OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reynolds, Henry Revell

​REYNOLDS, HENRY REVELL, M.D. (1745–1811), physician, son of John Reynolds, was born at Laxton, Nottinghamshire, on 26 Sept. 1745, one month after the death of his father, and was brought up by his maternal great-uncle, Henry Revell of Gainsborough, Lincolnshire. He was sent to Beverley grammar school, and went thence on 17 March 1763 to Lincoln College, Oxford. He migrated to Trinity College, Cambridge, and, after further study at Edinburgh, graduated M.B. at Cambridge in 1768 and M.D. in 1773. He first practised at Guildford, Surrey, and there married Miss Wilson in April 1770. Dr. Huck Saunders advised him to settle in London, and in the summer of 1772 he took a house in Lamb's Conduit Street. On 30 Sept. 1773 he was admitted a candidate of the College of Physicians, and was elected a fellow on 30 Sept. 1774. He was one of the censors of the college in 1774, 1778, 1782, 1784, 1787, and 1792; was its registrar from 1781 to 1783, Gulstonian lecturer in 1775, and Harveian orator in 1776. He did not print his oration. He was elected physician to the Middlesex Hospital on 13 July 1773, and resigned in 1777, when he was elected physician to St. Thomas's Hospital, and so continued till 1783, when his extensive private practice caused him to resign. In 1788 he was asked to attend George III, and in 1797 was appointed physician-extraordinary, and in 1806 physician-in-ordinary. He was challenged by a turbulent licentiate, Dr. Richard Kentish, in November 1787, but the friends of Reynolds properly applied to a magistrate, and the court of king's bench intervened to restrain the violence of Kentish. The fatigues of attending upon the king at Windsor, added to an exhausting examination on the king's illness, during which he had to stand for two hours before the House of Lords, broke down his strength; but it was with great difficulty that Dr. John Latham [q. v.] and Dr. Henry Ainslie [q. v.] persuaded him in May to keep his room. He died at his house in Bedford Square on 22 Oct. 1811, and was buried at St. James's cemetery, Hampstead Road. He was much attached to the College of Physicians, and in his own large practice was known for his great care and lucidity, and for his skill in prescribing. His grandson, Sir John Russell Reynolds [q. v.], is noticed separately.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. ii. 899; Gent. Mag. 1811, ii. 490.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reynolds, James (1684-1747)

​REYNOLDS, Sir JAMES (1684–1747), judge, eldest son of Robert Reynolds of Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk, by Kesia, daughter of Thomas Tyrell of Gipping, Suffolk, and grand-daughter of Sir William Hervey of Ickworth in the same county, born in 1684, was admitted on 19 May 1705 of Lincoln's Inn, where he was called to the bar on 6 May 1710. On 24 Nov. 1727 he was made chief justice of the common pleas in Ireland, where he won the confidence and esteem of the people by his impartial administration of justice. In May 1740 he was appointed to the seat in the English court of exchequer vacant by the transference of Baron Parker to the common pleas, and on 11 June received the degree of the coif. He was knighted on 23 Nov. 1745, and died on 20 May 1747. He was buried in the church at Castle Camps, Cambridgeshire, near which he had a villa called the Greenhouse. His portrait was engraved by Faber.
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reynolds, John (1667-1727)

​REYNOLDS, JOHN (1667–1727), dissenting minister, born at Wolverhampton, Staffordshire, on 19 Feb. 1666–7, was eldest child of John Reynolds, formerly minister of Wolverhampton. The elder Reynolds was a friend of Richard Baxter, and is stated by Calamy to have been skilled in law and physic as well as divinity, and to have taken the degree of M.D. (Continuation of Account, p. 769). John was educated at the free school of Stourbridge. There his father mainly resided after being ejected in 1661 from Wolverhampton until 1683, when he purchased a house in St. Giles's parish, London. He died intestate next year, but John equitably shared the property with his four brothers and sisters. He matriculated from Pembroke College, Oxford, on 9 July 1684. In 1687 he left the university, where he formed an acquaintance with Thomas Gilbert, without taking his degree. He preached his first sermon at Worcester in 1693 on Acts xi. 26, and subsequently spent much time in Bristol, where he temporarily assisted Mr. Noble in the education of candidates for the dissenting ministry. He received ordination at Oldbury chapel (30 May 1699). His confession of faith on the occasion is trinitarian. An original leaning to the establishment only gradually disappeared after a close study of the points at issue between the church and the dissenters, but he was always well disposed to churchmen, and was on terms of intimacy with several of the clergy, including Edward Waddington, bishop of Chichester.
From 1699 to 1706 he resided in the family of Mr. Foley at Prestwood as chaplain. From 1706 till 1708 he was co-pastor with James Forbes (1629?–1712) [q. v.] at Gloucester. In 1708 he and Dr. Gyles were jointly appointed to take charge of a dissenting church and academy at Shrewsbury. He was also made Whitsun-week lecturer at Dudley, where his house was threatened in 1715 by rioters, who cried out for ‘the little presbyterian parson.’
Reynolds left Shrewsbury early in 1718, owing to ill-health, and, after staying with friends, settled in 1721 at Walsall as assistant pastor. There he remained till his death on 24 Aug. 1727.
Apart from sermons, including a funeral discourse on Matthew Henry (1714), and section iii. (pp. 118–148) of ‘The Doctrine of the Blessed Trinity stated and defended by some London Ministers’ (London, 1719), Reynolds's chief publications were: 1. ‘An Essay towards a Confirming Catechism prepared for the use of the more adult Catechumens,’ London, 1708 (5th edit., London, 1734). 2. ‘Death's Vision represented in a Philosophical Sacred Poem’ (London, 1709), in the style of Herbert, and abounding in ‘conceits;’ reprinted in ‘A Collection of Divine Hymns and Poems upon several occasions,’ 3rd edit., London, 1719; appended to the 3rd edition of Reynolds's ‘Memoirs.’ 3. ‘Inquiries concerning the State and Œconomy of the Angelical Worlds,’ London, 1723.
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reynolds, Henry (fl.1630)

​REYNOLDS, HENRY (fl. 1630), poet and critic, the friend to whom Drayton addressed his epistle ‘Of Poets and Poesie’ (printed 1627), was the author of: 1. ‘Torquato Tasso's Aminta Englisht. To this is added Ariadne's Complaint in imitation of Anguillara …,’ London, 1628, 4to (see Arber, Transcript of the Register of the Stationers' Company, iv. 188). 2. ‘Mythomystes, wherein a short Survay is taken of the nature and value of true Poesy, and depth of the Ancients above our modern Poets. To which is annexed the tale of Narcissus briefly mythologized,’ London (1632), 4to. The book is undated; but it was entered as ‘by Henry Reynolds’ on 10 Aug. 1632 (Arber, u.s. iv. 282). Hazlitt (Handbook to Early English Literature, p. 502) mentions an edition of 1643. Payne Collier (Bibliographical Account, &c. i. 553) assigned ‘Mythomystes’ to Reynolds upon the authority of the letters ‘H. R.,’ appended to the dedication to Henry, lord Ma[l]trevers, and upon internal evidence. His ascription is confirmed by the entry above referred to; and a comparison of the ‘Tale of Narcissus’ with the ‘Aminta,’ apart from the evidence of the ‘Stationers' Register,’ leaves no doubt as to their common origin.
Reynolds, of whom beyond his friendship with Drayton no personal fact is known, has verses in Lawes's ‘Ayres and Dialogues,’ 1653 and 1655.
[Authorities cited in text; Cat. of Early Printed Books.]
G. T. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reynolds, James (1686-1739)

​REYNOLDS, JAMES (1686–1739), judge, born at Clerkenwell on 6 Jan. 1685–6, was second son of James Reynolds of Helions Bumpstead, Essex, afterwards of Bury St. Edmunds, by his first wife, Bridget Parker. His grandfather was Sir James Reynolds of Castle Camps, Cambridgeshire. Sir John Reynolds [q. v.] and Robert Reynolds (fl. 1640–1660) [q. v.] were his uncles. He was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1701, proceeded M.A. in 1705, and was elected a fellow. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn on 11 Nov. 1712, and the same year was elected recorder ​of Bury St. Edmunds, for which borough he was returned to parliament on 16 May 1717, having in the meantime been made serjeant-at-law (24 Jan. 1714–15).
At the conference held by the judges at Serjeants' Inn on 22–24 Jan. 1717–18 on the question whether the royal prerogative included the care and education of the royal grandchildren, Reynolds argued with great learning and ability the claim of the Prince of Wales to be both natural and legal guardian of his children. Appointed on 16 March 1724–5 to the puisne-judgeship in the king's bench vacant by the advancement of Sir Robert Raymond [q. v.] to the chief-justiceship, he was continued in office on the accession of George II. On 30 April 1730 he succeeded Sir Thomas Pengelly [q. v.] as lord chief baron of the exchequer. Failing eyesight compelled his resignation in July 1738, when he was succeeded by Sir John Comyns [q. v.] His death followed on 9 Feb. 1738–9. His remains were interred in St. James's Church, Bury St. Edmunds, where a costly but inartistic monument and magniloquent epitaph perpetuate his fame. His portrait was engraved by Vertue (Bromley).
Reynolds married twice. His first wife, Mary, daughter of Thomas Smith of Thrandeston Hall, Suffolk, died on 18 July 1736. His second wife, married in July 1737, was Alicia Rainbird. He had issue by neither wife. His estate passed to the Frere family, with which he was connected by the marriage of his first wife's sister with Edward Frere of Thwaite, Suffolk. Some of his letters are in Addit. MS. 32556, ff. 121, 196, 200, 232.
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reynolds, John (1549-1607)

​REYNOLDS, JOHN (1549–1607), president of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and dean of Lincoln. [See Rainolds.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Reynolds, James (1805-1866)

​REYNOLDS, JAMES (1805–1866), orientalist, born in 1805, was the younger son of Cornwall Reynolds of Clapton. The father, a naval surgeon, had sailed with Lord Nelson, who stood godfather to his elder son. James, after being educated at a private school, entered St. Catharine's College, Cambridge, as a sizar. He graduated B.A. in 1826. In the following year he was ordained deacon, and in 1828 took priest's orders. He acted for some time as chaplain to the first Earl of Munster [see Fitzclarence, George Augustus Frederick], through whose influence he was appointed, on 27 Oct. 1837, perpetual curate of St. Mary's Chapel, Great Ilford, Essex. In the same year he became secretary to the Oriental Translation Fund of the Royal Asiatic Society, to whose publications he contributed. He died at Great Ilford on 19 April 1866.
Reynolds, who was a good Persian and Arabic scholar, published: 1. ‘The History of the Temple at Jerusalem, by Jalal-addin-al-Sinti, translated from the Arabic, with Notes and Dissertations,’ 1836, 8vo (Oriental Transl. Fund, xlv.). 2. ‘Brief Discourses on certain of the Epistles and Gospels,’ 1856. 3. ‘The Kitab-i-Vamini: Historical Memoirs of Amir Sabaktagin and Sultan Mahmûd of Ghuzni,’ translated from the Persian version of the Arabic Chronicle of Al Utibi, 1858, 8vo (Oriental Transl. Fund, lxix.). Reynolds also superintended the publication of Sir Gore Ouseley's ‘Biographical Notices of Persian Poets’ in 1846, and wrote the prefatory memoir of the author (Oriental Transl. Fund, lxi.).
G. Le G. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lukin, Henry

1904 Errata appended.
​LUKIN, HENRY (1628–1719), nonconformist divine, born 1 Jan. 1627–8, belonged to the family of Lukin of Mashbury, Essex. He was probably the second son of Henry Lukin, by his second wife Hannah (see Visitation of Essex, Harl. Soc., xiii. 438). He seems to have adopted puritan opinions. At the Restoration he was travelling in France, probably as tutor with Sir William Masham of High Lever, Essex. He was still abroad at the passing of the Act of Uniformity in 1662, and was ‘silenced at a distance.’ According to Davids he was then associated with Lindsell, a parish three miles from Great Dunmow, but is also stated to have held neither benefice nor cure. In 1663, the year of Sir William Masham's death, Lukin returned to England, and resided ‘for many years’ with Mrs. Masham of Matching Hall (apparently Sir William's mother, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Trevor Lukin), preaching regularly at Matching Green, where a nonconformist chapel, which survived until 1745, was afterwards erected. Through the Masham family Lukin became the friend of the philosopher Locke, and is said to have been the last person with him when he died. Lukin died on 13 Sept. 1719.
Lukin published: 1. ‘The Practice of Godliness, or Brief Rules directing Christians how to keep their hearts,’ &c., 2nd ed. London, 1650, dedicated to Mrs. Elizabeth Masham. 2. ‘The Life of Faith, wherein is shewed the use of Faith in all the Passages of a Christian's Life,’ London, 1660. To this is appended, with separate paging, 3. ‘A Discourse of Right Judgment’ (on John vii. 24). 4. ‘The Chief Interest of Man, or a Discourse of Religion, clearly demonstrating the Equity of the Precepts of the Gospel,’ London, 1665; 3rd ed. 1718. In 1705 a Latin translation of this appeared at Oxford, by Simon Priest, M.A., with the title ‘Lucrum Hominis præcipuum sive de Religione Tractatus.’ 5. ‘An Introduction to the Holy Scripture, containing the several Tropes, Figures, Proprieties of Speech used therein, &c.,’ London, 1669. 6. ‘The Interest of the Spirit in Prayer,’ London, 1674 and 1678, 8vo. 7. An introductory letter, dated 21 Nov. 1690, prefixed to Timothy Rogers's ‘Discourse on Trouble of Mind,’ 1706. 8. ‘A Remedy against Spiritual Troubles,’ 1694, 12mo (Calamy).
[Watt's Bibl. Brit.; Lukin's preface to the reader in the Chief Interest of Man; Harleian Soc., vol. xiii.; Davids's Nonconformity in Essex; Calamy's Account, p. 314, Continuation, p. 492, expanded in Palmer's Nonconf. Mem. ii. 229.]
W. A. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.187 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 266 | i | 2 f.e. | Lukin, Henry: after xiii. 438). insert Following the example of his elder brother William, who was admitted a pensioner of Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1641, he joined that College 8 July 1645 aged 17 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Luke, Stephen

​LUKE, STEPHEN, M.D. (1763–1829), physician, second son of Stephen Luke, was born at Penzance, Cornwall, in 1763. He was sent to the school of the Rev. James Parker, was then apprenticed to Richard Moyle, apothecary, of Marazion, and subsequently studied medicine in London and Paris for three years, becoming a member of the Corporation of Surgeons. After a short period of practice in London he returned to Cornwall and practised at Helston. He obtained the degree of M.D. from the university of Aberdeen, 24 June 1792, and settled as a physician at Falmouth, where he soon attained a large practice and was elected mayor in 1797. He was captain of the Pendennis volunteer cavalry in the same year and the original promoter of the Pendennis artillery volunteers. He became an extra-licentiate of the College of Physicians 23 July 1806. He entered in 1808 at Jesus College, Cambridge, and in 1811 took a house in Exeter for a short stay. Practice, however, came to him, and he stayed there nearly four years. He was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians 26 June 1815, and took a house in Cavendish Square, London. He graduated M.B. at Cambridge later in 1815 and M.D. in 1821. In 1828 he was made physician extraordinary to George IV. He died in London 30 March 1829. He married Harriot, daughter of Philip Puron Vyvyan of Tresmarrow, South Petherwin.
Luke contributed an essay on nitrous acid in dropsy to Thomas Beddoes's ‘Contributions to Physical and Medical Knowledge,’ 1799. In this he describes a single case of cirrhosis of the liver in which, after tapping, nitrous acid was of use as a diuretic. He also added ‘Observations on the Diseases of Cornwall’ to Polwhele's ‘History of Cornwall,’ 1806.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. iii. 131; Gent. Mag. 1829, i. 641; Luard's Grad. Cantab.; Boase and Courtney's Bibl. Cornub. i. 328, iii. 1271.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lulach

​LULACH, LUTHLACH, LULAG, LAHOULAN, DULACH, or GULAK (d. 1058), king of Scots, was son of Gilcomgan, mormaer of Moray. His mother, a daughter of Boedhe, of the house of Kenneth I [q. v.], was probably Gruoch, the wife, after Gilcomgan's death, of Macbeth [q. v.] Lulach was the representative of the house of Kenneth, and was brought up under Macbeth's guardianship. On the death of Macbeth in 1057 he succeeded to the mormaership of Moray, and was set up as king by the people of Alban; but he had no real power, and after a nominal reign, said to have begun on 8 Sept., was slain by craft by a son of Malcolm, son of Duncan, at Essy in Strathbolgy, on the border of the present Aberdeenshire, on 17 March 1058, and was buried in Iona. By Latin writers he is called ‘fatuus,’ and in the ‘Prophecy of St. Berchan’ ‘the Tairbith’ (i.e. misfortune). In the same poem he is said to have dwelt ‘at Loch Deabhra’ in Lochaber. He left a son named Maelsnechta, who succeeded him as mormaer of Moray, and died in 1085, and a daughter, whose son Angus succeeded his uncle as mormaer, or, as it was then called, earl, of Moray, rebelled against David of Scotland, and was slain in 1130.
[Marianus, an. 1079 (1057) ap. Mon. Germ. Hist. Scriptt. v. 558, ed. Pertz; Tighernac ap. Rerum Hibern. Ann. ii. 300, 301, ed. O'Conor; Chronicles of the Picts and Scots, with extracts about Lulach from both the above, the Prophecy of St. Berchan, p. 102, and other notices, passim, ed. Skene (Chrons. and Memorials, Scotland); Fordun's Scotichron. v. c. 9, ed. Hearne, pp. 398, 399; Robertson's Scotland under her Early Kings, i. 111, 124; Skene's Celtic Scotland, i. 411, 460; Burton's Hist. of Scotland, i. 347; Rhys's Celtic Britain, pp. 191, 195.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lumley, Henry

​LUMLEY, HENRY (1660–1722), general and governor of Jersey, born in 1660, was second son of John Lumley, by Mary, daughter of Sir Henry Compton, and brother of Richard Lumley, first earl of Scarborough [q. v.] He obtained a commission in 1685 in the queen's regiment of horse, now the 1st dragoon guards, and served with it throughout the wars of William III and Anne. He is stated to have passed through twenty campaigns, and bore a high reputation for courage. When Sir John Lanier [q. v.], the colonel of the queen's horse, was killed at Steinkirk in 1692, Lumley was made colonel (10 Aug.) in his stead, and on 22 March 1692–3 he was promoted brigadier-general. He was at Neerwinden and Landen in 1693, covering the retreat on 19 July, and saving William III from capture by the enemy. In 1695 he was at the siege of Namur. On 1 Jan. 1695–6 he became major-general. After the peace of Ryswick (1697) he returned to England, and his regiment, though reduced, was one of those which were not disbanded in February 1698–9. Lumley was elected M.P. for Sussex in 1701 and 1702, and for Arundel in 1715. On 27 Feb. 1701–1702 he embarked at Woolwich for the campaign in Flanders, and was promoted lieutenant-general on 11 Feb. 1702–3. He became governor of Jersey in 1703, and in 1710 he was given the office for life, on the recommendation of Marlborough; he never visited the island, but Falle says that he was very ​attentive to such of the inhabitants as had business in London. In July 1704 he took part in the bloody assault on the Schellenberg and with the horse prevented some of the young recruits from running away. At Blenheim he was on the left wing, and he afterwards fought at Ramillies, Oudenarde, and Malplaquet. On 30 Jan. 1710–11 he was promoted full general. In 1717 he resigned the command of his regiment, and died on 18 Oct. 1722. He was buried in the church at Sawbridgeworth in Hertfordshire, where there is an inscription to his memory. His portrait is at Lumley Castle. Lumley married, first, Elizabeth Thimbleby of Lincolnshire, and, secondly, Anne, daughter of Sir William Wiseman of Great Canfield Hall, Essex. A daughter, Frances, by his second wife died in 1719.
[Luttrell's Brief Hist. Rel. ii. 536, iii. 61, iv. 487, v. 268, vi. 218, 434, 686; Marlborough's Despatches, ed. Murray, i. 96, 330, 403, iii. 364, 668, iv. 397, v. 31; Beatson's Political Index; Wyon's Hist. of Great Britain during the Reign of Queen Anne, i. 252, 262; Boyer's Reign of Queen Anne (1735), pp. 148, &c.; Cannon's Hist. Records of the 1st Dragoon Guards; Kane's Campaigns of King William and the Duke of Marlborough; Return of Members of Parliament, i. 590, 605, ii. 44; Surtees's Durham, ii. 163; Falle's Jersey, p. 134; Salmon's Hertfordshire, p. 266.]
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Newport, Maurice

​NEWPORT verè Ewens, MAURICE (1611–1687), jesuit, son of John Ewens and his wife, Elizabeth Keynes, was born in Somerset in 1611. After studying humanities in the College of the English Jesuits at St. Omer, he entered the English College at Rome for his higher studies 18 Oct. 1628. He was ordained priest at Rome 13 Nov. 1634, and left the college for Belgium, by leave of the pope, 26 April 1635, in order to join the Society of Jesus. He was admitted at Watten, near St. Omer, the same year, under the assumed name of Maurice Newport, by which he was always known. On 23 Nov. 1643 he was professed of the four vows. After a course of teaching in the College of St. Omer, he was sent to the English mission, and stationed in the Hampshire district in 1644. Subsequently he continued his labours in the Devonshire and Oxford districts, and finally in the London district, of which he was declared rector 17 May 1666, and where he remained till the time of Oates's ‘Popish Plot’ (1678–9), when he succeeded in effecting his escape to Belgium. For some years he resided in the colleges of his order at Ghent and Liège, but eventually he returned to London, where he died on 4 Dec. 1687.
He was the author of a Latin poem, much admired at the time, entitled ‘Votum Candidum,’ being a congratulatory effusion, dedicated to Charles II, London, 1665, 4to; 2nd edit., ‘emendatior,’ London, 1669, 8vo; 3rd edit., ‘ab autore recognita,’ London, 1676, 8vo; 4th edit., London, 1679, 4to, under the title of ‘Ob pacem toti fere Christiano orbi mediante Carolo II … redditam, ad eundem sereniss. principem Carmen Votivum.’ At the end of the third edition is an additional poem upon the birth, to James and Mary, duke and duchess of York, of their son Charles, the infant Duke of Cambridge, who died in December 1677.
Newport also wrote a manuscript treatise, ‘De Scientiâ Dei,’ preserved in the library at Salamanca; and Oliver conjectures that he was the author of ‘A Golden Censer full with the pretious Incense to the Praisers of Saints,’ Paris, 1654, dedicated to Queen Henrietta Maria.
T. C.