OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/São Luiz

See also São Luís, Maranhão and São Luís Island on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SÃO LUIZ, or in full, São Luiz de Maranhão (also spelt Maranham), a seaport of northern Brazil, capital of the state of Maranhão, on the W. side of an island of the same name, in 2° 30′ S., 44° 17′ W., about 300 m. E.S.E. of Belem (Pará). Pop. of the whole island (1890) 29,308; (1908, estimate) 32,000. An important part of the population is made up of the planters of the state, who live in town and leave their estates to the care of overseers. The island of Maranhão lies off the mouths of the rivers Mearim and Itapicurú, between the Bay of São Marcos on the W. and the Bay of São José on the E., and is separated from the mainland by a small channel called the Canal do Mosquito. It is irregular in outline, its greatest length from N.E. to S.W. being 34 m., and its greatest breadth 19 m. Its surface is broken by a number of low hills and short valleys. The city is built upon a tongue of land between two small estuaries, Anil and Bacanga, which unite and open upon the Bay of São Marcos. It covers two low hills and the intervening valley, the transverse streets sloping sharply to the estuary on either side. These slopes make it difficult to use vehicles in the streets, but they afford a natural surface drainage which makes São Luiz cleaner and more healthy than the coast towns of tropical Brazil usually are. The city is regularly laid out with comparatively wide longitudinal, and steep, narrow transverse streets, roughly paved and provided with sidewalks. The buildings are of the old Portuguese type, with massive walls of broken stone and mortar, having an outside finish of plaster or glazed tiles and roofs of red tiles. The principal public buildings are the cathedral, a large and severely plain structure, the episcopal palace, the Carmelite church, the government palace, town hall, custom-house, hospital, and a number of asylums, convents and charitable schools. An excellent lyceum and a church seminary are the most important educational institutions, and São Luiz long enjoyed a high reputation in Brazil for the culture of its inhabitants. The trade of São Luiz was once very important, but the commercial activity of Pará and Fortaleza, the decay of agricultural industry in the state, and the silting up of its harbour, have occasioned a decline in its commerce. Its exports comprise cotton, sugar and rice. Communication with the mainland and interior towns is by means of small steamers.
São Luiz was founded in 1612 by La Rivardière, a French officer commissioned by Henri IV. to establish a colony in this vicinity. The French colony was expelled in 1615 by the Portuguese, who, in turn, surrendered to the Dutch in 1641. In 1644 the Dutch abandoned the island, when the Portuguese resumed possession, and held the city to the end of their colonial rule in Brazil. The city became the seat of a bishopric in 1679.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Szeklers

See also Székelys on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SZEKLERS, or Szekels (Szekely, Lat. Siculi), a Finno-Ugrian people of Transylvania, akin to the Magyars. They form a compact mass of rather more than 450,000, extending from near Kronstadt on the south to Maros-Vasarhely and Gyerg6 St Mikl6s on the north. Their origin is unknown and has been the subject of much learned debate. Their own ancient tradition affirms their] descent from Attila’s Huns. According to Procopius (De bello gothico, iv. 18) 3000 Huns entered Transylvania (Erdeleu, i.e. the Magyar Erdély) after their defeat “calling themselves, not Hungarians, but Zekul,” and the Szeklers were the descendants of the Huns who stayed in Transylvania till the return of their kinsmen under Arpad; the anonymous scribe of King Bela speaks of them as “formerly Attila’s folk.” Von Rethy (Ung. Rev. vii. 812) suggests that they were originally a band of Black Ugrians who sought refuge in Transylvania after their defeat by the Pechenegs. Timon, however (Magyar Alkotmány és Jogtörténet, p. 75), points out that their language proves that their separation from the main Magyar stock must have taken place after the Magyar tongue had been fully developed (see also Hunfalvy, Magyarorszdg Ethnographiâja, 200). According to another theory they were Magyars transplanted by St Ladislaus to Transylvania in order to form a permanent frontier guard. Some such origin would, indeed, seem to be implied by the name Szekel, if this be derived, as Czetneki surmises (“Die Szeklerfrage,” Ung. Rev. i. 411-428), from szek, seat, i.e. an administrative district (cf. the Stuhl of the Transylvanian Saxons); Szekely would thus mean simply “frontier-guards.”
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/São Leopoldo

See also São Leopoldo on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SÃO LEOPOLDO, a city of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, on the left bank of the Rio dos Sinos, 20½ m. by rail N. of Porto Alegre. It is the chief town of a municipio (commune) of the same name, having an area of about 347 sq. m. and inhabited chiefly by German colonists. Pop. (1900) of the city, 11,015; of the municipio, 32,600. São Leopoldo has river and railway communication with Porto Alegre. It is a prosperous industrial town, with broad straight streets and substantial buildings. It has good schools, and its Jesuits' college ranks high throughout northern Rio Grande. Among its manufactures are matches, hats, boots and shoes, soap, liqueurs and artificial drinks, leather and leather-work and earthenware. In the surrounding districts cattle and hogs are raised, and jerked beef, hides, pork, lard, potatoes, beans, farinha de mandioca (cassava flour), Indian corn, tobacco and a great variety of vegetables and fruits are produced.
The city was originally a German colony founded by the emperor Pedro I. in 1824 and established at a place known as the Feitoria Real de Canhamo (Royal flax factory). The first colonists (26 families and 17 unmarried persons, or 126 souls) arrived on the 25th of June 1825, and were followed a few months later by another party of 909 colonists. These were the first German colonists in Rio Grande do Sul. Up to 1830 the arrivals numbered 3701, but the civil war which broke out in 1835 checked further arrivals and nearly ruined the colony, its inhabitants being forced to serve in the contending forces and their property being seized. São Leopoldo was occupied by the revolutionists for some years and was practically ruined at the termination of the war in 1844. The introduction of colonists was immediately resumed, however, and the colony was soon as prosperous as ever. The early colonists were engaged in Germany by a representative of the Brazilian government, and were given free transportation, 130 acres of land each, farming implements, seeds, and a subsidy of 320 reis a day for the first year and half that for the second year. Subsequent settlers received less, but the system of assisting colonists and making contracts with companies and individuals for their introduction became the settled policy of the national and provincial governments.
# John Anderson my Jo

John Anderson my Jo.
Low Down in the Broom.
IT WAS UPON A LAMMAS NIGHT.
The Banks of Doon.
LAND OF THE LEAL.
Lubin is away.
GLASGOW: Printed for the Booksellers.
1828.
* John Anderson, My Jo
* Low Down in the Broom
* It Was Upon a Lammas Light
* The Banks O' Doon
* The Land of the Leal
* Lubin is Away
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# John Allen

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "John Allen."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.

## Works

* "John Allen (I)," in Catholic Encyclopedia, (ed.) by Charles G. Herbermann and others, New York: The Encyclopaedia Press (1913)
* "John Allen (II)," in Catholic Encyclopedia, (ed.) by Charles G. Herbermann and others, New York: The Encyclopaedia Press (1913)
* "Allen, John (1476-1534)," in Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, London: Smith, Elder, & Co. (1885–1900) in 63 vols.
* "Allen, John (1596-1671)," in Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, London: Smith, Elder, & Co. (1885–1900) in 63 vols.
* "Allen, John (1660?-1741)," in Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, London: Smith, Elder, & Co. (1885–1900) in 63 vols.
* "Allen, John (fl.1764)," in Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, London: Smith, Elder, & Co. (1885–1900) in 63 vols.
* "Allen, John (d.1831)," in Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, London: Smith, Elder, & Co. (1885–1900) in 63 vols.
* "Allen, John (1771-1839)," in Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, London: Smith, Elder, & Co. (1885–1900) in 63 vols.
* "Allen, John (1771-1843)," in Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, London: Smith, Elder, & Co. (1885–1900) in 63 vols.
* "Allen, John (d.1855)," in Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, London: Smith, Elder, & Co. (1885–1900) in 63 vols.
* "Allen, John, Archbishop," in A Compendium of Irish Biography, by Alfred Webb, Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son (1878)
* "Allen, John, Colonel," in A Compendium of Irish Biography, by Alfred Webb, Dublin: M. H. Gill & Son (1878)

## Authors

* John Allen (1771–1843), British historian
* John William Allen (1865–1945) British author, and professor in History London University
# Kunglig Jarnvagsstyrelsen Royal Administration of the Swedish State Railways v. National City Bank of New York/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
275 U.S. 566
KUNGLIG JARNVAGSSTYRELSEN, also known as the ROYAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE SWEDISH STATE RAILWAYS, petitioner, v. The NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK and Dexter & Carpenter, Inc.; and KUNGLIG JARNVAGSSTYRELSEN, also known as the ROYAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE SWEDISH STATE RAILWAYS, petitioner,
The petition for two writs of certiorari is denied for the reason that the petitioner has failed to comply with section 2 of Rule 35 of the Supreme Court, which provides that the 'petition shall contain only a summary and short statement of the matter involved and the reasons relied on for the issuance of the writ,' and that the supporting brief must be direct and concise.
The petition filed in this case for the two writs of certiorari is thirty-four pages long, and the petitioner's brief filed in support thereof of is one hundred ninety-six pages long, thirty-six pages of which are devoted to a statement of the facts.
Mr. Gustav Lange, Jr., of New York City, for petitioner.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Kunhardt Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
266 U.S. 537
Kunhardt Company v. United States
Argued: Dec. 10, 1924. --- Decided: Jan 5, 1925
Mr. Raymond M. Hudson, of Washington, D. C., for appellant.
The Attorney General, for the United States.
Mr. Justice SANFORD delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Kunglig Jarnvagsstyrelsen Royal Administration of the Swedish State Railways v. National City Bank of New York

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
275 U.S. 566
KUNGLIG JARNVAGSSTYRELSEN, also known as the ROYAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE SWEDISH STATE RAILWAYS, petitioner, v. The NATIONAL CITY BANK OF NEW YORK and Dexter & Carpenter, Inc.; and KUNGLIG JARNVAGSSTYRELSEN, also known as the ROYAL ADMINISTRATION OF THE SWEDISH STATE RAILWAYS, petitioner,
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Kuhn v. Primer

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
1787.
KUHN verʃus PRIMER.
T
Sergeant, for the Plaintiff, oppofed the admiffion of the bond in evidence, and cited Bull. L.N.P. 179.
Levy contended that the evidence ought to be allowed, and referred to the fame book page 170.
by the court:–The hardfhip that muft attend the admiffion of the bond, would in reafon be alone fufficient to determine us to reject it. An infolvent debtor could never get forward in the world, if his old bonds, and other negotiable papers, were thus capable of being put in force againft him. A debt of Ł. 50 might be bought for 50ʃ. and the debtor, after his difcharge, be liable, by fuch negotiations, to be defeated in every action, and baffled in every contract.
But the law is clear, that the affignment being aƒter the Inʃolvency, the Defendant can be in no better condition than the affignor, who could not only come in for a dividend.
The evidence was overruled, and Levy tendered a bill of exceptions.
# Kunckel v. Baker

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
KUNCKELet al. verʃus BAKER.
T
The Attorney General,, for the defendant, objected, that, by thus affigning the intereft in an action to a going foreigner, a fpecial Court, and an early judgment, might always be within reach, to the prejudice not only of the defendants but of other creditors. And upon this ground the court unanimoufly refufed the prayer of the petition.
The plaintiff's counfel then moved, that he ought not to be deprived of his bail by his application ; which, requiring a declaration to be previoufly filed, amounted to an acceptance of a common appearance.
In the juftice of this moton, the court concurred, and accordingly directed a rule to be entered, that the defendant give bail in two months, or a Procedento.
Rawls for the plaintiff.–Bradƒord for the defendant.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bord, Antoine

[ A. J. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Borghi, Luigi

From volume 1 of the work.
[ P. D. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Borjon, Charles

From volume 1 of the work.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Borselli

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Boom, Jan van

From volume 1 of the work.
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bordoni, Faustina

From volume 1 of the work.
​BORDONI, Faustina. [See Hasse.]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Borghi, Adelaide

​BORGHI, Adelaide, formerly a celebrated mezzo-soprano singer, well known as Borghi-Mamo, was born in 1829 at Bologna. She showed as a child great aptitude for singing, and received instruction or advice from Pasta, and was also later advised by Rossini to adopt a ​musical career. She made a successful début in 1846 at Urbino in 'Il Giuramento' of Mercadante, and was engaged there. She sang next at Malta, where in '49 she married Signer Mamo, a native of that place; she sang also at Naples, Florence, Leghorn, etc.
Madame Borghi-Mamo appeared in Italian Opera from 1854 to '56, at Vienna in the spring, and in the winter at Paris, and was highly successful. In Paris, on Dec. 23, '54, she played Azucena, on the production there of 'Il Trovatore,' Leodato on revival of Pacini's 'Gli Arabi nelle Gallie,' Jan. 24, '55, Edoardo ('Matilde di Shabran '), Arsace, Rosina, La Cenerentola, etc. From '56 to '59 she sang with the same success at the Grand Opera, among other parts Azucena on production of 'Trovatore' in Frenchman. 12, '57, Melusine (Halévy's 'Magicienne'), March 17, '58, Olympia (Félicien David's 'Herculanum'), March 4, '59, in the production of those operas; and as Fidès, Leonora, and Catarina on the respective revivals of 'Le Prophète,' 'La Favourite,' and 'La Reine de Chypre.' (Lajarte, Bibliothèque de l'Opera.) She went back to the 'Italiens' and played the title part in the production of Braga's 'Margherita la Mendicante,' Dec. 20, '59, Desdemona, etc.
On April 12, '60, Madame Borghi-Mamo first appeared in England at Her Majesty's as Leonora ('La Favorita'), and sang during the season as Desdemona, Rosina, Azucena, Maffio Orsini, Zerlina ('Don Giovanni'), and Urbano ('Les Huguenots'), and was generally well received both by press and public. 'She is not only one of the most accomplished singers, but also one of the finest actresses of the lyric stage.' (Musical World, May 5, '60.) She also sang with great success at the Philharmonic, New Philharmonic, at the Norwich Festival, and in opera in the provinces. She never reappeared in England, but returned to Italy and sang at Milan, afterwards at Paris, Lisbon, etc. She is now living in retirement at Florence.
[ A. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Boosey and Co.

From volume 1 of the work.
​BOOSEY & CO., music publishers. This house was established about 60 years ago by Thomas Boosey. He commenced business as an importer of foreign music, and was one of the very few persons then engaged in that trade. Subsequently he became the English publisher for Hummel, Romberg, De Beriot, Rossini, Vaccaj, Mercadante, and other well-known composers. The house was afterwards identified with the Italian operas of Bellini, Donizetti and Verdi, until 1854, when a decision of the House of Lords deprived it of all its foreign copyrights. This judgment caused the firm to lose 'La Sonnambula,' 'La Traviata,' 'Il Trovatore,' and 'Rigoletto,' four of the most valuable properties that have existed in the music trade.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Borosini, Francesco

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bortniansky, Dimitri

From volume 1 of the work.
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Banti, Brigitta

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Baptiste

From volume 1 of the work.
[ P. D. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Banjo

From volume 1 of the work.
[ A. J. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bandini, Uberto

From volume 4 of the work.
[ W. B. S. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Banister, John

From volume 1 of the work.
[ E. F. R. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Baptistin, Jean

From volume 1 of the work.
​BAPTISTIN, Jean, a violoncellist whose real name was Johann Baptist Struck; of German parentage, born at Florence about 1690. He came to Paris, and he and Labbé were the earliest players of the cello in the orchestra of the Opéra. He had two pensions from the king, fixing him—the first to France, and the second to Paris. He produced 3 operas and 15 ballets, and published 4 books of cantatas. He died 1755.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bandora

From volume 1 of the work.
[ A. J. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Banks

From volume 4 of the work.
​BANKS. See London Violin-Makers.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Baptie, David

From volume 4 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/British Concerts

From volume 1 of the work.
[ C. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Broadwood

From volume 1 of the work.
[ A. J. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Brito, Estéban de

From volume 1 of the work.
​BRITO, Estéban de, lived about 1625, musical director at the cathedrals of Badajos and Malaga, and composer of motets, etc. preserved in the King of Portugal's library.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Britton, Thomas

From volume 1 of the work.
[ E. F. R. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Brod, Henri

[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Broderip

[ W. B. S. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Brinsmead

[ A. J. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bristol Festival

​BRISTOL FESTIVAL. A festival, lasting four days, has been held triennially in the month of October, in the Colston Hall, Bristol, since 1873. On each occasion Mr. Charles Hallé has held the post of conductor, and 'The Messiah' and 'Elijah' have been given. Besides these the following works have been performed:—
1873. Oct. 21–24. 'The Creation,' Macfarren's 'John the Baptist' (written expressly for the occasion), and Rossini's 'Stabat Mater.'
1876. Oct. 17–20. Verdi's Requiem, 'Israel in Egypt,' Spohr's 'Fall of Babylon,' 'The Mount of Olives,' and 'The Hymn of Praise.'
1879. Oct. 14–17. 'Samson,' 'Walpurgis Night,' Brahms's 'Rinaldo,' Mozart's Requiem, Rossini's 'Stabat Mater,' and the Choral Symphony.
1882. Oct. 17–20. Beethoven's Mass in D, Gounod's 'Redemption,' 'Spring' from Haydn's 'Seasons,' Rossini's 'Moses in Egypt,' and Mackenzie's 'Jason' (written expressly for the festival, and conducted by the composer).
1885. Oct. 20–23. 'Belshazzar,' Brahms's 'Triumphlied,' Lloyd's 'Hero and Leander,' Berlioz' 'Faust.'
[ M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bristol Madrigal Society

From volume 1 of the work.
[ C. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/British Orchestral Society

From volume 1 of the work.
[ C. M. ]
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Tarifa

See also Tarifa on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​TARIFA, a seaport of Spain, in the province of Cadiz, at the extreme south point of the Peninsula, 21 m. by rail W.S.W. of Gibraltar. Pop. (1900) 11,723. The town is nearly quad- rangular, with narrow, crooked streets, and is still surrounded by its old Moorish walls. On its east side, just within these, stands the citadel. The rocky island in front of the town, connected with the mainland by a causeway, is strongly fortified; on the south side there is a modern lighthouse. Anchovy and tunny fishing is carried on, and there is some coasting trade, chiefly in live stock, salt fish and fruit. The manufactures (leather and earthenware) are unimportant. The oranges of Tarifa are famed for their sweetness.
Tarifa is the Julia Joza of Strabo, between Gades and Belon. According to that writer, it was colonized by Romans and the removed inhabitants of Zelis in Mauretania Tingitana. The Julia Transducta or Traducta of coins and of Ptolemy appears to be the same place. Its present name, dating from early in the 8th century, is derived from Tarif, whom Tariq sent to Spain in command of the advance-guard of the Moorish invaders (see Caliphate and Spain: History). In 1292 Tarifa was taken by Sancho IV. of Castile from the Moors, who made several subsequent attempts to recapture it. In the defence of Tarifa Alphonso XI. gained the battle of Salado, a short distance to the westward, in 1340. In 1812 a French force of 10,000 men under Generals Victor and Laval vainly endeavoured to capture Tarifa, which was garrisoned by 2500 troops (mostly British) under General Gough.