OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schnee

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schnee. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schnee, masculine, ‘snow,’ from the equivalent Middle High German sné, Old High German snêo, masculine; a common Teutonic term which may be traced back to Old Aryan; this is all the more remarkable, since no words common to the Aryan group can be adduced for ‘hail’ and ‘rain.’ Gothic snaiws, Old Icelandic snœ́r, Anglo-Saxon snâw, English snow, Dutch sneeuw. The common Teutonic snaiwa-z, masculine, ‘snow,’ from an earlier snoigó-s (prior to the Old High German permutation snoighwós) corresponds to Old Slovenian sněgu, Lithuanian snégas, ‘snow’; allied to the Teutonic root snī̆w, from pre-Teutonic snī̆gh, preserved in Modern High German schneien Middle High German snîen, Old High German snîwan. To this corresponds Latin ninguere, ‘to snow,’ and nix (nivis), ‘snow,’ Greek νέφει, ‘it snows’ (φ equivalent to ghw), accusative γίφα, ‘snow’ (all these have lost an initial s before n); Lithuanian snìgti, ‘to snow,’ Old Irish snechta, ‘snow,’ Zend snìż, ‘to snow.’ The Sanscrit root snih, ‘to become damp, melt away,’ is divergent in meaning; it must also be noted that the term for ‘snow’ differs in most of the Aryan dialects (Zend vafra, ‘snow’). Thus we have a West Aryan and Persian (but not an Indian and Armenian) verbal root snī̆gh, ‘to now’; the term ‘snow’ is of more recent origin. See Winter.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schneider

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schneider. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schneider, masculine, ‘cutter, tailor,’ from the equivalent Middle High German snîdœre, masculine, is connected with the meaning of Middle High German snîden.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schnauze

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schnauze. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schnauze, feminine, ‘snout, muzzle, nozzle,’ Modern High German only; an imitation of Low German snûte, Dutch snuit, ‘snout,’ though wrongly influenced in its dental sound perhaps by Middle High German sniutzen, Modern High German schneuzen; compare English snout and the equivalent Middle English snoute. The form with a correctly permutated Middle High German ȥ, equivalent to Modern High German sz, is preserved in Modern High German (dialectic) schnaußen, ‘to snarl, junket, suck.’ For further remarks see schneuzen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schnecke

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schnecke. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schnecke, feminine, ‘snail, slug, spiral staircase,’ from Middle High German snëcke, masculine, ‘snail, tortoise, spiral staircase,’ Old High German snëcko, masculine, ‘snail’; corresponding to Low German snigge (Gothic *snigga, masculine, is wanting). Gothic *snagils is implied by Middle High German snęgel, Modern High German (Hessian) Schnegel, ‘snail,’ Low German snagel, Anglo-Saxon snœgel, English snail. Compare further Old Icelandic snigell.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schnalle

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schnalle. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schnalle, feminine, ‘buckle, clasp,’ from Middle High German snalle, feminine, ‘buckle,’ shoe-buckle,’ allied to Middle High German snal, masculine, ‘quick movement’ (for the proper term for buckle see Rinken). Hence the word is probably named from the rapid movement of the spring. See the following word and schnell.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pause

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Pause. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pause, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German pûse, feminine, ‘pause, rest’; borrowed in Middle High German from French pause (Latin and Italian pausa), whence also Dutch poos and English pause. The Latin-Romance word passed through a German medium to the North. Compare Danish pause, Swedish paus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pech

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Pech. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pech, neuter, from the equivalent Middle High German pëch, bëch (compare Papst), Old High German pëh, bëh, neuter, ‘pitch’; Middle High German pfich (very rare), from Old High German *pfih, unless it is a phonetic transcription of the Latin or Low German word. It corresponds to Old Saxon pik, neuter, Dutch pik, pek, Anglo-Saxon pič, neuter, English pitch; Old Icelandic bik. The Teutonic cognates are based on a Latin-Romance word; Latin picem, accusative of pix (with regard to the oblique case as the base compare Kreuz). Compared with Kreuz from crŭcem, the preservation of the guttural as k and of the vowel quantity in the stem is an important element in the history of the word. Latin pĭcem was naturalized at a much earlier period in German than crŭcem, probably in the 7th century. Compare further Italian pece, French poix, ‘pitch,’ from Latin picem (nominative pix).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pedell

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Pedell. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pedell, masculine, ‘beadle, messenger of a court or council,’ first occurs in early Modern High German; from Middle Latin bidellus, pedellus; bedelli universitatum is recorded in 1350. As the usher of a court of justice the word bedellus appears as early as the 13th century, and, like its Romance cognates (Italian bidello, French bedeau, ‘beadle’), is derived from Old High German bital, pital (Middle High German bitel), a derivative of Old High German bitten, ‘to invite, cite.’ See Büttel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pavian

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Pavian. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pavian, masculine, ‘baboon,’ Modern High German only, formed from Dutch baviaan (High German p for Dutch b, as in pappeln); the latter, like English baboon, is derived from French babouin, ‘baboon’ (Italian babbuino, Middle Latin babuinus). The derivation of these cognates from Middle Latin papio, ‘wild dog,’ is not satisfactory; their origin must be sought for somewhere in the South. Late in the 13th century the term passed into Romance and then into English; in Germany the animal seems to have been shown for the first time at the Imperial Diet at Augsburg in the year 1552 A.D.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Paß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Paß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Paß, masculine, ‘pass, mountain road, passport,’ Modern High German only, from Dutch pas, ‘step, passage, pass.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pedant

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Pedant. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pedant, masculine, ‘pedant,’ Modern High German only, from French pédant, Italian pedante, of which the originally meaning was ‘instructor’ (the ultimate source is Greek παιδεύειν). “How the word obtained its modern sense is easily seen.”
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Peitsche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Peitsche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Peitsche, feminine, ‘whip, lash,’ early Modern High German, from Bohemian bič (Polish bicz).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pekesche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Pekesche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pekesche, feminine, ‘laced coat, hussar's jacket,’ from Polish bekiesza.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pegel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Pegel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pegel, masculine, ‘water-mark,’ Modern High German only, from the similar Low German form; compare Dutch pegel, ‘gauge-mark, standard,’ and peil, ‘gauge-mark, scale on which the height of the water is marked.’ These words are derived, like Anglo-Saxon pœgel, English pail, from a Teutonic root pag, which also appears in Alemannian pfeχte, pfeχe, ‘to gauge.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Pein

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Pein. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Pein, feminine, from the equivalent Middle High German pîne, pîn, Old High German pîna, feminine, ‘pain, punishment, torture’; adopted during the Old High German period on the introduction of Christianity from Latin poena, which was pronounced pêna in Middle Latin (compare Italian pena); Middle Latin ê appears in High German as î in other cases also (see Kreide and Feier), Compare Old Saxon pîna, Dutch pijn, Anglo-Saxon pîn, English pine (a later variant of pain); also Old Irish pían (genitive péne).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Tümpel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Tümpel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Tümpel, m., ‘pool, deep part of a lake’; a MidG. form for MidHG. tümpfel, ‘deep place in flowing or standing water, pool, puddle,’ OHG. tumfilo, m., ‘whirlpool’ (whence the equiv. Ital. tonfano). A derivative of the nasalized root dup, ‘to be deep’ (see taufen, tief), which appears also in E. dimple, Du. dompelen, ‘to dive, plunge,’ dompelaar, ‘diver’ (bird). Pre-Teut. dhumb, ‘to be deep,’ is also assumed by Lith. dumbu, ‘to get hollow.’ Comp. also Topf.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Tüttel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Tüttel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Tüttel, m., ‘dot,’ ModHG. only; entirely distinct from Titel. It is identical with MidHG. tüttel (tütelîn), n., ‘nipple, teat’: dimin. of the equiv. OHG. tutta, MidHG. tutte.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ufer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ufer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ufer, n., ‘shore, bank (of a river),’ a MidG. and LG. word (adopted like Boot, Strand, &c., in the written language), from the equiv. MidHG. uover, n. OHG. *uofar (Goth. *ôfr?) is wanting; nor is the word known even now to the UpG. dialects. Comp. MidLG. ôver, Du. oever, AS. ôfer (obsolete in E.; yet Windsor is equiv. to AS. Windles ôfer, ‘the bank of the Windel’). West Teut. ôfor has been considered, probably without reason, a cognate of Sans. ap, ‘water’ (for the evolution of meaning comp. Au), and Lat. amnis (for *apnis?), ‘river.’ UpG. (Bav.) urvar, ‘haven, landing-place, bank,’ of the MidHG. period, points rather to a Goth. *us-far, ‘haven’; Goth.-Teut. uz appears in some West Teut. dialects as ô (OHG. uo). Hence Ufer is lit. ‘departure, setting out’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/U

* A - B - C - D - E - F - G - H - I - J - K - L - M - N - O - P - Q - R - S - T - U - V - W - Z
* übel
* üben
* über
* Überdruß
* überflüssig
* überhaupt
* überwinden
* übrig
* Ufer
* Uhr
* Uhu
* ulken
* Ulme
* um
* umsonst
* un-
* Unbill
* und
* Unflat
* ungefähr
* ungeheuer
* ungeschlacht
* ungestüm
* Ungetüm
* Ungeziefer
* Unke
* unlängst
* Unrat
* uns
* Unschlitt
* unten
* Unterschleif
* unterthan
* unterwegen
* unwirsch
* Unze
* üppig
* Ur
* ur-
* Urahn
* uralt
* Urbar
* Urfehde
* Urheber
* Urkunde
* Urlaub
* Ursache
* Ursprung
* Urtel
* uzen
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Uhr

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Uhr | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Uhr, f., ‘clock, watch, hour,’ ModHG. only, from LG. ûr, ‘clock, hour’ (even in the MidHG. period LRhen. ûr meant ‘hour’); corresponding to Du. uur, E. hour. Based on Lat. hôra (comp. Fr. heure, Ital. ora).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Uhu

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Uhu | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Uhu, m., ‘horned owl,’ ModHG. only, a recent onomatopoetic word, which was connected with MidHG. hûwe, OHG. hûwo, OLG. hûo, ‘owl.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ulme

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ulme | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ulme, f., ‘elm,’ from MidHG. (rare) ulmboum, for which MidHG. and OHG. ëlmboum, m., is most frequently found. While ulm- is adopted from Lat. ulmus, the equiv. OHG. and MidHG. ëlm- is related prehistorically, by gradation, with Lat. ulmus; so too OIc. almr, E. elm. With the ​pre-Teut. stem el, ol, the cognates of ModHG. Erle (Eller) are also connected.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Tülle

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Tülle | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Tülle, f., ‘socket,’ MidHG. tülle, n., ‘ferule for fastening an iron point on a handle’ (usually ‘partition of boards, palisade’). OHG. has no corresponding form *tulli (Goth. *dulja-), which might be connected by gradation with ModHG. Thal (Tülle, lit. ‘deepening’). Others consider Fr. douille (from Lat. ductile, ‘channel’), ‘socket,’ as the ultimate source of MidHG. tülle. Fr. tuyau (E. tewel), Span. tudel, ‘pipe,’ are certainly not allied. The abnormal double sense of MidHG. tülle has not, however, been explained.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Tüpfel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Tüpfel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Tüpfel, m., ‘dot, iota’; diminut. of earlier ModHG. Tupf, m., which is based on topfe, OHG. topfo, ‘point.’ Goth. *duppa (*duppila) is wanting. Probably cognate with tief.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/herrschen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry herrschen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ herrschen, verb, from Middle High German hersen, hêrsen, Old High German hêrisôn, ‘to rule, reign,’ but also hêrrisôn even in Old High German, from its association with hêrro, ‘lord’ (for Modern High German sch after r from an older s, compare Hirsch, Kirsche). The origin of the meaning ‘to rule’ cannot be explained from the posit. hehr, Old High German hêr, ‘august, exalted, venerable, glad,’ but from the originally comparative hêrro, ‘lord.’ Thus Old High German hêrisôn, ‘to be lord and master, dominari,’ is related to hêrro, hêriro, ‘lord,’ as Gothic *hairiza (comparative) is to *hairisôn, verb.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/herb

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry herb. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ herb, adjective, from the equivalent Middle High German hęre, inflected hęrwer (also hare, inflected harwer), ‘bitter, harsh’; Gothic and Old High German *har-wa- is wanting. Allied to Old Saxon ​har-m, Anglo-Saxon hear-m, adjective, ‘painful, mortifying, bitter’?. See Harm.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/heucheln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry heucheln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ heucheln, verb, ‘to feign, dissemble,’ Modern High German only, properly a Middle German word (the corresponding Upper German word is gleißnen), allied to an early Modern High German hanchen, ‘to duck, stoop,’ from Middle High German hûchen, ‘to crouch’; compare the further cognates under hocken. The variation of meaning ‘to stoop, dissemble,’ is exhibited in an Old Teutonic root lut, Anglo-Saxon lûtan, ‘to bend, bow,’ to which lot, ‘deceit,’ and Gothic liuta, ‘hypocrite,’ are allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hetzen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry hetzen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hetzen, verb ‘to infuriate, provoke, chase, hunt,’ from Middle High German and Old High German hętzen, ‘to chase, hunt, incite’; by permutation from *hatjan; compare Haß. The substantive Hetze, feminine, is merely a Modern High German formation from the verb.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/heuer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry heuer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ heuer, adverb, from the equivalent Middle High German hiure, Old High German hiuru, adverb, ‘in this year’; derived from hiu jâru (see Jahr), the chief accent being placed on the pronoun. Respecting hiu see heute, in which the component parts are equally obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/helligen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry helligen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ helligen, behelligen, verb, ‘to importunate,’ from Middle High German hęlligen, ‘to weary by pursuit, tease, torment’; a nominal verb from Middle High German hęllic, adjective, ‘wearied, exhausted,’ Modern High German hellig, ‘wearied.’ The origin of the adjective is obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hemmen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry hemmen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hemmen, verb, from the equivalent Middle High German hęmmen (Middle German), hamen, ‘to stop, hinder, check’; Old High German *hamên and *hęmmen are wanting. The early existence of the word, which is not found in Bavarian, is proved by Old Icelandic hemja, ‘to check,’ and Sanscrit çamay, ‘to annihilate,’ which is perhaps cognate with the latter. It is based upon a Teutonic root ham, meaning ‘to mutilate’; compare Old High German ham (inflected form hammêr), ‘lame, paralytic’ (Gothic *ham-ma-, from *ham-na-, originally a participle), and further also Old High German hamal, ‘mutilated’ (see Hammel). Scandinavian suggests the possibility of a different etymology— hemja, ‘to curb any one, lame, check,’ from hǫm, feminine, ‘hind-leg of a horse,’ hemill, ‘rope for tethering cattle by the thighs when they are grazing,’ hafa hemil á, ‘to restrain any one.’ In Suabian and Bavarian hemmen means only ‘to tether horses when grazing,’ Compare also Lithuanian kámanos, plural, ‘bridle.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/henken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry henken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ henken, verb, ‘to hang, suspend,’ from Middle High German and Old High German hęnken, properly a variant of Old High German and Middle High German hęngen (k is Gothic gj). To these two words, varying in sound, different meanings were attached; compare Middle High German hęnken, ‘to hang up,’ hęngen, ‘to hang down (one's head),’ especially ‘to give a horse the reins.’ Yet Middle High German hęngen is also used in the sense of hęnken, ‘to execute by hanging.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/her

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry her. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ her, adverb, ‘hither, this way.’ from Middle High German hër (hëre), Old High German hëra, adverb, ‘hither,’ formed like Old High German wara, ‘whither’; allied to Gothic hiri, adverb imperat., ‘come here.’ Connected with a pronominal stem hi-. See heute, hier, hinnen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/herrlich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry herrlich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ herrlich, adjective (with shortened ê before a double consonant, as in the two following words, probably due to its association with Herr), ‘lordly, splendid, magnificent,’ from Middle High German and Old High German hêrlich, adjective, ‘distinguished, excellent, magnificent.’ Allied to hehr.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gauner

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gauner | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gauner, earlier Jauner, m., ‘sharper, knave,’ does not occur till the beginning of the last century; in the 15th and 16th cents. the professional swindlers at cards were called Joner, from the slang jonen, ‘to play,’ the ultimate source of which is said to be Hebr. jânâ, ‘to cheat.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gebet

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gebet | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gebet, n., ‘prayer,’ from the equiv. MidHG. gebët, OHG. gibët, n. (AS. and OSax. gebëd, n., ‘prayer’); allied to beten, bitten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Gauch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gauch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gauch, m., ‘simpleton, gawk, crow, owl, cuckoo’ (as stupid birds), from MidHG. gouch, m., ‘dolt, fool, simpleton,’ prop. ‘cuckoo,’ OHG. gouh, ‘cuckoo'; corresponding to AS. geác, OIc. gaukr (whence Scotch gowk), ‘cuckoo.’ Is k a suffix as in AS. hafoc, ‘hawk,’ and Goth. ahaks, ‘pigeon’? OHG. gouh, Goth. *gauks, cannot, however, be allied to Lat. cuculus, Sans. kôkila-s, ‘cuckoo,’ since Teut. g initially cannot represent Lat. and Sans. k. Further Gauch is the OTeut. word for the later term Kuckuck.