OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Nebridius, a friend of St. Augustine

Nebridius (4), an intimate friend of St. Augustine, and probably of about the same age, described by him as very good and of a very cautious disposition. While Augustine was at Carthage under the influence of Manichean doctrine, it was partly through Nebridius and Vindicianus that he was induced to give up his belief in astrology, or, as it was then called, mathematics. Nebridius had already abandoned Manicheism and delivered lectures against it, a.d. 379 (Aug. Conf. iv. 3; vii. 2, 6). When Augustine removed from Rome to Milan as a lecturer in rhetoric, a.d. 384, Nebridius, out of love for him, determined to leave his home and mother, and take up leis abode with Augustine and Alypius there, "for no other reason," says Augustine, "than that he might live with me in most ardent pursuit of truth and wisdom" (ib. vi. 7, 10). By and by Nebridius undertook to assist Verecundus in his grammar lectures at his earnest request and that of Augustine. This duty he performed with great care and discretion (ib. viii. 6). Soon after Nebridius appears to have taken up the notion of the Docetae, that our Lord took human nature not in reality but only in outward appearance, an error which, after a period of unknown length, he recanted. Soon after the conversion of Augustine he died, a true Catholic, having induced his household to join him in the change. "He is now," says Augustine with confidence, "in the bosom of Abraham" (ib. ix. 3, 4).
Though a much-loved friend, Nebridius was a troublesome correspondent, most persevering in his inquiries, which were sometimes very difficult to answer, and not satisfied with brief replies or always ready to make allowance for his friend's occupations (Aug. Ep. 98, 8). Of the 12 letters which remain of their correspondence, two only are addressed by Nebridius to Augustine. Those of Augustine are very long, chiefly on metaphysical subjects of extreme subtlety.
[H.W.P.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/N

* Narcissus, bp. of Jerusalem
* Nebridius, a friend of St. Augustine
* Nectarius, archbp. of Constantinople
* Nemesius, bp. of Emesa
* Nero, Claudius Caesar
* Nerva, Roman emperor
* Nestorian Church
* Nestorius, bishop of Side
* Nestorius and Nestorianism
* Nicarete, a lady of Nicomedia
* Nicetas, bp. of Romaciana
* Nicetius, archbp. of Trèves
* Nicolaitanes, a heretical sect
* Nicolaus, bp. of Myra
* Nilus, an ascetic of Sinai
* Ninian, British missionary bsp
* Noetus, a native of Smyrna
* Nomus, leading personage at Constantinople
* Nonna, mother of Gregory Nazianzen
* Nonnus of Panopolis
* Novatianus and Novatianism
* Novatus, presbyter of Carthage
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Moses

Moses (3) (Moyses), Roman presbyter (? of Jewish origin), a leading member of an influential group of confessors in the time of Cyprian, about the commencement of the Novatianist schism. The others were Maximus, Nicostratus, Rufinus, Urbanus, Sidonius, Macarius, and Celerinus. They wrote early in the persecution, urging the claims of discipline on the Carthaginian confessors (Ep. 27) (cf. Tillem. t. iii. Notes s. Moyse, t. iv., S. Cyp. a. xv., Lipsius, Chr. d. röm. Bisch. p. 200), and Moyses signed the second letter of the Roman clerus (viz. Ep. 30), drawn up by Novatian according to Cyprian (Ep. 55, iv.), and he wrote with the other confessors Ep. 31 to Cyprian (Ep. 32). When they had been a year in prison (Ep. 37), or more accurately 11 months and days (Liberian Catalogue, Mommsen, Chronogr. v. Jahre 354, p. 635). i.e. c. Jan. 1, 251, Moyses died and was accounted a confessor and martyr (Ep. 55). Shortly before his death he refused to communicate with Novatian and the five presbyters who sided with him (ἀποσχίσασιν) because he saw the tendency of his stern dogma (Cornelius to Fabius of Antioch, Eus. vi. 43, κατιδών).
Moyses' severance was not because Novatian had already left the Catholics, which he did not do till June 4, after the election of Cornelius; and Novatus, who induced it, did not leave Carthage for Rome until April or May (Rettberg, p. 109). Moyses' great authority remained a strong point in Cornelius's favour, when the rest of the confessors (Ep. 51) after their release threw their influence on the side of Novatian as representing the stricter discipline against Cornelius. The headship of the party belonged after Moyses' death to MAXIMUS (3).
[E.W.B.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Musonius

Musonius (1), bp. of Neocaesarea, on whose death in a.d. 368 Basil wrote a long letter of consolation to his widowed church (Ep. 28 [62]), lauding him greatly and designating him no unworthy successor of Gregory Thaumaturgus. He describes him as a rigid supporter of old customs and the ancient faith, endeavouring to conform his church in all things to the primitive model. His watchful care had preserved his church from the storms of heresy ravaging all neighbouring churches. In so great reverence was he held that, though by no means the oldest of the bishops, the presidency in council was always his. He must have attained the episcopate comparatively young, for, though he ruled the church of Neocaesarea many years, he was not very aged when he died. Though Musonius had been prejudiced against Basil, and regarded his election to the episcopate with no friendly eyes, so that, though they were united in faith and in opposition to heresy, they were unable to co-operate for the peace of the church, Basil mentions him in a second letter to the Neocaesareans as the "blessed Musonius," the follower of the traditions of Gregory Thaumaturgus, "whose teaching was still sounding in their ears" (Ep. 210 [64]).
[E.V.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Nemesius, bp. of Emesa

Nemesius (4), bp. of Emesa in the latter half of 4th cent., of whom nothing is certainly known but that he wrote a rather remarkable treatise, περὶ φύσεως ἀνθρώπου, de Natura Hominis, of which cc. ii. and iii. wrongly appear as a separate work, entitled περὶ ψυχῆς, de Anima, among the writings of Gregory Nyssen. Le Quien (Or. Christ. ii. 839) places Nemesius fifth among the bishops of Emesa, between Paul I., who attended the council of Seleucia, a.d. 359, and Cyriacus, the friend of Chrysostom. The date of his writing is tolerably certain from his mentioning the doctrines of Apollinaris and Eunomius and the Origenists, but not those of Nestorius, Eutyches, or Pelagius. He could hardly have avoided mentioning Pelagius if his teaching had been known to him, in the part of his treatise relating to free will. That he was bp. of Emesa is stated in the title of his treatise in the various MS. copies, and by Maximus (ii. 153, ed. Combefis) and Anastasius Sinaita (Quaest. xviii. and xxiv.) in quoting his work. He is also quoted, though without his name, by Joannes Damascenus, Elias Cretensis, Meletius, Joannes Grammaticus, and others. The treatise is an interesting work which will well reward perusal, and has received much praise from able judges of style and matter. Nemesius establishes the immortality of the soul against the philosophers, vindicates free will, opposes fatalism, defends God's providence, and proves by copious examples the wisdom and goodness of the Deity. He gives indications that he was not ignorant of the circulation of the blood and the functions of the bile (cc. xxiv. xxviii. pp. 242, 260, ed. Matthaei). The best ed. is by C. F. Matthaei (Halae, 1802), reprinted by Migne in Patr. Gk. The treatise has been translated into most modern European languages, into Italian by Pizzimenti (no date), English, G. Wilkes (1636 and 1657), German by Osterhammer (Salzburg, 1819), and French by J. R. Thibault (Paris, 1844). Cf. M. Evangelides, Nemesius und seine Quellen (Berlin, 1882).
[E.V.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, John (1780-1863)

1904 Errata appended.
​CAMPBELL, Sir JOHN (1780–1863), knight, major-general in the Portuguese service, son of William Campbell, commissioner of the navy board, by his wife, the daughter of Major Pitcairn, of the marines, who fell at Bunker's Hill, was born at his father's official residence in Chatham dockyard in 1780, and was educated at Harrow School. In 1800 he obtained a cornetcy in the 7th light dragoons (hussars), in which he became lieutenant in 1801, and captain in 1806. He served as brigade-major on the staff of General Crauford's force in South America in 1807, and was with his regiment in Spain in 1808, where he was present in the affairs at Sahagun and Benevente, under Lord Paget. Returning to Portugal on the cavalry staff in 1809, he was appointed to a lieutenant-colonelcy in the Portuguese cavalry, under Marshal Beresford, with which he served to the end of the war, frequently distinguishing himself by his talents and intrepidity. At the peace of 1814 he accepted an offer to remain in Portugal, and for the next six years was actively engaged in the organisation of the Portuguese forces. In 1815 he was created a knight-bachelor in the United Kingdom. In 1816 he married Doña Maria Brigida de Faria e Lacerda of Lisbon. In 1820 he obtained the rank of major-general in the Portuguese army, and was colonel of the 4th cavalry, deputy quartermaster-general, and K.C.T.S. When the agitation for a constitutional government commenced, he quitted the Portuguese service and returned to England, and having retained his rank of brevet lieutenant-colonel in the British army, to which he had been advanced in 1812, he was appointed lieutenant-colonel 75th foot, which rank he held from 1820 to 1824, when he retired by the sale of his ​commission. Though absent from Portugal,Campbell had kept up his relations with the absolute party in that country, and when Dom Miguel seized on the throne, he was summoned to his aid and invested with the rank of major-general. He worked as zealously for his patron as did the late Admiral Sir Charles Napier for the opposing party of Doña Maria de Gloria, but not with like success. His efforts to raise a naval force in the United Kingdom were defeated, although the opposite party had successfully evaded the provisions of the Foreign Enlistment Act, and when he actually took the field against the constitutionalists at Oporto, he accomplished nothing worthy of his old reputation as a dashing cavalry officer. When Dom Miguel withdrew from the contest, Campbell returned to England and retired from public life. He lived quietly and almost forgotten in London, where he married, in 1842, his second wife, Harriet Maria, widow of Major-general Sir Alexander Dickson, adjutant-general royal artillery. He died at his residence in Charles Street, Berkeley Square, on 19 Dec. 1863, in his eighty-fourth year.
H. M. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.51 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| | ii | 9 f.e. | Campbell, Sir John (1780-1863): for K.C.T.S. read K.T.S. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, John (1753-1784)

​CAMPBELL, JOHN (1753–1784), lieutenant-colonel, the defender of Mangalore, second son of John Campbell of Stonefield, lord Stonefield, a lord of session and of justiciary in Scotland, by Lady Grace Stuart, sister of John, earl of Bute, the favourite of George III, was born at Levenside House, near Dumbarton, on 7 Dec. 1753. He entered the army as an ensign in the 37th regiment on 25 June 1771, and was promoted lieutenant into the 7th fusiliers on 9 May 1774. He was at once ordered to America, where he served in the war of independence, and was soon taken prisoner, but exchanged and promoted captain into the 71st regiment, or Fraser's Highlanders, on 2 Dec. 1775. He continued to serve in America, and was promoted major into the 74th Highlanders on 30 Dec. 1777. In 1780 he returned to England, and in the following year exchanged into the 100th regiment, or Seaforth Highlanders, in command of which regiment, 1,000 strong, he landed at Bombay on 26 Jan. 1782. After leaving England his exchange had been effected into the 42nd Highlanders, or Black Watch; and on hearing the news he proceeded to Calicut and assumed the command of the second battalion there in time to co-operate in the second war against Hyder Ali. The British forces on the Malabar coast were at first successful: Bednore was occupied, and the fort at Annantpore stormed by the 42nd under the ​command of Campbell. But the gross misconduct of Brigadier-general Mathews, who commanded in chief, prevented the British from taking any advantage of these successes. Hyder Ali was able to defeat the English armies on his eastern frontier, and to capture the division of Colonel William Baillie [q. v.]; while Tippoo Sultan, his son, cut off and destroyed the various British detachments which had been carelessly left about by General Mathews on the Malabar coast, and drove the remnant of the army there into Mangalore. General Mathews was recalled to answer for his conduct, and Colonel Norman Macleod went sick to Bombay, so that the command of the small garrison devolved on Campbell, who had been promoted lieutenant-colonel on 7 Feb. 1781. The siege of Mangalore was one of the most protracted, and its defence one of the most famous, in the history of the eighteenth century. Tippoo Sultan, who was accompanied by several experienced French officers, regularly invested the place on 19 May 1783. The defence lasted, with the most terrible privations and continual hard fighting, until 23 Jan. 1784, when Campbell surrendered with all the honours of war, and on the condition that the small remnant of his garrison, 856 men, should be allowed to proceed to Bombay. The defence of Mangalore was justly praised in every quarter, and formed the only bright spot in the disastrous war against Hyder Ali. Campbell was quite prostrated by his exertions. He left his army on 9 Feb., and died at Bombay on 23 Feb. 1784.
H. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, John (1794-1867)

​CAMPBELL, JOHN (1794–1867), minister of the congregational church, was born in Forfar on 5 Oct. 1794. He was educated at the parochial school, after which he for some time followed the occupation of a blacksmith. In 1818 he entered the university of St. Andrews, and after completing his university career at Glasgow, and attending the divinity hall of the congregational church, was ordained to a pastoral charge in Ayrshire. Thence he was shortly removed to the charge of the Tabernacle, Moorfields, London, which, after a ministry of twenty years, he relinquished in order to devote himself wholly to literature. In 1844 he established the 'Christian Witness' and two years later the 'Christian Penny Magazine.' At the close of 1849 he started 'The British Banner,' a weekly newspaper, which he carried on for nine years, after which he originated 'The British Standard.' Two years later he established 'The British Ensign,' a penny paper. He was also the author of a large number of separate publications, the principal of which were: 1. 'Jethro,' 1839. 2. 'Maritime Discovery and Christian Missions,' 1840. 3. 'Pastoral Visitation,' 1841. 4. 'The Martyr of Erromanga, or Philosophy of Missions,' 1842. 5. 'Life of David Nasmyth, founder of City Missions,' 1844. 6. 'Wesleyan Methodism,' 1847. 7. 'A Review of the Life and Character of J. Angell James,' 1860. In 1839 he was engaged in a newspaper controversy with the queen's printers in regard to Bible monopoly, and the letters were published in a separate volume. He was also a keen opponent of Roman Catholicism, ritualism, and rational theology. In 1851 he published a volume on 'Popery and Puseyism,' and in 1865 a volume on 'Popery.' At the close of 1866 he retired from the 'British Standard,' in order to obtain more leisure to prepare his 'Life of George Whitefield.' He died on 26 March 1867.
[Gent. Mag. vol. iii., 4th ser. p. 676; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Campbell, John (1696-1782)

1904 Errata appended.
​CAMPBELL, JOHN, third Earl of Breadalbane (1696–1782), was the son of John, second earl (1662-1752), generally known by the nickname of 'Old Rag,' and noted for his extraordinary eccentricities (note by Sir Walter Scott in the Sinclair Memoirs, p. 185). His mother was Henrietta, second daughter of Sir Edward Villiers, knight, sister of the first earl of Jersey, and Elizabeth, countess of Orkney, mistress of King William III. He was born in 1696, and educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he manifested considerable talents and zeal for study. In 1718 he was appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary to the court of Denmark. He was invested with the order of the Bath at its revival in 1725. In December 1731 he was appointed ambassador to Russia. In 1727 and 1734 he was chosen to represent the borough of Saltash in parliament, and in 1741 he became member for Oxford. He gave his support to Sir Robert Walpole's administration, and in May 1741 his abilities were recognized by his appointment to be one of the lords of the admiralty, an office which he held till the dissolution of Walpole's administration, 19 March 1742. In January 1746 he was nominated master of his majesty's jewel office. Having in January 1752 succeeded his father as earl of Breadalbane, he was in the following July chosen a representative peer for Scotland. On 29 Jan. 1756 he was created D.C.L. by the university of Oxford. In 1761 he was appointed lord chief justice in eyre of all the royal forests south of the Trent, and he held that office till October 1765. He was appointed vice-admiral of Scotland 26 Oct. 1776. He died at Holyrood House 26 Jan. 1782. He married, first, in 1721, Lady Arabella Grey, eldest daughter and coheiress of Henry, duke of Kent, K.G., by whom he had a son, Henry, who died in infancy, and a daughter, Jemima, who married Philip, second earl of Hardwicke. His first wife dying in 1727, Breadalbane married, 23 Jan. 1730, Arabella, third daughter and heiress of John Pershall, by whom he had two sons, George, who died in his twelfth year, and John, lord Glenurchy, who married Willielma, second and posthumous daughter and coheiress of William Maxwell of Preston [see Campbell, Willielma], and had a son who died in infancy. Lord Glenurchy died in the lifetime of his father in ​1771, and the male line having thus become extinct, the peerage and estates passed to the Campbells of Carwhin.
[Douglas's Scotch Peerage, i. 240; Oxford Graduates.]
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.51 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 375 | ii | 27 | Campbell, John, 3rd Earl of Breadalbane : for Oxford read Orford |
| | | 33-34 | for In January 1746 read In 1745 |
| | | 38 | after Scotland insert and sat till 1768 and again from 1774 to 1780 |
| | | 40 | for 1761 read 1756 |
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Herennius 8.

​8. T. Herennius, a banker at Leptis in Africa, whom C. Verres, while praetor in Sicily, b. c. 73 — 71, put to death, although his character and innocence were attested by more than a hundred Roman citizens resident at Syracuse. (Cic. in Verr. i. 5, v. 59.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Herennius Etruscus

​HERE'NNIUS ETRUSCUS. [Etruscus.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Herennius Gallus

​HERE'NNIUS GALLUS. [Gallus.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Herennius Modestinus

​HERE'NNIUS MODESTI'NUS. [Modestinus.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Herennius Pollio

​HERE'NNIUS PO'LLIO. [Pollio.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Herennius Pontius

​HERE'NNIUS PO'NTIUS. [Pontius.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Herennius 9.

​9. C. Herennius, to whom the treatise on rhetoric — Rhetoricorum ad C. Herennium Libri IV. — is addressed, cannot be identified with any of the preceding or following Herennii (ad Herenn. i. 1, ii. 1, iv. 1, 56). Respecting this work, see Cicero, p. 726, &c.
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Herennius Macer

​HERE'NNIUS MACER. [Macer.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Herennius Severus

​HERE'NNIUS SEVE'RUS. [Severus.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Herennius Senecio

​HERE'NNIUS SENE'CIO. [Senecio.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'coris

​A'CORIS (Άκορίς), a town of Egypt, on the east bank of the Nile in the Cynopolite Nome, 17 miles N. of Antinoopolis. (Ptol. iv. 5. § 69; Tab. Peut.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'thesis

​A'THESIS CAnjiTii^J, Strab.; 'Aruri&y, Pint), one of the principal livers of Northern Italy, now called the Adiffe, It rises in the Rhaetian Alps, in a small lake near the modern vilkge of Bescherif and alter a course of about 50 miles in a SE. direc- tioo, receires the waters of the Ataqis or Eitach^ a stream almost as considerable as its own, which de- sooids from the pass of the Brenner, Their united waters flow nearly due S. through a broad and deep valley, passing under the walls of Tridentum ( Trenio), until they at length emerge into the plains of Itafy, close to Verona, which stands on a kind of peninsnla almost encircled by the Athesis. (Verona Ath£sl circomflua, SiL Ital. viii. 597.) From hence it pannes its course, first towards the S£., and afterwards due E. through the plains of Venetia to the Adriatic, which it enters only a few miles Axvm the Dorthemmoet mouth of the Padus, but without having ever joined that river. From its source to the sea it has a course of not less than 200 miles; and in the volume of its waters it is inferior only to the Padns among the rivem of Italy. (Strab. iv. pi 207, where there is little doubt that the names
iiL 16. a. 20; Vixg. Aen, iz. 680; Claudian, de VI. Cmt. Hon. 196.) Servius (ad Aen. I c.) and Vi- bins Sequester (p. 3) erroneously describe the Athesis as fulling into the Padus; a very natural mistake, as the two rivers run parallel to each other at a very short interval, and even communicate by various side branches and artificial channels, but their nuiin streama continue perfioctly distinct It vras in the plains on the banks of the Athesis, probably not very fiir firom Verona, that Q. Catulus was defeated by the Cimbri ins. dOl. (lAY.Epit. IxviiL; Flor. iiL3; Plut Mar. 23.)
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'ddua

​A'DDUA (b 'ASoiJas: Adda), a liver of Gallia Cissipina, one of the largest of the tributaries which bring down the waters of the Alps to the Po. It rises in the Rhaetian Alps near jBormio, and flows through the VaUeUine, into the Lacus Larius or Logo di Como, from which it again issues at its south- eastern extremity near Lecco, and from tiienoe has a coui^ of above 50 miles to the Po, which it joins between Placentia and Cremona. During this latter part of its course it seems to have formed the limit between the Insubres and the Cenomani. It is a broad and rapd stream: the clearness of its blue waters, re- sulting from their passage through a deep lake, is alluded to by Claudian (Be VL Cons, Hon, 196). Strabo erroneously places its sources in Mt. Adula, where, according to him, the Rhine also rises: it is probable that he was imperfectly acquainted tiith this part of the Alps, and supposed the stream which descends from the Splugen to the head of the lake of Como to be the original Addua, instead of the much larger river which enters it from the Vat- tellme. (Strab. iv. pp. 192,204; v. p. 213; PUn. iii. 16. 8.20; Pol.ii. 32, xxxiv. 10; TacJ^u^u. 40.)[ E. H. B. ]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/A'dada

​A'DADA (A8a«o: Eth. 'AJofiftij, PtoL; 'A8a- 8e(rn in old edit, of Strabo; 'OSdSo, Hierocl.), a town in Pisidia of uncertain site. On ooins of Var lerian and Gallienus we find AAAAEHN. Adada is mentioned in the Councils as the see of a bishop. (Artemiod. ap, Strab, xii. p. 570; Ptol. v. 5. §8; Hierocl. p. 674, with Wesseling's note.)