OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Loder, George

​LODER, GEORGE (1816?–1868), musician, born at Bath, probably in 1816, was son of George Loder, flute-player, of Bath, and nephew of John David Loder [q. v.] In 1836 he visited America, residing for some years in Baltimore, and in 1844 he was principal of the New York Vocal Institute, and member of the Philharmonic and Vocal Societies, which he had helped to establish there. About 1856 Loder went to Adelaide, South Australia, with Madame Anna Bishop, and afterwards with Lyster's opera troupe as conductor. About 1860 he was again practising his profession—as organist, vocalist, conductor, and composer—in London. In 1861 he published there 'Pets of the Parterre,' a comic operetta, which had been produced at the Lyceum, and in 1862 'The Old House at ​Home, 'a musical entertainment. Loder paid a second visit to Australia, and died after a long illness at Adelaide on 15 July 1868.
Loder's music has been more popular in America than in his own country. 'The New York Glee Book,' 1844 (republished as 'The Philadelphia and New York Glee Book' in 1804), contains several of his original part-songs. He also issued 'The Middle Voice,' 12 solfeggi, London, 1860, and various separate songs by him were published both in England and America.
[Era, 20 Sept. 1868; Mendel's Musikalisches Conversatious-Lexikon, vi. 419; private information.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Loder, John David

​LODER, JOHN DAVID (1788–1846), violinist, a member of a musical family long resident in Bath, the son of John Loder (d. 1795 at Weymouth), musician, was born at Bath in 1788. He was at the head of his profession in Bath for many years, leading the band of the theatre, and giving concerts in association with Sir George Smart from 1823, and others. After 1826, when Loder was soloist at the Gloucester musical festival, he was leader at the Three Choirs festivals until 1845. He subsequently resided in London, became professor of the Royal Academy of Music, and a principal violin, 1840, succeeding Cramer as leader, 1845, at the Ancient Concerts. Loder also led at the Philharmonic and other concerts. His thorough knowledge of orchestral and chamber music caused his services to be especially sought in the performance of new and intricate works. He was a successful teacher of the violin and viola, and the author of a standard work of instruction for the violin, 1814, one more elementary than the foreign class-books hitherto employed, and more methodical than the compilations of Geminiani and Barthélémon. The 'Instruction Book' passed through many editions, one of the most recent being edited by Carrodus in 1884.
Loder died at Albany Street, Regent's Park, on 13 Feb. 1846, in his fifty-eighth year. He left a widow, five sons—of whom three, Edward James [q. v.], John Fawcett, and William, were established musicians— and two daughters.
Loder supplemented his (1) 'General and Comprehensive Instruction Book for the Violin,' 1814, by (2) 'A First Set of Three Duets for two Violins,' 1837, and (3) 'The whole Modern Art of Bowing,' 1842.
Loder's second son, John Fawcett Loder (1812-1853), violinist, born in 1812, played in London orchestras. He took the viola in Dando's quartet from 1842 till 1853 (Grove, Dict. of Mus. i. 429). He died suddenly in Hawley Crescent, London, on 16 April 1853.
[For the father: Gent. Mag. 1814, p. 468; Bath Chronicle of 19 Feb. 1846; Athenæum, 1846, p. 205; Annals of the Three Choirs, pp. 84-156 passim; Programmes of Ancient Music Concerts, 1840-6. For the son: Gent. Mag. 1853, pt. i. p. 674; Waller's Imperial Dictionary.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Locock, Charles

​LOCOCK, Sir CHARLES (1790–1875), obstetric physician, son of Henry Locock, M.D., was born at Northampton, 21 April 1799. For three years he was resident private pupil of Sir Benjamin Brodie in London, and afterwards graduated M.D. at Edinburgh in 1821. Brodie recommended him to devote himself specially to midwifery, and he was fortunate in receiving the commendations of Dr. Gooch, who was retiring from practical midwifery. After 1825 he rapidly rose to the first rank, and long had the best practice in London as an accoucheur. In 1834-5 he lectured at St. Bartholomew's Hospital, and was for many years physician to the Westminster Lying-in Hospital. He was admitted a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians in 1836, and was a member of its council in 1840-1-2. In 1840 he was appointed first physician accoucheur to Queen Victoria, and attended at the birth of all her children. Besides contributing some practical articles to the 'Cyclopædia of Practical Medicine' and to the 'Library of Medicine,' he made a valuable contribution to medicine by the discovery of the efficacy of bromide of potassium in epilepsy (see Reports of Discussion, Royal Med.-Chir.Soc.; Lancet and Medical Times, 23 May 1857). In 1857 he was created a baronet, although he had declined the honour in 1840. He was president of the Royal Medical and Chirurgicel Society in 1857, was elected F.R.S., and created D.C.L. Oxon. in 1864, He unsuccessfully contested the Isle of Wight as a conservative in 1865. He died 23 July 1875, Sir James Paget describes him as having great power of work and devotion to duty, quick, keen insight, and great practical knowledge of his profession. He was not learned, and had little scientific power. He was genial in society, and a good story-teller.
Locock married, on 5 Aug. 1826, Amelia, youngest daughter of John Lewis. esq. By her he had four sons, of whom the eldest, Charles Brodie, succeeded to the baronetcy, and the third son, Sidney (1834-1885), was ​the British minister resident in Servia from 1881 till his death on 30 Aug. 1885.
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mole, John (1743-1827)

​MOLE, JOHN (1743–1827), mathematician, the son of an agricultural labourer, was born at Old Newton, near Stowmarket, Suffolk, 10 March 1743 (O.S.) His mother, whose maiden name was Sarah Martin, taught him to read, but he received no school education. He obtained employment as a farmer's servant, and at the age of twenty-seven displayed extraordinary powers of mental calculation, and subsequently acquired, without tuition, an intimate knowledge of algebra. In 1773 he opened a school at Nacton, near Ipswich. His 'Elements of Algebra, to which is prefixed a choice collection of Arithmetical Questions, with their Solutions, including some New Improvements worthy the attention of Mathematicians,' London, 1788, 8vo, was highly commended by the reviews. In April 1788 the author paid a visit to London, and was introduced to Dr. Tomline [q. v.], bishop of Lincoln, and Lord Walpole. He was an occasional contributor of pieces in prose and verse to the 'Ipswich Magazine' (1799–1800). In 1793 he relinquished his school at Nacton, and removed to Witnesham, a village on the other side of Ipswich, where he again commenced the drudgery of tuition. While there he published 'A Treatise on Algebra,' Ipswich, 1809, 8vo. In 1811 he returned to Nacton, where he died on 20 Sept. 1827. He was twice married, but left no issue.
[Addit. MSS. 19167 f. 162, 19170 f. 145; De Morgan's Arithmetical Books, p. 117; Gent. Mag. 1788 p. 410, February 1828 p. 185; Nichols's Illustr. of Lit. vi. 887-91.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Molesworth, William Nassau

​MOLESWORTH, WILLIAM NASSAU (1816–1890), historian, eldest son of the Rev. John Edward Nassau Molesworth [q. v.], vicar of Rochdale, Lancashire, by his first wife, was born 8 Nov. 1816, at Millbrook, near Southampton, where his father then held a curacy. He was educated at the King's School, Canterbury, and at St. John's and Pembroke Colleges, Cambridge, where, as a senior optime, he graduated B.A. in 1839. In 1842 he proceeded to the degree of M.A., and in 1883 the university of Glasgow bestowed on him its LL.D. degree. He was ordained in 1839, and became curate to his father at Rochdale, but in 1841 the wardens and fellows of the Manchester Collegiate Church presented him to the incumbency of St. Andrew's Church, Travis Street, Ancoats, in Manchester, and in 1844 his father presented him to the church of St. Clement, Spotland, near Rochdale, which living he held till his resignation through ill-health in 1889. Though a poor preacher, he was a zealous and earnest parish priest; and in 1881 his labours were rewarded by an honorary canonry in Manchester Cathedral, conferred on him by Bishop Fraser. Ecclesiastically he was a high churchman; politically a radical. He was the friend of Bright, who publicly praised one of his histories (Speeches, ii. 110), and of Cobden, and received information from Lord Brougham for his ‘History of the Reform Bill.’ He was among the first to support the co-operative movement, which he knew through the ‘Rochdale Pioneers.’ Though described as ‘angular in manner,’ he appears to have been agreeable and estimable in private life. After some years of ill-health, he died at Rochdale 19 Dec. 1890, and was buried at Spotland. He married, 3 Sept. 1844, Margaret, daughter of George Murray of Ancoats Hall, Manchester, by whom he had six sons and one daughter.
Molesworth wrote a number of political and historical works, ‘rather annals than history,’ but copious and accurate. His principal work was ‘History of England from 1830’ [to the date of publication], 1871–3, and incorporating an earlier work on the Reform Bill; it reached a fifth thousand in 1874, and an abridged edition was published in 1887. His other works were: 1. ‘Essay on the Religious Importance of Secular Instruction,’ 1857. 2. ‘Essay on the French Alliance,’ which in 1860 gained the Emerton prize adjudicated by Lords Brougham, Clarendon, and Shaftesbury. 3. ‘Plain Lectures on Astronomy,’ 1862. 4. ‘History of the Reform Bill of 1832,’ 1864. 5. ‘History of the Church of England from 1660,’ 1882. He also edited, with his father, ‘Common Sense,’ 1842–3.
[Times, 20 Dec. 1890; Manchester Guardian, 20 Dec. 1890; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
J. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Molines, Allan

​MOLINES or MULLEN, ALLAN, M.D. (d. 1690), anatomist, born in the north of Ireland, was educated in Dublin ​University, where he graduated B.A. and M.B. in 1676, and M.D. in 1684 (Cat. of Graduates, ed. Todd, pp. 416, 417). In the latter year he was apparently elected fellow of the College of Physicians in Ireland (Register, 1865, p. 92). He attempted original research in anatomy, and became a prominent member of the Dublin Philosophical Society, to which he contributed valuable papers on human and comparative anatomy. The most important was that in which he described the vascularity of the lens of the eye, to the discovery of which he appears to have been led by the dissection of an elephant. On 18 July 1683 he was elected F.R.S. (Thomson, Hist. of Roy. Soc. App. iv.) A discreditable love affair obliged him to remove to London in 1686, and thence he went with William O'Brien, second earl of Inchiquin [q. y.], in 1690 to the West Indies, hoping to improve his fortunes by the discovery of some mines there. He died soon after landing at Barbados from the effects of intoxication.
Mullen published 'An Anatomical Account of the Elephant accidentally burnt in Dublin on 17 June 1681; together with a Relation of new Anatomical Observations on the Eyes of Animals. By A. M.,' &c., 2 pts. 4to, London, 1682. His examination was made with such accuracy that his descriptions have been quoted by writers down to the present time. The 'Philosophical Transactions' for 1685 contain an account of his dissection of a 'monstrous double cat' (xv. 1135). In the volume for 1687 he gave a close estimate of the quantity of blood contained in the body (xvi. 433). His experiments 'On the Injection of Mercury into the Blood' (xvii. 486), ' On a Black shining Sand brought from Virginia' (xvii. 624), and ' Anatomical Observations on the Heads of Fowls' (xvii. 711) are also recorded. His discovery of several structures in the tunics of the eye is acknowledged by Albrecht Haller.
[Ware's Writers of Ireland (Harris), p. 206; Cameron's College of Surgeons in Ireland, pp. 9–11, 94; Mapother's Lessons from the Lives of Irish Surgeons.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mole, John Henry

​MOLE, JOHN HENRY (1814–1886), water-colour painter, was born at Alnwick, Northumberland, in 1814. His early years were passed in a solicitor's office in Newcastle-on-Tyne, but his leisure time was devoted to art, and at the age of twenty-one he began his professional career by painting miniatures. He first exhibited in London at the Royal Academy, where he had four miniatures in 1845 and six in 1846. He also painted landscapes and figure subjects in water-colours, and this led to his election in ​1847 as an associate, and in 1848 as a full member, of the New Society of Painters in Water-Colours. He then gave up miniature painting, and about the same time removed to London; thenceforward he contributed regularly to the annual exhibitions of the New Society, afterwards the Royal Institute, of Painters in Water-Colours, of which he became vice-president in 1884. He occasionally painted in oil-colours, and sent a picture, entitled 'Carrying Peat,' to the Royal Academy in 1879. His water-colour drawings met with considerable success, and three of them, 'Tynemouth,' ' Coast of Devon, Gleaners Returning,' and 'Hellersdon Wood, Devonshire,' are in the South Kensington Museum.
Mole died at 7 Guilford Place, Russell Square, London, on 13 Dec. 1886, aged 72, and was buried in Brompton cemetery.
[Athenæum, 1886, ii. 833; Catalogue of the National Gallery of British Art at South Kensington, 1893; Royal Academy Exhibition Catalogues, 1845-79; Exhibition Catalogues of the New Society (afterwards Royal Institute) of Painters in Water-Colours, 1847-87.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gyles, Henry

​GYLES or GILES, HENRY (1640?–1709), glass painter, born about 1640, was fifth child of E[dmund?] Gyles, and resided in Micklegate, York. To him is due the revival of the art of pictorial glass painting, which had become quite extinct in England. His earliest dated window is the large west window of the Guildhall at York, painted in 1682. His best known work is the east window in the chapel of University College, Oxford, presented by Dr. Radcliffe in 1687. Gyles also presented some stained glass for the hall of the same college. He executed works for Wadham College, Oxford, and also for Trinity College and St. Catharine Hall at Cambridge. In 1700 he painted a large window for Lord Fairfax at Denton, Yorkshire. There were some figures painted by Gyles in the grammar school at Leeds, but these were disposed of in 1784 to a local antiquary. Gyles was a friend and correspondent of Ralph Thoresby [q. v.], the antiquary, whose diary and correspondence contain frequent allusions to him. His declining years were marred by ill-health, discontent, and domestic dissensions. In October 1709 he died at his house in York, and was buried in the church of St. Martin-cum-Gregory. Gyles was not particularly successful in colour or design, and little of his work can now be appreciated, owing to the perishable enamels which he employed. Francis Place [q. v.],Gyles's friend and fellow-citizen, engraved his portrait in mezzotint (copied by W. Richardson, and again for Walpole's 'Anecdotes of Painting'), and there is an interesting crayon drawing of him by his own hand in the print room at the British Museum.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gyles, Mascal

​GYLES, MASCAL (d. 1652), polemic, was vicar of Ditchling, Sussex, from 1621 till about 1644. In 1648 he became vicar of Wartling, also in Sussex, as appears by an order of the House of Lords, 2 March of that year. Gyles was buried at Wartling 14 Aug. 1652. By Sarah his wife (d. 1640) he had a numerous family of sons and daughters. Gyle's was engaged in a controversy, carried on with the usual personalities and violent invective of the period, with Thomas Barton [q. v.], rector of Westmeston in Sussex, as to the propriety of bowing at the name of Jesus.
He wrote: 1. 'A Treatise against Superstitious Jesu-Worship. Wherein the true sense of Phil. ii. 9, 10, is opened, and from thence is plainly shewed, and by sundry arguments proved, that corporell bowing at the name Jesu is neither commanded, grounded, nor warranted thereupon,' &c., dedicated to Anthony Stapley, M.P. for Sussex, London, 1642, 4to, reprinted with Barton's reply, 1643. 2. 'A Defense of a Treatise against Superstitious Jesu-Worship, falsely called scandalous, against the truly scandalous Answer of the Parson of Westmenston [sic] in Sussex,' &c., dedicated to the House of Commons, London, 1643, 4to.
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Haast, John Francis Julius von

1904 Errata appended.
​HAAST, Sir JOHN FRANCIS JULIUS von (1824–1887), geologist and explorer, was born at Bonn in Germany on 1 May 1824. After studying at the university of his native town, where he received some training in natural science, he travelled extensively over Europe, in order mainly to increase his knowledge of ​geology and art. In 1858 he sailed to New Zealand, and there, acting as assistant to Professor Hochstetter, the geologist, he was appointed in 1859 by the provincial government to explore the south-western part of Nelson, and report upon the geology and natural history. He performed the work successfully in nine months,notwithstanding considerable danger, and discovered coal and gold fields. In 1861 he was appointed surveyor-general for the province of Canterbury, and soon afterwards started an exploration of the interior, which occupied ten years. He thus discovered the 'Southern Alps of New Zealand,' and drew up some valuable maps to illustrate the geology and topography of the country explored,which gained for him the honour of the Royal Geographical Society's gold medal. His principal book, the 'Geology of the Provinces of Canterbury and Westland,' was published in 1879 at Auckland. In 1866 he founded the Canterbury Museum, and, as a director, took an active interest in its conduct and success till his death. He also had a share in the success of the university of New Zealand, in which he was professor of geology and member of the senate. As a man of science Haast has frequently been quoted as a special authority on glaciation. In 1867 he was elected fellow of the Royal Society, and, having been appointed one of the commissioners to the Indian and Colonial Exhibition of 1885, he was knighted by the queen in acknowledgment of his public services. Haast died of heart disease at Wellington, New Zealand, on 15 Aug. 1887.
[Athenæum, 27 Aug. 1887; Annual Register, 1887; Men of the Time.]
R. E. A.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.143 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Habershon, Matthew

​HABERSHON, MATTHEW (1789–1852), architect, born in 1789, came of a Yorkshire family. In 1806 he was articled to William Atkinson, architect, with whom he remained for some years as assistant. He was an occasional exhibitor at the Royal Academy between 1807 and 1827. He designed churches at Belper (1824), Minster, Bishop Ryders (all in Derbyshire), and at Kimberworth, Yorkshire. At Derby he erected the town hall, since burnt down, the county courts, and the market. Among the many private houses designed by him were Hadsor House, near Droitwich, Worcestershire, for J. Howard Galton (1827). In behalf of the London Society for Promoting Christianity among the Jews—an object which deeply interested him—he visited Jerusalem in 1842 to arrange for the erection of the Anglican cathedral and buildings connected with the mission. The cathedral is described in Johns's 'Illustrations of the Anglican Catholic Church of S. James, Mount Sion, Jerusalem,' fol., London, 1844. On his way home in 1843 Habershon had an interview with the king of Prussia, who was associated with England in the establishment of the bishopric of Jerusalem, and in the following year the king conferred on him the great gold medal for science and literature, to mark his appreciation of Habershon's work on 'The Ancient half-timbered Houses of England' [thirty-six plates, with descriptive letterpress], fol., London, 1836. Habershon' died in London in 1852, and was buried in Abney Park cemetery. Two of his sons, William Gilbee and Edward, were architects. Habershon's other writings were:
* 'A Dissertation on the Prophetic Scriptures, chiefly those of a chronological character, showing their aspect on the present times, and on the destinies of the Jewish Nation,' 8vo, London, 1834; 2nd edit. 1840.
* 'A Guide to the Study of Chronological Prophecy, selected and abridged from … a Dissertation on the Prophetic Scriptures,' &c., 12mo, London, 1835.
* 'Premillennial Hymns,' 12mo, London, 1836; 2nd edit. 1841.
* 'An Epitome of Prophetic Truth, containing a brief Outline of … Prominent Subjects of Prophecy,' 16mo, London, 1841.
* 'An Historical Exposition of the Prophecies of the Revelation of St. John, showing their connection with those of Daniel, and of the Old Testament in general, particularly in their aspect on the present times, 12mo, London, 1841; 2nd edit. 2 vols. 1844.
* 'Two remarkable Signs of the Times, viewed in connexion with Prophecy. First, Reasons for believing the Death of the Duke of Orleans to be the first Thunder; second, An Account of the West London Synagogue of British Jews.… Forming an Appendix to the third edition of "A Dissertation on the Prophetic Scriptures,'" 12mo, London, 1842.
* 'The Shadows of the Evening; or the Signs of the Lord's speedy Return,' 12mo, London, 1845. He also wrote a memoir of the younger C. Daubuz, prefixed to the latter's 'Symbolical Dictionary,' 12mo, 1842.
[W.G.Habershon in Dict. of Architecture (Architect. Publ. Soc.), iv. 1-2; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists, 1878, p. 191; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gylby, Goddred

​GYLBY, GODDRED (fl. 1561), translator. [See under Gilby, Anthony, d. 1585.]