. 80). After Chrysostom's deposition and exile, Elpidius exerted himself strenuously in his behalf, dispatching letters to bishops and faithful laity in all parts of the world, exhorting them to remain true to Chrysostom, and encouraging them to bear up against persecution. Chrysostom wrote to Elpidius shortly after his arrival at Cucusus in 404, thanking him most warmly, and giving him information concerning the place of his banishment, his companions, and his health (Chrys. Ep. 114). Four other letters from Chrysostom to Elpidius are extant, all written from Cucusus (Epp. 25, 138, a.d. 405; Ep. 131, a.d. 406; Ep. 142, a.d. 407).
Elpidius suffered for his fidelity to his friend in the persecution against the Joannite party under Atticus and Porphyry. In 406 he was deposed from his see, and was closely imprisoned in his house for three years (Pallad. Dial. p. 195). In 414 Alexander, succeeding Porphyry as bp. of Antioch, restored Elpidius to his see in a manner which testified deep reverence for his character, and pope Innocent heard of it with extreme satisfaction (Baron. 408 §§ 35, 37; Tillem. xi. 274).
[E.V.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Elagabalus, emperor

Elagabalus. The short reign of this feeble and profligate emperor, though not coming into direct contact with the history of the Christian church, is not without interest as a phase of the religious condition of the empire.
Varius Avitus Bassianus, as he was named at his birth, was of Phoenician descent, and born at Emesa, in Syria, c. a.d. 205. His mother, Julia Soëmia, and aunt, Julia Mammaea, were devoted to the worship of El-gabal (=God the Creator, or, according to less probable etymology, God of the Mountains), and he and his cousin Alexander Severus were in early childhood consecrated as priests of that deity, and the young Bassianus took the name of the god to whom he ministered.
Julia Mammaea had eclectic tendencies, and by her invitation the great Origen came to Antioch (probably, however, after the death of Elagabalus), and was received with many marks of honour. Eusebius, who relates the fact (H. E. vi. 21), speaks of her as a woman of exceptional piety (γυνὴ θεοσεβεστάτη εἰ καὶ τις ἄλλη γεγονυία), and we may trace her influence in the character of her son Alexander Severus. [Severus (2).] After spending some time at Nicomedia, where he entered on his second consulship, Elagabalus proceeded in a.d. 219 (the year in which Callistus succeeded Zephyrinus as bp. of Rome) to the capital. His short reign there was a frenzy of idolatrous impurity. His jealousy and suspicion led him to imprison Alexander Severus, whose virtue attracted the admiration both of soldiers and people, and whom, at his mother's advice, he had adopted and proclaimed as Caesar soon after arriving in Rome. The troops rose and rescued their favourite. The two sisters, each with her son, appeared at the head of their supporters, and the followers of Severus were victorious. Soëmia and the boy-emperor were thrown into the Tiber (hence the epithet Tiberinus afterwards attached to him in derision), and the senate branded his name with eternal infamy. Dio. Cass. lxxvii. 30-41, lxxix.; Herodian, v. 4-23; Lamprid. Elagab.; Capitolin. Macrinus; Eutrop. viii. 13; Aurel. Victor, de Caes. xxiii., Epit. xxiii.)
[E.H.P.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Emilianus (8), solitary

Emilianus (8) (Aemilianus, San Millan), solitary; claimed by the Spanish Benedictines as joint patron of Spain with St. James (Sandoval, Fundaciones de San Benito en España, Madrid, 1601). The only original source of information about him is his Life by St. Braulio bp. of Saragossa, written about 50 years after his death, on the testimony of four of his disciples. St. Braulio gives no dates and no names of parents, but the common tradition is that St. Emilianus was born c. 473, and died c. 572. His birthplace and the site of his oratory have caused much controversy, Castile claiming him as born at Berceo, close to the existing monastery of San Millan, while Aragon urges Verdeyo, near Calatayud.
He began life as a shepherd, and while following his flock over the mountains had the dream which caused his conversion. He betook himself to St. Felix, a neighbouring hermit, for instruction in Catholic belief and practice. He soon left Verdejo for the mountains, wandering N.W. into the remotest parts between Burgos and Logrono. For 40 years he lived a hermit's life there, mostly on or near the peak of La Cogolla (according to the tradition of the monastery; there is no mention of the Cogolla of St. Braulio's life), whence the after-name of the monastery which commemorated him—San Millan de la Cogolla. Didymus, bp. of Tarrazona (Turiasso), much against the saint's will; ordained him presbyter, and gave him the cure of Vergegium. Here his entire unworldliness drew upon him the hatred of his brother clergy. He was accused before Didymus of wasting the goods of the church, and deprived of his cure. Thus released from an unwelcome office, Emilianus passed the rest of his life at an oratory near Vergegium. During this second retirement, although his personal asceticism increased rather than diminished, he allowed himself to be surrounded by a small circle of disciples, and became widely famed for charity and tenderness towards the poor. St. Braulio nowhere speaks of him as monachus, but only as presbyter. Tamayo de Salazar, Martyr. Hisp. vi. 109; Esp. Sagrada, l. 2; Mabillon, saec. i.; Yepes, Chron. Benedictin. i. ann. 572; Sanchez, Poesias Cast. ant. al Siglo XV. vol. ii.
[M.A.W.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Edesius

Edesius (3) shared the romantic fortunes of his brother Frumentius, the first bp. of Auxumis (Axum), in the 4th cent. The biographical details at our disposal consist of a lengthy narrative, introduced, on the authority of Edesius, by Rufinus into his Ecclesiastical History (lib. i. 9). This narrative has been copied, with slight deviations, by Socrates (H. E. i. 19), Sozomen (ii. 24), and Theodoret (i. 23, 24). Cf. also Baronius (Ann. 327, viii. ix. x.). Frumentius and Edesius, the young relatives of Meropius, a Syrian philosopher (merchant), accompanied him on a voyage of adventure to India. On their return to Phoenicia by way of the Red Sea, they landed "at a certain port," where there was "a safe haven," and there suffered from the barbarous assault of the "Indians," who murdered all the ship's company except the two youths, who were conveyed as prizes to the king. He appointed Frumentius and Edesius as his treasurer and cup-bearer respectively. By their means Christianity was introduced among "the Indians." Their names in Ethiopian documents given by Ludolf (Hist. Eth. iii. 2) are Fremonatos and Sydvacus (cf. Gesenius, Aethiop. Kirche in Ersch and Gruber, and Hoffmann in Herzog's Encyc.). The word "India" is used with the same indefiniteness as are Ethiopia and Libya elsewhere. From the times of Aristotle to those of Eratosthenes and of Hipparchus, India and Africa were believed to unite at some unknown point S. of the Indian Ocean (Dict. Anc. Geogr. vol. ii. p. 45, art. "India"; Pliny, vi. 22-24). These "Indians" were Abyssinians, as we see from the subsequent career of Frumentius. The king, according to Ludolf's Ethiopian Codex, was called Abreha, and on drawing near his end, offered their liberty to the two youths. The queen-mother earnestly besought them to remain, to undertake the education of the young prince Erazanes, and to assist her in the regency during his minority. They consented, and lost no opportunity of diffusing a knowledge of Christ. They sought out Christian merchants trading in the country, gathered Christian disciples, and built houses of prayer, "that worship might be offered, and the Roman ecclesiastical routine observed" (Soz. l.c.). They were not in orders, and Frumentius went to Alexandria and asked for a bishop to be sent to Abyssinia. Athanasius consecrated Frumentius himself. Edesius remained at Tyre and became a presbyter of the church there, where Rufinus met him.
[H.R.R.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ashburnham, William

1904 Errata appended.
​ASHBURNHAM, WILLIAM (d. 1679), royalist, was the younger brother of John. He was member for Ludgershall in both the parliaments held in 1640, and in 1644 was governor of Weymouth, which place he kept four months for the king. Ten years later (3 June 1654) he was arrested and examined on the charge of complicity in that plot to murder the Protector for which Gerard and Vowel afterwards suffered. He does not, however, appear to have been sent before the high court of justice. After the Restoration he was made cofferer of the household. He was frequently a fellow-guest and a sharer in treasury business with Pepys, who styles him an 'experienced man and a cavalier.' His 'odd stories' are duly noted, and there was one touching the lease of Ashburnham House from the dean and chapter of Westminster, wherein the 'devilish covetousness' of Dr. Busby was commemorated.
R. C. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.9 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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| 164 | i | 13 | Ashburnham, William: after the household insert and was elected M.P. for Ludgers Hall in 1661, sitting till the dissolution of 1678 |