OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Childe, James Warren

James Waring Childe in the ODNB.
​CHILDE, JAMES WARREN (1780–1862), miniature painter, first appears as an exhibitor in the Royal Academy in 1798. In that year he was residing at 29 Compton Street, Soho, and seems to have been a brother of Elias Childe [q. v.], who resided at the same place. His first exhibited works were landscapes, chiefly taken from London and the immediate neighbourhood. He first appears as a miniature painter in 1815, and seems to have thenceforth adopted that particular line exclusively. From that year to 1853 he was a constant exhibitor of miniatures at the Royal Academy, and also at the Suffolk Street gallery. Most of his exhibited works were portraits of best known and most. popular actors and actresses of the day. His own children were also favourite subjects, some of whom also adopted art as a profession. Childe resided the greater part of his life at 39 Bedford Street, Covent Garden, and died at Searsdale Terrace, Kensington, on 19 Sept. 1862, aged 82.
[Redgrave's Dict. of English Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1880; Cat. of the Royal Academy and Society of British Artists; Times, 23 Sept. 1862.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chillester, James

​CHILLESTER, JAMES (fl. 1571), translator, published 'A Most Excellent Hystorie, of the Institution . . . of Christian Princes, and the Originall of Kingdomes: Whereunto is annexed a treatise of Peace and Warre, and another of the Dignitie of Mariage ... First written in Latin by Chilidonius Tigurinus, after translated into French by Peter Bonaisteau of Naunts in Brittaine, and now englished by Iames Chillester, Londoner. . . . London, H. Bynneman, dwelling in Knightrider streat, at the signe of the Mermayd,' 1571, 4to, black letter. On the back of the title-page are the arms of the queen, to whom the book is dedicated, and four lines of poetry.
[Chillester's A Most Excellent Hystorie, in the British Museum; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (Herbert), 971.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Childerley, John

​CHILDERLEY, JOHN (1565–1645), divine, son of Ellis Childerley, a turner, was educated at Merchant Taylors' School, which he entered in 1575, and at St. John’s College, Oxford, where he graduated D.D. in 1603. He was for a time chaplain to the English colony in Stade, Hamburg, and subsequently chaplain to archbishops Bancroft and Abbott. He also held the rectories of St. Mary Woolnoth and St. Dunstan's-in-the-East in London, and that of Shenfield in Essex. The latter was sequestered by the parliament in 1643. He died in 1645.
[Robinson’s Merchant Taylors’ Reg. i. 25; Wood’s Fasti (Bliss), i. 300.]
J. M. R.
# Debs v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* related authors: Eugene Victor Debs.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Debs v. United States, 249 U.S. 211 (1919), was a United States Supreme Court decision that upheld the Espionage Act of 1917. Warning: template has been deprecated.
United States Supreme Court
249 U.S. 211
Debs v. United States
Argued: Jan. 27 and 28, 1919. --- Decided: March 10, 1919
Mr. Seymour Stedman, of Chicago, Ill., for plaintiff in error.
Mr. John Lord O'Brian, of Buffalo, N. Y., for the United States.
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Debt

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Debt."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The Debt, a poem by Paul Laurence Dunbar
* The Debt, a poem by Edward Verrall Lucas
* The Debt, a short story by Guy de Maupassant
* "The Debt," a short story by Alan Sullivan
* Debt, a poem by Sara Teasdale
* The Debt, by Edith Wharton
# Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench

This work was published annually from 1867 to 1931. The title of some volumes is "Debrett's Illustrated House of Commons and the Judicial Bench". Certain volumes of this work are in the public domain in the United States because they were published before 1929. This work was edited by Dr Robert Henry Mair (1832-1888) from the first volume to his death.
Annual volumes:
* Debrett's Illustrated House of Commons and the Judicial Bench 1867
* 1870 External scan
* 1872 External scan
* 1881 External scan
* 1886 External scan
* 1901 External scan
* 1916 External scan
* 1918 External scan
* 1922 External scan
# Debt (Teasdale)

* Teasdale, Sara (1915), "Debt" in Rivers to the Sea.
* Teasdale, Sara (1917), "Debt" in Love Songs.
# Debt Limit Letter to Congress by Janet L. Yellen to Nanci Pelosi

department of the treasury washington, d.c.
Secretary of the Treasury
November 16, 2021
The Honorable Nancy Pelosi Speaker U.S. House of Representatives Washington, DC 20515
Dear Madam Speaker:
I am writing to provide an update regarding the Treasury Department’s ability to continue to finance the operations of the federal government under the constraints of the debt limit.
In my October 18 letter to you, I noted that the recent $480 billion increase in the debt limit provided a high degree of confidence that Treasury would be able to finance the U.S. government through December 3, 2021. Based on our most recent information, I am now able to further refine that projection.
Yesterday, the President signed the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, which appropriates $118 billion for the Highway Trust Fund. Under 26 U.S.C. § 9601, these funds must be transferred into the Highway Trust Fund within one month after the enactment of the legislation, and the transfer will be completed on December 15. Promptly thereafter, the funds will be invested in nonmarketable Treasury securities subject to the debt limit. While I have a high degree of confidence that Treasury will be able to finance the U.S. government through December 15 and complete the Highway Trust Fund investment, there are scenarios in which Treasury would be left with insufficient remaining resources to continue to finance the operations of the U.S. government beyond this date. As the federal government’s cash flow is subject to unavoidable variability, I will continue to update Congress as more information becomes available.
To ensure the full faith and credit of the United States, it is critical that Congress raise or suspend the debt limit as soon as possible.
* Sincerely,
* Janet L. Yellen
| | The Honorable Kevin McCarthy, House Republican Leader The Honorable Charles E. Schumer, Senate Majority Leader The Honorable Mitch McConnell, Senate Republican Leader |
| cc: | The Honorable Richard E. Neal, Chairman, House Committee on Ways and Means The Honorable Kevin Brady, Ranking Member, House Committee on Ways and Means The Honorable Ron Wyden, Chairman, Senate Committee on Finance The Honorable Mike Crapo, Ranking Member, Senate Committee on Finance |
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Debrett's Illustrated House of Commons and the Judicial Bench 1867

This is the annual volume of Debrett's House of Commons and the Judicial Bench for 1867. External scan of this volume from Google Books.
PUBLISHED ANNUALLY
DEBRETT'S ILLUSTRATED
HOUSE OF COMMONS,
AND THE
JUDICIAL BENCH.
1867.
COMPILED AND EDITED BY
Robert Henry Mair.
Personally Revised by the Members of Parliament and the Judges.
LONDON: DEAN & SON, 65 LUDGATE HILL, E. C.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blakeway, John Brickdale

​BLAKEWAY, JOHN BRICKDALE (1765–1826), topographer, was the eldest son of Joshua Blakeway, of Shrewsbury, by Elizabeth, sister of Matthew Brickdale, M.P. in several parliaments for the city of Bristol. He was born at Shrewsbury on 24 June 1765, and educated in the free school there. In 1775 he was removed to Westminster, at which school he remained till 1782, when he proceeded to Oriel College, Oxford (B.A. 1786, M.A. 1795). On leaving the university he entered at Lincoln's Inn, and was called to the bar in 1789. He followed the law more as an amusement than as a necessary means of support, and began to go the Oxford circuit. Suddenly he found his hereditary expectations destroyed, and he was compelled to provide himself with an income by his own exertions. In these circumstances the expensive profession of the law was no longer to be thought of. He resolved to enter the church, and was ordained in 1793.
In 1794 he was presented by his uncle, the Rev. Edward Blakeway, to the ministry of the Royal Peculiar of St. Mary's, Shrewsbury, and on his uncle's death he became official of the peculiar, and also succeeded him in the vicarage of Neen Savage, Shropshire, and in the rectory of Felton, Somersetshire. In 1800 he was presented to the vicarage of Kinlet. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in 1807. From 1800 till 1816 he divided his time between Kinlet and Shrewsbury, but, finding it inconvenient to keep up two houses, he gave up Felton and Kinlet in that year, and thenceforward resided exclusively in his native town. He died at the council house, Shrewsbury, on 10 March 1826, and was buried in St. Mary's Church, where a fine Gothic monument, executed by John Carline, was erected to his memory by his parishioners.
His works are:
* 'An Attempt to ascertain the Author of the Letters published under the signature of Junius,' Shrewsbury, 1813, 8vo. He ascribes the authorship of these famous letters to Horne Tooke.
* 'The Sequel of an Attempt to ascertain the Author of the Letters published under the signature of Junius,' London, 1815, 8vo.
* 'A History of Shrewsbury,' 2 vols., London, 1825, 4to. Written in collaboration with the Ven. Hugh Owen, F.S.A., archdeacon of Salop.
* 'The Sheriffs of Shropshire, with their armorial bearings, and notices, biographical and genealogical, of their families,' Shrewsbury, 1831, fol.
* Single sermons, and a tract on the subject of Regeneration.
[Salopian Journal. 15, 22, and 29 March 1826; Gent. Mag. xcvi. (i.) 277, 369; Leighton's Guide through the Town of Shrewsbury, 72, 73, 182; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blakey, Nicholas

​BLAKEY, NICHOLAS (fl. 1753), designer and engraver, was a native of Ireland, but resided chiefly in Paris, and died there. The dates of his birth and death are not recorded. He enjoyed a considerable reputation about the middle of the last century as an illustrator of books, and, amongst other works, designed and engraved the plates to Jonas Hanway's 'Travels in Persia,' 1753, and those to an edition of Pope's works. Blakey was associated with Francis Hayman, R.A., in the production of a set of prints of subjects from English history, of which the following bear his name only as the designer: 'The Landing of Julius Caesar,' 'Vortigem and Rowena,' and 'Alfred in the Island of Athelney receiving News of a Victory over the Danes;' these were engraved respectively by S. F. Ravenet, G. Scotin, and F. Vivares. One of Blakey's most graceful compositions is a vignette in the manner of Boucher, representing nymphs dancing under the influence of Love, engraved by John Ingram.
[Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists (1878); MS. notes in British Museum.]
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blakiston, John

​BLAKISTON, JOHN (1608–1649), regicide, was the son of Marmaduke Blakiston, prebendary of Durham. He was baptised on 21 Aug. 1603, and married in November 1626 Susan Chamber. He became a mercer in Newcastle, and prospered so well in his business that he was able to subscribe 900l. for the reconquest of Ireland (1642). Although his father was a strong high churchman, the friend and father-in-law of Cosin, and a noted pluralist (see Cosin's Correspondance, i. l85), John Blakiston became a puritan, and was, in 1636, cited before the High Commission Court for nonconformity, and for defaming the vicar of Newcastle (Records of ​High Commission Court in the Diocese of Durham (Surtees Society), p. 155). He was fined 100l. and excommunicated till he submitted. On 30 Jan. 1641 he was voted member for Newcastle in place of Sir J. Melton, whose election was annulled. When the Scots captured Newcastle he was also appointed mayor, in place of Sir John Marlay (Brand, p. 469). He suffered losses during the war, and was accordingly, on 3 June 1645, voted an allowance of 4l. a week, which was continued till 20 Aug. 1646. According to Noble he was also granted the sum of 14,000l. and given the post of coal meter at Newcastle, worth 200l. a year. Holles in his ' Memoirs ' describes Blakiston as one of the 'little northern beagles' set on to stir up public feeling against the Scots by exaggerating the contributions they had levied on the country. He was appointed one of the king's judges, was present at every sitting during the trial, and signed the death-warrant. In April 1649 the corporation of Newcastle found it necessary to write to the speaker to vindicate their representative from the charges brought against nim in the 'humble remonstrance' of George Lilbum. They praise Blakiston as 'unapt to cram himself with the riches of his ruined country, or seek after great things' (Tanner MSS. lvi. 22). He died shortly afterwards, for his will is dated 1 June 1649, and he is spoken of as deceased in the Commons Journals of 6 June. On 16 Aug. 1649 the house voted 3,000l. to provide for his widow and children.
[Brand's History of Newcastle; Surtees' History of Durham, iii. 165-402; Noble's account in his Lives of the Regicides is full of errors.]
C. H. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Blakeney, Richard Paul

​BLAKENEY, RICHARD PAUL (1820–1884), canon of York, was descended from an old Norfolk family, which had removed to Ireland before his birth. He was educated at Trinity College, Dublin, where he graduated B.A. in 1842, taking high honours in theology. In 1852 he proceeded LL.B. and LL.D. He became curate of St. Paul's, Nottingham, in 1843, vicar of Hyson Green, Nottinghamshire, in 1844, vicar of Christ Church, Claughton, Birkenhead, in January 1852, vicar of Bridlington in 1874, rural dean of Bridlington in 1876, and canon of York in 1882. The university of Edinburgh conferred on him the degree of D.D. in 1868. Blakeney died at Bridlington on 31 Dec. 1884. He was well known as a vigorous champion of evangelical doctrines in the church of England, and was the author of a large number of controversial books and tracts, which attained a wide circulation. The chief of these are: 1. 'Translation of the Moral Theology of Alphonsus Liguori,' 1845, 2nd ed. 1852. 2. 'A Manual of Romish Controversy, being a complete Refutation of the Creed of Pope Pius IV,' 1851 (this work is stated to have passed through ten editions). 3. 'Protestant Catechism, or Popery refuted and Protestantism established by the Word of God,' 1854. 4. 'History and Interpretation of the Book of Common Prayer,' 1865, 3rd ed. 1878.
[Times, 2 Jan. 1885; Men of the Time (11th ed.), 136; Crockford's Clerical Directory, 1883.]
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Christie, Thomas (1773-1829)

​CHRISTIE, THOMAS, M.D. (1773–1829), physician, was born at Carnwath, Lanarkshire, in 1773. After education in the university of Aberdeen, he entered the service of the East India Company as a surgeon to one of their regiments, and was sent to Trincomalee in 1797. He was made superintendent of military hospitals in 1800, and soon after head of the small-pox hospitals in Ceylon. The systematic introduction of vaccination into the island in 1802 and the general substitution of vaccination for inoculation were effected by Christie. He served in the Candian war of 1803, worked hard for several years at medical improvements in several parts of Ceylon, and returned from the East in February 1810, and immediately proceeded M.D. at Aberdeen. At the end of the same year Christie became a licentiate of the College of Physicians, at once began private practice at Cheltenham, and in 1811 published there ‘An Account of the Introduction, Progress, and Success of Vaccination in Ceylon.’ This, his only book, is based upon official reports and letters written during his residence in Ceylon. In 1799 and 1800, as in many previous years, small-pox raged throughout the island. The natives used to abandon their villages and the sick, and at Errore, Christie found the huts in ruins from the inroad of elephants, bears, and hogs which had trampled down all the fences and gardens, and had eaten the stores of grain and some of the bodies of the dead or dying. Inoculation was practised, but did not check the epidemics, and the native population was averse to it. After some unsuccessful efforts active vaccine lymph was obtained from Bombay, whither it had come from an English surgeon at Bagdad, by way of Bussorah. Christie at once began vaccination, and by continued care and perseverance spread the practice throughout the island, so that by 1806 small-pox only existed in one district, that of the pearl fishery, to which strangers continually reintroduced the disease. In the course of his labours Christie made the original observation that lepers are not exempt from small-pox, are protected by vaccination, and may be vaccinated without danger. In 1813, through the influence of his friend Sir Walter Farquhar, the physician, Christie was made physician extraordinary to the prince regent. He continued to practise at Cheltenham till his death on 11 Oct. 1829.
[Christie's Account of Vaccination in Ceylon, Cheltenham, 1811; Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, iii. 96; Cordiner's Description of Ceylon.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Christie, James (1730-1803)

​CHRISTIE, JAMES, the elder (1730–1803), auctioneer, resigned a commission in the navy for the employment of an auctioneer. His first sale took place on 5 Dec. 1766, at rooms in Pall Mall, formerly occupied by the print warehouse of Richard Dalton. On these premises the exhibitions of the Royal Academy of Arts were held until 1779. Christie afterwards moved next door to Gainsborough, who lived in the western wing of Schomburg House. He was of tall and dignified appearance, remarkable for eloquence and professional enthusiasm, and was intimate with Garrick, Reynolds, and Gainsborough, and other men of note. He died at his house in Pall Mall on 8 Nov. 1803, aged 73, and was buried at St. James’s burial-ground in the Hampstead Road. He was twice married, and of the first marriage had four sons, of whom the eldest, James [q. v.], succeeded him; the second, Charles, captain in the 5th regiment of Bengal Native Infantry, was killed (1812) in Persia during a Russian attack; the third, Albany, died in 1821; and Edward, the fourth, died a midshipman at Port Royal in Jamaica, 1821. Samuel Hunter Christie [q. v.] was his son by the second marriage.
[Information from Mr. James Christie; Chalcographimania, by Satiricus Sculptor, 1814. p. 5; Nichols’s Lit. Anecd. iii. 624; John Taylor’s Records of my Life, 1832, ii. 206-11; Leslie and Tom Taylor’s Life of Sir Joshua Reynolds, 1865, i. 180, 182, 316; Sandby’s History of the Royal Academy, 1862, 2 vols.; Wheatley’s Round about Piccadilly and Pall Mall, 1870; Under the Hammer: Christie’s (All the Year Round, 8 May 1875); A Chat about Christie’s (London Society, July 1871).]
H. R. T.
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Aristo Pellaeus

​Aristo Pellaeus, the supposed author of a lost dialogue between Papiscus and Jason, quoted, without his name, by Origen (cont. Celsus, iv. 52) and referred to by Eusebius (Hist. Eccl. iv. c. 6, pp. 145, 146); by Moses Chorenensis, in a history of Armenia (bk. ii. c. 57); and by Maximus, in his notes on the work de Mystica Theol., ascribed to Dionysius the Areopagite (c. i. p. 17, ed. Corderii) in these words, "I have also read the expression 'seven heavens' in the dialogue of Papiscus and Jason, composed by Aristo of Pella, which Clemens of Alexandria in the 6th book of his Hypotyposes says was written by St. Luke." This testimony is the only one connecting the name of Aristo with the dialogue, and though doubt has been thrown on its trustworthiness by its strange assertion that Clement attributed the work to St. Luke, Maximus is far less likely to be in error when simply giving the name of an author than when repeating another's words. Jason, a Jewish Christian, argues so conclusively that ​ the Messianic prophecies are fulfilled in our Lord that his opponent, the Jew Papiscus, begs to be baptized.
We cannot fix the date of this dialogue, except that it must have been written before the time of Celsus, i.e. before the middle of the 2nd cent.; and, if Aristo be its author, we see from Eusebius (l.c.) that he lived after the destruction of Jerusalem. It is referred to in a pseudo-Cyprianic Ep. Hartd. Opp. Cypr. iii. p. 119. If Maximus's information be correct, Clement's belief that St. Luke was the writer of the Dialogue shews at least that it must have been commonly assigned to a very early date (Routh, Rel. Sac. i. 91‒109; Harnack, Alt. Chr. Lit. i. 92 95‒97).
[S.M.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Arinthaeus

​Arinthaeus, a general under Valens, with whom St. Basil corresponds, and from whom he seeks protection for a friend in difficulty (Ep. 179). On his death Basil writes a letter of consolation to his widow, in which he dwells on his remarkable endowments, his striking personal beauty and strength, as well as his lofty character and renown. Like many others in that age, Arinthaeus, though a devout Christian and a protector of the Church, deferred his baptism till at the point of death (Ep. 269). He was consul in the year 372, and must have died before Basil (A.D. 379). If the story told by Theodoret (H. E. iv. 30) be true, that he was present and seconded the rebuke administered to Valens by the general Trajan in 378 for his persecution of the Catholics, his death cannot have preceded his friend's by many months. For his military achievements see Tillemont, Empereurs, v. 100.
[L.]