OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barrett, George

According to Gillian Fenwick's Contributors' Index, the DNB author "J. W. Clerke" is otherwise undocumented, being an error for Ellen Mary Clerke. The ODNB website makes the author John Willis Clark without comment.
​BARRETT, GEORGE (1752–1821), actuary, was the son of a farmer of Wheeler Street, a small hamlet in Surrey. At an early age, although engaged in daily labour, he made, unaided, considerable progress in mathematics, taking special interest in the class of problems connected with the duration of human life. He afterwards, during a period of twenty-five years (1786–1811), laboured assiduously at his great series of life assurance and annuity tables, working all the while, first as a schoolmaster, afterwards as a land steward, for the maintenance of younger relatives, to whose support he devoted a great part of his earnings. In 1813 he became actuary to the Hope Life Office, but retained that appointment for little more than two years. In the worldly sense his life was all failure. At the age of sixty-four he retired, broken in health and worn in spirit, to pass his remaining days with his sisters, at whose house in Godalming he died in 1821.
His comprehensive series of life tables, and the ingenious and fertile method, known as the columnar method, which he had devised for their construction, won the ardent approval of Francis Baily, who made earnest but vain efforts to get them published by subscription, and afterwards (in 1812) read a paper upon them before the Royal Society; but that body, for reasons unexplained, refused to order the memoir to be printed. It was then published as an appendix to the edition of 1813 of Baily's work on ‘Annuities.’ There has been some controversy as to the originality of Barrett's method. His claims have been ably vindicated by De Morgan (Assurance Magazine, iv. 185, xii. ​348); but upon this interesting question, as also for an exposition of Barrett's method and the important advances subsequently made upon it by Griffith Davies and others, we can here only refer to the authorities mentioned below.
Some time after Barrett's death most of his papers were destroyed by fire. The tables were purchased by Charles Babbage, who made use of them in his ‘Comparative View.’ With that exception, and that of the specimens in Baily's appendix, they were never printed.
Barrett also published, in 1786, an ‘Essay towards a System of Police,’ in which he recommends one more patriarchal than that of Russia or the Caliph Haroun al Raschid.
J. W. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barrett, Stephen

​BARRETT, STEPHEN (1718–1801), a classical teacher who gained some reputation, was born in 1718 at Bent, in the parish of Kildwick in Craven, Yorkshire. He was educated at the grammar school, Skipton, and at University College, Oxford. Having taken the degree of M.A. (1744) and entered the ministry, he became master of the free grammar school at Ashford, Kent, and was made rector of the parishes of Purton and Ickleford, Herts. In 1773 he resigned his mastership on receiving the living of Hothfield, Kent. He continued to hold the living until his death, which occurred at Northiam, Sussex, on 26 Nov. 1801. By his wife Mary, daughter of Edward Jacob, Esq., of Canterbury, he left one daughter.
In 1746 Barrett published a Latin translation, which was admired at the time, of ‘Pope's Pastorals.’ Among his friends in early life were Dr. Johnson, and the founder of the ‘Gentleman's Magazine,’ Edward Cave. To that magazine Barrett was a frequent contributor. Vol. xxiv. contains a letter, signed with his name, on a new method of modelling the tenses of Latin verbs. In 1759 he published ‘Ovid's Epistles translated into English verse, with critical essays and notes; being part of a poetical and oratorical lecture read to the grammar school of Ashford in the county of Kent, and calculated to initiate youth in the first principles of Taste.’ He was also the author of ‘War, an Epic Satire,’ and other trifles.
A. H. B.
# Day v. Washburn (64 U.S. 309)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
64 U.S. 309
Day v. Washburn
THIS was an appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the district of Indiana.
A motion was made by Albert G. Porter, as amicus curiae, to dismiss the appeal, because the appeal was taken by part only of the complainants below, and that the other complainants have not been made and are not parties to said appeal.
The authorities cited were the following:A writ of error was brought by Mary Deneale and others, as plaintiffs. The court say, 'who the others are cannot be known to the court, for their names are not given in the writ of error, as they ought to be. Mary Deneale alone cannot maintain a writ of error on this judgment, but all the parties must be joined, and their names set forth, in order that the court may proceed to give a proper judgment in the case.'
Writ of error dismissed for irregularity.
Deneale v. Archer, 8 Peters, 526.
Smyth v. Strader, 12 How., 327.
The writ of error did not contain the names of the parties to the judgment set out in the record.
Cause dismissed.
'If a writ of error be brought in the names of several parties, and any one or more of them refuse to appear and assign errors, they must be summoned and severed, after which the writ of error may be proceeded in by the rest alone.'
2 Tidd., 1135.
Mr. Justice WAYNE delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Day v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
245 U.S. 159
Day v. United States
Argued: Nov. 13, 1917. --- Decided: Nov 26, 1917
Mr. Benjamin Carter, of Washington, D. C., for appellants.
Mr. Assistant Attorney General Thompson, for appellee.
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Day v. Washburn

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Day v. Washburn."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Day v. Washburn (64 U.S. 309)
* Day v. Washburn (65 U.S. 352)
# Day v. Union India Rubber Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
61 U.S. 216
Day v. Union India Rubber Company
THIS was an appeal from the Circuit Court of the United States for the southern district of New York.
The case is stated in the opinion of the court.
It was argued by Mr. Clarence A. Seward and Mr. Jenckes for the appellant, and by Mr. Noyes for the appellees, upon which side there was also a brief by Mr. Staples.
Mr. Justice NELSON delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Compton, Thomas

​COMPTON, alias CARLETON, THOMAS (1593?–1666), Jesuit, was a native of Cambridgeshire. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1617, being then in the twenty-fourth year of his age (Southwell, Bibl. Soc. Jesu, p. 761). Having been ordained priest at Douay in 1622, he was sent to England in 1625 and was professed of the four vows 21 May 1628 (Foley, Records, vii. 154). He taught rhetoric and belles lettres in the English college at St. Omer, and philosophy and theology for many years at Liège, where he was also for a long time prefect of studies. He died at Liège on 24 March 1665–6. Oliver states he was deservedly admired for his classic taste and his skill in philosophical and theological science (Jesuit Collections, p. 72).
He wrote: 1. 'Philosophia Universa,' Antwerp, 1649, 1664, fol. The title-page is a fine engraving by Winceslaus Hollar, representing the author's patron, Maximilian, duke of Bavaria, seated on his throne. 2. 'Prometheus Christianus, seu liber Moralium in quo Philosophiæ finis aperitur. Simulque media quibus in homine formando in hominem utitur declarantur: ex antiquorum Philosophorum monumentis deducta.' Antwerp, 1652, 8vo. 3. 'Cursus Theologici tomus prior,' Liege, 1658, fol., tomus posterior 1664. Other editions of the 'Cursus Theologici,' 2 vols. Liège, 1659-64, Antwerp, 1624, 1634, 1684, 1710, fol. 4. 'Disputationes Physicæ, ubi etiam de Generatione et Corruptione,' Salamanca, 1676, 4to; founded on the works of Aristotle. 5. 'Disputationes in universam Aristotelis Logicam,' Salamanca, 1716, 4to.
[Authorities cited above; Backer's Bibl. des Écrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus (1869), i. 1348; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Gillow's Bibl. Dict. i. 546; Dodd's Church Hist, iii. 311.]
T. C.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Mr. Harbord to Mr. Sidney, January 11,—79

MR. HARBORD TO MR. SIDNEY.
January 11, 79
Sir,
Being just now at Mr. Foulkes's chambers, and meeting Mr. Spencer there, I had the good fortune to see yours to the former, with whom I have in your absence frequently consulted whether I might be useful to you in your absence; and as he will tell you we did agree that in one point I might do you a good turn, and I have undertaken it, and will do it most faithfully. The particulars I will give you an account of when I see you. We all have rejoiced at your good fortune, and admire your conduct, and I assure you no one ​wishes you more good than myself. You will have so much a better account how matters go here from other hands, that I will not trouble you with so silly an opinion of affairs as mine. However, I wish every man in his station would prefer the cause of the public before his own advantage; and that, how different soever men's opinions may be, that might be each man's standard. If the French King renew the ratification, I hope his conquests may be bounded, though not his ambition; and to have had a hand in it is a blessing, which Mr. Sidney's work gives him. If I may by any means prove serviceable to you, pray command me, for
I am your most faithful servant,
W. Harbord.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Mr. Savile to Mr. Sidney, September 11

MR. SAVILE TO MR. SIDNEY.
Paris, September 11th,—79.
This is rather to tell you, I shall not write to you by the next post, than for anything I have to say to you by this, my last haying told you the method of the Queen of Spain's affairs which yet holds, and to-morrow she returns to Fontainbleau, and so does your humble servant; Madame de Mecklenbourg says she heard my Lord Sidney had arrived in Holland; she past near it, and would fain have seen him, had she not have been joined with the Duchess of Osnaburg, who could not be persuaded to pass that way. On Thursday the Duke of Pastrana makes his entry at Fontainbleau; he has three coaches, of which two are so fine that they are supposed to be for his master; I wish you saw him that you might know a person ​that at Madrid is called the terror of husbands, being there what the Earl of Mulgrave would willingly be thought in London. James Porter has resigned his Embassy to Mr. Tufton, by reason of some politic reflections out of England as I am informed from some Catholics here, who are scandalized at the change. Poor old Ruvigny is so ill that his life is very much doubted, his son has also a quartern ague. The news of our master's illness has so frighted me that I expect this day's letters with great impatience, as well as with fear and trembling. Good God, what a change would such an accident make! the very thought of it frights me out of my wits. God bless you, and deliver us all from that damnable curse! The printed narrative I mentioned in my last will not be published till to-morrow.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Mr. Hyde to Mr. Sidney, August 18

MR. HYDE TO MR. SIDNEY.
St. James Street, August 18th.
I was in the county of Wiltshire using my endeavours to be sent up to serve my country in ​the new parliament, when your favour of the 5-15th instant came hither, which hindered me from receiving it till my return on Saturday last, and consequently from paying you the thanks due for ​ so much kindness to me, and for remembering the little commission I took the liberty to give you abont the pills, which I have not yet received, but thank you as much as if I had. Since you have ​taken so much care about them, I should make you more apology for giving you that trouble, but that I intend to employ the health you may help me to by them in your service if there be any occasion for it while I am Commissioner of the Treasury, or in any other way that you shall judge me worthy to be employed in it.
I wish you joy of your new acquaintance you tell me you have made. I will only say for your comfort "dans le royaume des aveugles," you know who are kings, and I wish everything there were better for your sake, there being nobody to ​whom I wish more happiness, and am with greater sincerity and concern a most faithful humble servant,
L. Hyde.
The Duke's daughters go to-morrow from hence to Brussels, which is all the news I know to send you, and that my Lord Ossory was to go over with them, but he does not.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Mr. Mountstevens to Mr. Sidney, February 20

MR. MOUNTSTEVENS TO MR. SIDNEY.
Whitehall, February 20th.
Honoured Sir,
By letters from Edinburgh of the 14th instant, we have an account that the yachts which were ordered to attend their Royal Highnesses arrived this morning, and that they intended to go on board on Monday, which is the last advice we have from thence. My Lord Huntington, who was one of the humble petitioners for a Parliament, is dismist from being Gustos Rotulorum for Warwickshire, and the Earl of Denby is to succeed him. Upon last Tuesday died here my Lord Hollis, and the same day, or a day after, died Sir W.
​Ranisford, some time since Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench. My Lord Bodmyn and Mr. Warwick, his Majesty's Minister for Denmark and Sweden, will go hence about the middle of next week. Upon Sunday the Court is to be in mourning for the death of the Princess Elizabeth, sister to Prince Rupert. This day the Common Council of the City of London met, and only debated particular affairs of the city, without so much as touching upon any thing else, notwithstanding a confident report we have had of late, that they intended at this assembly to revive the petition for calling a Parliament.
The person of whom you and I have had some discourse heretofore bids me assure you that you are as well as you can desire where you wish to be so, and likewise that she will be always ready to embrace whatever occasion may offer for your service.
I am, with all possible respect.
Yours.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Mr. Mountstevens to Mr. Sidney, August 29

MR. MOUNTSTEVENS TO MR. SIDNEY.
Windsor. August 29th, 1679.
Honoured Sir,
The last account I gave you from hence was upon Tuesday; that night the King was taken ill with a fit, but much more moderately than upon Friday and Sunday night; since that, he has had not the least appearance of one; so that the physicians are of opinion he will have no more of it. It is believed his Majesty will return to Whitehall as soon as he shall be in a condition to remove thither with safety, which it is hoped he may do the beginning of next week.
​Yesterday began the election here of Burgesses for the town of Windsor; which was, by consent of both parties, adjourned till this morning. Mr. Powney, and Mr. Carew, of the Buck Hounds, have outnumbered Mr. Winwood and Mr. Starkey very considerably, by reason of the King's servants; so that it is believed they two will be returned. On the other side, Winwood and Starkey are resolved to petition the Parliament; and the question will be, whether the House of Commons, as well as the Mayor of Windsor, will approve of the election, and allow voices to the King's servants, who have no other pretence for voting here but as such. If this find you inclined to the politics, pray consult the enclosed list; but if disposed to soft love, I refer you to the poetry which likewise comes enclosed. I thank you for your favour of the 22nd inst., and am, with all respect.
Honoured Sir, Your most faithful, most obedient servant,
Jo. Mountstevens.
* ↑ Winwood and Starkey were the members who sate for the Borough in this Parliament.
* ↑ Those who are interested in such poetry will regret to find that it has not been preserved—the more subtle essence has evaporated.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/Mr. Savile to Mr. Sidney, August 28

MR. SAVILE TO MR. SIDNEY.
Paris, August 28th,—79.
I was at St. Germains the last post day, and am just now going to Fontainbleau, which are the reasons why I shall write short now. This King and Court went thither on Saturday, and Thursday next will be the ceremony of the marriage, which will be in every thing else splendid to the same degree of my being in clothes of two hundred pistoles. This may make you laugh, but it makes me cry, and lament that I am not in the modest garb of the head of my family, a plain band.
The last news-book tells you of the death of the Cardinal de Retz; and the next will tell you, that the Princess Sophia, known by the name of Duchess of Osnaburgh, is arrived at Maubuisson, with her sister: where Madame immediately went ​to see her, and the reception did favour more of the heartiness of Germany than the gentleness of France. This day is expected here the Duke of Pastrana; he makes his entry at Fontainbleau, on the 8th of the next month. Sir Harry Gotherick came hither last Saturday, and will stay but two days before he pursue his journey towards Madrid, to be there before the hurry of that Court's setting out to meet their new Queen disturb the gravity of his march. Fail not to pity my suffering self, in the midst of all the gaudy fools I shall see for a fortnight before my return hither. In the mean time, what is either worth your entertainment or your information, I shall send you from thence.
If the report of this King's setting out thirty or forty sail of ships be got as far as you, you may comfort yourself it was only an alarum to fright the Danes into that peace which we count upon here as concluded; Monsieur Mayer Groom being, I am told, resolved to sign all that will be offered him the last of this month, and prepared to agree to the matter of Holstein, as it is required here. Colonel Macarty is come here for his pleasure; I wish his stay may be for mine. Colonel Algernon is, I hear, chosen a Member of Parliament: I did not think I should ever have so good a reason to ​wish to be so too, as to hear how he will behave himself. Farther news from hence there is none, and so I take my leave of you, wishing you a thousand happinesses.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calvert, Frederick Crace

​CALVERT, FREDERICK CRACE (1819–1873), chemist, was born in London on 14 Nov. 1819, and was the son of a Colonel Calvert. At the age of sixteen he left London for France, where he remained till 1846. One result of this long stay abroad was that till the end of his life he spoke English with a French accent, and was, in consequence, frequently taken for a foreigner. After studying at Rouen under Gerardin, and in Paris at the Sorbonne, the Collège de France, and the École de Médecine, he held for a short time the post of manager of Messrs. Robiquet & Pelletier's chemical works, but this post he vacated on being appointed assistant to the eminent chemist, Chevreul. It was under Chevreul (his old master as he would always call him) that Calvert's serious chemical work began, and it was the influence of Chevreul which directed his researches towards those branches of industrial chemistry in which he acquired his reputation. In 1846 he returned to England and was appointed professor of chemistry at the Royal Institution in Manchester, where he had settled in practice as a consulting chemist. He now devoted himself almost entirely to questions of industrial chemistry, tanning, the desulphurisation of coke, the protection of iron ships from rust, the manufacture of chlorate of potash, iron puddling, calico-printing, &c. A few years later he took up the manufacture of coal-tar products, especially of phenic or carbolic acid, which he was the first to manufacture in a pure state in this country. Its use as a disinfectant and for therapeutic purposes is due, it may be said, entirely to him. The manufacture of carbolic acid was commenced by him on a small scale in 1859, and in 1865 he established large works at Manchester for its production. He contributed largely to scientific literature, both English and French; his papers are to be found in the ‘Comptes Rendus,’ the ‘Royal Society's Proceedings,’ the ‘Annales de Chimie,’ the ‘Philosophical Magazine,’ the ‘British Association Reports,’ the ‘Journal of the Society of Arts,’ and elsewhere. A full but not complete list of the papers, and unfortunately without references, is given in the biographical notice prefixed to the second edition of his work on ‘Dyeing and Calico-printing.’ He delivered five courses of ‘Cantor’ lectures at the Society of Arts on applied chemistry. His death was the result of an illness contracted at Vienna, whither he had gone to serve as a juror at the International Exhibition of 1873. He died at Manchester 24 Oct. 1873.
H. T. W.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calvert, George (1795-1825)

​CALVERT, GEORGE (1795–1825), surgeon, obtained the Jacksonian prize of the London College of Surgeons three years in succession. One of the essays, ‘On Hæmorrhoids, Strictures,’ &c., was expanded and published in 1824. The ‘Medico-Chirurgical Review’ described it as ‘the best in the English language,’ April 1825, p. 297. Calvert also revised Coffyn's translation of Bichat's ‘General Anatomy,’ 1824. He showed great promise, but died on 14 Nov. 1825, aged 30.
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Calvert, James Snowden

​CALVERT, JAMES SNOWDEN (1825–1884), Australian explorer, was born on 13 July 1825, and received his schooling in Liverpool, Manchester, Birmingham, and London, where his family successively resided after leaving the border. Having friends in New South Wales, Calvert and a brother decided to go out thither in 1840, and on the voyage, in the ship Sir Edward Paget, contracted a lasting friendship with Dr. Ludwig Leichhardt, the well-known explorer, afterwards lost in the bush, who was their fellow-passenger. The result was that Calvert agreed to accompany Dr. Leichhardt on his first expedition, providing his own horses and outfit. The party left Moreton Bay settlement (Brisbane) in 1844 for Port Essington, on the north coast, and after many hardships and difficulties, including numerous conflicts with the blacks, accomplished their mission and returned to Sydney late in 1845. Full particulars of the expedition will be found in Dr. Leichhardt's subsequently published narrative of the journey. Calvert was an exhibitor at the earlier exhibitions in London and Paris, and at the London Exhibition of 1862 was awarded a silver medal for his collection of Australian paper-making materials. Soon after the arrival of Sir Wm. Denison as governor he was placed on the commission of the peace at Sydney. He married the well-known Australian authoress, Miss Laura Atkinson [see Calvert, Caroline Louisa Waring, née Atkinson], and after that lady's sudden death in 1872 he led a retired life. He died in New South Wales 22 July 1884.
H. M. C.