OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kopf

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Kopf. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kopf, masculine, ‘head,’ from Middle High German kopf, masculine, ‘drinking vessel, cup, pint measure, skull, head’; Old High German choph, chuph, masculine, ‘goblet’; Anglo-Saxon cuppa, English cup; Scandinavian koppr, masculine, ‘crockery in the form of cups.’ This class is one of the most difficult to explain. Haupt, English head, is certainly the real Teutonic and earlier term for Kopf, and only in Modern High German has the latter finally supplanted the former. The numerous senses of the cognates further involves us in doubt, although analogies may be adduced in favour of the evolution of the notion ‘head’ from an earlier meaning ‘cup’; compare Old Icelandic kolla, feminine, ‘pot,’ kollr, masculine, ‘head’; Modern High German Hirnschale; Italian coppa, ‘cup,’ and Provençal cobs, ‘skull’; French tête, from Latin testa; Gothic hwaírni, ‘skull,’ allied to Anglo-Saxon hwër, ‘kettle,’ Dutch hersen-pan, ‘skull,’ Middle English herne-, brainpanne, ‘skull,’ allied to Pfanne, ‘pan’; Dutch hersen-becken, ‘skull,’ allied to Becken, ‘basin.’ Thus in fact he ordinary assumption might be allowed to stand, according to which the entire class is based on Middle Latin cuppa (Italian coppa), ‘cup,’ Latin cûpa, ‘cask.’ There are, however, cognate terms in Teutonic which induce us to proceed, not from Latin cûpa, ‘cask,’ but from a primary Teutonic word meaning ‘point, summit,’ Anglo-Saxon and Middle English copp, ‘summit, point,’ Middle English also ‘head,’ English cop (for the evolution in meaning compare Giebel, allied to Greek κεφαλή, dialectic Dach, ‘roof,’ for Kopf); Old Saxon coppod, ‘cristatus’ of serpents, is also worthy of note. The Teutonic origin of the word Kopf in its Modern High German sense is also supported by the fact that Old High German chuppha, Middle High German kupfe, feminine, ‘head-dress,’ evidently connected with Kopf, is necessary to explain some Romance cognates — Italian cuffia, French coiffe, and Middle Latin cofea, are derived from Old High German chuppha. Besides, Latin cûpa, cuppa, as a feminine is not well adapted in form to explain the Teutonic masculine, especially since ​koppa- (Gothic *kuppa- is certainly wanting) had already too wide a ramification in the Old Teutonic languages. But in any case, it is conceivable that the assumed genuine Teutonic word was confused at an early period with a Middle Latin and Romance term, and thus incorporated a number of foreign meanings. Compare Kuppe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bisam

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bisam | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bisam, m., ‘musk,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bisem, OHG. bisam, bisamo, from MidLat. bisamum, which is of oriental origin (Hebr. besem, Syr. besmo).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bistum

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bistum | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bistum, n., ‘bishopric.’ Even in MidHG. bischtuom and bistuom, OHG. biscetuom, from biscoftuom. By a similar change Bismarck was formed from bischoves marc; on the borders of such a mark the property of the tribe was situated.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Blase

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Blase | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Blase, f., ‘blister, bubble, flaw,’ from MidHG. blâse, OHG. blâsa; the last two specially mean ‘urinary bladder.’ Comp. Blatter and blasen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bischof

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bischof | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bischof, m., ‘bishop,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bischof (v), OHG. biscof (to which Bistum is related); Du. bisschop, AS. bisceop, E. bishop, with the same meaning. In Goth. with a closer adherence to the primit. form (ἐπίσκοπος) aípiskaúpus. This widely diffused word was probably adopted, like the Arianism of the Goths (comp. Kirche), from the Greeks without passing through ​Romance. The Lat.-Rom. origin is indeed supported by the initial b as well as the loss of the original e at the beginning; comp. Ital. vescovo, OFr. vesque (also evesque, ModFr. évêque, and OIr. epscop). Comp. further OSlov. jepĭskopŭ.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Blaker

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Blaker | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Blaker, m., ‘chandelier’ (in Voss), from the equiv. LG. and Du. blaker; comp. AS. blœcern; from the MidLG. and Du. blaken, ‘to burn, glow.’ For further Teut. and Aryan cognates see under Blitz.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Biß

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Biß | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Biß, Bißchen, ‘bit, trifle,’ from beißen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Blackfisch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Blackfisch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Blackfisch, m., ‘cuttlefish,’ from LG. blackfisk. Blak is the LG. term for ink (blakhorn, ‘inkstand’); comp. AS. blœc, ‘ink,’ E. black (a colour and shoemaker's black), OHG. blach.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Blahe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Blahe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Blahe, f., ‘coarse linen,’ from MidHG. balhe, blâ, f.; a dialect. widely diffused word, with the parallel forms blähe, plane, blache, plauwe; the primit. form is Goth. *blahwa?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bissen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bissen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bissen, m., ‘bit, morsel,’ from the equiv. MidHG. biȥȥe, OHG. biȥȥo; comp. AS. bita, E. bit, and beißen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Blankscheit

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Blankscheit | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Blankscheit, n., ‘busk’ (whalebone in a corset), corrupted in ModHG. from Fr. planchette.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Makrele

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Makrele. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Makrele, feminine, ‘mackerel,’ from late Middle High German makrêle, feminine; borrowed from the equivalent Dutch makreel (compare English mackerel), which is of Romance origin; Middle Latin macarellus, maquerellus, Old French maguerel, Modern French maquereau.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Maie

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Maie. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Maie, masculine, ‘green boughs for adornment,’ from late Middle High German meie, masculine, ‘birch tree,’ whence Italian majo, French mai, ‘green boughs, maypole’; identical with Mai.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Maische

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Maische. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Maische, see Meische.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mais

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Mais. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mais, neuter, ‘maize,’ Modern High German only, a recent word in the Modern European languages, of American origin (mahis in Hayti); compare French mais, English maize, and Spanish maiz. Columbus is said to have imported the corn and its name.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Malter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Malter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Malter, masculine and neuter, ‘measure’ (in Prussian formerly about 18 bush.), from Middle High German malter, malder, neuter, ‘corn measure’; compare Old High German maltar, Old Saxon maldar, neuter, ‘measure.’ Formed by means of the Teutonic suffix -þra-, -dra- (Greek τρο-, Latin tro-, compare Alter), from the root mal; see mahlen, Malter means literally ‘grinding,’ then ‘the quantity given to be ground at one time.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Malve

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Malve. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Malve, feminine, ‘mallow,’ Modern High German only, from Latin (Italian) malva; if it were borrowed at an early period, lv in Latin ought to have changed into lb in Modern High German. In England the Latin term was adopted in very early times; hence Anglo-Saxon mealwe, English mallow (Dutch maluwe). Compare also French mauve.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Majoran

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Majoran. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Majoran, masculine, ‘marjoram,’ in Middle High German meigramme, masculine, and also meiron, meieron, ‘marjoram.’ From Middle Latin majorana; the Middle High German words seem to be based in sound on meie, ‘May.’ Compare Italian majorana, French marjolaine, English marjoram; the last two have also been corrupted?. The ultimate source of the- word is Greek ἁμάρακον, whence Latin amaracus and majoracus (based on major).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Makel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Makel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Makel, masculine, ‘stain, blot,’ from late Middle High German mâkel, masculine, which was borrowed from Latin macula, ‘spot.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mal

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Mal. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mal (1.), neuter, ‘mark, spot,’ from Middle High German mâl, neuter, ‘spot,’ Old High German *mâl in the compound anamâli, ‘spot, car’; identical with Middle High German and Old High German mâl, ‘period, point’; see mal (2). Its primitive kinship with Gothic mail, neuter, ‘spot,’ is uncertain, yet Mal has at all events assumed the meaning of Gothic mail, which is normally represented by Old High German and Middle High German meil, neuter; to this corresponds Anglo-Saxon mâl, whence English mole. Gothic mél, ‘time,’ points to the Aryan root mē̆, ‘to measure’ (Greek μέτρον, Latin mêtîri).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Malz

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Malz. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Malz, neuter, ‘malt,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German malz, neuter; compare Old Saxon and Old Icelandic malt, neuter, Anglo-Saxon mealt, English malt (Gothic *malt, neuter); a common Teutonic word for ‘malt,’ which passed into Slavonic and Finnish (compare Old Slovenian mlato, Finnish mallas), and also into French as malt. Teutonic *maltas belongs to a Teutonic root melt, in Anglo-Saxon mëltan, ‘to dissolve, liquefy, melt,’ to which is allied an Old Icelandic adjective maltr, ‘rotten,’ similar to Old High German and Middle High German malz, ‘melting away, soft, relaxed.’ Perhaps the substantive Malz (Gothic *malt, neuter) is only the neuter of this adjective, meaning ‘that which is soft.’ See further schmelzen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drohen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry drohen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drohen, verb, ‘threaten,’ from the equivalent Middle High German drôu, weak verb, which is the denominative of an earlier dro, feminine, ‘threat.’ The more ancient verb is Modern High German dräuen, from Middle High German dröuwen, drouwen, Old High German dręwen, drouwen; Gothic *þraujan, Anglo-Saxon þreán þreáde) (equivalent to English to threaten). Old High German drô, drôa (genitive drawa), corresponds to Anglo-Saxon þreá; Gothic þrawa is wanting, genitive þrawôs, feminine, ‘threat.’ In English the word is obsolete. Beyond Teutonic there are no cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dudeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry dudeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dudeln, verb, simply Modern High German formed from the equivalent Polish dudlić, ‘to play the bagpipes,’ from dudy, ‘bagpipe.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dritte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry dritte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dritte, ordinal of drei, ‘third,’ Middle High German dritte, Old High German dritto; corresponds to Gothic þridja; Anglo-Saxon þridda, English third. þri- is the stem (see Drillich), dja the suffix, which forms the ordinal from the cardinal; it is -lio- in Latin tertius Sanscrit tṛtîya-s. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drücken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry drücken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drücken, drucken, ‘to press, oppress, hug, print,’ from Middle High German drücken, drucken, Old High German drucchen (compare Anglo-Saxon þryccan, ‘to press’), Middle High German drucken, an unmodified Upper German variant, has a specialised meaning in Modern High German. In Gothic the substantive would be *þrukks, the verb þrukkjan. Since the Middle High German verb drücken is equivalent to ‘to press, throng, oppress, thrust oneself,’ the meanings harmonise well with dringen, which is based upon an Aryan root trenk, while drücken would be derived from a root trek without the nasal; the kk of the theoretical Gothic form originated probably in kn. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/du

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry du. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ du, 2nd personal pronoun, ‘thou’; from Middle High German and Old High German du, and the collateral Middle High German and Old High German dû; compare Anglo-Saxon þû, English thou; Latin tu, Greek τύ, σύ, and Sanscrit tvam, are primary cognates. The details respecting the Aryan pronominal stem belong to grammar.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dulden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry dulden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dulden, verb (unknown to the Suabian, and perhaps also to the other Upper German dialects), ‘to bear, tolerate, suffer,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German dulten; a denominative of Old High German dult, Middle High German dult, feminine, Modern High German Geduld. The Goth used þulan for dulden without the dental derivative (Old High German dolên, Middle High German doln, both far more general in meaning than the Modern High German dulden, ‘to suffer’; Anglo-Saxon þolian, ‘to suffer’). The pre-Teutonic root is tel, tol, tlê, which appears, exactly corresponding to the meaning of the Teutonic cognates, in Greek τλή-μων ‘to suffer,’ τλή-μων, ‘miserable,’ πολύτλας, ‘much enduring,’ &c. Latin tolerâre and ertragen (Latin perferre), show that Latin tollo (participle latus tor *tlâ-tus; preterite tuli, from offero), and Greek τολμᾶν, ‘to venture, endure,’ may be cognates. Hence the primary sense of the root appearing in the graded forms tel, tol, tlê, tlâ, is ‘to bear, tolerate.’ See Geduld.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dröhnen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry dröhnen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dröhnen, verb, ‘to roar, mumble, creak, drone,’ simply Modern High German, borrowed from Low German drönen; compare Dutch dreunen, Old Icelandic drynja, verb, ‘to drone, roar,’ Old Icelandic drynr, masculine, ‘droning,’ Gothic drunjus, masculine, ‘loud sound.’ See derivatives of the same root drē̆n, dhrē̆n, under Drohne; compare besides Greek θρῆνος, ‘lamentation.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drängen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry drängen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drängen, verb, ‘to press, pinch, dun,’ from Middle High German dręngen, factitive of dringen. Drangsal is early Modern High German; -sal is the frequentative Modern High German, suffix, the older form of which is as isal, Gothic isl, Anglo-Saxon and English -ls. Gothic formed from the same stem, but by a different gradation, an abstract þreihsl, ‘hardship, oppression.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/drollig

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry drollig. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ drollig, adjective, ‘droll, ludicrous, queer,’ simply Modern High German from Low German drullig, Dutch drollig; English droll (substantive and adjective), also adjective drollish; French drôle, ‘droll, merry.’ None of these are recorded in the older periods of the several languages, hence their origin (Romance? Teutonic?). is obscure. The derivation from the Scandinavian name trǫll applied to ghostly monsters is improbable, for in the Scandinavian dialects the word has an initial t while the. Modern High German drollig and its cognates have d.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ducken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry ducken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ducken, verb, ‘to bow, duck, stoop, dive,’ with Low German initial d, from Middle High German tucken, tücken, ‘to incline the body quickly, bend, bow'; probably a frequentative of Middle High German tûchen, ‘to dive,’ which see.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schnapphahn

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schnapphahn. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schnapphahn, masculine, ‘highwayman,’ from the equivalent late Middle High German snaphan; yet it seems that the word signified originally a sort of musket, although this meaning is first recorded at the end of the 17th century, and hence is later than ‘mounted highwayman,’ which occurs even in the 15th century; the signification ‘musket’ was afterwards transferred to the man armed with such a weapon. Compare Dutch snaphaan, ‘gun, musket, bandit.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schnaps

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schnaps. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schnaps, masculine,. ‘dram, glass of gin or brandy, liquor,’ from the equivalent Low German snapps, which means literally ‘draught, mouthful,’ and is connected with schnappen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schnaue

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schnaue. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schnaue, feminine, ‘snow’ (vessel), from the equivalent Low German snau, Dutch snaauw, whence also English snow, French senau; “orig. a ship with a beak, from Low German snau, ‘beak.’” Yet compare also Old High German snacga, ‘navis rostrata’?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schneide

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schneide. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schneide, feminine, ‘(cutting) edge, snare, gin,’ from Middle High German snîde, feminine, ‘edge of a sword or a knife’; allied to schneiden, from Middle High German snîden, Old High German snîdan, ‘to cut, carve, make (clothes)’; compare Gothic sneiþan, ‘to cut, reap,’ Old Icelandic snìða, Anglo-Saxon snîþan (obsolete at the beginning of the Middle English period), Dutch snijden, Old Saxon snîthan. A common Teutonic verb from the root snī̆þ (snī̆d), ‘to cut,’ which has to correspondences in the other Aryan languages. See schnitzen. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schnake

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schnake. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schnake, feminine, ‘gnat, midge,’ from the equivalent Middle High German snâke, masculine and feminine; the sounds point to Old High German *snâko (from the base *snâggo; compare Hafen, from the base *hâggo). The properly Low German schnake, feminine, ‘water-snake,’ is different from this word, and corresponds to English snake, Anglo-Saxon snăcu, ‘snake,’ Old Icelandic snákr, snókr, ‘snake’ (Swedish snok, ‘water-snake’).