OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moon, Francis Graham

​MOON, Sir FRANCIS GRAHAM (1796–1871), printseller and publisher, born on 28 Oct. 1796 in St. Andrew, Holborn, was youngest son of Christopher Moon, gold and silver smith, by Ann, daughter of T. Withry (Burke, Peerage, 1890, p. 979). Placed with Mr. Tugwell, book and print seller of Threadneedle Street, he made many friends, by whose assistance he was enabled on Tugwell's death to take over the business. Subsequently he devoted himself to print-publishing upon a large scale. For this business, as a man of remarkable taste and judgment, he was admirably qualified, and he gradually rose to be the acknowledged head of his trade. In 1825 Messrs. Hurst, Robinson, & Co., the immediate successors of John Boydell [q.v.], became bankrupt, and Moon purchased the greater part of their stock. At the same time he joined the firm of Moon, Boys, & Graves in Pall Mall, but still carried on his own business at the corner of Finch Lane, Threadneedle Street. Moon was liberal in his dealings with artists, and popular with them. Sir David Wilkie once presented him with the copyright of one of his paintings. Others, especially C. R. Leslie, R.A., gave him drawings and the original sketches for their great pictures. He reproduced some of the finest works of Wilkie, Sir Charles Eastlake, Sir Edwin Landseer, David Roberts, Samuel Prout, C. R. Leslie, Clarkson Stanfield, and George Cattermole. One of his most celebrated publications was David Roberts's 'Sketches in the Holy Land,' &c., which
​cost 50,000l. to bring out. Moon's taste and persuasive manners were humorously noticed in some verses by Hood (cited in City Press, 28 Oct. 1871, p. 2, col. 6). He received the patronage of the English and many European courts, and was invited by Louis-Philippe as a private guest to St. Cloud.
In 1830 Moon was elected a common councilman; in 1843 he acted as sheriff of London and Middlesex; in 1844 he was chosen alderman of Portsoken Ward; and in 1854 he became lord mayor. On 28 April 1855 he received at Guildhall the emperor and empress of the French, and was created a baronet on 4 May following. Moon in turn visited Paris, where the emperor made him a chevalier of the Legion of Honour. In the spring of 1871 he resigned his aldermanic gown, acceptig that of Bridge Without. He died at Brighton on 13 Oct. 1871, and was buried on the 20th in Fetcham Churchyard, Surrey. By his marriage, on 28 Oct. 1818, to Anne, eldest daughter of John Chancellor, carriage builder, of Kensington, he had four sons and four daughters. Of the former the eldest is the Rev. Sir Edward Graham Moon (b. 1825), rector and patron of Fetcham. Lady Moon died on 24 May 1870.
[City Press, 21 and 28 Oct. 1871; Illustrated London News, 21 and 28 Oct. 1871 (with portrait); Men of the Time, 1868, p. 594; Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1715-1886, iii. 972; Walford's County Families, 1893.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Moone, Peter

​MOONE, PETER (fl. 1548), poet, was author of 'A Short Treatise of certayne Thinges abused in the Popysh Church, long used, but now abolyshed, to our consolation, and God's Word avaunced, the Lyght of our Salvation.' This is a poem in thirty-seven eight-line stanzas, rhyming a b a b b c b c, the last line being a refrain used in all the stanzas. After the poem follows, 'To God onely gyve the glory, quod Peter Moone. Imprinted at Ippyswyche by me, Jhon Oswen.' The work is excessively rare. The date 1548 is added in writing in the copy in the British Museum. There is an allusion to 'my Lorde Protector' [Somerset] in the poem. Hunter suggests that 'Mrs. Amy Moon of Norfolk,' second wife of Thomas Tusser [q. v.], was a relative, 'perhaps sister,' of the poet (Chorus Vatum, Add. MS. 24488-506).
[Tanner's Bibliotheca, p. 531; British Museum Cat.]
R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Palairet, Elias

​PALAIRET, ELIAS (1713–1765), philologer, born in 1713 at Rotterdam, was descended from a French family that had taken refuge in Holland on the revocation of the edict of Nantes. After studying at Leyden he took holy orders, and became successively preacher at Aardenburg (1741), Doornik (1749), and Tournay. On coming to England he acted as pastor of the French church at Greenwich, and of St. John's Church, Spitalfields, and latterly preacher in the Dutch chapel at St. James's, Westminster. His abilities attracted the notice of John Egerton [q. v.], successively bishop of Bangor and Durham, who made him his chaplain. Palairet died in Marylebone on 2 Jan. 1765 (Gent. Mag. 1765, p. 46). He left all his property to his wife Margaret (Probate Act Book, P.C.C. 1765; will in P.C.C. 113, Rushworth).
His writings are:
* ‘Histoire du Patriarche Joseph mise en vers héroïques,’ 8vo, Leyden, 1738.
* ‘Observationes philologico-criticæ in sacros Novi Fœderis libros, quorum plurima loca ex autoribus potissimum Græcis exponuntur,’ 8vo, Leyden, 1752; several of Palairet's explanations were called in question in the ‘Acta eruditorum Lipsiensium’ for 1757, pp. 451–8, and by Charles Louis Bauer in the first volume of ‘Stricturarum Periculum.’
* ‘Proeve van een oordeelkundig Woordenboek over de heiligeboeken des Nieuwen Verbonds,’ 8vo, Leyden, 1754.
* ‘Specimen exercitationum philologico-criticarum in sacros Novi Fœderis libros,’ 8vo, London, 1755 (another edit. 1760); intended as a prospectus of a revised edition of his ‘Observationes.’
* ‘Thesaurus Ellipsium Latinarum, sive vocum quæ in sermone Latino suppressæ indicantur,’ 8vo, London, 1760 (new edit. by E. H. Barker, 1829). This useful book is accompanied by a double index of authors and words. In the preface Palairet promised a revised edition of Lambertus Bos's ‘Ellipses Græcæ,’ but he died before its completion.
In 1756 he corrected for William Bowyer the ‘Ajax’ and ‘Electra’ of Sophocles, published in 1758. His annotations on the treatises of Xenophon the Ephesian are printed in P. H. Peerlkamp's edition of that writer (4to, Haarlem, 1818).
[Aa's Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden; Nouvelle Biographie Universelle (Michaud); Nouvelle Biographie Générale; Nichols's Lit. Anecd. ii. 286, 313, 716.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pakington, William

William Packington in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​PAKINGTON, WILLIAM (d. 1390), chronicler, was clerk and treasurer of the household of Edward, prince of Wales [q. v.], the ‘Black prince,’ in Gascony. He was, it is believed, a native of Warwickshire, where there are two villages named Packington (Fuller, Worthies, ii. 474), though there is also a village with that name on the border of Leicestershire, besides a hamlet in Weeford, Staffordshire. In 1349 he was presented by the king to the rectory of East Wretham, Norfolk, and in 1377 held the wardenship of the royal hospital of St. Leonard at Derby. Richard II appointed him keeper of the wardrobe in 1379, and on 6 Jan. 1381 chancellor of the exchequer. ​He was a canon of Windsor, and at one time rector of Ivinghoe, Buckinghamshire, and was presented by the king to the living of Wearmouth, Durham. On 20 Sept. 1381 the king appointed him archdeacon of Canterbury, and on 28 Dec. he was admitted to the deanery of Lichfield, which he resigned on 30 April 1390. He received a prebend of York in April 1383, was dean of the royal free chapel of St. Mary, Stafford, in 1384, and was installed prebendary of Lincoln in October 1389. Shortly before his death, which took place on or before 25 July 1390, he received from the crown a prebend in the collegiate church of St. Edith in Tamworth, Staffordshire, and was also appointed prebendary of St. Paul's, London. He wrote a chronicle in French from the ninth year of King John to his own time, and dedicated it to Prince Edward, and is said to have recorded the prince's exploits. Leland translated several extracts from a French epitome of this chronicle, and inserted them in his ‘Collectanea.’ From these extracts Mr. Maunde Thompson (Chronicon Galfridi Le Baker, pp. 183–4) concludes ‘that much of Pakington's chronicle must have been word for word the same as the revised edition of the French “Brute,”’ observing that this may perhaps afford a clue to the authorship of the second edition of the French version of the prose ‘Brut’ chronicle, compiled in the reign of Edward III, and ending at 1333.
[Leland's Comment. de Scriptt. Brit. c. 402, ii. 365, ed. Hall, and Collectanea, i. 454 sq. (2nd edit.); Bale's Cat. Scriptt. Brit. cent. vi. c. 68, p. 490 (ed. 1557), adds nothing to Leland, but divides Pakington's Chronicle into two books, the ‘Historia’ and the ‘Acta quinque regum;’ Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 569; Fuller's Worthies, ii. 474, ed. Nichols; Le Neve's Fasti Eccl. Angl. i. 41, 562, ii. 171, iii. 209, 379, ed. Hardy; Thompson's Chron. Galfr. le Baker, pp. 183–4.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Palfreyman, Thomas

​PALFREYMAN, THOMAS (d. 1589?), author, was a gentleman of the chapel royal, together with Tallis, Farrant, Hunnis, and other well-known musicians in Edward VI's reign. He continued in office till 1589, apparently the year of his death (Cheque-Book of Chapel Royal, ed. Rimbault, pp. 4, 195). John Parkhurst [q. v.], the bishop of Norwich, addressed an epigram to Palfreyman and Robert Couch conjointly, and complimented them on their proficiency alike in music and theology. Palfreyman seems to have lived in the parish of St. Peter, Cornhill. The following works, all religious exhortations, are assigned to him:
* ‘An Exhortation to Knowledge and Love of God,’ London, 1560, 8vo.
* ‘Tho. Palfreyman his Paraphrase on the Romans; also certain little tracts of Mart. Cellarius,’ London, n.d. 4to.
* ‘Divine Meditations,’ London, by Henry Bynneman for William Norton, 1572, 8vo; dedicated to Isabel Harington, a gentlewoman of the Queen's privy chamber.
* ‘The Treatise of Heauenly Philosophie: conteyning therein not onely the most pithie sentences of God's sacred Scriptures, but also the sayings of certaine Auncient and Holie Fathers, London, by William Norton, 1578;’ a 4to of nine hundred pages, dedicated to Thomas, earl of Sussex (Brit. Mus.) Unpaged lives of Moses and David are prefixed; there follow long and tedious chapters on God, on Faith, and on various vices and virtues.
In 1567 Palfreyman revised and re-edited ‘A Treatise of Morall Philosophy, containynge the sayinges of the wyse,’ which William Baldwin had first published in 1547. Palfreyman's version of 1567 is described as ‘nowe once again augmented and the third tyme enlarged.’ It was published by Richard Tottell on 1 July 1567, and was dedicated to Henry Hastings, earl of Huntingdon (Brit. Mus.). It was a popular book, and new editions appeared in 1575, 1584, 1587, 1591, 1596, 1610, 1620, and 1630.
One Thomas Palfreman, described as a plebeian and native of Oxford, matriculated from All Souls' College on 8 July 1586, aged 34. He may have been a son of the author. A second Thomas Palfryman proceeded B.A. from New Inn Hall, Oxford, on 14 May 1633 (M.A. 1636), was incorporated at Cambridge in 1651, and became vicar of Threckingham in 1637, and of Haceby, Lincolnshire, in 1638. His son, of the same names (B.A. from Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1662, M.A. 1665), was made vicar of Youlgrave, Derbyshire, in 1685.
[Hunter's manuscript Chorus Vatum, Brit. Mus. Addit. MS. 24490, f. 498; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Brit. Mus. Cat.; Hazlitt's Handbook; Ames's Typogr. Antiq.; Lowndes's Bibl. Man.]
S. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Palairet, John

​PALAIRET, JOHN (1697–1774), author, born in 1697 at Montauban, was agent of the States-General in London and French teacher to three of the children of George II (Prince William, afterwards Duke of Cumberland, and the Princesses Mary and Louisa). He died in the parish of St. James's, Westminster, in 1774 (Gent. Mag. 1774, p. 598). He had been twice married and left two sons—Elias John and David—and three daughters.
He wrote:
* ‘Nouvelle Méthode pour apprendre à bien lire et à bien orthographier,’ 12mo, London, 1721 (12th edition 1758; new edit. by Formey, 8vo, Berlin, 1755).
* ‘Abrégé sur les Sciences et sur les Arts, en François & en Anglois,’ 8vo, London, 1736 (1740, 1741, 8th edit. revised by M. Du Mitand, 1788; 9th edit. 1792; an edition by Gottlob Ludwig Munter appeared at Brunswick and Hildesheim in 1746).
* ‘A ​New Royal French Grammar,’ 8vo, London, 1738 (3rd edit., the Hague, 1738; 8th edit., London, 1769).
* ‘Nouvelle Introduction à la Géographie Moderne,’ 3 vols. 12mo, London, 1754–5.
* ‘Atlas Méthodique,’ fol. London, 1754 (53 maps).
* ‘Recueil des Règles d'Arithmétique,’ 4to (Paris? 1755?).
* ‘A Concise Description of the English and French Possessions in North America,’ 8vo, London, 1755 (in French, 1756).
His correspondence with Count Bentinck in 1750, 1758, and 1761, in French, is among the Egerton MSS. in the British Museum, Nos. 1727 and 1746. A letter from him to the Duke of Newcastle in 1757 is in Additional MS. 32871, f. 331.
[Aa's Biographisch Woordenboek der Nederlanden; Nouvelle Biographie Universelle (Michaud); Nouvelle Biographie Générale; Nichols's Illustr. of Lit. iv. 634; Will in P.C.C. 26, Alexander; Will of Elizabeth Palairet, widow of his son David, in P.C.C. 183, Major.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heynes, Simon

​HEYNES, SIMON (d. 1552), dean of Exeter, was educated at Queens' College, Cambridge. He graduated B.A. in 1515–16, was elected fellow of his college in 1516, proceeded M.A. in 1519, and had a title for orders from Queens' College in February 1521. He took part in procuring the expulsion of Dr. John Jennins from the presidentship of Queens' in 1518, and in 1528 was himself elected president. Being empowered by the college to make bargains and covenants at his discretion, he alienated some of the estates belonging to the society. On 28 Nov. 1528 he was instituted to the rectory of Barrow, Suffolk. He was one of the delegates appointed by the senate to make a determination as to the king's divorce in 1529–30; commenced D.D. in 1531, and in 1532–3 and 1533–4 served the office of vice-chancellor. On 23 May 1533 he attested Cranmer's instrument of divorce at Dunstable, and in 1534 was admitted vicar of Stepney, Middlesex, in which year he and Dr. Skip were selected by the court to preach at Cambridge against the supremacy of the pope. In 1535 he was sent with Mount as ambassador to France. At the end of the same year he was instituted to the rectory of Fulham, Middlesex, and on 24 Dec. was installed canon of Windsor (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, iii. 392). On 16 July 1537 he was elected dean of Exeter (ib. i. 387), in which capacity he attended the baptism of Prince Edward, afterwards Edward VI, and soon afterwards resigned the presidentship of Queens' College. A letter in condemnation of the bill of the six articles, addressed by him to a member of parliament, is printed in Strype's ‘Ecclesiastical Memorials,’ 8vo edit., vol. i. pt. ii. p. 408. In 1538 he and Edmund Bonner [q. v.], afterwards bishop of London, were sent to Spain, and joined in commission with Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503–1542) [q. v.], the ambassador there. Offended by Wyatt's contemptuous treatment of them, they afterwards charged him with holding traitorous correspondence with Reginald Pole and speaking disrespectfully of the king. Heynes signed the decree of 9 July 1540 invalidating the marriage of Henry VIII with Anne of Cleves, and on the following 17 Dec. the king made him one of the first prebendaries of Westminster (ib. iii. 350). He was also a visitor of the university of Oxford, the college of Windsor, and the church of Exeter, and one of the commissioners against the anabaptists. He also assisted in the compilation of the first English liturgy. He died in October 1552, leaving by his wife Joan (afterwards married to William May, archbishop-elect of York) two sons, Joseph, aged five years, and Simon (will in P. C. C. 29, Powell).
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. i. 80, 542; Letters and Papers of Reign of Henry VIII (Brewer and Gairdner).]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heylyn, Rowland

​HEYLYN or HEYLIN, ROWLAND (1562?–1631), sheriff of London, was descended from an ancient family seated at Pentreheylin in the parish of Llandysilio, Mongomeryshire, whose members were hereditary cupbearers (as the name signifies) to the princes of Powys. The names of Heylyn's parents are not known. According to the records of the Ironmongers' Company of London he was born in 1562. On 30 April 1575 he was apprenticed to Thomas Wade, was admitted to the freedom of the Ironmongers' Company on 4 May 1584, was an assistant in 1612, and served as master in 1614 and 1625. Heylyn lived in the parish of St. Alban, ​Wood Street, and on 30 April 1624 was elected alderman of Cripplegate ward (City Records, Repertory 38, fol. 109 b). On Mid-summer day following he was elected sheriff of London, the company presenting him 'with twenty pieces of xxijs the piece towards the trimming of his house, and the loan of such plate as he may want' (Nicholl, Hist. of the Ironmongers' Company, 1666, pp. 197–8). Heylyn in 1630 published the Welsh Bible at his own charge in a portable volume. He also promoted the publication of a Welsh dictionary, and a Welsh translation of 'The Practice of Piety' written by Lewis Bayly [q. v.], bishop of Bangor. He died childless in 1631. By his will, dated 5 Sept. 1629, and proved 15 Feb. 1631 [Audley, 23], he left the bulk of his estate at Laleham and Staines in Middlesex, and various manors in Staffordshire and other counties, to Thomas Nicholls, son of his sister Anne, and Thomas Hunt, son of his sister Eleanor, a life interest being reserved to his wife; 300l. was bequeathed to the corporation of Shrewsbury (with which place he was closely connected) in trust for the poor, 100l. to Bridewell and 50l. to Christ's Hospital, 300l. to poor ministers, besides 100l. for the benefit of poor prisoners in London detained for debts less than 4l. He also left 200l. to the Ironmongers' Company as stock to be lent, in portions of 50l. for four years, to four journeymen of the company, and 100l. to provide for a yearly sermon in thankful remembrance of the deliverance from the Gunpowder plot, and for a dinner afterwards (ib. p. 560). His wife Alice, who died in 1641, also bequeathed 100l. to the company (ib. p. 475). A portrait of Heylyn, painted by Henry Cooke in 1640, is preserved in the court room at Ironmongers' Hall (ib. p. 464). Portraits of Heylyn and his wife and of his daughter and her husband were, in 1801, in the possession of Major-general William Congreve, R.A. then residing at Charlton, Kent (Gent. Mag. 1804, pt ii. p. 723). Dr. Peter Heylyn [q. v.], chaplain of Charles I, was the grandson of Rowland Heylyn's brother.
[Two identical but most inaccurate accounts of Rowland Heylyn are given by the biographers of Dr. Heylyn, John Barnard (Life of Dr. Heylyn, by Theologo-historicus, London, 1683. 12mo) and G. Vernon (Life etc. London, 1682. 12mo). Mr. E. Rowley Morris has obligingly supplied information.]
C. W-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heylyn, John

​HEYLYN, JOHN (1685?–1759), divine, was eldest son of John Heylyn, citizen and saddler of London, who died at Chelsea on 24 Sept. 1736, and is said to have acquired a large fortune by army contracts. His mother was Susanna, sister of Thomas Sherman of St Andrew's Holborn. He was educated at Westminster, where he was ​admitted into college in 1700. In 1705 he was elected scholar of Trinity College, Cambridge, and graduated B.A. 1708, M.A. 1711, and D.D. 1728. Rud records in his 'Diary' that Heylyn 'preach'd a very fine sermon at the archidiaconal visitation of Dr Bewley in December 1710 (Cambr. Antiq. Soc. Public, 8vo, No. v. p. 19). He became the first rector of the modern St. Mary-le-Strand on 1 Jan. 1724 and held that living until his death. He was also rector of Sunbury, Middlesex, a prebendary of St. Paul's, and a chaplain in ordinary to George II. On 2 July 1729 he was chosen lecturer of All Hallows, Lombard Street, and on 21 March 1745 was installed prebendary of Westminster. He died on 11 Aug. 1759 aged 74 and was buried on 17th in Westminster Abbey, where there is a monument to his memory. He married twice. His second wife, Elizabeth, then daughter of Mrs Elizabeth Ebbutt of St. Margaret's Westminster, died on 9 June 1747, aged 49.
From his indulgence in mysticism, Heylyn acquired the name of the 'Mystic Doctor.' He was the author of 'Theological Lectures at Westminster Abbey, with an Interpretation of the Four Gospels. To which are added some Select Discourses upon the principal points of the Revealed Religion' London, 1749, 4to. A second part of this work, entitled 'An Interpretation of the New Testament . . . containing the Acts of the Apostles', &c , was prepared by Heylyn for the press, but was not published until after his death (London, 1761, 4to). He also published six single sermons, one of which was delivered by him at the consecration of his friend Joseph Butler, bishop of Bristol (London 1789, 8vo). According to Allibone, 'Seventeen' and 'Forty' of his 'Discourses' were published in 1770 and 1793 respectively.
G. F. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heydon, Henry

​HEYDON, Sir HENRY (d. 1503), country gentleman, belonged to an old family seated at Heydon in Norfolk. As early as the thirteenth century one of the family resided in Norfolk, and the principal branch of it remained for many years in that county, inheriting the estates at Heydon and Baconsthorpe. Sir Henry was son and heir of John Heydon of Baconsthorpe (d. 1479) (Paston Letters, iii. 196), an eminent lawyer, by Eleanor, daughter of Edmund Winter of Winter Berningham, Norfolk. He married Elizabeth or perhaps Anne (see ib. ii. 304), daughter of Sir Geoffrey Boleyn, knt., and aunt of Anne Boleyn.
Heydon was steward to the household of Cecilia, duchess of York, widow of Richard, duke of York. In 1485 he was knighted. He appears to have been a man of considerable public spirit, and of refined and devout sentiments. He built in the space of six years the manorhouse at Baconsthorpe, a sumptuous quadrangular pile, now ruinous, entirely from the ground, except the tower, which was built by his father. He also built West Wickham Court in Kent, and rebuilt the parish church of West Wickham, close by it. The church of Salthouse and the causeway between Thursford and Walsingham were erected at his expense. In 1443 the moieties of Hyde Manor in Pangbourne, Berkshire, of Nutfield, Surrey, and of Shipton Sollars Manor, Gloucestershire, were settled upon him and Elizabeth his wife as her inheritance. He died in 1503, and was buried beside his father in the Heydon Chapel at Norwich Cathedral. The chapel is now destroyed, and the monuments mentioned by Blomefield have disappeared. In one of the windows of West Wickham Church there is the representation in old stained glass of a ​ kneeling human skeleton, with the words ‘Ne reminiscaris domine delicta nostra nec delicta nostrorum parentum.’ The figure is supposed to be a memorial of Sir Henry, whose arms are figured in the glass.
[Gurney's Records of the House of Gurney, 1848, &c., pp. 411, 412; J. H. Hayden's Records of the Connecticut Line of the Hayden Family, 1888, pp. 16, 17; Blomefield's Topographical Hist. of Norfolk, vi. 505, 506; Hasted's Hist. of Kent, 1778, i. 108; Verney Papers (Camd. Soc.), p. 39.]
G. C.