OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bowden, John William

​BOWDEN, JOHN WILLIAM (1798–1844), ecclesiastical writer, was born in London on 21 Feb. 1798. He was the eldest son of John Bowden, of Fulham and Grosvenor Place. In 1812 he went to Harrow, and in 1817 was entered as a commoner at Trinity College, Oxford, simultaneously with the dearest of his friends, John Henry Newman. In 1830 Bowden obtained mathematical honours, and on 24 Nov. took his degree of B.A. In collaboration with Newman, in the following year, he wrote a fiery poem in two cantos on 'St. Bartholomew's Eve' On 4 June 1823 Bowden took his degree of M.A. Three years later, in the autumn of 1826, he was appointed a commissioner of stamps. That office he held for fourteen years, resigning it only on account of ill-health in 1840. Nearly two years after its acceptance he was married, on 6 June 1828, to Elizabeth, youngest daughter of Sir John Edward Swinburne. From 1833 he zealously took part in the Tractarian movement. To Hugh Rose's 'British Magazine' he contributed six of the 178 hymns afterwards, in 1836, collected into a volume as the 'Lyra Apostolica.' His contributions are signed . Cardinal Newman said Bowden 'was one of the earliest assistants and supports of a friend' (meaning himself) 'who at that time commenced the "Tracts for the Times."' For the 'British Critic' Bowden supplied four important contributions. These were: July 1836, 'Rise of the Papal Power;' April 1837, 'On Gothic Architecture;' January 1839, 'On British Association;' July 1841, 'On the Church in the Mediterranean.' The last two were published under Newman's editorship. In the spring of 1839 Bowden was first attacked by the malady which five years afterwards proved fatal. In the autumn of 1839 he went abroad with his family. The winter of that year he passed in Malta. In the spring of 1840 he published his 'Life of Gregory the Seventh.' This work had been first suggested to him, at the instance of Hurrell Froude, by Newman. For some years it had been gradually growing under his hands. Cardinal Newman commends the 'power and liveliness of Bowden's narrative.' He proposed to write, but never produced, a 'Life of St. Boniface,' which in 1843 was announced as in preparation. Bowden's only publication in 1843 was 'A few Remarks on Pews.' How completely at one Newman and Bowden were throughout the whole of the Oxford movement is clearly shown in almost every page of Newman's 'Apologia.' During the summer of 1843 Bowden's complaint returned with increased severity, and he died at his father's house in Grosvenor Place, on 15 Sept. 1844. Cardinal Newman attests emphatically that he passed away 'In undoubting communion with the church of Andrewes and Laud,' adding, with reference to his interment at Fulham, 'he still lives here, the light and comfort of many hearts, who ask no happier, holier end than his.' A posthumous work from Bowden's hand was published in 1845, 'Thoughts on the Work of the Six Days of Creation.' The key to his argument was the motto on the title-page, 'Novum Testamentum in Veteri velabatur, Vetus Testamentum in Novo revelatur.'
C. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bowden, Samuel

​BOWDEN, SAMUEL (fl. 1733–1761), a physician at Frome, Somersetshire, was author of two volumes of poems published 1733-5. Neither the date of his birth nor that of his death has been ascertained, though it appears from the 'Gentleman's Magazine,' to which he was an occasional contributor, that he was living in 1761, while a passing mention of him in 1778 is in the past tense. The writer adds that he was a friend of Mrs. Rowe [see Rowe, Elizabeth, poetess], and belonged to the same communion. Bowden was therefore a nonconformist, and not improbably a relative of the Rev. John Bowden [see Bowden, John] who preached Mrs. Rowe's funeral sermon.
J. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bouyer, Reynold Gideon

​BOUYER, REYNOLD GIDEON (d. 1826), archdeacon of Northumberland, was educated at Jesus College, Cambridge (LL.B. 1769); collated to the prebend of Preston in the church of Sarum, 1785; obtained the rectory of Howick and the vicarage of North Allerton, with the chapelries of Brompton and Dighton, all in the diocese of Durham; was collated to the archdeaconry of Northumberland, 9 May 1812; and died, 20 Jan. 1826. He published two occasional discourses, but is remembered for the parochial libraries which he established at his own expense in every parish in Northumberland. They contained upwards of 30,000 volumes, which cost him about 1,400l., although he was supplied with them by the Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge at 40 per cent. under prime cost. These useful libraries were placed under the care of the parochial ministers, and the books were lent gratuitously to the parishioners.
[Funeral Sermon by W. N. Darnell, B.D., Durham, 1826; Richardson's Local Historian's Table Book (Hist. Div.), iii. 323; Graduati Cantab. (1856), 43; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), ii. 678, iii. 308.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bovillus

​BOVILLUS. [See Bullock, Henry.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Haddan, Thomas Henry

​HADDAN, THOMAS HENRY (1814–1873), originator of the ‘Guardian’ newspaper, eldest son of Thomas Haddan, solicitor, of Lime Street Square, London, by Mary Ann, daughter of John Haddan, and brother of Arthur West Haddan [q. v.], was born in London in 1814, and educated at a private school at Finchley. He matriculated at Brasenose College, Oxford, 2 July 1833, gained a scholarship there, took a double first in 1837, and graduated B.A. on 5 May in that year. He was Petrean fellow of Exeter College from 30 June 1837 until 11 Jan. 1843. His essay entitled ‘The Test of National Prosperity considered’ obtained the chancellor's prize in 1838. He gained an Eldon law scholarship in 1840, and a Vinerian fellowship in 1847. He proceeded M.A. 1840, B.C.L. 1844, and was called to the bar of the Inner Temple 11 June 1841, and practised as an equity draftsman and conveyancer. He was a sound lawyer, and had a steady practice at the bar. At a meeting in his chambers, 6 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, in 1846, the ‘Guardian’ newspaper was projected. He was a sanguine supporter of the scheme, and for a short time edited the paper, which soon attained a great success. In 1862, at the desire of the council of the Incorporated Law Society, he delivered a course of lectures on the jurisdiction of the court of chancery. His writings were: 1. ‘Remarks on Legal Education with reference to Legal Studies in the University of Oxford,’ 1848. 2. ‘The Limited Liability Act with Precedents and Notes,’ 1855. 3. ‘Outlines of Administrative Jurisdiction of the Court of Chancery,’ 1862. He also wrote an interesting memoir of his brother Arthur, which was printed in A. P. Forbes's ‘Remains of Rev. A. W. Haddan,’ 1876, Introduction, pp. xix–xxix. Having gone to Vichy for the benefit of his health he died there rather suddenly on 5 Sept. 1873, and was buried on 6 Sept.; but his body was afterwards removed to Highgate cemetery. He married, 3 Oct. 1861, Caroline Elizabeth, youngest daughter of James Bradley, a captain in the royal navy, by whom he left five children.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Haddenston, James

​HADDENSTON, JAMES (d. 1443), prior of St. Andrews. [See Haldenstoun.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hacomblen, Robert

​HACOMBLEN, ROBERT, D.D. (d. 1528), provost of King's College, Cambridge, was educated at Eton, where he was admitted a scholar of King's in 1472. He served the office of proctor in 1483, and succeeded Richard Lincoln as vicar of Prescot in Lancashire on 7 Aug. 1492. He became D.D. in 1507, and in 1509, on the death of Dr. Richard Hatton, was elected to the provostship of his college, which he held for nineteen years, dying on 8 Sept. 1528. As provost he was party to the contract entered into in 1526 for filling the windows of King's College chapel with stained glass. He gave the magnificent brass lectern still in use in the chapel, which bears his name, and fitted up the chantry, the second from the west on the south side, in which, in accordance with his will, dated 21 Oct. 1528, he was buried. His memorial brass represents him in doctor's robes, with the legend issuing from his mouth, 'Vulnera Christe tua mihi dulcis sint medicina,' and penitential prayers on the label running round the slab. In the window is ​his shield in painted glass, 'vert, a saltire between four lilies slipped argent.' Hacomblen was a man of learning of the standard of his day, and of some accomplishments, being the probable author of a musical setting of 'Salve Regina' for Eton Chapel, c. 1500. He was the author of commentaries on the first seven books and part of the eighth of the 'Ethics' of Aristotle, which 'continues to slumber in manuscript in the library of his college,' the text being the traditional Latin text of the schoolmen (Mullinger, Hist. of Univ. of Cambr. i. 426). Some laudatory verses by Hartwell, who entered the college in 1559, are written at the foot of the manuscript.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. i. 34; Mullinger 1.e.; Cole MSS. i. 80, 85, 119. xiii. 82; J.W. Clark's Arch. Hist. of Cambr. i. 486, 500, 524, 591.]
E. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hadden, James Murray

​ ​HADDEN, JAMES MURRAY (d. 1817), surveyor-general of the ordnance, a son of Captain John Hadden of the marines, entered the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, as a cadet, 2 April 1771, and was appointed a second lieutenant in the 2nd battalion royal artillery in 1776. His subsequent commissions were: first lieutenant, 7 July 1779; captain-lieutenant, 21 Nov. 1783; captain, 17 Jan. 1793: brevet-major, 1 March 1794; brevet-lieutenant-colonel, 1 Jan. 1798; regimental major, 1 Aug. 1800; regimental lieutenant-colonel, 27 May 1801; colonel, 1 June 1806; major-general, 4 June 1811. Hadden embarked for Quebec 4 May 1776, arrived there 12 July, and in the following October commanded a gunboat in the operations on Lake Champlain. He commanded a detachment of two guns with Burgoyne's army the year after, and distinguished himself and was wounded in the battle of Freeman's Farm, 19 Sept. 1777 (Duncan, i. 315). He was among the prisoners at Saratoga, but must have been exchanged before 1781, as his name is given in Game's 'Universal Register,' 1782, p. 113, as one of the artillery officers of Clinton's force. He was appointed adjutant of the 1st battalion at Woolwich in 1783, and in 1793 was one of the officers specially selected for command of the new troops of royal horse artillery. His troop, the old D troop, was raised in 1793, and disbanded in 1816. In 1797 he was appointed adjutant-general of the British troops in Portugal. He was secretary to the Duke of Richmond when master-general of the ordnance in 1794-5, and was surveyor-general of the ordnance from 1804 to 1810. Hadden, who was married and left a family, died at Harpenden, Hertfordshire, 29 Oct. 1817. According to an obituary notice, 'he lived honest and died poor' (Morning Chron. 5 Nov. 1817). A brother of Hadden, Colonel John Hadden, many years in the 11th foot, who was paymaster-general of British troops in Portugal in 1797, and afterwards in the Mediterranean, predeceased him on 24 Sept. 1817 (Gent. Mag. 1817, pt. ii.473). According to a family tradition, John Hadden, when a child eight years old, scaled the defences of Belle Isle in front of the troops at the famous siege (Portlock, p. 11).
A manuscript journal kept by James Murray Hadden in America from 4 March 1776 to the date of the battle of Freeman's Farm, and eight manuscript order-books of the royal artillery for 1776-8, all of which after Hadden's death were at one time in possession of William Cobbett, were purchased some years ago by Henry Stevens on behalf of an American publishing house. They were printed at Albany, N.Y., in 1884, with copious annotations by Brevet-brigadier-general Horatio Rogers, United States volunteers, as volume xii. of 'Munsell's Historical Series.'
[Kane's List of Officers Roy. Artillery, Woolwich, revised ed. 1869; Duncan's Hist. Roy. Art. i. 179, 315, 399, ii. 35, 83; Portlock's Memoir of the Life of Major-General Colby, R.E., London, 1869, pp. 9-12; Hadden's Journal and Order Books.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Haddington, Earls of

Subsequent Earls include: Hamilton, Thomas (1600-1640),Hamilton, Thomas (1680-1735),Hamilton, Thomas (1780-1858)
​HADDINGTON, Earls of. [See Hamilton.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hackston, David

1904 Errata appended.
​HACKSTON or HALKERSTONE DAVID (d. 1680), covenanter, was sprung from the Hackstons or Halkerstones of Rathillet, in the parish of Kilmany, Fifeshire. 'It is not known whether he was born at the family seat. The records of the kirk-session do no go back so far' (New Statistical Account of Scotland, ix. 539). In his youth he is said to have been a profligate, but a 'field preaching' led him to cast in his lot with the covenanters, and he became one of their most trusted leaders. He was asked to lead the party which had resolved to assassinate Archbishop Sharp, but declined 'upon account of a difference subsisting betwixt Sharp and him in a civil process, wherein he judged himself to have been wronged by the primate, which deed he thought would give the world ground to think it was rather out of personal pique and revenge, which he professed he was free of' (Scots Worthies). He agreed, however, to stand by the rest and take the consequences. Accordingly he sat at some distance on his horse, with his cloak about his face, while, led by Balfour of Burley [see under Balfour, John], the others despatched Sharp (3 May 1679). He now fled into the west country, and took part in drawing up and publishing 'The Declaration and Testimony of the true Presbyterian Party in Scotland,' which was affixed to the market cross of Rutherglen on 29 May 1679, the anniversary of the Restoration. He was one of the leaders of the covenanters at the battle of Drumclog on 1 June 1679, and again at the battle of Bothwell Bridge. A reward of ten thousand merks was now offered for his apprehension, and he was obliged to keep in hiding. At length on 22 July 1680 he and a number of others were surprised by a body of dragoons at Aird's Moss in Ayrshire. A skirmish ensued in which the covenanters were worsted, and Hackston, after fighting bravely, was taken prisoner. He was carried to Edinburgh, was condemned, and on 30 July 1680 was executed there with sickening cruelty and barbarity.
T. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.143 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 423 | ii | 34 | Hackston, David: for Scottish read Cobbett's |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hackman, Alfred

​HACKMAN, ALFRED (1811–1874), sub-librarian at the Bodleian Library, was born at Fulham, near London, 8 April 1811. His father, Thomas Hackman, was the parochial vestry clerk, and his office brought him into connection with the Bishop of London (William Howley). Through Howley's influence Hackman matriculated as a servitor of Christ Church, Oxford, 25 Oct. 1832. He had been educated in France, and had then spent some years as usher in a boarding-school kept by his father. He graduated B.A. in 1837, and M.A. in 1840. Through the influence of Dean Gaisford he obtained a temporary post in the Bodleian Library in 1837, and was connected with the library for more than thirty-five years afterwards. In 1837 he also became chaplain of Christ Church, and curate to the Rev. Henry Gary at St. Paul's, Oxford. He was appointed by his college vicar of Cowley, near Oxford, in 1839, and was from 1841 to 1873 precentor at Christ Church. From 1844 to 1871 he was vicar of St. Paul's, Oxford. Here he exercised a considerable influence as a preacher, not only on his own parishioners, but also on the undergraduates of the university, who were attracted by his earnestness and quaint vivacity. Curates carefully attended to his parish, while his own time was largely occupied by his duties in the Bodleian Library, where in 1862 he was appointed sub-librarian. Failing health induced him to retire from the library and to resign his chaplaincy at Christ Church in 1873. He died, unmarried, in his brother's house at Long Ditton, Surrey, on 18 Sept, 1874. He published 'A Catalogue of the Collection of the Tanner MSS. in the Bodleian,' 4to, Oxford, 1860, which is very carefully executed.
[Oxford Univ. Herald, 26 Sept. 1874; Macray's Annals of Bodleian Libr. 2nd ed., p. 387; private knowledge and information.]
W. A. G.
# Westward Ho

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### Literary works

* Westward Ho!, a play by Thomas Dekker and John Webster
* Westward Ho!, a story by Robert Ervin Howard
* Westward Ho!, a novel by Charles Kingsley
* Westward Ho!, a poem by Cincinnatus Heine Miller, writing as Joachin Miller
* Westward Ho!, a short story by Francis Morton
* Westward Ho!, a novel by James Kirke Paulding
* Westward, Ho!, a poem by Henry David Thoreau

### Encyclopedia articles

* "Westward Ho," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
* "Westward Ho!," in The New International Encyclopædia, New York: Dodd, Mead and Co. (1905)
* "Westward Ho," in Collier's New Encyclopedia, New York: P. F. Collier & Son Co. (1921)
# Westward Ho! (Kingsley)

WESTWARD HO!
OR
THE VOYAGES AND ADVENTURES OF
SIR AMYAS LEIGH, KNIGHT,
OF BURROUGH, IN THE COUNTY OF DEVON,
IN THE REIGN OF HER MOST GLORIOUS MAJESTY
QUEEN ELIZABETH.
RENDERED INTO MODERN ENGLISH
BY
CHARLES KINGSLEY
New York: 46 East Fourteenth Street
THOMAS Y. CROWELL & CO.
Boston: 100 Purchase Street
TO
THE RAJAH SIR JAMES BROOKE, K.C.B
AND
GEORGE AUGUSTUS SELWYN, D.D. BISHOP OF NEW ZEALAND.
This Book is Dedicated
BY ONE WHO (UNKNOWN TO THEM) HAS NO OTHER METHOD OF EXPRESSING HIS ADMIRATION AND REVERENCE FOR THEIR CHARACTERS.
THAT TYPE OF ENGLISH VIRTUE, AT ONCE MANFUL AND GODLY, PRACTICAL AND ENTHUSIASTIC, PRUDENT AND SELF-SACRIFICING, WHICH HE HAS TRIED TO DEPICT IN THESE PAGES, THEY HAVE EXHIBITED IN A FORM EVEN PURER AND MORE HEROIC THAN THAT IN WHICH HE HAS DREST IT, AND THAN THAT IN WHICH IT WAS EXHIBITED BY THE WORTHIES WHOM ELIZABETH, WITHOUT DISTINCTION OF RANK OR AGE, GATHERED ROUND HER IN THE EVER GLORIOUS WARS OF HER GREAT REIGN.
C. K.
February, 1855.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Glover, Stephen (1812-1870)

​GLOVER, STEPHEN (1812–1870), composer and teacher, brother to Charles William Glover [q. v.], was born in London in 1812, and became a popular composer of songs, ballads, and duets. The 'Monks of Old,' 1842, 'What are the Wild Waves saying,' 1850,' Excelsior,' and 'Songs from the Holy ​Scriptures,' illustrate the range and taste of the fourteen or fifteen hundred compositions Glover presented to the public from 1847 till his death, on 7 Dec. 1870, at the age of 58.
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Glover, Stephen (d.1869)

​GLOVER, STEPHEN (d. 1869), author and antiquary, compiled the 'Peak Guide,' Derby, 1830, and assisted Bateman in his 'Antiquities of Derbyshire,' 1848. Glover's best known work is the 'History and Gazetteer of the County of Derby, illustrated. The materials collected by the publisher, Stephen Glover; edited by Thos. Noble, Esq., Derby, 4to.' Vol. i. pt. i. was published in 1831; vol. ii. pt. i. in 1833. These volumes had been delayed some time owing to the disputes between the compiler and the engravers, and the work was never completed. It contained a mass of valuable but ill-arranged information, and is frequently quoted as an authority. Glover died on 26 Dec. 1869, and was buried at Moreton, Cheshire.
[Glover's works mentioned above; information kindly given by Mr. W. P. Edwards of the Derby Mercury.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Glover, Moses

​GLOVER, MOSES (fl. 1620–1640), painter and architect, is principally known from the large survey by him, drawn on vellum in 1635, of Syon House and the hundred of Isleworth, which is preserved at Syon House. A plan for rebuilding Petworth House, dated 1615, and preserved there, has also been attributed to him, and it has been conjectured that he had a share in building the Charing Cross front of Northumberland House, which was completed in 1605. On 30 Sept. 1622 a license was issued from the Bishop of London's office for Moses Glover of Isleworth, Middlesex, painter-stainer, and Juliana Gulliver of the same, widow of Richard Gulliver, painter, to marry at St. Botolph's, Aldersgate, London. He was probably employed principally at Syon House.
[Dict. of Architecture; Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting (notes by Dallaway); Aungier's History of Syon Monastery, &c.; Marriage Licences, Bishop of London (Harl. Soc. Publications).]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Glover, William Howard

​GLOVER, WILLIAM HOWARD (1819-1875), musical composer and writer, was the second son of Mrs. Julia Glover, the actress [q. v.], and said to be descended from the Bettertons. He was born at Kilburn, London, on 6 June 1819; entered the Lyceum Opera orchestra, conducted by his master, wagstaff, as violinist when fifteen; continued his studies on the continent, and was soon afterwards employed as accompanist and solo violinist in London and the provinces. He founded, in conjunction with his mother, the Musical and Dramatic Academy in Soho Square, and was encouraged by its success to open a season of opera at Manchester, his pupils forming the nucleus of the company. Glover was joined in this or similar enterprises by his elder brother Edmund [q. v.] and Miss Romer. Returning to London he gave annual monster concerts at St. James's Hall and Drury Lane Theatre. His pupils Miss Emily Soldene, Miss Palmer, and many first-rate artists appeared, the length of the entertainments inspiring more than one foreign critic with philosophic reflections upon the English amateur's capacity of endurance. To Glover belongs the credit of initiating the performance of Beethoven's 'Pastoral Symphony' with pictorial and choregraphic illustrations in 1863; and 'Israel in Egypt' with scenery, dresses, and poses, in 1865. His cantata, 'Tam o' Shanter,' for tenor solo, chorus, and orchestra, was produced at the New Philharmonic, Berlioz conducting, on 4 July 1855, and pleased so greatly by its pleasant melodies, local colouring, and lively effects, that it was given at the following Birmingham festival, 30 Aug. 'Ruy Blas,' opera,written and composed by Glover, was produced on 24 Oct. 1861 at Covent Garden, and was successful enough for frequent repetition and a revival two years later: the comic opera, 'Once too Often,' was first performed at Drury Lane on 20 Jan. 1862, 'The Coquette' in the provinces, 'Aminta' at the Haymarket, and 'Palomita' in New York. The overtures 'Manfred' and 'Comala,' the songs, 'Old Woman of Berkeley,' 'Love's Philosophy,' 'The Wind's a Bird,' are only a few of his compositions, many of which were published in America. From about 1849 to 1865 Glover undertook the musical criticisms for the 'Morning Post;' in 1868 he settled in New York as professor and conductor of Niblo's orchestra, and he died there on 28 0ct. 1875.
L. M. M.