OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Coldwell, John

​COLDWELL, JOHN (d. 1596), bishop of Salisbury, born at Faversham, Kent, matriculated at St. John's College, Cambridge, on 15 May 1551, proceeded B.A. 1554–5, and commenced M.A. 1558, was admitted fellow in March, and was presented to the rectory of Aldington, Kent, the same year. In 1564 he was created M.D., and while continuing to reside in Kent appears to have practised medicine for some time. Archbishop Parker made him his domestic chaplain, and he probably performed medical as well as clerical duties in the household of his patron. His services were rewarded in 1571 with the archdeaconry of Chichester, which he resigned in 1575, and he was further admitted to the rectory of Tunstall, Kent, 13 June 1572, and in November 1580 was instituted to the rectory of Saltwood with Hythe in the same county. On 26 Sept. 1581 he was installed dean of Rochester, and while holding this office served in 1587 on a commission of visitation appointed by Archbishop Whitgift. He was elected bishop of Salisbury on 2 Dec. 1591, the see having then been vacant for three years, and was consecrated on the 26th, being the first married bishop of that church. In a manuscript letter dated 23 Aug. 1593 he petitions the lord keeper that he might have the privilege of nominating the justices of the peace for the city of Salisbury as his predecessors had done. He is accused of impoverishing his see; during his episcopate Sir Walter Raleigh robbed it of the castle, park, and parsonage of Sherborne, together with other possessions. A bishop, however, had little chance of keeping anything if the queen or one of her favourites wanted it. Coldwell complains bitterly of Raleigh in a letter to Henry Brook, dated 10 April 1594 (Murdin), and on 22 April 1596 prays Sir R. Cecil to tell him that owing to the conduct of ‘his man Mears’ in keeping his ‘farm and arrearages’ from him he cannot pay the queen his ‘duties’ (Addit. MS. 6177). He died on 14 Oct. 1596, and was then so deeply in debt that it is said that his friends were glad to bury him ‘suddenly and secretly’ in Bishop Wyville's grave. He wrote ‘Medical Prescriptions’ and a ‘Letter to John Hall, chirurgeon,’ concerning the treatment of a certain case, together in manuscript in the Bodleian Library. Some of his letters are printed in various collections.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantab. ii. 220, Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), i. 260, ii. 377, 607; Mores's Hist. of Tunstall, p. 55; Strype's Annals, ii. ii. 119, Whitgift, i. 516, ii. 112 (8vo edit.); Harington's Nugæ Antiq. ii. 122; Murdin's State Papers, p. 675; Harl. MS. 286, f. 121; Addit. MS. 6177, f. 30; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 188.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, Charles Nalson

​COLE, CHARLES NALSON (1723–1804), lawyer, was son of Charles Cole, rector of North Crowley, Buckinghamshire, who was the son of an apothecary of Ely (Addit. MS. 5865, f. 172 b). He was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, which he left after taking his B.A. degree in 1743, and became a student of the Inner Temple, where he was called to the bar (Cantabrigienses Graduati, ed. 1787, p. 90). Afterwards he became registrar of the Bedford Level Corporation, and published 'A Collection of Laws which form the Constitution of the Bedford Level Corporation, with an Introductory History thereof,' London, 1761, 8vo. He also prepared the second edition of Sir William Dugdale's 'History of Imbanking and Drayning of divers Fenns and Marshes, both in Foreign Parts and in this Kingdom,' London, 1772, fol. His next publication was an edition of the 'Works of Soame Jenyns,' with a sketch of his life, 4 vols. 1790, 12mo (Nichols, Lit. Anecd. iii. 129). He died in Edward Street, Cavendish Square, London, on 18 Dec. 1804, aged 81 (Gent. Mag. lxxiv. pt. ii. p. 1248).
[Authorities cited above; also Nichols's Illustr. of Lit. i. 161, iv. 718, viii. 549; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ii. 695, iii. 128, v. 280.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cole, Abdiah

​COLE, ABDIAH (1610?–1670?), physician, was a copious translator and manufacturer of medical books, of whose career little is known. He must have been born early in the seventeenth century, and appears to have passed the earlier part of his life abroad, since he is said to have 'spent twenty-nine years in the service of three of the greatest princes in Europe.' He describes himself as 'doctor of physick and the liberal arts,' but where he graduated is unknown. He did not belong to the College of Physicians. 'In name is often associated with that of Nicholas Culpeper in numerous translations and oompilations. These were for the most part originally written by Culpeper, and Cole's name does not appear on the title-pages (with one exception) till after Culpeper's death in 1658. Cole was, therefore, probably employed to edit and revise these works; and the fact that the later editions were mostly printed by Peter and Edward Cole suggested a possible relationship between the printers and the writer. They were all either translations of standard continental works, or semi-popular works of an inferior stamp, and contain little that is original.
The titles of some are: 1. 'The Practice ​of Physick, in seventeen books, by Nicholas Culpeper, Abdiah Cole, and William Rowland, being chiefly a translation of the works of Lazarus Riverius, &c.,' London, 1655, 1668, 1672, folio. 2. 'A translation of Felix Plater, entitled ' A Golden Practice of Physick, by F. Plater, Abdiah Cole, &c.,' London, 1662, folio. 3. 'Chemistry made easy and useful, by D. Sennertus, N. Culpeper, and Abdiah Cole' (really a translation from Sennertus), 8vo, London, 1662, 1664. 4. ' Pharmacopeia Londinensis, translated and edited (not officially) by N. Culpeper and A. Cole,' London, 1661, folio. 5. 'Experimental Physick, or 700 cures, being part of the Physitian's Library, by N. Culpeper and Abdiah Cole,' London, 1662, 8vo. These cases (really one thousand in number) were translated from M. Rulandus. This book contains a catalogue of 'Several Physick Books of N. Culpeper and A. Cole, commonly called the Physitian's Library, containing all the works in English of Riverius, Sennertus, Platerus, Riolanus, Bartholinus.' It was also called 'The Rationall Physician's Library, out of the best authors, and from our own experience.' The list contains twenty-seven books in folio and 8vo, including ten volumes of Sennertus, and the anatomical treatises of Riolanus, Bartholinus, and Veslingus, besides those mentioned above; but Cole was not concerned in all of these.
Cole's portrait, in advanced age, with a furred doctor's gown, was engraved by T. Cross, and appears with three others on the frontispiece of the ' Riverius.'
[Cole's Works; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Feuchères, Baronne de

​FEUCHÈRES, Baronne de. [See Dawes, Sophia.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fetherstonhaugh, Timothy

​ FETHERSTONHAUGH, Sir TIMOTHY (d. 1651), royalist, was son of Henry Fetherstonhaugh of Kirkoswald, Cumberland, high sheriff of that county 10 James I, who was second son of Albany Fetherstonhaugh of Fetherstonhaugh, Northumberland, by his wife Lucy, daughter of Edmund Dudley of Yanwath, Westmoreland. His mother was Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Wybergh of Clifton, Westmoreland (Pedigrees in Hutchinson, Cumberland, i. 207; Burke, Landed Gentry, 7th edit., i. 633). In 1620 he was admitted a member of Gray's Inn (Harl. MS. 1912, f. 31). He was knighted at Whitehall 1 April 1628. During the civil war he liberally contributed money to the royal cause, raised troops at his own expense, and served in the field. In 1642 he marched with Sir William Hudleston to Charles at York, having under him three hundred foot. In February 1644 he left Oxford with introductions from the king and Lord Digby for Ireland, where he applied to Ormonde to send troops for the relief of Cumberland (Carte, Ormonde (1851), v. 12, vi. 248). At the battle of Wigan Lane, Lancashire, 26 Aug. 1651, he was taken prisoner, and after trial by court-martial at Chester he was beheaded in that city, 22 Oct., despite his plea that he had quarter for life given him (Carte, Hist. of England, iv. 652). He married Bridget, daughter of Thomas Patrickson of Caswell-How in Ennerdale, Cumberland. Two of his sons were slain at the battle of Worcester 3 Sept. 1651; the elder, Henry, had been knighted on the field there. The family's losses amounted, it is said, to 10,000l. In June 1661 two other sons, Philip and John, were obliged to petition for places as pages to the queen ‘to lessen the charges of their ​mother, who was brought very low by the late times’ (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1661–2, p. 1). The petition was granted. These appointments and the present of a portrait of Charles I are said to have been the only recompense the family received. In the chancel of Kirkoswald Church is a monument to the memory of Sir Timothy erected by his grandson Thomas. His portrait is given in the frontispiece of Winstanley's ‘The Loyall Martyrology,’ 1665, from which an enlarged engraving was published in octavo.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Feversham, Earls of

​FEVERSHAM, Earls of. [See Duras, Louis, 1640?–1709; Sondes, George, d. 1677.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ffraid, I. D. (1814-1875)

​FFRAID, I. D. (1814-1875). [See Evans, John, Welsh poet.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fetherston, Richard

​FETHERSTON, RICHARD (d. 1540), Catholic martyr, was chaplain to Queen Catherine of Arragon, and schoolmaster to her daughter Mary, afterwards queen. Pits styles him 'sacrae theologiae doctor,' but there is no record of his having taken a degree, either in Wood's 'Athenae Oxonienses' or in Cooper's 'Athenae Cantabrigienses.' He sat in the convocation which commenced in April 1528, and was one of the small minority who refused to sign the declaration that Henry VIII's marriage with Catherine was illegal, on the ground that the pope had no power of dispensation in such a case. After the passing of the Act of Supremacy he refused to take the oath enjoined in thereby, and was in consequence committed to the Tower on 13 Dec. 1531. On 30 July 1540 he was hanged, headed, and quartered at Smithfield, together with Dr. Barnes, Garret, Jerome, Powell, and Abel. He wrote a treatise, 'Contra divortium Henrici et Catherini.'
C. T. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dafforne, James

​DAFFORNE, JAMES (d. 1880), writer on art, was for thirty-five years a diligent contributor to the ‘Art Journal.’ He joined the staff of that paper in 1845, and contributed to its pages till his death. His works are numerous, and chiefly in the nature of compilations which having first done duty in the journal were afterwards published as books. In this manner appeared the ‘Pictures of Daniel Maclise, R.A.,’ with descriptive biography and twelve plates; also the ‘Pictures of William Mulready,’ of ‘Leslie and Maclise,’ of ‘Clarkson Stansfield, R.A.,’ ‘Sir Edwin Landseer,’ and some more. He further compiled the ‘Pictorial Table-book.’ In 1878 he published a book upon the Albert Memorial. In 1879 his last book appeared, ‘The Life and Works of Edward Matthew Ward, R.A.’ He translated the ‘Arts of the Middle Ages,’ by De la Croix. He died on 5 June 1880 at the house of his son-in-law, the Rev. C. E. Casher, Upper Tooting.
[Art Journal, 1880, p. 248; Athenæum, 19 June 1880; The Artist, July 1880.]
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Daffy, Thomas

​DAFFY, THOMAS (d. 1680), inventor of Daffy's ‘elixir salutis,’ was a clergyman, who in 1647 was presented by the Earl of Rutland to the living of Harby in Leicestershire. His conduct as rector appears to have given offence to the Countess of Rutland, a lady of puritanical views, and in 1666 he was removed at her instigation to the inferior living of Redmile in the same county. There he remained to his death, which occurred in 1680. In what year the medicine by which Daffy's name has been handed down was invented is not now known, but the following passage from Adam Martindale's ‘Autobiography’ (Chetham Society's Publications, iv. 209) seems to show that in 1673 (the year in which Adam's daughter Elizabeth Martindale died of a severe cold and cough) it had already achieved considerable reputation: ‘That which seemed to doe her most good was elixir salutis, for it gave her much ease (my Lord Delamere having bestowed upon her severall bottles that came immediately from Mr. Daffie himself), and it also made her cheerful; but going forth and getting new cold she went fast away. I am really persuaded that if she had taken it a little sooner in due quantities, and been carefull of herself, it might have saved her life.’
In an advertisement inserted by Daffy's daughter Catherine in the ‘Post Boy,’ 1 Jan. 1707–8, it is stated that during the inventor's lifetime the elixir was sold by his son Daniel, an apothecary at Nottingham, and that the secret of its preparation was also imparted to his kinsman Antony Daffy. The widow of the latter seems to have disputed Catherine's right to call herself proprietress of the popular soothing syrup. Thomas Daffy's eldest son, who bore the same name, and in ‘Gent. Mag.’ vol. lxxxv. pt. ii. 493 is confused with his father, graduated M.A. at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1673, and became headmaster of Melton Mowbray school.
[Nichols's Leicestershire, vol. ii. pt. i. pp. 302, 422; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. iv. 77.]
A. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Daborne, Robert

​DABORNE, ROBERT (d. 1628), dramatist and divine, states in the preface to ‘A Christian turn'd Turke,’ 1612, that his descent was ‘not obscure but generous,’ and it is probable that he belonged to the family of Daborne of Guildford, Surrey. A warrant was granted to ‘Daborne and others the queen's servants, 4 Jan. 7 Jacobi, to bring up and practise children in plays by the name of The Children of the Queen's Revels’ (Collier, New Facts). Among the Dulwich MSS. are preserved many letters, chiefly written in 1613, from Daborne to Henslowe. It appears from this correspondence that he wrote in 1613 four unpublished plays: (1) ‘Machiavell and the Devil;’ (2) ‘The Arraignment of London,’ one act of which was by Cyril Tourneur; (3) ‘The Bellman of London;’ (4) ‘The Owl.’ In the spring of 1614 he was engaged upon a play called ‘The She Saint.’ He was constantly petitioning Henslowe for loans and advances, his necessities being partly due to some lawsuits in which he was involved. On more than one occasion he collaborated with Field and Massinger. There is extant an undated letter (circa 1613) in which the three friends implore Henslowe to help them in their ‘vnfortunate extremitie’ by the loan of five pounds, ‘whowt wch wee cannot be bayled.’ On 4 July 1615 Daborne and Massinger signed a bond to pay Henslowe ‘the full and intier somm of three powndes of lawfull mony of England, at or upon the first day of August next.’ Daborne seems to have had much influence with Henslowe and to have sometimes received for his plays a higher price than the penurious old manager was accustomed to give. It is not known at what date Daborne took orders, but he published in 1618, 8vo, ‘A Sermon on Zach. ii. 7,’ which he preached at Waterford. From one of his letters to Henslowe it appears that he enjoyed the patronage of Lord Willoughby, and to that nobleman he may have owed his clerical preferment. He became chancellor of Waterford in 1619, prebendary of Lismore in 1620, dean of Lismore in 1621, and died on 23 March 1627–8.
Only two of Daborne's plays are extant, and these have little interest:
* ‘A Christian turn'd Turke: or the Tragicall Liues and Deaths of the two famous Pyrates, Ward and Danseker,’ 1612, 4to, founded on Andrew Barker's prose narrative of the pirates' adventures.
* ‘The Poor-man's Comfort. A Tragi-comedy. As it was divers times Acted at the Cock-pit in Drury Lane with great applause. Written by Robert Dauborne, Master of Arts,’ 1655, 4to, of which there is a manuscript copy in Egerton MS. 1994.
Some commendatory verses by Daborne are ​prefixed to C[hristopher] B[rook]'s ‘Ghost of King Richard the Third,’ 1615. In ‘The Time Poets’ he is thus mentioned:
Dawborne I had forgot, and let it be: He died amphibious by the ministry.
[Alleyn Papers, pp. 48, 56–83; Collier's Memoirs of Edward Alleyn, pp. 120–1; Hunter's Chorus Vatum, Addit. MS. 24489, ff. 262–4; Warner's Catalogue of the Dulwich Manuscripts, pp. 37–49, 51, 141, 339; Collier's New Facts regarding the Life of Shakespeare, p. 40; Cotton's Fasti Eccles. Hibern.]
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dacres, Richard James

​DACRES, Sir RICHARD JAMES (1799–1886), field-marshal, elder son of Vice-admiral Sir Richard Dacres, G.C.H., was born in 1799. He received a nomination to the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich in 1815, and, after passing through the course of instruction there, was gazetted a second lieutenant in the royal artillery on 15 Dec. 1817. He was promoted first lieutenant on 29 Aug. 1825, and captain on 18 Dec. 1837, and was in 1843 transferred to the royal horse artillery, of which he commanded the 2nd, or Black Troop, for many years in different parts of the world, but without seeing any service. He was promoted major by brevet on 11 Nov. 1851, and lieutenant-colonel on 23 Feb. 1852, and in 1854 was appointed to command the force of royal horse artillery, consisting of three troops, designed to accompany the army sent to Turkey. This force was attached to the cavalry division under Lieutenant-general the Earl of Lucan, and Dacres commanded it in the descent on the Crimea and at the battle of the Alma. It headed the advance on Sebastopol, and was engaged at Bulganak and Mackenzie's farm, and the battle of Balaclava, and in the repulse of the Russian sortie of 24 Oct. Dacres commanded all the artillery engaged. At the battle of Inkerman Dacres was present with the head-quarters staff, and had his horse killed under him, and on the death of Brigadier-general Fox-Strangways in that battle he took command of all the artillery in the Crimea, a post which he filled until the end of the war. As officer commanding the artillery Dacres superintended the various bombardments of Sebastopol, though always under the direction of General Sir John Burgoyne, the commanding royal engineer, and he was promoted colonel by brevet on 23 Feb. 1855, and major-general on 29 June 1855, and was made a K.C.B. in that month for his distinguished services. At the conclusion of the war he received a medal and four clasps, as well as the Turkish medal, and was made a commander of the Legion of Honour, a commander of the 1st class of the order of Savoy, and a knight of the 2nd class of the Medjidie. After his return to England he commanded the Woolwich district from 1859 to 1865, and was made colonel-commandant of the royal horse artillery on 28 July 1864, and promoted lieutenant-general on 18 Dec. 1864. He was further promoted full general on 2 Feb. 1868, and made a G.C.B. in 1869, and was placed on the retired list. He was appointed constable of the Tower of London, in succession to Sir William Fenwick Williams [q. v.], on 27 July 1881, and became master gunner of England, as senior officer of the royal artillery, in the following year. In July 1886 he was made a field-marshal, but he did not long survive this last promotion, and died at Brighton, aged 87, on 6 Dec. 1886.
H. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dacres, Sidney Colpoys

​DACRES, Sir SIDNEY COLPOYS (1805–1884), admiral, son of Vice-admiral Sir Richard (d. 1837), and brother of General Sir Richard James Dacres, constable of the Tower [q. v.], entered the navy in 1817, and received his commission as lieutenant in 1827. In 1828, while lieutenant of the Blonde frigate, he was landed in command of a party of seamen to assist in the reduction of Kastro ​Morea (30 Oct.), a service for which he received the crosses of the Legion of Honour and of the Redeemer of Greece. In 1834 he was promoted to be commander, and from 1836–9 commanded the steamer Salamander, being employed during part of the time in the operations on the north coast of Spain. On 1 Aug. 1840 he was advanced to post rank, and, after several years on half-pay, commanded the St. Vincent from 1847–9, as flag-captain to Sir Charles Napier in the Channel. From 1849 to 1852 he commanded the Leander frigate, also in the Channel, and on 3 June 1852 he was appointed to the Sans Pareil, in which he went out to the Mediterranean and took part in the operations before Sebastopol, including the bombardment of 17 Oct. 1854 (Kinglake, Invasion of the Crimea, iii. 415, and plan). For this he received the C.B., and in July 1855 he was appointed captain-superintendent of Haslar Hospital and the Royal Clarence (Gosport) Victualling Yard, an office which he held till he attained his flag on 25 June 1858. In August 1859 he was appointed captain of the fleet in the Mediterranean, on board the Marlborough with Vice-admiral Fanshawe, and afterwards with Sir William Martin. In December 1861 he moved to the Edgar, as second in command in the Mediterranean; and in April 1863, still in the Edgar, was appointed commander-in-chief in the Channel. He held this command till his promotion to the rank of vice-admiral 17 Nov. 1865, having been made K.C.B. on 28 March 1865. In the following July he accepted a seat at the admiralty under Sir John Pakington. When Mr. Childers formed a new board in December 1868, Dacres became first sea lord, and continued in that position until November 1872. He became full admiral in 1870, and G.C.B. 20 May 1871; and on his retirement was appointed visitor and governor of Greenwich Hospital, and so continued till his death at Brighton on 8 March 1884.
He married in October 1840, Emma, daughter of Mr. D. Lambert, by whom he had several children; among others Seymour Henry Pelham Dacres, a captain in the navy, who died in Japan on 28 May 1887, aged 40.
J. K. L.