OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Niebuhr, Karstens

Edition of 1879. See also the disclaimer.
​NIEBUHR, Karstens, a German traveller, born at Lüdingworth, Lauenburg, March 17, 1733, died at Meldorf, Holstein, April 26, 1815. He studied at Hamburg and Gottingen with a view to becoming a land surveyor, and in 1760 was appointed mathematician to an expedition sent to Egypt, Arabia, and Syria by Count Bernstorff, minister of Frederick V. of Denmark, for the purpose of illustrating Old Testament geography and natural history. He had the rank of lieutenant of engineers. The expedition sailed in January, 1761, and after touching at Constantinople proceeded to Alexandria, ascended the Nile, examined the pyramids, and went with a caravan to Suez, whence Niebuhr made an excursion to Mount Sinai. In October, 1762, they took ship from Suez to Loheia, and thence travelled by land to Mocha, where Von Haven, the philologist, died in May, 1763; and ​on their journey to Sana, the capital of Yemen, they lost the naturalist Forskal. They were well received at Sana, but dreading the climate they resolved to return to Mocha, where the whole party were taken sick, but at length obtained passage to Bombay. Baurenfeind, the draughtsman, died on the voyage, and Cramer, the physician, the last of Niebuhr's companions, expired soon after their arrival. Niebuhr remained 14 months in Bombay, and then turned homeward, visiting Muscat, Bushire, Shiraz, and the ruins of Persepolis, ascending the Euphrates to the ruins of Babylon, and thence going to Bagdad and to Mosul, where he joined a caravan going to Aleppo. He passed over to Cyprus, and returning made a tour to Palestine, went with a caravan across Mount Taurus to Brusa in Asia Minor, arrived at Constantinople in February, 1767, and finally reached Copenhagen in November of the same year. He published the first fruits of the expedition in German under the title of Beschreibung von Arabien (Copenhagen, 1772), the government defraying the expense of the illustrations. In 1774-' 8 he continued his narrative by publishing his Reisebeschreibung von Arabien und andern umliegenden Landern (2 vols., Copenhagen). The third volume was not published till 1837; it bore the same title as the preceding, and contained an account of his homeward journey, through Aleppo, Jaffa, Jerusalem, and Constantinople, with brief notices of Bulgaria, Wallachia, Poland, and Germany. He contributed to a German periodical a paper on the " Interior of Africa," and one on the a Political and Military State of the Turkish Empire." He also edited Forskal's papers, Descriptions Animalium, and Flora JEgyptiaco-Ardbica (4to, 1775). The Danish government rewarded his services with the cross of Dannebrog. Toward the close of his life he became blind. His son, the historian, wrote his life (Kiel, 1817).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Norwalk (Connecticut)

Edition of 1879. See also Norwalk, Connecticut on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​NORWALK, a town and borough of Fairfield co., Connecticut, on Long Island sound, at the terminus of the Danbury and Norwalk railroad, and on the New York, New Haven, and Hartford railroad, 60 m. S. W. of Hartford and 43 m. by rail N. E. of New York; pop. of the town in 1860, 7,582; in 1870, 12,119, including about 6,000 in the borough. The town contains five post offices, Norwalk, Rowayton, South Norwalk, West Norwalk, and Winnipauk, and besides the borough includes the city of South Norwalk (pop. 3,000), incorporated in 1870. There are four railroad stations. The Norwalk river empties into the sound at this point, and a horse railroad connects Norwalk bridge and South Norwalk. Vessels drawing six feet of water can reach the up-town wharves at low tide, and freight and passenger steamers make daily trips to New York. Norwalk is especially noted for its trade in oysters. The natural scenery is fine, combining land and water views of much beauty. There are many elegant residences. The town is divided into 11 school districts, and has good public schools, several excellent private schools, and three weekly newspapers. It contains two large felt cloth factories, a fancy cassimere factory, two straw hat factories, a number of large felt hat factories, a shirt factory, iron works, a lock factory, a paper box factory, a manufactory of wrapping paper, a pottery, boot and shoe factories, &c. The borough has an efficient fire department, and fine water works, which also supply Winnipauk, a manufacturing village, which together with the borough and city is supplied with gas. The borough contains two national banks, two savings banks, and a fire insurance company; the city, one national bank, one savings bank, and a fire insurance company. There are 16 churches, of which 6 are in the borough, 4 in the city, and 6 in other parts of the town.—Norwalk was settled about 1640. It was burned by the British, under Gov. Tryon, in July, 1779. It was the scene of a terrible railroad accident in 1853, when an express train plunged into the open draw, and 50 lives were lost. The borough was incorporated in 1836.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Norwalk (Ohio)

Edition of 1879. See also Norwalk, Ohio on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ NORWALK, a town and the capital of Huron co., Ohio, on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad, 95 m. N. by E. of Columbus, and 56 m. by rail W. of Cleveland; pop. in 1870, 4,498. It extends along a sandy ridge, and is built principally on a single street shaded by a double row of maples. The buildings are tastefully constructed. The town is lighted with gas, and has Holly water works. It contains several founderies and machine shops, flouring and saw mills, two national banks, graded public schools, two weekly newspapers, and 12 churches.
# The American Journal of Psychology/Volume 21/The Association Method

The American Journal of Psychology, Vol. 21, No. 2 (April, 1910), pp. 219-269.
THE ASSOCIATION METHOD
By Professor Carl G. Jung
Lecture I
Lecture II
Lecture III
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# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Mestizo

Edition of 1879. See also Mestizo on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MESTIZO, a Spanish-American term for the mixed offspring of Europeans and Indians. In Mexico, Peru, and Brazil, mestizos are very numerous. Their color is almost a pure white, with a skin of remarkable transparency. The chief indications of the mixture of Indian blood are a thin beard, small hands and feet, and an obliquity of the eyes. The women of this race are called mestizas, and the offspring of their marriage with whites differ but slightly from pure Europeans.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Michelis, Friedrich

Edition of 1879. See also Friedrich Bernhard Ferdinand Michelis on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MICHELIS, Friedrich, a German theologian, born in Münster, July 27, 1815. He was ordained as a priest at Münster, became a private tutor, and held various positions till 1864, when he was appointed professor of philosophy at the lyceum of Braunsberg. In his writings he attempts to reconcile the teachings of Plato and those of modern science with the doctrines of the church of Rome, and in 1866-'7 he was prominent in the Prussian chamber as an opponent of Bismarck's ecclesiastical policy. But he opposed the influence of the Jesuits and the dogma of papal infallibility in several pamphlets (1869-'70), which led to his excommunication. His principal work is Die Philosophie Platon's in ihrer innern Beziehung zur geoffenbarten Wahrheit (2d part, Münster, 1859-'60); his latest is Der Organismus und die Kirche (Bern, 1874). He has written much against Darwin's theories. For some time he has been editor of Der Katholik, an organ especially directed against the Jesuits.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Metalloids

Edition of 1879. See also the disclaimer.
METALLOIDS. See Metals.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Michelet, Karl Ludwig

Edition of 1879. See also Karl Ludwig Michelet on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
MICHELET, Karl Ludwig, a German philosopher, born in Berlin, Dec. 4, 1801. He was educated at the university of Berlin, receiving the degree of Ph. D. in 1824. The principles contained in his inaugural dissertation were developed in his System der philosophischen Moral (Berlin, 1828). In 1825 he was appointed professor of philology and philosophy in the French gymnasium, which post he held till 1850; and in 1829 he became professor of philosophy also in the university of Berlin. He published Die Ethik des Aristoteles (Berlin, 1827), an edition of the Nicomachean ethics with a Latin commentary (2 vols., 1829-'35), and a memoir entitled Examen critique du livre d'Aristote intitulé Metaphysique (Paris, 1836), which was crowned by the academy of moral and political sciences of Paris. From 1832 to 1842 he was engaged as one of the editors of Hegel's works, in illustration of whose system he wrote Geschichte der letzten Systeme der Philosophie in Deutschland von Kant bis Hegel (2 vols., Berlin, 1837-'8);
Entwickelungsgeschichte der neuesten Deutschen Philosophie mit besonderer Rücksicht auf den gegenwärtigen Kampf Schelling's mit der Hegelschen Schule (1843); and a controversial dissertation, Schelling und Hegel (1839). In 1840 appeared his Anthropologie und Psychologie, in which in many respects he diverged from Hegelian principles. His own tendency is most decisively shown in his Vorlesungen über die Persönlichkeit Gottes und die Unsterblichkeit der Seele, oder die ewige Persönlichkeit des Geistes (1841), and Die Epiphanie der ewigen Persönlichkeit des Geistes (1844-'52). He has also published Eine italienische Reise in Briefen (Berlin, 1856); Die Geschichte der Menschheit in ihrem Entwickelungsgange seit dem Jahre 1775 bis auf die neuesten Zeiten (2 vols., 1859-'60); and Naturrecht, oder Rechtsphilosophie als die praktische Philosophie (3 vols., 1866). Since 1860 he has edited and largely contributed to Der Gedanke, the organ of the philosophical society of Berlin.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems/Afternoon in February

AFTERNOON IN FEBRUARY.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems/A Gleam of Sunshine

MISCELLANEOUS.
A GLEAM OF SUNSHINE.
# The Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems

THE
BELFRY OF BRUGES
AND
OTHER POEMS.
THE
BELFRY OF BRUGES
AND
OTHER POEMS.
BY
HENRY WADSWORTH LONGFELLOW.
THIRD EDITION.
CAMBRIDGE: PUBLISHED BY JOHN OWEN.
1846.
Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1845, by H. W. Longfellow, in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the District of Massachusetts.
CAMBRIDGE: STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY METCALF AND COMPANY, PRINTERS TO THE UNIVERSITY.
CONTENTS
This work is a translation and has a separate copyright status to the applicable copyright protections of the original content.
# The Beginning

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "The Beginning."
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* The Beginning, a poem by Rupert Brooke
* The Beginning, a short story by Rabindranath Tagore
# The Beings of the Mind

* The Beings of the Mind, in The New Monthly Magazine Volume 22, 1828.
* The Beings of the Mind, in Songs of the Affections, with Other Poems (Miscellaneous Poems), 1830.
# The Beldonald Holbein

* "The Beldonald Holbein" in Harper's New Monthly Magazine 103 (617) (October 1901): 807–821.
    — First publication in any form
* "The Beldonald Holbein" in The Better Sort (London: Methuen & Co., 1903): 18–36.
    — First English book edition
* "The Beldonald Holbein" in The Better Sort (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1903): 24–49.
    — First American book edition
* "The Beldonald Holbein" in The Novels and Tales of Henry James 18: 373–406.
    — The "New York Edition", substantially edited by James and now generally regarded as the authoritative text.
* "The Beldonald Holbein" in Daisy Miller, Pandora, The Patagonia, and Other Tales (London: Macmillan & Co., 1923): 333–361.
    — Volume 23 of The Novels and Stories of Henry James, the first posthumous collection of James' works; uses the "New York Edition" text.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Atkinson, George Wesley

​ATKINSON, George Wesley, governor of West Virginia, was born in Charleston, Va., June 29, 1845; son of James and Miriam (Rader) Atkinson; and grandson of George Atkinson, a Virginian, 'and of George Rader, a native of Germany. He was graduated from Ohio Wesleyan university in 1870 with the degree of A.B.; took post-graduate studies at Mt. Union college, Ohio, and was graduated from the law department of Howard university, Washington, D.C. in 1874. He was admitted to the bar in 1875 and practised law at Wheeling, W. Va., from 1885. He was a member of the West Virginia legislature in 1876; United States marshal of West Virginia, 1881-'85; postmaster of Charleston, W. Va., 1870-'76; United States internal revenue agent, 1876-'80, and Republican representative from the 1st West Virginia district in the 51st congress, 1889-'91. He was elected governor of West Virginia by the Republican party for the term from March 4, 1897, to March 4, 1901. He was a member of the Charleston board of education, 1869-’71, and assistant county superintendent of public schools, 1868-'70. He received the degrees Ph.D. pro merito from Mt. Union college in 1887, LL.D. from Howard university, Tenn., in 1890, LL.B. from Howard university in 1891, LL.D. from the University of Nashville, Tenn., in 1890, and D.C.L. from the University of West Virginia in 1897. He is the author of "History of Kanawha" (1876); "West Virginia Pulpit" (1878); "After the Moonshiners" (1879); "Revenue Digest" (1880); "A.B.C. of the Tariff" (1882); "Don't, or Negative Chips from Blocks of Living Truths" (1886); "Prominent Men of West Virginia" (1795); "Psychology Simplified " (1887), and poems 1899).
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Atkinson, Louis E.

​ATKINSON, Louis E., representative, was born in Delaware, Pa., April 16, 1841. He was graduated at the University of the city of New York, M.D., 1861, and served in the medical department of the U.S. army, 1861-65. He studied law; was admitted to the bar in 1870. and represented Pennsylvania in the 48th, 49th, 50th. 51st, and 52d congresses, 1883-98.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Atlee, Samuel John

​ATLEE, Samuel John, delegate, was born in Trenton, N.J., in 1739; son of William and Jane (Alcock) Atlee, who settled in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1734. Samuel studied law, was a captain in the French and Indian war and was married April 19, 1762, to Sarah Richardson. He became colonel of the State battalion of musketry in March, 1776; was captured by the British at the battle of Long Island, and held a prisoner until Oct. 1, 1778. He served in the Continental congress, 1778-82; as supreme executive councilor of Lancaster county in 1783, and in the Pennsylvania assembly in 1782 and 1785-'86. He was a commissioner to the Indians in 1784. He died in Philadelphia, Pa., Nov. 25, 1786.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Atkinson, John

​ATKINSON, John, clergyman, was born in Deerfield, N.J., Sept. 6, 1835. He became a Methodist Episcopal minister in 1853, and held various pastorates. He received the degree A.M. from Dickinson in 1869, and D.D. from Illinois Wesleyan university in 1877, He is the author of "The Living Way" (1856); "Memorials of Methodism in New Jersey" (1860); also of the well known hymn. "We shall meet beyond the River" (1867); "The Garden of Sorrows" (1868); "The Class Leader" (1874); "Centennial History of American Methodism" (1884); and "The Wesleyan Movement in America" (1896). He died in Haverstraw, N.Y., Dec. 8, 1897.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Atkinson, Thomas

​ATKINSON, Thomas, third bishop of North Carolina and 58th in succession in the American episcopate, was born in Dinwiddie county, Va., Aug. 6, 1807. He was educated at Yale and afterwards at Hampden-Sidney college in Virginia, where he was graduated in 1825. He studied law and practised for nine years, when he turned to the church, pursued his theological course, and was admitted to the diaconate, Nov. 18, 1836. He was consecrated to the priesthood in St. Paul's, Norfolk, Va., May 7, 1837, where he served for a short time as assistant minister, and for a period of two years as rector. His next charge, 1839-1843, was St. Paul's, Lynchburg. In 1843 he became rector of St. Peters, Baltimore, and in 1852 rector of Grace Church in the same place. Here Dr. Atkinson remained barely a year, being elected to the episcopal office in 1853. He was consecrated bishop of North Carolina at St. John's chapel. New York, Oct. 17, 1853. During the civil war Bishop Atkinson took an active part in the measures adopted to establish the Episcopal church in the confederate states, but when reconstruction took place he was one of two southern bishops who took their seats in the general convention of 1865. In December, 1873, Rt. Rev. Theodore Benedict Lyman was given to the venerable prelate as assistant. In 1846, he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Trinity college; in 1863 the University of North Carolina conferred upon him the Doctorate of Laws, and in 1867, on the occasion of his visit to England to attend the Lambeth conference, he received the degree of Doctor of Laws from the university of Cambridge, England. The life of Bishop Atkinson was one of devout consecration to the charges he had assumed. He was a preacher of great eloquence. His published works were sermons on special occasions, lectures, charges, etc., a charge on "Sacramental Confession," and a pamphlet in reply to the criticism of the Roman Catholic bishop of Richmond on the above charge. He died at Wilmington, N. C., Jan. 4, 1881.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Atlee, Washington Lemuel

​ATLEE, Washington Lemuel, surgeon, was born in Lancaster. Pa., Feb. 22, 1808; son of Col. William Pitt and Sarah (Light) Atlee. He was graduated at Jefferson Medical college, in 1829; engaged in practice at Mountjoy, Pa., 1829-'33, and at Lancaster, Pa., 1834-'44. He was professor of medical chemistry in Pennsylvania college, 1845-'53; resumed practice in the latter year, and became president of the Philadelphia County Medical association in 1874; of the Pennsylvania Medical association in 1875; and vice-president of the American ​association. Dr. Atlee's contributions to the medical profession are extensive and valuable. His works are largely periodical articles, and he also published: "Memoir of William R. Grant, M.D.", (1853); "General and Differential Diagnosis of Ovarian Tumors" (1873); "Struggles and Triumphs of Ovariotomy" (1875), and "Fibroid Tumors of the Uterus" (1876). See "In Memoriam, Washington Lemuel Atlee," by Thomas Murray Drysdale, M. D., published in the Transactions of the American gynecological society (1879). He died Sept. 7, 1878.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Atkinson, Edward

​ATKINSON, Edward, economist, was born in Brookline, Mass., Feb. 10, 1827. His studies were carried on wholly at private schools, and from early youth he was especially interested in the subject of economics, both practical and theoretical. He attained a position as one of the bestand most thoroughly earnest writers on economic topics. He invented the Aladdin oven, and became president of the Boston manufacturers' Mutual Fire Insurance company, being considered an authority on that subject. In 1899 he was deprived of the use of the U.S. mails on the charge of sending seditious matter by mail to the soldiers in the Philippines. He then turned editor, and published The Anti-Imperialist, a weekly, in which he set forth his views on the McKinley administration. He received the degree LL.D. from the University of South Carolina and Ph. D. from Dartmouth college; and wrote and lectured upon economic matters, the topics including such subjects as "Banking"; "Insufficiency of Economic Legislation"; "What Makes the Rate of Wages"; "Application of Science to the Production and Consumption of Food"; and "Prevention of Loss by Fire." Among his pamphlets and books are "Our National Domain"; "The railroads of the United States"; "Argument for the Conditional Reform of the Legal Tender Act"; "The Railway and the Farmer"; "The Distribution of Products"; "The Margin of Profits"; "Slow Burning Construction"; "Labor and Capital — "Allies, not Enemies"; "What is a Bank"?; " The Industrial Progress of the Nation"; "Consumption Limited; Production Unlimited"; "Influence of Boston Capital upon Manufacturers"; "Cheap Cotton by Free Labor,"; "The Collection of Revenue", and "The Science of Nutrition."
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Atkinson, William Parsons

​ATKINSON, William Parsons, educator, was born in Boston, Aug. 12, 1820. He was graduated from Harvard college in 1838, and soon after his graduation began to teach. He was appointed professor of English and history by the Massachusetts institute of technology at its organization in 1868, becoming sole instructor in English studies. As a teacher he was very successful, being by nature and education peculiarly adapted to the profession. He was a fellow of the American academy, and editor of the Massachusetts Teacher. In 1889 he tendered his resignation to the institute of technology, and in accepting it the executive committee expressed their deep regret and their appreciation of his services. He delivered many able lectures before literary societies, his last course consisting of five lectures before the young men's Christian union, Boston, on the "Boyhood of Famous Authors." He wrote many valuable works, among which are "Classical and Scientific Studies," and "The Great Schools of England," a lecture on "The Right Use of Books," "History and the Study of History; three Lectures," and a lecture on "The Study of Politics." He died March 10, 1890.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Atkinson, William Yates

​ATKINSON, William Yates, governor of, Georgia, was born in Oakland, Meriwether county, Ga., in 1856; son of John P. Atkinson. He was prepared for college at the Senoia high school, and was graduated from the University of Georgia, Athens, Ga., in 1877. He was admitted to the bar in 1878, and settled himself in the practice of his profession at Newman, Ga. In 1879 he was appointed solicitor-general of the Coweta circuit, by Governor Colquitt, and held the office for three years. In 1886 he was elected to the lower house of the state legislature on the Democratic ticket, was four times re-elected, and in 1892 was chosen speaker of the house. In 1890 he was elected president of the state Democratic convention, and chairman of the state Democratic executive committee in 1890 and in 1892. He became a trustee of the University of Georgia in 1890, and was governor of Georgia, 1895-"99. He was a founder of the Georgia Normal and Industrial college at Milledgeville. He died at Newnan, Ga., Aug. 8, 1899.
# The Biographical Dictionary of America/Atherton, Gertrude Franklin

​ATHERTON, Gertrude Franklin, author, was born in San Francisco, Cal., daughter of Thomas L. and Gertrude (Franklin) Horn, and a great grandniece of Benjamin Franklin. She was educated at St. Mary's Hall, Benicia, Cal., and at Sayre Institute, Lexington. Ky., and was married to George H. Bowen Atherton of Menlo Park, Cal. After Mr. Atherton's death she went abroad, ​and spent most of her time from 1894 in foreign countries. She is the author of "The Doomswoman" (1892); "Before the Gringo Came" (1894); "A Whirl Asunder" (1895); "Patience Sparhawk and Her Times" (1897); "His Fortunate Grace" (1897); "American Wives and English Husbands" (1898); "The Californian" (1898); "A Daughter of the Vine" (1789); "The Valiant Runaways" (1879); "Senator North" (1900); "The Conqueror: Being the True and Romantic Account of Alexander Hamilton" (1902).