OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly

Monthly magazine
* Volume 1 (January–June 1876) (transcription project)
* Volume 2 (July–December 1876)
* Volume 3 (January–June 1877)
* Volume 4 (July–December 1877)
* Volume 5 (January–June 1878)
* Volume 6 (July–December 1878)
* Volume 7 (January–June 1879)
* Volume 8 (July–December 1879)
* Volume 9 (January–June 1880)
* Volume 10 (July–December 1880)
* Volume 11 (January–June 1881)
* Volume 12 (July–December 1881)
* Volume 13 (January–June 1882)
* Volume 14 (July–December 1882)
* Volume 15 (January–June 1883)
* Volume 16 (July–December 1883)
* Volume 17 (January–June 1884)
* Volume 18 (July–December 1884)
* Volume 19 (January–June 1885)
* Volume 20 (July–December 1885)
* Volume 21 (January–June 1886)
* Volume 22 (July–December 1886)
* Volume 23 (January–June 1887)
* Volume 24 (July–December 1887)
* Volume 25 (January–June 1888)
* Volume 26 (July–December 1888)
* Volume 27 (January–June 1889)
* Volume 28 (July–December 1889)
* Volume 29 (January–June 1890)
* Volume 30 (July–December 1890)
* Volume 31 (January–June 1891)
* Volume 32 (July–December 1891)
* Volume 33 (January–June 1892)
* Volume 34 (July–December 1892)
* Volume 35 (January–June 1893)
* Volume 36 (July–December 1893)
* Volume 37 (January–June 1894)
* Volume 38 (July–December 1894)
* Volume 39
* Volume 40
* Volume 41
* Volume 42
* Volume 43
* Volume 44
* Volume 45
* Volume 46
* Volume 47 (November 1898–April 1899)
* Volume 48 (May–October 1899)
* Volume 49 (November 1899–April 1900)
* Volume 50 (May–October 1900)
* Volume 51 (November 1900–April 1901)
* Volume 52 (May–October 1901)
* Volume 53 (November 1901–April 1902)
* Volume 54 (May–October 1902)
* Volume 55 (November 1902–April 1903)
* Volume 56 (May–October 1903)
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly/Volume 1

* Number 1, January 1876
* Number 2, February 1876
* Number 3, March 1876
* Number 4, April 1876
* Number 5, May 1876
* Number 6, June 1876
# Frank Leslie's Lady's Magazine/Volume 25

* Number 1, July 1869
* Number 2, September 1869
* Number 3, September 1869
* Number 4, October 1869
* Number 5, November 1869
* Number 6, December 1869
# Frank Leslie's Popular Monthly/Volume 1/Number 4

April 1876
* Brazil, its Emperor and its People
* Miscellany 1
* How I Told My Love
* Singular Effect of Light
* The Climbing Perch
* Miscellany 2
* Man, Sunset and the Sea
* The Course of True Love
* Memories of Milan
* Miscellany 3
* The Anthella
* The Rhodomont Messer or Knife
* Forks and Their Days
* Divine Plan Concerning Genius
* Miscellany 4
* A Story of the Dead-Watch House
* Whistle Drinking-Cup
* Escape of Masers de Latude
* Mazarin
* The Grotto of Antiparos
* Monkey Hunting
* A Sea-Fight in the Olden Time
* The Burglars of Macon
* That Housekeeper
* Curious and Useful Crow
* The Grey-Beard, or Bellarmine
* The Jar of Peaches
* Attacked by Wild Asses
* Miscellany 5
* The Pink Countess
* William Penn and the Settlement of Pennsylvania
* Why
* Enigmas
* Miscellany 6
* The Chimney-Corners of the Olden Time
* Miscellany 7
* Burnt Cork
* Something about a Song
* Southern Scenes
* Miscellany 8
* Westchester Tower
* A Terrible Game of La Crosse
* The Tallegalla, or Australian Mound-building Turkey
* Catching an Alligator
* New York
* Nellie Martin
* My Trip to Marley
* The Cathedral of Chartres
* The Woodcutter's Cabin
* Artificial Pearls
* Soda-ash, its Manufacture and Uses
* Sailing the First Boat
* Scientific Scraps
* Recent Progress in Science
* Entertaining Column
* Miscellany 9
# Frank Leslie's New Family Magazine

Monthly magazine
* Volume 1 (September–December 1857) (external scan)
* Volume 2 (January–June 1858) (external scans (multiple parts): 1, 2)
* Volume 3 (July–December 1858) (external scans (multiple parts): 1, 2)
* Volume 4 (January–June 1859) (external scans (multiple parts): 1, 2, 3)
* Volume 5 (July–December 1859) (external scans (multiple parts): 1, 2)
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pleyel, Ignaz Joseph

See also Ignaz Joseph Pleyel on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​PLEYEL, IGNAZ JOSEPH (1757-1831), Austrian musician, was born at Ruppersthal, near Vienna, on the 1st of June 1757, the twenty-fourth son of a poor village schoolmaster. He studied the pianoforte under Van Hal (known in England as Vanhall), and in 1772 learned composition from Haydn, who became his dearest friend. He was appointed temporary maître de Chapelle at Strasburg in 1783, receiving a permanent appointment to the office in 1789. In 1791 he paid a successful visit to London. He narrowly escaped the guillotine on returning to Strasburg, and was only saved by the existence of a cantata which he had written, and in which the inspiration could fairly be claimed to be on the side of liberty; so that he was permitted to remain until 1795, when he migrated to Paris. Here he opened a large music shop, published the first complete edition of Haydn's quartets, and founded, in 1807, the pianoforte manufactory which still bears his name. The latter years of his life were spent in agricultural pursuits. The July revolution of 1830 inflicted upon him a severe shock, and on the 14th of November 1831 he died in Paris.
Maria Pleyel, née Moke (1811-1875), the wife of his eldest son, Camille, was one of the most accomplished pianists of her time.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pleiades (mythology)

See also Pleiades (Greek mythology) on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​PLEIADES, in Greek mythology, the seven daughters of Atlas and Pleïone, and sisters of the Hyades. Owing to their grief at the death of their sisters or at the sufferings of their father, they were changed into stars. In another account, the Pleiades and their mother met the hunter Orion in Boeotia, and the sight of them inflamed his passion. For five years he pursued them through the woods, until Zeus translated them all—Pleione and her daughters, Orion, and his dog—to the sky. The Pleiades rose in the middle of May and set at the end of October, and their connexion with spring and autumn explains the legend. As bringers of the fertilizing rains of spring, which have their origin in the west, they are the daughters of Atlas, as the forerunners of the storms of autumn, they are represented as being driven onward by Orion in pursuit. The word is probably connected with πλείων, either in the sense of “many in number,” since the stars formed a close group, resembling a bunch of grapes (hence sometimes called βότρυς), or as “more in number” than their sisters. Others derive the name from πλεῖν (to sail), because navigation began at the time of their rising. They are probably alluded to in Homer (Odyssey, xii. 62) as the doves (πελείαδες) who brought ambrosia from the west to Zeus. One of these doves was always lost during the passage of the Planciae (wandering rocks), referring to the fact that one of the seven Pleiades was always invisible. This was Merope, who hid her light from shame at having had intercourse with a mortal, Sisyphus. All the Pleiades became the ancestresses of divine or heroic families. They were called Vergiliae (probably connected with ver, spring) by the Romans.
See Hesiod, Works and Days, 383; Apollodorus iii. 10; Diod. Sic. iii. 60; Theocrltus xiii. 25; Hyginus, Astronom. ii. 21; Ovid, Fasti, 1v. 169, v. 599.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pleiades (astronomy)

See also Pleiades on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​PLEIADES, Atlantides or Vergiliae, in astronomy, a group of stars situated in the constellation Taurus. They are supposed to be referred to in the Old Testament (Job. ix. 9, xxxviii. 31). This group is particularly rich in bright stars, and is full of nebulosity, but there are fewer faint stars than in equal areas of the surrounding sky; the central star is Alcyone (3rd magnitude); Pleione and Atlas are also of the 3rd magnitude.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Plight

See also Oath and Pleat on Wikipedia; plight on Wiktionary; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​PLIGHT, an homonymous word now used chiefly with two meanings, (1) pledge, and (2) condition or state. The first appears more generally in the verbal form, “to plight one's troth,” &c., and the second with a direct or implied sense of misfortune. The derivations of the two words show they are quite distinct in origin. The O. Eng. pliht meant danger or risk, hence risk of obligation (cf. Ger. Pflicht, Du. plicht, care, duty). The root pleh- or pleg- is probably also to be seen in the much disputed word “pledge.” The M. Eng. plit or plyt, on the other hand, is an adaptation of O. Fr. ploit, fold, and therefore a doublet of “plait,” but appears in the 14th century with the neutral sense of condition or state in general.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pleonasm

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​PLEONASM (Gr. πλεονασμός, from πλεοναζειν, to abound or be superfluous, πλέον, comparative of πολύς, many, great, large), redundancy or superfluity in speaking or writing, hence an unnecessary work or phrase. The word, more usually in the Latin form "pleonasmus," is used in pathology of an abnormal growth or formation.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Massey, Sir Edward

See also Edward Massey on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​MASSEY, SIR EDWARD (c. 1619–c. 1674), English soldier in the Great Rebellion, was the son of John Massey of Coddington, Cheshire. Little is known of his early life, but it is said that he served in the Dutch army against the Spaniards. In 1639 he appears as a captain of pioneers in the army raised by Charles I. to fight against the Scots. At the outbreak of the Great Rebellion he was with the king at York, but he soon joined the Parliamentary army. As lieutenant-colonel under the earl of Stamford he became deputy governor of Gloucester, where he remained till towards the end of the first Civil War, becoming governor early in 1643. He conducted minor operations against numerous small bodies of Royalists, and conducted the defence of Gloucester against the king’s main army in August 1643, with great steadiness and ability, receiving the thanks of parliament and a grant of £1000 for his services. In 1644 Massey continued to keep the field and to disperse the local Royalists, and on several occasions he measured swords with Prince Rupert. In May 1644 he was made general of the forces of the Western Association. In 1645 he took the offensive against Lord Goring and the western Royalists, advanced to the relief of Taunton, and in the autumn co-operated effectively with Sir Thomas Fairfax and the New Model army in the Langport campaign. After taking part in the desultory operations which closed the first war, he took his seat in the House of Commons as member for Gloucester. He then began to take an active part in politics on the Presbyterian side, and was one of the generals who was impeached by the army on the ground that they were attempting to revive the Civil War in the Presbyterian interests. Massey fled from England in June 1647, and though he resumed his seat in the house in 1648 he was again excluded by Pride’s Purge, and after a short imprisonment escaped to Holland. Thence, taking the side of the king openly and definitely like many other Presbyterians, he accompanied Charles II. to Scotland. He fought against Cromwell at the bridge of Stirling and Inverkeithing, and commanded the advanced guard of the Royalist army in the invasion of England in 1651. It was hoped that Massey’s influence would win over the towns of the Severn valley to the cause of the king, and the march of the army on Worcester was partly inspired by this expectation. However, he effected little, and after riding with the king for some distance from the field of Worcester, fell into the hands of his former comrades and was lodged in the Tower. He again managed to escape to Holland. While negotiating with the English Presbyterians for the restoration of Charles, he visited England twice, in 1654 and 1656. In 1660 he was active in preparing for Charles’s return, and was rewarded by a knighthood and a grant of £3000. The rest of his life was spent in political, and occasionally in military and administrative business, and he is said to have died in Ireland in 1674 or 1675.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Massif

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​MASSIF, a French term, adopted in geology and physical geography for a mountainous mass or group of connected heights, whether isolated or forming part of a larger mountain system. A “massif” is more or less clearly marked off by valleys.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Massicus, Mons

See also Mons Massicus on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​MASSICUS, MONS, a mountain ridge of ancient Italy, in the territory of the Aurunci, and on the border of Campania and Latium adjectum—attributed by most authors to the latter. It projects south-west from the volcanic system of Rocca Monfina (see Suessa Aurunca) as far as the sea, and separates the lower course of the Liris from the plain of Campania. It consists of limestone, with a superstratum of pliocenic and volcanic masses, and was once an island; its highest point is 2661 ft. above sea-level.
It was very famous for its wine in ancient times. There was just room along the coast for the road to pass through; the pass was guarded by the Auruncan town of Vescia (probably on the mountain side), which ceased to exist in 314 B.C. after the defeat of the Ausones, but left its name to the spot. Its successor, Sinuessa, on the coast, a station on the Via Appia, was constructed in 312 B.C., and a colony was founded there in 295 B.C. It is not infrequently mentioned by classical writers as a place in which travellers halted. Here Virgil joined Horace on the famous journey to Brundusium. Domitian considerably increased its importance by the construction of the Via Domitiana, which left the Via Appia here and ran to Cumae and Puteoli, and it was he, no doubt, who raised it to the position of colonia Flavia. The town was destroyed by the Saracens, but some ruins of it are still visible two miles north-west of the modern village of Mondragone. The mineral springs which still rise here were frequented in antiquity.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Massenet, Jules Émile Frédéric

See also Jules Émile Frédéric Massenet on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​MASSENET, JULES ÉMILE FRÉDÉRIC (1842–), French composer, was born at Montaud, on the 12th of May 1842. He studied at the Paris Conservatoire, where he obtained the Grand Prix de Rome in 1863 with the cantata David Rizzio. Massenet became one of the most prolific composers of his time. His operas include the following: La Grande tante, one act, opéra comique (1867); Don César de Bazan, three acts, opéra comique (1872); Le Roi de Lahore, five acts, opéra (1877); Hérodiade, five acts (Brussels, 1881); Manon, five acts, opéra comique (1884); Le Cid, four acts, opera (1885); Esclarmonde, four acts, opéra comique (1889); Le Mage, five acts, opera (1891); Werther, four acts (Vienna, 1892); Thaïs, three acts, opera (1894); Le Portrait de Manon, one act, opéra comique (1894); La Navarraise, two acts (Covent Garden, 1894); Sapho, opéra comique (1897); Cendrillon, opéra comique (1900); Grisélidis, opéra comique (1901); Le Jongleur de Notre Dame (Mentone, 1902). Of these the most popular is Manon. Massenet’s other works include Marie Madeleine, sacred drama (1873); Eve, a mystery (1875); La Vierge, sacred legend (1880); six orchestral suites entitled Scènes hongroises, Scènes pittoresques, Scènes dramatiques, Scènes napolitaines, Scènes de féerie, Scènes alsaciennes; music to the tragedy Les Erynnies, to Théodora, Le Crocodile, L’Hetman; a requiem, Narcisse; an idyll, Biblis; a Scène antique; several sets of songs, entitled Poème d’avril, Poème d’amour, Poème d’hiver, Poème d’octobre, Poème pastoral, Poème du souvenir; also a large number of detached songs. He was professor of composition at the Conservatoire from 1878 to 1896, among his pupils being Hillemacher, Marty, Bruneau, Vidal, Pierné, Leroux and Charpentier. Massenet undoubtedly possesses a style of his own. He is at his best in music descriptive of the tender passion, and many of the love scenes in his operas are very beautiful.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Massey, Gerald

See also Gerald Massey on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​MASSEY, GERALD (1828–1907), English poet, was born near Tring, Hertfordshire, on the 29th of May 1828. His parents were in humble circumstances, and Massey was little more than a child when he was set to hard work in a silk factory, which he afterwards deserted for the equally laborious occupation of straw-plaiting. These early years were rendered gloomy by much distress and deprivation, against which the young man strove with increasing spirit and virility, educating himself in his spare time, and gradually cultivating his innate taste for literary work. He was attracted by the movement known as Christian Socialism, into which he threw himself with whole-hearted vigour, and so became associated with Maurice and Kingsley. His first public appearance as a writer was in connexion with a journal called the Spirit of Freedom, of which he became editor, and he was only twenty-two when he published his first volume of poems, Voices of Freedom and Lyrics of Love. These he followed in rapid succession by The Ballad of Babe Christabel (1854), War Waits (1855), Havelock’s March (1860), and A Tale of Eternity (1869). Many years afterwards in 1889, he collected the best of the contents of these volumes, with additions, into a two-volume edition of his poems called My Lyrical Life. He also published works dealing with spiritualism, the study of Shakespeare’s sonnets (1872 and 1890), and theological speculation. It is generally understood that he was the original of George Eliot’s Felix Holt. Massey’s poetry has a certain rough and vigorous element of sincerity and strength which easily accounts for its popularity at the time of its production. He treated the theme of Sir Richard Grenville before Tennyson thought of using it, with much force and vitality. Indeed, Tennyson’s own praise of Massey’s work is still its best eulogy, for the Laureate found in him “a poet of fine lyrical impulse, and of a rich half-Oriental imagination.” The inspiration of his poetry is essentially British; he was a patriot to the core. It is, however, as an Egyptologist that Gerald Massey is best known in the world of letters. He first published The Book of the Beginnings, followed by The Natural Genesis; but by far his most important work is Ancient Egypt: The Light of the World, published shortly before his death. He died on the 29th of October 1907.
See an article by J. Churton Collins in the Contemporary Review (May 1904).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Massillon

See also Massillon, Ohio on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​MASSILLON, a city of Stark county, Ohio, U.S.A., on the Tuscarawas river and the Ohio canal, 8 m. W. of Canton, and about 50 m. S. by E. of Cleveland. Pop. (1900), 11,944 (1693 foreign-born); (1910), 13,879. It is served by the Pennsylvania (Pittsburg, Ft Wayne & Chicago Division), the Baltimore & Ohio and the Wheeling & Lake Erie railways. Massillon is built among hills in a part of the state noted for its large production of coal and wheat and abounding in white sandstone, iron ore and potter’s clay. The city has various manufactures, including iron, engines, furnaces, reapers, threshers and bottles. The total value of the factory products in 1905 was $3,707,013, an increase of 34.8% over that of 1900. The first settlement was made in 1825; in 1826 the town was laid out and named in honour of Jean Baptiste Massillon; it was incorporated a village in 1853, and became a city in 1868.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Massereene, John Clotworthy, 1st Viscount

See also John Clotworthy, 1st Viscount Massereene on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​MASSEREENE, JOHN CLOTWORTHY, 1st Viscount (d. 1665), Anglo-Irish politician, was a son of Sir Hugh Clotworthy, sheriff of county Antrim. He was elected to the Irish parliament as member for county Antrim in 1634, and was a member both of the Short and of the Long Parliament in England. Clotworthy was a vehement opponent of the earl of Strafford, in whose impeachment he took an active share. He also took part in the prosecution of Archbishop Laud. Having unsuccessfully negotiated with Ormond for the surrender of Dublin to the Parliamentary forces in 1646, he was accused in the following year of having betrayed his cause, and also of embezzlement; in consequence of these charges he fled to the Continent, but returned to parliament in June 1648. On the 12th of December in that year he was arrested, and remained in prison for nearly three years. Having taken an active part in forwarding the Restoration, he was employed in Ireland in arranging the affairs of the soldiers and other adventurers who had settled in Ireland Clotworthy in no way abated his old animosity against “papists” and high Anglicans, and he championed the cause of the Irish Presbyterians; but being personally agreeable to Charles II., his ecclesiastical views were overlooked, and on the 21st of November 1660 he was created Baron Loughneagh and Viscount Massereene in the Irish peerage, with remainder in default of male heirs to his son-in-law, Sir John Skeffington. Massereene died without male issue in September 1665, and the title devolved on Skeffington, whose great-grandson, the fifth viscount, was created earl of Massereene in 1756. The earldom became extinct on the death of the fourth earl without male issue in 1816, the viscounty and barony of Loughneagh descending to his daughter Harriet, whose husband, Thomas Foster, took the name of Skeffington, and inherited from his mother in 1824 the titles of Viscount Ferrard and Baron Oriel of Collon in the Irish peerage, and from his father in 1828 that of Baron Oriel of Ferrard in the peerage of the United Kingdom.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Massimo

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​MASSIMO, or Massimi, a Roman princely family of great antiquity, said to be descended from the ancient Maximi of republican Rome. The name is first mentioned in 1012 in the person of Leo de Maximis, and the family played a considerable part in the history of the city in the middle ages. The brothers Pietro and Francesco Massimi acquired fame by protecting and encouraging the German printer Ulrich Hahn, who came to Rome in 1467. In the 16th century the Massimi were the richest of the Roman nobles. A marquisate was conferred on them in 1544, and the lordship of Arsoli in 1574. To-day there are two branches of the Massimi, viz. the Principi Massimo, descended from Camillo Massimiliano (1770–1840), and the dukes of Rignano, descended from Francesco Massimo (1773–1844). One of the sons of the present Prince Camillo Carlo Alberto, Don Fabrizio, married Princess Beatrice, daughter of Don Carlos of Bourbon (duke of Madrid), the pretender to the Spanish throne. The Palazzo Massimo in Rome was built by Baldassare Peruzzi by order of Pietro Massimo, on the ruins of an earlier palace destroyed in the sack of Rome in 1527.
See F. Gregorovius, Geschichte der Stadt Rom (Stuttgart, 1880); A. von Reumont, Geschichte der Stadt Rom (Berlin, 1868); Almanach de Gotha; J. H. Douglas, The Principal Noble Families of Rome (Rome, 1905).