OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Abia

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Abia, my father is the Lord, the Greek form of Abijah, or Abijam Mt 1:7 instead of Abiah 1Ch 7:8 In Lu 1:5 the name refers to the head of the eighth of the twenty-four courses into which David divided the priests 1Ch 24:10
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Abednego

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Abednego servant of Nego=Nebo, the Chaldee name given to Azariah, one of Daniel's three companions (Daniel 2:49). With Shadrach and Meshach, he was delivered from the burning fiery furnace (Daniel 3:12-30).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Abel-beth-maachah

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Abel-beth-maachah Meadow of the house of Maachah, a city in the north of Palestine, in the neighbourhood of Dan and Ijon, in the tribe of Naphtali. It was a place of considerable strength and importance. It is called a "mother in Israel", i.e., a metropolis (2 Sam. 20:19). It was besieged by Joab (2 Sam. 20:14), by Ben-hadad (1 Kings 15:20), and by Tiglath-pileser (2 Kings 15:29) about B.C. 734. It is elsewhere called Abel-maim, meadow of the waters, (2 Chr. 16:4). Its site is occupied by the modern Abil or Abil-el-kamh, on a rising ground to the east of the brook Derdarah, which flows through the plain of Huleh into the Jordan, about 6 miles to the west-north-west of Dan.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Abel-mizraim

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Abel-mizraim Meadow of Egypt, or mourning of Egypt, a place "beyond," i.e., on the west of Jordon, at the "threshing-floor of Atad." Here the Egyptians mourned seventy days for Jacob (Gen. 50:4-11). Its site is unknown.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Asher

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Asher: happy, Jacob's eigth son; his mother was Zilpah, Leah's handmaid ( (Gen. 30:13)). Of the tribe founded by him nothing is recorded beyond its holding a place in the list of the tribes (Genesis 35:26; 46:17; Ex. 1:4, etc.) It increased in numbers twenty-nine percent, during the thirty-eight years' wanderings. The place of this tribe during the march through the desert was between Dan and Naphtali (Num. 2:27). The boundaries of the inheritance given to it, which contained some of the richest soil in Palestine, and the names of its towns, are recorded in Josh. 19:24-31; Judg. Asher and Simeon were the only tribes west of the Jordan which furnished no hero or judge for the nation. Anna the prophetess was of this tribe (Luke 2:36).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Ashkenaz

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Ashkenaz One of the three sons of Gomer (Gen. 10:3), and founder of one of the tribes of the Japhetic race. They are mentioned in connection with Minni and Ararat, and hence their original seat must have been in Armenia (Jer. 51:27), probably near the Black Sea, which, from their founder, was first called Axenus, and afterwards the Euxine.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Ashdoth-pisgah

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Ashdoth-pisgah (Deut. 3:17; Josh. 12:3; 13:20) in Authorized Version, but in Revised Version translated "slopes of Pisgah." In Deut. 4:49 it is translated in the Authorized Version "springs of Pisgah." The name Ashdoth is translated "springs" in the Authorized Version, but "slopes" in the Revised Version, of Josh. 10:40 and 12:8. It has been identified with the springs under Mount Nebo, now called `Ayun Musa.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Ashes

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Ashes The ashes of a red heifer burned entire (Num. 19:5) when sprinkled on the unclean made them ceremonially clean (Heb. 9:13).
To cover the head with ashes was a token of self-abhorrence and humiliation (2 Sam. 13:19; Esther 4:3; Jer. 6:26, etc.).
To feed on ashes (Isa. 44:20), means to seek that which will prove to be vain and unsatisfactory, and hence it denotes the unsatisfactory nature of idol-worship. (Comp. Hos. 12:1).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Ashpenaz

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Ashpenaz The master of the eunuchs of Nebuchadnezzar (Dan. 1:3), the "Rabsaris" of the court. His position was similar to that of the Kislar-aga of the modern Turkish sultans.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Asenath

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Asenath An Egyptian name, meaning "gift of the sun-god", daughter of Potipherah, priest of On or Heliopolis, wife of Joseph (Gen. 41:45). She was the mother of Manasseh and Ephraim (50-52; 46:20).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Ash

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Ash (Heb. o'ren, "tremulous"), mentioned only Isa. 44:14 (R.V., "fir tree"). It is rendered "pine tree" both in the LXX. and Vulgate versions. There is a tree called by the Arabs aran, found still in the valleys of Arabia Petraea, whose leaf resembles that of the mountain ash. This may be the tree meant. Our ash tree is not known in Syria.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Ashdod

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Ashdod Stronghold, a Philistine city (Josh. 15:47), about midway between Gaza and Joppa, and 3 miles from the Mediterranean. It was one of the chief seats of the worship of Dagon (1 Sam. 5:5). It belonged to the tribe of Judah (Josh. 15:47), but it never came into their actual possession. It was an important city, as it stood on the highroad from Egypt to Palestine, and hence was strongly fortified (2 Chr. 26:6; Isa. 20:1). Uzziah took it, but fifty years after his death it was taken by the Assyrians (B.C. 758). According to Sargon's record, it was captured by him in B.C. 711. The only reference to it in the New Testament, where it is called Azotus, is in the account of Philip's return from Gaza (Acts 8:40). It is now called Eshdud.
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Asherah

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Asherah And pl. Asherim in Revised Version, instead of "grove" and "groves" of the Authorized Version. This was the name of a sensual Canaanitish goddess Astarte, the feminine of the Assyrian Ishtar. Its symbol was the stem of a tree deprived of its boughs, and rudely shaped into an image, and planted in the ground. Such religious symbols ("groves") are frequently alluded to in Scripture (Ex. 34:13; Judg. 6:25; 2 Kings 23:6; 1 Kings 16:33, etc.). These images were also sometimes made of silver or of carved stone (2 Kings 21:7; "the graven image of Asherah," R.V.). (See [32]GROVE [1].).
# Easton's Bible Dictionary (1897)/Ashkelon

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Ashkelon =Askelon=Ascalon, was one of the five cities of the Philistines (Josh. 13:3; 1 Sam. 6:17). It stood on the shore of the Mediterranean, 12 miles north of Gaza. It is mentioned on an inscription at Karnak in Egypt as having been taken by king Rameses II., the oppressor of the Hebrews. In the time of the judges (Judg. 1:18) it fell into the possession of the tribe of Judah; but it was soon after retaken by the Philistines (2 Sam. 1:20), who were not finally dispossessed till the time of Alexander the Great. Samson went down to this place from Timnath, and slew thirty men and took their spoil. The prophets foretold its destruction (Jer. 25:20; 47:5, 7). It became a noted place in the Middle Ages, having been the scene of many a bloody battle between the Saracens and the Crusaders. It was beseiged and taken by Richard the Lion-hearted, and "within its walls and towers now standing he held his court." Among the Tell Amarna tablets (see [33]EGYPT) are found letters or official despatches from Yadaya, "captain of horse and dust of the king's feet," to the "great king" of Egypt, dated from Ascalon. It is now called `Askalan.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Mountford, Edward William

​MOUNTFORD, EDWARD WILLIAM (1855–1908), architect, born on 22 Sept. 1855 at Shipston-on-Stour, Worcestershire, was son of Edward Mountford by his wife Eliza Devonshire, daughter of William and Mary Richards of Northampton. After private education at Clevedon, Somersetshire, he was articled in 1872 to Habershon & Pite, architects, Bloomsbury Square, London. Starting independent practice in 1881, he achieved distinction by winning in 1890 the open competition for the Sheffield town hall. Throughout his career Mountford was exceptionally successful in competitions. The Museum and ​Technical School at Liverpool, an important group of buildings near St. George's Hall, followed shortly after the Sheffield work.
In Battersea he erected the town hall and the Polytechnic, and among other London buildings he designed St. Olave's grammar school, Southwark (1893); the Northampton Institute, Clerkenwell (1898); and finally his chief work, the Central Criminal Court at Old Bailey, occupying the site of Newgate Prison (1907) [see Dance, George, the younger].
Mountford believed in the association of first-rate sculpture and painting with architecture, and the Central Criminal Court affords a good example of such a union of the arts. His style developed from a free Renaissance method as exhibited at Sheffield to the more normal classic of the Old Bailey. He became an associate of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1881 and a fellow in 1890. He was for fourteen years a member of the council. In 1893-5 he was president of the Architectural Association. Though failing in health he was in January 1908 one of the eight specially selected competitors for the designing of the London County Council Hall. He died at his residence, 11 Craven Hill, London, W., on 7 Feb. 1908.
Mountford was twice married: (1) on 28 June 1888 to Jessie Elizabeth, daughter of John Saunders Smith of Northampton; (2) on 11 July 1903 to Dorothy, daughter of A. G. Hounsham of Hampstead Heath. He had a son by his first marriage, and a daughter by his second.
[R.I.B.A. Journal, vol. xv. 3rd ser. 1908, p. 274; Builder, 15 Feb. 1908; Architectural Rev., March 1908, xxiii. 136; information from Mr. F. Dare Clapham.]
P. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Morris, Philip Richard

​MORRIS, PHILIP RICHARD (1836–1902), painter, born at Devonport, Devonshire, on 4 Dec. 1836, was the youngest of the five children of John Simmons Morris, an iron founder, by his wife Anne Saunders. He was taken to London at the age of fourteen, with a view to being trained for his father's profession. But his mind was set upon an artist's career, and, largely owing to Holman Hunt's advice, Ms father overcame a rooted objection to his pursuit of art. Philip was soon allowed to work at the British Museum, where he applied himself particularly to drawing from the Elgin marbles. Having entered the Royal Academy Schools, Morris made striking progress, gaining three silver medals for drawing, painting, and portrait. In 1858 he won the gold medal and a travelling studentship which enabled him to visit Italy. He exhibited at the Royal Academy for the first time in the same year, and, save for five years, was represented there annually till 1901. He exhibited at the British Institution from 1857 to 1865. The beginning of his professional career was briUiantly successful and raised hopes in his brother artists and in the public that were destined to be disappointed by the achievement of his maturity. After Morris's election as A.R.A. in 1877 his powers began to wane, and in 1900 he retired voluntarily from the associateship. He died in London on 22 April 1902, and was buried at Kensal Green. He was married to a widow, Mrs, Sargeantson, daughter of J. Evans of Llangollen, and had two sons and three daughters.
For his earliest work Phil Morris chose his subjects from the drama of the sea and the sailor's life. It was his instinct for dramatic effectiveness and sentiment that made his art popular, both on the walls of exhibitions and in the form of engraved plates, and atoned to a certain extent for his shortcomings as a colourist. His landscape backgrounds were almost invariably the feeblest part of his pictures. Among his early sea pictures were : 'Voices from the Sea' (R.A. 1860); 'Driftwreck from the Armada' (1867); and 'Cradled in his Calling' (B.I. 1864). Then came a period during which he was almost exclusively attracted by religious subjects, such as 'The Shadow of the Cross' (acquired by the Baroness Burdett-Coutts and never exhibited); 'Where they Crucified Him' (B.I. 1864); 'Jesus Salvator' (1865); 'The Summit of Calvary' (1871); 'The Shepherd of Jerusalem.' None of his pictures, however, attained to more popularity than 'Sons of the Brave ' (1880), depicting the orphan boys of soldiers. Royal Military Asylum, Chelsea. Among other well-known works by him are 'The Knightly Mirror,' 'Good-bye, God Bless You' (1873), 'The Mowers' (1875), 'The Sailor's Wedding' (1876), 'The First Communion,' and 'The Reaper and the Flowers.'
[Mag. of Art, 1902; Victoria Mag., 1880; Graves's Royal Acad. Exhibitors; British Institution Exhibitors; private information.]
P. G. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Morgan, Edward Delmar

​MORGAN, EDWARD DELMAR (1840–1909), linguist and traveller, born at Stratford, Essex, on 19 April 1840, was only son of Edward John Morgan, an officer in the Madras artillery and later a member of the English factory or merchants' company in St. Petersburg, by his wife Mary Anne Parland. Educated at Eton, he early became a brilliant linguist. After leaving school he resided with his parents in St. Petersburg, and completely mastered the Russian language.
In 1872 he travelled first in Asia, making a journey in Persia with Sir John Underwood Bateman-Champain [q. v.], a director of the Indo-European telegraph. Morgan subsequently visited Kulja and the neighbouring parts of Central Asia. In 1876 he translated from the Russian the Central Asian explorer Przhevalsky's 'Mongolia, the Tangut Country and the Solitudes of Northern Tibet' (1876, 2 vols., with an introduction and notes by Colonel Henry Yule, C.B.). He also joined Sir Thomas Douglas Forsyth [q. v.] in translating the same author's 'From Kulja across the Tian-Shan to Lobnor' (1879). Morgan made later expeditions to Little Russia, in the language and literature of which he was learned, to the lower part of the Congo (1883), which gave him an intimate interest in the affairs of the Free State, to East Africa, and to the Baku oil region of Caucasia. Morgan, who was a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society for forty years, and served on its council, contributed much to its 'Journal.' He was also honorary secretary of the Hakluyt Society (1886-92), and collaborated with C. H. Coote in editing for it (1886) the 'Early Voyages and Travels to Russia and Persia, by Anthony Jenkinson and other Englishmen.' He was honorary treasurer for the Ninth International Congress of Orientalists (1892), in London, under Max Muller's presidency, and edited its transactions (1893). He died in London on 18 May 1909, and was buried at Copthorne, Sussex, where he chiefly resided in his later years. He married on 25 Sept. 1873 Bertha, daughter of Richard Thomas, by his wife Louisa de Visme, who died on 18 Feb. 1911 aged 101. Morgan had issue four sons and three daughters; the eldest son, Edward Louis Delmar Morgan, lieutenant R.N., died in 1900.
Besides the works mentioned, Morgan contributed a chapter on Askja to J. Cole's 'Summer Travelling in Iceland' (1882), and wrote a critical survey of the state of knowledge in 1894 of the Central Asian mountain systems, in the 'Scottish Geographical Magazine,' x. 337.
[Geographical Journal, xxxiv. 94; private information.]
O. J. R. H.