OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Basilius, bishop of Seleucia

​Basilius, bp. of Seleucia, in Isauria, and metropolitan, succeeded Dexianus, who attended the council at Ephesus, and therefore after 431. He is erroneously identified by Photius with the early friend of Chrysostom, who must have been considerably his senior (Tillemont, xv. p. 340). He is very unfavourably known from the vacillation he displayed with regard to the condemnation of Eutyches. He took a leading part in the council at Constantinople in 448, at which Eutyches was condemned; and the next year, when the fidelity of the acts of the council was called in question, was one of the commission appointed to verify them (Labbe, Concil. vol. iv. 182, 230). But at the "Robbers' Synod" held at Ephesus a few months later his courage gave way, and he acquiesced in the rehabilitation of Eutyches, and retracted his obnoxious language. Before long he returned to orthodoxy, and in 450 affixed his signature to the famous Tome of pope Leo, on the Incarnation. At the council of Chalcedon, 451, the imperial commissioners proposed his deposition, together with that of other prelates who had aided in restoring Eutyches. But Basil submitted, concurred in the condemnation of Eutyches, and his offence was condoned (ib. 553, 604, 787).
His extant works comprise 39 homilies (17 on O.T. and 22 on N.T. ), the titles and subjects being given by Fabricius, Bibl. Graec. lib. v. c. 19, 10. Four on John xi., published as his, prove to be the work of St. Chrysostom. A Homily on the Transfiguration was added to the series in the ed. of the Jesuit Dausqueius, in 1604. A prose work on The Life and Miracles of St. Thecla has been attributed to him; but not only does the style differ, and savour of a later age, but we learn from Photius that Basilius wrote St. Thecla's life in verse. Another supposititious work is the Demonstratio contra Judaeos, which appears in the Heidelberg ed. of 1596. Basil's homilies shew much oratorical power and skill in the use of figurative language. He does not lose ​ sight of perspicuity, but overburdens his style with metaphors. He not unfrequently reminds us of Chrysostom, though greatly his inferior in power. His homilies were first pub. in Gk. by Commelin, Lugd. Bat. 1596, 8vo; and in Latin by Claud. Dausqueius, 1604, 8vo. They are in the Bibl. Patr. Colon. v. and Lugd. Bat. viii. 1677. They were also printed at the end of the works of Gregory Thaumaturgus, Paris, 1672, fol. (Phot. Cod. 168 ; Tillemont, Mém. eccl. xv. 340, seq. et passim; Cave Hist. Litt. 441).
[E.V.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/B

* Babylas (1), bishop of Antioch
* Bachiarius
* Bardaisan
* Barnabas, Epistle of
* Barsumas (the Eutychian)
* Barsumas (the Nestorian)
* Basilides
* Basiliscus
* Basilius of Ancyra, also called Basilas
* Basilius of Ancyra, a presbyter
* Basilius, called Basil the Great
* Basilius, friend of Chrysostom
* Basilius of Cilicia
* Basilius, bishop of Seleucia
* Beda, more correctly Baeda, The Venerable
* Benedictus of Nursia
* Benedictus I., pope
* Bertha, wife of Ethelbert, king of Kent
* Beryllus, bishop of Bostra
* Blandina
* Boëthius, Anicius Manlius Severinus
* Bonifacius I.
* Bonifacius II.
* Bonosus
* Bosphorius
* Brigida (5), abbess of Kildare
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Bardaisan

​Bardaisan (Bardesanes). A Syrian theologian, commonly reckoned among Gnostics. Born at Edessa A.D. 155, and died there A.D. 222‒223. His theology as known to us is doubtless a mere fraction of his actual theology. His reception of the Pentateuch, which he seemed to contradict, is expressly attested, and there is no reason to suppose that he rejected the ordinary faith of Christians as founded on the Gospels and the writings of the apostles, except on isolated points. The more startling peculiarities of which we hear belong for the most part to an outer region of speculation, which it may easily have seemed possible to combine with Christianity, more especially with the undeveloped Christianity of Syria in the 3rd cent. The local colour is everywhere prominent. In passing over to the new faith, Bardaisan could not shake off the ancient glamour of the stars, or abjure the Semitic love of clothing thoughts in mythological forms. Scarcely anything survives of his writings, for a Dialogue concerning Fate, extant in Syriac under the title "Book of the Laws of the Countries," is by his disciple Philip. The 56 Hymns of Ephrem Syrus against Heresies are intended to refute the doctrines of Marcion, Bardaisan, and Mani, but Ephrem's criticism is harsh and unintelligent. On the whole, whatever might have come to Bardaisan through Valentinianism might as easily have come to him directly from the traditions of his race, and both alternatives are admissible. It is on any supposition a singular fact that the remains of his theology disclose no traces of the deeper thoughts which moved the Gnostic leaders. That he held a doctrinal position intermediate between them and the church is consistent with the circumstances of his life, but is not supported by any internal evidence. On this, as on many other points, we can only deplore our ignorance about a ​ person of singular interest.—(From H. in D. C. B. 4-vol. ed.; cf. Bardenhewer, p. 78.)
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Bachiarius

​Bachiarius, a monk, early in the 5th cent, author of two short treatises printed in the Biblioth. Vet. Patr. of Galland, vol. ix. and the Patrologia of Migne, vol. xx. He is commemorated by Gennadius (c. 24), who attributes to him several works, only one of which he acknowledges to have read—viz. the Libellus de Fide Apologeticus, to satisfy the bp. of Rome of his orthodoxy, who regarded him with suspicion on account of his being a native of a country tainted with heresy. What this country was there is nothing in his Libellus to determine. Bachiarius's profession of faith is thoroughly orthodox in all leading points. Its date is fixed approximately at about the middle of the 5th cent., by his denial of the tenets of Origen regarding the soul and the resurrection life, and those of Helvidius on the perpetual virginity of the Virgin (§ 3, 4), and by his omission of the Son when speaking of the procession of the Holy Ghost. This confession is an interesting document, and will repay perusal. It was first printed by Muratori (Anecd. Latin. ii. 939). He also wrote ad Januarium Liber de Reparatione Lapsi in behalf of a monk whom Januarius had expelled from the monastery of which he was the head for immorality with a nun. He rebukes Januarius and his monks for refusing to receive the monk again on his penitence.
Bachiarius has been confused by Cave, Bale, and others with Mochta, a disciple of St. Patrick. Tillemont, xvi. 473‒476; Cave, Hist. Lit. i. 429.
[E.V.]
# Dewing v. Sears

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
78 U.S. 379
Dewing v. Sears
IN error to the Superior Court of Massachusetts, the case being thus:
Sears brought suits in one of the State courts of Massachusetts to recover rent due in different quarters upon a lease executed August 14, 1828, for the term of one hundred years, in which the yearly rent reserved was 'four ounces, two pennyweights, and twelve grains of pure gold, in coined money,' payable quarterly. By the act of April 2, 1792, which was in force when the lease was made, the rent was just $80 per annum, or $20 a quarter, in gold coin. But by the act of June 28, 1834, and the act of January 18, 1837, which were in force when the rent sued for fell due, the rent was $85.27 per annum, or $21.31 a quarter, in gold coin.
The State court gave judgment for the market value, in United States notes, of the coined money for each quarter's rent on the days the same fell due, with interest thereon; and this judgment being affirmed in the highest court of the State, the cases were brought here for review.
Mr. Caleb Cushing submitted them on briefs of Mr. E. M. Bigelow, for the plaintiff in error; observing that the cases were not distinguishable from Bronson v. Rodes and Butler v. Horwitz; and that therefore the courts below should have given judgment for the rent and interest in coined money.
No opposing counsel.
Mr. Justice STRONG delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

* ↑ Ch. 16, § 9, 1 Stat. at Large, 248.
* ↑ Ch. 95, 4 Id. 699.
* ↑ Ch. 3, §§ 8 and 10; 5 Id. 137, 138.
* ↑ 7 Wallace, 229, 258.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dewey v. Reynolds Metals Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
402 U.S. 689
Dewey v. Reynolds Metals Co.
Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
No. 835. Argued: April 20-21, 1971 --- Decided: June 1, 1971
429 F. 2d 324, affirmed by an equally divided Court.
Donald F. Oosterhouse argued the cause and filed a brief for petitioner.
William A. Coughlin, Jr., argued the cause for respondent. With him on the brief was Fred R. Edney.
Deputy Solicitor General Wallace argued the cause for the United States as amicus curiae urging reversal. With him on the brief were Solicitor General Griswold, Assistant Attorney General Leonard, David L. Rose, Stanley P. Hebert, Julia P. Cooper, and George H. Darden.
Briefs of amici curiae urging reversal were filed by Nathan Lewin, Samuel Rabinove, and Sol Rankin for the National Jewish Commission on Law and Public Affairs et al., and by Paul S. Berger, Joseph B. Robison, and Beverly Coleman for the American Jewish Congress.
Milton A. Smith and Jay S. Siegel filed a brief for the Chamber of Commerce of the United States as amicus curiae urging affirmance.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dewey v. West Fairmont Gas Coal Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
123 U.S. 329
Dewey v. West Fairmont Gas Coal Company
Daniel Lamb, for Dewey and others.
Wm. P. Hubbard and J. W. Morrow, Jr., for Gas Coal Co.
[Argument of Counsel from page 330 intentionally omitted]
MATTHEWS, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dewing v. Perdicaries

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
96 U.S. 193
DEWING v. PERDICARIES.
APPEAL from the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of South Carolina.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. Philip Phillips and Mr. Edward McCrady for the appellants.
Mr. H. E. Young and Mr. W. D. Porter, contra.
MR. JUSTICE SWAYNE delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dewey v. Reynolds Metals Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Per Curiam Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
402 U.S. 689
Dewey v. Reynolds Metals Company
The judgment is affirmed by an equally divided Court.
Mr. Justice HARLAN took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dewey v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
178 U.S. 510
Dewey v. United States
Argued: April 10, 1900. --- Decided: May 28, 1900
Messrs. Wm. b. King, Benj. Micou, and H. A. Herbert for appellant.
Assistant Attorney General Pradt for appellee.
Mr. Justice Harlan delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baskerville, Hannibal

​BASKERVILLE, HANNIBAL (1597–1668), antiquary, the son of Sir Thomas Baskerville [q. v.], knight, commander of the English army in France, by Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Throgmorton, was born at Saint-Valéry, in Picardy, on 5 April 1597. He himself states: ‘I was christened by one Mr. Man, the preacher, and I had all the captains, about thirty-two, to be my godfathers, it being the custome so of the wars, when the generall hath a son (they say); but two only stood at the font or great bason: one was Sir Arthur Savage, the other I cannot remember his name.’ His father died when he was only nine weeks old. He was instructed under the care of Henry Peacham, ​author of the ‘Compleat Gentleman,’ and afterwards became a student of Brasenose College, Oxford. He travelled a good deal on the continent, and spent the latter part of his life on his estate at Sunningwell, Berkshire. Anthony à Wood, who visited him there in February 1658–9, found him to be a melancholy and retired man, and was told that he gave the third or fourth part of his estate to the poor. He was so great a cherisher of wandering beggars that he built for them a large place like a barn to receive them, and hung up a little bell at his back door for them to ring when they wanted anything. Indeed, he had been several times indicted at Abingdon sessions for harbouring beggars. This singular person was buried at Sunningwell on 18 March 1668. He had sixteen sons and two daughters by his wife, Mary, daughter of Captain Nicholas Baskerville, second brother of Sir Thomas Baskerville, general of the British forces in France.
In the Bodleian Library, among Dr. Rawlinson's manuscripts is ‘A Transcript of some writeings of Hanniball Baskervile esq.; as they were found scattered here & there in his manuscripts and books of account, and first a remembrance of some monuments and reliques in the church of St. Denniss and thereabouts in France by Hanniball Baskervyle who went into that country with an English ambassador in the reigne of King James.’ This manuscript contains several curious particulars relating to Oxford and the persons educated there.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barwick, John (fl.1340)

​BARWICK, JOHN (fl. 1340), theologian, took his name from Berwick, where he appears to have been born or brought up. From Berwick he seems to have removed to the Franciscan schools at Oxford, at which university he became a doctor of theology, and is enumerated as the twenty-second reader of divinity belonging to that order in the early years of the fourteenth century. He appears to have studied at Paris likewise; for we are told by Dempster and Bale that he also went by the name of Breulanlius; and this Breulanlius is mentioned towards the end of the fifteenth century by the all-accomplished Pico della Mirandula as resisting Roger Bacon and other philosophers, who seem to have advocated the study of astrology at the university of Paris. Leland also calls him the contemporary of William of Ockham, of whose doctrines, he adds, Barwick was a strenuous adherent. Bale states that he flourished about 1340; and he appears to have read divinity lectures at Oxford about the beginning of the fourteenth century. But this seems assigning rather a late date to an opponent of Roger Bacon. He was buried at Stamford.
His chief works were a commentary on Peter Lombard, and the treatise entitled ‘Super Astrologorum Prognosticis,’ which Bale praises highly. His other writings were on the ordinary mediæval scholastic subjects. Dempster gives a full list.
[Dempster's Hist. Eccles.; Bale, i. 413; Pits, 439; Angelus a Francesco's Certamen Seraphicum, 327; Brewer's Monumenta Franciscana, 552; Pico della Mirandula, In Astrologiam, lib. xii. c. 7.]
T. A. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Basham, William Richard

​BASHAM, WILLIAM RICHARD, M.D. (1804–1877), physician, was born at Diss. He was at first placed in a banking house, but, preferring the medical profession, he entered as a student at Westminster Hospital in 1831. In 1833 he went to Edinburgh, and took his M.D. degree in the following year. After this he made a voyage to China, where, in a skirmish on the Canton river, he received a wound in the leg. In 1843 he was appointed physician to the Westminster Hospital, and he devoted himself to the school, giving lectures on medicine until 1871. He directed his attention especially to the study of dropsy and renal disease, and he wrote much that was original and important in connection with these subjects. Of great physical energy and robust frame, he was a physician of much culture, skilled in chemistry and botany, and an excellent artist, the illustrations in his works being furnished by his own pencil.
He was the author of the following works: 1. ‘On Dropsy,’ 1858. 2. ‘On Renal Diseases,’ 1870. 3. ‘Aids to the Diagnosis of Diseases of the Kidney,’ 1872.
R. E. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Basevi, George

​BASEVI, GEORGE (1794–1845), architect, was born in London, and educated by Dr. Burney at Greenwich. He was the son of George Basevi, whose sister Maria married Isaac D'Israeli and was the mother of Benjamin Disraeli, Earl of Beaconsfield. In 1811 Basevi became a pupil of Sir John Soane; in 1816 he made a tour through Italy and Greece, returning three years later to England. In 1821 he was appointed surveyor to the Guardian Assurance Company, and was engaged at the same time upon two christian churches in a pagan style of art, St. Thomas's at Stockport, and St. Mary's at Greenwich. Between 1825 and 1840 he designed and superintended the building of the houses in Belgrave Square, those at the corners excepted. His most important public work is the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge, begun by him in 1837, continued by R. C. Cockerell, completed (1874) by E. M. Barry. During the progress of this building he erected a house of correction at Wisbeach, and enlarged the gaol at Ely. The Conservative Club House was his last important work. In this undertaking he was associated with Sydney Smith, A.R.A. The building was begun in 1843, and finished in 1845. In the latter year the same architects were appointed to rebuild the Carlton Club premises. Basevi died before the commencement of the work. He was engaged in inspecting the western bell-tower of Ely Cathedral, and fell and was killed upon the spot. This accident happened 16 Oct. 1845; he was buried in a chapel at the east end of the cathedral. He was a tasteful architect in the classic styles.
E. R.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/P

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# Dictionary of Indian Biography/R

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* Rivington, Rev. Luke, D.D.
* Roberts, Sir Abraham
* Roberts, Arthur Austin
* Roberts, Emma
* Roberts, of Kandahar, Pretoria, and Waterford, Frederick Sleigh, first Earl
* Roberts, Sir Henry Gee
* Roberts, John Blessington
* Robertson, Archibald
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Roberts, Arthur Austin

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​ROBERTS, ARTHUR AUSTIN (1818–1868)
I.C.S.: son of Brown Roberts of the Indian Army: born May 12, 1818: educated at Haileybury, 1836–7: to India, 837: succeeded John (Lord) Lawrence as Magte-Collr. of Dehli: Judge of the Sagar and Nerbudda territories, 1854: formed a new code of law for them: Commissioner of Lahore, 1856: C.B. for services during the mutiny: commanded the Lahore Volunteer Corps: Judicial Commissioner of the Panjab: Member of the Governor-General's Legislative Council: acting Judge of the Calcutta High Court: Judge of the Lahore Chief Court, 1866: C.S.I.: Resident at Hyderabad, March 20, 1868: died May 10, 1868.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Roberts, Emma

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​ROBERTS, EMMA (1794?–1840)
Daughter of Captain William Roberts: went to India in 1828 with a married sister, Mrs. R. A. McNaghten, on whose death, in 1831, she went to Calcutta and wrote for the Oriental Observer: went to India again in 1839: settled in Bombay and edited The Bombay United Service Gazette, and planned a book on the Bombay Presidency: died at Poona, Sep. 16, 1840. She wrote several works on India, including The East India Voyager, and an account of her overland voyage outwards.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Roberts, of Kandahar, Pretoria, and Waterford, Frederick Sleigh, first Earl

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​ROBERTS, OF KANDAHAR, PRETORIA, AND WATERFORD, FREDERICK SLEIGH, FIRST EARL (1832–)
Field Marshal: son of General Sir Abraham Roberts, G.C.B. (q.v.): born at Cawnpur, Sep. 30, 1832: educated at Eton, Sandhurst, Addiscombe: joined the Bengal Artillery, in April, 1852: A.D.C. to his father, 1852: D.A.Q.M.G. Peshawar, 1856: in the mutiny he was Staff Officer to Sir N. Chamberlain and John Nicholson, successively commanding the movable column to Delhi: where, during the siege, he, as D.A.Q.M.G. rejoined the Artillery. After its fall, he was in the actions at Bulandshahr, Alighar, Agra, at Sir Colin Campbell's relief of Lucknow, the recapture of Cawnpur, the destruction of Bithur, in. the fight near Khudaganj, where he won the V.C. for personal bravery in recovering a standard: in the capture of Lucknow by Sir Colin Campbell, in March, 1858: served in the Umbeyla campaign, 1863: in the Abyssinian campaign, 1867–8, was A.Q.M.G.: carried home Lord Napier's final despatches: was senior Staff Officer on the Lushai expedition, 1871–2: C.B.: Q.M.G. in 1874: commanded the Panjab Frontier Force, 1878. When the 2nd Afghan war broke out, he commanded the Kuram Field Force, fought the Peiwar Kotal action on Dec. 2, 1878: halted at Alikheyl: was a member of Sir A. Eden's Army Commission, 1879: K.C.B., 1879. After Sir L. Cavagnari's death at Kabul, on Sep. 3, 1879, he commanded the Kabul Field Force, fought the action at Charasia on Oct. 6, reached Kabul on Oct. 9. He received Yakub Khan's abdication and despatched him to India: was engaged in the operations in and around Sherpur in Dec. 1879. After the defeat of General Burrows at Maiwand, on July 27, 1880, Roberts marched from Kabul to Kandahar, Aug. 9 to 31, over 313 miles in 22 days, and defeated Ayub Khan at Kandahar on Sep. I: Baronet: G.C.B. After Majuba Hill, in 1881, he was sent to South Africa as Commander of the Forces and Governor of Natal, but peace had been concluded before he arrived. He was C. in C. Madras, 1881–5: C. in C. India, 1885–93: commanded in Burma in 1886: General in 1890: Baron in 1892: C. in C. Ireland, 1895–9: Field Marshal, 1895: C. in C. South Africa, 1899–1901: Commander-in-Chief, ​1901–4, Earl, 1901, and K.G.: he was also made G.C.S.I., G.C.I.E., K.P., P.C, D.C.L. Oxford, LL.D. of Dublin, Cambridge and Edinburgh: received the freedom of several cities: wrote Rise of Wellington, and Forty-one Years in India.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Roberts, John Blessington

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​ROBERTS, JOHN BLESSINGTON (1819–1880)
Born July 17, 1819: went to India as a private soldier in 1840: joined the Bengal Sappers and Miners: and the Police as a Deputy Superintendent in 1849: rose to be Deputy Commissioner of Police in Calcutta, 1856–63: J.P.: Presidency Magistrate, 1862–71: Coroner of Calcutta: Superintendent of Stamps and Stationery, 1871–80: for many years, as Member of the Corporation of Calcutta, took an independent line: on behalf of the public interests, gaining the title of "Tribune of the people": died May 5, 1880.