# The Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East/Volume 8

THE SACRED BOOKS AND EARLY LITERATURE OF THE EAST
WITH HISTORICAL SURVEYS OF THE CHIEF WRITINGS OF EACH NATION
Translations, Bibliographies, etc., by the following Leading Orientalists:
IN AMERICA:
MORRIS JASTROW, LL.D., Professor of Semitic Languages, University of Pennsylvania; JAMES H. BREASTED, LL.D., Professor of Egyptology, University of Chicago; CHARLES C. TORREY, D.D., Professor of Semitic Languages, Yale University; A. V. W. JACKSON, LL.D., Professor of Indo- Iranian, Columbia University; CHARLES R. LANMAN, LL.D., Professor of Sanskrit, Harvard University; Rev. CHARLES F. AIKEN, S.T.D., Dean of the Faculty of Theology, Catholic University; FRIEDRICH HIRTH, LL.D., Professor of Chinese, Columbia University; Rev. WILLIAM E. GRIFFIS, D.D., former Professor at the Imperial University, Tokio.
IN EUROPE:
E. A. W. BUDGE, F.S.A., Director of Egyptology in the British Museum; Sir GASTON MASPERO, D.C.L., Member of the Royal Institute of France; Rev. A. H. SAYCE. LL.D., Professor of Comparative Philology, Oxford University; W. FLINDERS-PETRIE, LL.D., Professor of Egyptology, University College, London; STEPHEN LANGDON. Ph.D., Professor of Assyriology, Oxford University; Sir ERNEST SATOW, LL.D., G.C.M.G., British Minister to Japan; H. OLDENBERG, LL.D., Professor of Sanskrit, Kiel University; T. W. RHYS-DAVIDS, LL.D., Librarian of the Royal Asiatic Society; ARMINIUS VAMBÉRY, LL.D., Professor of Oriental Languages, University of Budapest.
IN ASIA:
Sir M. COOMARA SWAMY, Legislative Council of Ceylon; ROMESH CHUNDER DUTT, C.I.E., Author of the History of Civilization in Ancient India; DARAB D. P. SANJANA. Educational Society of Bombay; Viscount KENCHO SUYEMATSU. LL.M., Japanese Minister of the Interior; SHEIK FAIZ-ULLAH-BHAI, Head Master of the Schools of Anjuman-i-Islam; RALPH T. GRIFFITH, President Benares College, India; JIVANJI JAMSHEDJI MODI, Fellow of Bombay University, Officier de l'Académie Française.
Under the editorship of a staff of specialists directed by Prof. CHARLES F. HORNE, Ph.D.
PARKE, AUSTIN, AND LIPSCOMB, Inc. NEW YORK LONDON
This Volume is one of a complete set of the Sacred Books and Early Literature of the East, consisting of fourteen volumes. In Volume I of the series will be found a certificate as to the limitation of the edition and the registered number of this set.
Copyright, 1917, Parke, Austin, and Lipscomb, Inc.
© UNDERWOOD & UNDERWOOD, N.Y.
THE APPROACH TO BAGHDAD.
THE SACRED BOOKS AND EARLY LITERATURE OF THE EAST
VOLUME VIII
MEDIEVAL PERSIA
In Translations by
E. H. WHINFIELD, M.A., of the Royal Asiatic Society; E. G. BROWNE, F.R.C.P., Professor of Arabic, Cambridge University; LOUISA STUART COSTELLO; REYNOLD NICHOLSON, LL.D., Professor of Persian, University College, London; HERMAN BICKNELL, M.D., the Oriental explorer; CAPTAIN H. WILBERFORCE CLARKE, R.E.; and other authorities on Persian literature.
With a Brief Bibliography by Prof. A. V. Williams Jackson, LL.D.
With an Historical Survey and Descriptions by Prof. CHARLES F. HORNE, Ph.D.
PARKE, AUSTIN, AND LIPSCOMB, Inc. NEW YORK LONDON
"Let there be light."—Genesis I, 3.
"There never was a false god, nor was there ever really a false religion, unless you call a child a false man."—Max Müller.
CONTENTS OF VOLUME VIII
MEDIEVAL PERSIA
ILLUSTRATIONS IN VOLUME VIII