OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rose, George Henry

​ROSE, Sir GEORGE HENRY (1771–1855), diplomatist, elder son of George Rose (1744–1818) [q. v.] and Theodora, daughter of John Dues of Antigua, West Indies, was born in 1771. His younger brother was William Stewart Rose [q. v.] George was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, graduating B.A. in 1792 and M.A. in 1795. While abroad on a tour of pleasure he was offered the opportunity of acting as first secretary to the British embassy at The Hague in June 1792, and remained in that position for a year. In June 1793 he went in a similar capacity to Berlin, and acted as charge d'affaires, independently of Lord Malmesbury's special mission of that period [see Harris, James, ​first Earl of Malmesbury]. On 26 Aug. 1794 he was returned to parliament as member for Southampton, being re-elected to successive parliaments until 1813. He joined the yeomanry, and became a lieutenant-colonel of the South Hants cavalry on 18 Feb. 1803. In 1805 he was appointed deputy paymaster-general of the king's land forces.
In 1807 Rose renewed his diplomatic career, and went to Washington on a special mission respecting the affair of the Chesapeake—the impressment case which was one of the chief grievances alleged as a cause of the war of 1812. In December 1813 he resigned his seat in parliament, and went to Munich as British minister. On 12 Sept. 1815 he was promoted to Berlin, but his career there was uneventful. In 1818 he was sworn of the privy council and retired from the diplomatic service to succeed his father as clerk of parliaments. In 1819 he received the grand cross of the Hanoverian Guelphic order. He re-entered parliament on 6 March 1818 as member for Christchurch, which he represented continuously till 1844, when he resigned his seat with his clerkship. He was also a metropolitan lunacy commissioner and a deputy-lieutenant for Hampshire. He died at Sandhills House, near Christchurch, on 17 June 1855. In his later years Rose actively interested himself in evangelical and missionary work.
Rose married, on 6 Jan. 1796, Frances, daughter of Thomas Duncombe of Duncombe Park, Yorkshire, and left six sons—one of whom was Hugh Henry, baron Strathnairn [q. v.]—and four daughters.
Rose edited a selection of the letters and diaries of the Earls of Marchmont from 1685 to 1750 (3 vols. London, 1831). Of his religious pamphlets the chief are: ‘A Letter on the Means and Importance of converting Slaves in the West Indies to Christianity’ (1823); ‘Scripture Researches’ (1832), which passed through several editions; and ‘The Early Spread of Circumcision’ (1846).
C. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oswald (d.1437)

Oswald Corda in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​OSWALD (d. 1437), Carthusian, whose full name seems to have been Oswald de Corda, was, according to Bale, an Englishman who became a Carthusian at Paris, and afterwards propagated his order in England, Ireland, and Scotland. Bower, who calls him 'prior Alemannæ' (or 'Alemannus'), says that he was a man of great learning and sanctity. In 1429 James I of Scotland made him first prior of the Charterhouse at Perth. Oswald died on 15 Sept. 1437. A variety of works are attributed to him; among them are letters to Jean Gerson, who was his friend, and some of whose writings he is said to have translated into Latin. The Portiforium mentioned by Tanner as extant in MS. C.C.C. Cambridge, 391, is really an eleventh-century manuscript which was presented by St. Oswald (d. 972) [q. v.] to Worcester (Nasmith, Catalogue).
[Bower's Continuation of Fordun's Scotichronicon, iv. 1291; Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, iv. 640, and Preface, p. cxiv; Bale's Cent. viii. 16; Dempster's Hist. Eccl. xiv. 976; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 566.]
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ostler, William

Died 1614 according to the ODNB.
​OSTLER, WILLIAM (fl. 1601–1623), actor, was in 1601 one of the children of Queen Elizabeth's chapel, playing at the theatre in Blackfriars. His name is found in the list of children who performed in Ben Jonson's 'Poetaster' in 1601. As he does not appear in the previous play of Jonson's 'Cynthia's Revels,' 1600, it may perhaps be assumed that this was Ostler's first appearance. Ostler played women's parts, whence Gifford assumes that the character he took was Julia. The age at which these children were first engaged appears to have been about thirteen. Collier assumes that Ostler was drafted into the King's players before 1604, the name Hostler being given in a list of the king's company at that date. In December 1610 the Burbages, who had bought the remaining lease of the Blackfriars, engaged Ostler, who in the same year appeared in Jonson's 'Alchemist,' The following year he took part in the same author's 'Catiline.' In the register of St. Mary, Aldermanbury, appears the entry: 'Baptised 18 May 1612 Beaumont, the sonne of William Ostler.' Ever fertile in conjecture, Collier states that Ostler was married before 1612; opines that Beaumont the dramatist might have been godfather to his child; and asserts that Ostler took part in Beaumont and Fletcher's 'Captain,' 'Bonduca,' 'Valentinian,' and 'no doubt in other plays, though his name be not found at the bottom of the dramatis personæ in the folios' (Eng, Dram, Poetry, in. 423). In the first representation of Webster's 'Duchess of Malfy,' about 1616, Ostler played Antonio, soon after which he is believed to have retired or died, the name of R. Benfield appearing as the exponent of the part on its reproduction. He was a popular and an applauded actor, as is proved by a mysterious epigram upon him, included in the 'Scourge of Folly' by John Davies of Hereford, circa 1611. This is addressed 'to the Roscius of those times, Mr. W. Ostler:'
Ostler, thou took'st a knock thou would'st have giv'n, Neere sent thee to thy latest home: but, oh! Where was thine action, when thy crown was riv'n, Sole King of Actors? then wast idle? No: Thou hadst it, for thou wouldst be doing. Thus Good actors' deeds are oft most dangerous; But if thou plaist thy dying part as well As thy stage parts, thou hast no part in hell.
[Collier's English Dramatic Annals; Fleay's Chronicle of the Stage; Malone's Historical Account; Webster's Works, ed. Hazlitt; Jonson's Works, ed. Gifford.]
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Oswald, James

​OSWALD, JAMES (1715–1769), politician, eldest son of James Oswald, M.P. for Kirkcaldy 1702–7, and for Kirkcaldy Burghs 1713–15, was born at Dunnikier, Dysart, Fifeshire, in 1715. He was educated at the grammar school, Kirkcaldy (where he had for one of his schoolfellows Adam Smith); was admitted a student at Lincoln's Inn on 13 Dec. 1733, and, after making a prolonged tour on the continent, was called to the Scottish bar in 1740. He did not practise, and on 2 June 1741 was returned to parliament for Kirkcaldy Burghs, which he continued to represent until 1768, with the exception of 1747–54, during which he sat for Fifeshire. A strong whig, he voted against the hiring of the Hanoverian troops (10 Dec. 1742), and on the formation of the ‘broad bottom’ administration received the office of Scottish commissioner of the navy (December 1744). His speeches, though mostly confined to business matters, were always remarkably able. Horace Walpole praises the ‘quickness and strength of argument’ which made him a match for Henry Fox. He evinced his independence by supporting, on 28 Oct. 1745, Hume Campbell's motion for an inquiry into the causes and progress of the Jacobite insurrection, the entire responsibility for which he laid at the door of ministers, and by coquetting with the Leicester House party. From December 1751 to December 1759 he sat on the board of trade, and from 22 Dec. 1759 to 15 April 1763 on the treasury board. On 4 May in the latter year he was appointed joint vice-treasurer in Ireland, having previously (20 April) been sworn of the privy council. He retired from public life in ill-health in 1766, and died at Hammersmith on 24 March 1769.
Oswald was an able and industrious public servant, and a man of literary and philosophical tastes. He was a close friend and an amiable critic of Adam Smith, David Hume, Henry Home, Lord Kames, and John Home, the author of ‘Douglas.’ He married at London, in February 1747, a sister of Joseph Townsend, M.P. for Westbury, Wiltshire, by whom he had issue James Townsend Oswald, father of General Sir John Oswald [q. v.]
[Memorials of the Public Life and Character of the Right Hon. James Oswald of Dunnikier, contained in a correspondence with some of the most distinguished men of the last century, 1825, 8vo; Dugald Stewart's Biographical Memoirs, 1811, p. 5; Tytler's Memoirs of Lord Kames, 1814; Bubb Dodington's Diary; Hill Burton's Life of David Hume, 1846; Birkbeck Hill's Letters of David Hume, 1888; Ramsay's Scotland and Scotsmen in the Eighteenth Century, ed. Allardyce, p. 188; Walpole's Memoirs, George II (ed. Holland), George III (ed. Le Marchant), i. 112, 145, 358, Letters (ed. Cunningham), i. 121; Gent. Mag. 1744 p. 677, 1747 p. 102, 1769 p. 168; Scots Mag. 1747 p. 98, 1769 p. 167, 1825 pt. ii. p. 65; Ann. Reg. 1769, Chron. p. 173; Cobbett's Parl. Hist. vols. xiii.–xvi.; List of Members of Parliament (Official); Foster's Members of Parliament, Scotland, p. 279; Anderson's Scottish Nation; Irving's Book of Scotsmen; Haydn's Book of Dignities.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jeens, Charles Henry

​JEENS, CHARLES HENRY (1827–1879), engraver, son of Henry and Matilda Jeens, was born at Uley in Gloucestershire on 19 Oct. 1827. He was instructed in engraving by John Brain and William Greatbach, and some of his earliest independent employment was on postage-stamps for the English colonies. Jeens was one of the engravers engaged on the ‘Royal Gallery of Art,’ edited by S. C. Hall, 1854, and executed a number of plates for the ‘Art Journal.’ About 1860 he became associated with Messrs. Macmillan & Co., for whose ‘Golden Treasury’ series and other publications he produced many beautiful vignettes and portraits, among the latter a series of ‘Scientific Worthies,’ issued in the periodical ‘Nature.’ In 1863 he completed for the Art Union of London the plate commenced by Shenton from Dicksee's ‘A Labour of Love,’ and one of his latest works was ‘Joseph and Mary,’ after Armitage, published by the same society in 1877. Other noteworthy plates were Romney's ‘Lady Hamilton with the Spinning-wheel;’ Millais' ‘Reverie;’ the ‘Head of a Girl,’ after L. da Vinci, prefixed to Mr. W. H. Pater's ‘Studies in the History of the Renaissance;’ and ‘The Queen and Prince Consort fording the Poll Tarff,’ after C. Haag, engraved for the queen's ‘Journal of our Life in the Highlands,’ 1868. Jeens' small plates are finished with admirable care and delicacy, but his larger works lack breadth and colour. He died, after a long illness, on 22 Oct. 1879. A volume of proofs of his vignettes is in the print room of the British Museum.
[Art Journal, 1880; Athenæum, 1 Nov. 1879; Men of the Reign, 1887; information kindly furnished by the rector of Uley; Bryan's Dictionary, ed. Graves, 1886.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jebb, John (1805-1886)

​JEBB, JOHN, D.D. (1805–1886), canon of Hereford, eldest son of Richard Jebb, Irish judge [see under Jebb, John, 1775–1833], and nephew of Dr. John Jebb [q. v.], bishop of Limerick, was born at Dublin in 1805. He was educated at Winchester and at Trinity College, Dublin, graduating B.A. in 1826, M.A. in 1829, and B.D. in 1862. Having held for a short time the rectory of Dunerlin in Ireland, he was appointed prebendary of Donoughmore in Limerick Cathedral, 1832, and instituted to the rectory of Peterstow, near Ross, Herefordshire, 1843. He was appointed prebendary of Preston Wynne in Hereford Cathedral in 1858, and was prælector from 1863 to 1870, when he was appointed canon residentiary. ‘A Literal Translation of the Book of Psalms,’ 2 vols., which he published in 1846, brought him some reputation as a Hebrew scholar and he was appointed one of the revisers of the Old Testament, but soon resigned the post in the belief that the plan proposed by his colleagues involved unnecessary change of the authorised version. He died at Peterstow on 8 Jan. 1886. Besides numerous sermons, pamphlets, and contributions to the church papers, Jebb's chief works are:
* ‘The Divine Economy of the Church,’ 1840, 12mo.
* ‘The Church Service of the United Church of England and Ireland, being an Enquiry into the Liturgical System of the Cathedral and Collegiate foundations of the Anglican Communion,’ 1843, 8vo.
* ‘Three Lectures on the Cathedral Service of the Church of England,’ Leeds, 1845, 16mo.
* ‘A Plea for what is left of the Cathedrals, their Deans and Chapters, their Corporate Rights and Ecclesiastical Utility,’ 1862, 8vo.
* ‘The Rights of the Irish Branch of the United Church of England and Ireland considered on Fundamental Principles, Human and Divine,’ 1868, 8vo.
[Times, 13 Jan. 1886; Athenæum, 1886, i. 104; Men of the Time, 12th edit. p. 583; Newman's Letters, ed. Mozley, ii. 216; Cotton's Fasti Eccl. Hib. i. 412–13; Annual Register; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jebb, Richard

​JEBB, Sir RICHARD, M.D. (1729–1787), physician, son of Samuel Jebb [q. v.], was born at Stratford, Essex, and there baptised 30 Oct. 1729. He entered at St. Mary Hall, Oxford, in 1747, but being a nonjuror could not graduate in that university, and proceeded to Aberdeen, where he joined Marischal College and graduated M.D. 23 Sept. 1751. He took rooms in Parliament Street, London, and was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians, 24 March 1755. He was physician to the Westminster Hospital from 1754 to 1762, when (7 May) he was elected physician to St. George's Hospital. He went to Italy to attend the Duke of Gloucester, and became a favourite of George III, who granted him a crown lease of 385 acres of Enfield Chase. He built a small house upon it, enclosed it with a fence, and kept deer. In 1771 he was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians, and in 1774 he delivered the Harveian oration, and was censor in 1772, 1776, and 1781. He was created a baronet on 4 Sept. 1778, and was F.R.S. and F.S.A. In 1768 he had already been obliged by private practice to resign his hospital appointment, and in the three years 1779–81 his fees amounted to twenty thousand guineas. In 1780 he was appointed physician to the Prince of Wales, and in 1786 to the king. He was fond of conviviality and of music. Wilkes and Churchill the poet were his friends, and he paid for the education of Churchill's son. Before he attained much practice he made no unworthy efforts to become prominent, and when his practice was large his patients sometimes complained that his manner was not sufficiently ceremonious. His professional reputation was high, and some disparaging remarks of John Coakley Lettsom [q. v.], who knew him, are obviously the result of inability to appreciate his abilities. In June 1787, while attending two of the princesses, he was attacked by fever. He was attended ​by Dr. Warren [q. v.] and Dr. H. R. Reynolds [q. v.], but died at 2 a.m. on 4 July 1787 at his house in Great George Street, Westminster. He was tall and thin, as may be seen in his portrait by Zoffany, which hangs in the reading-room of the College of Physicians of London. He was buried in the west cloister of Westminster Abbey.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. ii. 291; Foster's Alumni Oxon.; Gent. Mag. vol. lvii.]
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jefferson, Samuel

​JEFFERSON, SAMUEL (1809–1846), topographer, was born at Basingstoke, Hampshire, on 8 Nov. 1809. After residing for many years at Carlisle, first as a bookseller's ​assistant, and afterwards in business for himself, he acted for six months as assistant to Mr. Bell, bookseller in Fleet Street, London, and was afterwards engaged in writing for Sharpe's ‘London Magazine.’ He died on 5 Feb. 1846 in the Caledonian Road, Pentonville, leaving a widow, a native of Wigton in Cumberland, a son, and four daughters.
Jefferson published: 1. ‘The History and Antiquities of Carlisle,’ 1838. 2. ‘Guide to Naworth and Lanercost,’ 1839. 3. ‘The History of Leath Ward,’ 1840, and 4. ‘History of Allendale Ward above Derwent,’ 1842, parts of a projected description of the county at large, divided into volumes corresponding to the several wards. 5. ‘Guide to Carlisle,’ 1842. He edited with prefaces and notes a series called the ‘Carlisle Tracts,’ a collection of tracts relating to the history of the city and county (8vo, Carlisle, 1839–44).
[Gent. Mag. new ser. xxv. 546–7.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jeffcock, Parkin

​JEFFCOCK, PARKIN (1829–1866), mining engineer, son of John Jeffcock of Cowley, Derbyshire, by his wife Catherine (née Parkin), was born at Cowley Manor 27 Oct. 1829. Although at first intended ​for Oxford and the church, he was articled in 1850, after some training at the College of Civil Engineers, Putney, to George Hunter, a colliery viewer and engineer of Durham. Making rapid progress in his profession, he in 1857 became partner of J. T. Woodhouse, a mining engineer and agent of Derby, and took up his residence in 1860 at Duffield, near that town. He greatly distinguished himself in 1861 by the bravery he displayed in attempting to rescue the men and boys confined in a coal-pit at Clay Cross during an inundation. In 1863, and again in 1864, he examined and reported on the Moselle coalfield, near Saarbrück. On 12 Dec. 1866 he learned, while at his house at Duffield, that the Oaks Pit, near Barnsley, was on fire; he went thither at once, and with three others descended to make a complete exploration of the mine. One of the party returned to the surface to send down volunteers, but Jeffcock remained below directing such life-saving operations as could be carried on during the night of 12 Dec. Before further help arrived on the morning of the 13th a second explosion had killed Jeffcock and, with a single exception, the whole band of volunteers, thirty in number. The mine was sealed down, and Jeffcock's body was not recovered until 5 Oct. 1867, when it was buried in Ecclesfield churchyard. A church, named St. Saviour's, built as a memorial of Jeffcock at Mortomley, near Sheffield, was completed in 1872 at a cost of 3,000l.
[Parkin Jeffcock: a Memoir by his brother, the Rev. John T. Jeffcock, 1867, 8vo, with portrait; Guardian, 2 Jan. 1867; Hunter's Hallamshire, xliii. 444; notices in Derby Mercury, 19 and 26 Dec. 1866; information kindly supplied by the Rev. J. T. Jeffcock.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Parker, Charles Christopher

​PARKER, Sir CHARLES CHRISTOPHER (1792–1869), admiral, youngest son of Vice-admiral Christopher Parker and grandson of Admiral of the fleet Sir Peter Parker (1721-1811) [q. v.], was born on 16 June 1792. Sir Peter Parker (1785-1814) [q. v.] was his eldest brother; Lord Byron, the poet, was his first cousin. He entered the navy in Jane 1804 on board the Glory, with Captain George Martin [q. v.], whom he followed to the Barfleur. In June 1805 he was moved to the Weasel sloop with his brother Peter, and in March 1806 to the Eagle, in which, under Captain Charles Rowley, he saw much active service on the coast of Italy. In 1809 he was in the Baltic, in the St. George, the flagship of Rear-admiral Pickmore; afterwards he was in the San Josef in the Mediterranean, and from May 1810 in the Unité frigate with Captain Patrick Campbell [q. v.] He was seriously hurt by a fall from her quarterdeck into the gun-room, and in August 1811 was invalided for the recovery of his health. He had just before, 17 June 1811, been promoted to the rank of lieutenant, and early in 1812 he joined the Menelaus, commanded by his brother Peter, in the Mediterranean. In May he moved into the Malta with Rear-admiral Hallowell, and continued in her till promoted to be commander on 5 April 1815. After three years, 1819-22, in the Harlequin on the coast of Ireland, he was posted on 23 April 1822. He had no further service, but became rear-admiral on the retired list on 7 Oct. 1852, vice-admiral on 28 Nov. 1857,and admiral on 27 April 1863. On the death of his brother John Edmond George, 18 Nov. 1835, he succeeded to the baronetcy. He had married in 1815 Georgiana Ellis Pallmer, but died without issue on 13 March 1869, when the title became extinct.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Parke, Robert (fl.1800)

​PARKE, ROBERT (fl. 1800), architect and builder, whose christian name is occasionally given as Edward, and surname as Park and Parks, and even Sparks, had a large practice in Dublin. There he designed or carried out, between August 1787 and October 1794, at a cost of 25,396l., the west façade (with the Ionic colonnade from a design by Colonel Samuel Hayes), 147 feet long, as an addition to the Irish House of Commons, now the Bank of Ireland. It is claimed that this front was executed from a design by James Gandon [q. v.], but it is clear that Gandon designed only the eastern additions, which were of earlier dates (Mulvany, pp. 115, 116).
Between 29 July 1796, and 1799 the Commercial Buildings in Dublin were erected, from Parke's or Sparks's designs, at a cost of 37,000l. They were of granite, were commenced on 29 July 1796, and were opened in 1799. The ultimate conversion of the senate house into the Bank of Ireland in 1804 was conducted by Parke, from the design of Francis Johnston (Mulvany, p. 144). In 1806 he designed the Royal College of Surgeons at a cost of about 40,000l., and about 1816 the infirmary and dwelling to the Hibernian Marine School, at a cost of over 6,000l. The date of his death has not been ascertained.
[Whitelaw and Walsh's History of Dublin, 4to, Dublin, 1808, i. 234, 530, 615, 987; Mulvany's Life of Gandon, 8vo, Dublin, 1846; Dictionary of Architecture; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists.]
W. P.-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Parker, Charles (1800-1881)

​PARKER, CHARLES (1800–1881), architect, born in 1800, was a pupil of Sir Jeffrey Wyatville [q. v.], and attended the ​drawing-school of George Maddox. He subsequently studied his profession for many yean in Italy. About 1830 he commenced practice in London, and had a prosperous career. He designed (1830-2) Messrs. Hoere's banking-house in Fleet Street, the Italian Roman catholic church at Kingston, Surrey, and the chapel in Stamford Street, Blackfriars. In 1834 he was elected fellow of the Royal Institute of British Architects, to the sessional meetings of which he contributed many important papers until his retirement on 16 Nov. 1869. He became fellow of the Society of Antiquaries on 9 Jan. 1834 (Gent. Mag. 1834, pt. i. 212), but withdrew in 1844. He was steward and surveyor to the Duke of Bedford's London property from 1859 to 1869. His sight subsequently failed, and he became totally blind. He died on 9 Feb. 1881 at 48 Park Road, Haverstock Hill, aged 81 (Times, 11 Feb. 1881), leaving four daughters.
Parker published in monthly parts an important work entitled 'Villa Rustica, selected from the Buildings and Scenes in the vicinity of Rome and Florence, and arranged for Lodges and Domestic Dwellings; with Plans and Details,' 4to, London, 1832; 2nd edit. 1848. The descriptions accompany a series of ninety-three plates, finished with care and great attention to detail, illustrating the villa architecture of Italy, but modified to suit the wants and manners of England.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Parker, Emma

​PARKER, EMMA (fl. 1811), novelist, seems to have lived at Fairfield House, Denbighshire. She was the author of several novels which were favourably criticised by the critical and monthly reviews. They are, however, very mediocre performances. Her first book, 'Elfrida; or the Heiress of Belgrove,' in four volumes, was published in 1811.
Her other novels are: 1.'Virginia; or the Peace of Amiens,' 4 vols. 1811. 2. 'Aretas: a Novel,' 4 vols. 1813. 3. 'The Guerilla Chief,' 3 vols. 1814. 4. 'Self-Deception,' 2 vols. 1816. She also published in 1817 'Important Trifles, chiefly appropriate to Females on their entrance into Society.'
E. L.