OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Brady v. Maryland/Separate White

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinion Harlan
* Separate Opinion White
* Wikipedia article
Separate opinion of Mr. Justice WHITE.
1. The Maryland Court of Appeals declared, 'The suppression or withholding by the State of material evidence exculpatory to an accused is a violation of due process' without citing the United States Constitution or the Maryland Constitution which also has a due process clause. We therefore cannot be sure which Constitution was invoked by the court below and thus whether the State, the only party aggrieved by this portion of the judgment, could even bring the issue here if it desired to do so. See New York City v. Central Savings Bank, 306 U.S. 661, 59 S.Ct. 790, 83 L.Ed. 1058; Minnesota v. National Tea Co., 309 U.S. 551, 60 S.Ct. 676, 84 L.Ed. 920. But in any event, there is no cross-petiton by the State, nor has it challenged the correctness of the ruling below that a new trial on punishment was called for by the requirements of due process. In my view, therefore, the Court should not reach the due process question which it decides. It certainly is not the case, as it may be suggested, that without it we would have only a state law question, for assuming the court below was correct in finding a violation of petitioner's rights in the suppression of evidence, the federal question he wants decided here still remains, namely, whether denying him a new trial on guilt as well as punishment deprives him of equal protection. There is thus a federal question to deal with in this Court, cf. Bell v. Hood, 327 U.S. 678, 66 S.Ct. 773, 90 L.Ed. 939, wholly aside from the due process question involving the suppression of evidence. The majority opinion makes this unmistakably clear. Before dealing with the due process issue it says, 'The question presented is whether petitioner was denied a federal right when the Court of Appeals restricted the new trial to the question of punishment.' After discussing at some length and disposing of the suppression matter in federal constitutional terms it says the question still to be decided is the same as it was before: 'The question remains whether petitioner was denied a constitutional right when the Court of Appeals restricted his new trial to the question of punishment.'
The result, of course, is that the due process discussion by the Court is wholly advisory.
2. In any event the Court's due process advice goes substantially beyond the holding below. I would employ more confining language and would not cast in constitutional form a broad rule of criminal discovery. Instead, I would leave this task, at least for new, to the rule-making or legislative process after full consideration by legislators, bench, and bar.
3. I concur in the Court's disposition of petitioner's equal protection argument.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brady v. Southern Railway Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
320 U.S. 476
Brady v. Southern Railway Company
Argued: Oct. 19, 1943. --- Decided: Dec 20, 1943
Mr. D. E. Hudgins and Welch Jordan, both of Greensboro, N.C., for petitioner.
Mr. Sidney S. Alderman, of Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice REED delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brady v. Maryland

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), was a United States Supreme Court case in which the prosecution had withheld from the criminal defendant certain evidence. The defendant challenged his conviction, arguing it had been contrary to the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. Warning: template has been deprecated.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Harlan

## Separate Opinion

    White
United States Supreme Court
373 U.S. 83
Brady v. Maryland
Argued: March 18 and 19, 1963. --- Decided: May 13, 1963
E. Clinton Bamberger, Jr., Baltimore, Md., for petitioner.
Thomas W. Jamison, III, Baltimore, Md., for respondent.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Brady v. Roosevelt Steamship Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
317 U.S. 575
Brady v. Roosevelt Steamship Company
Argued: Dec. 18, 1942. --- Decided: Jan 18, 1943
See 318 U.S. 799, 63 S.Ct. 659, 87 L.Ed. --.
Mr. Simone N. Gazan, of New York City, for petitioner.
Mr. Vernon S. Jones, of New York City, for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Alpha Sigma Chi

This, the youngest of the college fraternities of any importance, was founded at Rutgers College, New Jersey, in 1874, by Elbridge Vansyckel, Jr., '73, Chas. L. D. Washburn, '75, and Wm. P. Watson, M.D., '75. Closely associated with these three gentlemen was Ellis Dunn Thompson, C. E., '76, of Cornell University. The Rutgers Chapter, which was termed the Alpha, was formally announced in 1874, although the movement which resulted in its formation was begun nearly three years before. The Cornell Chapter soon followed, and the roll of chapters is at present as follows :
* Alpha, Rutgers College, 1874.
* Beta, Cornell University, 1874.
* Gamma, Stevens Institute of Technology, 1875.
* Delta, Princeton College, 1876 (died 1878).
* Epsilon, St. Lawrence University, 1876.
* Zeta, Columbia College, 1877 (died 1878).
* Eta, Maine State College, 1878.
At the time of its formation the Alpha was the best fraternity chapter at Rutgers, and had a large membership. The chapter, though now small, is prosperous. The members of the Beta have always been foremost in athletic sports, and have been among the chief supporters of Cornell's navy. The Gamma has won its way to the foremost place at the Stevens Institute, and is now the largest chapter. The Delta, established at a time when it was deemed a heinous crime to be a member of a secret organization at Princeton, prospered until 1878, when the charter was withdrawn by order of the convention. The Epsilon was formed from a literary society which long held a prominent place at St. Lawrence University. The chapter possesses a fine hall in the university buildings. The Zeta had hardly been started on what bid fair to be a smooth and successful career when some discontented spirits brought discord and disunion into its ranks. Its charter is suspended. The Eta, like the Epsilon, was formerly a local society. Annual conventions of the fraternity are held with the chapters in turn, the last one having met under the auspices of the Gamma, in December, 1878. The fraternity, as yet, has issued no catalogues, its sole publications being a collection of songs, privately printed, and the "Alpha Sigma Chi Waltz," dedicated to Epsilon.
The badge of the fraternity is a jewelled monogram of the letters "ΑΣΧ," and is one of the handsomest of all the Greek-Letter badges. The colors are purple and gold. The total number of members is 223.
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Alpha Sigma Phi

For current information, see Alpha Sigma Phi.
Was the second sophomore society founded at Yale College in the class of 1848, and drew its members from Delta Kap in the freshman year. The Yale Chapter being denominated the "Alpha," others were established and named as follows:
* Alpha, Yale College, 1846 (died 1864).
* Beta, Harvard College, 1850 (died 1857).
* Gamma, Amherst College, 1847 (died 1862).
* Delta, Marietta College, 1860.
* Epsilon, Ohio Wesleyan University, 1865 (died 1865).
The Alpha was broken up by an election row at the time stated. The Beta was killed by the faculty. The remaining chapters did not confine their membership to the sophomore class, but ranked as a general fraternity. The Epsilon was but six weeks old at the time of its decease. The Delta is now the only survivor, and is flourishing.
The society badge is a rectangular slab about an inch in length, with a projecting trefoil at each corner. On this is displayed a shield bearing an open book engraved with hieroglyphics and crossed with a quill. Below the book are the letters "ΑΣΦ." The motto of the society is represented by the letters "C. L. V. E. N.," which at Yale was facetiously interpreted to mean "College Laws Violated Every Night." The significance of both the name and motto has been changed by the chapter at Marietta.
A chapter is said to have been established at Princeton, but the rumor cannot be authenticated.
The chapter at Marietta owns a fine chapter house, and is in a flourishing condition. The society's colors are stone-color and cardinal. The total number of the Delta’s members is about 200; the records of the remaining chapters have been either lost or destroyed.
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Class fraternities

In addition to the regular fraternities, there are in the Eastern colleges certain societies which are the especial property of one class: Thus we have senior, junior, sophomore, and freshman societies. Many of them have Greek names and badges, and some few have several chapters. They interfere in no way with the fraternities, and usually serve to bring the leading spirits of each class together. In the following account of the class societies, I am indebted to a work entitled "Four Years at Yale," published anonymously in 1871, for information in regard to the Yale societies. The first class society was probably Phi Beta Kappa, which at first only admitted seniors. It was followed by Chi Delta Theta and others at Yale, and the idea has been extensively copied. By an “open” society is meant one which admits members whether they belong to other fraternities or not.
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Class fraternities/Senior societies
## Skull and Bones.

This society originated in 1832, its founders being fifteen members of the class of '33, among whom were General Russell and ex-Attorney-General Taft. The membership is always fifteen each year, and, unlike the other societies at Yale, there is no electioneering or "pledging" connected with its management. The society endeavors to select the most prominent men in the class in every way, and is generally successful. Its elections are offered equally to Psi U., or D. K. E. men, but neutrals very frequently have been elected also.
The society owns a fine hall, and is said to possess a very complete collection of “memorabilia” appertaining to the college. Its badge is of solid gold, and consistsof a skull supported by the crossed bones, and having the figures “322” in place of the lower jaw. Its mode of offering elections, wearing badges, its catalogues, commencement invitations, and general usages are peculiar, though somewhat silly, and are described at length in the work on Yale referred to above.

## Scroll and Key.

Scroll and Key was founded in 1841 by members of the class of ’42. It was probably the result of antagonism to Skull and Bones. Its usages and customs have been copied very closely after its older rival, and it is in most respects similar. Its badge is a plain scroll, across which a key is lying, and is of solid gold. It owns a fine hall. For many years it was somewhat looked down upon, but it now stands upon equal terms with the other senior society.
Other senior societies have been established at Yale, such as “Spade and Grave,“ “Star and Dart," “Crown and Sceptre” etc.

## Chi Delta Theta.

This society, which perhaps ought to have been mentioned before the other two, was founded in 1821 as a literary society. It flourished for some time and then disbanded, its library being made a present to the college. It was revived in 1868, at the suggestion of one of the board of editors of the “Literary Magazine,” and its membership has since been confined to that board, and it is now assured of a continued active existence. Its badge is a gold triangle, upon the lower side of which is inscribed “ΧΔΘ, 1821;" on the reverse is the holder’s name and class, and “Yale Lit., 1836.”

## Elephant and Coffin.

A senior society which originated in the College of the City of New York, and is one of a host of imitators of the external forms of the Yale Societies, such as the “Owl and Serpent,” at Wesleyan; the “Trident and Shell,” at Michigan, etc.

## Kappa Kappa.

A recent society at Bowdoin, local and open.

## Delta Kappa Delta.

A class society at Marietta. It has an annual membership of from three to eight.

## Phi Chi.

A senior society at Bowdoin.

## Beta Omega.

A society founded at Knyon in 1841. It is local, and possesses a large membership.

## C. C. C.

An apparently select society, founded at the University of California in 1876. The badge is a crescent inscribed with the above letters.
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Berzelius

A fraternity established at the Sheffield Scientific School, in 1863. It is distinctly local, and very prosperous, nnmbering among its alumni several of Yale’s eminent graduates. Its badge is a combination of potash bulbs surmounted by the letter “B.”
# Baird's Manual of American College Fraternities (1879)/Class fraternities/Junior societies

At Yale College, Delta Kappa Epsilon, Psi Upsilon, and Alpha Delta Phi, are junior societies. The latter, however, died in 1872, leaving only two rivals in the field.

## Theta Omega Chi.

A local junior society at the University of California, founded in 1874.

## Alpha Epsilon.

A local society at Rochester University.

## Kappa Mu.

A local and open society at Bowdoin.

## Sigma Upsilon Pi.

A junior society at Dartmouth.
# Badders v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
240 U.S. 391
Badders v. United States
Argued: February 23 and 24, 1916. ---
Messrs. James H. Harkless, D. R. Hite, and Clifford Histed for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 391-393 intentionally omitted]
Assistant Attorney General Wallace for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Badger

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Badger."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
In the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica:
* "Badger (animal)," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
* "Badger (trader)," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
# The History of Colchester Royal Grammar School/Editorial

Layout 2
EDITORIAL
This issue of the Colcestrian is devoted entirely to a history of the School; the detailed record is to the year 1900, while a brief chronological summary carries the story forward to the present day.
This history goes into greater detail than any known previous record, and deals at some length with the School's well—known claims to antiquity. It is of special interest in that it has been written by a present scholar of the School.
While no claim is made that it is an official history, every care has been taken to make it as accurate as possible. The manuscript has been circulated as widely as circumstances allowed among Old Boys and others interested in the School. We should like to thank those who made suggestions; those who very kindly sent old copies of the Colcestrian for our files; and the municipal authorities in the Town Hall and the Museum for placing special information and special documents at our disposal.
# The History of Colchester Royal Grammar School/Frontispiece

Layout 2
# The History of Colchester Royal Grammar School/Chronological Table

Layout 2
SOME LEADING EVENTS (1899-1947)
1899. " New Scheme." P. S. Jeffrey first lay Headmaster. 1900. Carmen Colcestriense. 1901. " Cloister " row of classrooms opened. 1901. Old Colcestrian Society formed. W. G. Benham first President. 1901. (Dec.) Colcestrian (N.S.). Preceded by three issues of 0.5., published 1901. --->Southampton. 1903. O.C. Colours red and black instead of red, yellow and white. 1903. " Pre " founded. Colours amber. (Taken over by Governors officially 1903. --->in 1910.) 1905. Recognition by Board of Education. (First full inspection in 1907 1908. Scheme amended, with Board of Governors :— 1908. --->Chairman (Mayor) and six members nominated by Town Council. 1908. --->Five members County Council 1908. --->One member each, London and Cambridge Universities, Bishop of 1908. --->Diocese. 1908. --->Three co-opted members. 1908. Four-House System replaces Three-House System. 1908. -----> School House (School). as well as - Parr's House (North Town). 1908. -----> Harsnett's House (South Town). and Dugard's House. 1908. New School Colours. Purple with gold badges. The Prefects' caps 1908. --->carried a gold " halo " in addition to crown, a fashion revived for a 1908. --->brief period about 1940. 1910. New Buildings opened (1st July). 1910. Park Road Field opened.
1911. Pavilion opened. This is the Old (green) Pavilion; it occupied the site
1911. --->of the present New Pavilion. 1912. Boy Scout Troop formed. 1913. First Carol Service. 1916. Resignation of P. S. Jeffrey ; appointment of H. J. Cape. 1923. Swimming Bath built as War Memorial. 1928. Upper " Cloister " row of classrooms opened. 1930. New Pavilion opened. 1930. O.C. Loving Cup presented by C. V. Batte-Lay, O.C. (1877-1883). 1933. Scheme amended. Annual three-form entry by open examination ; end 1933. --->of system of (gowned) Foundation Scholars. 1937. Laboratories enlarged by addition of a second storey. 1937. Cricket School in memory of C. V. Batte·Lay, O.C., presented by his 1937. --->widow. 1937. Resignation of H. J. Cape ; appointment of A. W. Fletcher. 1939. (Oct.) Re-opening delayed during building of underground shelters. 1940. School becomes entirely a Day—School. 1940. (Dec.) " Incendiary " Raid ; direct hits on Gurney Benham House and a 1940. --->hut. 1946. Scheme amended under Education Act of 1944. 1947. Proposal to re-open a Boarders' Department.
# Ben King's Verse/The Old Spinning Wheel

Do you remember the old spinning wheel That stood in the attic so many years ago, 'Twas covered o'er with dust, and our mother used  to say 'Twas an old family relic of our grandmother's  day.  How the spinning wheel would creak  As if it tried to speak, Recalling tender memories of yore;  How, back in other years,  Her eyes would fill with tears As she heard the hum upon the attic floor.  Creak, creak, how it would creak,  When up to the attic we'd steal,  But mother would say:  "Boys, come away From grandmother's old spinning wheel."
Do you remember the cobwebs that clung To the old oaken beams in the house we were born, And there from the rafters how memory brings Back the sage and catnip and the dired apple strings.  But ah! no other joys  Compared, when we were boys, When we played upon the dear old attic floor.  To slowly turn the wheel--  And the spindle and the reel Would sing the dear old song it sand of yore  Creak, creak, how it would creak,  When up to the attic we'd steal.  But mother would say:  "Boys, come away From grandmother's old spinning wheel."
# Ben King's Verse/The Owl and the Crow

There was an old owl,  With eyes big and bright, Who sung in a treetop  One calm summer night. And the song that he sung  I will now sing to you--  "To whit! To whoo, hoo!  To whit! To whoo, hoo!"
He sand there all night  Till early next morn, When a crow came along  That was looking for corn. The crow heard him singing,  "To whit! To whoo, hoo!" And offered to sing
 A few notes that he knew.
Just then the old owl  In the treetop so high, With his classical shape  And his big staring eye, Rquested the crow,  In the deepest of scorn, To sing his old chestnut  About stealing corn.
"Caw! Caw!" said the crow,  "Well--my deeds are by light. I don't steal young chickens  And sit up all night, With dew on my feathers;  When I break the laws In looking through cornfields  It's not without caws"
# Ben King's Verse/The Nile

Not a single cloud bedims the sky,  Not a shadow falls below, But crocodiles creep, enfeebled by heat,  Through the lotus flowers that grow On the banks of the Nile, the placid Nile,  The Nile of ages ago.
So sluggish and wan it wanders on  Where the citron and doum palms grow, Where Sphinxes stare, through the lurid air,  At the sun in its molten glow; That's called the Nile, the tranquil Nile,  Of ages and ages ago.
On the purple sheen of its mirror heart  Her galleys bend and row, And Egypt's queen can still be seen,  Of olden lands the foe. Ah! this was the Nile, the ancient Nile,  The Nile of the long ago.
By ashen banks of the ancient stream  The acacia tree bends low, The ibis stands in this tomb of lands,  As if in a pallor of woe, On the banks of the Nile, the sacred Nile,  The Nile of ages ago.
# Ben King's Verse/The Pessimist

Sometimes published under the title: The Sum of Life
Nothing to do but work,  Nothing to eat but food, Nothing to wear but clothes  To keep one from going nude.
Nothing to breathe but air  Quick as a flash 't is gone; Nowhere to fall but off,  Nowhere to stand but on.
Nothing to comb but hair,  Nowhere to sleep but in bed, Nothing to weep but tears,  Nothing to bury but dead.
Nothing to sing but songs,  Ah, well, alas! alack! Nowhere to go but out,  Nowhere to come but back.
Nothing to see but sights,  Nothing to quench but thirst, Nothing to have but what we've got;  Thus thro' life we are cursed.
Nothing to strike but a gait;  Everything moves that goes. Nothing at all but common sense  Can ever withstand these woes.
# Ben King's Verse/The Tramp

He came from where he started  And was going where he went. He hadn't had a smell of food,  Not even had a scent. He never even muttered once  Till he began to talk, And when he left the kitchen door  He took the garden walk.
He said: "There's no one with me,  Because I am alone; I might have scintillated once;  My clothes have always shone. I got here 'fore the other ones  Because I started first: The reason I look shabby is  Because I'm dressed the worst."
Then I asked him where he came from--  This was just before we parted, And he muttered indistinctly,  "Oh, I come from where I started!"
# Ben King's Verse/The Woodticks

There's things out in the forest
 That's worser an' 'n owl, 'At gets on naughty boys 'n girls  'At allers wears a scowl.
There's things out in the forest '  At's worser 'n a lion,
'At gets on wicked boys 'n girls
 'At's quarrelin' an' a-cryin'.
There's things out in the forest, mind,
 An' if you don't take care,
The woodticks—-the woodticks—-
 Will be crawlin' thro' yer hair.
An' they say as boys is naughty,
 An' their hearts is full o' sin, They'll crawl out in the night time
 An' get underneath yer skin,
An' the doctor'll have to take a knife  An' cut 'em off jes' so, An' if a bit of 'em is left  Another one'll grow. An' mebbe you won't feel 'em, too,  Er even know they're there, But by and by they'll multiply  And crawl up in yer hair.
The devil's darnin' needle too,  'Ill come and sew yer ear. An' make a nest inside like that,  An' then you'll never hear; An' the jigger bugs gets on you,  An the thousand-legged worm 'Ill make you writhe, an' twist, and' groan,  An' cry, an' yell, an' squirm; But the worst things 'at'll git you  If you lie, or steal, or swear, Is the woodticks—-the woodticks—-  A-crawlin' thro' yer hair.