OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/John N. Irwin

​ JOHN N. IRWIN was born in Ohio, in 1847. His early education was secured in the public schools of that State, and later he attended the Miami University. After the close of the Civil War he went to Dartmouth College where he graduated in the class of 1867. He came with his father's family to Iowa, making his home in Keokuk where they engaged in mercantile business. At seventeen years of age he enlisted in the Union army. In 1875 he was elected Representative in the House of the Sixteenth General Assembly, serving one term. In 1883 Mr. Irwin was appointed by President Arthur, Governor of Idaho Territory. After returning to Keokuk he was elected mayor. In 1890 he was appointed by President Harrison Governor of the Territory of Arizona. In 1899 President McKinley tendered him the position of American minister to Portugal which he accepted, resigning after about a year's service, returning to his home in Keokuk.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/John P. Irish

[John P. Irish]
​ JOHN P. IRISH was born in Iowa City on the 1st of January, 1843. He received a common school education but at the early age of seventeen had made such progress as to become a teacher. When he had reached the age of twenty-one he assumed the editorial management of the Iowa City Press and developed such ability both as a writer and public speaker that he was soon recognized as one of the leaders of the Democratic party of the State. In 1887 he was elected to represent Johnson County in the House of the Eleventh General Assembly and was twice reëlected, serving six years. He had, as a teacher, seen the harm of electing members of school boards on a partisan ticket, and was the author of the law changing the time of electing school officers from the general to a special election, thus taking their election out of partisan politics. His bill also authorized the directors to choose a president outside of their own number. This ​salutary change in the law destroyed the partisan character of school boards. The reform was commended by the National Commissioner of Education and is referred to at length by Professor Parker in his “History of the Public School System of Iowa.” While a member of the Legislature Mr. Irish secured an addition to the endowment fund of the State University and having been elected one of the regents of that institution, was largely instrumental in securing the establishment of the Law and Medical Departments. In 1868 Mr. Irish was the Democratic candidate for Congress in the Fourth District but the Republican majority was too large to be overcome. In 1877 he was nominated by the Democratic State Convention for Governor and made a vigorous campaign but was defeated by Governor Gear. Mr. Irish was long one of the trustees of the Soldiers' Orphans' Home. He removed to California, where he was for many years president of the board of directors of the State Home of the Adult Blind of which institution he was one of the founders. In 1896 Mr. Irish was one of the National leaders in organizing the political movement which resulted in the formation of the “Gold Standard” Democracy, which separated from the regular, or Bryan Democratic party, and supported another candidate for President. He was actively engaged in the campaign as a public speaker in several States and was a member of the executive committee of the Monetary Congress organized in 1897 to promote the permanent establishment of the gold standard. In 1894 Mr. Irish was appointed Naval Officer of Customs at San Francisco, which position he held at the close of the Nineteenth Century.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/John P. Cook

​ JOHN P. COOK, one of the pioneers of Iowa, was born in Whiteside, Oneida County, New York, August 31, 1817. His education was acquired in the public schools and at an early age he began the study of law. In 1830 he went west first stopping at the frontier village of Davenport in the “Black Hawk Purchase.” He was admitted to the bar and began to practice in Tipton, Cedar County and in 1842 he was elected to the Council of the Territorial Assembly from the District composed of the counties of Cedar, Jones and Linn. He served through the term of four years, in two regular and one extra session. In 1848 he was elected to the State Senate and was one of the leading members of the Second and Third General Assemblies. Soon after the expiration of his term, Mr. Cook moved to Davenport and entered into partnership with his brother, Ebenezer, in the practice of law. Soon after he became a member of the banking firm of Cook and Sargent which established banks at Iowa City, Des Moines and Florence, Nebraska. In 1852 Mr. Cook was nominated by the Whigs of the Second District for Representative in Congress. The District then embraced the entire north half of the State and his Democratic competitor was Lincoln Clark then a member of Congress. Mr. Cook was elected by a majority of five hundred seventy-three and served but one term. When the Whig party disappeared Mr. Cook became a Democrat. He died in Davenport on the 16th of April, 1872.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/John R. Needham

​JOHN R. NEEDHAM was born on the 18th of December, 1824, in Washington, Ohio. He received a good education, studied law and was admitted to the bar at Cambridge, Ohio. In 1849 he came to Iowa, taking up his residence in Mahaska County, where he first engaged in teaching. On the 2d of July, 1850, Mr. Needham and Mr. McNeeley issued the first newspaper ever published in that county under the name of the Iowa Herald. The name was afterwards changed to the Oskaloosa Herald. In 1852 Mr. Needham was nominated by the Whigs for State Senator and elected, serving four years as one of the most influential members of that body. In 1857 he was nominated by the Republicans for member of the convention to frame a new Constitution but declined the position. In 1861 he was elected on the Republican ticket Lieutenant-Governor of the State and was an able and popular President of the Senate. In 1867 he was again elected to the State Senate for four years but died on the 9th of July, 1868. He was a life-long member of the Methodist Episcopal church.
# Herbert

United States Supreme Court
14 U.S. 298
Herbert
APPEAL from the circuit court for the district of Maryland. The libel filed by the captors, in this case, in the district court, alleged, that the goods for which condemnation was sought, were captured and taken out of a Spanish vessel. No claim was filed for the goods in either of the courts below. But, upon the hearing, the district court dismissed the libel, upon the ground, that the property, to whomsoever belonging, was protected by the 15th article of the treaty of 1795 with Spain, by which, free ships make free goods; and this decree was affirmed, upon the same principle, in the circuit court. The captors brought the cause, by appeal, to this court; and a motion was made by Winder, in behalf of Elry Herbert, an asserted claimant, to be admitted to file a claim in this court.
March 18th.
STORY, J., delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Herbert West: Reanimator

A short story written between October 1921 and June 1922. It was first serialized in February through July 1922 in the amateur publication Home Brew.
    Warning: template has been deprecated.
Herbert West: Reanimator
By H. P. LOVECRAFT
Contents
* Part I: From The Dark
* Part II: The Plague-Demon
* Part III: Six Shots By Moonlight
* Part IV: The Scream of the Dead
* Part V: The Horror From the Shadows
* Part VI: The Tomb-Legions
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1937, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 86 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Herbert/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Wikipedia article
We have considered this question with a view to the general rules of practice. Whenever a prize is brought to adjudication in the admiralty, if, upon the hearing of the cause upon the ship's papers, and the evidence taken in preparatory, the property appears to belong to enemies, it is immediately condemned. If its national character appear doubtful, or even neutral, and no claim is interposed, the court do not proceed to a final decree, but the cause is postponed, with a view to enable any person, having title, to assert it, within a reasonable time, before the court. This reasonable time has been, by the general usage of nations, fixed to a year and a day after the institution of the prize proceedings; and if no claim be interposed within that period, the property is deemed to be abandoned, and is condemned to the captors for contumacy and default of the supposed owner. In the present case the prescribed period had not elapsed at the time when the district court proceeded to decree a dismissal of the libel. A claim cannot, by the practice of this court, be for the first time interposed here. In prize causes this court can exercise only an appellate jurisdiction, and between parties who have litigated in the court below. We are all, therefore, of opinion that this cause ought to be remanded to the circuit court, with directions to allow the claim to be filed in that court; and, also, to allow the libel to be amended so as to conform to the general allegation of prize, and enable the captors to obtain condemnation of the property, if the asserted claim shall not be sustained, and the property shall not appear entitled to the protection of the Spanish treaty.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Gitanjali/10

10
Here is thy footstool and there rest thy feet where live the poorest, and lowliest, and lost.
When I try to bow to thee, my obeisance cannot reach down to the depth where thy feet rest among the poorest, and lowliest, and lost
Pride can never approach to where thou walkest in the clothes of the humble among the poorest, and lowliest, and lost.
My heart can never find its way to where thou keepest company with the companionless among the poorest, the lowliest, and the lost.
# Gitanjali

GITANJALI
(SONG OFFERINGS)
BY
RABINDRANATH TAGORE
A COLLECTION OF PROSE TRANSLATIONS MADE BY THE AUTHOR FROM THE ORIGINAL BENGALI
WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY
W. B. YEATS
MACMILLAN AND CO., LIMITED
ST. MARTIN'S STREET, LONDON
1913
COPYRIGHT
Formerly issued (1912) in a limited Edition by the India Society First published by Macmillan & Co. March 1913 Reprinted April, May, June, July (twice), September October (three times), November (twice), and December (twice) 1913
TO
WILLIAM ROTHENSTEIN
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1941, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 82 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Gitanjali/1

1
Thou hast made me endless, such is thy pleasure. This frail vessel thou emptiest again and again, and fillest it ever with fresh life.
This little flute of a reed thou hast carried over hills and dales, and hast breathed through it melodies eternally new.
At the immortal touch of thy hands my little heart loses its limits in joy and gives birth to utterance ineffable.
Thy infinite gifts come to me only on these very small hands of mine. Ages pass, and still thou pourest, and still there is room to fill.
# Girouard v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Girouard v. United States, 328 U.S. 61 (1946), was a case decided by the Supreme Court of the United States. It concerned a pacifist applicant for naturalization who in the interview declared not to be willing to fight for the defense of the United States. The case questioned a precedent set by United States v. Schwimmer in 1929 that denied an applicant entry to the United States because of her pacifist stance. Girouard v. United States overturned that precedent by voting in favor of Girouard's religious freedom through allowing him to uphold his Seventh Day Adventist beliefs. Warning: template has been deprecated.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Stone
United States Supreme Court
328 U.S. 61
Girouard v. United States
Argued: March 4, 1946. --- Decided: April 22, 1946
Messrs. Homer Cummings and William D. Donnelly, both of Washington D.C., for petitioner.
Mr. Frederick Bernays Wiener, of Providence, R.I., for respondent.
Mr. Justice DOUGLAS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/Thaddeus H. Stanton

​ THADDEUS H. STANTON was born in the State of Indiana in 1835. He came to Iowa in 1851, taking up his residence at Mount Pleasant where he became editor of an antislavery paper. Later he removed to Washington in this State and was for several years editor of the Washington Press, a Republican paper. He was correspondent of the New York Herald at the beginning of the Rebellion but enlisted and served three months. In October, 1861, he was elected to the House of the Ninth General Assembly and served through the regular and extra sessions. After the close of his term he reëntered the military service and at the close of the war was appointed paymaster with the rank of major in the regular army. He held this position for twenty years and was successively promoted, reaching the rank of Brigadier-General. At the close of the Spanish war he retired from active service.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/Thomas Bowman

​ THOMAS BOWMAN was born at Wiscasset, Lincoln County, Maine, May 25, 1848. He came to Iowa in 1868, making his home at Council Bluffs, where he engaged in commercial business. In 1875 he was elected treasurer of Pottawattamie County and was twice reëlected, serving six years. He was chosen mayor of Council Bluffs in 1882 and in 1885 was appointed postmaster, serving until 1889. In 1883 he acquired a controlling interest in the Council Bluffs Globe, a Democratic daily of which he assumed the editorial management. He was nominated by the Democrats ​of the Ninth District for representative in Congress in 1890 and was elected over Judge J. R. Reed, the Republican candidate, by a plurality of 1,285. He was not a candidate for reëlection, serving but one term.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/Theodore B. Perry

[T. B. Perry]
​ THEODORE B. PERRY was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, April 1, 1832, and acquired his education in the common schools of that city. He came to Iowa in 1850, locating at Burlington. For several years he taught school in the counties of Wapello, Polk, Warren, Madison and Monroe. During these years he read law and was admitted to the bar at Albia in 1854. This became his permanent home where he has since followed his profession. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Monroe County in 1854. In 1858 he was chosen a member of the State Board of Education, serving three terms, or during the entire period of its existence. Among his colleagues on the board, he was associated with Governor Ralph P. Lowe, Samuel J. Kirkwood, Nicholas J. Rusch, Oran Faville and John R. Needham. In 1891 he was elected to the State Senate from the district consisting of the counties of Monroe and Marion, serving in the Twenty-fourth and Twenty-fifth General Assemblies. He was an influential member of the Senate and the author of some of the most important legislation during his term of service. Mr. Perry has been a life-long Democrat and one of the trusted leaders of his party in Iowa.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/Theodore W. Burdick

​ THEODORE W. BURDICK was born at Evansburg, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, October 7, 1836. He received a liberal education and came with his father to Iowa in 1853, taking up his residence at Decorah. In 1854 he was appointed deputy treasurer of the county and later was elected recorder and treasurer, serving until 1862 when he resigned to raise a company for the Union Army. He was appointed Captain of Company D, Sixth Iowa Cavalry, where he served three years in the Department of the Northwest against the Indians. At the close of the war he returned to Decorah and became cashier of the First National Bank. In 1876 he was elected to Congress from the Third District on the Republican ticket, serving but one term.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/Thomas Baker

* [ 12 ]THOMAS BAKER, a notable pioneer of Iowa, was born in Muskingum County, Ohio, in 1810 and was appointed colonel of a regiment of
* militia when but nineteen years of age. He studied law, was admitted to the bar and, in 1836, came to the “Black Hawk Purchase” and made a claim many miles beyond the nearest settlement in Slaughter County. He was driven out by the Indians and his cabin burned. He returned to his claim in 1838. In August, 1841, he was elected to the House of the Fourth Legislative Assembly and reëlected to the Sixth, serving through one extra and two regular sessions. He moved to Polk County in 1845 and the following year was elected to the Senate of the First General Assembly of the State from the district composed of the counties of Polk, Dallas, Jasper and Marion. Upon the organization of the Senate Mr. Baker was chosen President, becoming the first presiding officer of that body. He was a stanch Democrat and his party had a majority in the Senate, while the Whigs controlled the House. Party feeling was intense as the first United States Senators were to be chosen. Neither party had a clear majority on joint ballot, as there were several independent members. After one ballot without a choice, the Senate refused to meet the House in joint convention and the session ended without electing Senators. During all of the bitter contest Mr. Baker presided with such fairness as to win the respect and confidence of every member of the Senate, which gave him a unanimous vote of approval just before adjournment. He was a Democratic candidate for judge of the Fifth District in 1849, but was defeated. In 1850 Mr. Baker removed to California where he served in the Legislature
* [ 13 ]and was for many years Receiver of the United States Land Office. He died in November, 1872.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/Sylvester G. Hill

​ SYLVESTER G. HILL was born on the 10th of June, 1820, in Washington County, Rhode Island. He received an academic education at Greenwich. In 1840 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he engaged in the lumber business. In 1849 he went to California with the great emigration of gold seekers. Failing to find profitable business, he came the following year to Iowa, locating at Muscatine. In July, 1862, he recruited a company of volunteers of which he was chosen captain. In August his company was assigned to the Thirty-fifth Regiment of Volunteer Infantry. On the 10th of August he was promoted to colonel of the regiment. He led it in the Vicksburg campaign and McPherson's expedition to Brownsville and was also in the Red River campaign under Banks and later served with Sherman. In the Battle of Nashville, fought in December, Colonel Hill commanded a brigade and while making a gallant charge on the enemy's works, was shot through the head and instantly killed.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/Talton E. Clark

​ TALTON E. CLARK was born in Nicholasville, Kentucky, October 18, 1845. He attended the Richmond High School, of which his father was principal, until 1854 when the family removed to Booneville, Missouri, where his education was continued in Shelby College. In 1867 the family came to Iowa, locating at Clarinda, where Mr. Clark studied law for three years with Hon. William P. Hepburn and was admitted to the bar. He became a well-known and successful lawyer in that section of the State and in 1881 was elected to the State Senate on the Republican ticket, serving by reëlection in the Nineteenth, Twentieth, Twenty-first and Twenty-second General Assemblies. He was for six years chairman of the Senate committee for the suppression of intemperance and was the author of important amendments to the prohibitory liquor law rendering its enforcement much more effective. He died at Los Angeles, California, April 20, 1902.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/Sylvester G. Matson

​ SYLVESTER G. MATSON was born in Middlesex, Vermont, March 5, 1808. His boyhood was spent on a New England farm where he secured a liberal education and became a teacher. He graduated in the Medical Department of the State University and became a practicing physician. In 1845 he removed to Iowa Territory, locating near Anamosa. In 1846 he was elected a member of the convention which framed the Constitution under which Iowa became a State. He was the same year chosen a member of the House of the First General Assembly and helped to frame the first laws for the government of the new State. He was chairman of the committee on schools and reported the bill which provided for a State University. Mr. Matson was influential in framing the first school laws and was chosen a trustee of the State University. As a legislator he left the impress of his early work upon the permanent laws of the State. He was a Democrat up to the time of the organization of the Republican party when he united with it in opposition to slavery. He died on the 5th of February, 1898.