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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnard, William (1697-1768)

​BARNARD, WILLIAM, D.D. (1697–1768), bishop of Derry, the son of John Barnard, was born at Clapham, Surrey, in or about 1697, and admitted into Westminster School, on the foundation, in 1713, whence he was elected in 1717 to a scholarship at Trinity College, Cambridge (B.A. 1720, M.A. 1724, D.D. 1740). He was elected a minor fellow of Trinity on 1 Oct. 1723, and a major fellow on 7 July 1724 (Addit. MS. 5846, f. 124). On 11 July 1726 he was collated to the rectory of Esher, Surrey, and so became acquainted with the Duke of Newcastle, who appointed him his chaplain. He was appointed chaplain to the king in 1728, and he held the same office at Chelsea College. In January 1728–9 he was presented to the vicarage of St. Bride's, Fleet Street, London, which he held till his translation to Derry. On 4 Oct. 1732 he was installed prebendary of Westminster, and on 26 April 1743 he was gazetted to the deanery of ​Rochester. He was appointed to the see of Raphoe on 14 May 1744, and translated to Derry on 3 March 1747. Having returned to England on account of ill-health, he died in Great Queen Street, Westminster, on 10 Jan. 1768, in the seventy-second year of his age, and was buried in the north aisle of Westminster Abbey, where a tablet records his virtues and dignities (Malcolm, Londinium Redivivum, i. 122). He married a sister of Dr. George Stone, archbishop of Armagh. His eldest son, Thomas Barnard [q. v.], became bishop of Limerick. His second son, Henry, was father of Sir Andrew Francis [q. v.] and of the Rev. William, father of Sir Henry William [q. v.] Barnard was a great benefactor to the see of Derry. His only publication is ‘A Sermon preached before the Incorporated Society for Promoting English Protestant Schools in Ireland,’ Dublin, 1752, 8vo.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnardiston, Thomas (d.1669)

1904 Errata appended.
​BARNARDISTON, Sir THOMAS (d. 1669), parliamentarian, was the eldest son of Sir Nathaniel and Lady Jane Barnardiston, and was knighted by Charles I on 4 July 1641. He was frequently one of the parliamentary assessors for Suffolk from 1643 onwards, and was on the committee of the Eastern Counties' Association. Cromwell addressed a letter (31 July 1643) to Sir Thomas and his neighbours, in which he spoke of them as his ‘noble friends,’ and urged them in very forcible terms to raise 2,000 foot soldiers (Camden Society Miscellany, v. 87). In 1645 Barnardiston became M.P. for Bury St. Edmunds, in place of a member disabled as a royalist; he brought a regiment of foot to the assistance of the parliamentary forces at Colchester in 1648, and was perhaps the Thomas Barnardiston appointed by the parliament in 1649 comptroller of the mint (Cal. Dom. State Papers, 1649–50). Sir Thomas was M.P. for Suffolk in Cromwell's parliaments of 1654 and 1656, and in Richard Cromwell's parliament of 1658–9. He was in 1654 one of the commissioners ‘for ejecting scandalous, ignorant, and insufficient ministers and schoolmasters’ from Suffolk. On 20 Nov. 1655 he headed the list of those who signed a declaration to secure the peace of the commonwealth in the eastern counties; to his signature great importance was attached by the major-general of the eastern counties (Thurloe, State Papers, iv. 225). But Sir Thomas's republican sympathies disappeared with the Restoration. He was elected M.P. for Sudbury in 1661 on a double return, but was unseated. He received a baronetcy from the king on 7 April 1663 ‘for the antiquity of the family and the virtues of his ancestors.’ He died in October 1669, and was buried at ​Ketton. He married Ann, daughter of Sir William Armine [q. v.], of Osgodby, Lincolnshire. Their eldest son, Thomas, succeeded to the baronetcy on his father's death; was twice returned to parliament for Great Grimsby (1685 and 1689), and thrice for Sudbury, Suffolk (1690, 1695, and 1698); he died in 1698. The baronetcy became extinct in 1745.
S. L. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.16 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 246 | ii | 36 | Barnadiston, Sir Thomas: for resigning through ill health read disabled as a royalist |
| | | 4 f.e. | after supported insert He was elected M.P. for Sudbury in 1661 on a double return, but was unseated |
| 247 | i | 5-6 | for frequently . . . . Suffolk read twice returned to parliament for Great Grimsb, 1685 and 1689, and thrice for Sudbury, Suffolk, 1690, 1695, and 1698 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnard, William (1774-1849)

​BARNARD, WILLIAM (1774–1849), mezzotint engraver, was born in 1774. He practised his art in London, and held for some years the office of keeper of the British Institution. He died 11 Nov. 1849. Among his most successful plates are ‘Summer’ and ‘Winter,’ after Morland, which are often found printed in colours, and no less than four portraits of Lord Nelson, after Abbott.
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnard, John (fl.1641)

​BARNARD, JOHN (fl. 1641), musician, of whose life nothing else is known, was a minor canon of St. Paul's in the reign of Charles I. He was the first who made a collection of cathedral music, and it is through his most valuable collection ​that some of the finest specimens of the English school of the sixteenth century have been preserved. The work was published in 1641 under the title of ‘The First Book of selected Church Musick, consisting of Services and Anthems, such as are now used in the Cathedrall and Collegiat Churches of this Kingdome. Never before printed. Whereby such Bookes as were heretofore with much difficulty and charges, transcribed for the use of the Quire, are now to the saving of much Labour and expence, publisht for the general good of all such as shall desire them either for publick or private exercise. Collected out of divers approved Authors.’ A complete list of the contents of the work is given in Grove's Dictionary under ‘Barnard.’ No absolutely perfect set of the part-books is known to exist, though the set in Hereford cathedral approaches most nearly to completion. A score has been constructed by Mr. John Bishop, of Cheltenham, but is unpublished; it is in the British Museum. All the composers represented in the work were dead at the time of its compilation, the collector having intended to give selections from living writers in a future publication, which never appeared. In the Sacred Harmonic Library many of the manuscript collections made by Barnard for his work are preserved, together with a set of the published part-books, second only to the Hereford set. A very imperfect set is in the British Museum.
[Burney's History of Music; Grove's Dictionary of Music and Musicians.]
J. A. F. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnard, Thomas

​BARNARD, THOMAS, D.D. (1728–1806), bishop of Limerick, was the eldest son of Dr. William Barnard, bishop of Derry [q. v.], and was born in or about 1728. He was educated at Westminster School, and admitted a king's scholar in 1741, being then thirteen years of age (Welch, Alumni Westmon. ed. Phillimore, 324). He graduated M.A. at Cambridge in 1749; was collated to the archdeaconry of Derry on 3 June 1761, when he was created D.D. by the university of Dublin; was instituted to the deanery of Derry on 2 June 1769; was consecrated bishop of Killaloe and Kilfenora on 20 Feb. 1780; was translated to the united sees of Limerick, Ardfert, and Aghadoe by patent dated 12 Sept. 1794; and died on 7 June 1806 at Wimbledon, in the house of his only son, Andrew Barnard, husband of Lady Anne [q. v.]
He married first the daughter of William Browne, Esq., of Browne's Hill, county Carlow; secondly, in 1803, Jane, daughter of John Ross-Lewin, Esq., of Fort Fergus, county Clare.
Dr. Barnard was elected a fellow of the Royal Society on 29 May 1783, and was a member of most of the literary societies in the United Kingdom, particularly of the famous club to which Garrick, Johnson, Burke, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Cumberland, and Goldsmith also belonged. Goldsmith, in the ‘Retaliation,’ describes him as
Ven'son just fresh from the plains;
and in the same poem thus writes his epitaph:—
Here lies the good dean, reunited to earth, Who mix'd reason with pleasure, and wisdom with mirth; If he had any faults, he has left us in doubt; At least in six weeks I could not find them out; Yet some have declar'd, and it can't be denied 'em, That Slyboots was cursedly cunning to hide 'em.
The famous encounter with Johnson, who illustrated his favourite position that a man could improve in late life by telling Barnard that there was plenty of room for improvement in him, is told by Richard Burke (letter of 6 Jan. 1773 in Burke's Correspondence (1844), i. 403–7), and by Miss Reynolds (appendix to Croker's Boswell), and is noticed by Boswell (under 1781), who says that the two were afterwards good friends. Miss Reynolds tells the story to show how handsomely Johnson could apologise. Walpole refers to it characteristically in a letter to the Countess of Ossory, on 27 Dec. 1775, after referring to Barnard's well-known verses, which conclude:—
Johnson shall teach me how to place In fairest light each borrow'd grace; From him I'll learn to write,— Copy his clear, familiar style, And, by the roughness of his file, Grow, like himself, polite.
[Boswell's Johnson, ed. Croker (1876), ix. 215; Burke's Correspondence, ii. 463; Cantabrigienses Graduati (1787), 23; Cat. of Dublin Graduates (1869), 28; Cotton's Fasti Eccl. Hibern. i. 332, 407, iv. 334, 338; Gent. Mag. lxxvi. (i.), 588; Thomson's Hist. of the Royal Society, append. p. lix; Walpole's Letters (Cunningham), vi. 302; Welch's Alumni Westmon. (Phillimore) 325.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnardiston, Thomas (d.1752)

​BARNARDISTON, THOMAS (d. 1752), legal reporter, was educated at the Middle Temple, and created a serjeant-at-law 3 June 1735. He died 14 Oct. 1752, and was buried on the 20th at Chelsea.
His reports in Chancery were published in folio, 1740, 1741, and 1742; and his ‘Reports of Cases adjudged in the King's Bench,’ from 12 Geo. I to 7 Geo. II, were published in 2 vols. folio in 1744. Sir James Burrow asserts that ‘Lord Mansfield absolutely forbid the citing of Barnardiston's reports in Chancery, for that it would only be misleading students to put them upon reading it (sic). He said it was marvellous, however, to those who knew the serjeant and his manner of taking notes, that he should so often stumble upon what was right, but that there was not one case in his book which was so throughout.’ And Lord Lyndhurst remarks: ‘I recollect in my younger days it was said of Barnardiston that he was accustomed to slumber over his note-book, and the wags in his rear took the opportunity of scribbling nonsense in it.’ Lord Manners, on the other hand, said on one occasion: ‘Although Barnardiston is not considered a very correct reporter, yet some of his cases are very accurately reported;’ and Lord Eldon, in reference to the same work, observed: ‘I take the liberty of saying that in that book there are reports of very great authority.’ A comparison of the volumes with the registrar's book has proved that Barnardiston for the most part correctly reported the decisions of the court. His reports have a peculiar value from the fact of their containing the decisions of the great Lord Hardwicke.
Barnardiston's King's Bench reports also have been repeatedly denounced, and yet they are frequently cited.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnes, Ambrose

​BARNES, AMBROSE (1627–1710), nonconformist, of Newcastle, the eldest son of Thomas Barnes, a prominent puritan of Startforth, Yorkshire, was born there in 1627; was apprenticed to a merchant adventurer of Newcastle in 1646; showed remarkable aptitude for trade; became a merchant adventurer in 1654–5; was alderman of Newcastle in 1658, and mayor in 1660–1. An ardent puritan from his youth, Barnes strove to alleviate the sufferings of the nonconformists in the north during the reign of Charles II, and was for some time imprisoned in Tynemouth Castle for holding prayer-meetings in his own house. He was the intimate friend of Richard Gilpin, Simeon Ashe, Edmund Calamy, and Joseph Caryll, and often met Richard Baxter at the London house of Alderman Henry Ashurst [q. v.] He died 23 March 1709–10. He married Mary Butler in 1655, and had by her seven children. His eldest son Joseph was recorder of Newcastle from 1687 to 1711, and his son Thomas was minister of the independent congregation from 1698 till his death in 1731. Barnes wrote a ‘Breviate of the Four Monarchies,’ an ‘Inquiry into the Nature, Grounds, and Reasons of Religion,’ and a ‘Censure upon the Times and Age he lived in.’ Extracts only from these works, which all display much learning, have been published; but they remain in manuscript in the library of the Literary and Philosophical Society of Newcastle, together with a very elaborate, though discursive, life of their author (dated 1716) by an unidentified writer, who signs himself ‘M. R.’ Barnes's memoirs and works were printed in an abridged form by the Newcastle Typographical Society in 1828, and again in a completer shape, with elaborate notes, by the Surtees Society in 1867, under the direction of Mr. W. H. D. Longstaffe. The ‘Life’ shows Barnes to have been a man of high and independent character, and to have enjoyed the regard of men of all religious and political parties. He hated Charles II, whom he saw in London when he presented a petition to the privy council in behalf of the municipal rights of Newcastle, but he showed much respect for James II.
[Memoirs of Ambrose Barnes, Surtees Society, 1867.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barnard, John (fl.1685-1693)

1904 Errata appended.
​BARNARD, JOHN (fl. 1685–1693), supporter of James II, was son of Dr. John Barnard [q. v.], fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, and sometime rector of Waddington, near Lincoln, by Lettice, daughter of Dr. Peter Heylyn. He became a student of Lincoln College (matriculating 17 Nov. 1676 at the age of fifteen), and was elected fellow of Brasenose College (being then B.A.) in 1682. This date (which we learn from Anthony à Wood) gives us 1661–2 for the date of his birth. He proceeded afterwards to holy orders in the church of England.
According to Wood, in December 1685, after James II's accession, Barnard ‘took all occasions to talk at Bal. coffee house on behalf of popery.’ Later he declared himself a papist, and took the name of Joh. Augustine Barnard (or Bernard) ‘protected by the king’ (May 1686), ‘for what he should do or omit.’ He was ‘dispenc'd’ ‘from going to common prayer, rarely to sacrament.’ On 3 Jan. 1686–7 ‘came a mandamus from the king that he should succeed Mr. —— Halton, of Queen's College [Oxford], in the [White's] moral philosophy lecture.’ On 28 March 1687 he was elected and admitted moral philosophy reader. In October 1688 he left the university, and soon afterwards sent in his resignation of his ​fellowship at Brasenose upon a forethought ‘that the Prince of Orange would turn the scales, as he did.’ He likewise resigned the moral philosophy lecture 5 Jan. 1688–9. He is found in Ireland with King James when he landed there. He was ‘taken notice of’ by his majesty, who ‘talk'd familiarly with him.’ In September 1690 he returned from Ireland and came to Chester, ‘poor and bare.’ He was reconciled to the church of England, ‘as 'tis said,’ and was ‘maintain'd with dole for some time by the Bishop of Chester (Stratford).’ Wood states that he ‘wrote some little things that were printed.’ His only known literary performance was that he ‘continued, corrected, and enlarged, with great additions throughout,’ the ‘great Geographical Dictionary of Edmund Bohun, Esq.’ (1693, folio), and placed before it ‘A Reflection upon the Grand Dictionary Historique, or the Great Historical Dictionary of Lewis Morery, D.D., printed at Utrecht 1692.’ The date of his death is unrecorded.
[Wood's Athenæ (ed. Bliss), iv. 610; Brasenose Reg.; Hearne, in his Diary, (vol. ix), speaks of his turning papist; Wood's Fasti (ii. 372) says: ‘he hath published several things, but such is his modesty that he'll acknowledge none;’ cf. Bliss's manuscript annotated copy of the Fasti in the Bodleian Library.]
A. B. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.16 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 240 | i | 4 | Barnard, John (fl. 1685-93): for 1688 read 1688-9 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Edmonds, Richard

​EDMONDS, RICHARD (1801–1886), scientific writer, eldest son of Richard Edmonds, town clerk and solicitor of Penzance, was born on 18 Sept. 1801, and educated at Penzance. He had some poetical tastes, afterwards manifested in forty-four hymns contributed to a volume of ‘Hymns for Festivals of the Church’ (1857). In 1828 he contributed to the ‘Cornish Magazine.’ The Royal Geological Society of Cornwall, founded at Penzance in 1814, stimulated Edmonds to geological observations in Mount's Bay, especially on the sandbanks between Penzance and Marazion and the submerged forests of that shore, and he communicated his results to that society. In 1843 the Penzance Natural History and Antiquarian Society was established. It began to publish in 1846, and communications from Edmonds were revised and collected in a volume entitled ‘The Land's End District: its Antiquities, Natural History, Natural Phenomena, and Scenery’ (1862). In 1832 Edmonds sent papers ‘On Meteors observed in Cornwall’ and ‘On the Ancient Church discovered in Perranzabuloe’ to the ‘Literary Gazette’ and the ‘London and Edinburgh Philosophical Magazine,’ and subsequently from time to time he contributed to these journals on antiquarian and geological subjects. Edmonds was corresponding secretary for Cornwall of the Cambrian Archæological Society. He became a diligent inquirer after the evidences of Phœnician commerce, of Roman rule, and Celtic possession in the western peninsula of Cornwall. He collected many interesting facts, but was wanting in the critical faculty necessary for useful investigation.
On 5 July 1843 a remarkable disturbance of the sea was observed in Mount's Bay. Edmonds recorded with much care the phenomena as observed by him at Penzance. He collected accounts of analogous phenomena on the Cornish coast, and in subsequent years several examples of similar alternate ebbings and flowings of the sea were recorded by Edmonds and others, and rather hastily attributed by him to submarine earthquakes. Edmonds thus gained the title of a seismologist, to which he certainly can make no claim. He was singularly modest and timid, even to the point of confusion in stating his views. Notwithstanding this he collected with much labour all the remarkable facts connected with earthquakes, and induces his readers to believe that he traces some connection between the abnormal tides of the Atlantic and the small earthquake shocks sometimes felt in Cornwall. He had never received any scientific training, and failed to attribute the oscillations to their true cause, the formation ​of a vast tide wave in mid ocean, probably due to astronomical influences. He wrote about twelve papers on the Celtic remains of Cornwall, upon Roman antiquities, and ancient customs. His papers on the agitations of the sea were sent to the Royal Irish Academy, to the British Association, the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ the ‘Philosophical Magazine,’ as well as to the journals published by the Cornwall Geological Society and to the Royal Institution of Cornwall. Edmonds left Cornwall shortly after 1870, and died in 1886.
R. H-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Edmond, — (16th cent.)

Later editions give the name William Edmonds; William Edmond in the ODNB.
​EDMOND, — (16th cent.), colonel in the Dutch service, born at Stirling, was the son of a baker. While still a boy he ran away from home from some unknown cause, and found his way to the Low Countries, where he enlisted as a common soldier under Maurice, prince of Orange, and finally rose to the rank of colonel. Having won fortune and rank he returned to Scotland and lived with his parents at Stirling, where he built the manse which was pulled down in 1822. He also presented a pair of colours to the town. The date of his death is unknown. He was a friend of the Earl of Mar. One of his daughters married Sir Thomas Livingstone; their eldest son was created Viscount Teviot by William III in 1698. On his death in 1711 the peerage became extinct.
[Chambers's Eminent Scotsmen, 1875; Nimmo's Stirlingshire, 1777, p. 366; Sir R. Sibbald's Stirlingshire, 1710, p. 44.]
N. D. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Edith (962?-984)

​EDITH or EADGYTH, Saint (962?–984), the daughter of King Eadgar and Wulfthryth (Wulfrid or Wulftrud), was born in 962 or late in 961. Her mother, though at that time not a professed nun, had worn the veil at Wilton before the king made her his mistress, and appears to have been united to him by ‘handfasting’ [see under Edgar]. After the birth of her child she refused to yield to his wish that they should complete the contract by a regular marriage, and, taking her child with her according to custom, went back to Wilton, is said to have become abbess of the house (Monasticon, ii. 323, 324; but compare Robertson, Hist. Essays, 202), and lived there until her death. Eadgyth was therefore brought up at Wilton. She was a learned young lady, and early in life received the veil from Æthelwold, bishop of Winchester. When she was fifteen her father offered to make her abbess of three houses; but she refused, for she would not leave her mother. An illustration of the laxity which prevailed among such highborn nuns with regard to the rule of their order is afforded by the fact that the saintly Eadgyth would occasionally dress with great magnificence. On one occasion Æthelwold took her to task for this, but she answered the bishop by reminding him that St. Augustine had said that ‘pride could lurk even in rags.’ She built a church at Wilton dedicated to St. Dionysius, and is said to have been noted for her attachment to the sign of the cross. Archbishop Dunstan had warning of her approaching end, and attended her deathbed. She died on 16 Sept. 984, in her twenty-third year, and was buried by Dunstan in the church she had built. Thirteen years later Dunstan, finding that many miracles were worked at her tomb, caused it to be opened, and discovered certain parts of the saint's body undecayed. The saint, it is said, appeared to him and explained the special meaning of the miracle. In after years Cnut chanced to be at Wilton, and hating, it is said, the English saints, mocked at the reverence paid to St. Eadgyth, declaring that he would never believe in the sanctity of the daughter of Eadgar, a man ‘given up to vices and the slave of lust.’ Archbishop Æthelnoth reproved him for his impiety; but the king commanded the virgin's tomb to be opened, that he might see what proof of her holiness she could bring. On this being done the virgin seemed to the king as though she was about to fly upon him. He repented in great terror, and in every part of England her ‘day’ was kept with much reverence (Gesta Pontiff. 190).
W. H.