OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Adel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Adel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Adel, m., ‘nobility,’ from MidHG. adel, m., n., ‘lineage, noble lineage, noble rank, perfection,’ OHG. adal, n. (and edili, n.), ‘lineage, esp. noble lineage’; corresponding to OSax. aðali, n., ‘body of nobles, notables, nobility,’ Du. adel, AS. œðelu, n. plur., ‘noble birth,’ OIc. aƀal, ‘disposition, talent, lineage.’ In Goth. the stem ​aþ (by gradation ôþ) is wanting; to it belong OHG. uodil, n., ‘patrimony, home’ (ModHG. Ulrich, from OHG. Uodalrîch or Uhland, from Uodal-lant), OSax. ôðil, AS. éðel, m., ‘patrimony, home.’ Hence the fundamental idea of the Teut. root aþ, by gradation ôþ (from Aryan ăt), seems to be ‘by transmission, inheritance.’ The aristocratic tinge evinced by the West Teut. cognates is not remarkable when we consider the early period; only the patrician had a ‘family’; genealogies of nobles (in old documents) reach back to the OTeut. period; the names beginning with Adel are primitive, Alfons, influenced by Rom. from OHG. Adalfuns, Adalheid, Adalberaht, Adolf, from Atha-ulf; also the deriv. OHG. Adalung. See too Adler, edel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Affe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Affe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Affe, m., ‘ape, monkey,’ from the equiv. MidHG. affe, OHG. affo, m.; also in OHG. the feminine forms affa, affin, affinna, ‘female ape.’ A word common to the Teut. group, unrecorded by chance in Goth. alone, in which, by inference from OIc. ape, AS. apa, E. ape (whence Ir. and Gael. apa), Du. aap, the form must have been *apa. Facts and not linguistic reasons lead to the conclusion that apan- is a primitive loanword with which ORuss. opica, OBoh. opice, is connected, and through commercial intercourse reached the Teutons by some unknown route. On account of the assonance it is very often referred, without sufficient reason, to Sans. kapi (Gr. κῆπος), ‘ape’; at all events, it is certain that no word for Affe common to the Aryan, or even to the West Aryan, group does exist.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/After

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/After | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ After, m., ‘buttocks, backside,’ from MidHG. after, OHG. aftaro, m., ‘fundament, anus’; lit. ‘the back part,’ from MidHG. after, OHG. aftar, adj., ‘behind, following’; akin to Goth. aftana, ‘from behind,’ AS. after, E. after (LG. and Du. achter), Goth. aftra, ‘back, again.’ It is certainly allied to Goth. afar, ‘behind,’ and the cognates discussed under aber. — After- in compounds is lit. ‘after,’ whence the idea of ‘counterfeit, baseness’; comp. MidHG. aftersprâche, ‘slander, backbiting,’ afterwort, ‘calumny’; the older meaning, ‘after, behind,’ is preserved in ModHG. Aftermiete, -muse, -rede. Note too Suab. (even in the MidHG. period) aftermontag for ‘Tuesday.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Ader

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Ader | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Ader, f., ‘vein,’ from MidHG. âder, OHG. âdara, f., ‘vein, sinew,’ corresponding to MidLG. ader, ‘vein, sinew,’ Du. ader, AS. œ̂dre, f., ‘vein’ (rarely êðr), OSw. aþra, ModSw. ådra; also without the deriv. r, OIc. œ̂ðr (the r is simply a nomin. suffix), f., ‘vein;’ the Goth. cognate êþ is not found. The pre-Teut. êt- has been connected with Gr. ἥτορ, ‘heart,’ ἦτρον, ‘abdomen,’ and here it must be recollected that MidHG. and MidLG. âder in the plur. may signify ‘bowels.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Adebar

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Adebar | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Adebar, m. (Holland, ooijevaar), a Low G. name for the stork, MidLG. odevare, MidHG. odebar, OHG. odobëro (in Old Ger. times the term was, moreover, prevalent in Germany). No certain explanation of the word can be given; it is most frequently interpreted as ‘bringer of children, of good luck' (comp. Allod). Respecting the LG. vowel-sounds see Aberglaube.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Affolter

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Affolter | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Affolter, m., ‘apple-tree.’ See Apfel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Acker

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Acker | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Acker, m., ‘field, arable land,’ from the equiv. MidHG. acker, OHG. acchar (ahhar), m.; a common Teut. and OAryan word corresponding to Goth. akrs, m., AS. œcer, E. acre (aker), Du. akker, OSax. akkar. Teut. *akra-z, m., from pre-Teut. agro-s; comp. Sans. ájra-s, m., ‘pasture-ground, plain, common,’ Gr. ἀγρός, Lat. ager (stem agro-), ‘field.’ It is certainly connected with the Ind. root aj, ‘to drive' (comp. Trift, allied to treiben), Lat. ago, Gr. ἄγω, to which in OIc. aka, ‘to drive,’ was allied. “Thus âjra- signifies in the widest sense ‘field and common,’ orig. as ‘pasture-land,’ the greatest part of which, when tillage supplanted the rearing of cattle, was used for crops.” The transition in meaning was, probably, completed on the migration of the Western Aryans to Europe; moreover, the root ar, ‘to plough, till,’ is West Aryan; comp. Gr. ἀρόω, Lat. arare, Goth. arjan, OHG. erian, OBulg. orati, ‘to plough.’ See Art.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Adler

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Adler | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Adler, m., ‘eagle,’ from MidHG. adel-ar (also adel-arn), m.; prop, a compound, ‘noble bird of prey.’ It is noteworthy that Aar in ModHG. is the nobler term, while Adler serves as the name for the species without any consciousness of its origin from Adel and Aar. OHG. *adal-aro appears by chance not to be recorded. Corresponds to Du. adelaar (besides arend).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Aft

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Aft | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Aft, m., ‘bough, branch,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. ast, m., ‘branch,’ corresponding to the equiv. Goth. asts. The term is unknown to the other dialects, yet its great antiquity is incontestable because of the agreement of Teut. astaz (a permutation of the pre-Teut. ozdos; comp. Mast, and the examples cited there of the permutation of the Aryan zd, sd, to Teut. st) with Gr. ὄζος (ὄσθοε), ‘branch, twig, knot, node (of a tree)’; the latter with Armen. ost, ‘branch,’ is likewise based upon osdos. The meanings of the Gr. word admit the supposition of its being allied to MidLG. ôst (LG. aust), Du. oest, AS. ôst, ‘knot, node’ (Aryan stem ôsdo-).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ungeschlacht

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ungeschlacht | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ungeschlacht, see geschlacht.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/unlängst

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/unlängst | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ unlängst, adv., ‘recently, of late,’ from MidHG. unlanges (unlange), ‘short time,’ with an excrescent t as in Obst, Art.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ungefähr

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ungefähr | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ungefähr, see ohngefähr.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ungeheuer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ungeheuer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ungeheuer, adj., ‘monstrous, atrocious,’ from MidHG. ungehiure, OHG. ungihiuri, ‘uncanny, frightful’; allied to Angeheuer, n., ‘monster,’ from MidHG. ungehiure, ‘savage, dragon, ghostly creature,’ OHG. ungihiurì, ‘monster.’ See geheuer.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/unten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/unten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ unten, adv., ‘below, beneath, ​underneath,’ from the equiv. MidHG. unden, OHG. untanân. Allied to unter, prep. and adv., ‘below, under,’ from MidHG. and OHG. unter, under, OLG. untar (prep.); but untari, adv.; corresponding to Goth. and OSax. undar, Du. onder, AS. and E. under. The Aryan prep. ndhér, on which these are based, appears also in Lat. infra (comp. inferior) and Sans. adhás, ‘beneath’ (adhara, ‘the lower’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/unterthan

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/unterthan | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ unterthan, adj. ‘subject to, dependent,’ from the equiv. MidHG. undertân, OHG. untartân. Properly a partic. of MidHG. undertuon, OHG. untartuon, ‘to subjugate, bring into subjection.’ See thun.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/unterwegen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/unterwegen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ unterwegen, unterwegs, adv., ‘on the way,’ from MidHG. under wëgen, ‘on the way, away.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ungestüm

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ungestüm | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ungestüm, adj., ‘blustering, impetuous,’ from MidHG. ungestüeme, OHG. ungistuomi (unstuom), adj., ‘stormy, impetuous’; the unnegatived form of the adj. was extremely rare in OHG. and MidHG. Based on a verbal root stam, as in MidHG. stęmen (ModHG. stemmen, from *stamjan), ‘to check, restrain,’ which appears also in ModHG. stammeln. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/uns

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/uns | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ uns, pron., ‘us, to us,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. uns, in the same form common to Teut. to supplement the declension of wir. Comp. Du. ons, OLG. and AS. âs (E. us), Goth. uns. This uns (from ns) is certainly connected with Lat. nos (noster), Gr. ἡμεῖς (for *ἀσ-μεῖς), and Sans. nas, ‘us’; comp. wir. — Allied to unser, poss. pron., ‘our,’ from MidHG. unser, OHG. unsêr, The detailed history of the prenom. stem belongs to grammar.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/unwirsch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/unwirsch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ unwirsch, adj., ‘cross, rude, morose,’ from MidHG. (rare) unwirs, usually unwirdesch, ‘unworthy, contemptuous, indignant, angry.’ Comp. MidHG. unwërt, ‘despised, unsuited, disagreeable’; allied to wert. See also wirsch.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/knuffen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry knuffen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ knuffen, verb, ‘to cull,’ wanting in the earlier periods; of obscure origin.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kosen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kosen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kosen, verb, ‘to chat, caress,’ from Middle High German kôsen, Old High German chôsôn, ‘to converse, talk.’ The meaning of the verb is opposed to any connection with Old High German chôsa, ‘lawsuit,’ and Latin causa, causari, for it nowhere shows an indication of a legal origin; Modern French causer, ‘to chat,’ is also derived from German, since in Latin causa, French chose originated. As a native word kosen (Gothic *kausôn) is of uncertain origin; it is certainly connected, however, with Anglo-Saxon ceást, Middle English cheeste, ‘argument, dispute,’ Dutch keuzelen, ‘to caress.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/knobeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry knobeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ knobeln, verb, ‘to fillip,’ Modern High German only, allied to a widely diffused dialectic form knöbel (Upper German), knöwel (Middle German and Low German), ‘joint,’ especially of the fingers.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/knittern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry knittern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ knittern, verb, ‘to rumple,’ Modern High German only; an imitative word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/knüpfen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry knüpfen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ knüpfen, verb, from the equivalent Middle High German knüpfen, Old High German knupfen, ‘to unite, tie, fasten together’ (Gothic *knuppjan is wanting); a nominal verb from Knopf, which see; Middle High German knopf, ‘knot.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kochen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kochen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kochen, ‘to cook,’ from the equivalent Middle High German kochen, Old High German chohhôn, from Latin coquere (more accurately *coquâre?). The High German word could not remain a strong verb, because the vowel of the stem differed from the analogy of verbs of that class. In Romance note French cuire, Italian cuocere. Compare also Kuchen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/knirschen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry knirschen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ knirschen, verb, ‘to gnash,’ Middle High German *knirsen, may be inferred from knirsunge, feminine, ‘gnashing,’ and zerknürsen, ‘to crush, squash’; for sch from s after r compare Hirsch and Arsch; compare Modern Dutch knarsen, knersen, ‘to gnash, crash,’ knarsetanden, ‘to gnash with the teeth.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/kommen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry kommen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ kommen, verb, from the equivalent Middle High German komen, Old High German chuëman, ‘to come,’ a common Teutonic verb. The proper form of the initial k is qu, as is proved by Modern High German bequem, and hence Old High German quëman is the base; the w of an initial hw is frequently suppressed in High German (compare keck and kirr) before e and o (not before a). Gothic qiman, Anglo-Saxon cuman, English to come, Old Saxon cuman, Old Icelandic koma. The primary Teutonic verb qeman, ‘to come,’ thus deduced has a remoter history; it is identical with the Indian and Zend root gam, ‘to come,’ and allied to Latin vĕnio for *gvĕmio, Greek βαίνω for *βανjω (for *gvĕmiô); compare bequem and Kunst. The assumed Aryan root is gem. The evolution of a v after the g is normal; compare Gothic qinô with Greek γυνή and Indian gnã (*gánâ), ‘woman’; Gothic qiwa-, Latin vivus (Greek βίος, substantive), Indian jîvá (see keck; compare the similar evolution of a kv akin to Teutonic hw from Aryan k under wer and welcher).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/koscher

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry koscher. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ koscher, kauscher, adjective, ‘pure,’ Modern High German only, from Jewish Chaldean kâschêr, ‘pure, according to prescription.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/knistern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry knistern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ knistern, verb, ‘to crackle,’ from Middle High German *knisten, on which the noun knistunge, feminine, ‘gnashing,’ is based; an onomnatopoetic formation.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/straucheln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry straucheln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ straucheln, verb, ‘to stumble,’ from the equivalent Middle High German strûcheln, an intensive form of Old High German strûhhên, strûhhôn, ‘to stumble’; it corresponds to the equivalent Dutch struikelen. To this is allied the root verb Old Icelandic strjúka, ‘to stroke, rub’; but Modern High German Strauch is scarcely connected with this Teutonic root strū̆k, ‘to glide’ (at all events straucheln is not ‘to entangle oneself in bushes’). It is uncertain whether Greek στρεύγεσθαι, ‘to grow tired,’ is a cognate.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/streichen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry streichen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ streichen, verb, ‘to rub,’ from Middle High German strîchen, strong verb, ‘to smooth, make strokes, draw, rub, besmear,’ Old High German strîhhan, strong verb, ‘to rub.’ To this is allied the Modern High German weak verb streichen, from Middle High German streichen (Old High German streihhôn), weak verb, ‘to graze, touch, stroke,’ as well as Modern High German Streich, masculine, from Middle High German streich, masculine, ‘blow, cut, stroke,’ and Modern High German Strich, masculine, from Middle High German and Old High German strich, masculine, ‘stroke, line’ (compare Gothic striks). The correspondences in the other Teutonic dialects are Dutch strijken, Anglo-Saxon strîcan, English to strike (whence stroke). With the pre-Teutonic root strī̆g are connected Latin stringere, ‘to strip off, unsheath, touch, graze slightly,’ Latin striga, ‘stroke,’ Old Slovenian strigą (strišti), ‘to shear, cut off.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/streng

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry streng. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ streng, adjective, ‘strict, severe, stern,’ from Middle High German stręnge, adjective, Old High German stręngi, ‘strong, brave, hard, unfriendly’ (to which the adverb Middle High German strange, Old High German strango, is allied); compare Old Saxon strang, Dutch streng, Anglo-Saxon and English strong, and the equivalent Old Icelandic strangr. Its connection with Strang (strenge, literally ‘tense’) has been already suggested, yet compare also Lettic stringt, ‘to grow tight, withered.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/strampeln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry strampeln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ strampeln, verb ‘to kick, struggle,’ Modern High German only, originally a Low German word; compare Dutch strompelen, ‘to stumble, stagger.’ Its early history is obscure.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/streben

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry streben. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ streben, verb, ‘to strive, struggle, endeavour,’ from Middle High German strëben, weak verb, ‘to move violently, exert oneself, contend.’ The Old High German strong verb corresponding to the non-recorded weak verb *strëbên would be *strîban (*strîfan?), as is assumed by the Romance loan-words. Compare Old French estriver, ‘to fight, wrestle,’ estrif, ‘contest,’ whence English to strive, strife, are borrowed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/stramm

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry stramm. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ stramm, adjective, ‘dense, vigorous, huge.’ Modern High German only, a Low German word; corresponding to Dutch stram, North Frisian striam, ‘bolt upright.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/strecken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry strecken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ strecken, verb, ‘to stretch, extend,’ from Middle High German stręcken, Old High German stręcchen, weak verb, ‘to straighten, make tense, extend, stretch’; corresponds to Dutch strekken, Anglo-Saxon stręččęan, English to stretch. The corresponding adjective strack (compare also Old High German stracchên, ‘to be extended’), points to a Teutonic root strak (for srak, a variant of rak in recken?), which is perhaps connected with the root of Strang and strenge. It is doubtful whether the High German cognates are borrowed from Italian straccare, ‘to exhaust, fatigue.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/strengen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry strengen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ strengen (in anstrengen), from Middle High German and Old High German stręngen, ‘to press, urge,’ is a nominal verb.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/straff

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry straff. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ straff, adjective, ‘stretched, tense, tight,’ from Middle High German (rare) straf(ff), ‘tense, strict’; probably a Low German word corresponding to Dutch straf. Its early history is, however, obscure. It has been supposed that Italian strappare, ‘to tear out,’ is borrowed from Teutonic by assuming a root strap, ‘to draw’; hence straff, literally ‘drawn tight’?.