OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Complete history of the late Mexican war/Battle of Matamoras

Layout 4
Table of Contents
BATTLE OF MATAMORAS.
General Ampudia, who had superseded Arista, arrived from the South the 11th of April and ordered General Taylor to leave in 24 hours or he should consider us as having declared war against Mexico. Taylor answered that he did not wish for 24 hours but would return an answer at 10 o'clock the next day. He told Ampudia that he was sent there by his government in a peaceful attitude and he intended to remain, and warned Ampudia against firing the first gun. Lieutenant Porter, while out in pursuit of Col. Cross, who was supposed to be killed was attacked by some Mexicans and slain. Col. Cross was afterwards found murdered. April 26th an ambush was laid for a company of our men and 2 sergeants and 8 privates were killed in an engagement with the enemy.
There was every appearance of a general and speedy attack. General Taylor sent a requisition on the governors of Louisiana and Texas for 5000 men. April 25th General Arista arrived at the scene of action. April 28th Capt. Walker's camp was attacked by Generals Torrejon and Canales, being stationed midway between Point Isalel and Matamoras. 5 of his men were killed and 4 missing, he having gone out with some of his force on a scout. April 29th it was thought that the Point was attacked as cannon was heard in that direction, and a portion of the ​army marched immediately in that direction. The report was false as there had been no attack.
May 3rd the batteries from Matamoras opened upon our camp at day-break with great energy. The battle was fierce for a while and in 30 minutes all the heavy gun batteries of the enemy were silenced by our artillery. The enemy threw many shells; but without effect.
# Complete history of the late Mexican war

Layout 4
COMPLETE HISTORY
OF THE
LATE MEXICAN WAR.
CONTAINING AN AUTHENTIC ACCOUNT
OF
ALL THE BATTLES FOUGHT
IN THAT REPUBLIC
INCLUDING
TREATY OF PEACE:
WITH A LIST OF THE KILLED AND WOUNDED.
TOGETHER WITH
A BRIEF SKETCH OF THE
LIVES OF GENERALS SCOTT AND TAYLOR.
ILLUSTRATED WITH FIFTEEN BEAUTIFUL ENGRAVINGS.
BY AN EYE-WITNESS
NEW YORK.
F. J. DOW & Co., 139 Nassau St.
1850
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2003-12-01/Chapter 2

Chapter 2
Bill of Rights
Rights
7.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Application
8.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
Equality
9.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Human dignity
10.
Life
11.
Freedom and security of the person
12.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Slavery, servitude and forced labour
13.
Privacy
14.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
​Freedom of religion, belief and opinion
15.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
Freedom of expression
16.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Assembly, demonstration, picket and petition
17.
Freedom of association
18.
Political rights
19.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
Citizenship
20.
Freedom of movement and residence
21.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Freedom of trade, occupation and profession
22.
Labour relations
23.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(5)
(6)
Environment
24.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Property
25.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Housing
26.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Health care, food, water and social security
27.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
Children
28.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(i)
(ii)
(g)
(i)
(ii)
(h)
(i)
(2)
(3)
Education
29.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
Language and culture
30.
​Cultural, religious and linguistic communities
31.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
Access to information
32.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
Just administrative action
33.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Access to courts
34.
Arrested, detained and accused persons
35.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(c)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(e)
(f)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)
(n)
(o)
(4)
(5)
Limitation of rights
36.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
States of emergency
37.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Table of Non-Derogable Rights
(6)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(7)
(8)
Enforcement of rights
38.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Interpretation of Bill of Rights
39.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2003-12-01/Chapter 5

Chapter 5
The President and National Executive
The President
83.
(a)
(b)
(c)
Powers and functions of President
84.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
Executive authority of the Republic
85.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Election of President
86.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Assumption of office by President
87.
Term of office of President
88.
(1)
(2)
Removal of President
89.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
that office, and may not serve in any public office.
Acting President
90.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Cabinet
91.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
(5)
Accountability and responsibilities
92.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
matters under their control.
Deputy Ministers
93.
(1)
(a)
(b)
to assist the members of the Cabinet, and may dismiss them.
(2)
Continuation of Cabinet after elections
94.
Oath or affirmation
95.
Conduct of Cabinet members and Deputy Ministers
96.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Transfer of functions
97.
(a)
(b)
Temporary assignment of functions
98.
Assignment of functions
99.
(a)
Cabinet member and the Executive Council member or Municipal Council;
(b)
(c)
National intervention in provincial administration
100.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
Executive decisions
101.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
Motions of no confidence
102.
(1)
(2)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2003-12-01/Chapter 8

Chapter 8
Courts and Administration of Justice
Judicial authority
165.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Judicial system
166.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
Constitutional Court
167.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(5)
(6)
(a)
(b)
(7)
Supreme Court of Appeal
168.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
High Courts
169.
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
Magistrates’ Courts and other courts
170.
Court procedures
171.
Powers of courts in constitutional matters
172.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Inherent power
173.
to develop the common law, taking into account the interests of justice.
Appointment of judicial officers
174.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Acting judges
175.
(1)
(2)
Terms of office and remuneration
176.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Removal
177.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
Judicial Service Commission
178.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Prosecuting authority
179.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(6)
(7)
Other matters concerning administration of justice
180.
(a)
(b)
(c)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2003-12-01/Chapter 13

Chapter 13
Finance
General Financial Matters
National Revenue Fund
213.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
Equitable shares and allocations of revenue
214.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
National, provincial and municipal budgets
215.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Treasury control
216.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(a)
(b)
Procurement
217.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
Government guarantees
218.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Remuneration of persons holding public office
219.
(1)
(a)
Council of Provinces, members of the Cabinet, Deputy Ministers, traditional leaders and members of any councils of traditional leaders; and
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Financial and Fiscal Commission
Establishment and functions
220.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Appointment and tenure of members
221.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(1A)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
Reports
222.
Central Bank
Establishment
223.
Primary object
224.
(1)
(2)
Powers and functions
225.
Provincial and Local Financial Matters
Provincial Revenue Funds
226.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
National sources of provincial and local government funding
227.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Provincial taxes
228.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
Municipal fiscal powers and functions
229.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(4)
(5)
Provincial loans
230.
(1)
(2)
Municipal loans
230A.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2003-12-01/Chapter 3

Chapter 3
Co-operative Government
Government of the Republic
40.
(1)
(2)
Principles of co-operative government and intergovernmental relations
41.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(v)
(vi)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(4)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2003-12-01/Chapter 7

Chapter 7
Local Government
Status of municipalities
151.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Objects of local government
152.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
Developmental duties of municipalities
153.
(a)
(b)
Municipalities in co-operative government
154.
(1)
capacity of municipalities to manage their own affairs, to exercise their powers and to perform their functions.
(2)
Establishment of municipalities
155.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(a)
(b)
(6A)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(7)
Powers and functions of municipalities
156.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
Composition and election of Municipal Councils
157.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
(6)
Membership of Municipal Councils
158.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(2)
Terms of Municipal Councils
159.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Internal procedures
160.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(6)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(7)
(8)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Privilege
161.
Publication of municipal by-laws
162.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Organised local government
163.
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Other matters
164.
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2003-12-01/Chapter 12

Chapter 12
Traditional Leaders
Recognition
211.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Role of traditional leaders
212.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/2003-12-01/Chapter 14

Chapter 14
General Provisions
International Law
International agreements
231.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Customary international law
232.
Application of international law
233.
Other matters
Charters of Rights
234.
Self-determination
235.
Funding for political parties
236.
Diligent performance of obligations
237.
Agency and delegation
238.
(a)
(b)
Definitions
239.
“national legislation” includes —
(a)
(b)
“organ of state” means —
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
but does not include a court or a judicial officer;
​“provincial legislation” includes —
(a)
(b)
Inconsistencies between different texts
240.
Transitional arrangements
241.
Repeal of laws
242.
Short title and commencement
243.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
# County of Riverside v. McLaughlin/Dissent Marshall

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinions Marshall Scalia
Justice MARSHALL, with whom Justice BLACKMUN and Justice STEVENS join, dissenting.
In Gerstein v. Pugh, 420 U.S. 103 , 95 S.Ct. 854, 43 L.Ed.2d 54 (1975), this Court held that an individual detained following a warrantless arrest is entitled to a "prompt" judicial determination of probable cause as a prerequisite to any further restraint on his liberty. See id., at 114-116, 125, 95 S.Ct., at 863-864, 868. I agree with Justice SCALIA that a probable-cause hearing is sufficiently "prompt" under Gerstein only when provided immediately upon completion of the "administrative steps incident to arrest," id., at 114, 95 S.Ct., at 863. See post, at 62-63. Because the Court of Appeals correctly held that the County of Riverside must provide probable-cause hearings as soon as it completes the administrative steps incident to arrest, see 888 F.2d 1276, 1278 (CA9 1989), I would affirm the judgment of the Court of Appeals. Accordingly, I dissent.
# County of Presidio v. Noel-Young Bond & Stock Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
212 U.S. 58
County of Presidio v. Noel-Young Bond & Stock Company
Argued and submitted December
Decided January 18, 1909.
Mr. Thomas J. Beall for petitioner.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 59-60 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Millard Patterson for respondent.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 61-63 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Harlan delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# County of Ralls v. Douglass

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
105 U.S. 728
County of Ralls v. Douglass
ERROR to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Eastern District of Missouri.
This suit was brought by Joseph M. Douglass against the County of Ralls, to recover the amount due upon certain interest coupons detached from bonds issued by the defendant in payment of its subscription to the capital stock of the St. Louis and Keokuk Railroad Company, which was incorporated by an act of the General Assembly of Missouri approved Feb. 16, 1857.
The section of the act under which the county claimed the right to subscribe is set forth in the opinion of this court in the following case, p. 733.
The bonds are sealed with the seal of the county court, tested by the clerk, and countersigned by the agent of the county. Those bearing date Feb. 10, 1870, recite that they are issued under the authority of said act, and in pursuance of an order of the county court of Feb. 8, 1870, to subscribe $200,000 to the capital stock of that company. Those bearing date June 13, 1871, differ in their recitals from the others, in stating that they are issued in pursuance of that order and of an order amendatory thereof dated June 13, 1871.
A demurrer was sustained to several of the defences set up in the answer. Upon the issues of fact the jury rendered a verdict for the plaintiff, and, judgment having been rendered thereon, the county brought this writ of error. The questions arising upon the demurrer and during the trial are stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. Henry A. Cunningham for the plaintiff in error.
Mr. John H. Overall for the defendant in error.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WAITE delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005/Division E
## DIVISION E — Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2005

    Title I — Department of the Interior
    Title II — Related Agencies
    Title III — General Provisions
    Title IV — Supplemental Appropriations for Urgent Wildland Fire Suppression Activities
    Title V — General Reduction
This division may be cited as the "Department of the Interior and Related Agencies Appropriations Act, 2005".
# Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2008/Division L
## DIVISION L—EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS FOR OPERATION ENDURING FREEDOM AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES

       Title I—Military Personnel
       Title II—Operation and Maintenance
       Title III—Procurement
       Title IV—Revolving and Management Funds
       Title V—Other Department of Defense Programs
       Title VI—General Provisions
    This division may be cited as the ``Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act for Defense, 2008´´.
# Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2005/Division J/Title IX
## TITLE IX — SATELLITE HOME VIEWER EXTENSION AND REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2004
### Section 1. Short Title; Table of Contents.

    (a) Short Titles.—
       This title may be cited as the ``Satellite Home Viewer Extension and Reauthorization Act of 2004´´ or the ``W. J. (Billy) Tauzin Satellite Television Act of 2004´´.
    (b) Table of Contents.—
       The table of contents for this Act is as follows:
          Sec. 1. Short Titles; Table of Contents.
          TITLE I — STATUTORY LICENSE FOR SATELLITE CARRIERS
             Sec. 101. Extension of Authority.
             Sec. 102. Reporting of Subscribers; Significantly Viewed and Other Signals; Technical Amendments.
             Sec. 103. Statutory License for Satellite Carriers Outside Local Markets.
             Sec. 104. Statutory License for Satellite Retransmission of Low Power Television Stations.
             Sec. 105. Definitions.
             Sec. 106. Effect on Certain Proceedings.
             Sec. 107. Statutory License for Satellite Carriers Retransmitting Superstation Signals to Commercial Establishments.
             Sec. 108. Expedited Consideration of Voluntary Agreements to Provide Satellite Secondary Transmissions to Local Markets.
             Sec. 109. Study.
             Sec. 110. Additional Study.
             Sec. 111. Special Rules.
             Sec. 112. Technical Amendment.
          TITLE II — FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION OPERATIONS
             Sec. 201. Extension of Retransmission Consent Exemption.
             Sec. 202. Cable/Satellite Comparability.
             Sec. 203. Carriage of Local Stations on a Single Dish.
             Sec. 204. Replacement of Distant Signals with Local Signals.
             Sec. 205. Additional Notices to Subscribers, Networks, and Stations Concerning Signal Carriage.
             Sec. 206. Privacy Rights of Satellite Subscribers.
             Sec. 207. Reciprocal Bargaining Obligations.
             Sec. 208. Study of Impact on Cable Television Service.
             Sec. 209. Reduction of Required Tests.
             Sec. 210. Satellite Carriage of Television Stations in Noncontiguous States.
             Sec. 211. Carriage of Television Signals to Certain Subscribers.
             Sec. 212. Digital Transition Savings Provision.
             Sec. 213. Authorizing Broadcast Service in Unserved Areas of Alaska.
# Cross v. Bruning/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
379 U.S. 202
Cross v. Bruning
The appeal is dismissed for want of jurisdiction. Treating the papers whereon the appeal was taken as a petition for a writ of certiorari, certiorari is denied.
THE CHIEF JUSTICE took no part in the consideration or decision of this case.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cross v. Allen

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
141 U.S. 528
Cross v. Allen
John H. Mitchell, for appellants.
George H. Williams and C. E. S. Wood, for appellees.
MR. JUSTICE LAMAR delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cross v. Burke

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
146 U.S. 82
Cross v. Burke
Statement by Mr. Chief Justice FULLER: William D. Cross was found guilty for the second time upon an indictment for murder in the supreme court of the District of Columbia holding a criminal term, and sentenced to death, the time of his execution being fixed for January 22, 1892. He prosecuted an appeal to the court in general term, which, on January 12, 1892, finding no error in the record, affirmed the judgment rendered at the criminal term, (20 Wash. Law Rep. 98,) and on January 21, 1892, a writ of error from this court was allowed by the chief justice of the supreme court of the district, citation was signed and served, and the time for filing the record enlarged. On the same day the execution of the sentence of death was postponed until the 10th of June, 1892, by order entered by the court in general term.
That writ of error was dismissed May 16, 1892. Cross v. U.S., 145 U.S. 571, 12 Sup. Ct. Rep. 842. May 28, 1892, Cross filed his petition in the supreme court of the District of Columbia for a writ of habeas corpus, which petition was heard in the first instance by that court in general term. The application was denied June 4, 1892, and the petition dismissed. 20 Wash. Law Rep. 389. On June 8, 1892, the court in general term allowed an appeal to this court.
C. Maurice Smith and Joseph Shellington, for appellant.
Sol. Gen. Aldrich, for appellee.
Mr. Chief Justice FULLER, after stating the facts in the foregoing language, delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cross of the South

* related portals: Australian poetry.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Traditional Australian folk song
'Twas the month of December, the year fifty four, When the men of Eureka rebelled. And the swore the flag they had made for themselves, Ever proudly aloft would be held. The miners took arms in the stockade that day, The bold word passed from mouth to mouth. "We will stand by the flag, and the stars that it bears, White stars of the Cross of the South".
The hot blood of the heroes ran fast in their veins, There was but one man they obeyed. The hero of heroes they chose from their ranks. Peter Lalor their hero they made. Peter Lalor said, "Now we must stand by our guns, Fear not the canon's fierce mouth! For I see the soldiers are gathering now To tear down the Cross of the South".
Captain Thomas charged the Eureka Stockade, Three hundred troops by his side. Fire and steel met them there and they fell back again, But the first of the miners had died. The smoke from the battle had scarce cleared away, When the soldiers came charging once more, The miners were killed as they stood 'round ther flag, Or fell from the wounds that they bore.
Bold Peter Lalor lay shot on the ground, Where the soldiers had left him for dead. And the flag that he loved lay there by his side, The white stars all stained with red. Peter Lalor he rose on his knees in the dust, Wild words poured from his mouth. "You can murder us all in black tyranny's name, But you can't kill the Cross of the South".
This work is in the public domain in Australia because it was created in Australia and the term of copyright has expired. According to Australian Copyright Council - Duration of Copyright, the following works are public domain:
* published non-government works whose author died before January 1, 1955,
* anonymous or pseudonymous works and photographs published before January 1, 1955, and
* government works published more than 50 years ago (before January 1, 1974).
This work is also in the public domain in the United States because it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days), and it was first published before 1989 without complying with U.S. copyright formalities (renewal and/or copyright notice) and it was in the public domain in Australia on the URAA date (January 1, 1996). This is the combined effect of Australia having joined the Berne Convention in 1928, and of 17 USC 104A with its critical date of January 1, 1996.
Because the Australian copyright term in 1996 was 50 years, the critical date for copyright in the United States under the URAA is January 1, 1946.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cross v. Bruning

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
379 U.S. 202
Cross v. Bruning
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse