# The History of England from the Accession of James II

The History of England from the Accession of James the Second is the full title of the multi-volume work by Lord Macaulay more generally known as "The History of England".
The history is famous for its brilliant ringing prose and for its confident, sometimes dogmatic, emphasis on a progressive model of British history, according to which the country threw off superstition, autocracy and confusion to create a balanced constitution and a forward-looking culture combined with freedom of belief and expression. This model of human progress has been called the Whig interpretation of history.
THE
HISTORY OF ENGLAND
FROM THE
ACCESSION OF JAMES II.
BY
THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY.
VOL. I.
PHILADELPHIA
PORTER & COATES
"Volume I."
CONTENTS
CHAPTER I. :
| | PAGE. |
| Introduction | 13 |
| Britain under the Romans | 15 |
| Britain under the Saxons | 16 |
| Conversion of the Saxons to Christianity | 17 |
| Danish Invasions; The Normans | 20 |
| The Norman Conquest | 23 |
| Separation of England and Normandy | 25 |
| Amalgamation of Races | 26 |
| English Conquests on the Continent | 28 |
| Wars of the Roses | 30 |
| Extinction of Villenage | 31 |
| Beneficial Operation of the Roman Catholic Religion | 32 |
| The early English Polity often misrepresented, and why? | 34 |
| Nature of the Limited Monarchies of the Middle Ages | 36 |
| Prerogatives of the early English Kings | 37 |
| Limitations of the Prerogative | 38 |
| Resistance an ordinary Check on Tyranny in the Middle Ages | 42 |
| Peculiar Character of the English Aristocracy | 45 |
| Government of the Tudors | 46 |
| Limited Monarchies of the Middle Ages generally turned into Absolute Monarchies | 49 |
| The English Monarchy a singular Exception | 50 |
| The Reformation and its Effects | 51 |
| Origin of the Church of England | 55 |
| Her peculiar Character | 57 |
| Relation in which she stood to the Crown | 59 |
| The Puritans | 63 |
| Their Republican Spirit | 65 |
| No systematic parliamentary Opposition offered to the Government of Elizabeth | 66 ​ |
| Question of the Monopolies | 67 |
| Scotland and Ireland become Parts of the same Empire with England | 68 |
| Diminution of the Importance of England after the Accession of James I. | 72 |
| Doctrine of Divine Right | 73 |
| The Separation between the Church and the Puritans becomes wider | 77 |
| Accession and Character of Charles I. | 85 |
| Tactics of the Opposition in the House of Commons | 86 |
| Petition of Right | 87 |
| Petition of Right violated; Character and Designs of Wentworth | 88 |
| Character of Laud | 89 |
| Star Chamber and High Commission | 90 |
| Ship-Money | 91 |
| Resistance to the Liturgy in Scotland | 94 |
| A Parliament called and dissolved | 95 |
| The Long Parliament | 97 |
| First Appearance of the Two great English Parties | 98 |
| The Remonstrance | 105 |
| Impeachment of the Five Members | 107 |
| Departure of Charles from London | 108 |
| Commencement of the Civil War | 111 |
| Successes of the Royalists | 112 |
| Rise of the Independents | 114 |
| Oliver Cromwell | 115 |
| Selfdenying Ordinance; Victory of the Parliament | 116 |
| Domination and Character of the Army | 117 |
| Rising against the Military Government suppressed | 120 |
| Proceedings against the King | 121 |
| His Execution | 124 |
| Subjugation of Ireland and Scotland | 126 |
| Expulsion of the Long Parliament | 127 |
| The Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell | 130 |
| Oliver succeeded by Richard | 135 |
| Fall of Richard and Revival of the Long Parliament | 137 |
| Second Expulsion of the Long Parliament | 138 |
| The Army of Scotland marches into England | 139 |
| Monk declares for a Free Parliament | 141 ​ |
| General Election of 1660 | 142 |
| The Restoration | 143 |
| CHAPTER II. ||
| Conduct of those who restored the House of Stuart unjustly censured | 145 |
| Abolition of Tenures by Knight Service; Disbandment of the Army | 147 |
| Disputes between the Roundheads and Cavaliers renewed | 148 |
| Religious Dissension | 150 |
| Unpopularity of the Puritans | 153 |
| Character of Charles II. | 159 |
| Character of the Duke of York and Earl of Clarendon | 162 |
| General Election of 1661 | 165 |
| Violence of the Cavaliers in the new Parliament | 166 |
| Persecution of the Puritans | 167 |
| Zeal of the Church for Hereditary Monarchy | 168 |
| Change in the Morals of the Community | 169 |
| Profligacy of Politicians | 171 |
| State of Scotland | 173 |
| State of Ireland | 176 |
| The Government become unpopular in England | 177 |
| War with the Dutch | 180 |
| Opposition in the House of Commons | 181 |
| Fall of Clarendon | 182 |
| State of European Politics, and Ascendency of France | 185 |
| Character of Lewis XIV. | 187 |
| The Triple Alliance | 189 |
| The Country Party | 190 |
| Connection between Charles II. and France | 191 |
| Views of Lewis with respect to England | 194 |
| Treaty of Dover | 196 |
| Nature of the English Cabinet | 197 |
| The Cabal | 198 |
| Shutting of the Exchequer | 201 |
| War with the United Provinces, and their extreme Danger | 202 |
| William, Prince of Orange | 203 |
| Meeting of the Parliament; Declaration of Indulgence | 205 |
| It is cancelled, and the Test Act passed | 207 |
| The Cabal dissolved | 208 ​ |
| Peace with the United Provinces; Administration of Danby | 209 |
| Embarrassing Situation of the Country Party | 211 |
| Dealings of that Party with the French Embassy | 213 |
| Peace of Nimeguen | 213 |
| Violent Discontents in England | 214 |
| Fall of Danby; the Popish Plot | 216 |
| Violence of the new House of Commons | 221 |
| Temple's Plan of Government | 223 |
| Character of Halifax | 225 |
| Character of Sunderland | 228 |
| Prorogation of the Parliament; Habeas Corpus Act; Second General Election of 1679 | 230 |
| Popularity of Monmouth | 231 |
| Lawrence Hyde | 235 |
| Sidney Godolphin | 236 |
| Violence of Factions on the Subject of the Exclusion Bill | 237 |
| Names of Whig and Tory | 238 |
| Meeting of Parliament; The Exclusion Bill passes the Commons; Exclusion Bill rejected by the Lords | 239 |
| Execution of Stafford; General Election of 1681 | 240 |
| Parliament held at Oxford, and dissolved | 241 |
| Tory Reaction | 242 |
| Persecution of the Whigs | 244 |
| Charter of the City confiscated; Whig Conspiracies | 245 |
| Detection of the Whig Conspiracies | 247 |
| Severity of the Government; Seizure of Charters | 248 |
| Influence of the Duke of York | 250 |
| He is opposed by Halifax | 251 |
| Lord Guildford | 252 |
| Policy of Lewis | 254 |
| State of Factions in the Court of Charles at the time of his Death | 256 |
| CHAPTER III. ||
| Great Change in the State of England since 1685 | 257 |
| Population of England in 1655 | 259 |
| Increase of Population greater in the North than in the South | 261 |
| Revenue in 1685 | 264 |
| Military System | 266 |
| The Navy | 273 ​ |
| The Ordnance | 280 |
| Noneffective Charge; Charge of Civil Government | 281 |
| Great Gains of Ministers and Courtiers | 282 |
| State of Agriculture | 285 |
| Mineral Wealth of the Country | 289 |
| Increase of Rent | 291 |
| The Country Gentlemen | 292 |
| The Clergy | 296 |
| The Yeomanry; Growth of the Towns; Bristol | 306 |
| Norwich | 308 |
| Other Country Towns | 309 |
| Manchester; Leeds; Sheffield | 311 |
| Birmingham | 313 |
| Liverpool | 314 |
| Watering-places; Cheltenham; Brighton; Buxton; Tunbridge Wells | 315 |
| Bath | 316 |
| London | 318 |
| The City | 320 |
| Fashionable Part of the Capital | 324 |
| Police of London | 329 |
| Lighting of London | 330 |
| Whitefriars; The Court | 331 |
| The Coffee Houses | 334 |
| Difficulty of Travelling | 338 |
| Badness of the Roads | 339 |
| Stage Coaches | 343 |
| Highwaymen | 346 |
| Inns | 349 |
| Post Office | 350 |
| Newspapers | 352 |
| News-letters | 354 |
| The Observator | 356 |
| Scarcity of Books in Country Places; Female Education | 357 |
| Literary Attainments of Gentlemen | 359 |
| Influence of French Literature | 360 |
| Immorality of the Polite Literature of England | 361 |
| State of Science in England | 368 |
| State of the Fine Arts | 373 |
| State of the Common People; Agricultural Wages | 376 ​ |
| Wages of Manufacturers | 378 |
| Labour of Children in Factories | 379 |
| Wages of different Classes of Artisans | 380 |
| Number of Paupers | 381 |
| Benefits derived by the Common People from the Progress of Civilisation | 382 |
| Delusion which leads Men to overrate the Happiness of preceding Generations | 385 |
| CHAPTER IV. ||
| Death of Charles II. | 387 |
| Suspicions of Poison | 398 |
| Speech of James II. to the Privy Council | 400 |
| James proclaimed | 401 |
| State of the Administration | 402 |
| New Arrangements | 404 |
| Sir George Jeffreys | 406 |
| The Revenue collected without an Act of Parliament | 410 |
| A Parliament called | 411 |
| Transactions between James and the French King | 412 |
| Churchill sent Ambassador to France; His History | 415 |
| Feelings of the Continental Governments towards England | 418 |
| Policy of the Court of Rome | 420 |
| Struggle in the Mind of James; Fluctuations in his Policy | 423 |
| Public Celebration of the Roman Catholic Rites in the Palace | 425 |
| His Coronation | 427 |
| Enthusiasm of the Tories; Addresses | 430 |
| The Elections | 431 |
| Proceedings against Oates | 435 |
| Proceedings against Dangerfield | 440 |
| Proceedings against Baxter | 442 |
| Meeting of the Parliament of Scotland | 446 |
| Feeling of James towards the Puritans | 447 |
| Cruel Treatment of the Scotch Covenanters | 449 |
| Feeling of James towards the Quakers | 453 |
| William Penn | 455 |
| Peculiar Favour shown to Roman Catholics and Quakers | 458 |
| Meeting of the English Parliament; Trevor chosen Speaker; Character of Seymour | 461 |
| The King's Speech to the Parliament | 463 ​ |
| Debate in the Commons; Speech of Seymour | 464 |
| The Revenue voted; Proceedings of the Commons concerning Religion | 465 |
| Additional Taxes voted; Sir Dudley North | 467 |
| Proceedings of the Lords | 469 |
| Bill for reversing the Attainder of Stafford | 470 |
| CHAPTER V. ||
| Whig Refugees on the Continent | 472 |
| Their Correspondents in England | 473 |
| Characters of the leading Refugees; Ayloffe; Wade | 474 |
| Goodenough; Rumbold | 475 |
| Lord Grey | 476 |
| Monmouth | 477 |
| Ferguson | 478 |
| Scotch Refugees; Earl of Argyle | 483 |
| Sir Patrick Hume; Sir John Cochrane; Fletcher of Saltoun | 486 |
| Unreasonable Conduct of the Scotch Refugees | 487 |
| Arrangement for an Attempt on England and Scotland | 488 |
| John Locke | 490 |
| Preparations made by Government for the Defence of Scotland | 491 |
| Conversation of James with the Dutch Ambassadors; Ineffectual Attempts to prevent Argyle from sailing | 492 |
| Departure of Argyle from Holland; He lands in Scotland | 495 |
| His Disputes with his Followers | 496 |
| Temper of the Scotch Nation | 498 |
| Argyle's Forces dispersed | 501 |
| Argyle a Prisoner | 502 |
| His Execution | 507 |
| Execution of Rumbold | 508 |
| Death of Ayloffe | 510 |
| Devastation of Argyleshire | 511 |
| Ineffectual Attempts to prevent Monmouth from leaving Holland | 512 |
| His Arrival at Lyme | 514 |
| His Declaration | 515 |
| His Popularity in the West of England | 516 |
| Encounter of the Rebels with the Militia at Bridport | 518 ​ |
| Encounter of the Rebels with the Militia at Axminster; News of the Rebellion carried to London; Loyalty of the Parliament | 520 |
| Reception of Monmouth at Taunton | 524 |
| He takes the Title of King | 527 |
| His Reception at Bridgewater | 531 |
| Preparations of the Government to oppose him | 532 |
| His Design on Bristol | 535 |
| He relinquishes that Design | 536 |
| Skirmish at Philip's Norton; Despondence of Monmouth | 538 |
| He returns to Bridgewater; The Royal Army encamps at Sedgemoor | 540 |
| Battle of Sedgemoor | 544 |
| Pursuit of the Rebels | 550 |
| Military Executions; Flight of Monmouth | 551 |
| His Capture | 553 |
| His Letter to the King; He is carried to London | 555 |
| His Interview with the King | 556 |
| His Execution | 560 |
| His Memory cherished by the Common People | 563 |
| Cruelties of the Soldiers in the West; Kirke | 566 |
| Jeffreys sets out on the Western Circuit | 571 |
| Trial of Alice Lisle | 572 |
| The Bloody Assizes | 576 |
| Abraham Holmes | 579 |
| Christopher Battiscombe; The Hewlings | 580 |
| Punishment of Tutchin | 581 |
| Rebels Transported | 582 |
| Confiscation and Extortion | 583 |
| Rapacity of the Queen and her Ladies | 585 |
| Grey; Cochrane; Storey | 591 |
| Wade, Goodenough, and Ferguson | 591 |
| Jeffreys made Lord Chancellor | 593 |
| Trial and Execution of Cornish | 594 |
| Trials and Executions of Fernley and Elizabeth Gaunt | 596 |
| Trial and Execution of Bateman | 598 |
| Persecution of the Protestant Dissenters | 599 |
"Volume II."
| CHAPTER VI. |
| | PAGE. |
| The Power of James at the height | 13 |
| His Foreign Policy | 14 |
| His Plans of Domestic Government; The Habeas Corpus Act; The Standing Army | 15 |
| Designs in favour of the Roman Catholic Religion | 17 |
| Violation of the Test Act; Disgrace of Halifax | 22 |
| General Discontent | 23 |
| Persecution of the French Huguenots | 24 |
| Effect of that Persecution in England | 27 |
| Meeting of Parliament; Speech of the King | 27 |
| An Opposition formed in the House of Commons | 28 |
| Sentiments of Foreign Governments | 30 |
| Committee of the Commons on the King's Speech | 31 |
| Defeat of the Government | 35 |
| Second Defeat of the Government; The King reprimands the Commons; Coke committed by the Commons for Disrespect to the King | 37 |
| Opposition to the Government in the Lords; The Earl of Devonshire | 39 |
| The Bishop of London; Viscount Mordaunt | 40 |
| Prorogation; Trials of Lord Gerard and of Hampden | 43 |
| Trial of Delamere | 45 |
| Effect of his Acquittal | 47 |
| Parties in the Court; Feeling of the Protestant Tories | 48 |
| Publication of Papers found in the Strong Box of Charles II. | 50 |
| Feeling of the respectable Roman Catholics | 51 |
| Cabal of violent Roman Catholics; Castelmaine; Jermyn; White; Tyrconnel | 53 |
| Feeling of the Ministers of Foreign Governments | 56 ​ |
| The Pope and the Order of Jesus opposed to each other; The Order of Jesus | 58 |
| Father Petre; The King's Temper and Opinions | 65 |
| The King encouraged in bis errors by Sunderland | 67 |
| Perfidy of Jeffreys; Godolphin; The Queen | 70 |
| Amours of the King; Catherine Sedley | 71 |
| Intrigues of Rochester in favour of Catherine Sedley | 73 |
| Decline of Rochester's Influence | 76 |
| Castelmaine sent to Rome; The Huguenots ill-treated by James | 79 |
| The Dispensing Power | 82 |
| Dismission of refractory Judges | 83 |
| Case of Sir Edward Hales | 85 |
| Roman Catholics authorised to hold Ecclesiastical Benefices; Sclater | 86 |
| Walker | 87 |
| The Deanery of Christchurch given to a Roman Catholic; Disposal of Bishoprics | 88 |
| Resolution of James to use his Ecclesiastical Supremacy against the Church | 89 |
| His Difficulties | 90 |
| He creates a new Court of High Commission | 93 |
| Proceedings against the Bishop of London | 96 |
| Discontent excited by the Public Display of Roman Catholic Rites and Vestments | 97 |
| Riots | 99 |
| A Camp formed at Hounslow | 101 |
| Samuel Johnson | 102 |
| Hugh Speke | 103 |
| Proceedings against Johnson | 104 |
| Zeal of the Anglican Church against Popery | 106 |
| The Roman Catholic Divines overmatched | 107 |
| State of Scotland | 109 |
| Queensberry; Perth and Melfort | 110 |
| Favour shown to the Roman Catholic Religion in Scotland; Riots at Edinburgh | 112 |
| Anger of the King | 113 |
| His Plans concerning Scotland; Deputation of Scotch Privy Councillors sent to London | 114 |
| Their Negotiations with the King | 115 ​ |
| Meeting of the Scotch Estates; They prove refractory | 116 |
| They are adjourned; Arbitrary System of Government in Scotland | 120 |
| Ireland; State of the Law on the subject of Religion | 122 |
| Hostility of Races | 123 |
| Aboriginal Peasantry; Aboriginal Aristocracy | 124 |
| State of the English Colony | 126 |
| Course which James ought to have followed | 128 |
| His Errors | 130 |
| Clarendon arrives in Ireland as Lord Lieutenant | 132 |
| His Mortifications; Panic among the Colonists | 133 |
| Arrival of Tyrconnel at Dublin as General | 136 |
| His Partiality and Violence | 137 |
| He is bent on the Repeal of the Act of Settlement; He returns to England | 138 |
| The King displeased with Clarendon | 139 |
| Rochester attacked by the Jesuitical Cabal | 140 |
| Attempts of James to convert Rochester . | 142 |
| Dismission of Rochester | 146 |
| Dismission of Clarendon; Tyrconnel Lord Deputy | 148 |
| Dismay of the English Colonists in Ireland | 150 |
| Effect of the Fall of the Hydes | 151 |
| CHAPTER VII. |
| William, Prince of Orange; His Appearance | 152 |
| His early Life and Education | 153 |
| His theological Opinions | 154 |
| His military Qualifications | 156 |
| His Love of Danger: his bad Health | 158 |
| Coldness of his Manners and Strength of his Emotions; His Friendship for Bentinck | 158 |
| Mary, Princess of Orange | 162 |
| Gilbert Burnet | 163 |
| He brings about a good Understanding between the Prince and Princess | 167 |
| Relations between William and English Parties | 169 |
| His Feelings towards England; His Feelings towards Holland and France | 169 |
| His Policy consistent throughout | 174 ​ |
| Treaty of Augsburg | 177 |
| William becomes the Head of the English Opposition | 178 |
| Mordaunt proposes to William a Descent on England | 179 |
| William rejects the Advice | 180 |
| Discontent in England after the Fall of the Hydes; Conversions to Popery; Peterborough; Salisbury | 181 |
| Wycherley; Tindal; Haines | 182 |
| Dryden | 183 |
| The Hind and Panther | 186 |
| Change in the Policy of the Court towards the Puritans | 187 |
| Partial Toleration granted in Scotland | 192 |
| Closeting; It is unsuccessful | 193 |
| Admiral Herbert | 194 |
| Declaration of Indulgence | 195 |
| Feeling of the Protestant Dissenters | 197 |
| Feelings of die Church of England | 198 |
| The Court and the Church | 199 |
| Letter to a Dissenter; Conduct of the Dissenters | 202 |
| Some of the Dissenters side with the Court; Care; Alsop; Rosewell; Lobb | 205 |
| Penn; The Majority of the Puritans are against the Court; Baxter | 206 |
| Howe; Bunyan | 207 |
| Kiffin | 210 |
| The Prince and Princess of Orange hostile to the Declaration of Indulgence | 215 |
| Their Views respecting the English Roman Catholics vindicated | 217 |
| Enmity of James to Burnet | 223 |
| Mission of Dykvelt to England; Negotiations of Dykvelt with English Statesmen | 225 |
| Dauby; Nottingham | 226 |
| Halifax; Devonshire | 228 |
| Edward Russell; Compton; Herbert | 232 |
| Churchill | 233 |
| Lady Churchill and the Princess Anne | 234 |
| Dykvelt returns to the Hague; with Letters from many eminent Englishmen | 237 |
| Zulestein's Mission | 238 |
| Growing Enmity between James and William | 239 ​ |
| Influence of the Dutch Press; Correspondence of Stewart and Fagel | 241 |
| Castelmaine's Embassy to Rome | 242 |
| CHAPTER VIII. |
| Consecration of the Nuncio at St. James's Palace; His public Reception; The Duke of Somerset | 247 |
| Dissolution of the Parliament; Military Offences illegally punished | 249 |
| Proceedings of the High Commission; The Universities | 252 |
| Proceedings against the University of Cambridge | 254 |
| The Earl of Mulgrave | 255 |
| State of Oxford | 258 |
| Magdalene College, Oxford | 260 |
| Anthony Farmer recommended by the King for President | 263 |
| Election of the President | 264 |
| The Fellows of Magdalene cited before the High Commission | 265 |
| Parker recommended as President; The Charterhouse | 266 |
| The Royal Progress | 267 |
| The King at Oxford; He reprimands the Fellows of Magdalene | 270 |
| Penn attempts to mediate | 271 |
| Special Ecclesiastical Commissioners sent to Oxford | 274 |
| Protest of Hough; Parker | 275 |
| Ejection of the Fellows | 277 |
| Magdalene College turned into a Popish Seminary | 278 |
| Resentment of the Clergy | 279 |
| Schemes of the Jesuitical Cabal respecting the Succession | 280 |
| Scheme of James and Tyrconnel for preventing the Princess of Orange from succeeding to the Kingdom of Ireland | 282 |
| The Queen pregnant; General Incredulity | 283 |
| Feeling of the Constituent Bodies, and of the Peers | 286 |
| James determines to pack a Parliament | 288 |
| The Board of Regulators | 289 |
| Many Lords Lieutenants dismissed; The Earl of Oxford | 290 |
| The Earl of Shrewsbury | 291 |
| The Earl of Dorset | 293 |
| Questions put to the Magistrates; Their Answers; Failure of the King's Plans | 297 ​ |
| List of Sheriffs; Character of the Roman Catholic Country Gentlemen | 301 |
| Feeling of the Dissenters | 304 |
| Regulation of Corporations | 305 |
| Inquisition in all the Public Departments | 308 |
| Dismission of Sawyer | 310 |
| Williams Solicitor General | 311 |
| Second Declaration of Indulgence; The Clergy ordered to read it | 312 |
| They hesitate; Patriotism of the Protestant Nonconformists of London | 314 |
| Consultation of the London Clergy | 315 |
| Consultation at Lambeth Palace | 317 |
| Petition of the Seven Bishops presented to the King | 318 |
| The London Clergy disobey the Royal Order | 321 |
| Hesitation of the Government | 322 |
| It is determined to prosecute the Bishops for a Libel | 324 |
| They are examined by the Privy Council | 325 |
| They are committed to the Tower | 326 |
| Birth of the Pretender; He is generally believed to be supposititious | 328 |
| The Bishops brought before the King's Bench and bailed | 332 |
| Agitation of the Public Mind | 335 |
| Uneasiness of Sunderland | 336 |
| He professes himself a Roman Catholic | 337 |
| Trial of the Bishops | 338 |
| The Verdict; Joy of the People | 348 |
| Peculiar State of Public Feeling at this time | 353 |
| CHAPTER IX. |
| Change in the Opinion of the Tories concerning the Lawfulness of Resistance | 357 |
| Russell proposes to the Prince of Orange a descent on England; Henry Sidney | 365 |
| Devonshire | 366 |
| Shrewsbury; Halifax; Danby | 367 |
| Bishop Compton | 368 |
| Nottingham; Lumley | 369 |
| Invitation to William despatched | 370 |
| Conduct of Mary | 371 ​ |
| Difficulties of William's Enterprise | 372 |
| Conduct of James after the Trial of the Bishops | 376 |
| Dismissions and Promotions | 378 |
| Proceedings of the High Commission. Sprat resigns his Seat | 379 |
| Discontent of the Clergy; Transactions at Oxford | 380 |
| Discontent of the Gentry; Discontent of the Army | 382 |
| Irish Troops brought over; Public Indignation | 384 |
| Lillibullero | 389 |
| Politics of the United Provinces; Errors of the French King | 390 |
| His Quarrel with the Pope concerning Franchises | 393 |
| The Archbishopric of Cologne | 394 |
| Skilful Management of William | 395 |
| His Military and Naval Preparations | 396 |
| He receives numerous Assurances of Support from England | 398 |
| Sunderland | 399 |
| Anxiety of William; Warnings conveyed to James | 403 |
| Exertions of Lewis to save James | 405 |
| James frustrates them | 406 |
| The French Armies invade Germany | 408 |
| William obtains the Sanction of the States General to his Expedition | 410 |
| Schomberg; British Adventurers at the Hague | 411 |
| William's Declaration | 413 |
| James roused to a Sense of his Danger | 415 |
| His Naval Means | 416 |
| His Military Means: He attempts to conciliate his subjects | 417 |
| He gives Audience to the Bishops | 419 |
| His Concessions ill received | 420 |
| Proofs of the Birth of the Prince of Wales submitted to the Privy Council | 423 |
| Disgrace of Sunderland | 425 |
| William takes leave of the States of Holland | 426 |
| He embarks and sails; He is driven back by a Storm | 427 |
| His Declaration arrives in England; James questions the Lords | 428 |
| William sets sail a second time | 430 |
| He passes the Straits | 432 |
| He lands at Torbay | 433 |
| He enters Exeter | 437 |
| Conversation of the King with the Bishops | 442 ​ |
| Disturbances in London | 415 |
| Men of Rank begin to repair to the Prince; Lovelace | 416 |
| Colchester; Abingdon | 448 |
| Desertion of Cornbury | 419 |
| Petition of the Lords for a Parliament | 453 |
| The King goes to Salisbury | 455 |
| Seymour; Court of William at Exeter | 456 |
| Northern Insurrection | 457 |
| Skirmish at Wincanton | 460 |
| Desertion of Churchill and Grafton | 462 |
| Retreat of the Royal Army from Salisbury | 463 |
| Desertion of Prince George and Ormond | 464 |
| Flight of the Princess Anne | 465 |
| Council of Lords held by James | 467 |
| He appoints Commissioners to treat with William | 471 |
| The Negotiation a Feint | 472 |
| Dartmouth refuses to send the Prince of Wales into France | 474 |
| Agitation of London | 475 |
| Forged Proclamation | 476 |
| Risings in various Parts of the Country | 477 |
| Clarendon joins the Prince at Salisbury; Dissension in the Prince's Camp | 479 |
| The Prince reaches Hungerford; Skirmish at Reading | 482 |
| The King's Commissioners arrive at Hungerford; Negotiation | 483 |
| The Queen and the Prince of Wales sent to France; Lauzun | 489 |
| The King's Preparations for Flight | 492 |
| His Flight | 493 |
| CHAPTER X. |
| The Flight of James known; Great Agitation | 495 |
| The Lords meet at Guildhall | 496 |
| Riots in London | 499 |
| The Spanish Ambassador's House sacked | 501 |
| Arrest of Jeffreys | 502 |
| The Irish Night | 504 |
| The King detained near Sheerness | 508 |
| The Lords order him to be set at liberty | 513 |
| William's Embarrassment | 514 |
| Arrest of Feversham; Arrival of James in London | 515 ​ |
| Consultation at Windsor | 517 |
| The Dutch Troops occupy Whitehall; Message from the Prince delivered to James | 521 |
| James sets out for Rochester; Arrival of William at St. James's | 522 |
| He is advised to assume the Crown by Right of Conquest | 521 |
| He calls together the Lords and the Members of the Parliaments of Charles II. | 526 |
| Flight of James from Rochester | 529 |
| Debates and Resolutions of the Lords | 530 |
| Debates and Resolutions of the Commoners summoned by the Prince; A Convention called; Exertions of the Prince to restore Order | 532 |
| His tolerant Policy | 533 |
| Satisfaction of Roman Catholic Powers; State of Feeling in France | 535 |
| Reception of the Queen of England in France | 537 |
| Arrival of James at Saint Germains | 538 |
| State of Feeling in the United Provinces | 540 |
| Election of Members to serve in the Convention | 541 |
| Affairs of Scotland | 542 |
| State of Parties in England | 545 |
| Sherlock's Plan | 547 |
| Sancroft's Plan | 549 |
| Danby's Plan | 551 |
| The Whig Plan | 553 |
| Meeting of the Convention; Leading Members of the House of Commons | 554 |
| Choice of a Speaker | 550 |
| Debate on the State of the Nation | 558 |
| Resolution declaring the Throne vacant | 500 |
| It is sent up to the Lords; Debate in the Lords on the Plan of Regency | 562 |
| Schism between the Whigs and the Followers of Danby | 569 |
| Meeting at the Earl of Devonshire's | 571 |
| Debate in the Lords on the Question whether the Throne was vacant; Majority for the Negative; Agitation in London | 573 |
| Letter of James to the Convention | 574 |
| Debates; Negotiations; Letter of the Princess of Orange to Danby; The Princess Anne acquiesces in the Whig Plan | 575 ​ |
| William explains his Views | 577 |
| The Conference between the Houses | 579 |
| The Lords yield; New Laws proposed for the Security of Liberty | 581 |
| Disputes and Compromise | 583 |
| The Declaration of Right | 584 |
| Arrival of Mary | 586 |
| Tender and Acceptance of the Crown | 587 |
| William and Mary proclaimed; Peculiar Character of the English Revolution | 588 |
"Volume III."
| CHAPTER XI. |
| | PAGE. |
| William and Mary proclaimed in London | 13 |
| Rejoicings throughout England; Rejoicings in Holland | 14 |
| Discontent of the Clergy and of the Army | 15 |
| Reaction of Public Feeling | 17 |
| Temper of the Tories | 18 |
| Temper of the Whigs | 21 |
| Ministerial Arrangements | 23 |
| William his own Minister for Foreign Affairs | 24 |
| Danby | 25 |
| Halifax | 26 |
| Nottingham | 27 |
| Shrewsbury; The Board of Admiralty | 29 |
| The Board of Treasury; The Great Seal | 30 |
| The Judges | 31 |
| The Household | 32 |
| Subordinate Appointments | 34 |
| The Convention turned into a Parliament | 35 |
| The Members of the Two Houses required to take the Oaths | 39 |
| Questions relating to the Revenue | 41 |
| Abolition of the Hearth Money | 43 |
| Repayment of the Expenses of the United Provinces; Mutiny at Ipswich | 45 |
| The first Mutiny Bill | 49 |
| Suspension of the Habeas Corpus Act | 53 |
| Unpopularity of William | 54 |
| Popularity of Mary | 57 |
| The Court removed from Whitehall to Hampton Court | 60 ​ |
| The Court at Kensington | 62 |
| William's foreign Favourites | 63 |
| General Maladministration | 65 |
| Dissensions among Men in Office | 67 |
| Department of Foreign Affairs | 71 |
| Religious Disputes | 72 |
| The High Church Party | 74 |
| The Low Church Party | 75 |
| William's Views concerning Ecclesiastical Polity; Burnet, Bishop of Salisbury | 77 |
| Nottingham's Views concerning Ecclesiastical Polity | 81 |
| The Toleration Bill | 83 |
| The Comprehension Bill | 90 |
| The Bill for settling the Oaths of Allegiance and Supremacy | 99 |
| The Bill for settling the Coronation Oath | 113 |
| The Coronation | 115 |
| Promotions | 118 |
| The Coalition against France; The Devastation of the Palatinate | 119 |
| War declared against France | 123 |
| CHAPTER XII. |
| State of Ireland at the Time of the Revolution; The Civil Power in the hands of the Roman Catholics | 125 |
| The Military Power in the hands of the Roman Catholics | 128 |
| Mutual Enmity between the Englishry and the Irishry | 128 |
| Panic among the Englishry | 129 |
| History of the Town of Kenmare | 130 |
| Enniskillen | 134 |
| Londonderry | 135 |
| Closing of the Gates of Londonderry | 137 |
| Mountjoy sent to pacify Ulster | 140 |
| William opens a Negotiation with Tyrconnel | 142 |
| The Temples consulted | 143 |
| Richard Hamilton sent to Ireland on his Parole | 144 |
| Tyrconnel sends Mountjoy and Rice to France; Tyrconnel calls the Irish People to arms | 146 |
| Devastation of the Country | 147 |
| The Protestants in the South unable to resist | 152 ​ |
| Enniskillen and Londonderry hold out; Richard Hamilton marches into Ulster with an Army | 153 |
| James determines to go to Ireland | 155 |
| Assistance furnished by Lewis to James | 156 |
| Choice of a French Ambassador to accompany James; The Count of Avaux | 158 |
| James lands at Kinsale; James enters Cork | 160 |
| Journey of James from Cork to Dublin | 162 |
| Discontent in England | 165 |
| Factions at Dublin Castle | 166 |
| James determines to go to Ulster; Journey of James to Ulster | 172 |
| The Fall of Londonderry expected | 176 |
| Succours arrive from England; Treachery of Lundy; The Inhabitants of Londonderry resolve to defend themselves | 177 |
| Their Character | 179 |
| Londonderry besieged | 184 |
| The Siege turned into a Blockade | 185 |
| Naval Skirmish in Bantry Bay | 187 |
| A Parliament summoned by James sits at Dublin | 188 |
| A Toleration Act passed | 193 |
| Acts passed for the Confiscation of the Property of Protestants | 194 |
| Issue of Base Money | 198 |
| The Great Act of Attainder | 200 |
| James prorogues his Parliament | 203 |
| Persecution of the Protestants in Ireland | 204 |
| Effect produced in England by the News from Ireland | 206 |
| Actions of the Enniskilleners | 209 |
| Distress of Londonderry | 210 |
| Expedition under Kirke arrives in Lough Foyle; Cruelty of Rosen | 211 |
| The Famine in Londonderry extreme | 214 |
| Attack on the Boom | 217 |
| The Siege of Londonderry raised | 219 |
| Operations against the Enniskilleners | 222 |
| Battle of Newton Butler | 224 |
| Consternation of the Irish | 225 |
| CHAPTER XIII. |
| The Revolution more violent in Scotland than in England | 227 |
| Election for the Convention; Rabbling of the Episcopal Clergy | 229 ​ |
| State of Edinburgh | 232 |
| The Question of an Union between England and Scotland raised | 233 |
| Wish of the English Low Churchmen to preserve Episcopacy in Scotland | 237 |
| Opinions of William about Church Government in Scotland | 238 |
| Comparative Strength of Religious Parties in Scotland | 240 |
| Letter from William to the Scotch Convention; William's Instructions to his Agents in Scotland | 241 |
| The Dalrymples | 242 |
| Melville | 245 |
| James's Agents in Scotland: Dundee; Balcarras | 246 |
| Meeting of the Convention | 249 |
| Hamilton elected President | 250 |
| Committee of Elections; Edinburgh Castle summoned | 251 |
| Dundee threatened by the Covenanters | 252 |
| Letter from James to the Convention | 254 |
| Effect of James's Letter | 255 |
| Flight of Dundee | 256 |
| Tumultuous Sitting of the Convention | 257 |
| A Committee appointed to frame a Plan of Government | 259 |
| Resolutions proposed by the Committee | 261 |
| William and Mary proclaimed; The Claim of Right; Abolition of Episcopacy | 262 |
| Torture | 264 |
| William and Mary accept the Crown of Scotland | 266 |
| Discontent of the Covenanters | 267 |
| Ministerial Arrangements in Scotland; Hamilton; Crawford | 269 |
| The Dalrymples; Lockhart; Montgomery; Melville | 270 |
| Carstairs; The Club formed; Annandale; Ross | 271 |
| Hume; Fletcher of Saltoun | 272 |
| War breaks out in the Highlands; State of the Highlands | 274 |
| Peculiar Nature of Jacobitism in the Highlands | 285 |
| Jealousy of the Ascendency of the Campbells | 288 |
| The Stewarts and Macnaghtens; The Macleans | 290 |
| The Camerons; Lochiel | 291 |
| The Macdonalds | 294 |
| Feud between the Macdonalds and Mackintoshes; Inverness | 294 |
| Inverness threatened by Macdonald of Keppoch | 296 |
| Dundee appears in Keppoch's Camp | 297 ​ |
| Insurrection of the Clans hostile to the Campbells | 300 |
| Tarbet's Advice to the Government | 302 |
| Indecisive Campaign in the Highlands | 303 |
| Military Character of the Highlanders | 304 |
| Quarrels in the Highland Army | 309 |
| Dundee applies to James for assistance; The War in the Highlands suspended | 311 |
| Scruples of the Covenanters about taking Arms for King William | 312 |
| The Cameronian Regiment raised | 313 |
| Edinburgh Castle surrenders | 314 |
| Session of Parliament at Edinburgh; Ascendency of the Club | 315 |
| Troubles in Athol | 319 |
| The war breaks out again in the Highlands | 321 |
| Death of Dundee | 328 |
| Retreat of Mackay | 329 |
| Effect of the battle of Killiecraukie; The Scottish Parliament adjourned | 331 |
| The Highland Army reinforced | 334 |
| Skirmish at Saint Johnston's | 338 |
| Disorders in the Highland Army | 337 |
| Mackay's Advice disregarded by the Scotch Ministers; The Cameronians stationed at Dunkeld | 338 |
| The Highlanders attack the Cameronians and are repulsed | 339 |
| Dissolution of the Highland Army | 341 |
| Intrigues of the Club; State of the Lowlands | 342 |
| CHAPTER XIV. |
| Disputes in the English Parliament; The Attainder of Russell reversed | 343 |
| Other Attainders reversed; Case of Samuel Johnson | 346 |
| Case of Devonshire; Case of Gates | 347 |
| Bill of Rights | 355 |
| Disputes about a Bill of Indemnity | 358 |
| Last Days of Jeffreys | 360 |
| The Whigs dissatisfied with the King | 364 |
| Intemperance of Howe; Attack on Caermarthen | 366 |
| Attack on Halifax | 367 |
| Preparations for a Campaign in Ireland | 371 ​ |
| Schomberg | 372 |
| Recess of the Parliament; State of Ireland; Advice of Avaux | 374 |
| Dismission of Melfort; Schomberg lands in Ulster | 378 |
| Carrickf ergus taken; Schomberg advances into Leinster | 379 |
| The English and Irish Armies encamp near each other; Schomberg declines a Battle | 381 |
| Frauds of the English Commissariat | 382 |
| Conspiracy among the French Troops in the English Service | 383 |
| Pestilence in the English Army | 384 |
| The English and Irish Armies go into Winter Quarters | 387 |
| Various Opinions about Schomberg's Conduct | 388 |
| Maritime Affairs | 389 |
| Maladministration of Torrington | 390 |
| Continental Affairs | 391 |
| Skirmish at Walcourt; Imputations thrown on Marlborough | 393 |
| Pope Innocent XI. succeeded by Alexander VIII. | 395 |
| The High Church Clergy divided on the Subject of the Oaths | 396 |
| Arguments for taking the Oaths | 397 |
| Arguments against taking the Oaths | 400 |
| A great Majority of the Clergy take the Oaths | 405 |
| The Non jurors: Ken | 407 |
| Leslie; Sherlock | 409 |
| Hickes | 411 |
| Collier | 412 |
| Dodwell | 414 |
| Kettlewell; Fitzwilliam; General Character of the Nonjuring Clergy | 416 |
| The Plan of Comprehension; Tillotson | 420 |
| An Ecclesiastical Commission issued | 421 |
| Proceedings of the Commission | 423 |
| The Convocation of the Province of Canterbury summoned; Temper of the Clergy | 427 |
| The Clergy ill-affected towards the King | 428 |
| The Clergy exasperated against the Dissenters by the Proceedings of the Scotch Presbyterians | 431 |
| Constitution of the Convocation | 433 |
| Election of Members of Convocation | 434 |
| Ecclesiastical Preferments bestowed | 435 |
| Compton discontented | 437 |
| The Convocation meets | 438 ​ |
| The High Churchmen a Majority of the Lower House of Convocation | 439 |
| Difference between the Two Houses of Convocation | 441 |
| The Lower House of Convocation proves unmanageable | 442 |
| The Convocation prorogued | 443 |
| CHAPTER XV. |
| The Parliament meets; Retirement of Halifax | 445 |
| Supplies voted; the Bill of Rights passed | 446 |
| Enquiry into Naval Abuses | 448 |
| Enquiry into the Conduct of the Irish War | 449 |
| Reception of Walker in England | 451 |
| Edmund Ludlow | 453 |
| Violence of the Whigs | 456 |
| Impeachments | 457 |
| Committee of Murder | 458 |
| Malevolence of John Hampden | 459 |
| 1690. The Corporation Bill | 462 |
| Debates on the Indemnity Bill | 468 |
| Case of Sir Robert Sawyer | 469 |
| The King purposes to retire to Holland | 473 |
| He is induced to change his intention; the Whigs oppose his going to Ireland; He prorogues the Parliament | 474 |
| Joy of the Tories | 476 |
| Dissolution and General Election | 478 |
| Changes in the Executive Departments | 480 |
| Caermarthen then Chief Minister | 481 |
| Sir John Lowther | 483 |
| Rise and Progress of Parliamentary Corruption in England | 484 |
| Sir John Trevor | 489 |
| Godolphin retires | 490 |
| Changes at the Admiralty | 491 |
| Changes in the Commissions of Lieutenancy | 492 |
| Temper of the Whigs; Dealings of some Whigs with Saint Germains; Shrewsbury; Ferguson | 494 |
| Hopes of the Jacobites | 496 |
| Meeting of the New Parliament; Settlement of the Revenue | 497 |
| Provision for the Princess of Denmark | 500 |
| Bill declaring the Acts of the preceding Parliament valid | 507 ​ |
| Debate on the Changes in the Lieutenancy of London | 508 |
| Abjuration Bill | 509 |
| Act of Grace | 514 |
| The Parliament prorogued; Preparations for the First War | 517 |
| Administration of James at Dublin | 518 |
| An Auxiliary Force sent from France to Ireland | 520 |
| Plan of the English Jacobites: Clarendon, Ailesbury, Dartmouth | 523 |
| Penn | 524 |
| Preston | 525 |
| The Jacobites betrayed by Fuller | 526 |
| Crone arrested | 527 |
| Difficulties of William | 529 |
| Conduct of Shrewsbury | 530 |
| The Council of Nine | 533 |
| Conduct of Clarendon; Penn held to bail | 534 |
| Interview between William and Burnet; William sets out for Ireland | 535 |
| Trial of Crone | 536 |
| Danger of Invasion and Insurrection; Tourville's Fleet in the Channel | 538 |
| Arrests of suspected Persons | 539 |
| Torrington ordered to give Battle to Tourville | 540 |
| Battle of Beachy Head | 542 |
| Alarm in London; Battle of Fleurus; Spirit of the Nation | 543 |
| Conduct of Shrewsbury | 546 |
"Volume IV."
| CHAPTER XVI. |
| | PAGE. |
| William lands at Carrickfergus and proceeds to Belfast | 13 |
| State of Dublin; William's Military Arrangements | 15 |
| William marches southward | 17 |
| The Irish Army retreats | 18 |
| The Irish make a stand at the Boyne | 19 |
| The Army of James | 20 |
| The Army of William | 21 |
| Walker, now Bishop of Derry, accompanies the Army | 22 |
| William reconnoitres the Irish Position | 23 |
| William is wounded | 24 |
| Battle of the Boyne | 25 |
| Flight of James | 31 |
| Loss of the Two Armies | 32 |
| Fall of Drogheda; State of Dublin | 33 |
| James flies to France; Dublin evacuated by the French and Irish Troops | 35 |
| Entry of William into Dublin | 36 |
| Effect produced in France by the News from Ireland | 37 |
| Effect produced at Rome by the News from Ireland | 38 |
| Effect produced in London by the News from Ireland | 39 |
| James arrives in France ; His Reception there | 41 |
| Tourville attempts a Descent on England | 43 |
| Teignmouth destroyed | 45 |
| Excitement of the English Nation against the French | 47 |
| The Jacobite Press | 49 |
| The Jacobite Form of Prayer and Humiliation | 50 |
| Clamour against the Nonjuring Bishops | 51 ​ |
| Military Operations in Ireland; Waterford taken | 53 |
| The Irish Army collected at Limerick; Lauzun pronounces that the Place cannot be defended | 55 |
| The Irish insist on defending Limerick | 56 |
| Tyrconnel is against defending Limerick | 58 |
| Limerick defended by the Irish alone | 59 |
| Sarsfield surprises the English Artillery | 60 |
| Arrival of Baldearg O'Donnel at Limerick | 62 |
| The Besiegers suffer from the Rains; Unsuccessful Assault on Limerick; The Siege raised | 64 |
| Tyrconnel and Lauzun go to France; William returns to England | 66 |
| Reception of William in England | 67 |
| Expedition to the South of Ireland | 67 |
| Marlborough takes Cork; Marlborough takes Kinsale | 69 |
| Affairs of Scotland | 71 |
| Intrigues of Montgomery with the Jacobites | 72 |
| War in the Highlands | 73 |
| Fort William built; Meeting of the Scottish Parliament | 74 |
| Melville Lord High Commissioner; the Government obtains a Majority | 75 |
| Ecclesiastical Legislation | 77 |
| The Coalition between the Club and the Jacobites dissolved 83 | 83 |
| The Chiefs of the Club betray each othe | 84 |
| General Acquiescence in the new Ecclesiastical Polity; Complaints of the Episcopalian | 87 |
| The Presbyterian Nonjuror | 90 |
| William dissatisfied with the Ecclesiastical Arrangements in Scotlan | 93 |
| Meeting of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotlan | 94 |
| State of Affairs on the Continent; the Duke of Savoy joins the Coalitio | 95 |
| Supplies voted; Ways and Mean | 97 |
| Proceedings against Torrington | 100 |
| Torrington's Trial and Acquittal | 101 |
| Animosity of the Whigs against Caermarthen | 102 |
| A Jacobite Plot | 105 |
| Meeting of the Leading Conspirators | 106 |
| The Conspirators determine to send Preston to Saint Germains | 107 |
| Papers entrusted to Preston | 108 ​ |
| Information of the Plot given to Caernaarthen | 110 |
| Arrest of Preston and his Companions | 111 |
| CHAPTER XVII. |
| William's Voyage to Holland | 113 |
| William's Entrance into the Hague | 115 |
| Congress at the Hague | 117 |
| William his own Minister for Foreign Affairs | 119 |
| William obtains a Toleration for the Waldenses | 122 |
| Vices inherent in the nature of Coalitions | 123 |
| Siege and Fall of Mons | 124 |
| William returns to England; Trials of Preston and Ashton | 125 |
| Execution of Ashton; Preston's Irresolution and Confessions | 128 |
| Lenity shown to the Conspirators; Dartmouth | 130 |
| Turner | 132 |
| Penn; Death of George Fox: his Character | 132 |
| Interview between Penn and Sidney | 138 |
| Preston pardoned | 139 |
| Joy of the Jacobites at the Fall of Mons | 140 |
| The vacant Sees filled | 141 |
| Tillotson Archbishop of Canterbury | 142 |
| Conduct of Sancroft | 145 |
| Difference between Sancroft and Ken | 146 |
| Hatred of Sancroft to the Established Church. He provides for the Episcopal Succession among the Nonjurors | 147 |
| The New Bishops | 149 |
| Sherlock, Dean of Saint Paul's | 150 |
| Treachery of some of William's Servants | 157 |
| Russell | 159 |
| Godolphin | 160 |
| Marlborough | 162 |
| William returns to the Continent | 166 |
| The Campaign of 1691 in Flanders | 168 |
| The War in Ireland; State of the English Part of Ireland | 169 |
| State of the part of Ireland which was subject to James | 173 |
| Dissensions among the Irish at Limerick 176 | 176 |
| Return of Tyrconnel to Ireland | 178 |
| Arrival of a French fleet at Limerick; Saint Ruth | 179 |
| The English take the Field; Fall of Ballymore; Siege and fall of Athlone | 181 ​ |
| Retreat of the Irish Army | 187 |
| Saint Ruth determines to fight | 189 |
| Battle of Aghrim | 191 |
| Fall of Galway | 194 |
| Death of Tyrconnel; Second Siege of Limerick | 196 |
| The Irish desirous to capitulate | 199 |
| Negotiations between the Irish Chiefs and the Besiegers | 200 |
| The Capitulation of Limerick | 202 |
| The Irish troops required to make the Election between their country and France | 205 |
| Most of the Irish Troops volunteer for France | 206 |
| Many of the Irish who had volunteered for France desert | 207 |
| The last Division of the Irish Army sails from Cork to France | 209 |
| State of Ireland after the War | 210 |
| CHAPTER XVIII. |
| Opening of the Parliament | 215 |
| Debates on the Salaries and Fees of Official Men | 216 |
| Act excluding Papists from Public Trust in Ireland | 218 |
| Debates on the East India Trade | 221 |
| Debates on the Bill for regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason | 240 |
| Plot formed by Marlboro against the Government of William | 219 |
| Marlborough's plot disclosed by the Jacobites | 254 |
| 1092. Disgrace of Marlborough; various reports touching the Cause of Marlborough's Disgrace | 255 |
| Rupture between Mary and Anne | 257 |
| Fuller's Plot | 260 |
| Close of the Session; Bill for ascertaining the Salaries of the Judges rejected | 268 |
| Ministerial changes in England | 271 |
| Ministerial Changes in Scotland | 273 |
| State of the Highlands | 274 |
| Breadalbane employed to negotiate with the Rebel clans | 275 |
| Glencoe | 277 |
| William goes to the Continent; Death of Louvois | 300 |
| The French Government determines to send an Expedition against England; James believes that the English fleet is friendly to him | 303 ​ |
| Conduct of Russell | 304 |
| A Daughter born to James; Preparations made in England to Repel Invasion | 307 |
| James goes down to his Army at La Hogue | 308 |
| James's Declaration | 309 |
| Effect produced by James's Declaration | 311 |
| The English and Dutch fleets join; Temper of the English Fleet | 315 |
| Battle of La Hogue | 317 |
| Rejoicings in England | 321 |
| Young's Plot | 321 |
| CHAPTER XIX. |
| Foreign Policy of William | 335 |
| The Northern powers | 336 |
| The Pope; Conduct of the Allies | 307 |
| The Emperor; Spain | 340 |
| William succeeds in preventing the Dissolution of the Coalition | 341 |
| New Arrangements for the Government of the Spanish Netherlands | 344 |
| Lewis takes the field | 345 |
| Siege of Namur | 346 |
| Lewis returns to Versailles; Luxemburg | 351 |
| Battle of Steinkirk | 354 |
| Conspiracy of Grandval | 360 |
| Return of William to England | 363 |
| Naval Maladministration | 364 |
| Earthquake at Port Royal; Distress in England | 367 |
| Increase of Crime | 368 |
| Meeting of Parliament; State of Parties; The King's Speech | 371 |
| Question of Privilege raised by the Lords; Debates on the State of the Nation | 373 |
| Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason | 380 |
| Case of Lord Mohun | 381 |
| Debates on the India Trade; Supply | 384 |
| Ways and Means; Land Tax | 385 |
| Origin of the National Debt | 390 |
| Parliamentary Reform | 401 ​ |
| The Place Bill | 407 |
| The Triennial Bill; 1693 | 411 |
| The first Parliamentary Discussion on the Libeity of the Press | 415 |
| State of Ireland | 428 |
| The King refuses to pass the Triennial Bill | 433 |
| Ministerial Arrangements | 436 |
| The King goes to Holland; A Session of Parliament in Scotland | 439 |
| CHAPTER XX. |
| State of the Court of Saint Germains | 444 |
| Feeling of the Jacobites. Compounders and Non-Compounders | 448 |
| Change of Ministry at Saint Germains: Middleton | 451 |
| New Declaration put forth by James | 454 |
| Effect of the New Declaration | 456 |
| French preparations for the Campaign; Institution of the Order of Saint Lewis; Middleton's Account of Versailles | 458 |
| William's Preparations for the Campaign | 461 |
| Lewis takes the Field | 462 |
| Lewis returns to Versailles | 463 |
| Manoeuvres of Luxemburg | 465 |
| Battle of Landen | 466 |
| Miscarriage of the Smyrna Fleet | 473 |
| Excitement in London | 476 |
| Jacobite Libels: William Anderton | 477 |
| Writings and Artifices of the Jacobites | 480 |
| Conduct of Caermarthen | 483 |
| New Charter granted to the East India Company | 484 |
| Return of William to England: military Successes of France | 486 |
| Distress of France | 487 |
| A Ministry necessary to Parliamentary Government | 492 |
| The First Ministry gradually formed | 494 |
| Sunderland | 495 |
| Sunderland advises the King to give the preference to the Whigs; Reasons for preferring the Whigs | 500 |
| Chiefs of the Whig Party; Russell | 502 |
| Somers | 503 |
| Montague | 506 |
| Wharton | 510 ​ |
| Chiefs of the Tory Party; Harley | 514 |
| Foley; Howe | 519 |
| Meeting of Parliament; Debates about the Naval Miscarriages | 521 |
| Russell First Lord of the Admiralty; Retirement of Nottingham | 523 |
| Shrewsbury refuses Office | 524 |
| Debates about the Trade with India | 525 |
| Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason; Triennial Bill | 528 |
| Place Bill | 531 |
| Bill for the Naturalization of Foreign Protestants 535 | 535 |
| Supply | 537 |
| Ways and Means: Lottery Loan | 538 |
| 1694; the Bank of England | 540 |
| Prorogation of Parliament: Ministerial Arrangements; Shrewsbury Secretary of State | 552 |
| New Titles bestowed | 554 |
| French Plan of War; English Plan of War | 555 |
| Expedition against Brest | 557 |
| Naval Operations in the Mediterranean | 561 |
| War by Land | 563 |
| Complaints of Trenchard's Administration | 564 |
| The Lancashire Prosecutions | 565 |
| Meeting of the Parliament; Death of Tillotson | 570 |
| Tenison Archbishop of Canterbury; Debates on the Lancashire Prosecutions | 571 |
| Place Bill; Bill for the Regulation of Trials in Cases of Treason; The Triennial Bill passed | 574 |
| Death of Mary | 575 |
| Funeral of Mary | 579 |
| Greenwich Hospital founded | 580 |
"Volume V."
| CHAPTER XXI. |
| | PAGE. |
| Effect of Mary's Death on the Continent | 13 |
| Death of Luxemburg | 14 |
| Distress of William; Parliamentary Proceedings: Emancipation of the press | 15 |
| Death of Halifax | 18 |
| Parliamentary Enquiries into the Corruption of the Public Offices | 20 |
| Vote of Censure on the Speaker | 24 |
| Foley elected Speaker, Enquiry into the Accounts of the East India Company | 25 |
| Suspicious Dealings of Seymour | 26 |
| Bill against Sir Thomas Cook | 27 |
| Enquiry by a joint Committee of Lords and Commons | 28 |
| Impeachment of Leeds | 30 |
| Disgrace of Leeds | 34 |
| Lords Justices appointed; Reconciliation between William and the Princess Anne | 35 |
| Jacobite Plots against William's Person | 38 |
| Charnock | 40 |
| Porter; Goodman; Parkyns | 41 |
| Fenwick | 42 |
| Session of the Scottish Parliament; Inquiry into the Slaughter of Glencoe | 42 |
| War in the Netherlands: Marshal Villeroy | 51 |
| The Duke of Maine | 52 |
| Jacobite Plots against the Government during William's Absence | 54 ​ |
| Siege of Namur | 55 |
| Surrender of the Town of Namur | 59 |
| Surrender of the Castle of Namur | 64 |
| Arrest of Boultiers | 65 |
| Effect of the Emancipation of the English Press | 69 |
| Return of William to England: Dissolution of the Parliament | 74 |
| William makes a Progress through the Country | 76 |
| The Elections | 80 |
| Alarming State of the Currency | 85 |
| Meeting of the Parliament: Loyalty of the House of Commons | 100 |
| Controversy touching the Currency | 102 |
| Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Currency | 103 |
| Passing of the Act regulating Trials in Cases of High Treason | 106 |
| Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Grant of Crown Lands in Wales to Portland | 108 |
| Two Jacobite Plots formed | 110 |
| Berwick's Plot; the Assassination Plot. Sir George Barclay. | 111 |
| Failure of Berwick's Plot | 118 |
| Detection of the Assassination Plot | 120 |
| Parliamentary Proceedings touching the Assassination Plot | 126 |
| State of Public Feeling | 127 |
| Trial of Charnock, King, and Keyes | 129 |
| Execution of Charnock, King, and Keyes | 133 |
| Trial of Friend | 134 |
| Trial of Parkyns | 135 |
| Execution of Friend and Parkyns | 137 |
| Trials of Rookwood, Cranburne, and Lowick; The Association | 139 |
| Bill for the Regulation ot Elections | 144 |
| Act establishing a Land Bank | 147 |
| CHAPTER XXII. |
| Military Operations in the Netherlands; Commercial Crisis in England | 150 |
| Financial Crisis | 154 |
| Efforts to restore the Currency | 158 |
| Distress of the People: their Temper and Conduct | 160 |
| Negotiations with France; The Duke of Savoy dessrts the Coalition | 163 ​ |
| Search for Jacobite Conspirators in England: Sir John Fenwick | 165 |
| Capture of Fenwick | 167 |
| Fenwick's Confession | 169 |
| Return of William to England | 176 |
| Meeting of Parliament: State of the Country; Speech of William at the commencement of the Session | 177 |
| Resolutions of the House of Commons | 178 |
| Return of Prosperity | 180 |
| Effect of the Proceedings of the House of Commons on Foreign Governments | 181 |
| Restoration of the Finances | 182 |
| Effects of Fenwick's Confession | 163 |
| Resignation of Godolphin; Feeling of the Whigs about Fenwick | 185 |
| William examines Fenwick | 186 |
| Disappearance of Goodman | 187 |
| Parliamentary Proceedings touching Fenwick's Confession | 188 |
| Bill for attainting Fenwick | 190 |
| Debates of the Commons on the Bill of Attainder | 191 |
| The Bill of Attainder carried up to the Lords | 201 |
| Artifices of Monmouth | 202 |
| Debates of the Lords on the Bill of Attainder | 204 |
| Proceedings against Monmouth | 209 |
| Position and Feelings of Shrewsbury | 212 |
| The Bill of Attainder passed | 213 |
| Attempts to save Fenwick | 214 |
| Fenwick's Execution; Bill for regulating Elections | 215 |
| Bill for the Regulation of the Press | 218 |
| Bill abolishing the Privileges of Whitefriars and the Savoy | 219 |
| Close of the Session: Promotions and Appointments | 221 |
| State of Ireland | 224 |
| State of Scotland; A Session of Parliament at Edinburgh; Act for the Settling of Schools | 225 |
| Case of Thomas Aikenhead | 226 |
| Military Operations in the Netherlands | 229 |
| Terms of Peace offered by France; Conduct of Spain | 230 |
| Conduct of the Emperor; Congress of Ryswick | 232 |
| William opens a distinct Negotiation | 235 |
| Meeting of Portland and Boufflers | 237 ​ |
| Terms of Peace between France and England settled | 239 |
| Difficulties caused by Spain and the Emperor | 241 |
| Attempts of James to prevent a general Pacification; The Treaty of Ryswick signed | 243 |
| Anxiety in England; News of the Peace arrives in England | 244 |
| Dismay of the Jacobites | 245 |
| General Rejoicing; The King's Entry into London | 246 |
| The Thanksgiving Day | 248 |
| CHAPTER XXIII. |
| Standing Armies | 253 |
| Sunderland; Lord Spencer | 255 |
| Controversy touching Standing Armies | 258 |
| Meeting of Parliament; The King's Speech well received; Debate on a Peace Establishment | 266 |
| Sunderland attacked | 267 |
| The Nation averse to a Standing Army | 271 |
| Mutiny Act; The Navy | 273 |
| Acts concerning High Treason | 274 |
| Earl of Clancarty | 276 |
| Ways and Means | 278 |
| Rights of the Sovereign in reference to Crown Lands | 279 |
| Proceedings in Parliament on Grants of Crown Lands | 281 |
| Montague accused of Peculation | 282 |
| Bill of Pains and Penalties against Duncombe | 286 |
| Dissension between the Houses | 293 |
| Commercial Questions | 294 |
| Irish Manufactures | 297 |
| East India Companies | 302 |
| Fire at Whitehall | 308 |
| Visit of the Czar | 310 |
| Portland's Embassy to France | 318 |
| The Spanish Succession | 329 |
| The Count of Tallard's Embassy | 343 |
| Newmarket Meeting: the insecure State of the Roads | 345 |
| Further Negotiations relating to the Spanish Succession | 346 |
| The King goes to Holland | 349 |
| Portland returns from his Embassy | 350 |
| William is reconciled to Marlborough | 351 ​ |
| CHAPTER XXIV. |
| Altered Position of the Ministry | 354 |
| The Elections | 357 |
| First Partition Treaty | 361 |
| Domestic Discontent | 372 |
| Littleton chosen Speaker | 373 |
| King's Speech | 374 |
| Proceedings relating to the Amount of the Land Force | 375 |
| Unpopularity of Montague | 381 |
| Bill for disbanding the Army | 392 |
| The King's Speech | 393 |
| Death of the Electoral Prince of Bavaria | 394 |
| Renewed Discussion of the Army Question | 396 |
| Naval Administration | 401 |
| Commission on Irish Forfeitures | 403 |
| Prorogation of Parliament; Changes in the Ministry and Household | 404 |
| Spanish Succession | 409 |
| CHAPTER XXV. |
| Trial of Spencer Cowper | 447 |
| Duels | 451 |
| Discontent of the Nation | 453 |
| Captain Kidd | 456 |
| Meeting of Parliament | 461 |
| Attacks on Burnet | 464 |
| Renewed Attack on Somers | 465 |
| Question of the Irish Forfeitures; Dispute between the Houses | 468 |
| Somers again attacked | 487 |
| Prorogation of Parliament | 489 |
| Death of James the Second | 490 |
| The Pretender recognised as King | 497 |
| Return of the King | 500 |
| General Election | 502 |
| Death of William | 505 |

## Notes

* Notes to Volume I
* Notes to Volume II
* Notes to Volume III
* Notes to Volume IV
* Notes to Volume V
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse