OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Origins of the Islamic State/Part 2/Chapter 5

CHAPTER V
The Battle of Fiḥl in the Province of the Jordan
Abu-ʿUbaidah commander-in-chief. The battle of Fiḥl in the province of the Jordan was fought two days before the end of dhu-l-Ḳaʿdah and five months after the proclamation of ʿUmar ibn-al-Khaṭṭâb as caliph. The commander-in-chief was abu-ʿUbaidah ibn-al-Jarrâḥ, to whom ʿUmar had sent a letter with ʿÂmir ibn-abi-Waḳḳâṣ, a brother of Saʿd ibn-abi-Waḳḳâṣ, conferring on him the governorship of Syria and the chief command.
Some say that the appointment of abu-ʿUbaidah to the governorship of Syria was received when Damascus was under siege. Khâlid being the chief commander in time of war, abu-ʿUbaidah concealed the appointment from him for many days. When asked by Khâlid for the reason, abu-ʿUbaidah said, "I hated to dishearten thee and weaken thy position as thou stoodst facing an enemy."
Terms made after the victory. The way this battle came about was that when Heraclius came to Antioch he summoned the Greeks and the inhabitants of Mesopotamia to go forth to war, putting them under the command of one of his men in whom he trusted. These met the Moslems at Fiḥl in the province of the Jordan and a most fierce and bloody battle ensued, which ended, by Allah's help, in the victory of the Moslems. The Greek patrician with about ​10,000 men was slaughtered, and the rest of the army distributed themselves in the cities of Syria, some of them joining Heraclius. The inhabitants of Fiḥl took to the fortifications where they were besieged by the Moslems until they sought to surrender, agreeing to pay tax on their heads and kharâj on their lands. The Moslems promised them the security of life and property, agreeing not to demolish their walls. The contract was made by abu-ʿUbaidah ibn-al-Jarrâḥ, but according to others, by Shuraḥbîl ibn-Ḥasanah.
* ↑ Faḥl or Fiḥl, ancient Pella; Mémoire, p. 73.
* ↑ Ibid., p. 106.
* ↑ Ṭabari, vol. i, pp. 2146 and 2147.
# The Origins of the Islamic State/Part 2/Chapter 3

CHAPTER III
The Conquest of Buṣra
Buṣra comes to terms. When Khâlid ibn-al-Walîd at the head of the Moslems arrived in Buṣra, all the Moslems gathered against it and put Khâlid in chief command. They drew close to it and fought its patrician until he was driven with his armed men inside the town. Others assert that since Buṣra lay within the district of Damascus and, consequently under the rule and commandership of Yazîd ibn-abi-Sufyân, it was he who held the chief command. At last its people came to terms stipulating that their lives, property and children be safe, and agreeing to pay the poll-tax. According to some reporters, the inhabitants of Buṣra made terms agreeing to pay for each adult one dînâr and one jarîb of wheat.
Thus the Moslems conquered all the region of Ḥaurân [Auranitis] and subdued it.
Maʾâb surrenders. Abu-ʿUbaidah ibn-al-Jarrâḥ, at the head of a heavy detachment composed of the commanders' troops that had joined him, led the way to Maʾâb [Moab] in the district of al-Balḳâʾ where the enemy was massed. Maʾâb surrendered and made terms similar to those made by Buṣra. According to others, however, the conquest of Maʾâb was effected before that of Buṣra. Still others assert that abu-ʿUbaidah conquered Maʾâb when he was the commander of all the Moslem forces in Syria in the days of ʿUmar.
* ↑ Eski-Shâm or Old Damascus; Baedeker, Palestine and Syria, p. 201 (ed. 1894).
* ↑ Mawardi, p. 265, says that al-jarîb is a measure of land 10 × 10 rods. It is also a measure of wheat that varies in different localities.
# The Origins of the Islamic State/Part 2/Chapter 4

CHAPTER IV
The Battle of Ajnâdîn (or Ajnâdain)
The enemy routed. The battle of Ajnâdîn ensued. In this battle about 100,000 Greeks took part, the majority of whom were massed one band after the other by Heraclius [Hiraḳl], the rest having come from the neighboring districts. On that day, Heraclius was in Ḥimṣ [Emesa]. Against this army, the Moslems fought a violent battle, and Khâlid ibn-al-Walîd particularly distinguished himself. At last, by Allah's help, the enemies of Allah were routed and shattered into pieces, a great many being slaughtered.
The martyrs. Those who suffered martyrdom on that day were ʿAbdallâh ibn-az-Zubair ibn-ʿAbd-al-Muṭṭalib ibn-Hâshim, ʿAmr ibn-Saʿîd ibn-al-ʿÂṣi ibn-Umaiyah, his brother Abân ibn-Saʿîd (according to the most authentic report. Others, however, claim that Abân died in the year 29), Ṭulaib ibn-ʿUmair ibn-Wahb ibn-ʿAbd ibn-Ḳuṣai (who fought a duel with an "unbeliever" who gave him a blow that severed his right hand making his sword fall down with the palm. In this condition he was surrounded and killed by the Greeks. His mother Arwa, daughter of ʿAbd-al-Muṭṭalib, was the Prophet's aunt. His surname was abu-ʿAdi), and Salamah ibn-Hishâm ibn-al-Mughîrah. According to others, Salamah was killed at Marj aṣ-Ṣuffar. Other martyrs were: ʿIkrimah ibn-abi-Jahl ibn-Hishâm al-Makhzûmi, Habbâr ibn-Sufyân ibn-ʿAbd-al-Asad al-Makhzûmi (who, according to others, was killed in the battle of ​Muʾtah), Nuʿaim ibn-ʿAbdallâh an-Naḥḥâm al-ʿAdawi (who, according to others, was killed in the battle of al-Yarmûk), Hishûm ibn-al-ʿÂṣi ibn-Wâʾil as-Sahmi (who is also supposed by others to have been slain in the battle of al-Yarmûk), Jundub ibn-ʿAmr ad-Dausi, Saʿîd ibn-al-Ḥârith, al-Ḥârith ibn-al-Ḥârith, and al-Ḥajjâj ibn-al-Ḥârith ibn-Ḳais ibn-ʿAdi as-Sahmi. According to Hishâm ibn-Muḥammad al-Kalbi, an-Naḥḥam was killed in the battle of Muʾtah.
Saʿîd ibn-al-Ḥârith ibn-Ḳais was slain in the battle of al-Yarmûk; Tamîm ibn-al-Ḥârith, in the battle of Ajnâdîn; his brother, ʿUbaidallâh ibn ʿAbd-al-Asad, in al-Yarmûk; and al-Ḥârith ibn-Hishâm ibn-al-Mughîrah, in Ajnâdîn.
Heraclius flees to Antioch. When the news of this battle came to Heraclius, his heart was filled with cowardice and he was confounded. Consequently, he took to flight to Antioch [Anṭâkiyah] from Ḥimṣ [Emesa]. It was mentioned by someone that his flight from Ḥimṣ to Antioch coincided with the advance of the Moslems to Syria. This battle of Ajnâdîn took place on Monday twelve days before the end of Jumâda I, year 13. Some, however, say two days after the beginning of Jumâda II, and others two days before its end.
After that, the Greeks massed an army at Yâḳûṣah which was a valley with al-Fauwârah at its mouth. There the Moslems met them, dispelled them and put them to flight with a great slaughter. Their remnants fled to the cities of Syria. The death of abu-Bakr took place in Jumâda II, year 13, and the Moslems received the news in al-Yâḳûṣah.
* ↑ Mémoire, p. 50 seq.; Skizzen, vol. vi, p. 54.
* ↑ Mémoire, p. 64.
# The Origins of the Islamic State/Part 2/Chapter 14

CHAPTER XIV
The Samaritans
The terms made by abu-ʿUbaidah. Hishâm ibn-ʿAmmâr from Ṣafwân ibn-ʿAmr:—Abu-ʿUbaidah ibn-al-Jarrâḥ made terms with the Samaritans in the provinces of the Jordan and Palestine, who acted as spies and guides for the Moslems, stipulating that they pay tax on their persons but nothing on their lands. When Yazîd ibn-Muʿâwiyah, however, assumed power he assessed kharâj on their lands.
The tax imposed by Yazîd. I was informed by certain men well versed in the conditions of the Jordan and Palestine that Yazîd ibn-Muʿâwiyah assessed kharâj on the lands of the Samaritans in the Jordan, and levied on every man two dînârs as poll-tax. He also assessed kharâj on their lands in Palestine and levied five dînârs on every man.
Sects. The Samaritans are Jews and are divided into two classes, one is called ad-Dustân [Dositheans] and the other al-Kûshân.
Their lands become crown-land. There was in Palestine in the early part of the caliphate of ar-Rashîd a devastating plague which in some cases would attack all the members of a household. As a result, their land was rendered waste and useless. Ar-Rashîd put it in charge of some who cultivated it and [by gifts] attracted the farmers and tenants into it, thus making it crown domains. In these places the ​Samaritans lived. One of those villages called Bait-Mâma, which lay in the district of Nâbulus and whose inhabitants were Samaritans, made a complaint in the year to the effect that they were poor and unable to pay the five-dînâr kharâj, upon which al-Mutawakkil gave orders that it be reduced again to three.
Muʿâwiyah spares the hostages. Hishâm ibn-ʿAmmâr from Ṣafwân ibn-ʿAmr and Saʿîd ibn-ʿAbd-al-ʿAzîz:—The Greeks made peace with Muʿâwiyah with the stipulation that he pay them a certain sum of money. Muʿâwiyah took hostages from them and held them in Baʿlabakk. The Greeks proved perfidious to Muʿâwiyah, but still the Moslems did not consider it legal to put the hostages in their hands to death; and so they set them free, saying, "Loyalty against perfidy is better than perfidy against perfidy." According to Hishâm, al-Auzâʿi, among other authorities, maintains the same view.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Marsh, George Perkins

See also George Perkins Marsh on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Marsh, George Perkins, an American philologist and diplomat, was born at Woodstock, Vermont, March 15, 1801, and died at Vallombrosa, Italy, July, 24, 1882.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Marshmallow

See also Althaea officinalis on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Marsh'mallow, a class of plants with showy flowers, natives of Europe and Asia. The common marshmallow grows in salt marshes on our eastern coast. The whole plant is wholesome, abounding in fiber, mucilage, starch and sugary matter, though the mucilage is chiefly in the roots. The famous confection, marshmallow paste, is made from the roots. The plant is a close relative of the hollyhock, bushy and leafy, and grows to a height of from two to four feet. The downy leaves are broad, alternate, ovate or heart-shaped. The flowers grow in clusters and are of a pale rose-color, blooming in August and September.
# The New Student's Reference Work/March, Francis Andrew

See also Francis March on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Francis Andrew March, an American philologist and scholar, was born at Millbury, Mass., Oct. 25, 1825. He graduated at Amherst College in 1845, where he was tutor for two years. After studying law and teaching for three years, he became instructor at Lafayette College, where he has since taught, from 1858 being professor of the English language and comparative philosophy. Professor March ranks as one of the first American philologists. He has published An Anglo-Saxon Grammar, A Method of Philological Study of the English Language and A Thesaurus of the English Language jointly with F. A. March, Jr.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Marshall, John

See also John Marshall on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
* JOHN MARSHALL
Mar'shall, John, chief-justice of the United States, was born in Fauquier County, Va., Sept. 24, 1755. His law-studies were interrupted by the Revolution, and he served in the army under his father from 1775 to 1779. In 1781 he began to practice law, and soon rose to the head of the Virginian bar. He was a member of the Virginian house of burgesses, the state legislature and the state convention that adopted the constitution. He was sent to France with Pinckney and Gerry as envoys in 1797, and with Pinckney was ordered to leave the country when they had declined Tallyrand's request for a loan. In 1799 he was elected to Congress, and in 1800 became secretary of state. He was made chief-justice of the United States in 1801, holding his position till his death on July 6, 1835. His decisions are considered authoritative on all matters of constitutional law. He wrote a Life of Washington. See Life by Magruder in the American Statesmen Series.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Marshall, Thomas Riley

See also Thomas R. Marshall on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Marshall, Thomas Riley, elected Vice President with Mr. Wilson on the Democratic ticket in 1912, was born at North Manchester, Indiana, March 14, 1854. He graduated at Wabash College in 1873 and was admitted to the bar in 1874. He took an active part in politics and was elected governor of Indiana in 1908. He belongs to the progressive element of his party, but pointed out in an interesting contribution to the Atlantic Monthly, on “The Automatic Citizen,” the danger of attempting reform by too much legislation. He is a grand-nephew of John Marshall, Chief Justice of the United States, and a descendant of Charles Carroll, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Marshalltown

See also Marshalltown, Iowa on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Mar'shalltown, the county-seat of Marshall County, Ia., near Iowa River, 50 miles northeast of Des Moines, with a large trade in grain. It also has foundries, machine-shops and manufactories of soap, flour, oil and wire-fencing, furnaces, engines, scales, brick and tile. Besides, it has a pork-packery. Population 12,100.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Marston, Philip Bourke

See also Philip Bourke Marston on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Mar'ston, Philip Bourke, one of the best-known of the younger late-day English poets, was born at London in 1850. Philip was a pretty child, and it was to him that his godmother, the author of John Halifax, addressed her well-known poem beginning:
* Look at me with thy large brown eyes, Philip, my king.
Yet those handsome eyes went out into utter darkness, the result of a blow on one of them, got in a baby romp when Philip was but three. The blind boy began to write when he had hardly left off his bibs. At his father's house he met and well knew Browning, Swinburne, Dickens, Miss Muloch, Rossetti and many others. When of age his first book was published, Song Tide, sung in praise of his sweetheart. Three years later appeared his second book, All in All, telling of his great grief for the death of this same betrothed. His last volume, Wind Voices, is considered his best. Marston's poetry has pleased readers and critics alike, and much of it will live and be remembered. Marston died on Feb. 13, 1887.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Marston Moor

See also Battle of Marston Moor on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Mar'ston Moor, an historic plain, seven miles west of York, England, was the scene of a great victory of the parliamentary forces on July 2, 1644 over the royalist army of Charles I in the Civil War. Twenty-two thousand royalists were led by Prince Rupert. The parliamentary troops were under the Earl of Manchester, Cromwell and Crawford, in all 15,000 foot and 9,000 horse. The royalists fled, leaving 4,000 men dead on the field. This victory gave the whole north to the parliament, and first brought Cromwell into notice. See S. R. Gardiner's History of the Civil War.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Martial, Marcus Valerius Martialis

See also Martial on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Mar′tial, Marcus Valerius Martialis, one of the finest among the few Latin poets who did not borrow from the Greeks and the greatest of all epigrammatists in verse, was born at Bilbilis, Spain, March 1, 38 or 41 A. D. After studying at home he went to Rome, where Piso, Seneca and other leading men became his patrons. After 34 years in Rome the younger Pliny lent him money enough to go back to Spain, for which he was homesick. Here, at Bilbilis, a new patron gave him an estate on which, with its grove, fountain, vineyard, garden, fishpond and dovecote, he spent the remainder of his life comfortably. As an epigrammatist he remains without an equal. He lifts the veil from the Rome of the time of Domitian and shows it mainly on its seamy side, with a likeness to life not outdone by the engravings of Hogarth. Martial died in 104 A. D.
# The People of the Black Circle

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, Wikidata item.
Serial releases:
* Part 1 of 3 in Weird Tales (September 1934, vol. 24, no. 3)
* Part 2 of 3 in Weird Tales (October 1934, vol. 24, no. 4) (transcription project)
* Part 3 of 3 in Weird Tales (November 1934, vol. 24, no. 5) (transcription project)

## Contents

* Chapter I: Death Strikes a King
* Chapter II: A Barbarian from the Hills
* Chapter III: Khemsa Uses Magic
* Chapter IV: An Encounter in the Pass
* Chapter V: The Black Stallion
* Chapter VI: The Mountain of the Black Seers
* Chapter VII: On to Yimsha
* Chapter VIII: Yasmina Knows Stark Terror
* Chapter IX: The Castle of the Wizards
* Chapter X: Yasmina and Conan
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was legally published within the United States (or the United Nations Headquarters in New York subject to Section 7 of the United States Headquarters Agreement) before 1964, and copyright was not renewed.
* For Class A renewal records (books only) published between 1923 and 1963, check the Stanford University Copyright Renewal Database.
* For other renewal records of publications between 1922–1950, see the University of Pennsylvania copyright records.
* For all records since 1978, search the U.S. Copyright Office records.
Works published in 1934 could have had their copyright renewed in 1961 or 1962, i.e. between January 1st of the 27th year after publication or registration and December 31st of the 28th year. As this work's copyright was not renewed, it entered the public domain on January 1st, 1963.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1936, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 87 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
It is imperative that contributors ascertain that there is no evidence of a copyright renewal before using this license. Failure to do so will result in the deletion of the work as a copyright violation.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Bishop Gore Ends Tour

Layout 2
BISHOP GORE ENDS TOUR.
Announces in Trinity He Will Return to England Soon.
The Right Rev. Charles Gore, Bishop of Oxford, delivered his last sermon in this country in Trinity Church yesterday, and announced that he would return to England soon. In speaking of the changes caused by the war, he said that while Americans could live under conditions similar to those prevailing before the war, everything would be changed in England and other European countries. He prophesied that organized labor "would be a great factor in determining the conduct of society in the future."
At a meeting in Cooper Union last night he emphasized the need for a league of nations, and spoke of the great problems in reconstruction.
"If after this war the countries of Europe are permitted to maintain themselves as armed camps, civilization will go down in ruin," he said. "There must be over all nations a higher power to maintain and force peace. We must find some other means than universal military service for training men for sacrifice and service."
"The nearer we approach this reconstruction period the more appaling its difficulties become," he said. "I believe the Labor Party of England may put into effect its plans of reconstruction, and I consider its program a masterful document."
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Bolsheviki Blow Up Train

Layout 2
BOLSHEVIKI BLOW UP TRAIN
Six Killed and Eighteen Wounded, Guns and Munitions Destroyed.
HARBIN, Nov. 8, (Associated Press.)—It is reported that a train of forty-two cars carrying ammunition, grenades, and twelve Japanese guns, dispatched from Harbin recently for the Volga front, has been blown up between Irkutsk and Krasnovarsk.
One French officer, two French soldiers, and three Czechs were killed, while eighteen Czechs were wounded. Bolsheviki railroad men are charged with being responsible for the blowing up of the train.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Austria Sends Back 250,000 Italians

Layout 2
AUSTRIA SENDS BACK 250,000 ITALIANS
Released Prisoners Say They Found Little Violence, Except in Hunger Strikes.
ITALIAN ARMY HEADQUARTERS IN NORTHERN ITALY, Nov. 10, (Associated Press.)—More than a quarter of a million Italian prisoners of war held in Austria have been returned to Italy. Sick and wounded men will be returned later by way of Switzerland.
The repatriated soldiers say that violent conditions are not prevalent in Austria, except disorders due to hunger strikes. They declare that the civilians desire heartily to see the return of their own men home. The soldiers in Austria are indifferent or else express happiness that the war is over.
Italian officers returning from Austria express the opinion that for the present there will be no disturbances in Austria like those in Russia.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Bank for Italian Trade

Layout 2
BANK FOR ITALIAN TRADE.
Italian Discount and Trust Company to Open Its Doors Today.
The Italian Discount and Trust Company, incorporated under the laws of New York State with a capital of $500,000 and a surplus of $250,000, which was organized recently under the auspices of the Guaranty Trust Company and the Banca Italiana Disconto, will begin the transaction of a general banking and trust company business at 399 Broadway this morning, special attention being given to Italian export and import trade.
George P. Kennedy, formerly assistant treasurer of the Guaranty Trust Company, is President of the new bank and G. Biasutti, manager of the Florence branch of the Banca Italiana Disconto, is Vice President. Among the directors are Alexander J. Hemphill, Eugene W. Stetson, Harry Lawton, and Theodore Rousseau of teh Guaranty Trust Company; Comm. Angelo Pogliani, Managing Director of the Banca Italiana Disconto; Emanuel Gorli, Judge John J. Freachl, Mr. Kennedy, and Mr. Biasutty.
The Banca Ialiana Disconto, with which the Company is affiliated, is among the leading banks of Italy, having 70 branches in that country. Gugilelmo Marconi, inventor of wireless telegraphy, is chairman of its board of directors.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Bankruptcy Sales

Layout 2
BANKRUPTCY SALES.
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE United States for the Southern District of New York—In Bankruptcy.
In the matter of ANDREW SHELIANI & MARY BORGATI, individually and as co-partners trading as SAGLIANI & Co., Bankrupt.—Chas. Shongood, U.S. Auctioneer for the Southern District of New York in bankruptcy, sells, this day, Monday, Nov. 11, 1918, by order of the Court, at 10:30 A.M., at 662 East 187th Street, Borough of Bronx, assets of the above bankrupt, consisting of Italian Groceries, delicatessens, scale, slicing machine, fixtures, etc.
PHINEAS LEWINSON, Receiver. ZALKIN & COHEN, Attorneys for Receiver. 51 Chambers Street, New York.
IN THE DISTRICT COURT OF THE United States for the Southern District of New York—In Bankruptcy.
In the matter of ABRAHAM J. ESSNER and MAX ESSNER, doing business as ESSNER BROS., Bankrupt.—Chas. Shongood, U.S. Auctioneer for the Southern District of New York in bankruptcy, sells Monday, Nov. 18, 1918, by order of the Court, at 10:30 A.M., at 82 Columbia Street, Borough of Manhattan, assets of the above bankrupt, consisting of Threads, Trimmings, Desk, fixtures, etc.
WILLIAM MICHAEL BYRNE, Receiver. MAX MILLER, Attorney for Receiver. 125 Broadway, New York.