OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Tower of Ivory/The Altar

THE ALTAR
I built an unnamed altar in my heart,
And sculptured sacred garlands for a frieze
From delicately petalled memories,—
The fragrance of a word, the fragile art
Of ash-gold hair, dim visioned things that start
With radiant wings from mist of reveries,
And vanish at the telling as a breeze
Blurs mirrored stars in dark pools set apart.
But, as I worshipped reverently there
The symbols of the beautiful, there came
A light aslant the shadows of my prayer
That silenced mine uplifted lips with shame.
The garlands coldly carven in that fair
Unmeaning tracery enscrolled—thy name.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Engelbert Mühlbacher

From volume 10 of the work.
An historian, born at Gresten, Austria, 4 Oct., 1843; died at Vienna, 17 July, 1903. He received his classical education at Vienna, his father's native city. In 1862 he became a novice among the Austin Canons at St. Florian. After completing his theological studies there, he was ordained priest in 1867. As Arneth relates in his memoirs, historical studies had been successfully cultivated at St. Florian's since Provost Arneth's time, and Mühlbacher was soon active in this domain. Among his writings are articles on St. Florian's Gerhoh von Reichersberg, and the literary productions of St. Florian's. In 1872 we find Mühlbacher studying under Julius Ficker at Innsbruck, where after two years he received the degree of Doctor of Theology. He then hastened to Vienna to finish his historical training under Sickel's guidance. When Ficker entrusted the youthful scholar with the revision of the Carlovingian period of Böhmer's "Regesta", he was directing him to a domain in which he was to do imperishable work. In 1878 he was formally received as academical lecturer into the philosophical faculty of the University of Innsbruck, and between 1880 and 1889 published his masterly edition of the imperial "Regesta" of the Carlovingian period. As Redlich says, "the technique of compiling regesta received exemplary development at Mühlbacher's hands, and his work served as a model for the entire new edition of the imperial "Regesta". In 1892 Mühlbacher was entrusted with the editing of the Carlovingian documents for the "Monumenta Germaniæ Historica". At the same time it became necessary to bring out a new edition of his Carlovingian "Regesta". The two works proved of mutual assistance, and Mühlbacher devoted the greatest care and diligence to his tasks. He was able to see only the first part of each work through the press, but left considerable material for the use of his successors. No other German scholar was so well qualified to write the "Deutsche Geschichte unter den Karolingern", which appeared in 1896. Since 1879 Mühlbacher edited the "Mitteilungen des Instituts für österreichische Geschichtsforschung". In 1881 he was appointed extraordinary, and in 1896 ordinary professor at Vienna. In 1895 Ficker turned over to him the management of the "Regesta Imperii". With the utmost energy he took in hand the arrangement of the Austrian State Archives, and the preparation of the more recent history of Austria. His learning and efforts did not fail to receive due recognition. He was chosen an active member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences in Vienna. Mühlbacher's unwearying labours continued until his all too early death.
REDLICH, Obituary in Mitteil. des Institutes für österr. Geschichtsforschung, XXV (Innsbruck, 1904), 201-7, with portrait.
C. WOLFSGRUBER.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Engaddi

From volume 5 of the work.
Engaddi (Sept., usually Engadi (; Hebr. 'En Gedhi, "Fountain of the Kid") is the name of a warm spring near the center of the west shore of the Dead Sea, and also of a town situated in the same place. In II Par., xx, 2, it is identified with Asasonthamar (Cutting of the Palm), the city of the Amorrhean, smitten by Chodorlahomor (Gen., xiv, 7) in his war against the cities of the plain. Jos., xv, 62, enumerates Engaddi among the cities of Juda in the desert Betharaba, but Ezech., xlvii, 10, shows that it was also a fisherman's town. Later on, David hides in the desert of Engaddi (I Kings, xxiv, 1, 2), and Saul seeks him "even upon the most craggy rocks, which are accessible only to wild goats" (ibid., 3). Again, it is in Engaddi that the Moabites and Ammonites gather in order to fight against Josaphat (II Par., xx, 1, 2) and to advance against Jerusalem "by the ascent named Sis" (ibid., 16). Finally, Cant., i, 13, speaks of the "vineyards of Engaddi"; the words, "I was exalted like a palm tree in Cades" (en aigialois), which occur in Ecclus., xxiv, 18, may perhaps be understood of the palm trees of Engaddi.
To these strictly Biblical data concerning Engaddi the following notes taken from profane sources may be added. Josephus (Antiq., IX, i, 2) connects Engaddi with the growth of beautiful palm trees and the production of opobalsam. Pliny (Nat. Hist., V, xxvii, 73) places Engaddi only second to Jerusalem as far as fertility and the cultivation of the palm tree are concerned. Eusebius and St. Jerome (Onomastica sacra, Gottingen, 1870, pp. 119, 254) testify that at their time there still existed on the shore of the Dead Sea a large Jewish borough called Engaddi which furnished opobalsam. The name still lives in the Arabic form 'Ain Jedi, which is now applied to a mere oasis enclosed by two streams, the Wady Sudeir and Wady el-'Areyeh, and bounded by nearly vertical walls of rock. The former vineyards and palm groves have given place to a few bushes of acacia and tamarisk, and the site of the ancient town is now occupied by a few Arabs.
A. J. MAAS
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Enemond Massé

From volume 10 of the work.
One of the first Jesuits sent to New France; born at Lyons, 1574; died at Sillery, 12 May, 1646. He went to Acadia with Father Biard, and when it was found impossible to effect any good there, they established a new mission at the present Bar Harbor, Maine, which was soon after destroyed by the English — Massé being set adrift on the sea in an open boat. He succeeded in reaching a French ship and returned to France. In 1625 he again set sail for Canada, and remained there until the fall of Quebec. He returned a third time in 1632, but, as he was in advanced in age, he no longer laboured among the savages, but lived mostly at Sillery, which he built as a reservation for the converted Indians. A monument has recently been erected to his honour at this place on the site of the old Jesuit Church which stood on the bank of the St. Lawrence a short distance above Quebec.
T.J. CAMPBELL
# Tull v. Wainwright

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
372 U.S. 778
Tull v. Wainwright
Tull, pro se.
Richard W. Ervin, Atty. Gen. of Florida, and James G. Mahorner, Asst. Atty. Gen., for respondent.
On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the Supreme Court of Florida.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Tull v. Wainwright/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
372 U.S. 778
Tull v. Wainwright
The motion for leave to proceed in forma pauperis and the petition for writ of certiorari are granted. The judgment is vacated and the case is remanded for further consideration in light of Gideon v. Wainwright, 372 U.S. 335, 83 S.Ct. 792.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Tullochgorum

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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Tullochgorum, a poem by John Skinner
* Tullochgorum (n.d.), chapbook printed in Glasgow
* Tullochgorum (1823), chapbook printed in Glasgow
# Tulee v. Washington

United States Supreme Court
315 U.S. 681
Tulee v. Washington
Argued: March 3, 1942. --- Decided: March 30, 1942
Messrs. Francis Biddle, Atty. Gen., and Nathan R. Margold, of Washington, D.C., for appellant.
Mr. T. H. Little, of Olympia, Wash., for appellee.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Treaty establishing the European Economic Community/Annex IV: Overseas countries and territories to which the provisions of Part IV of the Treaty apply

Treaty establishing the EEC - Annex IV: Overseas countries and territories to which the provisions of Part IV of the Treaty apply
French West Africa: Senegal, French Sudan, French Guinea, Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Mauritania, Niger, and Upper Volta;
French Equatorial Africa: Middle Congo, Ubangi-Shari, Chad and Gabon;
Saint Pierre and Miquelon, the Comoro Archipelago, Madagascar and dependencies, French Somaliland, New Caledonia and dependencies, French Settlements in Oceania, Southern and Antarctic Territories;
The Autonomous Republic of Togoland;
The trust territory of the Cameroons under French administration;
The Belgian Congo and Ruanda-Urundi;
The trust territory of Somaliland under Italian administration;
Netherlands New Guinea
# Treaty of Amity and Commerce

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* Treaty of Amity and Commerce (USA-France) (1778)
* Jay's Treaty, formally the Treaty of Amity, Commerce, and Navigation (USA–Great Britain) (1794)
# Treaty of Alfred and Guthrum

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This is the peace that King Alfred and King Guthrum, and the witan of all theEnglish nation, and all the people that are in East Anglia, have all ordainedand with oaths confirmed, for themselves and for their descendants, as well forborn as for unborn, who reck of God's mercy or of ours.
1. Concerning our land boundaries: Up on the Thames, and then up on the Lea,and along the Lea unto its source, then straight to Bedford, then up on theOuse unto Watling Street.
2. Then is this: If a man be slain, we estimate all equally dear, English andDanish, at viii half marks of pure gold; except the ceorl who resides on rentedland and their [the Danes'] freedmen; they also are equally dear, either atcc. shillings.
3. And if a king's thegn be accused of manslaying, if he dare clear himself onoath, let him do that with 12 king's thegns. If any one accuse that man whois of less degree than the king's thegn, let him clear himself with xi of hisequals and with one king's thegn. And so in every suit which may be more thaniv mancuses. [A money of account representing thirty pence] And if he darenot, let him pay for it threefold, as it may be valued.
4. And that every man know his warrantor in acquiring slaves and horses andoxen.
5. And we all ordained on that day that the oaths were sworn, that neitherbond nor free might go to the host without leave, no more than any of them tous. But if it happen that from necessity any of them will have traffic with usor we with them, with cattle and with goods, that is to be allowed in thiswise: that hostages be given in pledge of peace, and as evidence whereby itmay be known that the party has a clean back.

## Source

Taken from http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/guthrum.html which reproduced the translation from Source Problems in English History, Albert Beebe White and Wallace Notestein, eds., (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1915).
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Twin funnels on Palm Sunday

A webpage in the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Digital Library for a photograph by Paul Huffman.
pl23_wea00217.jpg
Image: Download (1.49 MB) Permalink: https://www.noaa.gov/media/digital-library-photo/pl23wea00217jpg
Description: Twin funnels on Palm Sunday
Photographer: Mr. Paul Huffman
Display Date: 1965 April 11
Location: Indiana, Elkhart
Collection: Weather ServiceMeteorological MonstersTornadoes
Keywords: MonstersTornadoes
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Twine weel the Plaiden

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* "Twine weel the Plaiden", a Scottish song by an unknown author
* Twine weel the plaiden, a chapbook printed in Glasgow
# Twine weel the plaiden (1)

Twine weel the Plaiden.
Beadle of the Parish.
O Jeanie there's naethiug to fear ye.
The Irish Fisherman.
MEETING OF THE WATERS.
The Deer Hunter.
NATIVE LAND.
Glasgow—Printed for the Booksellers.
* Twine Weel the Plaiden
* Beadle of the Parish
* O Jeanie, There's Naething to Fear Ye
* The Irish Fisherman
* Merting of the Waters
* The Deer Hunter
* Native Land
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Twin funnels on Palm Sunday (NOAA Photo Library)

A webpage by the United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration for a photograph of the 1965 Elkhart, Indiana double funnel tornado on Palm Sunday.
NOAA PHOTO LIBRARY National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
TORNADOES
← PreviousNext →
Twin funnels on Palm Sunday10/23/2018 9:48:46 AM
Photographer: Mr. Paul Huffman Date: 1965 April 11 Location: Indiana, Elkhart Subject: Monsters Subject: Tornadoes
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Twine weel the Plaiden (song)

* "Twine Weel the Plaiden", in Twine weel the plaiden (n.d.), a chapbook printed in Glasgow
* "Twine weel the Plaiden", in The Black-bird (1818), a chapbook printed in Falkirk
* "Twine weel the plaiden", in The Book of Scottish Song (1843), edited by Alexander Whitelaw
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Sisters of Saint Elizabeth

From volume 5 of the work.
Elizabeth, Sisters of Saint, generally styled "Grey Nuns". They sprang from an association of young ladies established by Dorothea Klara Wolff, in connection with the sisters, Mathilde and Maria Merkert, and Franziska Werner, 1842, in Neisse (Prussia), to tend in their own homes, without compensation, helpless sick persons who could not or would not be received into the hospitals. The members purposed to support the needy through the labor of their own hands. Without adopting any definite rule, they led a community life and wore a common dress, a brown woollen habit with a grey bonnet. For this reason they were soon called by the people the "Grey Nuns". As their work was soon recognized and praised everywhere, and as new members continually applied for admission, their spiritual advisers sought to give the association some sort of religious organization. They endeavored, wherever possible, to affiliate it with already established confraternities having similar purposes. But their foremost desire was to educate the members for the care of the sick in hospitals. Great difficulties arose, and the attempt failed, principally through the resistance of the foundresses, who did not wish to abandon their original plan of itinerant nursing. Thus the association which had justified such bright hopes was dissolved, and many of the newly admitted members joined the Sisters of St. Charles Borromeo, while the foundresses left the novitiate which they had already entered. Klara Wolff and Mathilde Merkert died shortly after, in the service of charity. The other two began their work anew in 1850 and placed it under the especial patronage of St. Elizabeth. They speedily gained the sympathy of the sick of all classes and creeds, and also that of the physicians. New candidates applied for admission, and the sisters were soon able to extend the sphere of their activity beyond Neisse. Of especial importance was the foundation made at Breslau, where the work of the sisters came under the direct observation of the episcopal authorities. Soon after, September 4, 1859, Prince-Bishop Heinrich Förster was prevailed upon by the favorable reports and testimonials to grant the association ecclesiastical approbation. As such a recognition presupposed a solid religious organization, novitiate was established according to the statutes submitted. In the following year the twenty-four eldest sisters made the three religious vows. State recognition, with the grant of a corporation charter, was obtained by the confraternity May 25,1864, under the title, "Catholic Charitable Institute of St. Elizabeth", through the mediation of the Prussian Crown-Prince Frederick William, subsequent Emperor of Germany, who had observed the beneficent activity of the sisters on the battlefields of Denmark. The approbation of the Holy See was granted for the congregation on January 26, 1887, and for its constitutions on April 26, 1898. The congregation has spread to Norway, Sweden, and Italy, and has (1908), dependent on the motherhouse at Breslau, 305 filial houses, with 2565 sisters and about 100 postulants.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Sisters of Notre Dame (of Cleveland, Ohio)

A branch of the congregation founded by Blessed Julie Billiart. In 1850, Father Elting of Coesfeld, Germany, aided by the Misses Hildegonda Wollbring and Lisette Kuehling, who became the first members of this community, introduced the Order of Notre dame into Westphalia. The novices were trained by three sisters from the community of Amersfoort, Holland. Soon they were enabled to open a normal school and to take charge of parish schools. The Prussian Government objecting to teachers dependent on foreign authority, the sisters were compelled to sever their relations with the mother-house in Holland and to erect their own at Coesfeld. When in 1871, the Kulturkampf broke out in Germany, the Sisters of Coesfeld, though they had repeatedly received at the Prussian state examinations, the highest testimonials as most efficient teachers, were at once expelled. Thereupon, Father Westerholt, of St. Peter's Church, Cleveland, had Bishop Gilmour invite them to his diocese. On 5 July, 1874, the superioress-general accompanied by eight sisters arrived in New York, and the following day in Cleveland. Their first home was a small frame house near St. Peter's Church. Two months later they took charge of the parish school for girls. Presently Bishop Toebbe of Covington, Ky., invited them to his diocese, where they were first employed as teachers of the Mother of God school in Covington. In the autumn of 1874, the sisters began to conduct the parish schools of St. Stephen's, Cleveland, and of St. Joseph's, Fremont. Within four years of their first arrival on the North American continent, two hundred sisters had been transferred to the missions in Ohio and Kentucky. The centre of the community was temporarily at Covington, where in 1875 a convent with an academy was erected. The same year the superioress-general came to Cleveland, where the mother-house was built and an academy founded in 1878. In 1883 a girls' boarding-school on Woodland Hills was opened. An academy was founded in Toledo, Ohio, and opened September, 1904. Since 1877 the Sisters of Notre Dame have been in charge of two orphanages, one at Cold Springs, Ky., and the other at Bond Hill in the archdiocese of Cincinnati. In May, 1887, the Prussian Government allowed the sisters to return and their mother-house was established at Muhlhausen, Rhenish Prussia. The American branch is under the immediate direction of a privincial superioress, residing in Cleveland, and numbers 430 sisters. The sisters conduct also upwards of forty parish schools, mostly in Ohio and Kentucky, containing about 14,000 pupils.
ARENS, Die selig Julie Billiart (Freiburg im Br., 1908); Annals of Notre dame Convent in Cleveland (manuscript).
NICHOLAS PFEIL
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Sisters of Our Lady of Charity of the Refuge

From volume 12 of the work.
The Institute of Our Lady of Charity was founded (1641) by [St. Jean] Eudes, at Caen, Normandy, under the title of Our Lady of Refuge. Moved by pity for abandoned women living a life of sin, Père Eudes at first attempted to unite the penitent among them and place them under the care of good and zealous women, but he soon became convinced that the only way of dealing with them was to found a congregation of holy women, who would bind themselves by vow to work for the reformation of these unfortunate ones. Three Visitation nuns came to his aid temporarily, and, in 1644, a house was opened at Caen under the title of Our Lady of Charity. Other ladies joined them, and, in 1651, the Bishop of Bayeux gave the institute his approbation. In 1664 a Bull of approbation was obtained from Alexander VII. That same year a house was opened at Rennes, and the institute began to spread. When the French Revolution broke out there were seven communities of the order in France. From this parent-tree of Our Lady of Charity sprang the Order of the Good Shepherd (q.v.).
The Sisters of Our Lady of Charity do no limit their work to reclaiming the fallen; they also receive girls who are in danger of being lost or who are being brought up immorally. These form what is called the class of preservation. Government reformatories are attached to some of the monasteries. All the houses of this order are independent of each other, and each has its own novitiate, but the mother-house is still at Caen. The nuns wear a white habit and a large silver cross on the breast. To the three ordinary religious vows they add a fourth, viz., to devote themselves to the reformation of the fallen. The novitiate lasts two years. These sisters came to England in 1863 and now have houses at Bartestree, Waterlooville, Monmouth, Southampton, Northfield (near Birmingham), and Mold; in Ireland they have two houses at Dublin; in France they have seventeen: one at Caen, St-Brieux, Rennes, La Rochelle, Paris, Versailles, Nantes, Lyons, Valence, Toulouse, Le Mans, Blois, Montauban, Besancon, Valognes, and two at Marseilles; in the United States they have two houses at both Buffalo and Pittsburg, and one at Green Bay (Wisconsin), Wheeling (W. Virginia), Hot Springs (Arkansas), San Antonio and Dallas (Texas); in Canada they have houses at Ottawa, Toronto, and Vancouver; in Mexico, two; in Italy, one at Loretto; in Spain, one at Bilboa, and in Austria, one at Salzburg.
[Note: Jean, or John Eudes, "the Venerable Pere Eudes," was beatified by St. Pius X in 1909, and canonized by Pope Pius XI in 1925. His feast day is 19 August.]
PINAS, Venerable Pere Eudes and his Works (Edinburgh, 1903); STEELE, Covents of Great Britain; HEIMBUCHER, Die Orden und Kongregationen (Paderborn, 1907).
Francesca M. Steele.