OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Stryker v. Crane

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
123 U.S. 527
Stryker v. Crane
C. H. Gatch and Wm. Connor, for plaintiffs in error.
George Crane, for defendants in error.
WAITE, C. J.
These suits all grew out of the delay which attended the settlement of the controversies in reference to the Des Moines river improvement land grant made by congress to the territory of Iowa, August 8, 1846, which will be hereafter referred to as the 'River Grant.' 9 St. 77. The character of those controversies may be seen by referring to the cases of Railroad Co. v. Litchfield, 23 How. 66; Wolcott v. Des Moines Co., 5 Wall. 681; Williams v. Baker, 17 Wall. 144; Homestead Co. v. Railroad, Id. 153; and Wolsey v. Chapman, 101 U.S. 755. At first it was supposed, both by the officers of the United States and of the state, that the grant embraced lands above the Raccoon Fork of the river, and the state of Iowa made conveyances to the Des Moines Navigation & Railroad Company, under which John Stryker, Richard B. Chapman, Grace H. Litchfield, Edwin C. Litchfield, J. B. Plumb, and William B. Welles each claimed title to separate tracts in that locality as bona fide purchasers.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Stryker's American Register and Magazine

Stryker's American Register and Magazine is a periodical, published from 1848 to 1851. The first three volumes are called the American Quarterly Register and Magazine.
The American Quarterly Register and Magazine
* Volume 1 (1848) External scan External scan External scan External scan IA
* Volume 2 (1849) External scan External scan External scan External scan External scan IA
* Volume 3 (1849) External scan External scan External scan External scan IA IA
Stryker's American Register and Magazine
* Volume 4 (1850) External scan External scan
* Volume 5 (1851) External scan External scan IA
* Volume 6 (1851) External scan (transcription project)
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Stuart Pratt Sherman

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Stuart Pratt Sherman."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Stuart Pratt Sherman, American literary critic and educator
* "Stuart Pratt Sherman" (1926, "'Another good man gone East!' No more to see"), a poem by Anna Shattuck Palmer
# Stuart v. Boulware

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
133 U.S. 78
Stuart v. Boulware
John E. Kenna, Alex. F. Mathews, and M. F. Morris, for appellant.
W. Hallett Phillips, for appellees.
FULLER, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Stuart v. Easton

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Stuart v. Easton."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Stuart v. Easton (156 U.S. 46)
* Stuart v. Easton (170 U.S. 383)
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Christina (Spain)

Edition of 1879. See also the disclaimer.
​ CHRISTINA, queen of Spain. See Maria Christina.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Christmas, Henry

Edition of 1879. See also Henry Christmas on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​CHRISTMAS, or Noel-Fearn, Henry, an English clergyman and author, born in London in 1811, died there, March 10, 1868. He received the degree of A. M. at St. John's college, Cambridge, in 1837, entered into orders, and filled several curacies till 1841, when he became librarian and secretary of Sion college. In 1840-'48, and 1854-'8, he was editor of the “Church of England Quarterly Review;” in 1840-'43 of the “Churchman;” in 1845-'8 of the “British Churchman;” and in 1859-'60, of the “Literary Gazette.” In 1854-'9 he was professor of English history and archæology in the royal society of literature. He was also secretary of the numismatic society, and made a valuable collection of coins which were subsequently sold for a large sum. Besides editing several antiquarian works, contributing to various periodicals, and making translations from the French, German, and Portuguese, he published “Universal Mythology,” “Shores and Islands of the Mediterranean,” “Christian Politics,” “Preachers and Preaching,” “Sin, its Causes and Consequences,” “Cradle of the Twin Giants,” and “Echoes of the Universe.” He also compiled memoirs of the czar Nicholas, and of the sultan Abdul-Medjid.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Circumcelliones

Edition of 1879. See also Circumcellions on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
CIRCUMCELLIONES, fanatics who, about the year 317, in the war of the Donatists in Africa, occasioned by the election of the Carthaginian bishop Cæcilianus, espoused the cause of the Numidians or Donatists, and went about as marauders to intimidate the Carthaginian party, and to commit excesses in which the Donatists rejoiced, but for which they were unwilling to be responsible. They had a strong desire for the honor of martyrdom, and sought it at the hands of the dominant party by violence upon the prevalent social institutions and the civil rights of the citizens. Thus they threw themselves between the debtor and creditor, and demanded the discharge of the claim by the creditor on pain of death. Whenever they met a master and a slave, they manumitted the slave, and compelled the master to take his place. Constantine treated these excesses with forbearance; but Constans, his successor, deprived the Donatists of their churches, and attempted to bring them to peace. This kindled the fanaticism of the Circumcelliones anew. Headed by Fasir and Axid, they committed new depredations, styling themselves Agonistici, and their leaders, “leaders of the sons of the Holy One.” Their frenzy increased so furiously that they committed suicide in great numbers, and the Donatist bishops were obliged to apply to the civil power to restrain them.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Christophe, Henri

Edition of 1879. See also Henri Christophe on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​CHRISTOPHE, Henri, king of Hayti, born Oct. 6, 1767, died by his own hand, Oct. 8, 1820. The accounts of his youth are conflicting; according to some he was born in the island of Grenada; others say in St. Christopher, St. Croix, or Santo Domingo. The uprising of the blacks in Santo Domingo found him a slave in that island, and he distinguished himself by activity and boldness. His bravery commended him to the notice of Toussaint l'Ouverture, who gave him a commission as brigadier general, and employed him to quell an insurrection in the northern province of the island. Successful in this, he was appointed governor of the province, and when the French under Leclerc subjugated that part of the island, he and Dessalines were declared outlaws. When Touissant was seized by the French, Christophe and Dessalines again headed an insurrection, and before the close of 1803 succeeded in driving the French from Hayti. During the brief administration of Dessalines Christophe was general-in-chief of the army, and at his death in 1806 was appointed president for life by an assembly convened at Cape Haytien. The people of the southern portion of the island, however, preferred Pétion, and soon after organized a republic of which he was appointed president. A civil war ensued between the two chiefs, which continued for 11 years. In 1811 Christophe, following the example of Napoleon, abolished the republican government, caused himself to be proclaimed king of Hayti under the title of Henri I., and organized a hereditary monarchy and nobility. He promulgated a code which, though based on the Code Napoléon, was not a servile copy, but was adapted to the wants of the people. Meantime the defection of some of his adherents roused the jealousy and cruelty which seemed inherent in his nature, and did much to alienate the affections of his people. In general, however, his measures were judicious, but the mild and pacific sway of Pétion, and his successor Boyer, was far more agreeable to the negroes than the stern rule of Christophe. The number and activity of the malcontents increased, till finally the army became infected, and even the king's body guard went over to Boyer. Irritated at this, and determined not to be made a prisoner, he shot himself. His eldest son, Ferdinand, had been sent as a hostage to France by Gen. Leclerc, and died there in a hospital. His second son, Jacques Victor Henri, was killed by the insurgents a few days after his father's death. A pension was conferred on the widow of Christophe, but the enmity of the people caused her to leave the island. She went to England, travelled in Germany and Italy, and finally took up her abode in Pisa with one of her daughters.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Christiansund

Edition of 1879. See also Kristiansund on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CHRISTIANSUND, a seaport town of Norway, in the province and 85 m. S. W. of Drontheim, on the North sea, at the mouth of the Thingve fiord; lat. 63° 10′ N.; pop. in 1866, 5,709. It is built upon three islands, Kirkland, Nordland, and Inland, which enclose a singularly pretty harbor, in form almost circular. The view of the town is completely shut off on the seaward side. The houses, uniformly red and of wood, are grouped together in picturesque disorder. The place is thriving, the trade being chiefly in cured fish (cod), which is exported hence to Spain and the Mediterranean, also to the West Indies. It was founded in 1734 by Christian VI. of Denmark.
# Thames Mersey Marine Insurance Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
237 U.S. 19
Thames Mersey Marine Insurance Company v. United States
Argued: January 13, 1915. --- Decided: April 5, 1915
Mr. Everett P. Wheeler for plaintiff in error.
Solicitor General Davis and Mr. Theodor Megaarden for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 20-21 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Hughes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Thames Towboat Company v. The Francis McDonald

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
254 U.S. 242
Thames Towboat Company v. The Francis McDonald
Argued: Nov. 18, 1920. --- Decided: Dec 6, 1920
Mr. Samuel Park, of New York City, for appellant.
Mr. Mark Ash, of New York City, for appellee.
Mr. Justice McREYNOLDS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Thaler v. Perlmutter, Order (Dkt. 23)

This order resolves the pending Motion for Summary Judgment (Dkt. 16) and Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment (Dkt. 17); see Thaler v. Perlmutter. See also the accompanying Memorandum Opinion.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
| STEVEN THALER, Plaintiff, v. SHIRA PERLMUTTER, Register of Copyrights and Director of the United States Copyright Office, et al. Defendants. | Civil Action No. 22-1564 (BAH) Judge Beryl A. Howell |
ORDER
Upon consideration of plaintiff Stephen Thaler’s Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 16, defendants Shira Perlmutter’s and the United States Copyright Office’s Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 17, the legal memoranda submitted in support and in opposition, and the entire record herein, for the reasons set forth in the accompanying Memorandum Opinion, it is hereby—
ORDERED that, plaintiff’s Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 16, is DENIED; it is further
ORDERED that defendants’ Cross-Motion for Summary Judgment, ECF No. 17, is GRANTED; and it is further
ORDERED that the Clerk of the Court is directed to close this case.
SO ORDERED.
This is a final and appealable Order.
Date: August 18, 2023
A personal signature appears here
BERYL A. HOWELL United States District Judge
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Thaler v. Perlmutter, Refusal of First Request for Reconsideration

See Thaler v. Perlmutter.
March 30,2020
Ryan Abbott Frank Whittle Building 02 AB 05 Guildford, GU27XH United Kingdom
| Correspondence ID: | 1-3ZPC6C3 |
| Original Corresp. ID: | 1-3NPRZ2Y |
       Re: A Recent Entrance to Paradise
Dear Mr. Abbott:
This correspondence responds to your September 8, 2019 letter requesting reconsideration of the U.S. Copyright Office’s (the “Office”) refusal to register a copyright claim in the above-titled work. You made this request on behalf of the copyright claimant, Stephen Thaler.
We reviewed A Recent Entrance to Paradise (the “Work”) in light of the points raised in your letter. We affirm our decision to refuse registration for the Work because it lacks the human authorship necessary to be eligible for copyright protection.
       Discussion
The U.S. Copyright Office will register an original work of authorship only if the work was created by a human being. This includes any human being that prepares a work on behalf of an organizational author as a work made for hire.
As noted in our original refusal letter, the copyright law only protects “the fruits of intellectual labor” that “are founded in the creative powers of the mind.” Trade-Mark Cases, 100 U.S. 82, 94 (1879). Because copyright law is limited to “original intellectual conceptions of the author,” the Office will refuse to register a claim if it determines that a human being did not create the work. Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony, 111 U.S. 53, 58 (1884). See also 17 U.S.C. §102(a) & U.S. Copyright Office, Compendium of U.S. Copyright Office Practices § 306 (3d ed. 2017).
The Office will not register works produced by a machine or mere mechanical process that operates randomly or automatically without sufficient creative input or intervention from a human author. Compendium (Third) § 313.2. As you state in your letter, the Work here was “autonomously generated by an AI.” Letter at 1. You have provided no evidence on sufficient creative input or intervention by a human author in the Work. We conclude, therefore, that the Work lacks the human authorship necessary to sustain a claim in copyright. The various legal and policy arguments put forth in your request for reconsideration are insufficient to convince the Office to abandon its longstanding interpretation of the ​Copyright Act, Supreme Court, and lower court judicial precedent that a work meets the legal and formal requirements of copyright protection only if it is created by a human author.
       Conclusion
Because it was not created by a human author, we again refuse copyright registration for A Recent Entrance to Paradise.
Sincerely,
Frank Muller Attorney-Advisor for Registration Policy & Practice Office of Registration Policy & Practice | U.S. Copyright Office 101 Independence Ave, SE, Washington, DC 20559-6222
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Thames Region Land Drainage Byelaws

Thames Water Authority Land Drainage Byelaws 1981
The Thames Water Authority Land Drainage Byelaws 1981 are the Land Drainage Byelaws in force in the Thames Region of the Environment Agency.
They were made by the Thames Water Authority under Section 34 of the Land Drainage Act 1976, confirmed by the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food on 15 August 1983, and came into operation on 15 September 1983 as amended by: The Thames Region Flood Defence Byelaws made by the National Rivers Authority under Section 34 of the Land Drainage Act 1976 as confirmed by the Minister of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food on 21 December 1993, coming into operation 21 January 1994. They are now enforced by the Environment Agency by virtue of the Water Resources Act 1991 and the Environment Act 1995 and all references in these Byelaws to the ‘Thames Water Authority’ or ‘National Rivers Authority’ should now be construed as references to the Environment Agency whose principal Regional Office is at Kings Meadow House, Kings Meadow Road, Reading RG1 8DQ. Square brackets indicate amendments made under the NRA Thames Region Flood Defence Byelaws 1991.
Thames Water Authority LAND DRAINAGE BYELAWS 1981 [as amended by the Thames Region FLOOD DEFENCE BYELAWS 1991] The Thames Water Authority, under and by virtue of the powers and authority vested in them by Section 34 of the Land Drainage Act 1976 and of every other power enabling them in that behalf, hereby make the following Byelaws for securing the efficient working of the drainage system in their area:
1. Citation and commencement These Byelaws may be cited as the Thames Water Authority Land Drainage Byelaws 1981 and shall come into operation at the expiration of one month beginning with the day on which they are confirmed by the Minister.
2. Application These Byelaws shall have effect within the [area of the Thames Regional Flood Defence Committee of the National Rivers Authority] for the purposes of their functions relating to land drainage.
3. Definition and interpretation In these Byelaws, unless the context otherwise requires, the following words and expressions shall have the meanings hereby respectively assigned to them, that is to say: Act means the Land Drainage Act 1976; Area means the area of the Authority for the purposes of their functions relating to land drainage; Authority means the Thames Water Authority;

## Footnotes

* ↑ The Land Drainage Act 1976 was repealed and replaced, for the purposes of these Byelaws, by the Water Resources Act 1991; sections 1-14 and 16-19 of the Water Resources Act 1991 were themselves repealed and replaced by sections 1, 2, 6-9 and 11-19 of the Environment Act 1995; furthermore, section 4 of the Environment Act 1995 places a duty upon the Agency to have regard to guidance issued to it under that section in discharging any of its functions : all references to the Act in these Byelaws should be construed accordingly.
* ↑ This should now be construed as a reference to the Environment Agency.
# Than Heaven more remote

Than Heaven more remote, For Heaven is the root, But these the flitted seed. More flown indeed Than ones that never were, Or those that hide, and are.
What madness, by their side, A vision to provide Of future days They cannot praise.
My soul, to find them, come, They cannot call, they're dumb, Nor prove, nor woo, But that they have abode Is absolute as God, And instant, too.
# The Atlantic Monthly/Volume 12/Number 74

Twelfth volume, seventy-fourth number of The Atlantic Monthly. Published December 1863.

### Articles and stories

* The Man without a Country, by Edward Everett Hale
# The Atlantic Monthly/Volume 12/Number 72

Twelfth volume, seventy-second number of The Atlantic Monthly. Published October, 1863.

### Articles and stories

* Night and Moonlight by Henry David Thoreau
# Sunset Gun/Two-Volume Novel

Layout 2
Two-volume Novel
THE sun’s gone dim, andack; The moon’s turned black; For I loved him, and He didn’t love back.
# Sunset Gun/The Trusting Heart

Layout 2
The Trusting Heart
OH, I’d been better dying, Oh, I was slow and sad; A fool I was, a-crying About a cruel lad!
But there was one that found me, That wept to see me weep, And had his arm around me, And gave me words to keep.
And I’d be better dying, And I am slow and sad; A fool I am, a-crying About a tender lad!
# Sunset Gun/The Whistling Girl

Layout 2
The Whistling Girl
BACK of my back, they talk of me, Gabble and honk and hiss; Let them batten, and let them be— Me, I can sing them this:
“Better to shiver beneath the stars, Head on a faithless breast, Than peer at the night through rusted bars, And share an irksome rest.
“Better to see the dawn come up, Along of a trifling one, Than set a steady man’s cloth and cup And pray the day be done.
“Better be left by twenty dears Than lie in a loveless bed; Better a loaf that’s wet with tears Than cold, unsalted bread.”
Back of my back, they wag their chins, Whinny and bleat and sigh; But better a heart a-bloom with sins Than hearts gone yellow and dry!
# Sunset Gun/There Was One

Layout 2
There Was One
THERE was one a-riding grand On a tall brown mare, And a fine gold band He brought me there.
A little, gold band He held to me That would shine on a hand For the world to see.
There was one a-walking swift To a little, new song, And a rose was the gift He carried along.
First of all the posies, Dewy and red. They that have roses Never need bread.
There was one with a swagger And a soft, slow tongue, And a bright, cold dagger Where his left hand swung—
Carven and gilt, Old and bad— And his stroking of the hilt Set a girl mad.
There was one a-riding grand As he rode from me. And he raised his golden band And he threw it in the sea.
There was one a-walking slow To a sad, long sigh. And his rose drooped low, And he flung it down to die.
There was one with a swagger And a little, sharp pride, And a bright, cold dagger Ever at his side.
At his side it stayed When he ran to part. What is this blade Struck through my heart?
# Sunset Gun/Thought for a Sunshiny Morning

Layout 2
Thought for a Sunshiny Morning
IT costs me never a stab nor squirm To tread by chance upon a worm. “Aha, my little dear,” I say, “Your clan will pay me back one day.”
# Sunset at the Mouth of the Columbia

There sinks the sun; like cavalier of old
* "Sunset at the Mouth of the Columbia" introducing The River of the West]] (1871)
* "Sunset at the Mouth of the Columbia" in The New Penelope (1877)
* "Sunset at the Mouth of the Columbia" in Poems (1900)
# Sunset Gun/Theory

Layout 2
Theory
INTO love and out again, Thus I went, and thus I go. Spare your voice, and hold your pen— Well and bitterly I know All the songs were ever sung, All the words were ever said; Could it be, when I was young, Some one dropped me on my head?
# Sunset Gun/Victoria

Layout 2
Victoria
DEAR dead Victoria Rotted cosily; In excelsis gloria, And R. I. P.
And her shroud was buttoned neat, And her bones were clean and round, And her soul was at her feet Like a bishop’s marble hound.
Albert lay a-drying, Lavishly arrayed, With his soul out flying Where his heart had stayed.
And there’s some could tell you what land His spirit walks serene (But I’ve heard them say in Scotland It’s never been seen).