OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tregian, Francis

​TREGIAN, FRANCIS (1548–1608), Roman catholic exile, son of Thomas Tregian, by his wife Catharine, eldest daughter of Sir John Arundell, was born in Cornwall in 1548. At an early age he married Mary, eldest daughter of Charles, seventh lord Stourton, by Anne, daughter of Edward, earl of Derby (Harl. MS. 110, f. 100 b). He frequented the court of Elizabeth in the hope that he might render assistance to the persecuted catholics. According to his biographer, however, he lost the favour of the queen by rejecting her amatory advances. He was arrested at Wolvedon (now Golden) in Probus, Cornwall, on 8 June 1577, for harbouring Cuthbert Mayne [q. v.], a catholic priest. On 16 Sept. he was indicted at Launceston, and by a sentence of præmunire he was stripped of all his property and condemned to perpetual imprisonment. The value of his estate was estimated at 3,000l. per annum, which, with all his ready money, was seized by the queen (Gilbert, Parochial Hist. of Cornwall, iii. 360). He was imprisoned afterwards in Windsor Castle, the Marshalsea prison, London, the king's bench, and the Fleet. Recovering his freedom at the solicitation of the king of Spain after twenty-eight years' incarceration, but ruined in fortune and impaired in constitution, he retired to the continent, and in July 1606 arrived at the English College, Douay, on his way to Spain. He was received at Madrid with honour and respect, and Philip III granted him a pension of sixty ​cruzados a month. He died at Lisbon on 25 Sept. 1608. His remains were interred in a marble sepulchre in the jesuit church of St. Roch. His grave was opened by Father Ignatius Stafford on 25 April 1625, and it is stated that the body was found perfect, and that many miracles were wrought by the relics (Catholic Miscellany, June 1823, ii. 242).
Some English verses by him are prefixed to Richard Verstegan's ‘Restitution of Decayed Intelligence,’ 1605.
At St. Mary's College, Oscott, there is a manuscript entitled ‘The Great and Long Sufferings for the Catholic Faith of Francis Tregian.’ A summary is given in Polwhele's ‘Cornwall,’ v. 156, and in Gilbert's ‘Cornwall,’ ii. 282; and the whole manuscript is printed, with some additional matter, in Father John Morris's ‘Troubles of our Catholic Forefathers’ (1st ser. 1872, pp. 61–140). One of the rarest of printed books is ‘Herovm Specvlvm De Vita DD. Francisci Tregeon, Cvivs Corpvs septendecim post annis in æde D. Rochi integrum inventum est. Edidit F. Franciscus Plunquetus Hibernus, Ordinis S. Bernardi, nepos ejus maternus. Olisipone [Lisbon], cvm Facvltate, Ex officina Craesbeeckiana, Anno 1655.’
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tregellas, Walter Hawken

​TREGELLAS, WALTER HAWKEN (1831–1894), miscellaneous writer, born at Truro, Cornwall, on 10 July 1831, was the eldest son of John Tabois Tregellas (1792–1863), merchant at Truro, purser of Cornish mines, and author of many stories written in the local dialect of the county; John Tabois Tregellas married at St. Mary's, Truro, on 23 Oct. 1828, Anne (1801–1867), second daughter of Richard Hawken. Walter was educated under his uncle, John Hawken, at Trevarth school, Gwennap, from 1838 to 1845, and from 1845 to 1847 at the grammar school of Truro.
Tregellas was from youth fond of drawing, and won prizes as an artist at the Royal Cornwall Polytechnic Society, Falmouth, from 1846 to 1848. He began his active life as a draughtsman in the war office on 10 July 1855, was promoted to be second draughtsman on 28 Feb. 1860, rose to be chief draughtsman on 24 May 1866, and retained the post until 1 Aug. 1893. He died at Deal on 28 May 1894, and was buried in its cemetery on 30 May. He married at Holy Trinity Church, Brompton, on 2 Nov. 1861, Zoe, third daughter of Charles Lucas (1808–1869) [q. v.] His wife survives him; they had no issue.
Tregellas was the author of an anonymous volume on ‘China, the Country, History, and People,’ published by the Religious Tract Society (1867). He compiled Stanford's ‘Tourists' Guide to Cornwall’ (1878; 7th edit. revised by H. M. Whitley, 1895); two excellent volumes on ‘Cornish Worthies’ (London, 1884, 8vo); and ‘A History of the Horse Guards,’ 1880. A work on the history of the Tower of London is still in manuscript. He contributed papers to the ‘Archæological Journal’ (1864–6), the ‘Journal of the Royal Institution of Cornwall’ (1883, 1891), and to other periodicals.
His ‘Historical Sketch of the Defences of Malta’ was printed for the Royal Engineers’ Institute at Chatham in 1879, and ‘Historical Sketch of the Coast Defences of England’ appeared in the ‘occasional paper series’ of the engineers (xii. paper ii, 1886). A paper by him on ‘County Characteristics, Cornwall,’ came out in the ‘Nineteenth Century,’ November 1887. The lives of many eminent Cornishmen were written by Tregellas in the first thirteen volumes of this dictionary.
[Journ. Royal Inst. of Cornwall, xii. 115–16 (by H. M. Whitley); Academy, 9 June 1894, p. 475 (by W. P. Courtney); Athenæum, 9 June 1894, p. 741; Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Cornub. ii 751–2, 1347–8; Boase's Collect. Cornub. 1027, 1396; West Briton, 31 May 1894 pp. 4, 5, and 7, June 1894 p. 6.]
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tregelles, Edwin Octavius

​TREGELLES, EDWIN OCTAVIUS (1806–1886), civil engineer and quaker minister, seventeenth and youngest child of Samuel Tregelles (1765–1831), by his wife Rebecca, daughter of Thomas Smith, a London banker, was born at Falmouth on 19 Oct. 1806. Leaving school at thirteen, he went to learn engineering at the Neath Abbey ironworks of his uncle, Peter Price, in South Wales. For some years after his marriage, in 1832, he was employed in superintending the introduction of lighting by gas into many towns in the south of England.
In 1835 Tregelles was appointed engineer of the Southampton and Salisbury railway, and was later engaged in surveying for the West Cornwall railway. He published in 1849 reports on the water supply and sewerage of Barnstaple and Bideford. He was elected a member of the Institution of Civil Engineers on 5 March 1850, and resigned in 1861.
When only twenty-one Tregelles began to preach, and thenceforward in the intervals of professional engagements made several ministerial journeys. In 1844, during a long visit to the West Indies, he visited, in spite of a severe attack of yellow fever, ​every island but Cuba and Porto Rico. Not long after he went to Denmark, Sweden, and Norway to visit Friends there, and in April 1855 was occupied in relieving distress in the Hebrides, concerning which he published a small volume at Newcastle in 1855.
Tregelles lived at Torquay, Falmouth, Frenchay, and, after his second marriage in 1850 to Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Richardson of Sunderland, at Derwent Hill, Shotley Bridge, Durham, where he acquired land, upon which he worked a colliery. His addresses to navvies and railway men, among whom his profession led him, were powerful and efficacious. He was a member of the council of the United Kingdom Alliance, and a warm supporter of local option.
He died at his daughter's house at Banbury on 16 Sept. 1886. By his first wife, Jenepher Fisher, an Irishwoman, who died in 1844, Tregelles had a son Arthur, besides his two daughters. By his second wife, Elizabeth, who died on 3 March 1878, he had no issue.
His ‘Diary’ for fifty-five years, edited by his daughter, Mrs. Hingston Fox, London, 1892, throws abundant light on quaker society of the century.
C. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Byrne, Julia Clara

​BYRNE, JULIA CLARA (1819–1894), author, born in 1819, was the second daughter and fourth child of Hans Busk (1772–1862) [q. v.] Educated by her father she became a good classical scholar and learned to speak French perfectly.
On 28 April 1842 Julia Busk married William Pitt Byrne, the proprietor of the ‘Morning Post,’ who died on 8 April 1861. There were issue of the marriage one son and one daughter.
She began at an early age to contribute to periodicals. Her first book — all her works were published anonymously — ‘A Glance behind the Grilles of the Religious Houses in France,’ appeared in 1855, and discussed the working of the Roman catholic church as compared with that of the protestant. Mrs. Byrne, coming under the influence of Cardinal Manning, became a convert to the Roman catholic church. Both at home and abroad Mrs. Byrne saw or met many persons of note, and her books deal largely with her social experiences. Some of her books, like ‘Flemish Interiors,’ 1856, and ‘Gossip of the Century,’ 1892, are anecdotal, light, and amusing, while others deal with serious social questions. ‘Undercurrents Overlooked,’ published in two volumes in 1860, called attention to the abuses of the workhouses, and its revelations, due to first-hand experience on the part of the author, created a profound impression, and helped to bring about many much-needed reforms. ‘Gheel, the City of the Simple,’ 1869, deals with the Belgian mode of treating the insane, and ‘The Beggynhof, or City of the Single,’ 1869, with a French method of providing for the unmarried.
Mrs. Byrne died at her residence, 16 Montagu Street, Portman Square, London, on 29 March 1894. She was a woman of versatile talents; she knew dead and modern languages, illustrated many of her books with her own hand, understood music, and was a good talker and correspondent.
Other works are:
* ‘Realities of Paris Life,’ 1859.
* ‘Red, White, and Blue: Sketches of Military Life,’ 1862, 3 vols.
* ‘Cosas de España, illustrative of Spain and the Spaniards as they are,’ 1866, 2 vols.
* ‘Pictures of Hungarian Life’ (illustrated by the author), 1869.
* ‘Feudal Castles of France’ (illustrated from the author's sketches), 1869.
* ‘Curiosities of the Search Room: a Collection of Serious and Whimsical Wills,’ 1880.
* . ‘De Omnibus Rebus: an Old Man's Discursive Ramblings on the Road of ​Everyday Life,’ 1888.
A third and fourth volume of ‘Gossip of the Century’ was edited by her sister, Miss Rachel Harriette Busk, in 1898, with the alternative title ‘Social Hours with Celebrities.’
[Athenæum, 7 April 1894; Burke's Landed Gentry, i. 242–3; Allibone's Dict. Suppl. i. 269.]
E. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1901 supplement/Byrnes, Thomas Joseph

​BYRNES, THOMAS JOSEPH (1860–1898), premier of Queensland, born in Brisbane, Queensland, in November 1860, was the son of Irish Roman catholic parents. He was educated at the Bowen primary school, gained two state scholarships, and entered the Brisbane grammar school. He graduated B.A. and LL.B. at Melbourne University, and was called to the bar in Victoria in 1884, but returned to Queensland to practise in the following year. He quickly attained a leading position at the supreme court bar, and accepted a seat in the legislative council in August 1890, with the office of solicitor-general, in the Griffith-McIlwraith ministry. He made his reputation by the firm manner in which he dealt with the labour troubles in Queensland. A conflict between the shearers' union and the pastoralist association on the subject of the employment of non-union labourers by members of the association almost attained the dimensions of an insurrection in the Clermont districts. Woolsheds were fired, policemen ‘held up,’ and a state of terrorism established. To meet the emergency Byrnes introduced Mr. Balfour's Peace Preservation Act of 1887, with necessary modifications. It was carried in one week's fierce parliamentary struggle, during which all the members of the labour party were suspended. Byrnes then despatched an adequate force of volunteers to the seat of trouble, who effectually quelled lawlessness.
In 1897 Byrnes accompanied the premier. Sir Hugh Muir Nelson, to England on the occasion of the queen's diamond jubilee. Returning after visiting the east of Europe, he succeeded Nelson as premier in March 1898, the first native-born prime minister of Queensland. The short period of his administration was marked by a vigorous policy. He supported Australian federation, and was desirous of establishing one great university for the whole of Australia. He died at Brisbane on 27 Sept. 1898, and was buried in Toowong cemetery.
[Australasian Review of Reviews, October 1898; Times, 28 Sept. 1898; Daily Chronicle, 1 Oct. 1898; Melbourne Argus, 28–30 Sept. 1898.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Thurlow, Thomas

​THURLOW, THOMAS (1737–1791), bishop of Durham, born at Ashfield, Suffolk, in 1737, was second son of Thomas Thurlow, rector of Little Ashfield, Suffolk. Edward Thurlow, first baron Thurlow [q. v.], was his elder brother. Thomas matriculated from Queen's College, Oxford, on 13 July 1754, and was a demy of Magdalen College from 1755 to 1759, when he was elected a fellow. He graduated B.A. on 11 April 1758, M.A. on 9 March 1761, B.D. on 13 April 1769, and D.D. on 23 June 1772. In 1771 he became rector of Stanhope in Durham, and in the following year was appointed master of the Temple. On 2 Nov. 1775 he was nominated dean of Rochester, and on 30 March 1779 he was consecrated bishop of Lincoln. On 13 March 1782 he became dean of St. Paul's, but resigned the office in 1787 on being translated to the see of Durham. He died in Portland Place, London, on 27 May 1791, and was buried in the Temple church. By his wife Anne, daughter of William Bere of Lymington, Hampshire, he left three daughters and a son Edward (1781–1829) [q. v.], who in 1806 succeeded his uncle as second Baron Thurlow. Thomas published a few sermons, but he owed his advancement in the church to the advocacy of his brother rather than to his own ability. He was, however, a zealous patron of literary merit.
[Gent. Mag. 1791, i. 494, ii. 782; Bloxam's Registers of Magdalen College, vi. 296–9; Edinburgh Review, cx. 329; Best's Personal Memorials, 1829, p. 225; Jesse's Memoirs of George III, ii. 265; Nichols's Literary Anecdotes, ix. 679; Le Neve's Eccl. Angl. ii. 28, 317, 579, iii. 297; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715–1886; Notes and Queries, II. ix. 392; G. E. C[okayne]'s Peerage; Brit. Mus. Add. MS. 19174, f. 709.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Thurston, John (1774-1822)

​THURSTON, JOHN (1774–1822), draughtsman, was born at Scarborough in 1774, and commenced his career as a copperplate engraver, working under James Heath [q. v.], whom he assisted on two of his chief plates, ‘The Death of Major Peirson,’ after Copley, and ‘The Dead Soldier,’ after Wright of Derby. He then took up wood-engraving and eventually devoted himself exclusively to designing book illustrations, in which he was highly successful, and most of the editions of the poets and novelists published during the first twenty years of the present century, especially those issued by the Chiswick Press, were embellished by his pencil. Many of Thurston's drawings were engraved on copper for Sharpe's and Cooke's classics and similar works, but the bulk of them, drawn on the block, were cut by Clennell, Branston, Nesbit, Thompson, and other able wood-engravers. Among his designs of this class are the illustrations to Thomson's ‘Seasons,’ 1805; Beattie's ‘Minstrel,’ 1807; Thomas's ‘Religious Emblems,’ 1809 (a much admired work, which was reissued in 1816 and published in Germany in 1818); Shakespeare's works, 1814; Somerville's ‘Rural Sports,’ 1814; Puckle's ‘Club,’ 1817; Falconer's ‘Shipwreck,’ 1817; and Savage's ‘Hints on Decorative Printing,’ 1822. Thurston's drawings were graceful and pleasing, though somewhat artificial and admirably adapted to the wood-engraver's art, which was carried to its greatest perfection under his influence. He was elected an associate of the Water-colour Society in 1806, but contributed only to the exhibition of that year, sending five Shakespearean groups; he was also an occasional exhibitor at the Royal Academy from 1794 to 1812. Being of delicate constitution and retired habits, Thurston was personally little known; he died at his house at Holloway, London, in 1822, his life being shortened by excessive devotion to his art. He had two sons, G. and J. Thurston, who practised as artists and occasionally exhibited at the Royal Academy.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wortley, Stuart-

​WORTLEY, STUART-. [See Stuart-Wortley.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wortley-Montagu, Mary

​WORTLEY-MONTAGU, Lady MARY (1689−1762), writer of ‘Letters.’ [See Montagu.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Worthington, William

​WORTHINGTON, WILLIAM (1703−1778), divine, son of Thomas Worthington of Aberhafesp, Montgomeryshire, was born in 1703, and educated at Oswestry school. He was matriculated at Jesus College, Oxford, May 1722, and graduated B.A. on 22 Feb. 1725−6. Afterwards he became usher in the school at Oswestry. He took the degree of M.A. at St. John's College, Cambridge, in 1742, was incorporated in that degree at Oxford on 3 July 1758, and accumulated the degrees of B.D. and D.D. in the latter university on 10 July the same year. He was patronised by Francis Hare [q. v.], bishop of St. Asaph, who presented him In 1729 to the vicarage of Llanyblodwell, Shropshire, and in 1740 removed him to Llanrhaiadr, Denbighshire. Hare also gave him the sinecure rectory of Darowen, Montgomeryshire, in 1737; and Archbishop Drummond, to whom he had been chaplain for several years, presented him in 1762 to a stall in the cathedral of York. He died at Llanrhaiadr on 6 Oct. 1778.
His principal works are:
* ‘An Essay on the Scheme and Conduct, Procedure and Extent, of Man's Redemption; designed for the honour and illustration of Christianity. To which is annexed a Dissertation on the Design and Argument of the Book of Job,’ London, 1743, 8vo; 2nd edit, enlarged, London, 1748, 8vo.
* ‘The Historical Sense of the Mosaic Account of the Fall proved and vindicated,’ London, 1751, 8vo.
* ‘The Use, Value, and Improvement of Various Readings shown and illustrated,’ Oxford, 1764, 8vo.
* ‘A Disquisition concerning the Lord's Supper, in order to ascertain the right Notion of it,’ 1766, 8vo.
* ‘The Evidence of Christianity deduced from Facts, and the Testimony of Sense, throughout all Ages of the Church,’ 2 vols. London, 1769, 8vo, being the Boyle lectures for 1766−8.
* ‘The Scripture Theory of the Earth, throughout all its Revolutions, and all the Periods of its Existence, from the Creation to the final Renovation of all Things; being a Sequel to the Essay on Redemption, and an Illustration of the Principles on which it is written,’ London, 1773, 8vo.
* ‘Irenicum, or the Importance of Unity in the Church of Christ considered; and applied towards the Healing of our unhappy Differences and Divisions,’ 1775, 8vo.
* ‘An impartial Enquiry into the Case of the Gospel Demoniacks; with an Appendix, consisting of an Essay on Scripture Demonology,’ 1777, 8vo. This was an attack on the opinion expressed by Hugh Farmer [q. v.], a dissenting minister, in his ‘Essay on the Demoniacks.’ 1775.
* ‘A further Enquiry into the Case of the Gospel Demoniacks, occasioned by Mr. Farmer's Letters on the Subject,’ 1779, 8vo, a posthumous publication.
[Cooke's Preacher's Assistant; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715−1886; Gent. Mag. 1778, p. 495; Graduati Cantabr. (1823), p. 530; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), iii. 204, 206; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. vii. 477; Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Williams's Eminent Welshmen, p. 544.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Wortley-Montagu, Edward

​WORTLEY-MONTAGU, EDWARD (1713−1776), author and traveller. [See Montagu.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Ferguson, Mary Catherine

​FERGUSON, MARY CATHERINE, Lady (1823–1905), biographer, born at Stillorgan, co. Dublin, in 1823, was eldest daughter of Robert Rundell Guinness by his wife Mary Anne Seymour. She was educated partly at home and partly at Woodside, Cheshire. Keenly interested from an early age in Irish art and archæology, she made the acquaintance of (Sir) Samuel Ferguson [q. v.], and through him of George Petrie [q. v.], William Reeves [q. v.], and other workers in the same field. On 16 Aug. 1848 she married Ferguson, and thenceforth shared in his archaeological and literary labours, and helped him to entertain in their house at 20 North Great George Street, Dublin, numerous native and foreign guests of like interests. In 1868 she published her popular book 'The Story of the Irish before the Conquest' (2nd edit. 1890), which is still in circulation. After her husband's death in 1886 she chiefly occupied herself in writing 'Sir Samuel Ferguson in the Ireland of his Day,' which appeared in 1896 (Edinburgh and London, 2 vols.), and pleasantly if discursively described the circle of which her husband was the centre. Her 'Life of William Reeves, D.D., Lord Bishop of Down, Connor and Dromore,' followed in 1893. Lady Ferguson also prepared for posthumous publication her husT3and's 'Ogham Inscriptions in Ireland, Wales and Scotland' (Edinburgh, 1887), 'The Hibernian Nights' Entertainments' (Dublin, 1887; three series), and popular editions of the 'Lays of the Western Gael' (Dublin, 1887; 3rd edit. 1897), 'Confession of St. Patrick' (1888), 'Congal' (Dublin, 1893), and 'Lays of the Red Branch' (1897). She died at her husband's house in Dublin on 5 March 1905, and was buried in her husband's grave at Donegore, co. Antrim. She had no children.
[Sir Samuel Ferguson in the Ireland of his Day, 1896; Life of Willlam Reeves, D.D., 1893; Daily Express, Dublin, 7 March 1905; Who's Who, 1905; personal knowledge.]
D. J. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Ingram, Thomas Dunbar

​INGRAM, THOMAS DUNBAR (1826–1901), Irish historical writer and lawyer, born in Newry on 28 July 1826, was second son of William Ingram by his wife Elizabeth Cooke. John Kells Ingram [q. v. Suppl. II] was his elder brother. After a preliminary education in Newry, he was sent to Queen's College, Belfast, where he matriculated in 1849 and graduated B.A. and LL.B. in 1853. Proceeding to London in 1854, he entered London University and graduated LL.B. there in 1857. He entered Lincoln's Inn as a student on 24 Jan. 1854, obtained a law studentship in January 1855, and was called to the bar on 17 Nov. 1856. In 1864 he published 'Compensation to Land and House Owners, being a Treatise on the Law of Compensation for Interests in Lands, payable by Public Companies' (new edit. 1869). In 1866 he obtained the post of professor of jurisprudence in Hindu and Mohammedan law in Presidency College, Calcutta, and filled the chair till 1877. At the same time he practised in the high court of judicature. In 1871 he published 'Two Letters on some Recent Proceedings of the Indian Government.'
Leaving India in 1877, he settled in Dublin and devoted himself to historical research, chiefly on Irish themes, which he treated from a pronouncedly unionist point of view. The fruits of his Irish studies appeared in the volumes: 'A Critical Examination of Irish History' (2 vols. 1904); 'A History of the Legislative Union of Great Britain and Ireland' (1887) and 'Two Chapters of Irish History' (1888). There followed 'England and Rome, a History of the Relations between the Papacy and the English State Church from the Norman Conquest to the Revolution of 1688' (1892). Ingram's works on Irish history contain valuable material and are written with great earnestness and sincerity, but they fail in their purpose of controverting Lecky's conclusions respecting the corrupt means whereby the union of 1800 was brought about.
He died unmarried in Dublin on 30 Dec. 1901, and was buried in Mount Jerome cemetery.
[Daily Express, Dublin, 31 Dec. 1901; Brit. Mus. Cat.; University Calendars; information from Mr. J. K. Ingram.]
D. J. O'D.