OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/nach

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​ nach, prep., ‘after, behind, in accordance with,’ from MidHG. nâch, OHG. nâh, prep., ‘after, near to, beside’; comp. Goth. nêhw, nêhwa. prep., ‘near to’; allied to the adj. nahe, OHG. nâh, Goth. nêhws.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kaufen

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​ kaufen, vb., ‘to buy,’ from MidHG. koufen, OHG. choufôn. The meaning in OHG. and MidHG. is somewhat more general, ‘to trade, negotiate,’ specially also ‘to buy, sell, or to barter.’ Comp. Goth. kaupôn, ‘to trade,’ AS. čŷpan (Goth. *kaupjan), ‘to buy, sell.’ The word has numerous interesting meanings; its primary sense is ‘to barter,’ and was used by the parties on either side, and hence on the development of the system of paying in specie it signified both ‘to buy’ and ‘to sell’; comp. also AS. ceáp, ‘trade, business, cattle’ (cattle was, in fact, the chief medium of payment in exchange; comp. Geld and Vieh). It is most closely allied to Lat. caupo, ‘retail dealer, innkeeper,’ and in connection with this fact it is certainly remarkable that a nomen agentis corresponding to Lat. caupo is far less widely diffused than the Teut. vb. kaupôn (only in OHG. does choufo mean ‘shopkeeper’). The Teut. vb. in the form of kupiti, ‘to buy’ (allied to kupŭ, ‘trade,’ kupĭcĭ, merchant,’ Lith. kùpezus, ‘merchant’), passed into prim. Slav. and Finn. (kauppata, ‘to trade’). The cognates are wanting in Rom. (comp. Kaiser). — The ModHG. Kauf is OHG. chouf, m., ‘trade, business’; AS. čeáp, ‘trade’; in E. the cognates cheap and chapman have been retained.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kauzen

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​ kauzen, vb., ‘to cower’; ModHG. only; like kauern, it is connected with the root kû; zen is a suffix from OHG. zen, azen (ȥȥen, aȥȥen), Goth. atjan; *kûwatjan would be the Goth. form. Comp. kauern.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kein

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kein | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kein, num. adj., ‘no, none,’ from MidHG. kein, shortened from dechein, OHG. dihhein, also OHG. dohh-ein, nihhein, nohhein, all of which are compounded with ein. The meaning of OHG. and MidHG. dech is obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kauderwelsch

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​ kauderwelsch, adj., ‘jargon,’ first occurs in early ModHG. allied to an unexplained vb. kaudern, ‘to talk unintelligibly,’ ​hence ‘strange, unintelligible foreign tongue.’ It seems to have been a Swiss word orig. and allied to Suab. and Swiss kauder, chûder, ‘tow’; or should it be churwelsch?
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/keck

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​ keck, adj., ‘pert, impudent,’ from MidHG. këc, a variant of quëc (inflected këcker, quëcker), ‘living, fresh’; OHG. chëc (inflected chëcchêr), quëc, quëcchêr, ‘living.’ Corresponding to AS. cwicu (cucu), ‘living,’ E. quick. The prim. meaning of the adj. is ‘living,’ and the ModHG. lebhaft, ‘lively,’ illustrates the development of the signification. For farther comparison we have to proceed from the corresponding Goth. adj. qiwa, ‘living’ (the second c, k of the HG. and E. words, is an insertion before the Goth. w). Goth. qiwa-, derived from gwiwo-, giwo-, corresponds exactly to Lat. vîvus for gwîvus, Sans. jîvás, ‘living,’ allied to Lat. vîvere (victus); Sans. jivâtus, ‘life,’ jîvathas, ‘life’; furthur, in Gr. with an initial β (comp. βαίνω, ‘to go’), βίος, βίοτος, βιόω; allied to OSlov. živŭ, Lith. gývas, OIr. beo, ‘living.’ All these forms indicate an Aryan root gī̆w, ‘to live.’ This root seems to be graded in Teut. only, in OIc. kveykva, kveikja (Goth. *qaiwjan), ‘to light a fire,’ prop. ‘to give life to.’ In ModHG. erquicken and Quecksilber are connected with the same root, and in fact with the Aryan, adj. gī̆wós, ‘living’; the loss of the u after q, which has differentiated keck from queck, is seen also in kommen, Köder, and Kot.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/keifen

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​ keifen, vb., ‘to scold,’ with the LG. form for the strictly HG. keiben, MidHG. kîben, ‘to upbraid, quarrel,’ with the equiv. frequentative kibeln, kiveln; MidHG. kîp, kîbes, m., ‘wrangling manner, defiance, refractoriness.’ MidLG. kîven, Du. kijven, ‘to upbraid,’ Scand. kífa, ‘to quarrel,’ kíf, ‘quarrel.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kauen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kauen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kauen, vb., ‘to chew,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kûwen, kiuwen, OHG. chiuwan; ModHG. au and MidHG. û in this word compared with äu in wiederkäuen is properly MidG. merely. It corresponds to AS. ceóuwan, E. to chew, and the equiv. Du. kaauwen. The verb, which is based on a Teut. root këw, ku, pre-Teut. gew, is wanting in Goth.; comp. OSlov. žĭvą, žują, žĭvati, ‘to chew.’ The Aryan root is gjū̆, gī̆w, ‘to chew’; see Rieme. Gr. γεύομαι for γεύσομας is totally unconnected with HG. kauen, being allied to kosten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kauern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kauern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kauern, vb., ‘to crouch’; its relation to MidHG. hûren (Du. hurken), ‘to squat,’ is obscure; in E. and in Scand. an initial k also appears, MidE. couren, E. to cower; Dan. kûre, Swed. kûra, in the ModHG. sense; OIc. kúra, ‘to be inactive’ Comp. kauzen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kaum

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kaum | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kaum, adv., ‘scarcely,’ from MidHG. kûme, as adj. (?), ‘thin, weak, infirm,’ as adv. (OHG. chûmo), ‘with difficulty, hardly, scarcely, not’; to this is allied OHG. chûmig, ‘powerless, toilsome.’ ‘Feeble’ is the prim. meaning of the adj. and adv., as is shown by Lower Hess. küme, MidLG. küme, Swiss chum, and MidE. kîme, ‘feeble.’ The corresponding AS. cŷme signifies ‘tender, fine, beautiful’ (comp. klein), Teut. kûmi-, ‘feeble,’ is not found in the other languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kehren

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kehren | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kehren (1.), vb., ‘to turn,’ from MidHG. kêren, OHG. chêrren, ‘to turn, direct’; a difficult word to explain both etymologically and phonetically; in AS. čěrran, čy̆rran (pret. čy̆rde), ‘to turn.’
kehren (2.), vb., ‘to sweep,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kęrn, kęren, kęrjen, OHG. chęrian, chęren; the Goth. form is probably *karjan, not *kazjan; also OHG. ubarchara, ‘offscouring, impurity,’ connected with Ic. kar, n., ‘dirt (on new-born lambs and calves).’ Probably primit. allied to Lith. żeriu, żèrti, ‘to scrape.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sahne

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​ Sahne, f., ‘cream,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. (MidG. and LG.) sane, f.; comp. Du. zaan. The word orig. also belonged probably to UpG., as is indicated by the derivative Senne (for Sahne the UpG. and MidG. word Rahm is now used, in Swiss also nĭdel, and in other dials. Schmant). The origin of the cognates is obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sage

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sage | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sage, f., ‘legend, report,’ from MidHG. sage, OHG. saga, f., ‘speech, declaration, tale, rumour’; an abstract from sagen, like AS. saga, f., from sęcgan; E. saw,
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Saite

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Saite | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Saite, f., ‘string’ (of a musical instrument), from MidHG. seite, m. and f., OHG. seita, f., seito, m., ‘string, cord, fetter’; comp. OHG. seid, n., ‘cord, noose,’ AS. sâda, m., ‘cord, noose,’ derived by means of the Aryan suffix t from the Teut. and Aryan root sai, by gradation sī̆, ‘to bind,’ which appears in Seil; comp. further OIc. seimr, m., ‘string’ (Goth. *sai-ma-), and síma, n., ‘string,’ AS. sîma, OSax. sī̆mo, m., ‘cord’; also Gr. ὶ-μάς, ‘strap,’ and the Sans. root si, ‘to bind, fetter.’ The derivatives most closely allied to the Teut. word are OSlov. sě-tĭ, f., ‘cord,’ and Lith. saítas, m., ‘cord.’ With regard to the Pre-Teut. root sī̆, see further under Seil.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sache

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sache | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sache, f., ‘thing, matter, affair, business, case,’ from MidHG. sache, OHG. sahha, f., ‘quarrel, cause of dispute, lawsuit, opportunity, affair, cause, reason'; corresponding to the equiv. OIc. sǫk, f., and OSax. saka, f.; comp. Du. zaak, ‘thing,’ AS. sacu, ‘strife, feud,’ E. sake, Goth. sakjô, f., ‘strife, dispute.’ The cognates are connected with Goth. sakan, ‘to strive, dispute,’ AS. sacan, OSax. sakan, OHG. sahhan, ‘to blame, scold; sue (at law).’ The root sak, ‘to contend, sue (at law),’ is peculiar to Teut. The evolution in meaning is worthy of special notice. The general sense ‘case' is a later development of ‘lawsuit, dispute,’ which has been preserved in ModHG. Sachwalter, ‘attorney, advocate’ (see further Widersacher). Old legal parlance developed the former from the latter.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Saft

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​ Saft, m., ‘sap, juice,’ from the equiv. MidHG. saft, usually saf, OHG. saf (gen. saffes), n.; corresponding to AS. sœp, n., E. sap, Du. and LG. sap. Its connection with Lat. sapio (OHG. sęven, sęppen, MidHG. sęben, ‘to observe’) and sapor is conceivable on account of OIc. safe, ‘sap,’ provided that an Aryan root sap, sab (comp. Sans. sadar, ‘nectar’) seems possible (on the other band, Gr. ὀπός, ‘sap,’ and OSlov. sokŭ are not allied). The prevalent view that AS. sœp and OHG. saf were borrowed from Lat. săpa, ‘thick must,’ is unsatisfactory.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sack

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sack | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sack, m., ‘sack, bag, pocket,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sac (gen. sackes), OHG. sac (gen. sacches), m.; corresponding to the equiv. Goth. sakkus, m., OIc. sekkr, m., AS. sœcc, m., E. sack, and Du. zak. A loanword from Lat. saccus (Ital. sacco, Fr. and OIr. sac), which came through the medium of Gr. σάκκος, from the Hebr. and Phœnic. sak. The Lat. word seems to have been introduced into G., through commercial intercourse with Roman merchants, at a very early period (in Cæsar's time?), probably contemporaneously with Arche, Kiste, and Schrein.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Saal

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Saal | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Saal, m., ‘hall, large room, drawing-room,’ from MidHG. and OHG. sal, m. and n., ‘house, large room, hall, building generally containing only one room, especially used for assemblies’; OSax. sęli, m., ‘building consisting of only one large room.’ In OHG. and OSax. the term sęlihûs, ‘house with a large room,’ is also used; AS. sęle, salor, sœl, ‘hall, palace,’ OIc. salr, m. (OTeut. saloz, saliz, n., may be assumed). Goth. preserves only the allied saljan, ‘to find shelter, remain,’ and saliþwôs, f. plur. ‘lodging, guest-chamber’; comp. with the latter OHG. sęlida, f., ‘dwelling,’ MidHG. sęlde. To these OSlov. selitva, f., ‘dwelling,’ and selo, n., ‘courtyard, village,’ and also Lat. sŏlum, ‘soil, ground.’ From the Teut. cognates are derived the Rom. class, Ital. sala, Fr. salle, ‘hall, room.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Saat

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​ Saat, f., ‘sowing, seed, crop,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. sât, f.; corresponding to OSax. sâd, n., Du. zaad, AS. sœ̂d, m. and n., E. seed, OIc. sœ̂ðe, and sáð, n., ‘seed,’ Goth. only in mana-sêþs (þ equiv. to d), f., ‘mankind, world.’ OTeut. sê-di and sê-da- are abstract forms from the primit. root sê, ‘to sow,’ contained in Seu and Same.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Safran

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​ Safran, m., ‘saffron,’ from MidHG. safrân, m., which is derived from Fr. safran (comp. E. saffron); comp. Ital. zafferano, the ultimate source of which is the equiv. Arab. zâfarân.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/meiden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry meiden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ meiden, verb, ‘to avoid, shun, refrain,’ from Middle High German mîden, ‘to dispense with, suffer want, eschew, forsake, refrain from’; Old High German mîdan, ‘to hide oneself from, keep secret, eschew, refrain from’; compare Old Saxon mîthan, Anglo-Saxon mîðan, ‘to hide, conceal, refrain from.’ The original sense of the cognates seems to be ‘to hide, remain far from,’ but definitely related terms are wanting; Latin amitto, Lithuanian pa-metù, ‘to thrown away,’ are not connected. For other words similar in sound see under miß and missen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/meist

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry meist. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ meist, adjective and adverb, ‘most, mostly,’ from Middle High German meist, adjective, ‘greatest, most,’ adverb, ‘mostly, at best, very specially’ (a superlative of the comparative mehr, Middle High German mêr); compare Old High German meist, Gothic maists, from the Old High German posit. mihhil, Gothic mikils, ‘great.’ Gothic ma-ists has the old superlative suffix ist like Gothic bat-ists, Old High German beȥȥ-ist; from the stem ma- the Gothic comparative ma-iza is also formed. The forms of comparison seemed to be based on the Gothic adjectival stem mêrs, Old High German mâ-ri, ‘projecting.’ Compare also Old Saxon mêst, Dutch meest, Anglo-Saxon mœ̂st (mâst), English most.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/melk

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry melk. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ melk, adjective, ‘giving milk, milch,’ from the equivalent Middle High German mële, mëlch, Old High German mëlch (equivalent to Anglo-Saxon mëlc), adjective; compare Old Icelandic mjolkr, milkr, Middle English milche, English milch, adjective (Anglo-Saxon *mylče is wanting); a verbal adjective from melken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/melken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry melken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ melken, verb, from the equivalent Middle High German mëlken, mëlchen, Old High German mëlchan, ‘to milk’; compare Dutch melken, Anglo-Saxon mëlcan (wanting in English, in which to milk is used); Icelandic mjalta, and also mjalter, ‘milking,’ mjaltr, ‘milch,’ but also from mjolk, ‘milk,’ mjolka, ‘to milk,’ and mjolkr, ‘milch’; Gothic *milkan is by chance not recorded. The Teutonic root melk is derived from the Aryan melg, which occurs with the same meaning in the West Aryan languages; compare Latin mulgere, Greek ἀμέλγει, Old Slovenian mlěsti (present mlŭzą), Lithuanian mìlsti (present mélžu). In the East Aryan languages the corresponding root appears with an older signification, ‘to wipe or rub off’ (compare Sanscrit mârj, mṛj, Zend marez). Melken is one of the characteristic words which point to a closer connection between the West Aryans compared with the East Aryans; compare Hanf and mahlen. See also Milch, Molke, and melk.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mein

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry mein. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mein, possessive pronoun, ‘my,’ from Middle High German and Old High German mîn; in the same form it is the common Teutonic possessive pronoun from the stem me- of the personal pronoun (mir, mich, thus even in Middle High German and Old High German). This stem me- (in Gothic mi-s, ‘to me,’ mi-k, ‘me,’ accusative) is ​according to Latin meus, mihi, Greek μέ, Sanscrit ma, common to the Aryan division. Further details belong to grammar.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/meinen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry meinen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ meinen, verb, ‘to think, opine, mean,’ from Middle High German meinen, ‘to direct one's thoughts to, have in view, aim at, be affected towards a person, love,’ Old High German meinen, meinan, ‘to mean, think, say, declare’; compare Old Saxon mênian, Dutch meenen, Anglo-Saxon mœ̂nan, English to mean (to this Anglo-Saxon mœ̂nan, English to moan, are supposed to be allied); Gothic *mainjan is wanting. The most closely allied term is Old Slovenian měnja, měniti, ‘to mean.’ The latter, as well as West Teutonic meinen (assuming mainjan from mênjan)'is usually rightly connected with the man, ‘to think’ (compare mahnen, Mann, and Minne). The meaning ‘to love’ appears only in Middle High German, but with the revival of Middle High German literature it has been introduced into Modern High German poetry. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/melden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry melden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ melden, verb, ‘to mention, notify, announce,’ from Middle High German mëlden, ‘to inform against, betray, announce, show, name’; compare Old High German mëldôn, Old Saxon mëldôn, Anglo-Saxon mëldian, ‘to inform against, betray’; a West Teutonic verb simply, meaning ‘to betray,’ to which other senses have been given in Middle High German Gothic *milþôn points to a Teutonic root *melþ, ‘to betray’; an equivalent pre-Teutonic *melt has not yet been authenticated.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mehrer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry mehrer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mehrer, adjective, ‘greater, several,’ from Middle High German mêrer, comparative adjective. See mehr.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mengen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry mengen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mengen, verb, ‘to mingle, mix, blend,’ from Middle High German męngen, ‘to mix, mingle,’ feminine, introduced from Middle German and Low German; in Old High German, męngan occurs once as a Franconian word (in Isidore); Old Saxon męngian, Dutch mengen, Anglo-Saxon męngan, Middle English mengen, ‘to mix’ (whence English to mingle); Gothic *maggjan is wanting. Allied to Old Saxon gimang, Anglo-Saxon gemong, ‘mingling, commixtio, company, troop’; Anglo-Saxon on gemǫng, English among, so too Old Saxon an gimange. From these may be deduced a West Teutonic root mang, ‘to mix,’ which, however, is unknown to Suabian and Bavarian. It has been connected with hardly sufficient reason, with the root mik, ‘to mix’ (see mischen), which appears in most of the Aryan languages; it is more probably allied to Lithuanian mìnkau, mìnkyti, ‘to knead,’ mìnklas, ‘dough’ (Old Slovenian mękŭkŭ, ‘soft,’ mąka, ‘meal’). In that case mengen would be traced to a pre-Teutonic root meng, ‘to knead.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/mergeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry mergeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ mergeln, verb, ‘to emaciate, enervate,’ Modern High German only; derived with the ​compounds ab- and aus-mergeln from Mark (3), Middle High German marc, marges.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/knittern

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/knittern | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ knittern, vb., ‘to rumple,’ ModHG. only; an imitative word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/knarren

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/knarren | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ knarren, vb., ‘to creak,’ from MidHG. knarren, gnarren, ‘to creak, snarl’; a recent onomatopoetic term like knirren and knurren.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/kneten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kneten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kneten, vb., ‘to knead,’ from the equiv. MidHG. knëten, OHG. chnëtan; comp. MidLG. and Du. kneden, ‘to knead,’ AS. cnëdan, MidE. cneden, E. to knead; a Goth. *knidan, or rather *knudan (comp. treten), ‘to knead,’ may be assumed; Scand. has only a wk. knoða, pointing to Goth. *knudan. Since HG. t, LG., E., and Goth. d may have originated in t owing to earlier positions of the accents (comp. Vater, AS. fœder, with Lat. pater, Gr. πατήρ), gnet may be regarded as the pre-Teut. root. Comp. OSlov. gnetą, gmesti, ‘to crush, knead.’