OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Crane, Lucy

​CRANE, LUCY (1842–1882), art critic, born on 22 Sept. 1842 in Liverpool, was the daughter of Thomas Crane [q. v.], portrait and miniature painter. From Liverpool the family removed to Torquay in 1845. Lucy Crane afterwards went to school in London, and in 1859 the family left Torquay for London. From an early age Lucy Crane showed considerable taste and skill in drawing and colouring. Circumstances, however, turned her attention to general educational work. She became an accomplished musician, and was not only distinguished for her delicacy of touch as an executant, but also for the classical refinement of her taste and her knowledge of the earlier Italian and English. She devoted her leisure to literature, writing in both verse and prose. She contributed to the ‘Argosy,’ and wrote the original verses (‘How Jessie was Lost,’ ‘The Adventures of Puffy,’ ‘Annie and Jack in London,’ and others) and rhymed versions of well-known nursery legends for her brother Walter's coloured toy-books. The selection and arrangement of the accompaniments to the nursery songs in the ‘Baby's Opera’ and ‘Baby's Bouquet’ are also due to her; and a new translation by her of the ‘Hausmärchen’ of the Brothers Grimm was illustrated by her brother, Walter Crane. ​In the last few years of her life Lucy Crane delivered lectures in London and the north on ‘Art and the Formation of Taste,’ which after her death were illustrated and published by Thomas and Walter Crane (1882), together with a short and appreciative notice of the authoress. She died on 31 March 1882, at the house of a friend at Bolton-le-Moors.
A. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Crampton, Victoire

​CRAMPTON, VICTOIRE, Lady (1837–1871), singer, second daughter of Michael William Balfe [q. v.], was born in the Rue de la Victoire, Paris, 1 Sept. 1837, and evincing a passionate taste for music, even when a child, received early and able instruction in that science. She entered the Conservatoire de Musique while very young, and studied the pianoforte for about two years. She was then removed to London and placed under the care of Sterndale Bennett. In the meanwhile her father watched and carefully trained her voice. Her vocal studies were at first entirely superintended by him, but when it appeared that her organ was developing into a pure soprano, in 1853, the assistance of Emmanuel Garcia was secured. In a short time she acquired a perfect mastery over her voice, and a visit to Italy and a series of practising lessons from Signor Busti and Signor Celli completed her education. When eighteen years of age she again studied in Italy, and afterwards returning to London, made her appearance under Frederick Gye's management at the Lyceum Theatre on 28 May 1857. Her character was Amina in ‘Sonnambula,’ and a more successful début could scarcely be imagined. Her voice proved to be a high soprano, fresh and pure in quality, ranging from low C to C in alt, and remarkable for its great flexibility and even sweetness through​out. Her next rôle was that of Lucia in Donizetti's opera on 21 July, when the audience were charmed with her exertions, and recalled her many times. At the conclusion of the season she proceeded to Dublin, then to Birmingham, and afterwards to Italy. At Turin in 1858 she achieved a brilliant success, and added the part of Zerlina in ‘Don Giovanni’ to her répertoire. On coming back to England she commenced an engagement under E. T. Smith at Drury Lane on 25 April 1859, and appeared during the season as Amina, Lucia, and Zerlina. Her singing, however, was not so effective as before, her physical powers were limited, as they had not improved by her practice in Italy and elsewhere, and her vocalisation was heard to less advantage in Drury Lane than it had been in the smaller area of the Lyceum. She played the rôle of Arline in her father's opera of ‘La Zingara’ (‘The Bohemian Girl’) for his benefit in July 1859. On 31 March 1860, while fulfilling an engagement in St. Petersburg, she was married to Sir John Fiennes Twisleton Crampton, bart. [q. v.], the British envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary at the court of Russia, but this marriage was annulled on her petition on 20 Nov. 1863 (Times, 21 Nov. 1863, p. 11, col. 2). She married secondly in 1864 the Duc de Frias. She died at Madrid 22 Jan. 1871, and was buried in Burgos Cathedral. She left three children.
[Drawing-room Portrait Gallery (3rd ser., 1860), with portrait; Illustrated News of the World, 28 May 1859, pp. 323, 328, with portrait; Illustrated London News, 25 July 1857, p. 90, and 1 Aug., p. 115, with portrait; Kenney's Memoir of M. W. Balfe (1875), pp. 249, 259–62.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Crane, Nicholas

​CRANE, NICHOLAS (1522?–1588?), presbyterian, of Christ's College, Cambridge, was imprisoned in 1568 for performing service in the diocese of London out of the Geneva prayer-book, which he called ‘the most sincere order,’ and for railing against the usages of the church. After a year's imprisonment he was released by the interposition of Bishop Grindal on making a promise to behave differently. As he did not keep this promise the bishop inhibited him. The Londoners of his party complained of this prohibition to the council, alleging that the bishop's conduct drove them ‘to worship in their houses.’ Grindal wrote to the council, pointing out that his action in the matter had been misrepresented. Crane's failure to keep his promise is said to have been the reason why Sandys, on succeeding Grindal in the see of London in 1570, called in all ‘the clerks' tolerations.’ He now appears to have taken up his residence at Roehampton, Surrey, and in 1572 joined in setting up a presbytery, ‘the first-born of all the presbyteries in England’ (Fuller, iv. 384), at the neighbouring village of Wandsworth. His nonconformity was grounded rather on disapproval of the vestments and usages prescribed by the church than on dissent from her doctrines. In 1577 he signed a letter from nine ministers to Cartwright, who was then abroad, declaring that the writers continued steadfast in their opposition to ceremonies, and in 1583 he subscribed the Latin epistle exhorting Cartwright to publish his confutation of the Rhemish translation of the New Testament in spite of the prohibition of the archbishop. His name is also attached to the petition sent by the imprisoned nonconformists to the lord treasurer. By June 1588 he had died in Newgate ‘of the infection of the prison’ at the age of 66. He married Elizabeth Carleton, and left children by her. His reasons for nonconformity are contained in ‘Parte of a Register,’ pp. 119–24 (Brook). In the summer and autumn of 1588 Udall, Penry, and the printer Waldegrave were at Mrs. Crane's house at East Molesey, Surrey, a case of type was brought thither from her house in London, and the ‘Demonstration of Discipline,’ and the first of the Martin Marprelate books, ‘The Epistle,’ were printed there.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cranch, John

​CRANCH, JOHN (1751–1821), painter, born at Kingsbridge, Devonshire, 12 Oct. 1751, taught himself as a boy drawing, writing, and music, and while a clerk at Axminster also received instruction from a catholic priest. Inheriting some money, he came to London and painted portraits and historical pictures. He failed, however, to get a place on the walls of the Academy, but was more successful at the Society of Artists, to which he contributed ‘Burning of the Albion Mills,’ and at the British Institution, to which he contributed eight pictures in 1808. His best picture was ‘The Death of Chatterton,’ now in the possession of Sir James Winter Lake, bart., who also owns a portrait of Cranch, which was engraved by John Thomas Smith. He is said to have excelled in ‘poker-pictures,’ and to have been befriended by Sir Joshua Reynolds. Reynolds in his youth had received valuable assistance from a Mr. and Mrs. Cranch of Plympton, Devonshire, who were doubtless relatives of John Cranch. After residing many years at Bath, Cranch died there in his seventieth year in February 1821. He published two works—‘On the Economy of Testaments’ (1794), and ‘Inducements to promote the Fine Arts of Great Britain by exciting Native Genius to independent Effort and original Design’ (1811). There is a picture by him in the South Kensington Museum.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880; Gent. Mag. (1821), xci. 189; Catalogues of the British Institution, &c.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Crane, Ralph

​CRANE, RALPH (fl. 1625), poet, was the author of a little volume of verse, now very rare, which was first published in 1621 under the title of ‘The Workes of Mercy, both Corporeall and Spirituall,’ with a dedication to John Egerton, earl of Bridgwater. The book was republished about 1625—no date is given on the title-page—with the new title, ‘The Pilgrimes New Yeares Gift, or Fourteene Steps to the Throne of Glory, by the 7 Corporeall and 7 Spirituall Acts of Charitie and those made Parallels,’ London (printed by M. F.) The author's ‘Induction’ in verse opens the book, and we learn there that Crane was born in London, the son of a well-to-do member of the Merchant Taylors' Company. He was brought up to the law; served Sir Anthony Ashley [q. v.] seven years as clerk; afterwards wrote for the lawyers; witnessed unhurt the ravages of the plagues in the beginning of the seventeenth century, and began writing poetry late in life when he was suffering much from poverty and sickness. Crane's verse is of a very pedestrian order, and his pious reflections are less readable than his autobiographic induction. A copy of the first edition is in the Bodleian and one of the second edition is in the British Museum. An extract is printed in Farr's ‘Select Poetry, temp. James I’ (Parker Soc.), 322–3. In 1589 Thomas Lodge dedicated ‘Scillaes Metamorphosis’ to one Ralph Crane, who is probably identical with the poet. Crane employed himself in his later years in copying out popular works and dedicating his transcripts to well-known persons in the hope of receiving pecuniary recompense. On 27 Nov. 1625 he sent to Sir Kenelm Digby, with a letter signed by himself, a transcript of Beaumont and Fletcher's ‘Humorous Lieutenant,’ which he entitled ‘Demetrius and Enanthe, by John Fletcher.’ The manuscript now belongs to W. W. E. Wynne, esq., of Peniarth, Merionethshire, and has been printed by the Rev. Alexander Dyce (1830). In MS. Harl. 3357 is another of Crane's transcripts, entitled ‘A Handfull of Celestiall Flowers.’ It is a collection of sacred poems by W. Davison, Thomas Randolph, and others, dedicated by ​Crane to Sir Francis Ashley, the brother of his late patron, Sir Anthony. A similar manuscript volume (MS. Harl. 6930) is also in all probability Crane's handiwork. In Heber's library was a fourth transcript by Crane, entitled ‘Poems by W. A[ustin?].’
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Galmoy, Viscount

​GALMOY, Viscount (1652–1740). [See Butler, Pierce.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gally, Henry

​GALLY, HENRY, D.D. (1696–1769), divine and classical scholar, son of the Rev. Peter Gally, a French protestant refugee, was born at Beckenham, Kent, in August 1696. He was admitted a pensioner of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, under the tuition of Mr. Fawcett, 8 May 1714, and became a scholar of that house in the following July. He graduated B.A. in 1717, M.A. in 1721, and was upon the king's list for the degree of D.D., to which he was admitted 25 April 1728, when George II visited Cambridge. In 1721 he was chosen lecturer of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, and on 23 Nov. in the same year was instituted to the rectory of Wavendon or Wandon, Buckinghamshire, on the presentation of his father (Lipscombe, Buckinghamshire, iv. 396). Lord-chancellor King appointed him his domestic chaplain in 1725, and preferred him to a prebend in the church of Gloucester, 15 May 1728, and to another in the church of Norwich in 1731 (Le Neve, Fasti, i. 450, ii. 498). He also presented him to the rectory of Ashney or Ashton, Northamptonshire, in 1730, and to that of St. Giles-in-the-Fields in 1732. Gally now resigned the rectory of Wavendon, in which he was succeeded by his father.' The king made him one of his chaplains in ordinary in October 1735. Gaily died on 7 Aug. 1769.
He was author of:
* 'The Misery of Man,' 1723; being the substance of two sermons preached at St. Paul's, Covent Garden.
* 'The Moral Characters of Theophrastus, translated from the Greek with notes. To which is prefixed a critical essay on Characteristic-Writings,' London, 1725, 8vo; dedicated to Lord Carteret, lord-lieutenant of Ireland.
* 'The Reasonableness of Church and College Fines asserted, and the Rights which Churches and Colleges have in their Estates defended,' 1731, when a bill was introduced into the House of Commons to alter the tenure of their estates, and to ascertain the fines payable on the renewal of their leases. It was written in answer to a treatise by 'Everard Fleetwood,' i. e. S. Burroughs, to which replies were also written by Dr. Roger Long and Dr. William Derham [q. v.]
* 'A Sermon preached before the House of Commons on June 11, 1739, being the anniversary of his majesty's accession,'
* 'Some Considerations upon Clandestine Marriages,' 1750, 8vo (two editions). This pamphlet was noticed in parliament in the debates on the Marriage Act (Earl of Orford, Works, v. 37).
* 'A Dissertation against pronouncing the Greek Language according to accents,' 1754, 8vo (anon.)
* 'A second Dissertation against pronouncing the Greek Language according to accents, in answer to Mr. [John] Foster's Essay,' 1763, 8vo (anon.)
These two essays were reprinted with Foster's 'Essay on the different nature of Accent and Quantity,' 1820.
He edited 'Some Thoughts concerning the proper method of Studying Divinity,' by W. Wotton, DD.
[Addit. MS. 5870, f. 128; Cantabrigienses Graduati (1787), p. 152; Gent. Mag, xxxix. 414; Lamb's Corpus Christi Coll. p. 469; Masters's Corpus Christi Coll. p. 291; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ii. 274.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Galpine, John

​GALPINE, JOHN (d. 1806), author of 'Synoptical Compend of the British Flora,' was elected an associate of the Linnean Society 20 Feb. 1798; the preface to his work above cited was dated Blandford, 1 Jan. 1806, and he died before 24 May of the same year. After his death three enlarged editions were printed by a London bookseller, dated respectively 1819, 1829, 1834.
[Archives, Linnean Society.]
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Galton, Mary Ann

​GALTON, Miss MARY ANN (1778–1856). [See Schimmelpenninck.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Galway, Earl of

​GALWAY, Earl of (d. 1720). [See Massue de Ruvigny, Henry de.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gambier, Edward John

​GAMBIER, Sir EDWARD JOHN (1794–1879), chief justice of Madras, third son of Samuel Gambier, first commissioner of the navy (1752–1813), by Jane, youngest daughter of Daniel Mathew of Felix Hall, Essex, and nephew of Admiral James, baron Gambier [q. v.], was born in 1794 and entered at Eton in 1808. He afterwards proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, where he took his bachelor's degree in 1817. He was ninth senior optime, and junior chancellor's medallist; he proceeded M.A. in 1820, and became a fellow of his college. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn 7 Feb. 1822, and acted as one of the municipal corporation commissioners in 1833. The recordership of Prince of Wales Island was conferred on him in 1834, and he was knighted by William IV at St. James's Palace on 6 Aug. in that year. He was removed to Madras 28 Nov. 1836 as a puisne judge of the supreme court, and raised to the chief justiceship there 11 March 1842, being sworn in on 22 May. The duties of this high post he discharged with ability and efficiency until his retirement in 1849, when he received from the Hindu community of Madras a testimonial consisting of a silver centre-piece weighing 550 ounces, and Lady Gambier was at the same time presented with a handsome tripod centrepiece by the European ladies of Madras (Illustrated London News, 1 Feb. 1851, p. 77, with views of the testimonials). ‘A Treatise on Parochial Settlement,’ which he published in 1828, went to a second edition under the editorship of J. Greenwood in 1835. He died at 22 Hyde Park Gate, Kensington, London, 31 May 1879, in his eighty-sixth year. He married in 1828 Emilia Ora, daughter of C. Morgell, M.P.; she died on 25 Feb. 1877.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hind, John

​HIND, JOHN (1796–1866), mathematician, born in Cumberland in 1796, entered St. John's College, Cambridge, as a sizar, on 2 Feb. 1813, but was elected to a scholarship in 1815. He graduated B.A. in 1818 as second wrangler and second Smith's prizeman, and the next year was chosen Taylor mathematical lecturer and fellow-commoner (B.A.) of Sidney Sussex College. In 1821 he proceeded M.A., and took orders; was elected fellow in 1823, but resigned his lectureship in that year, and his fellowship in the year following. For some time he acted as tutor. He acted as moderator in 1822, 1823, and 1826, and as examiner in 1824 and 1827. He died at Cambridge on 17 Dec. 1866, aged 70 (Gent. Mag. 4th ser. iii. 254). He was married and had a family. He was fellow of the Cambridge Philosophical Society and of the Royal Astronomical Society, and published:
* 'The Principles of the Differential and Integral Calculus, vol. i.,' 8vo, Cambridge, 1827.
* 'The Elements of Plane and Spherical Trigonometry,' &c., 2nd edit., 8vo, Cambridge,' 1828; 5th edit. 1855.
* 'The Elements of Algebra,' &c., 8vo, Cambridge, 1829; 6th edit, revised, 1855.
* 'The Principles of the Differential Calculus, with its application to Curves and Curve Surfaces. … Second ​Edit.,' 8vo, Cambridge. 1831.
* 'A Digested Series of Examples in the applications of the Principles of the Differential Calculus,' 8vo, Cambridge, 1832.
* 'The Principles and Practice of Arithmetic,' 8vo, Cambridge, 1832; 8th edit., with a new appendix of miscellaneous questions, 1856.
* 'The Principles and Practice of Arithmetical Algebra, &c., 3rd edit.,' 8vo, Cambridge, 1855.
* 'The Solutions of the Questions in the Principles and Practice of Arithmetic, 2nd edit.,' 12mo, Cambridge, 1856.
[Light Blue, ii. 120; information kindly supplied by the master of Sidney Sussex College; Cambr. Univ. Calendars; Hind's Works.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hincks, Edward

​HINCKS, EDWARD, D.D. (1792–1866), orientalist, eldest son of Thomas Dix Hincks [q. v.], was born at Cork, 19 Aug. 1792, and after a home education proceeded in 1807 to Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated B.A. with the gold medal in 1811. In 1825 he was appointed rector of Killyleagh, co. Down, and there he constantly resided until his death, 3 Dec. 1866. Despite the seclusion of his country rectory, Hincks established a reputation of the first order among the pioneers of cuneiform decipherment. His earlier contributions to the ‘Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy’ were chiefly on the subject of Egyptian hieroglyphics, and Dr. Brugsch has placed on record (Zeitschr. d. deutsch. morg. Gesellschaft, vol. iii.) his opinion that Hincks was the first to employ the true method for their decipherment. In 1846 his studies were directed to Assyrian, ​as is shown by his paper (in the ‘Trans. R. I. A.’) on the so-called Median and Persian inscriptions, and others on the Babylonian inscriptions, and those of Van, which he then regarded as Indo-European with a practically Babylonian alphabet. The analytical powers displayed in these essays are very considerable. Hincks enjoyed the distinction of the discovery at Killyleagh of the Persian cuneiform vowel system (R. I. A. vol. xxi.) simultaneously with Rawlinson's independent discovery of the same at Bagdad, and his review of the latter's memoir on the Behistun inscriptions (Dublin University Magazine, January 1847) is at once luminous and scholarly. Many other discoveries may be noted among his numerous articles, mainly contributed to the ‘Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy,’ of which the chief are: ‘The Enchorial Language of Egypt,’ 1833; ‘On the Egyptian Stele,’ 1847; ‘Catalogue of the Egyptian MSS. in the Library of Trinity College, Dublin,’ 1843; ‘On the Hieroglyphic Alphabet,’ 1847; ‘On the three kinds of Persopolitan Writing,’ 1847; ‘On the Khorsabad Inscriptions,’ 1850; ‘On the Assyrio-Babylonian Phonetic Character,’ 1850; ‘Assyrian Mythology,’ 1850; ‘On the Chronology of the 26th Egyptian Dynasty,’ 1850; ‘On Certain Ethnological Boulders,’ 1850; ‘List of Assyrio-Babylonian Characters with Phonetic Values,’ 1852; ‘On the Relation between the Accadian and the Indo-European, Semitic, and Egyptian Languages,’ 1855 (?); ‘On the Assyrian Verbs’ (Journal Sacred Lit. 1855), 1856; ‘Inscr. of Tiglath Pileser,’ 1857; ‘On the Polyphony of the Assyrio-Babylonian Cuneiform Character,’ 1863; ‘Hiéroglyphes et cunéiformes’ (in Chabas' ‘Mélanges Egyptologiques,’ 1864); ‘Assyrio-Babylonian Measures of Time,’ 1865. He began an ‘Assyrian Grammar’ in the ‘Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society’ (new ser. iii. 1866), but left no materials for its completion.
[Annual Report of the Royal Asiatic Society, 1867; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
S. L-P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hinde, William

​HINDE, WILLIAM (1569?–1629), puritan divine, born at Kendal, Westmoreland, about 1569, entered Queen's College, Oxford, in Michaelmas term 1586 as a servitor, but was elected successively tabarder and perpetual fellow. He graduated B.A. on 2 July 1591 (Wood, Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, i. 254), and M.A. on 2 July 1594 (ib. i. 267). About 1603 he became perpetual curate of Bunbury, Cheshire, in which county, says Wood, he was ‘esteemed the ringleader of the nonconformists during the time that Dr. Thomas Morton sate bishop of Chester, with whom he had several contests about conformity.’ He was, in fact, in constant trouble through his so-called ‘indifferency’ (Barwick, Life of Bishop Morton, 1669, passim). Hinde died at Bunbury in June 1629, and was buried there.
A devoted admirer of John Rainolds, Hinde published the latter's ‘Prophecie of Obadiah opened and applyed in sundry … sermons,’ 4to, Oxford, 1613, and ‘The Discovery of the Man of Sinne … preached in divers sermons,’ 4to, Oxford, 1614. With J. Dod he revised and edited Robert Cleaver's ‘Bathshebaes Instructions to her sonne Lemuel: containing a fruitfull … exposition of the last chapter of Proverbs,’ 4to, London, 1614. His own writings include:
* ‘A Path to Pietie, leading to the Way, the Truth, and the Life, Christ Jesus,’ 8vo, Oxford, 1613.
* ‘The Office and Use of the Moral Law of God in the days of the Gospel justified and explained at large,’ &c., 4to, London, 1623.
* ‘A faithful Remonstrance: or the Holy Life and Happy Death of John Bruen of Bruen-Stapleford, in the County of Chester, Esq.,’ 8vo, London, 1641, published by Hinde's son Samuel, who was chaplain to Charles II and incumbent of St. Mary's Church, Dover.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 461–24; B. Brook's Puritans, ii. 36; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. G.