OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Spurzheim, Johann Christoph

See also Johann Spurzheim on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SPURZHEIM, JOHANN CHRISTOPH [Kaspar] (1776–1832), German phrenologist, was born near Treves on the 31st of December 1776. He made the acquaintance of F. J. Gall while studying medicine in Vienna, and for some years assisted him in spreading his phrenological doctrines, but in 1813 the two separated. Spurzheim lectured with considerable success in England and France, and was extending his propaganda to the United States when he died at Boston, Massachusetts, on the 10th of November 1832. His works include: Anatomie et physiologie du système nerveux (1810–1820); Observations sur la phrénologie (1810); The Physiognomical Systems of Drs Gall and Spurzheim (1815), and Essai philosophique sur la nature de l'homme (1820). (See Phrenology.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Squails

See also Shove ha'penny on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​SQUAILS (from skail or kail, a ninepin), an old English game in which disks are snapped or struck with the palm from the edge of a table or board at a mark at its centre. Its early prototype was shove-groat, called also slyp-groat or slide-thrift, which in the 18th century went under the name of jervis or jarvis. This last variation was played on a table marked with chalk into alleys divided into squares numbered from 1 to 9 or 10, the object being to send a halfpenny into a high-numbered space. If it went beyond nothing was scored. The highest aggregate of a certain number of plays won. The most scientific development of this class of games is the modern Shuffle-board (q.v.).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Parchim

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​PARCHIM (Parchem), a town of Germany, in the grand duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin, on the Elde, which flows through it in two arms, 23 m. S.E. of Schwerin, on the railway from Ludwigslust to Neubrandenburg. Pop. (1905), 10,397. It was the birthplace of Moltke, to whom a monument was erected in 1876. It is an ancient place surrounded with walls, and contains a Gothic town hall and two interesting churches. Founded about 1210, Parchim was during part of the 14th century the residence of one branch of the family of the dukes of Mecklenburg. It became a prosperous industrial town during the 16th century, but this prosperity was destroyed by the Thirty Years’ War. A revival, however, set in during the 19th century.
See Hübbe, Zur topographischen Entwickelung der Stadt Parchim (Parchim, 1899); and Weltzien, Zur Geschichte Parchims (Parchim, 1903).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Parasnath

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​PARASNATH, a hill and place of Jain pilgrimage in British India, in Hazaribagh district, Bengal; 4480 ft. above the sea; 18 m. from Giridih station on the East Indian railway. It derives its name from the last of the twenty-four Jain saints, who is believed to have here attained nirvana or beatific annihilation. It is crowded with temples, some of recent date; and the scruples of the Jains have prevented it from being utilized as a sanatorium, for which purpose it is otherwise well adapted
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Paravicino y Arteaga, Hortensio Felix

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​PARAVICINO Y ARTEAGA, HORTENSIO FELIX (1580–1633), Spanish preacher and poet, was born at Madrid on the 12th of October 1580, was educated at the Jesuit college in Ocana, and on the 18th of April 1600 joined the Trinitarian order. A sermon pronounced before Philip III. at Salamanca in 1605 brought Paravicino into notice; he rose to high posts in his order, was entrusted with important foreign missions, became royal preacher in 1616, and on the death of Philip III. in 1621 delivered a famous funeral oration which was the subject of acute controversy. He died at Madrid on the 12th of December 1633. His Oraciones evangélicas (1638–1641) show that he was not without a vein of genuine eloquence, but he often degenerates into vapid declamation, and indulges in far-fetched tropes and metaphors. His Obras pósthumas, divinas y humanas (1641) include his devout and secular poems, as well as a play entitled Gridonia; his verse, like his prose, exaggerates the characteristic defects of Gongorism.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Parcel

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PARCEL (Fr. parcelle, Ital. particella, Lat. particula, diminutive of pars, part), a small part or division of anything; particularly, in the law of real property and conveyancing, a portion of a manor or estate, and so the name of that portion of a legal document, such as a conveyance or lease relating to lands, which contains a description of the estate dealt with. The word is also used of a package of goods contained in a wrapping or cover for transmission by carriage, &c., or by post; hence the term “parcel-post” for the branch of the post-office service which deals with the transmission of such packages. “Parcel” was formerly used in an adverbial or quasi-adverbial sense, meaning “partly,” “to some extent,” thus “parcel-Protestant,” “parcel-lawyer,” &c. This use survives in “parcel-gilt,” i.e. partly gilt, a term applied to articles made of silver with a gilt lining.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Parclose

See also Glossary of architecture#P on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
PARCLOSE (from the O. Fr. parclore, to close thoroughly; Lat. claudere), an architectural term for a screen or railing used to enclose a chantry, tomb, chapel, &c., in a church, and for the space thus enclosed.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pardaillan

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PARDAILLAN, the name of an old French family of Armagnac, of which several members distinguished themselves in the service of the kings of France in the 16th and 17th centuries. Antoine Arnaud de Pardaillan, maréchal de camp, served Henri IV. in Franche-Comté, Picardy and Savoy, and was created marquis de Montespan in 1612 and marquis d’Antin in 1615 under Louis XIII. His grandson Louis Henri, marquis de Montespan, the mistress of Louis XIV. Louis Antoine de Pardaillan de Gondrin (1665–1736), legitimate son the marquise, became lieutenant-general of the armies of the king in 1702, governor of the Orléanais, director-general of buildings in 1708, lieutenant-general in Alsace, member of the council of regency, and minister of state. He was created duc d’Antin in 1711. The last duc d’Antin, Louis, died in 1757.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pardessus, Jean Marie

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​PARDESSUS, JEAN MARIE (1772–1853), French lawyer, was born at Blois on the 11th of August 1772. He was educated by the Oratorians, and then studied law, at first under his father, a lawyer at the Présidial, who was a pupil of Robert J. Pothier. In 1796, after the Terror, he married, but his wife died at the end of three years. He was thus a widower at the age of twenty-seven, but refused to remarry and so give his children a step-mother. He wrote a Traité des servitudes (1806), which went through eight editions, then a Traité du contrat et des lettres de change (1809), which pointed him out as fitted for the chair of commercial law recently formed at the faculty of law at Paris. The emperor, however, had insisted that the position should be open to competition. Pardessus entered (1810) and was successful over two other candidates, André M. J. J. Dupin and Persil, who afterwards became brilliant lawyers. His lectures were published under the title Cours de droit commercial (4 vols., 1813–1817). In 1815 Pardessus was elected deputy for the department of Loir-et-Cher, and from 1820 to 1830 was constantly re-elected; then, however, he refused to take the oath of allegiance to Louis Philippe, and was deprived of his office. After the publication of the first volume of his Collection des lois maritimes antérieures au xviiiiᵉ siècle (1828) he was elected a member of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres. He continued his collection of maritime laws (4 vols., 1828–1845), and published Les Us et coutumes de la mer (2 vols., 1847). He also brought out two volumes of Merovingian diplomas (Diplomata, chartae, epistolae, leges, 1843–1840); vols. iv.–vi. of the Table chronologique des diplomes; and ​vol. xxi. of Ordonnances des rois de France (1849), preceded by an Essai sur l’ancienne organisation judiciaire, which was reprinted in part in 1851. In 1843 Pardessus published a critical edition of the Loi salique, followed by 14 dissertations, which greatly advanced the knowledge of the subject. He died at Pimpeneau near Blois on the 27th of May 1853.
See notices in Journal général de l’instruction publique (July 27, 1853), in the Bibliothèque de l’école des chartes (3rd series, 1854, v. 453), and in the “Histoire de l’académie des inscriptions et belles lettres” (vol. xx. of the Mémoires de l’académie, 1861).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Parasol

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​PARASOL (Fr., from Ital. parasole: parare, to shield, and sole, sun), a sunshade, a light or small form of umbrella, covered with coloured silk or other material. In Japan and China gaily coloured parasols of paper stretched on bamboo frames are used by all classes. The parasol of an elaborate and highly ornamented type has been the symbol of high honour and office in the East, being borne over rulers, princes and nobles. The negro chiefs of West Africa reserve to themselves the privilege of bearing parasols of considerable size and substantial construction, the size varying and denoting gradations in rank.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Paray-le-Monial

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​PARAY-LE-MONIAL, a town of east-central France in the department of Saône-et-Loire, 58 m. W.N.W. of Macon by the Paris-Lyon railway, on which it is a junction for Moulins, Lozanne, Clermont and Roanne. Pop. (1906), 3382. It lies on the slope of a hill on the right bank of the Bourbince and has a port on the Canal du Centre. The chief building in the town is the priory church of St Pierre. Erected in the 12th century in the Romanesque style of Burgundy, it closely resembles the abbey church of Cluny in the length of the transepts, the height of the vaulting and the general plan. The town is the centre of a district important for its horse-raising; bricks, tiles and mosaics are the chief manufactures of the town. In the 10th century a Benedictine priory was founded at Paray-le-Monial. In the 16th century the town was an industrial centre, but its prosperity was retarded by the wars of religion and still more by the revocation of the edict of Nantes. In 1685 the visions of Marguerite Marie Alacoque, a nun of the convent of the Visitation, who believed herself to possess the Sacred Heart of Jesus, attracted religious gatherings to the town, and yearly pilgrimages to Paray-le-Monial still take place.
# Executive Order 967

more info.
Amends Executive Order 394, January 6, 1906. Also see Executive Order 274, November 15, 1904.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Monday, November 9, 1908
1908 CSR 125; 2 Canal Record 106, December 2, 1908
Schedule A, Section VIII, paragraph 1, of the civil-service rules, is hereby amended by the addition of the following words at the end of the paragraph:
    Unless he was classified by the executive order of November 15, 1904, in a position which was then and is at the time of the proposed transfer in the competitive service.
As amended the paragraph will read as follows:
The White House,
    November 9, 1908.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 964

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Amends Executive Order 324-C, May 17, 1905.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Monday, November 2, 1908
General Orders, No. 181, War Dept., November 16, 1908
It is hereby ordered that Parcel "B" of the Military Reservation of Malate Barracks, commonly called "Cuartel de Malate" situated in the city of Manila, Philippine Islands, as reserved by of May 17, 1905 (G. O., No. 77, War Department, May 27, 1905), be modified so as to include lands bounded and described as follows:
Beginning at a point marked "1" on plan prepared in the office of the Chief Engineer Officer, Philippines Division, June, 1908, and designated as 'Map of Parcel B' Military Reservation, Cuartel Malate; said point being the intersection of the west building line of Calle Real and the south side of a caIlejon marking the north boundary of the military reservation; also being N. 8° 17′ E. 2.522 meters from a cross-cut in the top of a cannon-shot set into the bottom of the concrete gatepost at the southeast side of the northeast entrance to Parcel "B" Cuartel Malate; thence S. 25° 28′ E. 241.19 meters to point marked "2" on plan; said point being the intersection of the west building line of Calle Real and the northern line of private property declared in decree No. 534 of the Court of Land Registration of the Philippine Islands; also being S. 60° 38′ E. 0.519 meters from a cross cut in the top of the cannon-ball surmounting the pillar at the southeast corner of Parcel "B", Cuartel Malate; thence S. 64° 56′ W 78.33 meters to point "3" on plan; said point being the intersection of the line of private property above described with the line of the exterior crest of the sea wall of the Military Reservation; said property line also being marked with a cut in the concrete top of the sea wall at its exterior edge; thence N 26° 07′ 30″ W. 245.40 meters along the line of the sea wall to point marked "4" on plan; said point being the northwest corner of the sea wall; thence N. 67° 45′ E. 81.38 meters to the point of beginning—including the land between high and low-water mark in Manila Bay in front of said parcel. Area, within metes and bounds described above, 19,387.19 square meters. All bearings true.
The White House,
    November 2, 1908.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 966

more info.
2 Canal Record 101, November 25, 1908.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Saturday, November 7, 1908
Under authority vested in me by law, it is ordered:
* An appeal from the judgment of a District Court of the Canal Zone may be taken by the defendant by giving notice in open court of his intention so to do at the time the judgment is rendered, or by filing with the court a written notice of appeal within five days thereafter. The appeal may thereupon be perfected by the defendant by filing with the District Court or with the Circuit Court to which the appeal is taken, a bond in a sum fixed by the Judge of said District Court or the Judge of said Circuit Court, but not exceeding two hundred and fifty dollars, and with one or more sufficient sureties approved by the court or clerk accepting the same, for his appearance and trial upon appeal in the Circuit Court: Provided, That if a money deposit be made in lieu of the bond, the amount to be deposited shall not exceed one-half of the sum required in the bond.
* Sections 44, 45, and 46 of the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Canal Zone are hereby repealed.
The White House,
    November 7, 1908.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 9634

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order. NARA
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Friday, September 28, 1945
Federal Register page & date: 10 FR 12305, Tuesday, October 2, 1945
By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered that the Secretary of State and the Secretary of the Interior shall from time to time jointly recommend the establishment by Executive orders of fishery conservation zones in areas of the high seas contiguous to the coasts of the United States, pursuant to the proclamation entitled ‘‘Policy of the United States With Respect to Coastal Fisheries in Certain Areas of the High Seas,’’ this day signed by me, and said Secretaries shall in each case recommend provisions to be incorporated in such orders relating to the administration, regulation and control of the fishery resources of and fishing activities in such zones, pursuant to authority of law heretofore or hereafter provided.

## Notes
### Cross Reference

* Proclamation 2668, September 28, 1945, 10 FR 12304, serves as the authority for this Executive Order.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 9637

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Wednesday, October 3, 1945
Federal Register page & date: 10 FR 12543, Friday, October 5, 1945
Executive Order 9637 of October 3, 1945
Medal for Merit
By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 2 of the act of July 20, 1942, 56 Stat. 662, I hereby prescribe the following rules and regulations for the award of the decoration of the Medal for Merit, created by said act:
* The decoration of the Medal for Merit shall be awarded only by the President of the United States or at his direction. Awards of the Medal for Merit may be made to such civilians of the nations prosecuting the war under the joint declaration of the United States and of other friendly foreign nations as have distinguished themselves by exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services in the furtherance of the prosecution of the war since the proclamation of an emergency by the President on September 8, 1939. Awards of the Medal for Merit made to civilians of foreign nations shall be for the performance of an exceptionally meritorious or courageous act or acts in furtherance of the war efforts of the United Nations.
* There is hereby established the Medal for Merit Board, which shall be composed of three members appointed by the President, one of whom shall be designated by the President to act as Chairman of the Board.
* The Medal for Merit Board shall receive and consider proposals for the award of the decoration of the Medal for Merit and submit to the President the recommendations of the Board with respect thereto. In the case of proposed awards to civilians of foreign nations, such recommendations shall include the recommendations of the Secretary of State.
* The Medal for Merit Board is authorized to prescribe, with the approval of the President, such rules and regulations not inconsistent with the provisions of this order as may be necessary to accomplish its purposes.
* Executive Order 9331 of April 19, 1943, and the Medal for Merit Board created thereby, are superseded by this order.

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Supersedes

* Executive Order 9331, April 19, 1943

### Amended by

* Executive Order 9857-A, May 27, 1947

### See Related

* Proclamation 2352, September 8, 1939;
* Executive Order 9286, December 24, 1942;
* Transfer Order 30 of the Secretary of Defense dated December 10, 1948 (13 FR 8163)
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 9673

more info.
See the Notes section for a listing of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Thursday, January 3, 1946
Federal Register page & date: 11 FR 224, Friday, January 4, 1946
By virtue of the authority vested in me by the Constitution and Statutes, including Title I of the First War Powers Act, 1941, and as President of the United States, it is hereby ordered as follows:
    The functions of the Office of Production Research and Development in the Civilian Production Administration, established by General Administrative Order No. 2-66 of the Chairman of the War Production Board, dated November 23, 1942, excluding the winding up of the unliquidated research and development contracts entered into prior to the date of this order, together with so much of the personnel, records, property, and funds of the Civilian Production Administration as relates primarily to the said functions, are transferred to the Department of Commerce and shall be administered under the supervision and direction of the Secretary of Commerce. Such measures and dispositions as may be determined by the Director of the Bureau of the Budget to be necessary to effectuate the transfers provided for in this order shall be carried out in such manner as the Director may direct and by such agencies as he may designate.

## Notes
### See Related

* None Available
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Executive Order 9615

more info.
See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Harry S. Truman Friday, September 14, 1945
Federal Register page & date: 10 FR 11789, Saturday, September 15, 1945
By virtue of and pursuant to the authority vested in me by section 12 of the Act of July 2, 1926, 44 Stat. 789, it is hereby ordered as follows:
    The time limitations imposed by the first sentence of paragraph 8 of Executive Order No. 4601 of March 1, 1927, prescribing rules and regulations pertaining to the award of the Distinguished Flying Cross, shall not apply to any case in which (1) the act or achievement justifying the award is performed during the period commencing December 7, 1941, and ending with the date of the termination of hostilities in the present war, and (2) the recommendation of an award for such act or achievement is initiated within six months after the latter date. The term ‘‘date of the termination of hostilities in the present war’’ means the date proclaimed by the President as the date of such termination.

## Notes

Shortcut: WS:USEO

### Amends

* Executive Order 4601, March 1, 1927

### Superseded by

* Executive Order 10189, December 6, 1950

### See Related

* Executive Order 4576, January 28, 1927;
* Executive Order 7786, January 8, 1938;
* Executive Order 7962, August 22, 1938;
* Transfer Order 40 of the Secretary of Defense dated July 22, 1949 (14 FR 4908)
* Executive Order 13286, February 28, 2003
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 963

more info.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Wednesday, October 28, 1908
1908 CSR 138
Mr. Charles W. Edwards, an unclassified laborer in the office of the Register of the Treasury, may be promoted or appointed to the position of classified laborer in the service of the Treasury Department.
The White House,
    October 28, 1908.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse