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# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Anderson, Alexander

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​ANDERSON. (Lieut., 1842. f-p., 14; h-p., 1.)
Alexander Anderson entered the Navy 18 July, 1832; passed his examination 17 Sept. 1838; and, as Mate of the Blonde 42, Capt. Thos. Bourchier, was afterwards most actively employed on the coast of China. During the hostilities in that quarter he served in the boats at the capture of several rafts, and of the last fort protecting the approaches to Canton, 13 March, 1841; took a similar part in the ensuing capture of that city; was officially mentioned by Capt. Bourchier, on the occasion of the capture of Amoy, 26 Aug. following, as a “young officer of much promise;” and on 10 Oct. commanded a gun-boat at the reduction of Chinghae. In 1842 he assisted on shore, under Capt. Bourchier, in the operations at Tze-kee, the storming of Chapoo, and the attack on the batteries of Woosung. In acknowledgment of these services, Mr. Anderson was awarded a commission dated 23 Dec. 1842. His appointments have since been – 26 Jan. 1844, to the Cornwallis 72, flag-ship of Sir Wm. Parker – and, 29 July following, as First Lieutenant, to the Samarang 26, surveying-vessel, Capt. Sir Edw. Belcher, both employed on the East India station, whence he is now on his return.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1841, pp. 1503, 1505; and Gaz. 1842, pp. 84, 397.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1842, pp. 2391, 3694, 3399.
* ↑ Vide Gaz. 1842, p. 3821.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Anderson, James (d)

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​ANDERSON. (Lieut., 1816. f-p., 13; h-p., 31.)
James Anderson (d) entered the Navy, 14 Sept. 1803, as a Volunteer, on board the Ulysses 44, Capt. Edw. Henry Columbine, on the West India station. He there became Midshipman, in April, 1804, of the Express, Lieut.-Commanders Glanville, Swiney, Spearing, and Senhouse; and, in Jan. 1809, Master’s Mate of the Savage 16, Capts. Wm. Robilliard and Wm. Ferrie. After a further servitude of two years and four months in the Favorite and Recruit sloops, Capts. Benj. Clement and Humphrey Fleming Senhouse (by the latter of whom he appears to have been constituted Prize Master of a captured vessel), and in the Salvador del Mundo, flag-ship of Sir Robt. Calder, all on the Home station, Mr. Anderson was appointed Master’s Mate, 3 Sept. 1812, of the Landrail cutter, of 4 twelve-pounder carronades and 19 men, Lieut.-Commanders John Hill and Robt. Dan. Lancaster. On 12 July, 1814, the latter vessel, after two hours of hard fighting, in which seven of her men were wounded, was unfortunately taken by the American privateer schooner Syren, mounting 7 comparatively heavy guns, with a complement of 75 men, 3 of whom were killed and 15 wounded. During the remainder of the war, Mr. Anderson was in consequence confined in an American prison. Being then released, he became successively attached to the Tonnant 80, bearing the flag at Bermuda of Hon. Sir Alex. Cochrane, and Prince, Queen Charlotte, and Bulwark, flag-ships on the Home station of Sir. Edw. Thornbrough and Sir Chas. Rowley. Since his promotion, which took place 1 May, 1816, he has been on half-pay. Agent – J. Hinxman.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Anderson, William

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​ANDERSON. (Retired Commander, 1817.)
William Anderson (a) was made a Lieutenant, 24 April, 1782; and retired with the rank of Commander, 12 July, 1817.
He is third on the list.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Andrews, Benjamin

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​ANDREWS. (Lieut., 1814. f-p., 11; h-p., 31.)
Benjamin Andrews was born, 28 Dec. 1794, in London.
This officer entered the Navy, 4 Oct. 1805, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Savage 16, Capts. Jas. Wilkes Maurice, Wm. Robilliard, and Wm. Perrie. During a servitude of more than five years in that sloop he assisted, as Midshipman, at the capture, in 1808, of the Spanish privateer Don Quixote, and was present at the reduction, in 1809-10, of the islands of Martinique and Guadeloupe. After a further attachment to the Curieux 16, and Theseus 74, Capts. Colin Campbell and Wm. Prowse, in the latter of which ships we find him employed in escorting the East India trade, Mr. Andrews, about the end of 1813, became Master’s Mate of the Hebbus, of 42 guns and 284 men, Capt. Edm. Palmer, under whom, on 27 March, 1814, he commanded the forecastle guns, and received three severe contusions at the capture of the French frigate L’Etoile, of 44 guns and 315 men, which surrendered after a close and obstinate combat of two hours and a quarter, that cost the British a loss of 13 men killed and 25 wounded, and the enemy of 40 killed and 73 wounded. He afterwards, while in the same ship, assisted in landing a body of troops up the Patuxent, witnessed the destruction of Commodore Barney’s flotilla, and was further present at the re-embarkation of the army after the capture of Washington. In Nov. 1814, having been promoted to the rank of Lieutenant on 27 of the previous May, Mr. Andrews joined the Wasp 18, Capt. John Fisher, on the Halifax station, where he continued until Sept. 1815. He next, from 7 Nov. 1818, to 4 Feb. 1819, served in the Coast Blockade as Supernumerary-Lieutenant of the Severn 40, Capt. Wm. M‘Culloch, but since the latter date has been on half-pay.
He married 28 Aug. 1826. Agents – Goode and Lawrence.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Anderson, James (a)

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​ANDERSON. (Commander, 1823. f-p., 15; h-p., 31.)
James Anderson (a) entered the Navy, in Jan. 1801, as A.B., on board the Blenheim 74, Capt. Peter Turner Bover, bearing the flag in the North Sea of Sir Arch. Dickson. From June, 1802, until March, 1807, he served as Midshipman, on the East India station, of La Concorde and Phaeton frigates, both commanded by Capt. John Wood. He then became Acting-Lieutenant of the Sceptre 74, Capt. Joseph Bingham; and on being confirmed, 24 June, 1808, was appointed to the Christian VII. 80, Capts. Joseph Sydney Yorke, John Hancock, and Woodley Losack, flag-ship for some time of Sir Edw. Pellew, off Flushing. Following the last-mentioned officer, in May, 1811, into the Caledonia 120, Mr. Anderson, who continued in that ship until the conclusion of the war, served in the two partial actions with the French fleet, off Toulon, 5 Nov. 1813, and 13 Feb. 1814. His subsequent appointments were – 1 June, 1822, as First Lieutenant, to the Albion 74, Capt. Sir Wm. Hoste, guard-ship at Portsmouth – and, 30 April, 1823, in a similar capacity, to the Revenge 74, bearing the flag in the Mediterranean of Sir Harry Burrard Neale. He was promoted to the rank he now holds 25 Nov. following, but has not since been afloat.
Commander Anderson became a widower 31 May, 1845.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Anderson, James (b)

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​ANDERSON. (Commander, 1842. f-p., 30; h-p., 9.)
James Anderson (b) is brother, of Wm. Geo. Anderson, Esq., Assistant-Paymaster-General, and of Chas. Henry Anderson, Esq., Cashier in the General Register Office.
This officer entered the Navy, 17 Sept. 1808, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Royal William, Capt. Hon. Courtenay Boyle, flag-ship at Spithead of Admiral Geo. Montagu; and while afterwards serving in the Myrtle 18, Capts. Thos. Innes and Clement Sneyd, contributed to the capture of two slave ​vessels on the coast of Africa. In May, 1812, he became Midshipman of the Barfleur 98, Capt. Sir Thos. Masterman Hardy, bearing the flag off Lisbon of Hon. Geo. Cranfield Berkeley, with the former of whom he removed, towards the close of the same year, to the Ramillies 74. In that ship Mr. Anderson took an active part in the chief operations of the American war, including the blockade of Commodore Decatur’s squadron in New London, the attacks upon Washington, Baltimore, and New Orleans, and the bombardment of Stonington. He also, among other detached services, assisted, in the boats of the Ramillies and of a squadron, at the capture, 14 Dec. 1814, on Lake Borgne, of five American gun-boats under Commodore Jones, which did not surrender until the British, after a fierce contest, had been occasioned a loss of 17 men killed and 77 wounded. Between Nov. 1815, and 1817, in which year he passed his examination, Mr. Anderson was next employed in the Malta 80, and Rivoli 74, commanded at Plymouth and Portsmouth by Capts. Sir Chas. Ogle and Aiskew Paffard Hollis. Until March, 1822, he afterwards served as Admiralty Midshipman, chiefly on the South America station, in the Cherokee 10, Capt. Theobald Jones, Owen Glendower 42, Capt. Hon. Robt. Cavendish Spencer, and Superb 74, and Creole 42, bearing each the broad pendant of his old Commander, Sir T. M. Hardy. He then in succession joined, as Acting-Lieutenant, the Alacrity 10, Capt. Hon. Fred. Spencer, Doris 42, Capt. Fred. Edw. Venables Vernon, and Beaver 10, Capts. Thos. Bourchier and Wm. Townshend Dance. Quitting the latter vessel in Oct. 1823, Mr. Anderson (who had been officially promoted on 1 of the previous March) was subsequently appointed – 10 March, 1826, as First Lieutenant, to the Cadmus 10, Capts. Chas. Hallowell and Chas. Gordon – 23 June,1827, to the Ganges 84, flag-ship of Sir Robt. Waller Otway, on the Brazilian station – in 1830-1, as Senior, to the Britomart and Savage sloops, both commanded by Lord Edw. Russell, on the coast of Ireland – 18 July, 1833, to the Coast Guard – and, 3 Feb. 1837, to the Howe 120, in which ship, under the successive flags of Sir R. W. Otway and Sir Fras. Mason, he served for five years as First Lieutenant, at the Nore, and in the Mediterranean. He was at length advanced to his present rank 25 Feb. 1842; and, since 14 Dec. 1844, has been in command of the Ranger sloop, on the coast of Africa.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bianchi, Signora

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bianchi, Francesco (composer)

From volume 1 of the work.
[ M. C. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bigonsi

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bigot, Marie

From volume 1 of the work.
​BIGOT, Marie (née Kiene), born at Colmar, Alsace, March 3, 1786; in 1804 married Mr. Bigot, librarian to Count Rasumoffsky, and accompanied him to Vienna. Here she made the acquaintance of Haydn, Salieri, and Beethoven, and found much enjoyment in their society. The first time she played to Haydn (then 72 or 73) the old man was so delighted as to embrace her, and to say 'My dear child, that music is not mine; it is yours!' and on the book from which she had been playing he wrote '20th Feb. 1805; this day has Joseph Haydn been happy.' Beethoven also, after she had played to him a sonata of his own, is reported to have said 'that is not exactly the reading I should have given; but go on, if it is not quite myself, it is something better.' These anecdotes are given by Fétis, who may be presumed to have heard them from Madame Bigot herself. On May 1, 1805, she played at the opening concert of the Augarten, and the report of the 'Allg. musik. Zeitung' characterises her playing as pleasing and often delicate and refined—a verdict which hardly bears out the expressions attributed to Haydn and Beethoven. A letter of Beethoven's, however, first published by Otto Jahn and reprinted by Thayer ('Beethoven.' ii. 337), puts his relations to her family beyond doubt; and there is no reason to disbelieve the picturesque anecdote related by Nohl (Beethoven, ii. 246) of her having played the 'Sonata appassionata' at sight from the autograph.
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bibl, Andreas

From volume 1 of the work.
[ C. F. P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bierey, Gottlob

From volume 1 of the work.
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bifaria

From volume 1 of the work.
​BIFARIA. A name affixed to a quick movement in 3-bar rhythm in an 'Invention' or suite ascribed to J. S. Bach. (See Peters' 'Thematic Catalogue,' Anhang i. series 3). The name suggests the Pifara, but there is nothing in the piece itself like pipe-music.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bianchi, Francesco (singer)

From volume 1 of the work.
[ J. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Biber, Heinrich

From volume 1 of the work.
​BIBER, Heinrich Johann Franz von, a celebrated German violin-player and composer, born at Warthenberg in Bohemia about 1638, and died in 1698 at Salzburg, where he occupied the double post of high steward and conductor of music at the court of the Prince-Archbishop. His reputation as a performer and composer was very great, and the Emperor Leopold was so delighted with him that he not only presented him with a gold chain and a considerable sum of money, but also raised him to the rank of a nobleman. We, who have to form our estimate of Biber's merits and of his place in the history of violin-playing from those of his compositions which have come down to us, may well contend that his is the first German violin music of any artistic worth at all. At that period the art of violin-playing and the style of composing for the instrument in Germany were entirely under the influence of Italy. Unfortunately the earliest German violinists appear to be more connected with Farina and his school than with Vitali, Torelli, and Veracini. Thus we find the works of J. J. Walther (see that name), a contemporary of Biber, who enjoyed a great reputation in Germany, chiefly consisting, like those of Farina, of unconnected phrases, equally void of musical ideas and form, apparently invented to show off the performer's skill in execution, and often only devoted to crude and childish imitation of natural sounds. Although Biber can not be pronounced free from the faults of his German contemporaries—since his forms are often vague and his ideas somewhat aphoristic—still his sonatas contain some pieces which not only exhibit a well-defined form, but also contain fine and deeply-felt ideas, and a style which, though nearly related to that of the best Italians of his time, has something characteristically German in its grave and pathetic severity. Altogether Biber represents an immense progress in the art of violin-playing in Germany. That his powers of execution were very considerable we must conclude from his mode of writing for the violin, which presupposes great proficiency in the playing of double stops as well as dexterity in bowing. It is also worth notice that he appears to have been the first occasionally to modify the usual way of tuning the instrument. In two of his sonatas the violin must be tuned thus:—
The following compositions of his have been published:—(1) Six sonatas for violin with figured ​bass; Salzburg, 1681. (The sixth of these was recently edited by F. David in his 'Hohe Schule des Violinspiels.') (2) Fidicinium sacro-profanum, a set of twelve sonatas in four and five parts; Nürnberg no date. (3) Harmonia artificiosa, a collection of seven partitas or suites for three instruments; Nürnberg, no date. (4) A set of sonatas; Salzburg, 1676. (5) Vesperae longiores ac breviores for 4 voices, 2 violins, 2 violas, and 3 trombones ad libitum; Salzburg, 1693. There is also a 'Dramma Musicale' of his in MS. in the museum at Salzburg.
[ P. D. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Bicinium

​BICINIUM (Lat. bis and canere), described by Walther as 'a two-part song,' is an obsolete name formerly used in Germany for any short two-part composition. In the preface to Rhau's 'Secundus Tomus Biciniorum' (1545), he uses as an equivalent the Greek δίφωνα: 'Nec video quomodo Tyrones canendo melius exerceri possint, quam si hæc δίφωνα illis proponantur, Sunt præterea ad omnia instrumenta valde accomoda.' The title-page of Lindner's 'Bicinia Sacra' (1591) is in both Latin and German, the latter translating 'Bicinia' by 'Zweystimmige Gesänglein,' though the above extract from Rhau's preface proves sufficiently that the term was not confined to vocal music only. 'Tricinium,' which is more rarely found, is an obsolete term for a short three-part composition. The following are the chief collections of Bicinia and Tricinia mentioned by Eitner and other editors:—
[ W. B. S. ]
* ↑ A copy is in the British Museum.
* ↑ The bass has a different title.
# A Russian Garland of Fairy Tales

* related portals: Russia, Children's fairy tales, Folklore.
* sister projects: Commons category, Wikidata item.
"Robert Steele (1860-1944) was a British scholar, best known for editing between c. 1905 and 1941 the 16-volume Opera hactenus inedita Rogeri Bacon." Warning: template has been deprecated.
See Discussion page for information on the Russian texts.
(Improve this image)
THE RUSSIAN GARLAND
The horse grew restive, reared higher than the waving forest.
Page 18.
THE RUSSIAN GARLAND
OF FAIRY TALES
BEING RUSSIAN FOLK LEGENDS: TRANS-
LATED FROM A COLLECTION OF CHAP-
BOOKS MADE IN MOSCOW
Edited by
ROBERT STEELE
Illustrations by
R. DE ROSCISZEWSKI
NEW YORK
ROBERT M. McBRIDE & COMPANY 1916
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1944, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 79 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Russian's Prayer for his Horse, before going into Battle

"Also for these that with us bear"
* Coates, Florence Earle (1915), "A Russian's Prayer for his Horse, before going into Battle" in Friends' Intelligencer (25 December 1915).
* Coates, Florence Earle (1916), "A Russian's Prayer for his Horse, before going into Battle" in Poems II.

## References

* ↑ View this version at Google Books.
# A Letter to the Speaker of the House and President pro tempore of the Senate Consistent with the War Powers Resolution

Published 2021-02-27
Dear Madam Speaker: (Dear Mr. President:)
At my direction, on February 25, 2021, United States forces conducted a targeted military strike against infrastructure in eastern Syria used by Iran-supported non-state militia groups.
Those non-state militia groups were involved in recent attacks against United States and Coalition personnel in Iraq, including the February 15, 2021, attack in Erbil, Iraq, which wounded one United States service member, wounded four United States contractors, including one critically, and killed one Filipino contractor. These groups are also engaged in ongoing planning for future such attacks.
In response, I directed this military action to protect and defend our personnel and our partners against these attacks and future such attacks. The United States always stands ready to take necessary and proportionate action in self-defense, including when, as is the case here, the government of the state where the threat is located is unwilling or unable to prevent the use of its territory by non-state militia groups responsible for such attacks.
I directed this military action consistent with my responsibility to protect United States citizens both at home and abroad and in furtherance of United States national security and foreign policy interests, pursuant to my constitutional authority to conduct United States foreign relations and as Commander in Chief and Chief Executive. The United States took this action pursuant to the United States’ inherent right of self-defense as reflected in Article 51 of the United Nations Charter.
I am providing this report as part of my efforts to keep the Congress fully informed, consistent with the War Powers Resolution (Public Law 93-148). I appreciate the support of the Congress in this action.
Sincerely,
JOSEPH R. BIDEN JR.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Library Primer (1899)

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Commons category, Wikidata item.
Original dedication: "To Samuel S. Green, William I. Fletcher, and Charles A. Cutter."
* Preface
* Chapter I, The beginning—Library law
* Chapter II, Preliminary work
* Chapter III, What does a public library do for a community?
* Chapter IV, General policy of the library
* Chapter V, Trustees
* Chapter VI, The librarian
* Chapter VII, The trained librarian
* Chapter VIII, Rooms, building, fixtures, furniture
* Chapter IX, Things needed in beginning work
* Chapter X, The Library Bureau
* Chapter XI, Selecting books
* Chapter XII, Reference books for a small library
* Chapter XIII, Reference work
* Chapter XIV, Reading room
* Chapter XV, List of periodicals
* Chapter XVI, Buying books
* Chapter XVII, Ink and handwriting
* Chapter XVIII, Care of books
* Chapter XIX, Accessioning
* Chapter XX, Classifying
* Chapter XXI, Decimal classification
* Chapter XXII, Expansive classification
* Chapter XXIII, Author numbers or book marks
* Chapter XXIV, Shelf list
* Chapter XXV, Cataloging
* Chapter XXVI, Preparing books for the shelf
* Chapter XXVII, Binding and mending
* Chapter XXVIII, Pamphlets
* Chapter XXIX, Public documents
* Chapter XXX, Checking the library
* Chapter XXXI, Lists, bulletins, and printed catalogs
* Chapter XXXII, Charging systems
* Chapter XXXIII, Meeting the public
* Chapter XXXIV, The public library for the public
* Chapter XXXV, Advice to a librarian
* Chapter XXXVI, The librarian as a host
* Chapter XXXVII, Making friends for the library
* Chapter XXXVIII, Public libraries and recreation
* Chapter XXXIX, Books as useful tools
* Chapter XL, Village library successfully managed
* Chapter XLI, Rules for the public
* Chapter XLII, Rules for trustees and employés
* Chapter XLIII, Reports
* Chapter XLIV, Library legislation
* Chapter XLV, A. L. A. and other library associations
* Chapter XLVI, Library schools and classes
* Chapter XLVII, Library department of N. E. A.
* Chapter XLVIII, Young people and the schools
* Chapter XLIX, How can the library assist the school
* Chapter L, Children's room
* Chapter LI, Schoolroom libraries
* Chapter LII, Children's home libraries
* Chapter LIII, Literary clubs and libraries
* Chapter LIV, Museums, lectures, etc.
* Chapter LV, Rules for the care of photographs
# A Library Primer (1899)/Chapter II

Often it is not well to lay great plans and invoke state aid at the very outset. Make a beginning, even though it be small, is a good general rule. This beginning, however petty it seems, will give a center for further effort, and will furnish practical illustrations for the arguments one may wish to use in trying to interest people in the movement.
Each community has different needs, and begins its library under different conditions. Consider then, whether you need most a library devoted chiefly to the work of helping the schools, or one to be used mainly for reference, or one that shall run largely to periodicals and be not much more than a reading room, or one particularly attractive to girls and women, or one that shall not be much more than a cheerful resting-place, attractive enough to draw man and boy from street corner and saloon. Decide this question early, that all effort may be concentrated to one end, and that your young institution may suit the community in which it is to grow, and from which it is to gain its strength.
Having decided to have a library, keep the movement well before the public. The necessity of the library, its great value to the community, should be urged by the local press, from the platform, and in personal talk. Include in your canvass all citizens, irrespective of creed, business, or politics; whether educated or illiterate. Enlist the support of teachers, and through them interest children and parents. Literary, art, social, and scientific societies, Chautauqua circles, local clubs of all kinds should be champions of the movement.
In getting notices of the library's work in the newspapers, or in securing mention of it from the lecture platform, or in clubs, and literary, artistic, and musical societies, it is better to refrain from figures and to deal chiefly in general statements about what the library aims to do and what it has done.