OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Who's Who in the Far East/HILL, Valentine

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​ HILL, Valentine (BINDINGS), Acting District Officer; b. Nov. 2, 1S66. Financial Assistant, Kinta, Aug., 1883; Financial Clerk, Krian, Nov., 1888; assistant to Magistrate, Gopeng, Dec., 1890; assistant to Magistrate, Kinta, April, 1893; assistant to Magistrate, Lower Perak, Aug., 1893; District Treasurer, Lower Perak, Dec., 1893; acting Chief Assistant Magistrate, Batu Gajah, June, 1897; assistant Magistrate and District Treasurer, Kuala Kangsar, July, 1897; acting District Magistrate, Kuala Kangsar, March, 1899; assistant District Magistrate, Ipoh, Nov., 1899; District Officer, Pekan, Jan., 1930; District Officer Ulu Langat, June, 1900; acting State Auditor, Selangor, Feb., 1901; acting Treasurer, Kuala Lumpur, Sept., 1901; District Officer, Ulu Langat, Sept., 1901; assistant District Officer, Kinta, and Deputy Registrar of Titles, Lower Perak, Jan., 1933; acting District Officer, Ulu Langat, Jan., 1903; acting District Officer, Kuala Kangsar, Oct., 1934; District Officer, Dindings, Oct., 1936. Address: Dindings, Straits Settlements.
# Who's Who in the Far East/HILLIER, Edward Guy

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​ HILLIER, Edward Guy (PEKING), C.M.G.; Banker; &. March 11, 1857, a. of late Charles Batten Hillier, H.B.M. Consul to Siam; in. 1894. Educ.: Bluudell's School, Tiverton; Trinity College, Cambridge. Entered Service Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, 1883; Manager of Peking branch since 1891; was in Peking during Boxer outbreak 1930-01; negotiator of Chinese Imperial Government loans, issued in London and Berlin, 1895-99; British delegate on Commission ​of Bankers for the Chinese indemnity, 1902; failure of sight in 1896, resulted eventually in total blindness; made C.M.G. June, 1904. Club: Royal Societies, London. Address: Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Peking, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/HILL, Hon. E. C. H.

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​ HILL, Hon. E. C. H. (SINGAPORE), Auditor General, Straits Settlements; b. 1854, y.s. of late Sir. S. J. Hill, C.B., K.C.M.G. Educ.: Privately. Appointed to Straits Settlements Civil Service, 1875; has occupied various positions including Inspector of Schools, Magistrate, and Resident Councillor, Malacca. Address: Singapore, straits Settlements.
# Who's Who in the Far East/HINCHLEY, John William

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​ HINCHLEY, John William (BANGKOK), Chemical and Mechanical Engineer; b. Jan. 21, 1871 at Granthan, England; m. Edith Mary, d. of John Mason; Chelsea, S.W. Educ.: Grammar School, Lincoln; Royal School of Mines, London. National Scholar, 1893; Whitworth Exhibitioner, 1894; Whitworth Scholar, 1896; Associate of Royal School of Mines (1st class in all subjects) Metallurgy, 1896; Fellow of Chemical Society, 1897. Manager of Natural Colour Photography Co., Ltd., 1898-1900; Consulting Engineer, London, 1900-1903; Member of Society of Chemical Industry, 1900; Chief Assayer and Technical Superintendent Royal Mint, Siam, since 1903. Publications: Scientific Papers. Club.: United. Adc'ress: H.S.M. Roval Mint, Bangkok, Siam; 15, Fawcett St., London, S.W.
# Who's Who in the Far East/HINMAN, Rev. George Warren

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​ HINMAN, Rev. George Warren (FOOCHOW), M.A.; Missionary under American Board; b. Feb. 22, 1839; m. Dec. 28, 1893. Educ.: Oberlin College, B.A., 1893; Harvard University, M.A., 1898. Professor of Mathematics, Benzornie College, Michigan, 1893-94; acting President, Gater College, Nebraska, 1895-97; appointed Missionary, A.B.C.F.M., May, 1898; ordained to Congregational Ministry, Oct., 1898; arrived Foochow, Jan. 28, 1899; General Secretary, United Society of Christian Endeavour for China, March, 1903, to Sept., 1905; reappointed to A.B.C. F.M. and stationed at Foochow, July, 1905; acting President, Foochow College and Superintendent, Foochow Romanized Press, since 1905; member Educational Association of Chinese. Publications: Reports and special pamphlets in English and Chinese. Clubs.: American University; Shanghai;. China Students. Address: Foochow, China.
# Who's Who in the Far East/HIRATA, Baron Tosuke

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​ HIRATA, Baron Tosuke (TOKYO), Member of House of Peers;b. Yonezawa, 1855. Filled various posts in civil service, since 1870; ​Minister of Agriculture and Commerce, June, 1901, to July, 1903; cr. Baron, 1902. Address: Tokyo, Japan.
# Who's Who in the Far East/HILL, Thomas Heslop

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​ HILL, Thomas Heslop (KUALA LIMIT K),F.M.S. Civil Service. Has been Protector of Labourers, and Superintendent of Indian Immigrants since June, 1901. Address: Kuala Lumpur, Federated Malay States.
# Who's Who in the Far East/HIRAI, Seijiro

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​ HIRAI, Seijiro (TOKYO), Director General of Government Railways; b. Kanagawa, 1855. Educ.: Troy, U.S.A., 1875. Engaged as Railway Engineer by HokkaidoGovernment, 1880; Chief Engineer of Tanko Railway, 1894; appointed to present post, 1904. Address: Tokyo, Japan.
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Theodosius of Syria

Theodosius (20), a celebrated solitary of Syria contemporary with Theodoret, born at Antioch of a rich and noble family. Abandoning his worldly possessions, he dwelt in a hut in a forest on the mountain above the city of Rhosus, where he practised the severest self-discipline, loading his neck, loins, and wrists with heavy irons, and allowing his uncombed hair to grow to his feet. He speedily gathered a colony of ascetics, whom he taught industrial arts, as weaving sackcloth and haircloth, making mats, fans, and baskets, and cultivating, setting an example of laborious diligence, and carefully superintending every department. He was an object of reverence even to the Isaurian banditti, who on several predatory inroads left his monastic settlement uninjured, only requesting bread and his prayers. Fearing, however, that the Isaurians might carry him off for ransom, Theodosius was persuaded to remove to Antioch, settling near the Orontes and gathering about him many who desired to adopt an ascetic life, but not long surviving his removal (Theod. Hist. Relig. c. x.).
[E.V.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Theodotus, patriarch of Antioch

Theodotus (18), patriarch of Antioch, a.d. 420–429 (Clinton, F. R. ii. 552). He succeeded Alexander, under whom the long-standing schism at Antioch had been healed, and followed his lead in replacing the honoured name of Chrysostom on the diptychs of the church. He is described by Theodoret, at one time one of his presbyters, as "the pearl of temperance," "adorned with a splendid life and a knowledge of the divine dogmas" (Theod. H. E. v. 38; Ep. 83 ad Dioscor.). Joannes Moschus relates anecdotes illustrative of his meekness when treated rudely by his clergy, and his kindness on a journey in insisting on one of his presbyters exchanging his horse for the patriarch's litter (Mosch. Prat. Spir. c. 33). By his gentleness he brought back the Apollinarians to the church without rigidly insisting on their formal renouncement of their errors (Theod. H. E. v. 38). On the real character of Pelagius's teaching becoming known in the East and the consequent withdrawal of the testimony previously given by the synods of Jerusalem and Caesarea to his orthodoxy, Theodotus presided at the final synod held at Antioch (mentioned only by Mercator and Photius, in whose text Theophilus of Alexandria has by an evident error taken the place of Theodotus of Antioch) at which Pelagius was condemned and expelled from Jerusalem and the other holy sites, and he joined with Praylius of Jerusalem in the synodical letters to Rome, stating what had been done. The most probable date of this synod is that given by Hefele, a.d. 424 (Marius Mercator, ed. Garnier, Paris, 1673, Commonitor. c. 3, p. 14; Dissert. de Synodis, p. 207; Phot. Cod. 54). When in 424 Alexander, founder of the order of the Acoemetae, visited Antioch, Theodotus refused to receive him as being suspected of heretical views. His feeling was not shared by the Antiochenes, who, ever eager after novelty, deserted their own churches and crowded to listen to Alexander's fervid eloquence (Fleury, H. E. livre xxv. c. 27). Theodotus took part in the ordination of Sisinnius as patriarch of Constantinople, Feb. 426, and united in the synodical letter addressed by the bishops then assembled to the bishops of Pamphylia against the Massalian heresy (Socr. H. E. vii. 26; Phot. Cod. 52). He died in 429 (cf. Theodoret's Ep. to Diosc. and his H. E. v. 40). Tillem. t. xii. note 2, Theod. Mops.; Theophan. Chron. p. 72; Le Quien, Or. Christ. ii. 720; Cave, Hist. Lit. i. 405.
[E.V.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Theodotus, bishop of Laodicea

Theodotus (11), bp. of Laodicea in Syria Prima, claimed as a zealous advocate of Arian doctrines by Arius in writing to Eusebius of Nicomedia (Theod. H. E. i. 5; v. 7). Eusebius gives him a high character for skill as a physician of both body and soul, remarkable for kindness, sympathy, sincerity, and zeal to help all who needed aid, reinstating the church in its prosperity which had suffered much by the cowardice of its last bishop, Stephen, who seems to have renounced the faith in the persecution of Diocletian (Eus. H. E. vii. 32). Theodotus was at the council of Nicaea in 325 (Labbe, ii. 51); before which he is coupled by Athanasius with the Eusebian party (Athan. de Synod. c. i. § 17, p. 886). On the visit of Eusebius of Nicomedia to Jerusalem in 330 or 331, ostensibly to see the newly built church, he formed one of the Arian cabal which, proceeding to Antioch, succeeded in deposing Eustathius (Theod. H. E. i. 21) and electing Eusebius of Caesarea in his room (Eus. Vit. Const. iii. 62). He also took part in the council of Tyre in 335 (Labbe, ii. 436) and of the Dedication at Antioch in 341 (ib. 560), and is mentioned by Athanasius as having been at Seleucia in 359 (Athan. de Synod. c. i. § 12, p. 880). The two Apollinarii, father and son, were excommunicated by Theodotus for being present at the recitation of a hymn in honour of Bacchus, composed by a sophist of Laodicea with whom he had interdicted an intercourse. He restored them on their repentance (Soz. H. E. vi. 25; Socr. H. E. ii. 46). Gelasius of Cyzicus (bk. iii. c. 3) gives a letter from the emperor Constantine to Theodotus, warning him to return to the orthodox faith (Labbe, ii. 284). It is quoted as genuine by Benignus of Heraclea at the fifth general council (ib. v. 481). According to Gams, Theodotus was bishop 30 years.
[E.V.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Theognostus, a priest of Alexandria

Theognostus (1), a priest of Alexandria and a writer of about the middle of cent. iii., whom we only know from quotations in St. Athanasius and Photius. He composed a work called Hypotyposes in seven books, still extant when Photius wrote (Cod. 106). He used language in bk. ii. of very Arian sound, speaking of the Son as a creature, and in bk. iii. of the Holy Ghost in a style as little orthodox as that of Origen. In bk. v. he attributed bodies to angels and devils. In bks. vi. and vii. he discussed the doctrine of the Incarnation in a more orthodox manner than in bk. ii. Yet St. Athanasius regarded him as a useful witness against Arianism. Philip of Side says that he presided over the school of Alexandria after Pierius a.d. 282 (cf. Dodwell, Dissert. in Irenaeum, p. 488). The fragments of Theognostus are collected in Routh's Reliq. Sac. t. iii. 407–422, and trans. in Ante-Nic. Lib. Cf. Migne, Patr. Gk. t. x. col. 235–242; Ceill. ii. 450; Athan. Ep. 4 ad Serap., de Decretis Nic. Syn.
[G.T.S.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Theodotus the banker

Theodotus (5) the banker, distinct from THEODOTUS (4) as asserted both in the Little Labyrinth and by Hippolytus. For the speculations which this Theodotus added to the heresy of (4) see MELCHIZEDEK.
[G.S.]
# Vinson v. Washington Gas Light Company
## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
321 U.S. 489
Vinson v. Washington Gas Light Company
Argued: Feb. 11-14, 1944. --- Decided: March 27, 1944
Mr. Paul A. Freund, of Washington, D.C., for petitioners.
Mr. Richmond B. Keech, of Washington, D.C., for respondent Public Utilities Comm.
Mr. Stoddard M. Stevens, Jr., of New York City, for respondent Washington Gas Light Co.
[Argument of Counsel from page 490 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice ROBERTS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Finney, Samuel

​FINNEY, SAMUEL (1719–1798), miniature-painter, born at Wilmslow, Cheshire, 13 Feb. 1718-19, was eldest son of Samuel Finney of Fulshaw, Cheshire, and Esther, daughter of Ralph Davenport of Chorley. His family being in pecuniary difficulties, Finney came up to London to study law, but quitted that profession for painting. He established himself as a miniature-painter, working both in enamel and on ivory, and was very successful. He exhibited miniatures at the Exhibition of the Society of Artists in 1761, and in 1765 exhibited a miniature of Queen Charlotte, having been appointed 'enamel and miniature painter to her majesty.' He was a member of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and in 1766 subscribed the declaration roll of that society. Having amassed a fortune sufficient to pay off the encumbrances on the old family estate, Finney in 1769 retired to Fulshaw, became a justice of the peace, and devoted the remainder of his life to quelling the riots, then so prevalent in that part of Cheshire, and in local improvements. He also compiled a manuscript history of his family, part of which was printed in the 'Cheshire and Lancashire Historical Collector,' vol. i. A small portrait of Finney is in the possession of his descendant, Mr. Jenkins of Fulshaw; it was engraved by William Ford of Manchester, and the plate was destroyed after twelve copies had been struck off. He died in 1798, and was buried at Wilmslow. He was twice married, but left no children.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Firbank, Joseph

​FIRBANK, JOSEPH (1819–1886), railway contractor, son of a Durham miner, was born at Bishop Auckland in 1819. At the age of seven he was sent to work in a colliery, and attended a night-school. In 1841 he secured a sub-contract in connection with the Woodhead tunnel on the Stockton and Darlington railway, and in 1845 and 1846 took contracts on the Midland railway. The opposition to railway construction was so great at this time that on one occasion Firbank was captured and kept a prisoner for twenty- ​four hours. Noblemen would not permit the contractors or their workmen to approach their demesnes. In 1848 Firbank was engaged on the Rugby and Stamford branch of the North-Western railway, and lost most of his savings by the bankruptcy of the former contractor of the line. When the Monmouthshire Railway and Canal Company transformed their mineral tramways and canals into passenger railways in 1854, Firbank took the contract for dealing with the canals in the town of Newport, Monmouthshire. He also took the contract for the maintenance of the lines for seven years, and this contract was several times renewed.
Firbank established himself at Newport, where he formed an intimate friendship with Mr. Crawshaw Bailey, the ironmaster, who supported him in his early undertakings. He was employed in South Wales for thirty years, until the absorption of the Monmouthshire company by the Great Western. In 1856 Firbank took a contract for the widening of the London and North-Western railway near London, and afterwards (1859-66) various contracts on the Brighton line. He was also engaged upon the Midland Company's Bedford and London extension (1864-1868), which involved great difficulties and ultimately cost the company upwards of 3,000,000l. He was contractor in 1870 on the Settle and Carlisle extension of the Midland railway. He was afterwards contractor for many lines, the most difficult undertaking being the Birmingham west suburban section of the Midland railway.
In 1884 Firbank built the St. Pancras goods depôt of the Midland railway. The last contract taken by him was for the Bournemouth direct line from Brokenhurst to Christchurch. It proved to be the most troublesome of all his undertakings, and was finally completed by his son, Joseph T. Firbank. The lines constructed by Firbank from 1846 to 1886 amounted to forty-nine. All through his career he was a generous employer, doing his best to promote the welfare of those whom he employed.
Firbank died at his residence, near Newport, on 29 June 1886. He was twice married, and was survived by his second wife and seven children. Firbank has been described as 'an excellent specimen of the class of Englishmen who rise up not so much by any transcendent talents, as by intelligence and energy,' and above all by a scrupulous 'honesty, inspiring confidence' (Samuel Laing). He was indefatigable in work, retiring to rest by nine o'clock and rarely rising later than five. His business faculties were very great. He was a justice of the peace and deputy-lieutenant for the county of Monmouth.
G. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Elmham, Thomas

​ELMHAM, THOMAS (d. 1440?), historian, Benedictine monk of St. Augustine's, Canterbury, was probably a native of North Elmham in Norfolk, He was treasurer of his society in 1407, in which year he was arrested at the suit of one Henry Somerset for excessive seal in the discharge of his duties. His action seems, however, to have been subsequently affirmed, Before many years he had joined the Cluniac order, and was prior of Lenton in Nottinghamshire by 11 June 1414. In 1416 he was appointed vicar-general for England and Scotland, and ten years later commissary-general for all vacant benefices belonging to the Cluniac order in England, Scotland, and lreland. In the latter year he resigned his office at Lenton, a certain John Elmham receiving it in his stead. Mr. Hardwick surmises that he was still living in 1440, on the evidence of a copy of verses in which he addresses 'the glorious Doctor Master John Somersette.' According to the same editor, though Somerset was a Cambridge fellow by 1410, his reputation was not sufficiently established to warrant the use of such phraseology till about 1440.
The works ascribed to Thomas Elmham are: 1. 'Historia Monasterii Sancti Augustini Cantnariensis,' extending from the coming of St. Augustine to England down to a.d. 806, from which point, after skipping over more than 280 years, it recommences in 1087, and gives a series of charters extending to 1191. The main importance of this work (exclusive of its charters)is that it is based on the earlier chronicle, now lost, of Thomas Sprott. 2. A prose life of Henry V. 3. 'Liber Metricus de Henrico Vso,' which seems to be intended as a supplement to the previous book. The verses which serve as a proœmium to the 'Liber Metricus' form an acrostic 'Thomas Elmham Monachus,' and the concluding verses also spell the writers name with the additional letters N. L. The 'History of St, Augustine's' contains no mention of the author's name. Internal evidence, however, shows that he was a monk of the monastery in question; that he was connected with the East-Anglian counties, and probably with North Elmham itself; that he was writing probably not long after the revolt of Owen Glendower, and certainly after the death of Archbishop Arundel (20 Feb. 1414). As the chronological table prefixed to the work ends in 1418, while the last three or four years are entered in a different hand, Mr. Hardwick concludes that he probably ended his work in 1414, the very year when we know from other sources that Elmham became prior of Lenton. Other arguments in favour of both works being written by the same Thomas Elmham may be drawn from the style and also from the fact that certain verses in the final acrostic of the 'Liber Metricus' appear, in a very slightly altered form, in the 'Historia Monasterii.' Thomas Elmham's works have been edited, the 'Historia' by Hardwick (Rolls Series, 1858), 'Vita et Gesta Henrici V' by Hearne (1727), and the 'Liber Metricus' by C. A. Cole (Rolls Series, 1858).
T. A. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Elmes, Harvey Lonsdale

​ELMES, HARVEY LONSDALE (1813–1847), architect, was the son and pupil of James Elmes [q.v.] In 1836 a competition was advertised for designs for the erection of St. Georce's Hall in Liverpool. Elmes, though quite young, was advised by his friend, B. R. Haydon, to compete, and was successful among eighty-five other candidates. This success was followed up by the acceptance of his designs for the assize courts and the Collegiate Institution in the same town, and the county lunatic asylum at West Derby. St. George's Hall was commenced in 1838, and in 1846 the prince consort, on his visit to Liverpool, was so pleased with it that he presented Elmes with a gold medal. Elmes died of consumption in Jamaica on 26 Nov. 1847, aged 34, leaving a widow and child. A subscription of 1,400l. was raised for them. The completion of St. George's Hall was entrusted to C. R. Cockerell, R.A. [q. v.], who expressed his admiration of the work. Elmes exhibited some of his architectural drawings at the Royal Academy.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1880; Builder, 3 Jan. and 5 Feb. 1848.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Elmore, Alfred

​ELMORE, ALFRED (1815–1881), painter, was born at Clonakilty, co. Cork, in 1815. From his childhood he gave promise of distinction in art, and at the age ​of nineteen he exhibited his first picture at the Royal Academy. At the exhibition of the British Institution in 1838 his 'Crucifixion' occupied a prominent place, and in the succeeding year he made a second appearance at the Academy with 'The Martyrdom of Becket.' Both these pictures are now in one of the catholic churches in Dublin, the 'Becket' being a bequest to the church by Mr. O'Donnell, for whom it was painted. 'Rienzi in the Forum,' produced in 1844, and several Italian pictures exhibited at the British Institution, were the result of a visit paid by the artist to Italy. Elmore's Italian experiences and study accentuated his feeling for semi-historical subjects, and his representation of the 'Origin of the Guelph and Ghibelline Quarrel,' exhibited in 1845, established his reputation as an historical painter. The work was sold for 300l., and it also gained him his entrance as an associate into the Royal Academy. Among the late important works by this artist were: 'The Fainting of Hero,' from 'Much Ado about Nothing,' executed in 1846; 'The Invention of the Stocking Loom,' a picture which achieved great popularity, 1847; 'The Deathbed of Robert, King of Naples, the Wise and Good,' 1848; 'Religious Controversy in the Time of Louis XIV,' 1849; 'Griselda,' 1850; and 'Hotspur and the Fop,' 1851. Elmore was adequately represented at the International Exhibitions of London 1851 and 1862, and at the Paris Exhibitions of 1855 and 1878. Among the more popular of the works thus exhibited were 'Mary Queen of Scots,' 'After the Fall,' and 'Lucretia Borgia.' Elmore was elected an academician in 1877. He died in London, 24 Jan. 1881.
G. B. S.