OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baynes, John

​BAYNES, JOHN (1758–1787), lawyer and miscellaneous writer, was born at Middleham in Yorkshire in 1758, and educated at Richmond grammar school in the same county, under the Rev. Dr. Temple. Proceeding to Trinity College, Cambridge, he graduated B.A. in 1777, gaining one of Dr. Smith's prizes for philosophy and the first medal for classics. In 1780 he took his M.A. He was admitted to Gray's Inn in 1778 or 1779, and read law with Allen Chambre. In 1779 he was elected a fellow of Trinity, and remained one till his death. Besides practising as a special pleader, Baynes turned his attention to politics, and like his tutor, Dr. Jebb, became a zealous whig. He joined the Constitutional Society of London, and took an active part in the meeting at York in 1779. At the general election of 1784 he supported the nomination of Wilberforce for Yorkshire, and inveighed against the late coalition of Portland and North. Shortly before his death Baynes, with the junior fellows of Trinity, memorialised the senior fellows and master on the irregular election of fellows, but they were only answered by a censure. The memorialists appealed to the lord chancellor as visitor of the college, and the censure was removed from the college books. Baynes contributed political articles to the London ‘Courant.’ He wrote (anonymously) political verses and translations from French and Greek poems; specimens of these are published in the ‘European Magazine’ (xii. 240). He is mentioned by Dr. Kippis as supplying materials for the ‘Biographia Britannica.’ The archæological epistle to Dr. Milles, dean of Exeter, on the poems of Rowley is generally ascribed to Baynes, because it passed through his hands to the press; but he emphatically disclaimed the authorship. He intended to publish a more correct edition of Coke's ‘Tracts,’ but he died before his time in London from a putrid fever, on 3 Aug. 1787, and was buried by the side of his friend Dr. Jebb in Bunhill Fields.
A. G-n.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baynes, Ralph

1904 Errata appended.
​BAYNES, RALPH (d. 1559), bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, a native of Knowsthorp in Yorkshire, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, proceeded B.A. in 1517–1518, and was ordained priest at Ely on 23 April 1519, being then a fellow of St. John's on Bishop Fisher's foundation. He took the degree of M.A. in 1521, was appointed one of the university preachers in 1527, and was collated to the rectory of Hardwicke in Cambridgeshire, which he resigned in 1544. He was a zealous opponent of Hugh Latimer at Cambridge. Afterwards he went to Paris, and was appointed professor of Hebrew in that university. He continued abroad till the accession of Queen Mary, when he returned to England. On 18 Nov. 1554 he was consecrated bishop of Lichfield and Coventry. In 1555 he commenced D.D. at Cambridge. He assisted at the trials of Hooper, Rogers, and Taylor for heresy (Strype, Memorials, folio ed. i. 180–3), and took a leading part in the persecution of the protestants. Fuller says ‘his greatest commendation is, that though as bad a bishop as Christopherson, he was better than Bonner’ (Worthies, ed. Nichols, ii. 503). He was one of the eight catholics who took part in the conference on controverted doctrines that was held at Westminster in March 1558–9 by order of the privy council (Strype, Annals, i. 87, 90), and on 21 June 1559 he was deprived of his bishopric by the royal commissioners, who went into the city of London to tender the oath of allegiance and supremacy (id. i. 141). Subsequently he lived for a short time in the house of Grindal, bishop of London. He died of the stone at Islington on 18 Nov. 1559, and was buried in the church of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, London.
Baynes was one of the chief restorers of Hebrew learning in this country, and was also well versed in Latin and Greek. His works are: 1. ‘Prima Rudimenta in Linguam Hebraicam,’ Paris, 1550, 4to. 2. ‘Compendium Michlol, hoc est, absolutissimæ grammatices Davidis Chimhi,’ Paris, 4to, 1554. 3. ‘In Proverbia Salamonis,’ Paris, 1555, fol. Addressed to Henry II, king of France.
[T. Baker's Hist. of St. John's Coll. Camb. (Mayor), i. 243, ii. 662; MS. Addit. 5863, f. 48 b; Pits, De Angliæ Scriptoribus, 759; Godwin, De Præsulibus (1743), 342; Strype's Annals (fol.), i. 57, 58, 59, 60, 64, 77, 87, 90, 94, 95, 139, 141, 144; Strype's Cranmer (fol.), 320; Cooper's Athenæ Cantab. i. 202; Notes and Queries, 1st ser. vi. 203; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. 82; Dodd's Church History, i. 489.]
T. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.18 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bayntun, Henry William

​BAYNTUN, Sir HENRY WILLIAM (1766–1840), admiral, son of the consul-general at Algiers, entered the navy at an early age and was advanced to be a lieutenant on 15 April 1783. In that rank he served at the reduction of Martinique in March 1794, and was promoted by Sir John Jervis to the command of the Avenger sloop. After the capture of Guadeloupe he was posted into the Undaunted frigate on 4 May 1794. With only one short intermission, in 1796, he continued in the West Indies during the next ten years of active war and the short peace. On his return to England he was appointed to command the Leviathan, of 74 guns, and was sent to the Mediterranean to join Lord Nelson, then blockading Toulon. He had thus a share in the pursuit of the French fleet to the West Indies and back, and in the crowning glory of Trafalgar, where the Leviathan was closely engaged with, amongst others, the French flag-ship Bucentaur, the Santissima Trinidada, and the St. Augustin of 74 guns. At the funeral of Lord Nelson in January 1806 Captain Bayntun bore the guidon in the water procession from Greenwich Hospital. In June 1807 he was present with the squadron under Rear-admiral Murray which was sent to Buenos Ayres to co-operate with the army, till the general's incapacity compelled it to re-embark without advantage or even honour. Afterwards, in 1809, he commanded the Milford, 74 guns, and in 1811 was appointed to the command of the Royal Sovereign yacht. He had no further active service, and his public life may be summed up by saying that he became rear-admiral on ​12 Aug. 1812, vice-admiral on 19 July 1821, and admiral on 10 Jan. 1837. On 2 Jan. 1815 he was made K.C.B., and advanced to G.C.B. on 25 Oct. 1839. He died on 17 Dec. 1840.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baynes, James

​BAYNES, JAMES (1766–1837), water-colour painter, was born at Kirkby Lonsdale in April 1766. He was a pupil of Romney, and a student at the Royal Academy. During the time of his education he received assistance from a friend, who, however, suspended his payments upon Baynes's marriage, and the artist was thrown upon his own resources. He was employed by a firm which proposed to print copies in oil of the old masters. Unfortunately for Baynes, this company failed. He taught drawing, and exhibited constantly at the Academy from 1796 till his death. His scenery was chosen in Norfolk, North Wales, Cumberland, and Kent. His landscape was sometimes enlivened with figures and cattle.
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baynes, Roger

​BAYNES, ROGER (1546–1623), secretary to Cardinal Allen, was born in England in 1546. In the reign of Queen Elizabeth he abjured the protestant religion and proceeded to the English college at Rheims, where he arrived on 4 July 1579. In that year he accompanied Dr. Allen to Rome, and when that divine was raised to the cardinalate he became his secretary and major-domo. After the cardinal's death he gave himself up to religious exercises. He died on 9 Oct. 1623, and was buried in the English college at Rome, where a monument to his memory was erected. The epitaph styles ​him ‘nobilis Anglus,’ and states that ‘ex testamento centum montium loca in pios usus reliquit, prout ex actis d. Michaelis Angeli Cesi notarij constat.’
He is the author of two excessively rare works, entitled: 1. ‘The Praise of Solitarinesse, Set down in the forme of a Dialogue, Wherein is conteyned a Discourse Philosophical of the lyfe Actiue and Contemplatiue. Imprinted at London by Francis Coldocke and Henry Bynneman, 1577. Qui nihil sperat, Nihil desperat,’ 4to. The dedication to the author's approved friend, Mr. Edward Dyer, is signed Roger Baynes. 2. ‘The Baynes of Aqvisgrane, The I. Part & I. Volume, intitvled Variety. Contayning Three Bookes, in the forme of Dialogues, vnder the Titles following, Viz. Profit, Pleasvre, Honovr. Furnished with diuers things no lesse delightfull then beneficiall to be knowne and obserued. Related by Rog. Baynes Gent. a long Exile out of England, not for any temporall respects. Qui nihil sperat nihil desperat. Printed at Augusta in Germany, M.DC.XVII.,’ 4to. A notice from the printer to the reader informs us that ‘this present Volume, and the rest that are to follow, though they have not come to the Presse till now, yet haue they byn written some yeares ago, in the tyme of the late Queene Elizabeth.’ Only the first book ‘Of Profit’ appears to have been printed.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baynton, Thomas

​BAYNTON, THOMAS (d. 1820), medical writer, was a surgeon at Bristol, where he served his apprenticeship with Mr. Smith, a physician of considerable eminence. He afterwards acquired a large practice of his own, and obtained a high reputation by discoveries in the curative part of his profession, especially in the treatment of ulcers and wounds. He published in 1797 ‘Descriptive Account of a New Method of treating Ulcers of the Leg,’ and in 1813 ‘An Account of a Successful Method of treating Diseases of the Spine.’ He died at Clifton on 31 Aug. 1820.
[Biog. Dict. of Living Authors (1816), pp. 17, 412; Gent. Mag. xc. pt. ii. 284; Brit. Mus. Catalogue.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baynton, Andrew

​BAYNTON, Sir ANDREW (fl. 1540), scholar, was son and heir of Sir Edward Baynton, of Bromham-Baynton, Wilts, a favourite courtier of Henry VIII, vice-chamberlain to three of his queens, and a friend and patron of Latimer, some of the correspondence between them (circ. 1530) being printed in Foxe's Martyrs. Andrew, born in 1515–6, was placed by his father to study French under John Palsgrave, the court tutor, and wrote a prefatory letter to his master's book, ‘L'esclaircissement de la langue francaise’ (1530). About the same time he attended Knyvett on his embassy from Henry to the emperor. Succeeding his father (circ. 1544), he was returned to Parliament for Horsham 1547, Westbury 1553, Marlborough 1555, and Calne 1558–9.
J. H. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Beach, John

The ODNB calls him Thomas Marshall.
​BEACH or BECHE, JOHN (d. 1539), last abbot of St. John's Abbey, Colchester, was educated at Oxford, but nothing is known of his career until his election to the abbacy of St. John's early in 1538. His predecessor, Thomas Marshall, had forfeited his office by resistance to Cromwell's reforming measures, and had been attainted of high treason. But Beach held the same opinions as Marshall, and soon roused the suspicions of the government. In May 1539 Beach (as a mitred abbot) was in his place among the peers while the bill for the dissolution of all monasteries still standing passed its various stages, but raised no open protest. Outside Westminster, however, Beach loudly denounced the measure. ‘The king shall never have my house,’ he told Sir John St. Clair, who reported the conversation to the lord privy seal, ‘but against my will and against my heart; for I know by my learning he cannot take it by right and law’ (MS. State Papers, 2nd series, vol. xxxviii., quoted by Froude, iii. 426). He apparently made a fierce resistance to the inspectors ordered to put the act of 1539 in force. He concealed the abbey plate, and entered into correspondence with Hugh Faringdon, the abbot of Reading, and Richard Whiting, the abbot of Glastonbury, who, like himself, strenuously opposed the king's commands. Cromwell obtained information, of which the exact details have not reached us, involving Beach in a treasonable conspiracy, according to some authorities, ‘to restore the pope.’ It was further reported that he had aided, at least with his sympathy, the northern rebellion of 1537. ‘The abbot of Colchester did say,’ one witness deposed before the privy council, ‘that the northern men were good men. … Further the said abbot said at the time of the insurrection “I would to Christ that the rebels in the north had the bishop of Canterbury, the lord chancellor, and the lord privy seal amongst them, and then I trust we should have a merry world again”’ (Rolls House MS., 2nd series, No. 27, quoted by Froude, iii. 426). For these offences Beach, like the abbots of Reading and Glastonbury, was attainted of high treason. We have been unable to discover any report of the trial, which probably took place at Colchester. According to a tradition current at Colchester in the eighteenth century, the magistrates of the town invited Beach to a feast, and at its close, having shown him the warrant for his execution, led him out and hanged him without further ceremony. It is certain that he met his death on 1 Dec. 1539. At the same time the abbey of St. John's was finally dissolved.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Beach, Thomas (1738-1806)

1904 Errata appended.
​BEACH, THOMAS (1738–1806), portrait painter, was born at Milton Abbas, Dorsetshire, in 1738. From his earliest years he evinced a strong predilection for art, and under the patronage of Lord Dorchester's family he became in 1760 a pupil of Sir Joshua Reynolds, resorting at the same time to the St. Martin's Lane academy. He afterwards settled at Bath, then the favourite resort of the fashionable world, and was much employed in painting portraits and portrait groups, usually of a small size, which are well drawn and by no means devoid of merit. He was a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and a contributor to its exhibitions from 1772 to 1783. From 1785 he exhibited yearly at the Royal Academy until 1790, but not again until 1797, when he was residing at Strand-on-the-Green, near Kew, and sent a portrait of the Prince of Wales. He died at Dorchester on 17 Dec. 1806. The National Portrait Gallery has a portrait by Beach of William Woodfall, the earliest parliamentary reporter. Portraits of Sir Edward Wilmot, bart., M.D., and Richard Tattersall, the well-known horse dealer who established ‘Tattersall's,’ were exhibited in the National Portrait Exhibition of 1867. He painted like​wise, in 1787, ‘Mrs. Siddons and John Kemble in the Dagger Scene in Macbeth,’ of which the great tragic actress wrote, ‘My brother's head is the finest I have ever seen, and the likest of the two.’ Several of Beach's portraits have been engraved in mezzotint by Dickinson, Valentine Green, Houston, and John Jones.
R. E. G.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.18 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Babylas (1), bishop of Antioch

​Babylas (1), bp. of Antioch from A.D. 237 or 238 until his martyrdom, A.D. 250 or 251, under Decius, either by death in prison for the faith (Eus. H. E. vi. 39), or by direct violence (St. Chrys. de St. Bab. c. Gentes, tom. i.); other authorities—Epiphanius (de Mens. xviii.), Sozomen (v. 19), Theodoret (H. E. iii. 6)—simply calling him martyr, while St. Jerome (de Scriptt. Eccl. liv. lxii.) gives both accounts in different places. The Acta of Babylas (Acta SS. Jan. 24), place his martyrdom under Numerian, by a confusion (according to Baronius's conjecture, ad ann. 253, § 126) with one Numerius, who was an active officer in the Decian persecution (Tillemont, M. E. iii. 729). The great act of his life was the compelling the emperor Philip, when at Antioch shortly after the murder of Gordian, to place himself in the ranks of the penitents, and undergo penance, before he was admitted to church privileges (κατέχει λόγος, according to Eus. H. E. vi. 34, but asserted without qualification by St. Chrysostom, as above, while the V. St. Chrys. in Acta SS. Sept. tom. iv. 439, transfers the story, against all probability, to Decius, and assigns it as the cause of St. Babylas's martyrdom). But his fame has arisen principally from the triumph of his relics after his death over another emperor, viz. Julian the Apostate, A.D. 362. The oracle of Apollo at Daphne, it seems, was rendered dumb by the near vicinity of St. Babylas's tomb and church, to which his body had been translated by Gallus, A.D. 351. And Julian in consequence, when at Antioch, ordered the Christians to remove his shrine (λάρνακα), or rather (according to Amm. Marcell. xxii.), to take away all the bodies buried in that locality. A crowded procession of Christians, accordingly, excited to a pitch of savage enthusiasm characteristic of the Antiochenes, bore his relics to a church in Antioch, the whole city turning out to meet them, and the bearers and their train tumultuously chanting psalms the whole way, especially those which denounce idolatry. On the same night, by a coincidence which Julian strove to explain away by referring it to Christian malice or to the neglect of the heathen priests, the temple of Apollo was struck by lightning and burned, with the great idol of Apollo itself. Whereupon Julian in revenge both punished the priests and closed the great church at Antioch (Julian Imp. Misopog. Opp. ii. 97 (Paris, 1630); St. Chrys. Hom. de St. Bab. c. Gent. and Hom. de St. Bab.; Theod. de Cur. Graec. Affect. x. and H. E. iii. 6, 7; Socr. iii. 13; Soz. v. 19, 20; Rufin. x. 35; Amm. Marcell. xxii. pp. 225, 226). St. Chrysostom also quotes a lamentable oration of the heathen sophist Libanius upon the event. The relics of St. Babylas were subsequently removed once more to a church built for them on the other side of the Orontes (St. Chrys. Hom. de St. Bab.; Soz. vii. 10).
[A.W.H.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Barsumas (the Eutychian)

​Barsumas (the Eutychian), an archimandrite of a Syrian monastery, who warmly espoused the cause of Eutyches. When, in 448, Eutyches was denounced before the local synod of Constantinople, Barsumas, who was resident in the city, raised a violent opposition to the Eastern bishops. The next year, 449, at the "Robbers' Synod" of Ephesus, Theodosius II. summoned Barsumas as the representative of the malcontent monastic party, and granted him a seat and vote among the bishops. He was the first monk allowed to act as a judge at a general council. Barsumas brought with him a turbulent band of 1000 monks to coerce the assembly, and took a prominent part in the disorderly proceedings, vociferously expressing his joy on the acquittal of Eutyches and joining in the assault on the aged Flavian by the monks and soldiers. The injuries inflicted were so serious that the venerable patriarch died three days afterwards. When with great effrontery Barsumas presented himself at the council of Chalcedon, 451, an outcry was raised against him as "the murderer of the blessed Flavian." He actively propagated Eutychian doctrines in Syria and died 458. His disciple, Samuel, carried Eutychianism into Armenia. He is regarded among the Jacobites as a saint and worker of miracles (Assemani, Bibl. Orient. ii. 4; Labbe, iv. 105 seq.; Liberatus, c. 12; Tillemont, xv.; Schröckh, xvii. 451 seq.).
[E.V.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Basiliscus

​Basiliscus, martyr, bp. of Comana, martyred with Lucianus at Nicomedia under Maximin, A.D. 312 (Pallad. Dial. de V. St. Chrys. xi., misreading, however, Maximian for Maximin). St. Chrysostom, when exiled, was received upon his journey in a "martyrium," built some five or six miles out of Comana in memory of Basiliscus, and there died and was buried (Theod. H. E. v. 30; Soz. viii. 28; Pallad. as above; Niceph. xiii. 37). Basiliscus is said to have been shod with iron shoes, red hot, and then beheaded and thrown into the river (Menol. in Baron. May 22).
[A.W.H]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Barsumas (the Nestorian)

​Barsumas (the Nestorian), bp. of Nisibis and metropolitan, 435-489, who, after the suppression of Nestorianism within the empire, engaged successfully in its propagation in Eastern Asia, especially in Persia. Banished from Edessa by Rabulas, after his desertion of his former friends, Barsumas proved the chief strength and wisdom of the fugitive church. In 435 he became bp. of Nisibis, where, in conjunction with Maanes, bp. of Hardaschir, he established a theological school of deserved celebrity, over which Narses presided for fifty years. Barsumas had the skill to secure for his church the powerful support of the Persian king Pherozes (Firuz), who ascended the throne in the year 462. He worked upon his enmity to the Roman power to obtain his patronage for a development of doctrine which had been formally condemned by the emperor and his assembled bishops, representing to him that the king of Persia could never securely reckon on the allegiance of his subjects so long as they held the same religious faith with his enemies. Pherozes admitted the force of this argument, and Nestorianism became the only form of Christianity tolerated in Persia. Barsumas died in 489, in which year the emperor Zeno broke up the theological seminary at Edessa on account of its Nestorianism, with the result that it flourished still more at Nisibis. Missionaries went out from it in great multitudes, and Nestorianism became the recognized form of Christianity in Eastern Asia. The Malabar Christians are the lineal descendants of their missions. Assemanni, Bibl. Or, iii. 1, 16-70; Wigram, Hist. of Assyrian Ch. c. viii. [ Nestorian Church.]
[E.V.]