OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Anonymous (28 U.S. 397)/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
28 U.S. 397
Anonymous
MR WIRT moved the court to order copies of the opinion of the court delivered at this term in the case of Shanks et al. vs. Dupont et al., ante 242, to be certified with the judgment of the court, under the seal of the court. He stated, that he made the application on behalf of a gentleman who was interested in a case depending in England, upon similar principles with those decided in the case referred to; and the object was to lay the proceedings of this court, in an authenticated form, before the court in Great Britain, which was to decide the case depending there.
Mr. Chief Justice MARSHALL said, that the Reporter of the court is the proper person to give copies of the opinions delivered by the court. The opinions were delivered to him after they were read, and not to the Clerk, and they were not therefore in his office to be copied. Not being filed in the clerk's office, he could not certify copies of the opinions under the seal of the court.
If an authenticated copy of the opinion of the court is desired, the Reporter only could furnish it, certified; and the Clerk of the court may certify, under the seal of the court, that he is the Reporter, if this should also be required.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Anonymous of Andre's Death

* related portals: American Revolution.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Frank Moore in Songs and Ballads of the American Revolution records this verse written upon a manuscript copy of John André's poem "The Cow Chase".
"When the epic strain was sung.
The poet by the neck was hung.
And to his cost he finds too late.
The dung-born tribe decides his fate."
This work was published before January 1, 1929 and is anonymous or pseudonymous due to unknown authorship. It is in the public domain in the United States as well as countries and areas where the copyright terms of anonymous or pseudonymous works are 95 years or less since publication.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Anonymous v. Baker/Dissent Black

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinion Black
United States Supreme Court
360 U.S. 287
Anonymous v. Baker
Argued: March 25, 1959. --- Decided: June 15, 1959
Mr. Justice BLACK, with whom The CHIEF JUSTICE, Mr. Justice DOUGLAS and Mr. Justice BRENNAN concur, dissenting.
In re Groban, 352 U.S. 330, 77 S.Ct. 510, 1 L.Ed.2d 376, decided two years ago, upheld as constitutional the action of a state fire marshal in compelling persons suspected of burning a building to testify about the fire in secret and without benefit of the presence of their counsel. Four of us dissented on the ground that such secret inquisitions violated the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. In this case the Court upholds the action of a state judge in compelling testimony from persons suspected of getting statements of defendants in negligence cases under false pretenses and later 'tampering' with these statements. I think it violates due process for a judge no less than for a fire marshal to compel testmon y to be given incommunicado. In fact it was Star Chamber judges who helped to make closed-door court proceedings so obnoxious in this country that the Bill of Rights guarantees public trials and the assistance of counsel. And secretly compelled testimony does not lose its highly dangerous potentialities merely because it represents only a 'preliminary inquisition * * * whereby the court is given information that may move it to other acts thereafter.' (248 N.Y. 465, 162 N.W. 492.) Nor does this record justify a holding that this inquisition adopted the mantle of secrecy and barred counsel from the room out of tender solicitude for the reputation of the defendants in this contempt case. Doubtless the defendants' lawyer and the defendants themselves are at least as capable and perhaps as much interested in saving their reputations as the judge who is sending them to jail.
The naked, stark issue here is whether a judge, who must actually try cases in public-or any other government official for that matter-can consistently with due process compel persons to testify and perhaps to lay the groundwork for their later conviction of crime, in secret chambers, where counsel for the State can be present but where counsel for the suspect cannot. In upholding such secret inquisitions the Court once again retreats from what I conceive to be its highest duty, that of maintaining unimpaired the rights and liberties guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment and the Bill of Rights. Cf. Bartkus v. Illinois, 359 U.S. 121, 79 S.Ct. 676, 3 L.Ed.2d 684; Frank v. Maryland, 359 U.S. 360, 79 S.Ct. 804; Barenblatt v. United States, 360 U.S. 109, 79 S.Ct. 1081; Uphaus v. Wyman, 360 U.S. 72, 79 S.Ct. 1040. Here as in Groban my answer would be that no public official can constitutionally exercise such a dangerous power over any individual. I would therefore reverse this conviction.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Anonymous (1 U.S. 1)

Supreme Court of Pennsylvania:
September Term, 1754.
Before William Allen, Chief Justice. :
| Lawrence Growden, and | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | Justices. |
| Caleb Cowpland, | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ | Justices. |
Anonymous.
Adjudged by the court, that the Statute of Frauds and Perjuries does not extend to this Province, though made before Mr. Penn’s Charter: The Governor of New-York having exercised a Jurisdiction here, before the making that Statute, by Virtue of the Word Territories, in the Grant to the Duke of York, of New-York and New-Jersey.
# Anonymous (28 U.S. 397)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
28 U.S. 397
Anonymous
Practice
Certified copies of the opinions of the court, delivered in cases decided by the court, are to be given by the reporter, and not by the clerk of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fladen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fladen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fladen, masculine, ‘flat cake, cow dung,’ from Middle High German vlade, masculine, ‘broad, thin cake,’ Old High German flado, ‘offering-cake’; corresponds to Dutch vlade vla, feminine, ‘pancake,’ Middle English flaþe (Gothic *flaþa). Pre-Teutonic platan- or plathan- would have to be assumed, perhaps with the primitively sense, ‘surface, flat thing’; compare Greek πλατύς, ‘broad’; Greek πλάθανον (θ for Aryan th), ‘cake-mould’; Sanscrit pṛthús, ‘broad’ (akin to Sanscrit pṛthivî, ‘earth,’ under Feld), práthas, neuter, ‘breadth,’ Lithuanian platùs, ‘broad.’ Allied to the graded forms plôth, Latin Plôtus, Plautus, literally ‘flatfooted,’ semiplôtia, ‘slipper,’ Middle High German vluoder, ‘flounder,’ literally ‘flat fish.’ Remoter cognates of the whole class are Old Icelandic flatr, Old High German flaȥ, ‘level, flat.’ From Fladen, which is probably West Teutonic only, arc derived the early Middle Latin flado, Italian fiadone, ‘honeycomb,’ French flan, ‘flat cake, custard’ (whence English flawn, ‘a kind of custard’). Compare for its meaning Middle High German breitinc, masculine, ‘a sort of biscuit,’ akin to breit.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fittich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fittich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fittich, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German vittich, vëttach, masculine, neuter, vëttache, feminine, masculine, ‘wing, pinion,’ Old High German fëtah, older fëthdhah, masculine; in meaning a collective of Feder; compare Old Saxon fëtherac, Old High German fëderah, Middle High German fëdrach, ‘wing’; the formation of Old High German fëthdhah is not clear; was the Gothic form *fiþþaks? The dentals are obscure, yet the word is undoubtedly related to Feder.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flamberg

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flamberg. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flamberg, masculine, ‘broad-sword,’ simply Modern High German from French flamberge, the origin of which is often referred to German, though no suitable type can be found.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flamme

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flamme. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flamme, feminine, ‘flame, blaze, flash,’ from the equivalent Middle High German flamme, vlamme, feminine; compare Old Low German flamma, Dutch vlam, formed from Latin flamma.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fistel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fistel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fistel, feminine, ‘fistula, reed, falsetto,’ from Middle High German fistel, feminine, ‘a deep abscess in ducts or passages,’ even in Old High German fistul, formed from the equivalent Latin fistula; the term was first applied to the voice in Modern High German.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flagge

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flagge. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flagge, feminine, ‘flag, ensign, standard,’ borrowed, like most words with gg (see Dogge, Bagger), from Low German and Dutch in the Modern High German period; compare Dutch vlag, English flag, Danish flag, Swedish flagg. A modern Teutonic word not recorded in the earlier periods. In which of the Teutonic maritime tribes this and other nautical terms were first used we know not, for the earlier history eludes us. Since, however, Anglo-Saxon preserves the earliest forms of a number of nautical terms which are afterwards found in all the cognate languages (see Bord, Boot, Helm (2), Spriet, &c.), the silence of the Anglo-Saxon records — no term *flacge is found — may be accepted as a proof that Flagge is not native to England.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Flachs

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Flachs. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Flachs, masculine, ‘flax,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vlahs, Old High German flahs, masculine; compare Dutch vlas, Anglo-Saxon fleax, neuter, English flax; a common West Teutonic term, unknown to Scandinavian and Gothic. Usually referred to the root fleh (or fleht) in flechten; s (Gothic *flahsa-) is probably a suffix.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fist

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fist. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fist, masculine, ‘fart,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vist, masculine; akin to the equivalent Dutch veest, Anglo-Saxon fist. A common Aryan root pezd appears in Latin pêdo for pezdo, as well as in Greek βδέω, from *βσδέω, Lithuanian bezdù (bezděti), Hence Teutonic fisti- is to be explained by Aryan pezd-i-. From the verbal noun fist a verbal root fī̆s, ‘pedere,’ was inferred in very early times. Compare Old Icelandic físa.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fitze

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fitze. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fitze, feminine, ‘knot of yarn, skein, wrinkle,’ from Middle High German vitze, Old High German fizza, feminine, ‘a number of reeled threads tied together, skein, yarn’; akin to Old Icelandic fǫt, ‘clothes,’ Middle High German vaȥȥen, ‘to dress,’ root fat, fet? ‘to spin’? ‘to weave’?. Yet it is more closely connected with Old Saxon fittea, Anglo-Saxon fitt, ‘chapters, divisions in poems.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Fisch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Fisch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Fisch, masculine, ‘fish,’ from the equivalent Middle High German visch, Old High German fisk, masculine; a common Teutonic term; compare Gothic fisks, Old Icelandic fiskr, Anglo-Saxon fisc, English fish, Dutch visch, Old Saxon fisc. Teutonic fiska-z, from pre-Teutonic pisko-s, corresponds to Latin piscis and Old Irish iasc (with the normal loss of p from prehistoric peiskos). The word belongs to the three most western groups of the Aryan division, which have also the word Meer in common; in East Aryan matsya. Further, there are no names of fishes common to Teutonic and Latin-Keltic. Perhaps the term was a migratory word of early civilization, the source of which cannot be discovered.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trotte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Trotte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trotte, feminine, ‘wine-press,’ from the equivalent Middle High German trotte (trote), Old High German trotta (trota), feminine; literally perhaps ‘place where the wine is pressed out by treading.’ A derivative of the Teutonic root tred (trod), which has been discussed under treten (see also the preceding word). For a term adopted with the Southern culture of the vine, see under Kelter (compare also Torkel).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Truchseß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Truchseß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Truchseß, masculine, ‘lord high-steward,’ from the equivalent Middle High German truh-, truht-sœȥe (-sœtze), Old High German truhsûȥȥo (zz). The Middle Latin rendering, ‘dapifer, discophorus,’ shows that the ​word signified ‘he who serves the food.’ Yet Middle High German and Old High German truht is not used in the sense of ‘food’; it signifies ‘that which can be carried’ (a derivative of tragen), and might thus mean also ‘the food, served up.’ On account of Middle High German and Old High German truht, ‘crowd, troop,’ others with greater reason regard Middle High German truhsœȥe as ‘he who sits with the retainers (or at the head of the table), provides for their maintenance (hence dapifer) and assigns to them their places at table.’ The word is also found in Low German dialects; compare Low German Drostei, ‘district of a Droste’ (high bailiff; Middle Dutch drossâte); Dutch drossaard, ‘high bailiff.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trug

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Trug. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trug, masculine, ‘deception, illusion,’ Modern High German only, allied to trügen, older triegen, which is derived from the equivalent Middle High German triegen, Old High German triogan, strong verb, corresponding to Old Saxon bidriogan, ‘to cheat, deceive.’ To these are allied Teutonic draumo-, ‘phantom’ (see Traum), as well as Old Icelandic draugr, ‘ghost,’ Old Saxon gidrog, Middle High German getroc (g), ‘ghost’ (compare also Zwerg). The Teutonic root drū̆g (dwerg), ‘to deceive,’ contained in these words, is based on an Aryan root dhrū̆gh (dhwergh), ‘to overreach, injure’; compare Sanscrit druh, ‘to injure (by deceit, craftiness, or enchantment),’ Old Persian drauga, ‘lie,’ Zend draoga, ‘lying’ (druj, ‘ghost’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Truhe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Truhe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Truhe, feminine, ‘trunk, chest,’ from Middle High German truhe (*trucke is indicated by dialectic Trucke), Old High German truha (truccha), feminine, ‘chest, cupboard,’ Old Icelandic þró (from þrū̆h), and Anglo-Saxon þrûk, ‘chest, drawer,’ seem to be allied in meaning although the sounds do not entirely correspond. In any case Latin truncus, ‘trunk’ (of a tree) is not allied. If Anglo-Saxon þrûh is not identical with High German Truhe (Middle Latin trucca), the latter may be connected with Trog; Truhe (literally ‘wooden vessel’) would then be Aryan drū̆k- (drukn-).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trotz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Trotz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trotz, masculine, ‘boldness, obstinacy, defiance,’ from Middle High German (Middle German) trotz, of which the more usual forms are Middle High German tratz, trutz, masculine, ‘refractoriness’; allied to Middle High German tratzen, tretzen, ‘to defy,’ tratz, ‘insolent, defiant, obstinate.’ The word is unknown to Old High German and the other Old Teutonic dialects, but there is no reason to suppose that it has been borrowed. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Troß

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Troß. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Troß, masculine, ‘baggage, baggage-train, cavalcade,’ from late Middle High German trosse, feminine, ‘luggage,’ formed from French trousse, ‘truss, bundle.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trubel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Trubel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trubel, masculine, ‘confusion, trouble,’ Modern High German only, from French trouble.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trumm

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Trumm. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trumm, masculine, ‘end, stomp, fragment,’ which is found besides only in the plural Trümmer, ‘fragments, ruins,’ is based on Middle High German and Old High German drum, neuter, ‘end, piece, end-piece, splinter’; compare Old Icelandic þrǫmr, ‘brim, edge, verge,’ English (Anglo-Saxon) thrum, ‘end-piece.’ Teutonic þramu- (þrumu-), from Aryan trmo-, has rightly been connected with Latin terminus, Greek τέρμα, ‘boundary, conclusion, end.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trost

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Trost. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trost, masculine, ‘comfort, consolation,’ from Middle High German and Old High German trôst, masculine, ‘comfort, help, protection, assurance, confidence’; corresponding to Old Icelandic traust, masculine, ‘assurance,’ Gothic traust (genitive traustis for -eis), ‘treaty, alliance.’ The word is a derivative of the Teutonic root traus, a variant of the root trū̆ appearing in trauen. Compare Old Icelandic traustr, adjective, ‘certain, strong, firm,’ literally ‘that in which one has confidence.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Trott

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Trott. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Trott, masculine, ‘trot,’ Modern High German only, from the equivalent Italian trotto (French trot). This Romance word is apparently based on Old High German trottôn, ‘to tread’ (late Middle High German trotten, ‘to run’), an intensive form of treten. English to trot has been adopted from the borrowed French term trotter. Compare the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schmant

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schmant | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schmant, m. (Livon., LG., and Hess.), ‘cream,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. smant, borrowed in the 15th cent. from Slav.; comp. Bohem. smant. With Bohem. smetana (Russ. smetana, ‘cream’) is connected the dial. (Siles., Bohem., and Austr.) Schmetten, ‘cream,’ to which Schmetterling is probably related.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schmarre

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schmarre | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schmarre, f., ‘slash, scar,’ ModHG. only; corresponding to LG. smarre; unknown to the OTeut. languages; only in MidHG. does a cognate smurre, f., ‘cut, stroke,’ occur. Of obscure origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schmaus

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schmaus | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schmaus, m., ‘feast, banquet’; its history and origin are obscure. Yet Du. smullen, ‘to eat or drink immoderately, carouse,’ smuisteren, ‘to feast, Du. and LG. smudderen, smodderen, ‘to feast,’ are probably cognate. The word is unknown to the OTeut. period.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schlüssel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schlüssel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schlüssel, m., ‘key,’ from the equiv. MidHG. slüȥȥel, OHG. sluȥȥil, m.; corresponding to OSax. slutil, Du. sleutel. This derivative of schließen (Goth. *slutila-) is wanting in E., OIc., and Goth.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schmack

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schmack | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schmack, see schmecken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schmacke

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schmacke | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schmacke, f., ‘smack’ (vessel), ModHG. only, formed from the equiv. LG. and Du. smak, E. smack, Dan. smakke (comp. Fr. semaque); its history and origin are obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Schmalz

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schmalz | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schmalz, n., ‘fat, grease, suet,’ from MidHG. and OHG. smalz, n., ‘melted fat for cooking, grease, butter’ (comp. Ital. dial. smalzo, ‘butter’); allied to schmelzen, ‘to melt,’ which, in the sense ‘to cook with fat,’ is derived from Schmalz.