OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Caraccioli, Charles

​CARACCIOLI, CHARLES (fl. 1766), topographer, was master of the grammar school at Arundel in 1766, and was probably an Italian. In 1758 appeared a work, anonymous, 2 vols. ‘Chiron, or the Mental Optician’ (Monthly Review, 1758, xviii. 276), of which Gough says that Caraccioli was the author (Brit. Topog. ii. 288, note); and about two years later a 6d. pamphlet, entitled ‘An Historical Account of Sturbridge, Bury, and the most Famous Fairs,’ &c., also anonymous, was published at Cambridge for the author, which is attributed in the British Museum Library Catalogue to Caraccioli. This is doubtful, as Caraccioli's own evidence shows that about 1758 and 1760 he did not know English. In 1766 Caraccioli published ‘The Antiquities of Arundel’ by subscription, and dedicated it to the Duke of Norfolk and to the Hon. Edward Howard, the duke's heir-apparent. In 1775 a Charles Caraccioli, gent., published the first volume of ‘The Life of Robert, Lord Clive,’ not dated (Monthly Review, 1775, liii. 80), following this in 1777 by vols. ii. iii. and iv. of the same work (ib. 1777, lv. 480); and Gough identifies this author with the subject of this article (supra). The ‘Monthly Review’ says of ‘Chiron,’ ‘It is a poor imitation of “Le Diable Boiteux”’ (xviii. 276); Gough says of parts of ‘Arundel,’ ‘They are most awkwardly contrived from printed books’ (Brit. Topog. ii. 288); Lowndes says of ‘Clive,’ ‘It is a confused jumble’ (Bibl. Manual, i. 369); and the ‘Monthly Review’ says of it, ‘It is ill-digested, worse connected, and similarly printed.’
J. H.
# Voight v. Wright

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
141 U.S. 62
Voight v. Wright
J. E. Health, for plaintiffs in error.
BRADLEY, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Volcanoes be in Sicily

Volcanoes be in Sicily And South America I judge from my Geography — Volcanos nearer here A Lava step at any time Am I inclined to climb — A Crater I may contemplate Vesuvius at Home.
# Volcks-Sagen

English-language translations of Volcks-Sagen include:
* 1. "Lora, die Göttin der Liebe" ('Lora, the Goddess of Love')
* 2. "Jakob Nimmernüchtern" ('Jakob Nimmernüchtern')
* 3. "Die Hufeisen" ('The Horseshoes')
* 4. "Die Quäste" ('The Tassel')
* 5. "Der Ritter-Keller" ('The Knights' Cellar')
* 6. "Die goldnen Flachsknoten" ('The Golden Flax-Knots')
* 7. "Die Wunderblume" ('The Miracle-Flower')
* 8. "Der Ziegenhirt" ('The Goatherd')
* 9. "Der verzauberte Kaiser" ('The Enchanted Emperor')
* 10. "Ilse, oder, die Bewohnerin des Ilsensteins" ('Ilse, or, the Resident of Ilsenstein')
* 12. "Die Roßtrappe" ('The Rosstrappe')
* 13. "Die Teufels-Mühle" ('The Devil's Mill')
* 16. "Der Thomas-Pfennig" ('The Thomas-Penny')
* 17. "Die Dummburg" ('The Dummburg')
* 18. "Hackelnberg" ('Hackelnberg')
* 21. "Der Wolfstein" ('The Wolf-Stone')
* 22. "Die Daneels-Höle" ('Daniel's Cave')
* 23. "Ehrlich währt am längsten!" ('Honesty is the Best!')
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brooke, Humphrey

​BROOKE, HUMPHREY (1617–1693), physician, was born in London in 1617. He was educated in Merchant Taylors' School, and entered St. John's College, Oxford, of which he became a fellow. He proceeded M.B. 1646, M.D. 1659, was elected fellow of the London College of Physicians 1674, and was subsequently several times censor. He died very rich at his house in Leadenhall Street, 9 Dec. 1693. Brooke was the author of 'A Conservatory of Health, comprised in a Plain and Practical Discourse upon the Six Particulars necessary for Man's Life,' London, 1650, and also a book of paternal advice, addressed to his children, under the title of 'The Durable Legacy,' London, 1681, of which only fifty copies were printed. It contains 250 pages of practical, moral, and religious directions, couched in a sincere and simple Christian style, with neither sectarianism nor bigotry.
[Wood's Fasti Oxon. (Bliss), i. 514, ii. 91, 221; Munk's College of Physicians (1878), i. 368; Durable Legacy, in British Museum.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brooke, John

​BROOKE, JOHN (d. 1582), translator, son of John Brooke, was a native of Ashnext-Sandwich and owner of Brooke House in that village. Though appointed scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, by the foundation charter of 1546, he did not proceed B.A. until 1553-4. He married Magdalen Stoddard of Mottingham. He died in 1582, leaving no children, and was buried in Ash church. His works are:
* 'The Staffe of Christian Faith. … Translated out of French into English by John Brooke, of Ashe-next-Sandwiche,' 1577.
* 'John Gardener, his confession of the Christian Faith. Translated out of French by John Brooke,' 1578, 1583.
* 'A Christian Discourse … presented to the Prince of Conde. Translated by J. B.,' 1578.
* 'The Christian Disputations, by Master Peter Viret, dedicated to Edmund, Abp. of Canterbury. Translated out of French … by J. B. of Ashe,' 1579.
* 'Of Two Wonderful Popish Monsters, to wyt, Of a Popish Asse which was found in Rome in the riuer Tyber (1496), and of a Moonkish Calfe, calued at Friberge in Misne (1528). … Witnessed and declared, the one by P. Melancthon, the other by M. Luther. Translated out of French … by John Brooke of Assh. … With two cuts of the Monsters,' 1579.
* 'A Faithful and Familiar Exposition upon the Prayer of our Lorde. … Written in French dialogue wise, by Peter Viret, and translated into English by John Brooke. Dedicated to Syr Roger Manwood, knight, and Lorde Chiefe Baron of the Queene's Maiesties Excheker,' 1582.
>[Hasted's Kent, iii. 691 n.; Planché's Corner of Kent, 136; Ames's Typog. Antiq. (Herbert) 662, 867, 1010, 1011, 1060; Maunsell's First Part of the Catalogue (1595), 24; Cooper's Athenæ Cantab, i. 459; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. 131.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brooke, Ralph

​BROOKE, RALPH (1553-1625), herald, describes himself (MS. penes Coll. Arm.) as the son of Geoffrey Brooke (by his wife, Jane Hyde) and grandson of William Brooke of Lancashire, who was a cadet of the family of Brooke seated at Norton in Cheshire. But the entry of his admission into Merchant Taylors' School, on 3 July 1564, simply records the fact that his father was Geoffrey, and a shoemaker (Registers of M.T.S. i. 6). In 1576 he was made free of the Painter Stainers' Company, and four years afterwards was appointed Rouge Croix pursuivant in the College of Arms. In March 1593 he became York herald, but attained to no higher rank. That he was an accurate and painstaking genealogist there can be no doubt ; it seems equally clear that he was of a grasping and jealous nature, and much disliked by his fellow-officers in the Heralds' College. In 1597 Camden, who was not a professional herald, was made Clarenceux king-at-arms in recognition of his great learning. Brooke took umbrage at his intrusion into the college, and published, without date or printer's name, what he termed 'A Discoverie of certaine Errours published in print in the much-commended Britannia 1594, very prejudicial to the Discentes and Successions of the auncient Nobilitie of this Realme.' To this Camden replied ; and Vincent, who had the college with him, sided with Camden and exposed certain mistakes into which Brooke himself had fallen. The controversy was long and acrimonious, the only good result being that, through the researches of Brooke, Camden, and Vincent, the genealogies of the nobility were closely investigated, and the first attempt at a printed peerage was made. Brooke died 15 Oct. 1625, aged 73, and was buried in the church of Reculver, Kent. His quaint monument, whereon he is depicted in his tabard dress, has been often engraved, but it has unhappily disappeared from the newly built church. In addition to the work already mentioned, Brooke wrote 'A Second Discovery of Errors,' which was published from the manuscript by Anstis in 1723 ; and two editions (1619 and 1622) of 'A Catalogue and Succession of the Kings, Princes, Dukes, Marquisses, Earles, and Viscounts of the Realme of England since the Norman Conquest to this present yeare 1619. Together with their Armes, Wives and Children, the times of their deaths and burials, with any other memorable actions, collected by Raphe Brooke, Esquire, Yorke Herauld, Discouering and Reforming many errors committed by men of other Professions and lately published in Print to the great wronging of the Nobility and prejudice of his Majestie's Officers and Armes, who are onely appointed and sworne to deale faithfully in these causes,' printed by Jaggard.
C. J. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brooke, John Charles

​BROOKE, JOHN CHARLES (1748–1794), Somerset herald, second son of William Brooke, M.D., and Alice, eldest daughter and coheiress of William Mawhood of Doncaster, was born at Fieldhead, in the parish of Silkstone, near Sheffield, in 1748. He was sent to the metropolis to be apprenticed to a chemist in Holborn, but he had already acquired a taste for genealogical research, and having drawn up a pedigree of the Howard family which attracted the favourable notice of the Duke of Norfolk, he thus obtained an entrance into the College of Arms. He was appointed Rouge Croix pursuivant in 1773, and was promoted to the office of Somerset herald in 1777. Two years previouslv in 1775, he had been elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Brooke was secretary ​to the earl marshal, and, also through the patronage of the Duke of Norfolk, a lieutenant in the militia of the West Riding of Yorkshire. With Benjamin Pingo, York herald, and fourteen other persons, he was crushed to death on 3 Feb. 1794, in attempting to get into the pit of the Haymarket Theatre. His body was interred in the church of St. Benet, Paul's Wharf, where a monumental tablet was erected to his memory, with an epitaph composed by Edmund Lodge, afterwards Clarenceux king-at-arms.
Brooke made voluminous manuscript collections, chiefly relating to Yorkshire. His father had inherited the manuscripts of his great-uncle, the Rev. John Brooke, rector of High Hoyland in Yorkshire, which had been formed as a foundation for the topography of that county. These came into the hands of John Charles Brooke, who greatly enlarged them by means of his own researches, and by copying the manuscripts of Jenyngs and Tilleyson. A catalogue of these collections will be found in Gough's 'British Topography,' ii. 397, 401, 402. Brooke's contributions to the 'Archæologia' are enumerated in Nichols's 'Illustrations of Literature,' vi. 355. He was a contributor also to the 'Gentleman's Magazine,' and the principal authors of his day in genealogy and topography acknowledge their obligations to him. Besides a history of Yorkshire, he contemplated a new edition of Sandford's 'Genealogical History of the Kings of England,' a baronage after Dugdale's method, and a history of all tenants in capite to accompany Domesday. He bequeathed his manuscripts to the College of Arms, but a small collection of Yorkshire pedigrees by him is preserved in the British Museum (Addit. MS. 21184). Many of his letters on antiquarian subjects are printed in Nichols's 'Illustrations of Literature.'
A portrait of Brooke, engraved by T. Milton from a painting by T. Maynard, forms the frontispiece to Noble's 'History of the College of Arms.'
[Nichols's Lit. Anecd. i. 681, 684, iii. 263, vi. 142, 254, 303; Nichols's Illustr. of Lit. vi. 354-429; Noble's College of Arms, 428-434, 440; Addit, MS. 5726 E, art. 3, 5864, f. 116; Notes and Queries (2nd series), iv. 130, 160, 318; Gent. Mag. lxiv. 187, 275, lxvii. 5 ; Annual Reg. 1794, chronicle 5.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brooke, Lord

​BROOKE, Lord. [See Greville.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brooke, Henry (1738-1806)

​BROOKE, HENRY (1738–1806), painter, was born in Dublin in 1738. He chiefly practised historical painting, and, upon coming to London in 1761, gained both fame and fortune by the exhibition of his pictures. Seven years later, in 1767, he had married and settled in his native city, where he lost the whole of his savings in some foolish speculation. Thenceforward his art was principally displayed in the decoration of Roman catholic chapels, but in 1776 he sent a mythological painting to the Society of Artists. Brooke died in Dublin in 1806.
[Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists (1878), p. 57; A. Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-80, p. 31.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brooke, Henry James

​BROOKE, HENRY JAMES (1771–1857), crystallographer, son of a broadcloth manufacturer, born at Exeter on 25 May 1771, studied for the bar, but went into business in the Spanish wool trade, South American mining companies, and the London Life Assurance Association successively. He devoted his leisure hours to mineralogy, geology, and botany. His large collections of shells and of minerals were presented to the university of Cambridge, while a portion of his valuable collection of engravings was given by him to the British Museum. He was elected F.G.S. in 1815, F.L.S. in 1818, and F.R.S in 1819. He discovered thirteen new mineral species. He died on 26 June 1857. He published a ' Familiar Introduction to Crystallography,' London, 1823; and contributed the important articles on t Crystallography' and 'Mineralogy' in the 'Encyclopaedia Metropolitana,' in which he first introduced six primary crystalline systems.
[Proc. Roy. Soc. ix. 41; Q. Journ. Geol. Soc. 14, xliv.]
H. F. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Crew, John

​CREW, JOHN, first Baron Crew of Stene (1598–1679), eldest son of Sir Thomas Crew [q. v.], serjeant-at-law, by Temperance, daughter of Reginald Bray of Stene, Northamptonshire, was M.P. for Amersham, Buckinghamshire, in 1624 and 1625, for Brackley, Northamptonshire, in 1626, for Banbury in 1628, and for Northamptonshire in the first parliament of 1640. In the Long parliament ​he sat for Brackley. In May 1640 he was committed to the Tower for refusing to surrender papers in his possession as chairman of the committee on religion, but, making submission in the following month, was released. He voted against the attainder of Strafford in 1641, and spoke against the motion to commit Palmer for protesting against the publication of the Grand Remonstrance. On the outbreak of the civil war he subscribed 200l. in plate and engaged to maintain four horses for the parliament. He was one of the commissioners appointed by parliament for the treaty of Uxbridge in 1644–5. He subsequently supported the ‘self-denying ordinance’ by which it was proposed to disable members of parliament from holding places under government. He was one of the commissioners who conducted the negotiations with the king at Newcastle-on-Tyne and Holdenby in 1646, and in the Isle of Wight in 1648. As he disapproved of bringing Charles to justice, he was arrested among ‘the secluded members’ on 6 Dec. 1648. He was, however, released on the 29th. He was returned to parliament for Northamptonshire in 1654, and was a member of the committee for raising funds in aid of the Piedmontese protestants, and helped to draw up the new statutes for Durham College in 1656. In 1657 he received a peer's writ of summons to parliament, but does not appear to have taken his seat. On the secluded members usurping power he was nominated one of the council of state (23 Feb. 1659–60), and subsequently moved a resolution condemnatory of the execution of the king. At the general election which followed he was again returned for Northamptonshire. He was one of the deputation that met Charles II at the Hague. On 20 April 1661 he was created Baron Crew of Stene at Whitehall (Pepys). He is frequently referred to by Pepys, who seems to have entertained a very high respect for him. Clarendon describes him as a man of the ‘greatest moderation.’ He died on 12 Dec. 1679. By his wife Jemimah, daughter of Edward Waldegrave of Lawford, Essex, he had issue six sons and two daughters. He was succeeded in his title and estates by his eldest son, Thomas. His eldest daughter, Jemimah, married Sir Edward Montague, afterwards Lord Sandwich and lord high admiral. His fifth son was Nathaniel [q. v.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cressy, Robert

John Cressey in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​CRESSY, ROBERT (fl. 1450?), Carmelite, was a student at Oxford, where he distinguished himself as a theologian. He wrote a book of 'Homiliæ.' These are the only facts about him given by Leland in his 'Commentarii de Scriptoribus Britannicis,' the manuscript of which, however, speaks also of a work written by Cressy treating of the assumption of the Blessed Virgin; but this statement is deleted. Bishop Bale, who refers to Leland as his only authority, adds a variety of particulars. He asserts that Cressy, whose christian name he gives as 'John,' belonged to the Carmelite house at Boston in Lincolnshire, that he returned thither after he had completed his studies at Oxford, became head of his monastery, was buried at Boston, and that he flourished about 1450. Bale has been followed by Pits and Tanner, but neither indicates any other source than Leland; and it is at least curious that the notice in Leland's manuscript immediately preceding that of Cressya, and on the same page relates to a Carmelite of Boston, named William Surfluctus (or Surflete), who flourished about 1466 so that it is perhaps allowable to hazard the conjecture that Bale's eye accidentally strayed to the wrong entry, and transferred to Cressy what really belongs to Surflete. This, however will not account for the change in the christian names.
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cresswell, Daniel

​CRESSWELL, DANIEL, D.D. (1776–1844), divine and mathematician, was son of Daniel Cresswell, a native of Crowden-le-Booth, in Edale, Derbyshire, who resided for many years at Newton, near Wakefield, Yorkshire. He was born at Wakefield in 1776 and educated in the grammar school there and at Hull. He proceeded to Trinity College, Cambridge, of which he became a fellow (B.A. 1797, M.A. 1800, D.D. per literas regias, 1823). At the university, where he resided many years, he took private pupils. In December 1822 he was presented to the vicarage of Enfield, one of the most valuable livings in the gift of his college, and in the following year he was appointed a justice of the peace for Middlesex and elected a fellow of the Royal Society. He died at Enfield on 21 March 1844.
He published ‘The Elements of Linear Perspective,’ Cambridge, 1811, 8vo; a translation of Giuseppe Venturoli's ‘Elements of Mechanics,’ Cambridge, 1822; 2nd edit., 1823, 8vo; several mathematical works, chiefly geometrical; ‘Sermons on Domestic Duties,’ Lond. 1829, 8vo; and some occasional discourses.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cresswell, Madam

​CRESSWELL, Madam (fl. 1670–1684), was a notorious courtesan and procuress (born about 1625), whose connection with many of the civic celebrities and leading politicians of her day, between Restoration and Revolution, enabled her to secure indemnity from punishment and gather a large fortune. The ballad literature of the streets, manuscript lampoons, and party pamphlets are full of allusions to her. Her portrait was engraved by P. Tempest, after a design by Lauron, and published in the ‘Cries of London,’ 1711. She had been early distinguished by personal attractions, and when her own beauty decayed she used her fascination to corrupt the innocence of others so successfully that she was considered to be without a rival in her wickedness. She was very outspoken in her political opinions as a whig, a zealous ally of Titus Oates, Robert Ferguson the plotter, Sir Robert Clayton's wife, and Sir Thomas Player (who was nicknamed ‘Sir Thomas Cresswell,’ from his intimacy with her). She made noisy proclamations of being devout, as a counterbalance of her known immorality. She lived at Clerkenwell during the winter months, but sometimes at Camberwell keeping a boarding-house, and in summer retreated to a handsome country residence, largely frequented by her civic patrons. She decoyed many village girls into London, in hope of obtaining good service and preferment. Although styled ‘Madam Cresswell,’ she was never married. She is mentioned frequently in Nathanael Thompson's ‘Collection of 180 Loyal Songs,’ 1685 and 1694 (e. g. pp. 80, 328, 344), as ‘Old Mother Cresswell of our trade,’ and ‘Poor Cresswell, she can take his word no more’ (i. e. Sir Thomas Player's); in many manuscript lampoons or satires by Rochester and others; and also in the ‘Poems on State Affairs,’ 1697–1707. When her past dissipations and age had brought infirmities, she made increased pretence to be considered a pious matron, attending prayer-meetings and dressing soberly, but got into trouble occasionally, as in 1684, with a bond for 300l., ‘which not being paid the worn-out Cresswell's broke.’ At her death, near the close of the century, she bequeathed 10l. to fee a church of England clergyman to preach her funeral sermon, stipulating that he was to mention her name and ‘to speak nothing but well of her.’ A short discourse on the solemnity of death ended with due mention of her name and last request, without any praise except this: ‘She was born well, she lived well, and she died well; for she was born with the name of Cresswell, she lived in Clerkenwell and Camberwell, and she died in Bridewell.’ There are other versions, of doubtful authority, one attributing the sarcasm to the Duke of Buckingham.
J. W. E.