# A Dictionary of the Sunda language/T

T.
Ta, is an inseparable particle of extensive use, often giving a verbal form to monosyllabic idiomatic expressions, but of which the separate meaning has not always been retained. Tabur is an example compounded of Ta and Bur, pouring out.
Ta-ala, Arabic, most high, exalted, Allah Ta-ala, God the Most High.
Ta-ali, Arabic, exalted, most high.
Ta-an, what, how? A remonstrative exclamation.
Ta-ang to-ong, looking and peeping. To peer.
Tabasan or Tabas, to buy up whole sale. Used in Bantam.
Tabé, salutation, compliments, greeting. The word of courtesy always used on meeting a person, answering to our „good morning", „ how do you do". Tuan kirim tabé, my master sends his compliments.
Tabéh, in the direction of, towards. Tabéh hilir, towards the lower part of the river. Tabéh gunung, in the direction of the mountains.
Tăbĕng, a labu or gourd set in the river, with small holes pierced in it, and baited with bran to catch small fish.
Tābĕng, come to the critical point. In a state of commotion. Overpowered by numbers, beat by work. In Bantam at festivals Tābĕngis the uproar that takes place when day dawns, especially when games of Ujungan have been going on all night, when a tumultuous mêle of the combatants takes place, and there is then a sort of scramble for the remnants of the feast.
Tabĕuh, to strike a drum or other musical instrument. Tabĕuh bĕdug, strike the drum. Goong di tabĕuh, the gong was beat.
Tabir, Arabic, interpretation, meaning, purport, upshot. Kumaha tabir na, what is the purport of it. Tabir na to ngĕunah, the upshot of that is not agreeable. NB. MARSDEN, at page 62, gives Tabir as meaning a curtain, a veil, as Faal zakat menjadi tabir dalam surga, works of public charity become a veil (over sins) in heaven. The word Tabir would admit of this meaning in Sunda, though the natives have no idea that it means a veil. They use it then only metaphorically.
Tabok, to give a slap in the face. To strike a man's head with your hand. To slap the chops.
Tabuka, opened, exposed, uncovered.
Tabur and Taburkĕn, to pour out, to cause to flow out. Spilled. Dropped out ​
    as water or any liquid, or small loose material, as grain or sand. In the Javanese and Malay of Batavia they say Labur, to pour out. See Bur.
Tachan, not yet. Composed of To, the short for Hanto, not, and Achan, at all = not at all. Tachan datang, he is not yet come. Tachan di béré, I have not yet given it. Tachan asak, not yet ripe.
Tadah, to uphold, to lift up, to intercept from falling. To catch as it falls.
Tadah, aspect. Tadah wétan, with an Eastern aspect. Tadah kulon, with a Western aspect. Sawah tadah, rain-sawahs, which do not derive their water from any stream but are dependent on rain, thus dependent on the aspect or season. Sawahs catching the water of irrigation as it falls in rain.
Tadi, just now, a short time ago. Tadi gĕus lĕumpang, he went away just now.
Tagal, a plain, open grass-lands. Gras-slands in contra distinction to forest-lands or Lĕuwĕung. Tagal ĕurih, a plain of ĕurih-grass. Tagal kaso, a plain of kaso-grass. Kĕbo mapal di tagal, buffaloes graze on open plains. Tagal is, however, sometimes used to designate any plain where any particular kind of vegetation abounds, even though that consists in jungle trees. Tagal rinyung, Tagal haréno, Tagal haréndong, Tagal awi, the last of these is, a plain of bambus, and the other expressions indicate a plain of their respective woods. But in these cases it by no means follows that the land is flat or even; on the contrary it is often in ravines.
Tagal, name of a residency in Central Java. See the following.
Tagal-arum, the scented field. Name of the Emperor Mangkurat, who died in A. D. 1677 and was buried near Tagal, at a place where the ground was sweet-scented.
Tagĕnan, to receive in fight. To await the attack of. To oppose oneself to.
Tagĕnkĕn, to fix firmly, to fix by putting a stake in the ground to tie some other object to. To set a stake in the ground not upright but at a slope or angle.
Tagi, to demand payment of a debt, to dun. To claim a debt with importunity. Bogah pihutang kudu di tagi, if you have incoming debts you must dun for them.
Tah, an exclamation of displeasure, of vexation, or of simple interrogation where we would perhaps use a circumlocution, as: how could you do so? what nonsense is that? Saha tah nu owoh, who is it who is not here? Gĕdé tah, is it large? Tah! sia ma sok kitu, damn you, you are always doing so.
Tahan, to support, to endure, to hold out, to bear; to refrain, to forbear. To tahan, I cannot endure it, I cannot put up with it. I have no longer strength to bear it. Sabulan dĕui tahan kénéh, it will still hold out for a month. Napsu kudu di tahan, the passions must be bridled in (refrained). Ari ka jélĕma gĕring kudu nahan maneh, in the case of sick people you must hold yourself in (forbear).
Tahanan, an anvil, a blacksmith's anvil.
Tahang, a tub, a cask, a vat, any large receiver. Tahang minyak, an oil-vat, Tahang gula tétés, a molasses-receiver.
Tahĕun, to set as a trap. Tahĕun buwu, to set this kind of fish-trap. Tahĕun pigasol, to set this kind of tiger-trap. ​Tahěunan, to entrap, to set a trap to catch.
Tahěur, to boil, to seeth. Chai na kudu di tahěur, you must boil that water.
Tahi, ordure, dung, excrement, sediment, dregs, refuse; rust, dross.
Tahi-anjing, dog's ordure, — a term by which great disgust or disbelief is expressed.
Tahi-běusi, iron-rust.
Tahi-chěli, ear-wax.
Tahi-hayam, fowl's dung. Name of a plant.
Tahi-lalar, fly's dung, freckles on the face.
Tahi-manuk, bird's dung. Name of a parasitic plant.
Tahi-minyak, oil-cake. The refuse of making oil from the ground-nut or kachang taněuh. This oil-cake is much used as a valuable manure, especially for sugar-cane.
Tahi-tambaga, dung of copper, verdigris.
Tahir, Arabic, clean, pure, chaste, holy.
Tahlil, Arabic, Praise to God. Praying together in numbers and calling upon God. The act of so doing is Dikiran, which see.
Tahun, a year, the period of twelve months. Patahunan, yearly cultivation. Tahunan sia pindah ka gunung, the year you removed to the mountains. Ki-tahun, name of a large forest-tree with strong, hard, durable wood, probably so called from this circumstance.
Tahwangan, impossible! it does not look likely!
Tai-hiang, rust on metals. Probably Tai, the short in composition for Tahi, ordure, dung, and Hyang, a divinity. From rust coming, by an unaccountable way to a native, upon metals, especially on iron, which gets rusty from mere contact with the atmosphere.
Tai-hiangan, covered with rust.
Taikan, to ascend, to get up, to climb. Tangkal kalapa di taikan, he climbed up the cocoa-nut- tree.
Taikkěn, to encrease, to augment. To lift one object upon another. Pajěg nadi taikkěn, they have encreased his rent. Harga na gěus di taikkěn, the price has been risen, augmented. Éta barang taikkěn deui ka na méja, lift up those goods again upon the table.
Tail, the 16th part of a kati. A gold weight to which the Sunda people appear to attach no definite quantity, as they weight their gold and silver by Spanish dollars, or bits of lead made of the size and weight of Spanish dollars with subdivisions.
Taji, the artificial spur of a game-cock. The ankle joint of a man, or rather the bone which projects at the joint. See Si-ih. Taji is often heard in proper names, as the name of a man. Pangéran Taji Wangsa occurs as the name of a chief. Lawang Taji is the name of a village on the Bolang Estate.
Tajin, the scum from the boiling of rice. Water in which rice has been seethed, prepared as a kind of weak gruel for sick people. ​Tajong and Tajonkĕn, to strike at with the foot. To kick forward. To strike with the forefoot as an animal would do. To kick forwards anything. See Tokėr, to kick backwards.
Tajug, a pile of fire-wood, cut into even lengths and set up in fathoms for sale or use.
Tajur, as di tajuran, to plant a Dukuh. To make a plantation of fruit-trees. See Tatajuran.
Takabur, vaunting, speaking large when no reality exists. Bragging.
Takbir, a prayer, or the expressions of adoration used on the eve before the Labaran or festival at the termination of the yearly fast. Only applied to praying on this occasion.
Takĕr, a measure of capacity, especially of oil, and is 33 bottles, of which 2½ takĕrs go to a picul-weight of oil. To measure over (in some vessel or implement of capacity).
Takĕran, any vessel to measure with. Assigned limits. So much and no more.
Takis, to ward off. To divert any object coming in contact with us. To parry. To push aside.
Takokak, the same as Mĕgai, which see. A very small bitterish Chokrom, of the size of a pea.
Takol, to knock, to strike, with something heavy.
Takonan, to enquire of, to investigate. To subject to enquiry. To examine by enquiry. Unceremoniously taking to task.
Takrim, Arabic, honour, respect, reverence.
Taksir, to estimate, to rate, to assess. To form an opinion of, to guess. Derived from the Dutch word Taxeren, to estimate, to assess. Taksir is also to levy a rent on paddy or other lands, by merely looking at the standing crop, estimating the same, and fixing such rent.
Taksiran, estimation, assessment. Opinion. Taksiran kula mohal mĕunang, in my estimation he would not get it. To bogah taksiran, I can form no idea of it. It does not look likely.
Taktak, the shoulder. Ka na taktakkĕn, put it on your shoulder.
Takwa, a jacket with sleeves which project beyond the hand.
Talaga, a pond of water, a lake. Name of a district in Cheribon where such lakes exist. Crawfurd in his Dissertation, page 42, says the word is the Sanscrit Taraga, a pond, corrupted. Perhaps derived from Tārāwā, C. 229, a duck. Gama, C. 197, going, moving, journeying. A village. Reduced to Taraga, a place where ducks move or stay. Talā, C. 225, a large pond covered with flowers. Any large sheet of water. Talākaya, C. 225, a tank, a pond.
Talaga Bodas, a volcanic mountain in the Prianger Regencies, South East from Sumedang. The crater of this volcano is occupied by a pool or lake of white water, hence Talaga Bodas, white lake. ​Talagtag, name of an herb growing in the humahs.
Talahab, a roofing made of split bambus. The bambus are cut in lengths and the diaphragms cleared out. The bambus are then laid and tied on side by side like so. The etymon of this word will be kĕbir, arabic Great, mighty (as applied to God) many gutters. Over their edges other half bambus are inverted, and thus a waterproof roof is obtained.
Talak, Arabic, divorce, repudiation. Ewé na gĕus di talak, he has divorced his wife.
Talakop, the bud leaves which form the apex of a growing bambu. As the bambu grows, one talakop remains adhering to each joint, and as the stick gains age, it drops off. The talakop is covered with a black bubes which causes great itching when rubbed on the skin. The talakops of some bambus are stiff and firm enough to be used in making Dudukuis or native hats.
Talam, a tray, a salver. These trays are usually made of brass, and may have derived the name from Talama, C. 229, beating time to music; a kind of measured chant which is repeated when beating the tom-tom, and dancing, from some brass tray of this kind having been in use among the Hindus who visited Java. Tali, C. 225, a brazen or metal dish. Talampata , C. 836 , a sort of cymbal peculiar to the Tamuls.
Talang, a spout, a gutter for water to pass along. Either a spout under the eaves of a house, or a spout to lead water over a hollow. Talangs are made either of wood scooped out, or more frequently of the stem of some palm-tree, for which purpose the Kawung is the most serviceable. See Panchuran. Talang is derived from Ta and Léng or Lang, indicating running or flowing as water.
Talangan, to take the place of. To serve as a substitute for. A simile derived from Talang, a water-spout, which carries the water over hollows, where it otherwise could not pass. Talangan is also to set up Talangs. To manage with Talangs.
Talanjang, naked, bare, uncovered. Metaphorically: destitute.
Talapak, the sole of the foot, the palm of the hand. The flat of the foot or the hand.
Talar, to guess. To relate from memory. To say at random.
Talatah, to send instructions, to give orders by means of some one else, not directly. To send for by means of a second person. The instructions given by a man on his death-bed, as to what is to take place after his death, often regarding tho division of his property.
Talédor, neglecting work, careless, negligent. Not doing what it is our duty to do.
Talékték-api, a sort of parsley found growing in the humahs in mountainous situations.
Talĕmang-jajar, an old name for the country about the Chipamali.
Talépa, to spring from one tree or branch to another. A term in climbing.
Talété, clear and distinct. Telling a clear story, Telélé, Marsden, page 79, uncovered, naked, exposed, published.
Talĕus, a nearly bulbous and esculent root, with large broad leaves, much planted in moist and light soil. It is the Taro of the Pacific Islands, Arum Esculentum, also Colocasia Vera of botany. ​Tali, a rope, a cord, a string, a belt.
Tali, tally, a way of noting numbers by making a mark for every ten counted.
Tali or Sa-tali, a quarter of a guilder, 30 doits. See Tatalén.
Tali = Awi-tali, the spring or rope bambu. The one which is in greatest request for daily use in every way. It derives its name from splitting up readily and forming rope or string.
Tali-alas, the continuous ridge of a hill, uncrossed by a stream of water. Tali, a rope, a string, Alas, forest. See Alas.
Talian, to tie, to fasten with a rope.
Tali ari-ari, the after-birth.
Tali kibĕn or Kali kibĕn, a stitch in the side. A pain experienced after eating when immediately jolting on horse-back.
Taliktik, to look after, to keep an eye upon.
Ta1im, Arabic, reverence, respect, veneration. An obeisance.
Talingkup, name of a plant. Claoxylon Indicum.
Tali pĕnding, a clasp or belt worn by women round the waist. See Pĕnding.
Tali pitik, the split bambus which are wattled round a Ranchatan to make an Angkul. See Pitik.
Taliwang, no one would have thought it. Anything done or occurring contrary to general expectation. Taliwang jélĕma lĕutik, rossa amat, no one could have thought that so small a man could be so strong. Taliwang ku sugih na, no one would have thought that he was so rich.
Talu, three , one of the forms of the word which is also pronounced Tilu and Tolu.
Talugtug, a stake to drive into the ground.
Talugtugan, to set like a sharpened stake in the ground.
Taluk, Arabic, to submit, to surrender. Di talukkĕn, to put down, to cause, to submit. Nagara Jawa taluk ka kumpani, the country of Java submits itself to the company (the Dutch government). Obedient to orders. Submissive.
Tal-wang'i, an old name for Brĕbĕs in Tagal.
Taman, a black ant which crawls on the ground and whose bite is very painful for a few minutes, but soon goes off.
Taman, a flower-garden, a pleasure-garden, only heard in old romantic stories.
Taman-sari, a flower-garden, pleasure-grounds.
Tamat, Arabic, finished, concluded. Finis of a writing. Pagawéan gĕus tamat, the work is finished. Kéjo na tamat, the boiled rice is done. Tamat ngawacha, finished reading.
Tamatkĕn, to finish, to bring to a conclusion.
Tambaga, copper, the metal copper. Wang tambaga, copper money. Tamba, C. 222, copper. In Sanscrit Tamra and Tamraka, copper.
Tambah, to add to, to augment, to increase. Tambah pangkat, to increase in rank. Tambah luhur, to augment in height. ​Tambahan, augmentation, increase. In addition. To add to, to increase.
Tambai, to call as animals. Anjing na kudu di tambai, the dogs must be called together.
Tambak, fish-ponds, a vivarium. Ponds formed along the sea-shore, by running dikes through the muddy places subject to be inundated by the tides. In these Tambaks are kept fish for sale, such as Balanak, Bandéng, a great variety of shrimps etc.
Tambakan, an earthen dam. The artificial containing dam of a pond. A dike.
Tambako, European, tobacco. More usually short Bako, which see.
Tambal, to mend, to patch, to darn. Sĕrawĕl na di tambai ku lamak, his trowsers were patched with a rag.
Tambalung, name of a piece of bambu tied to the wrists of a man by way of handcuffs, to keep the arms and hands distended and useless. Such Tambalungs are tied to people who are carried about the country as arrested and in charge of the police. Called also Bogol.
Tambang, a rope, a piece of cord.
Tambangan, money paid for crossing a ferry; passage-money by a vessel, freight. A shore-boat to visit shipping.
]Tambérang, a back-stay. Any rope holding backwards.
Tambi, the large flat buttresses of some old trees worked up for pedaty or cartwheels, consisting of one disk of wood. See Chanir.
Tambi, a name given to Mohammedan Moormen.
Tambir, something added on the edge so as to enlarge it. Tambir samping, a piece of white cloth added to a samping, so as to enlarge the height of it. Tambir prahu, a piece of wood added to the gunwale of a boat, so as to raise the edge.
Tambur, European, a drum. Soldado sa tambur, a company of soldiers, who rally at one drum.
Tambusu, the entrails or guts of man or brute. The etymon of this word is Bus, the idiomatic expression for going, going in, or putting in. In Malay, Marsden, page 82, occurs the word Tambus, to pour through, to strain, to pierce, to penetrate, through, — which will give a very intelligible derivation for the Sunda Tambusu.
Taméng, a shield, a buckler.
Tamiang, a thin stalked variety of bambu. Bambusa Tabacaria or Tenuis. It makes the best Burangs or bambu spears, and is used for Sumpitans or blow pipes, and from it are made the Tropongs or weaver's shuttles.
Tampa, to receive, to accept, to get. To come into one's possession. Ulah di tampa nu kitu, don't accept such as that. Tampa duit sa rupiyah, to receive money to the extent of one guilder.
Tampah, the palm of the hands, for which, however, Dampal lĕungan is the more usual expression. To receive on the palm of the hand. Di tampah, to present the palm of the hand to receive anything. To carry on the palm of the hands. Sa tampah, a hand's breadth. ​Tampanan, to receive, to get into one's possession. To lay hold of. To catch or receive anything flung at one.
Tampar, a rope, a cord.
Tampayan, a large water jar, such as are usually brought from Japan.
Tampĕk, measles.
Tampi, to fan, to riddle, to winnow. More frequently called Tapi.
Tampihan, a bathing place in a river. The place in a river where the people go down to wash, clean their rice and take water.
Tampik, to reject, to refuse. Nu goréng kudu di tampik, such as are bad, must be rejected. Hanto di tampik, he did not refuse it. To nampik jélĕma, he did not refuse any man — accepted all who came.
Tampikan, what has been refused or rejected. Leavings, refuse.
Tampiling, to box the ears. To strike with the hand about the head.
Tampingan, to cut straight and clean, said when cutting earth or a bank with a pachul or hoe. Said, when working sawahs , the galangans or ridges, where the plough cannot pass, are cut clean and hoeed close up.
Tamplok, poured out in a body. Diverted in a mass, as a stream of water. Eukĕur cha-ah chai na tamplok ka sawah, whilst the flood prevailed the water was poured out in a mass into the sawahs.
Tampok, a method of taking fish by making enclosures in the stream, something in the same way as Njombongan, which see.
Tampolan, at intervals, sometimes occurring. As the case may be. Tampolan nana owoh sakali, it sometimes happens that there are none at all.
Tampolana, same as foregoing Tampolan nana.
Tampolong, a spitting-pot, a spittoon. Any small pot used to catch matter dropping from another vessel, such as are sometimes used under sugar-pots, to catch the molasses.
Tamprakkĕn, to spread out, to lay out in thin layers. To unfold.
Tamuh-tamuh, ridiculous, useless to attempt it. Utterly useless to try.
Tanaga, strength, force, bodily power. Gĕus to bogah tanaga, he has got no bodily power; he has lost his strength. Tanaga nu bodo, with small means, literally the strength of those who are stupid.
Tanchĕbkĕn, to stick into any place, so that the object stuck in remains standing upright. Tulugtug di tanchĕbkĕn turut pagĕr, the stakes were stuck into the ground along the fence.
Tanda, a mark, a sign, a token. Tanda ning hadé, a mark of good will.
Tanda-an, to put a mark upon. To make a mark by which it can be known again. To observe. To keep the attention directed towards.
Tandak, to dance, especially as the natives do by making postures rather than by dancing as Europeans. To prance as a horse. Tandawa, C. 226, dancing. The art of dancing.
Tandang, to set up work or business on one's own account. To go off upon a journey alone, or the like. ​Tandang, heard as Panghulu tandang, a ringleader. A great man whom it is difficult to approach.
Tandéan, to receive into one's hands, to catch. To gather up into any receptacle, as into a basket or the like. To await the attack (of an enemy, or wild beast).
Tandĕs, cut through, broken through.
Tanding, to set side by side. Alongside of each other. To compare. See Nyanding. Ari di tandingkěn wat to sarua, and when put side by side, they proved not to be alike.
Tando, name of an animal, Pteromys Genibarbis. It is found among the mountains. Its four legs, head and tail are all united by a film of skin, which the animal can extend at pleasure, and thereby effect a sort of flight from one tree to another. It hangs back-downwards from the branches at rest by means of its sharp claws.
Tandon, to keep a shop; to be a dealer.
Tandu, a variety of palinquin. A bambu cage in which to travel, carried on men's shoulders. A chair with bambus lashed to it, in which a person can be carried. Di tandu, to be carried in such a contrivance on men's shoulders.
Tanduk, a horn. Tanduk kěbo, a buffalo's horn. Tanduk unchal, deer's horns. Di tanduk kěbo, he was struck by a buffalo with its horn.
Tandukan, to butt or gore with the horn.
Tandur, to transplant paddy. To plant it out in the sawahs when it has grown about 40 or 50 days in the Pabinihan. This is done by sticking in four or six little plants together in each spot in the soft mud, the working person moving backwards as he plants, so as not to paddle amongst it.
Tanduran, name of a chief of Pajajaran who founded Majapahit; usually called Raden Tanduran. Raffles, 2 vol., page 98.
Tanĕmkĕn, to set fast in the ground. To bury in the ground. See Nanĕm.
Tanĕuh, earth, soil, mould. Country, region, land. An estate, landed property. The ground. Fundamental colour in a pattern. Tanĕuh Sunda, the Sunda country. Tanĕuh Jawa, the Jawa country. Tanĕuh Bantan, the Bantam country. Tanĕuh sabrang, foreign countries. Tuan tanĕuh, a landholder or landlord; the name given to the owners of private estates. Kachang tanĕuh, the earth-bean, the ground-nut, Arachis Hypogasa. Kain chita konéng, tanĕuh na bĕurĕum, a piece of chintz with yellow pattern on a red ground. Tā, C. 216, the earth. Thana, C. 217, place, situation; stay or continuance.
Tang'éh, still far from accomplishment. A good while, a considerable interval. Tang'éh kénéh ka téng'ang'ni, it still wants a good while till noon. Tang'éh kénéh bai datang ka Bogor, it is still a considerable distance before you can arrive at Buitenzorg.
Tangĕrang, name of a large native town of considerable trade, on the Chisidani, 15 pauls south-west from Batavia.
Tangga, heard only as applied to a house. Imah tangga, a properly built and permanent house. The word is properly Malay and means steps or a ladder, which in ​
    Sunda are called Tarajé, which word is also used when speaking especially of the steps of a house. See Tatangga.
Tanggah, looking upwards. With the countenance turned upwards.
Tanggai, having long nails. Such long nails are sometimes kept to show that the owner has not to gain his livelyhood by manual labour. Called in Malay Changgai.
Tanggal, date. A denomination for a day of the month or moon. Tanggal sapuluh bulan Haji, on the (10th) day of the month Haji. Pananggalan, the first day of the moon. Bulan gĕus tanggal, the moon has commenced a new lunation.
Tanggaluk, sitting curved up in a heap. Tanggaluk bai diyĕuk di ambén, he was sitting cowered in a heap on the stage before his door.
Tanggap, to look at, to watch. Not to interfere with. To have in view, to cause any exhibition to be made before you for amusement. Tanggap ronggéng, to watch ronggéngs (for amusement). Tanggap go-ong, to have an exhibition of gongs (playing). Di tanggap bai, he merely looked on and did not interfere. Mohal hadé di tanggap bai, it will never do to look quietly on.
Tanggĕl, it is out of the question. How can I do it? Having a strong aversion to do anything. Tangĕl amat lamun aing kudu nyambut nu kitu, if it was me, I should have a most decided aversion to do the like. Naik ka dinyo ma tanggĕl, as to getting up there, it is out of the question. Di titah ngojai, tanggĕl , he orders me to swim over, but how can I do it.
Tanggĕu-ĕuk, name of a variety of wild chestnut-tree, the fruit of which resembles Kalimborot, but purges more violently.
Tanggĕu-ĕuk, cowering down on the hams to pass a stool.
Tanggĕuhkĕn, to set up on its end. To elevate against anything perpendicular. Tarajé di tanggĕuhkĕn ka na kalapa, the ladder was set up against a cocoa-nut-tree.
Tangginas, quick, active, smart.
Tanggoli, name of a wood, the bark of which is used for tanning leather.
Tangguh, and Tangguhan, bold and strong. A picked man, stronger or larger than other people.
Tanggul, to put some obstruction in a water-course, so as to raise the surface of the water, and enable it to run out at a higher level.
Tangguli, name of a tree, Cassia Fistula.
Tanggulung, name of a wood with close fine grain and of reddish colour, fit for turnery or mill-work. Found in lowlands.
Tanggung, to carry by means of a stick laid a cross the shoulder, with the weight attached to each end. To be security for another person. Literally to take him on your shoulders. To bear, to support.
Tanggungan, what is carried on the shoulder. Burthen. Weight carried. Undertaking, engagement. Bail. Security.
Tangguwuk, squatting on the hams to ease oneself. Squatting down and frequently having occasion to pass a stool. ​Tang'hi, to get up, to start up. A refined expression.
Tang'iri, mackerel fish; caught in the sea, and being salted is much carried inland. Cigbium Konam.
Tangkal, a tree, the thick boll of a tree. Figuratively, capital, original investment, and continuing the figure of speech, interest is called Bung'a, which see. Tangkal jati, a teak-tree. Tangkal kalapa, a cocoa-nut-tree. It also means the place of production; the place where any goods are to be had at first hand. In Malay occurs Pangkal, Marsden, page 224, the lower butt-end, the stock. The beginning.
Tangkalak, the tallow-tree, Litscea Sebifera.
Tangkap, to catch, to arrest, to detain, to lay hold of. Jélěma na gěus di tangkap, the man has been arrested. Lamun maling mohal to di tangkap, if you steal it is pretty certain that you will be caught.
Tangkar, the ribs, especially the ribs of an animal slaughtered for eating.
Tangkarakkĕn, to lay, or put down anything on its back with legs and belly up.
Tangkélé, name of a tree which has often mottled wood, black and white, much sought after for kris-sheaths, etc. Kleinhovia Hospita.
Tangkěup, to catch, to lay hold of, to arrest. To embrace. Sa tangkěup, an embrace; as much as can be held, between both arms. An armfull, Tangkal na gědé amat, dua dua tangkěup, the trees are very large, as much as two men can clasp round.
Tangkil, name of a tree. Gnetum Gnemon.
Tangkuban, turned or inverted over something else. Incumbent.
Tangkuban Prahu, the inverted boat, name of a volcanic mountain near Bandong on the border of Krawang. It is 6236 Rhineland feet high, and contains a double crater at the top. It has obtained its name from its resemblance to a boat turned bottom up, as seen from positions in the Preanger Regencies. There is an old legend which says that it is the remainder of a boat which was being constructed to sail about an immense lake which occupied the present plain of Bandong, formed by damming up the Chitarum at the Sengyang Tikoro. The tree to make this boat was felled on Bukit Tunggul, or stump hill, and the branches are represented by Gunung Burangrang, lying at either extremity of the Tangkuban Prahu. The dam in the Chitarum and the boat to sail on the lake were to be all completed in one night and ready before day-break. This feat was about to be accomplished, and great results obtained, when the disconcerted adversary fell upon the following device. On the water of the lake which was rising behind the dam of the Sengyang Tikoro, he strewed the shining white leaves of the Wurungan and at same time causing the women to beat the riceblocks, induced the belief that day had dawned, when the dam was abandoned in dispair, just before it was completed, and the Chitarum soon afterwards burst itself a way again into the Lowlands. The saga of the land points out the rude features of the country in confirmation of this story. The work was abandoned in dispair, but the rude remnants still remain to attest to the mountaineer the truth of the origin of the tale. ​Tangkubkĕn, to turn topsy-turvy. To invert. Prahu na kudu di tangkubkěn, that boat must be turned bottom up.
Tangkur, an animal found in the sea, especially about the West-end of Java, as about Charing'in. It has a head something like that of a horse, and hence is also called Tangkur kuda; its tail is pointed and generally found turned up in dry specimens. This fish is often found kept dried, and in the possession of the natives in the interior, as it is supposed to have the power to give manly force, for which purpose it is placed for a short time in water which is then drunk. It has been described by Dr.Bleeker as the Hippocampus Kuda.
Tangkur gunung, a plant growing among the mountains. It has a bulbous or fleshy root, to which the same properties are ascribed by the natives, as to the Tangkur kuda.
Tangkurak, the head, the skull. A term of disparagement. Tangkurak sia, you numbskull! as we should say. It is a common epithet of reproach.
Tang-oéh, a lamp-stand. Often a bit of bambu stuck in a foot-piece, and bearing a cup of oil with a wick in it.
Tangsěl, to tie something to another; to add to by tying something on in addition. To add a small quantity of anything, in any way, by fixing them together, it need not be always by tying; it is often done by sticking in between or inserting. Paré sia ulah di tangsěl, don't increase your paddy by tying to it. That is: do not increase the weight by tying a small quantity on to the other straws in addition, but open out the regular tie and put it up properly all together. Batu iyo araranggang, kudu di tangsělan, these stones (in a wall or flooring) are too far apart, you must put something between them (other small stones).
Tangsi, barracks, dwellings for soldiers, cantonments.
Tangsuhunan, the same as Sungsuhunan, the ridge-pole of a house.
Tangtang, to challenge, to provoke to fight, to defy, to call out. Musuh di tangtang, or Nangtangan musuh, to challenge the enemy.
Tangtang ang'in, the challenger of the wind, — rice boiled to a soft consistence, and then tied up in bambu leaves to carry on a journey.
Tangtu, certain, assuredly, without doubt. Lamun sia maling tangtu di rangkét, if you steal you are sure to be flogged. Tangtu luluhur, certain signs or vestiges often found on mountain tops, supposed to have been placed there by the ancestors of the present people.
Tangtung, same as Nangtung, upright, on end, which occurs more frequently.
Tangtungkěn, to set up on end. To elevate. To put in any upright position.
Tang'wang'an, out of the question. Don't think of it. Don't suppose so.
Tani, hard working, indefatigable, laborious. Tani amat ka na pagawéan, he is very indefatigable at his work. Jěléma tani, a man who is always at work. Tani, C. 220, alone, single, individual. The Sunda word may be this Tani, from a man who labours hard is often left to himself, alone, and the Sunda word will thus be constructively, alone. ​Tanjag, airs, assumed importance.
Tanjakan, an ascent, a hill on a road. A place to be gone up. See Nanjak.
Tanjěuk, to assist another in difficult matters, which have to be arranged by talking; to act as the advocate of another. Bogah pitjara di tanjěuk ku panghulu, having a question to be settled, the priest acted as his advocate.
Tanjěurkěn, to erect, to set up. To set up the materials of a building, or the like.
Tanjung, a point of land, a headland, a promontory. A cape.
Tanjung, a tree bearing a white flower. Mimusops Elengi.
Tantu, certain, sure; fixed, settled. Certainly.
Tanya, to ask, enquire, to interrogate, to question. Ari di tanya kudu némbalan, when a question is put you must answer.
Tapa, penance, seclusion, religious retirement. This word is in very frequent use when speaking of the wonderful feats of the men of former days, before the introduction of Mohammedanism, at it is a Hindu institution. Tapa with the Sundanese implies total abstinence from food or worldly pleasures. Tapa, C. 221, austerity, self-denial, penance. Subduing the passions. See Puasa.
Tapai, a preparation of boiled kĕtan rice, in which Ragi has been mixed and set to ferment for a couple of days. Tapai is given as a treat at all native entertainments.
Tapak, a mark, a trace, the impression of anything. A foot-mark. Tapak maung, the mark of a tiger's paw. Tapak kĕbo, the mark of a buffalo's foot.
Tapak-jalak, a cross, thus x, cut on a tree. See Jalak.
Tapak-lěung'an, the mark of the hand, a signature. Sign-manual.
Tapak-liman, name of a small plant growing by the road-sides, sometimes used medicinally. Literally: the Elephant's foot-mark.
Tapak-suku, impression of the sole of the foot.
Tapak-tuwěr, down on the ground, with both knees touching it.
Tapĕl, to affix, to plaster on. To make to adhere.
Tapi, if, but, yet, however. Tapi ulah di béré hěulah-an, but don't give any in the first instance.
Tapi, to sift, to riddle, to winnow. In maly Tampi, Marsden, p. 85.
Tapos, name of a tree, Elateriospermum Tapos.
Tapsir, Arabic, the koran interlined with a translation or paraphrase. Elucidation, explanation, interpretation.
Tapuk, gathered in a heap. Napuk di taněuh, collected in a heap on the ground.
Tara, even, flat, level, without slope, or with very little slope. Hatěup eta tara těuyn, those ataps (that thatch) are too flat, have not enough slope in the roof , and consequently leak. Tara, C. 223, a raft, a float (and consequently lying flat, and hence probably the sense in which our Sundas use it).
Tarajang, to attack, to set upon, to be overpowered by, overwhelmed; to come upon any person or thing; to happen to. Di tarajang ku musuh, attacked by the enemy. ​
    Sawah katarajang cha-ah, the sawah was overwhelmed by a flood. Tarajang ka kula, mohal bisa, if such should occur to me, I should not be able (to do it).
Tarajé, steps, a ladder. The steps or ladder of a house.
Taram, and taraman, to commence, to make a beginning. Gĕus taram, he has made a commencement. Pagawéan gĕrrah di taraman, look sharp and begin the work. Arambha, C. 64, beginning, commencement.
Taram-tiram, to make a beginning. To make efforts to begin.
Tarang, the forehead.
Tarap-tarap, some getting, others not getting. Partial success.
Tarapti, completed. All arrangements satisfactorily made.
Tarasan, using for the first time. Making a first trial with, as clothes, a horse, a wife or any other thing.
Tarasan, felling primeval forest for the purpose of making a humah. A humah made from such primeval forest.
Taratas, to cut a small path or opening through a forest, either for the sake of merely opening a way, or of marking some boundary. This sounds like a plural of Tatas, by the insertion of ra in the word. Yet Tatas is not a Sunda word, but in Malay means to break forth, burst through, break open. Marsden, page 69.
Taraté, name of a plant, with very broad leaves, growing in water, on which the leaves repose. Nelumbium Speciosum, the Lotus-plant. Called Nélum in Ceylon. Clough, 339. Marsden says Tarati, the Lotus, is Japanese.
Tarawas, to hold an inspection before commencing operations. To visit the jungle for the purpose of selecting a proper place to make a humah, mark the trees and cut away a little grass by way of taking possession.
Tarawé, to collect in the mosque, at nighttime, during the Puasa, or month of fasting, and hold prayers.
Tarigo, wheat. Clough, vol. 1, page 618. Tariga, Portuguese, wheat.
Tarik, to drag, to haul along, to pull, to draw. To transport goods in carts. To veer or draw round as the wind. To hoist a sail or flag. Tukang tarik, cartmen, men employed with buffaloes or carts making any transports. Tarik layar, to make sail, hoist the sail. Tarik bandéra, to hoist the flag. Ang'in na tarik ka kulon, the wind is drawing round towards the west.
Tarik, a rapid in a river; the quick flow of water. Flowing rapidly.
Tarik-kolot, the place where a village or house has formerly stood, but now abandoned. A deserted homestead. Name of a variety of weed. Quere? Tarik, Arabic, way, path; order; rite.
Tarima, to receive, to accept, to get possession of. To acknowledge, to confess, to own to; to submit oneself to.
Tarimbang, said of persons crouched in a row. Derived from Timbang, to weigh, as persons so seated act as a counterpoise to others. ​Tariti, name of a forest-tree. Tarietia Javanica.
Tarka or těrka. Divination. To accuse a man from feeling convinced that he has done some wrong, but not having the means of proof. To suspect and charge with. Tarkaka, C. 224, logic, the science of disputation, reasoning; argumentation.
Tarok, to give a blow on the head, to knock on the head of man or beast. Also to give a blow to a cocoa-nut, so as to split it, which must be with a cutting instrument.
Taroktok, to make a rattling sound by knocking two pieces of split bambu against each other, as done in some devices for frightening away wild pigs or birds, etc. from growing crops. The apparatus for making the above noise.
Tartib, to make arrangements so that a thing may be done well and without accident. To work with judgement.
Tartil, to speak clearly and explicitly. To give orders clearly, so that no mistake can be made. To tell a story from beginning to end very clearly.
Taruhan, wager, stake at gambling.
Tarum, the same as Tarung, to meet and fall upon; to attack at once.
Tarum, the indigo-plant, Indigofera Tinctoria. Planted from seed. Chitarum, Indigo river, name of a large river falling into the sea at Krawang Point.
Tarum-arĕui, the liane-indigo, much used by the mountaineers of Sunda. Marsdenia Parviflora.
Tarum-kĕmbang, a variety of indigo planted from cuttings, literally the flower-indigo. Indigofera Anil.
Tarumpah, a sandal or sole of any matter, often made of bark, or a bit of hide, worn under the sole of the foot, and tied with strings round the instep and ankle.
Taruna, a young man, a youth. More generally used as a proper name. Taruna, C. 223, young, youthful, juvenile, — a young man, a youth.
Tarung, to set upon; to attack without any palaver. To overtake an enemy and at once attack him.
Tasbé, Arabic, a rosiary carried by pious Mohammedans, on which they count their prayers, after the fashion of Roman Catholics.
Tasbé, a scitameneous plant which red flower and round black seeds, from which were probably made the rosiaries, though the seeds are rather too small for the purpose. It is the Canna Indica.
Tasik, this word only occurs, as far as I can learn, in one solitary instance in the Sunda language, and that is to form a proper name; viz in the Preanger Regencies, on the banks of the Chitandui, and south of the mountain Talaga Bodas, occurs Tasik Malaya, and thus inland and at a considerable distance from the sea. Tasi and Tasik, in many languages of the Archipelago, and throughout the Pacific, mean the Sea, and even in Javanese the word Tasik is found meaning a lake, the sea. The Ta may be the very common Polynesian negative, No, not, called in Sunda To. Sik or Sika may be the Singhalese Sikha, C. 731, point, top in general; a crest. Thus ​some thing without top, point or crest; the boundless ocean. Or it may be the same Ta negative, and Si of Sima, C. 741, boundary, limit, bank, shore. The Ma being constructive. See Sisi. Thus again something „without limit or bank.“ The Sunda people have, however, adhered to the word Laut for sea, which see, and which is also of Sanscrit origin, though the name of so common an object. Tasik would appear also to be Malay. MARSDEN, page 64, gives: „Tasek, a sea, inland sea or great lake; a large piece of water.“ CRAWFURD, at page 184, gives: „Tasik, the sea, the ocean; a great lake or inland sea“.
Tasma, Persian chasmah, spectacles, glasses for the eyes.
Tata, manners, address, conduct in company. Due respect to superiors. Perhaps from Tatha, C. 219, so, thus, in like manner. To nyaho di tata, he does not know how to conduct himself. He is ill-mannered.
Tataban, planks for putting round a corpse in the grave.
Tatabéan, making compliments. Offering the greeting called Tabé.
Tatabĕuhan, musical instruments which are struck as gongs, drums and the like.
Tatag, to hack and score the bark of a tree in order that the gummy matter may flow out.
Tatah, a chisel, a carpenter's tool. Di tatah, or tatahan, to chisel, to cut with a chisel. To enchase. To cut ornaments on precious metals.
Tatajuran, plantations. Fruit-trees planted expressly by man.
Tatal, a chip of wood. Anything chipped off.
Tatalén, a quarter of a guilder or 25 doits. Also the silver coin which is ʄ ¼, and thus has a value of 30 doits or more. Tatalén is a word derived from Tali, a rope, by duplicating the first syllable and adding an, which following the vowel i becomes én. The word occurring in this shape in Sunda confirms CRAWFURD'S note to Tali, who after stating that in Malay it means ⅛ of a Spanish dollar, says: — „It is probable that Tali is derived from Tali, a rope, and has reference to the practice of filing a certain number of small coins on a string, which, judging by the hole in the centre of all ancient Javanese coins, appears to have prevailed in the Archipelago as well as in China.“
Tataman, small black ants, somewhat smaller than the true Taman. It bites very fiercely when trod amongst, but the pain soon goes off.
Tatangga, neighbour, neighbouring. People whose steps to their houses, Tangga, are near our own steps. All the houses of the natives are reached by mounting steps. Tangga for steps is Malay, not Sunda. The Sunda people call the steps and landing place before a house door Jodog, and the steps or ladder of this Jodog are called Tarajé. The etymon of Tatangga is therefore borrowed, or has become obsolete. The word is still retained in the compound form of Imah tangga. See Tangga.
Tatanggalan, the first 15 days of the moon are so called, but cease with full moon.
Tatarub, a hut. A temporary shed, when out in the forest, made to pass the night in.
Tataruhan, to wager, to stake, to bet. To put down a stake.
Tatu, to tattoo. To mark the body by pricking and rubbing in some black colouring matter. ​Tatumpĕngan, the rice pile. Like a pile of rice when steamed, as it comes from the hasĕupan. This is the name of a shellfish in the sea. A variety of Patella.
Tau, to bale out water; to throw water out of any place with a bucket or other contrivance for lifting it out.
Tauwan, to bale water out of a hole. To bale out water.
Tauwĕran, the droppings of rain from the eaves of a house.
Tawa, to mutter a prayer or invocation over a pot or bambu of water or over a few sĕurĕuh-leaves, which thereby obtain supernatural virtue for curing disease. See Tawé. The word Tawa may perhaps be the same as the Singhalese Tawa, C. 225, an ascetic, or the state of an ascetic or Tapasaya. In many words the w is substituded for p, according to a rule of Eloo grammar; see Clough—, page 226, voce Tawas.
Tawar, to bid money, to treat for. To make an offer to buy.
Tawar, to apply medicine accompanied with a charm or incantation; hence Panawar, a remedy, which see. The process of applying charms.
Tawar, tasteless, insipid; wanting ingredients which give flavour. Defective in savour or taste. Fresh, not salt. Chai na tawar, pure, simple river or spring water, as contradistinguished from sea- or salt water. Endog tawar, a fresh egg, — not salted.
Tawas, alum.
Tawas, shape, appearance, form.
Tawé, cured by water, or sĕurĕuh-leaves prepared with Tawa, which see. The evil gone. This word is not heard in every-day parlance, but occurs in some Jampés.
Tawé, dry sĕurĕuh-lime, which has lost its moisture.
Tawu, master of a feast; master of the house: the host.
Tawur, and Tawuran, to pay for. To redeem. To obtain some advantage by making a payment. To pay for another. Kumaha anak to di tawuran, how can I not pay for my child! Bogah hutang kudu di tawuran, if you have debt, you must redeem it. Giliran gawé kudu di tawuran, you must pay for your turn to work.
Tayĕuh, to all appearance; apparently; likely; if we may guess. Tayĕuh na bai mohal mĕunang, apparently he will not get it. To nayĕuh, it does not look likely. Tayĕuh hadé, to all appearance it is good.
Té, a particle of interjection, expressive of something not being right, or answering expectation.
Téa, a demonstrative word implying: that which, that particular one. It is also used to express a feeling of disappointment, when a person neglects, or will not fulfil some arrangement, and may in that sense be translated provokingly. Nu panjang téa, that one which is a long. Mĕunang nu hadé téa, I have got that particular one which is good. Mandor téa to daik datang, the mandor provokingly would not come. Tuan téa to daik méré, the gentleman provokingly would not give any.
Téang, to look for, to go in search of. To call. To fetch. To go and investigate. To go and examine. Kĕbo owoh, kudu di téang, the buffaloes have gone away, they ​must be looked after. Mandor na kudu di téang, the mandor must be fetched. Humah na rusak ku bĕdul, kudu di téang, his humah is spoiled by the pigs, and must be examined. Di téang ku bĕdil, to go after with a gun.
Tĕbal, to begin, to commence, to make a beginning. To take any work in hand. See also Nĕbal.
Tĕbar, to sow seeds broadcast. To scatter seed over land prepared for that purpose, as a tipar (not a humah, where planting is called Ngasĕuk). To sow sawah-paddy as seed in the Pabinihan, to be subsequently transplanted.
Tĕbĕng, a method of taking small fish or minnows. A calabash pierced with small holes and baited with bran is set fast in the water among a lot of stones. Small fish, especially jĕlér, find their way into the calabash for the sake of the bran and are then caught and removed through a valve at the top.
Tĕblok, to cut at resolutely. To cut with a will and at random. To cut with pachul, rimbas or axe, either the ground or a piece of wood, so that large pieces come away at each stroke. See Blok.
Tĕbok, to patch as wood-work. To put a small piece of wood so as to fill up a hole and make all smooth.
Tĕbus, to redeem, to ransom. To take out of pawn. Sawah na gĕus di tĕbusan, he has redeemed his sawahs.
Tĕdah, to entreat, to ask as a favour. To ask reverently. To mĕunang di tĕdah, you can't get it by entreaty.
Tĕdak, appearance, shape, form, fashion. Tĕdak anyar, a new fashion.
Tĕgar, hard, bad to cut. Tough.
Tĕgĕp, sure-hold, firm hold. Firm, sound, strong, stout.
Tĕgĕr, said of a person who conducts himself properly, or according to our wish. Well behaved: trust-worthy.
Tĕgĕr, a piece of wood or bambu tied horizontally against a bambu pagĕr to keep it firm in its place. A small stick or a bambu placed horizontally in a bambu building to prevent some part from collapsing. A small bambu beam. The same as Pangparang.
Tĕgĕs, rightly, truly, properly. Eŭn siji nu tĕgĕs hadé, there is only one which is really good. Jyo tĕgĕs panjang, this is rightly long.
Tĕgor, to strike, to thwack, to thump.
Téh, Chinese of Canton, tea.
Téh-kwan, Chinese, a tea-pot.
Téja, the rainbow when seen in the West. Any supernatural or unusual brilliancy in the skies. Téja, C. 243, splendour, enlightening, effulgence.
​Tékad, faith, acknowledgment.
Tĕka-tĕka, the diamond beetle. Avery handsome variety of beetle, called also Sambĕr-ilén.
Téké, a small quantity of prepared opium mixed with tobacco or other leaves shred fine, and ready for putting into the pipe to smoke. Enough of prepared opium for one smoke.
Tĕkĕbur, Arabic, arrogant, proud, haughty.
Tĕkĕdir, Arabic, fate, inevitable decree, predestination. The divine will.
Tékho, Chinese, a Chinese agriculturist. A Chinaman who cultivates the ground.
Tĕki, name of a grass which springs up very pertinaceously after being cut away, should a particle of root remain in the ground.
Tĕktĕk, to cut moderately without any great exertion. To chop. Eukĕur nĕktĕkan suluh, he was in the act of chopping fire-wood, Iyo awi tĕktĕk lobah dyo, cut this bambu through hereabouts.
Tĕktĕk, a stick, a stem, a pole; a piece of some vegetable matter; something that has great length in proportion to thickness. Any object which has been cut or is fit for cutting. Awi tilu tĕktĕk, three lengths of bambu, three sticks of bambu. Chagak sa tĕktĕk, one stem of wood with a fork to it. Tiwu sa tĕktĕk, a length of sugar-cane. Eŭnaya tilu tĕktĕk, there are only three lengths.
Tékték, sĕurĕuh leaves neatly folded up into a size fit for sticking into the mouth, all ready prepared with the necessary lime and gambir. Such quids are carried about in the Sĕlĕpa.
Tĕkuk, bent down roughly; bent in creases. To fold. Sinking together, as a man unable to stand. An injury sustained at a joint, as the ankle or the wrist by giving way from weakness.
Tĕla, a variety of bambu which yields the best tasted Iwung or bambu sprouts, but is not fit for any other use.
Télam, another way of pronouncing Talam, a salver, a tray.
Tĕlang, name of a beautiful dark blue flower of pea-flower shape, growing upon liane. Clitoria Tinctoria.
Tĕlĕb, Arabic, to ask, to demand, to petition, to pray for. To seek.
Tĕlĕb, to compress; to press upon so as to make solid, or more united.
Tĕlĕb, heavy, weigthy. A great weight in a small compass.
Tĕléktékapi, a kind of parsley planted in the humahs.
Tĕlĕkung, a handkerchief worn on the head, — in the way peculiar to Malays and other inhabitants of the Asiatic Archipelago. Kung in Malay, Marsden, page 274, is the rainbow. The word Kung implies in a circle, in a fillet, and the tie is often put on in a round fillet with the crown of the head bare. See Ikat, Kungkung, and Kungkuwung. Originally this article of apparel may have been a bit of bark of the Artocarpus, or Tĕurĕup, twisted round the head to keep the hair bound together. ​Crawfurd, in his Dissertation to his Malay Dictionary, at page 49, says, that Barbosa describes the Javanese as trading at Malacca in the beginning of the 15th century, before the Portuguese conquest. They had, he says, no clothing form the waist upwards, and no covering to the head, but dressed their hair in a peculiar fashion.
Tĕlik, to look at attentively or wistfully. To gaze, to espy, to watch.
Tĕl-tĕl, expressive of laying hold of branches, and swinging form one to another, as the monkeys do in the forest.
Tĕluh, magic. Poisoned by the artifices of incantation. Whenever a person gets unaccountably ill, anything out of the common, they say: Gĕus di tĕluh dĕungan, he has been magically poisoned by some one not of his family.
Tĕluk, a bend in a river. A bay or bend in the coast. An inlet. Etymon, Luk, which see. Tĕluk Bĕtung, the Lampung Bay in the straits of Anjir.
Tĕlur, the testicles.
Témbak, to shoot with a gun. To fire at, to aim at. The acceptation of firing at must be modern, since the knowledge of fire-arms, but might have applied formerly to shooting with bows and arrows. The m in this and some following words, seems of same force as the Um used with words beginning with Tum, and Témbak may thus be derived from Téwak, to seize, to catch, to lay hold of, and Témbak may thus be: to shoot at with a view of seizing. The w being changed into b after the m for the sake of euphony.
Témbangan, the air of a song, the tune. Measure of intonation.
Tĕmbĕk, to dam up the course of a stream of water, so as to form a pond or lake. See Tambakan. To stop the course of water.
Tĕmbing, steep, precipitous, with an acclivity. Probably derived from Nawing, perpendicular, in same manner as Témbak from Téwak.
Témbok, a wall. A wall of brick or stone and mortar. Seems to have a parity of origin with Tĕmbĕk, to dam up. In Malay, Marsden, 82, Timbuk, an embankment, dyke, rampart. A wall.
Témbong, visible, in sight, perceived. To see. Po-ék, to témbong, it is dark and I cannot see. Témbong ti luhur kayu, sighted from the top of a tree.
Témbongkĕn, to cause to see. To make visible. Ulah di témbongkĕn, do not let it be seen.
Tĕmboro, name of a mountain in Sumbawa, from which proceeded, in 1815, the greatest volcanic eruption on record.
Tĕmĕgong, the same as Tumagung or Tumunggung.
Tĕmĕn, in earnest. To mean it. Intentional. Tĕmĕn di gawé, to work in earnest. Tĕmĕn sia daik ngabĕdah, do you mean it that you will open out new sawahs. Lain tĕmĕn, it was not intentional.
​Témpang, heavy at one end, as in carrying anything on a Pananggung. Weight not evenly distributed or adjusted.
Témpangan, to trim a boat by removing part of the goods or passengers to prevent it remaining lop-sided, and bring it on an even keel. To make a counterpoise, to ounterbalance.
Tĕmpas, struck or hit without intention.
Témpél, to cause to adhere. To plaster or stick on. To fix on with paste, gum, glue or the like. Adjoining. Daluang dua lambar ari di témpél jadi siji, two sheets of paper, when plastered together, become one. Surat na gĕus di témpél di pasar, the writing has been stuck up in the market.
Témpélan, any small space, thing or bit added to something larger, and in this sense is often applied to a bit of Chégér or Humah when made in addition to a sawah.
Témpo, Portuguese. In Malay it means — „in the time of” — „during” — for which Alam is used in Sunda, whereas they apply to Témpo the meaning of: the time has come, the emergency is upon us, all's up. In which sense they also use the derivative word Rarémpo, which see. Jélĕma éta gĕus tĕmpo, that man's time is come, it's all up with him.
Témpong, to shove off a boat with a pole or boat-hook. To use a pole to keep a boat from running against anything.
Tĕmpuh, to attack, to fall upon, to set upon. Musuh di tĕmpuh ĕukĕur njabrang, the enemy were attacked whilst crossing the river.
Těmpuhkěn, to lay to the charge of. To accuse. To bring to account of. To hold liable. To cause to pay or make good any injury. Kĕbo lĕungit di tĕmpuhkĕn ka orang jaga, the buffaloes were lost and the watchman was made to pay for them.
Tĕmu, a variety of scitameneous plants, useful in a variety of ways, either economically or medicinally. More usually called Konéng, which see.
Tĕmu kunchi, a plant like Chikur.
Tĕnang, a small variety of Chokrom, which creeps along tho ground and has a very small fruit.
Tĕnang, or Pasang těnang, the water-course which in Bantam leads out of the Danu or Lake, to the sea between Anjir and Chiringin. Ténang, Marsden, 87, still, stagnant, smooth, calm; — as it is little above the sea, perhaps when the tide rises, the waters in this course becomes stagnant.
Tĕndas, the head, the head of any object, — said rather disparagingly. Tĕndas na tah sia, you blockhead, you perverse chap.
Tĕnĕpi, an abbreviation of To nĕpi, not long enough, not reaching across. Insufficient. See Nĕpi, and Tĕpi.
Téng'ah, half; the middle. Sa téng'ah, one half. Téng'ah modar, half dead. Di téng'ah chai in the middle of the river. Di téng'ah-téng'ah, in the very middle, in the midst.
​Téng'ah pĕuting, midnight.
Téng'ah poi, mid-day, noon.
Teng'ahan, towards the middle. Do it at the middle.
Téng'ahkĕn, to divide in two equal parts.
Téng'ang'ni, noon, mid-day. Téng'ah, middle. Ang'ni is apparently the day, but is not Sunda. Clough, page 216, gives Gnani, a wise or learned man, a sage, but particularly one skilled in astronomy and the powers of the planetary system over the affairs and destiny of man. An astrologer. And thus Téng'ah-gnani or Téng'ang'ni, would be the astronomer's, or rather astrologer's middle (of day).
Téng'éng, speaking with a harsh, shrill voice. A peculiarity in the voice of some men, which makes them speak as if squeaking.
Tĕng'ĕr, a mark or sign placed upon anything, by which to recognize it again.
Tĕng'ĕran, to put a mark on anything, by which it may be known again.
Ténggék, to gaze, to keep looking at.
Ténggék cha-ah, the flood-gazer, -name of a small tree growing by riversides. Nauclea Orientalis.
Tĕnggĕlkĕn, to hit, to strike. Di tĕnggĕlkĕn ka téng'áh imah, he directed the stroke to the middle of the house. Di tĕnggĕlkĕn ka na kakiping pedati, he made it hit the pedaty-wheel.
Ténggor, to strike without intention. Inadvertently hit.
Tĕng'i, rancid, rank, ill-flavoured, — as rancid butter.
Téngkas, to kick lightly with the hind foot.
Téng'os, to cut the end of bambu or wood with a slope.
Téngténg, to carry under the arm, with the hand down towards the thigh. To carry by placing between the body and the arm. To carry as a tiger would do, partly held up with one paw.
Téngténg, a kind of cake made of kĕtan rice, which is whole and not ground down to flour. It is mixed with a little Java sugar and packed in small square blocks, in a wrapper of plantain-leaves which have been dried.
Ténjo, to look from afar, to discry. To survey from a distance. To have a distant prospect.
Ténjo, name of a forest-tree, which gives a gum like Gum Copal. This gum is used instead of Benjamin, when propitiating the Guriangs or mountain-spirits.
Ténong, a round basket made of split bambu, generally 5 or 6 inches thick, and flat both below and above, and from about half a foot to a foot in diameter. These baskets are generally painted red and black, and are used by women for holding sewing materials.
​Tépa, and Tépakĕn, infected. To convey a disease to another person by coming in contact with him. Kuris di tépakĕn ka batur, the small pox was transferred by infection to the neighbours.
Tĕpak, to clap with the hand. Di tĕpak, to pat, to caress by patting with the hand.
Tĕpak-tĕpuk, to keep patting with the hand. To fondle by patting.
Tĕpas, that part of a native house, which is reached after descending a little from the main body of the house, which is called the gagajah. It is thus a kind of side-gallery or hall to the house, and is either pager-ed or fenced within the compass of the main house or left open to view from without. The tĕpas is under that part of the roof which has another and less rapid slope, than that over the gagajah. Tapas, in Malay, Marsden, page 77: place, quarter, side.
Tĕpi, see Nĕpi, reaching to, extending as far as. Up to, at. Ari tĕpi ka Batawi, on getting to Batavia. Awi nu tĕpi ka sabrang, a bambu which will reach across the river.
Téplok, to fling mud, clay, or any soft watery substance against a wall or other place, so that it may adhere.
Téplos, name of a small black ant found on the ground. The bite is very painful for a moment but soon goes off. Tép, the sensation of pain; los, going away, — as the ant nips and then immediately goes off, does not remain biting.
Tĕpok and tĕpuk, in a larger and deeper toned degree what Tĕpak is in a smaller degree. Di tĕpak tĕpok, to pat and slap (in play or to evince pleasure). Said especially when patting buffaloes. See Tétĕpokan.
Tĕpung, up with, even up with. Reaching to another object so as to touch it; in close contact; in juxtaposition. Kayu na hanto tĕpung ka sabrang, the wood does not reach to the opposite side of the river. Tĕpung ka imah, being in contact with the house. Having reached home. Tĕpung ka Batawi, on arriving at Batavia.
Tĕpus, a scitameneous plant, Geanthus Coccineus.
Tĕrap, to take into your head; to be of inclination; wilfully disposed. Ari tĕrap to suka, if he takes it into his head not to be pleased.
Tĕrapkĕn, to put together, as carpentry or any other materials. To set up in order. To secure in their proper places.
Tĕras, to splice a carrying- stick. To tie on an extra piece of stick to strengthen it.
Téré, the relationships that result from the marriages of those who already have children. The word Téré answers in this sense to Step in English. Bapa téré, step-father. Indung téré, step-mother. Anak téré, step-child. It may perhaps be the same as téréh, quick, hasty, form the relationships immediately taking place on marriage.
Tĕrĕbang, a tambourine; a large shallow drum instrument used in marriage processions and on other occasions of festivity, called in Malay Rabana.
​Tĕrĕka, to accuse. To lay to a man's charge.
Tĕrĕlĕng, a variety of bambu, small and hard in wood, like Atĕr and like it much used for boathooks.
Tĕrĕtĕs, name of a variety of rattan. Calamus Oblongus. Lasts well in water.
Térong, the egg-plant. This word is properly Malay, but is nevertheless sometimes used. It is properly Chokrom in Sunda. Solanum Melongena. In Cochin Chinese Trung is an egg.
Téros, narrow or thin towards one end, such as a bambu, or any other object which is narrower at one end than at the other.
Tés, the idiomatic expression indicative of the fall or drop of water. Tahang na iris tés bai chai na ragragan, the cask is leaky and the water keeps falling out by drops. See Tétés.
Tésbong, a weed in the mountain humahs, called also Emboh and Sayaga.
Tési, a Chinese earthenware spoon.
Tĕtapi, but, howbeit, same as Tapi.
Tĕtĕb, two hatĕups bound upon each other, one a little in rear of the other, with the tag ends cut off, and which are tied on, at the eaves of a house to give a firm edging.
Tĕtébéng, to hide oneself by holding up something before the person.
Tĕtĕg, firm, fixed, not shaking. Compact.
Tétéh, elder sister. Vide Achĕuk.
Tĕtĕng'ĕr, from Tĕng'ĕr, which see. Anything used as a mark or sign, and put upon any object, whereby it may be recognized.
Tĕténjo-an, a distant view. What is seen from a distance.
Tĕtĕp, secure, unmolested; firm; contented, confident.
Tĕtĕpkĕn, to cause assurance, to establish, to secure.
Tĕtĕpokan, the round of the rump, especially of beasts. The sirloin. See Tĕpok. It thus means literally that part which you slap or pat with the hand.
Tétés, what comes out by drop; leakings, drippings. A drop. Gula tétés, mollasses; the sugar-water which comes out of the laus, drop by drop, whilst sugar is being clayed. See Tés.
Tĕtĕundĕunan, something put away; something secreted.
Tĕto-élan, same as To-él, which see; to poke at a person in fun, especially at a woman.
Tĕu-as, hard, firm. Kayu na tĕu-as, the wood is hard. Tĕu-as kabina-bina, excessively hard.
Tĕu-ĕul, and Tĕu-ĕulkĕn, to press upon, to press down.
Tĕula, said of soil which is stiff and will not break fine when worked up. Tanĕuh tĕula, stiff adhesive clay, bad soil.
Tĕulĕui, directly, straightways, forthwith.
​Tĕundĕun, to put, to place. To stow away, to lay by. To put away for future use.
Tĕundĕut, and Tĕundĕutkĕn, to ram in, to cause, to pierce , to stab. Péso tĕundĕut, a dagger, a knife for stabbing.
Tĕunĕung, daring, fearless, bold.
Tĕunggĕul, to strike, to lick, to wallop, to thrash.
Tĕupa, to work iron, to work as a blacksmith.
Tĕurak, to take effect, to make an impression, to leave a mark, to hit. Ku gobang aing mohal to tĕurak, with my weapon you may be sure it will cut. Batu di tĕurakkĕn ka kĕbo, stones so thrown that they hit buffaloes. To nĕurak, it did not hit.
Tĕurap, to belch, to eructate wind from the throat.
Tĕurĕui, to swallow, to gulp down.
Tĕurĕup, name of a tree, Artocarpus Elastica. The bark is very stringy, and makes tough durable rope. The leaf is large and deeply indented, especially when the tree is young.
Tĕurĕup arĕui, name of a tree, Ficus Depressa.
Tĕuwĕl, a diminutive black bee with white face. It makes its nest in any small holes about woodwork or in walls and has honey. Sting trifling.
Tĕuwĕuk, or Tĕwĕk, to stab, to run a weapon or instrument endways into any object.
Tĕuyn, in excessive degree, very, too. Panjang tĕuyn, too long. Pondok tĕuyn, too short. Haliwu tĕuyn, very much disturbance. Tĕuyn éta ma, that is too bad; that is in quite an excessive degree. Ku tĕuyn, I cannot endure it; it is too bad. Also too good, surprisingly good. In an excessive degree.
Téwak, to seize, to catch hold of. To catch, to snatch at. Néwak kotok, to catch a fowl. Di téwak ĕukĕur hibĕr, he caught it as it flew past.
Ti, from. Ti mana, from where, where do you come from? Ti imah, from home. Ti jauh, from a distance. Ti is extensively used in the formation of some compound words, of which examples may be seen below, though the crude root, from which such words are derived, it not always manifest, or may have become obsolete. It often indicates a verbal active form, as Guling, rolling in a heap, laid at length, Tiguling, to roll, to run off by rolling. Vide Tinchak.
Tiap, every, each. Mostly used in the duplicated form, Tiap-tiap. Tiap-tiap poi, every day. Tiap-tiap jélĕma, each individual man.
Tiba, if only; if by way of exception; if by chance. Tiba siji hadé, di ala, if there was but one good, I would take it. Tiba mĕunang nu gĕdé, if by chance we could get a large one.
Tibah, to fall upon, to drop from a height and hit. Buah kadu ragrag, tibah ka hulu jélĕma, a durian-fruit dropped and fell upon the head of a man. This word would appear to be derived from Ti, which see, and Baha, C. 466, placed, fixed, put, settled.
Tibahkĕn, to fling out, to scatter. To fling upon, to impose upon, to apportion. To ​
    impose, as a share of work, of a tax, or of any contribution to be made. Pipajĕgĕun to mahi, nibahkĕn dĕui ka batur, we had not got enough to pay the tax, so we apportioned further upon the companions (people). Bĕdul di nu lĕgok di tibahkĕn ku batu, there was a pig in a hollow, and we flung stones upon it. Tibahkĕn binih, to scatter out seed for growing.
Tibalik, turned upside down, inverted.
Tiban, an expression in the opium farm. That certain and fixed quantity of opium which the farmer must take monthly form Government at a certain rate.
Tidagor, hit, struck, injured by a thump, bumped.
Tidékos, put out of joint. Said of a limb which is injured.
Tindinyo, from that, from that very spot. Thence.
Tiĕup, to blow. Di tiĕup angin, it was blown by the wind. Tiĕup sĕunĕuh, to blow the fire,— means to light a fire.
Tiguling, to roll over and over; to roll down a hill.
Tihang, a post, a pillar, a long pole. A mast.
Tihang bandéra, a flag staff.
Tihang layar, literally a post for a sail; a mast. The upright piece in a Chinese plough.
Ti-is, cold, cool. Chi ti-is, cold water. Ti-is lĕungĕun, cold handed, which means a person in whose hands matters prosper, in contradistinction to Panas lĕungĕun, which is the reverse.
Tiké, a sort of grass growing on the sea shore.
Tikĕ1, to fold or bend together any narrow or stringy substance, as a rope, a string, piece of plant, straw, grass, etc. See Tilep. Probably derived from Ikal, curly as the hair, as if bent and twisted.
Tikĕl-balung, literally bent- bones. Name of a plant with thin, narrow stem like bits of string, which yield a white juice. A variety of Euphorbia Tirucalli.
Tikĕskĕn, to snap a tender plant so that it hangs downwards.
Tikiwari, at the this present moment. See Kiwari. Sometimes Tikiwari is from this moment.
Tikoro, the throat, the gullet. The passage from the mouth to the stomach.
Tikukur, Columba tigrina, the turtle-dove, which is so often heard cooing about houses or the haunts of man. See Kukuruyuk. In Malay Kukur is a turtle-dove; Marsden, 275.
Tikusuruk, to fall in running and scrub oneself along the ground. To fall from a height, as from a tree, scrubbing the body along the object during the fall.
Tilam, anything spread out under another, as a cloth on a table (under the dishes), a carpet, carpetting, bedding, a mat to sit on, leaves spread out to support anything and keep it clean. Imah di tilaman samak, the house was lined (on the floor) with mats.
Tilas, to cut anything which is not very thick or hard, as small sticks, bambus, sugar-cane, vegetables in a garden or the like. To cut such objects as may be cut at one moderate stroke. ​Tilĕm, to dive, to disappear under water.
Tilĕp, to fold together any broad, flat substance, as a piece of cloth or the like. See Tikel. Eta injuk tilĕpken ka jĕro, fold that injuk inwards.
Tilĕung, squinting, cock-eyed.
Tilil, name of a bird, a sort of water-wagtail.
Tilok, never, never by chance. Compounded of To, the negative no, not, and Ilok, sometimes.
Tilu, three, also sometimes Talu, and Tolu, which see.
Tilu-blas, or Tilu-wĕlas, thirteen.
Tilu-puluh, thirty.
Timah, tin, lead. The former distinguished as Timah putih, white tin, and the latter as Timah hidĕung, black tin.
Timah-sari, spelter, much used for making brass. Sari, see voce; thus the flower of tin or lead, or the metal which gives beauty (to copper).
Timba, a small bucket used for dipping water out of a well. This timba is often made of light materials, as the young leaves of some palm-tree, matted together, or of upik.
Timbang, to weigh; to put in scales or on a steelyard to weigh. To take into consideration, to ponder, to balance in the mind. To estimate. To make levels with square and plummet. To balance or trim a boat, or any other conveyance or object on which we rest.
Timbangan, scales. Any contrivance for weighing. Balance, counterpoise, consideration, adjustment, fairness.
Timbul, to rise to the surface. To appear by rising. To float upward. To spring or shoot up as seeds; to germinate. To arise, to emerge. To appear after absence. The etymon of the word is Bul, rising up, which see.
Timbulkĕn, to cause to appear, to bring to light.
Timburuan, jealous. Instigated by jealousy.
Timpa, to strike by falling on. To smite, to beat. To forge with a hammer. To stamp, to impress with some machine.
Timpug, to fling with violence upon. To throw anything with violence down upon another. Di timpug ku batu, he smashed down stones upon him. A way of taking fish is called Timpug. Upon a stone, under which fish are supposed to be concealed, another heavy stone is flung, whereby said fish are stunned, and can be easily taken in the hand.
Timu, to find, to search and get. To comprehend. Timu di jalan, found it on the road. To timu rasiyah na, I do not comprehend that secret. To timu kaharti na, I do not comprehend its meaning.
Timur, the east, eastern. The word appears to be derived front the sun rising into view in the morning. See Ur, with the Ti as a preposition, and the intervention of m for euphony.
Timur-kalér, north-east. ​Timur-kidul, south-east.
Timur, name of a large island in the south-east part of the Archipelago, famous for good horses and bees-wax.
Tinchak and Tinchakan, to tread upon, to set foot upon. This word is formed from the particle Ti, which see, and Inchak, which in Malay is Injak, to tread or to trample.
Tindak, and Tindak-tanduk, due respect to great men.
Tindakkěn, to cause to start; to start off any one. See Nindak.
Tindih, di tindih, to bore the ears for earrings. See Tundukan.
Tindih, to lie upon, to be superincumbent. To overlay, to press one upon another. To put a person under some necessity or obligation to do something.
Tindihkĕn, to place or fling upon. To put under an obligation. Lauk kěbo harga sapuluh rupiyah di tindihkěn ka lumbur itu, buffalo-flesh to the value of ten rupees was sent to that village (to be divided among the people, who must pay for it). Kěbo bějad ai tindihkěn ka bujang, to distribute the flesh of a worked up buffalo among a lot of paid labourers (who have to pay for what they get).
Ting, an idiomatic expression difficult to translate but approaches nearest to: being, were, — from to be, and generally precedes words made plural. Ting nararangtung bai, they were all standing up. Ting hararadé, they were all good. Ting gararěblěg, they were a parcel of fools. Ting pororondok těněpi, being all so short they would not reach across.
Tingali and Tingalian, to view, to inspect, to behold, to examine.
Ting'as, to cut a piece of wood or bambu at their end with a slope or inclination, not sharp off.
Tin'gat, to remember, to call to memory. Recollected.
Tinggal, Hoih tinggal, a handsome variety of mottled rattan, in request for walking sticks. It is found only about Java Head and on Princes Island.
Tinggal, to remain over, to be left, to be as a remainder. Tinggal tilu děui, three remain over, — only three are left. To be left behind; to die, to decease.
Tinggalkěn, to leave behind, to desert, to abandon. Di tinggalkěn di lěuwěung, we left him in the forest. Sawah di tinggalkěn, we abandoned our sawahs.
Tinggalung, rails for the verandah of a house. Neatly cut upright rails.
Tinggang, to hit, to strike, to touch, to come in contact with.
Tinggang, a variety of turmeric with unpleasant smell.
Tingka, airs, assumed importance; department, behavior. Tanka, 216, pride, arrogance.
Tinjĕl, a small cocoa-nut growing on the south coast of Bantam, said to be very rich in oil. Pulo Tinjĕl, a small island off the south coast of Bantam, said to have many of these cocoa-nuts.
Tinun, to weave, to weave cloth. In composition often heard as Ninun, which is perhaps indicative of the motion of the shuttle passing backwards and forwards through the web: Nin-nun. ​Tinunan, the object wove , the web.
Tipagut, to get a wound or hurt on upper part of body. See Titajong.
Tipar, dry land ploughed up to plant paddy in the same way as corn is planted in Europe. Contradistinguished from Sawah and Humah, which see.
Tipatĕr, stuck fast in mud or mire. See Patĕran.
Tiplĕk, a long narrow basket with a spring door to close it, set in rivers to catch fish and especially eels. When the fish has got well in he pulls at a bait, whereby be closes the door behind him.
Tiporos, said of the foot slipping into a narrow hole. Said of the foot of either man or beast which sinks down either into the earth or through a rotten bridge or the like.
Tipu, to deceive by art, to impose upon. Deceit, wile, stratagem.
Tipung, flour , meal. Tipung tarigo, wheaten flour. Béas di tipung, the rice was made into flour.
Tiram, oysters , ostrea.
Tiris, having the sensation of cold on the body. Shivering with cold.
Tirta, a word occurring in the composition of proper names, meaning water. Raffles gives Tirta for water in his Vocabulary of Kawi words supplied by the Panambahan of Sumenap. Raffles' Java, Appendix.
Tirta-yasa, name of one of the former Sultans of Bantam, who cut a canal from the Chidurian into the Under-Andir river. The canal is also known by the same name, or as the Sultan's canal, and means: Tirta, in Kawi, water, and Yasa, C. 572, fame, glory, celebrity = the famous water. This canal is also known by the name of Daro.
Tiru, to imitate, to mock another man's ways and manners. Tiruwā, C. 233, a fool, a simpleton. Perhaps confounded by the Polynesians with mocking, imitating, from a man making a fool of himself by mocking others.
Tiruk, to insert a needle in and out of cloth several times when sewing, and then drawing the thread through. To herring-bone.
Tisaradat, fallen in consequence of slipping on the ground.
Tisuk, name of a tree. Hibiscus Spathaceus.
Titah, to command, to order, to direct. To issue a mandate. Di tilah kadiyo, I have ordered him to come here. Titah mĕuli paré, order him to buy paddy. Di titah undur, they have ordered them to go backwards, — to return.
Titahan, to give an order. Order given. A person sent on an errand.
Titajong, to knock the foot against anything. To get a wound in the foot. See Tipagut.
Titi, due respect to great men.
Titinchak, anything to step on. A stepping-stone in a river. A lit of wood or bambu set anywhere to stand upon.
Titip and Titipan, to consign or give over into the care of another. To entrust. Njatu gula titipan, to eat sugar which has been given us in trust: to violate a trust, not able to resist the sweets although entrusted to pur honour. (An almost universal ​failing of the natives, for which they have thus a very appropriate designation).
Titir, to strike a drum so as to beat an alarm. To beat the tocsin.
Tiwar, a scent of information, a suggestion of some occurrence. A hint.
Tiwas, done for, overtaken by some mishap. Severely injured. Killed, worsted, beaten. Irreparably damaged.
Tiwu, sugar-cane. The word is sometimes pronounced Towu. Saccharum Officinarum. This word appears to be derived from the prefix Ti and Wu or Bhu, C. 688, to be, from the nature of its rapid growth up into a stick. In Malay the word is Těbu, which gives the etymon in its other shape. See Tumbu, with which it appears to have much affinity. Taw is suger-cane at Tonga, and To, at the Marquesas and Tahiti. Or it may have come from the Tamil, Tittip, sweet, or Tulugu, ipi, sweet, and Uk, sugar-cane in Singhalese, which is also very likely Sanscrit, and thus sweet-cane. Ook or oog in Formosa, where a Polynesian race is found, means a bambu, and may have originally had a common origin.
Tiwu-ěndog, the egg-sugar-cane, A variety of sugar-cane, of which the tops are boiled and eaten, being a congeries of small round seeds, like the roe of a fish.
Tiyěr, to string, to fix on a string by sticking a bit of stiff bambu string through any objects so as to have them slung together. To fasten together by running a bit of string consecutively through several objects.
Tiyung, a veil; anything thrown over the head to shade the face from sight or from the sun.
Tiyungan, to veil, to cover from sight.
Tiyup, and Tiyupan, to blow, to puff. To sound a musical wind-instrument. Di tiyup angin, it was blown by the wind. Seuněuh kudu di tiyupan, the fire must be blown. Tiyup suling, to blow the flute.
Tiyuwan, a hornet. A large wasp, an inch and one half long, which gives so violent a sting, that it sometimes gives the natives a fit of fever. It builds its nest on trees, of light dry grassy matter cemented together. It is black with a yellow patch round the middle of the lower body. It is most probably an Asilus.
To, a particle of negation, being an abbreviation of Hanto, no, not. To daikkěn, I am unwilling, I won't. To hadé, not good, that will not do. To ngurus, I don't care, that's no matter of mine.
Toa, uncle or aunt when older than our father or mother. The word Toa is only applied to persons of low degree.
Tobat, Arabic, an interjection of surprise, wonderful! mercy on us! To repent of, to rue so as to swear not to do so again. Repentance. Gěus tobat mohal děděuyan, I repent it and will not attempt it again. Tobat! sia to ngadeng'i ka parentah, the deuce take it, won't you listen to orders.
Tobél, a sort of diminutive of Tobat, and expresses a less decisive wonder, aversion, or intention to repent.
​Toblong, with a hole broken through the bottom or side, so that you can see through. Burst open in a gap.
Toblongan, to make a hole in. To make or force an opening.
Toblos, burst open, disrupted.
To-él, to touch lightly with the point of the finger, or with the point of a stick. To touch by reaching at from a distance. To tickle a young woman, to poke at her in fun.
Togaran, to beat or thump violently,—as with a crowbar or with a beam of wood. Using a crowbar to burst open anything.
Togé, the kachang taněuh, or ground-nut swollen and burst with vegetation, by exposure to wet. Such Togé being fried is eaten and considered by the natives as a delicacy.
Togog, a character in Pantuns, the son of Samar; he is represented as a monkey.
Tohaga, strong and powerful.
Tojér and Tojérkén, to kick out with the feet. To shove and stamp at with the foot. Di tojér ku suku, he stamped at it with his foot.
Tojérěun, at the feet. Near the place where the feet come, as the end of a bed, or end of a sofa, where the feet are when lying down. A refined expression.
Tojo-an, to work at here and there. To pick out here and there. To do something at here and there. Not each and every one, but only some. Di mana nu goréng kudu di tojo-an di hadéan, wherever it is bad you must repair it here and there.
Tok, the idiomatic expression of knocking. Tok bai di kětrokan, rapping he gave it a knock. Tok-tokan, to rap, to knock at.
Toké, a large description of house lizard, called in Malay Géko. Both words being taken from the peculiar loud cry of the animal. A large one is six inches long in body with a tail of five inches more. The animal is nearly four inches in circumference round the belly, bites hard and is speckled with various colours. It walks and runs along the ceiling of a room as easy as on a flat table, the paws being peculiarly formed for that purpose.
Tokér, to push backwards with the foot. To give a shove at with the foot so as to throw backwards. See Tajong, to kick forwards.
Toko, the weevil in rice. A small black beetle which never fails to make its appearance in rice which has been ground some time. It is the Calandra Oryzae.
Toko, the shop of an European. A merchant's office. A place where merchandise is sold.
Tolok, bambu baskets with lids fitting to them, for the purpose of carrying any goods with greater safety. Two such Toloks are generally carried by one man, one at each end of a stick laid across the shoulders.
Tolu, three, more frequently Tilu, but Tolu is in constant use at Jasinga. To-lu is probably To-ru, not of one appearance, disparity, as two was expressed by Rua = parity. In many of the languages of Polynesia three is expressed by Talu, Télu or Tolu, all having evidently the same meaning. Oru occurs at Saparua, Toru at the Marquesas, ​and Kolu at the Sandwich Islands. Bougainville gives Atorou, three, for Tahiti.
Tomas, the same as Katomas, name of a plant, Justicia.
Tomo, a small globural coarse earthenware cooking pot, with small aperture at top, used for boiling rice in small quantities, etc. etc.
Tong, a tub, a cask, in this respect is the same as Tahang; but Tong is something of smaller dimensions, and thus not a vat or receiver.
Tong'érét, an insect which makes a screaming noise in thick old forests, generally in the latter part of the day.
Tonggéngkěn, to set with the bottom upwards. To invert. To set with the rump sticking upwards.
Tonggo, above, relatively higher up. The converse of Lando, which is lower down. Di tonggo, up the hill, on the top of any eminence.
Tonggong, the back of man or brute. Tulang tonggong, the back-bone.
Tongkeng, name of a climber with flower, Pergularia Odorata. Tonkin, C. 246, name of a plant, Pergularia Odoratissima.
Tongkob, the whole covering materials along the ridge, poles of a thatched house. Two hatěups tied together, so that their respective ends overlap each other, having the jějalon on each outer edge. See Pangěrong, Wuwung and Adu-kěbo.
Tongkol, same as Totongkol, a fish in the sea.
Tong'o, a flea on fowls or on poultry.
Tongsan, a name for China, given to it by the Chinese.
Tongtong, a large piece of wood, hollowed out and hung up in guardhouses to sound an alarm with by beating.
Tongtoyong, to go a hunting, or out shooting on foot,—not in a cart. To peep and watch game as it comes out to feed, with the view of shooting it.
Tonjok, to strike with the clenched fist by lunging it out straight from you.
To nyana, I should not have thought it. It does not look likely. See Nyana.
To-ong, to look at, to peep. Also to make a visit to take a look at. Batur gěring kudu di to-ong, when your friends are ill, you must go and look after them. Di to-ong ti na bongbok, he peeped at him through a chink.
Toop or Tōp, a native trading vessel. A native sea-going craft.
Top, the idiomatic expression for taking hold of, of taking in the hand. Catch hold! Top tumbak, lěng ka lěuwěung, laying hold of his spear, off he went to the forest.
Topékong, name given by the Javanese and Malays to the principal idol of a Chinese temple. Imah topékong, the topékong-house, a Chinese temple.
Topéng, a mask, masks of wood painted fancifully or to represent monstrous figures, used by the natives at certain entertainments.
Topi, a hat, any covering for the head when abroad in the open air. Toppiya, C. 245, a hat, a bonnet.
Topo, a piece of white cloth carried about the person by way of a wipe or handkerchief.
​Torék, deaf, not hearing.
Toro, an overall jacket, a sort of smock frock, worn by both men and women. The Toro has no opening down the length of it, and most resembles a woman's gown, but is sewed up like a sack, with of course both ends open.
Torog, to swap, to exchange. To add something in swapping.
Torombolan, not even and regular, in patches, here good there bad. Paré na torombolan amat, the paddy is in patches, in many places has not come up, or has failed.
Toropong, same as the more usual Tropong; a weaver's shuttle; a spyglass, a telescope, from Ropong, having an aperture throughout, tube-shaped.
Totog, to drive down anything with a piece of wood, as with a monkey. To strike by hitting with the end of any instrument, as with a piece of wood or with a beam.
Totogan, a monkey for driving piles.
Totogan, is the name of a part of the native loom, viz the flat piece of plank which lies horizontally in the mortises of the Changchangan, and around which the loose unwoven threads are arranged.
Totogkěn, to strike with the end of a stick or beam, driven end-ways on.
Totok, a lamp-stand.
Totongkol, name of a fish in the sea.
Totol, to daub, to cover with spots or blotches. To vaccinate, from making several small punctures on the skin for that purpose. Tukang totol, a man who vaccinates.
Totos, cut through, pierced. Terminated as any dispute or question. Tachan daik totos, it is not yet cut through. Pelkara sawah téa ayěunah totos, that story about the sawah is now terminated.
Totujon or Tutujon, unevenly, not all alike. Some getting and some not getting. Some long some short. With various success. Under various circumstances.
Towéksa, wonder, astonishment.
Towong, an opening in the forest through which you can see clear. A gap in a forest,—said especially of such a gap on the mountains.
Towu, sugar-cane. Some people and villages pronounce thus the more usual Tiwu, which see.
Toya, water, in the composition of proper names. Toya, C. 246, water.
Toyok, said of buffalloe horns when they project in front of the head, when they have a forward direction.
Traju, a balance, scales to weigh with,—not a steelyard.
Trang, clear, especially a case before a police authority. Correct and proper. Not against law. The more usual word in Sunda for clear is Cha-ang, and the Malay word Trang appears to be ter-aäng = trang.
Trangkěn, to enlighten, to make clear. To clear up any matter.
Trawangsa, a native musical instrument, a lute, an oblong box with 3 or 4 cords on it like those of a fiddle, but which are played with the fingers.
Tripang, Holothurion, a black sea-slug, collected and dried for the China market; called also Sawala, when alive in the sea. ​Trisula, a trident, a three pronged spear. Trisula, C. 251, a trident, a three pointed spear, borne in the hand of Kattargamdeviyo , as the emblem of his character, he being the God of war. It is one of the distinguishing marks of Siwa.
Tropong, the shuttle of the native loom. It is made of a joint of the Awi tamiang and holds the Kérékan whilst passing between the threads of the web. A spyglass, a telescope.
Trubuk, roes of fish, preserved with salt, imported from the straits of Malacca.
Trus, through, from one side to the other. Right through. Throughout, straight forward, keep on. Gone through, pierced through.
Trus měněrus, going through every thing. Making your way through the jungle. Passing along unbeaten tracts.
Trusi, green vitriol, verdigrease. Copperas.
Trusnawati, generally called Dayang Trusnawati, the Damsel Trusnawati. A female personage in the old mythology of Java, of whom an account is given in the Manek Maya in Appendix H of Raffles' Java, where she is called Trésna Wati. An account is there given of a wonderful Chupu or basket which contained the gem Retna Dumila, and which were changed, the former into a Bali Simarakata, the latter into a virgin, to whom Sang Yang Guru gave the name of Trésna Wati, and who continued to remain in the Bali Simarakata till she grew up. Sang Yang Guru afterwards taking a fancy to the virgin, wished to make her his wife. She consented on condition of his giving her such proof as she required of his divinity and power, and that was by his supplying her with three things, viz, 1st a suit of elegant apparel, which would last her for ever, without being in the least tarnished,—2$^{dly}$ a meal which would cause her never to feel hunger more,—3$^{dly}$ a musical instrument called Gatoplak, of the most melodious sound. Trisnäwa, C. 251, desire, wish, anxious longing, lust. Wati, C. 618, a woman of property; a female possessing great wealth. Thus literally—Dayang Trusnawati the damsel who was desirable from her wealth. The second gift of Sang Yang Guru to the damsel has been assumed to be rice, and in Jampé used at paddy planting, the name of the Dayang Trusnawati frequently occurs.
Tua, the short for Tuba, which see. A matter used to intoxicate fish.
Tua-bangka, an expression used to designate an old good-for-nothing chap, who is always full of some mischief.
Tuah, sin, crime, offence. The agency or means of doing something wrong, mischief, misdeed. Saha nu bogah tuah, who has done it, whose crime is it? Tuah batur, the misdeed of a neighbour. To tuah, to dosa, neither the mischief nor crime is mine,—I had no share in the transaction.
Tuan, a gentleman. Sir! Mr. A term applied to natives of high birth or rank, to all European men, and to Arabs. It serves as the pronoun you, when addressing a person of importance, a European or a superior. Derived from Tua, old in Malay, with the suffix an = an elder, age commanding respect, and in a primative state of society, ​the elders having been the chiefs. Tuan Děmang, Tuan Adipati, Tuan taněuh, a Lord of the manor, a landholder. Tuan Resident.—Tuan daik ka mana, where are you going, Sir? Di béré ku tuan, the gentleman gave it me.
Tuan Bězar, Malay: the Great Gentleman. The name by which the Governor General of Java is known.
Tuang, to pour out a molten metal. To make castings of metal.
Tuang-kuring, your very humble servant, your obedient slave. A very submissive designation of self by a man speaking to his superior. Kuring is already a very humble designation of self, and Tuang is perhaps the same as Tuang or Tuwang, to pour out molten metal, to make castings, and if this is correct, Tuang kuring will imply: your obedient slave, whom you can pour out into any shape you please.
Tuar, to cut down, to fell as a tree. Figuratively to undermine, to bring into disgrace with any one in authority. Di tuar děungan, I have been felled by other folks, I have been injured by intrigue. Tangal éta kudu di tuar, that tree must be cut down.
Tuba or Tuwa, name of a climbing plant grown in the humahs. The stringy roots of this plant contain a white milky juice used for intoxicating fish. The roots are pounded well in a small pool which is then discharged into the stream, and the fish soon become intoxicated, coming up to the surface for air, half dead, when they can be easily secured. This is called Tuba běněr, real tuba, to distinguish it from Tuba songgom, which latter word see. Tuba sa kěurěung, a packet of the tuba roots, as they are put up in when carried about.
Tuban, name of a chief place and district in the eastern part of the Residency of Rembang.
Tubruk, to pounce upon, to catch by flinging oneself upon the object to be caught. Di tubruk maung, he was pounced upon by a tiger. Embé di chěkěl di tubruk bai, he caught the goat by flinging himself upon it.
Tuduhkěn, to point out, to show, to cause, to see. To explain, to instruct. Tuduhkěn jalan, to show the way. Kudu di tuduhkěn gawé na, you must explain the use of it.
Tugu, a boundary mark of stone (not a wooden post). Tugus are found all throughout the country, and are by no means always boundary marks, at least at the present day. These Tugus are supposed to mark the spots where the ritis of former superstition were observed, in times previous to the introduction of mahomedanism, and as ancient marks are still always respected when they have obtained the sanctity of such a name, though this Tugu mostly consists of nothing more than one or more rough, unhewn trachyte blocks. Tugula C. 236, lotus. May the old Hindus have introduced the custom of placing the sacred lotus at such places, or as consecrating the place, when, from that circumstance, any boundary mark was called Tugu.
Tugur, a kěmit or watchman who is constantly employed, and not changed every day. A permanent watchman.
Tuguran, to keep permanent watch. To be always on the look-out. ​Tuhan, Lord, as Tuhan Allah, the Lord God. It is the word Tuan aspirated when applied to God.
Tuhu, right, right-hand. Ka tuhu, to the right. Lěungun ti tuhu, the right hand.
Tuhur, dry, desiccated, not wet. Jalan na tuhur, the road is dry.
Tuhurěun, sun-dry, dried up. Sung'ut tukurěun, my mouth is dry.
Tuhurkěn, to make dry; to put out in the sun to dry.
Tuil, to drive down, or drive in, by placing a bit of round wood or a brad iron upon the object to be driven, and then striking that iron pin, so as to drive in the object further than could be got at with the hammer alone. To pick the teeth. To tease out any matter adhering between the teeth with a tooth-pick.
Tujah, to throw any pointed instrument; to hurl as a lance. Said of the act of a buffaloe which annoys other buffaloes by goring them about the body, but not coming to a stand-up fight, head to head.
Tuju, to aim, to send at, to direct to, to give course to. Tujukěn surat, to send a letter to any one; to give course to a letter, so that it reaches any person. To aim at, to direct one's course towards. Sasari na liang téngah nu di tuju, usually it is the middle hole which we aim at.
Tujuh, seven, the number seven. This word may be derived from To, not, and Uju, heard in Tuju, and in the Malay Měnuju, to direct towards. To-uju = not tallying, not being in the direction,—as when the native had counted his fingers up to five, which he called Lima, a hand, and then made an addition from the other hand to make six, Gěnap, completeness, and had folded down two of the fingers of that same other hand to represent 8 and 9 (see Dalapan and Salapan) two fingers remained sticking out which have to represent seven. But they are two and not one and thus do not tally, měunju from Tuju, to point against, or To-uju, do not coincide. The uju, in the sense of coincidence is heard in the word Mujur, lucky, fortunate, lying lengthwise with, and not athwart. The natives have thus counted upwards to six, but in mean time they had also counted backwards to eight by folding down two of the fingers of one hand, or two fingers from the whole ten, which had been named Sapuluh, one collection. This left two fingers to represent One number, the intermediate seven. Now supposing the index finger of the second hand to count for Seven, we have still the middle finger left in jeopardy without a use. May this have given rise to the expression in Malay of Jari-antu, the middle finger, literally the ghost-finger, the goblin-finger; or Jari mati, the dead finger, see Crawfurds Malay dictionary Page 58. The name for Seven in Javanese and many other Polynesian tongues is Pitu, which may be an abbreviation of the Javanese Pituduh, a pointer, an index, that which shows the way. And Tujuh may then be derived from the same word by dropping the initial Pi and converting the D into J, as Jěrami in Sunda, paddy straw, becomes Dami in Malay, and Dhami in Javanese. Japit or Jěpit in Malay, to squeeze, to jam together, becomes Dapit in Sunda. In the language of ​ Bima, by way of exception to the otherwise almost universal Pitu, this word assumes the shape of Pidu, which has no doubt been formed by dropping the middle syllable of Pituduh, instead of the final syllable.
Tujuh-blas, seventeen.
Tujuh-puluh, seventy.
Tujuh, a disease, sickness. Tujuh kuliling, a disease in which either man or beast, most frequently the latter, keeps twisting and turning in a circle.
Tukang, an artificer, a man skilled in any department of knowledge, especially manual; an artist, a wright, a craftsman, a manufacturer; an adept. The word is always prefixed to the trade of which he is designated as the exerciser. See following examples.
Tukang arit, a grass-cutter.
Tukang batu, a mason, a bricklayer, a stone-cutter.
Tukang béa, a toll-collector, a tax-gatherer. A collector of customs.
Tukang běusi, a blacksmith, a worker in iron.
Tukang bohong, a liar, a man who always tells lies.
Tukang chai, a water-carrier. A person who has charge of water-works.
Tukang chat, a painter.
Tukang chuké, a tax-gatherer. A person employed to look after and collect a land-owner's share of the crop as it comes off the ground.
Tukang chukur, a barber. A person who shaves.
Tukang érétan, a ferry-man.
Tukang giling, a miller, a man who grinds.
Tukang hukur, a land-surveyor. A man who measures.
Tukang humah, a man who makes a human rice-field.
Tukang jagal, a butcher.
Tukang jalan, a man who is always wandering about.
Tukang kapal, a man who earns his lively hood by doing something at ships; a sailor; a shipwright.
Tukang kayu, a carpenter.
Tukang kěbon, a gardener.
Tukang kuda, a stable-boy, a horse-keeper.
Tukang kulit, a man who collects the hides of the government hide-farm. A currier.
Tukang kuris, a vaccinator.
Tukang maling, a robber, an adept at thieving.
Tukang maryěm, a cannonier, a gunner.
Tukang mas, a goldsmith, also a silversmith.
Tukang masak, a cook, a person who prepares anything by boiling, as a sugar boiler or the like, though masak alone is not used in Sunda.
Tukang méja, a table-servant, a butler, a person in charge of the pantry.
Tukang muluku, a ploughman. ​Tukang ngaput, a tailor.
Tukang pĕdati, a carter, a man who attends a pedati cart.
Tukang prahu, a boatman.
Tukang ranjap, a butcher. A person who kills animals for sale.
Tukang rĕbab, a fiddler, a man who plays on the Rĕhab.
Tukang roti, a baker, a man who makes and sells bread.
Tukang sapatu, a shoe-maker.
Tukang sawah, a person who works a sawah, or irrigated rice field.
Tukang séwa, a renter. A person who rents anything.
Tukang sĕunĕuh, a fire-man, a stoker.
Tukang témbak, a sportsman, a man who shoots.
Tukang tĕulĕum, a dyer, a man who dips cloth in dye. A diver.
Tukang tinun, a weaver, a person who weaves, who is always a woman.
Tukang usĕp, a man who takes fish with a hook.
Tukang wang, a cashier, a money keeper, a money changer.
Tukang warung, a stallkeeper, a shopkeeper. A huxter.
Tukang and Tukangan, behind, after, in the rear of. Di tukang kéneh , he is still behind. Tukangan imah, behind the house.
Tukĕl, a skein, a hank of thread. Etymon ikal or ukal, to bend; curly.
Tukung, a fowl naturally without a tail, — which wants the parson's nose.
Tulag-tolog, going poking about. Sticking your nose into every hole. Strolling about.
Tulak, to support, to shore up, to prop up. To repel, to repulse, to refuse, to have anything, to do with.
Tulak-bara, the ballast of a vessel. Bara, C. 461, heavy, weighty; thus the support or prop which is weighty.
Tulak-tanggul, name of a tree, literally the prop which supports a small dam in a water-course. The tree grows about riversides.
Tulang, a bone. Tulang tonggong, the back bone. Tulang ngora, young bone, gristle, cartilage. This word tulang does not occur, even modified, in any of the languages of the Pacific, where Hui or Joi, or some modification there-of, seem most usual. It may come from Tula, C. 239, inside, within, inner, and the Polynesian ng suffixed, indicating something within, the inner parts , something within the body. In Singhalese the word becomes constructively Tulén, within.
Tulén, pure, unmixed. Mas tulén, pure gold. Turunan tulén, of unmixed descent, pure breed.
Tulis, to write; to make characters or figures on paper or other material. To engrave. Tulis surat, to write a letter. Batu tulis , an inscribed stone, a stone with an inscription on it. As the people of India, the Hindus, appear to have spread so much civilization and knowledge among the Islanders, we may fairly look to them also for the introduction of writing. In Clough, page 241, is Tulika,a pencil, a painter's brush; a kind ​of stick with a fibrous point used by painters. Tuli, C 240, a fibrous stick or brush, used by weavers for cleaning the threads of the woof; a painters brush , a fibrous stick used for that purpose. Again at page 6 of Clough we find Akshara-tulika, from Aksara, a letter, and Tulika, a brush = a pen. The final S is the only difficulty in the case, and Tulis no doubt means a method of writing, by painting on the letters, derived from India, which would supersede the Gurat and Surat, cr characters scratched on bambu. See Surat. There is a word in Singhalese which Clough appears to have omitted, but it is given at page 50 of Lambricks Singhalese Vocabulary, viz Lissanawa, to slip, to slide. Perhaps the crude part of this word, which would be Lis, has been joined to Tuli= Tuli-lis, elided into Tulis, as indicating the gliding motion of the brush. The lis in the sense of slipping or missing is heard in the word Pasalisihan, Salisih, which see.
Tulisan, a writing, a delineation. Predestination, appointed hour. Dalang ka tulisan nana, his hour has come. His registered fate has arrived.
Tulugtug, a stake, to stick into the ground. A thick stick sharpened and set into the ground.
Tulung, Tulungan, to help, to assist. Aid, assistance, support.
Tulus, done, accomplished, perfected. To come about, to happen. Tulus ayĕunah sugi, it now takes place that he becomes rich. Tulus lĕumpang ? is it to take . place that you set out Tulus di jadikĕa, It has now come to pass that it is made. Hanto tulus, it does not take place.
Tuluskĕn, to bring to pass, to cause, to take place. To execute.
Tuma, a flea or vermin that infests dirty clothing, and changes colour with the cloth.
Tumagung or Tumunggung, derived from Tua old , and Agung , chief, — comprising thus a combination of qualities held in high respect by the natives , viz age and high birth. The um put between the two words implies: similarity to, possessing the qualities of, — and in some cases continuity or repetition. Thus also in the Sunda language the word Jumarum, means like a needle, from Jarum , a needle; and Tumumbak, like a spear or Tumbak, two designations applied to sprouting paddy. On Timor the village chiefs are called Tumagung. Tijdsehrift voor Ned. Indie, 1 jaargang, deel 1 , page 393. In Java Tumagung is a title for a native chief next below Adipati.
Tuman, accustomed, in the habit of doing anything. Ti tutur datang ka tuman, from habit becoming accustomed.
Tumanihna, when at liberty, when you have time, at your convenience. The word is also sometimes heard as Tumaninah. Eŭkĕur tumaninah, I have now leisure.
Tumbak, a spear, a weapon of defence, a lance. A land measure of 12 Rhineland feet of each 12,357 English inches; see Kaki. A rood. Most probably derived from tĕuwĕuk, to stab, the peculiar um being introduced, and the w converted into b, and thus an object with which to stab. It is supposed that originally the word Tumbak was taken for a land-measure from the length of a chiefs spear, which is borne as a mark of dignity before him ,and was thus always handy for reference. ​Tumbal, to ward off, to avert by prayer or invocation (Jampé). Thus a Tumbal is made at a forest or jungle that is to be cut down for a plantation. It is also done at any place where we want to work in order to avoid evil, and not be overtaken by disease. Anything hung up by way of a Jampé, as various roots, leaves, etc. Tumbal is thus a superstitious observance of the natives on certain occasions. Tambol, sorcery, in Malay, see Crawfurd's Dissertation, page 197.
Tumbu, to shoot up, to come up as seed from the ground. To shoot, to vegetate. The etymon of the word is Wu or Bhu, C. 688, to be, with ti and um prefixed and thus indicating: in the act of becoming. In the Bisaya language of the Philippine Islands, the word is called Tubu, to grow, Crawfurd's Dissertation, page 116, and even at the Tonga Islands of the Pacific Tubu is the word used for: to spring up as plants. The Sunda word has thus the peculiar M inserted to imply continuity. See Tumagung. In the Maori of New Zealand Tupu, is to shoot or sprout. Tubuni or Tumbani, C. 238, plantation, the act of planting trees, labours in a nursery.
Tumbuk, to pound, to stamp. To strike with the clenched fist. To drive as a pile of wood. To thump down. Compounded from the particle Ta and Buk, with the peculiar um placed between them.
Tumbung, pudendum muliebre. In Malay Tumbung means: the seed of plants, evidently from Tumbu, to shoot up. Thus the Sunda word will literaly convey the idea of the place whence the human race springs. In Malay also Crawfurd gives Tumbung, prolapsus uteri vel ani. The final ng thus modifies the sense a little. Tumbong in Malay also, Marsden, page 81, is a hole in the surface of anything hollow; a vent or spile-hole; the anus. Tumbong kalapa, the hole in a cocoa-nut from whence it sprouts.
Tumbung kanyut, name of a plant, Canthium Horridum. Kanyut means bag or purse.
Tumbung uching, pudendum felicis domesticae, implies breeding like a cat, as we would say breeding like a rabbit.
Tumorék, said of young jungle about a couple of years old, where a humah has been, and through which a man can with difficulty make his way from the density of the jungle. Derived from Torék, deaf, and the peculiar um inserted, as if the jungle would give no ear to our endeavours to pass.
Tumpah, to spill, to pour out, to shed.
Tumpak and Tumpakan, to get upon, to mount, to ride. To wear. See Umpak. Tumpak kuda, to ride a horse. Tumpak kréta, to ride in a carriage. Tumpak sapatu, to wear shoes. Tumpak sĕrawĕl, to wear trousers. Tumpak kapal, to travel or sail in a ship. Kuda di tumpakan, you must mount upon it.
Tumpang, to pile up. Piled up. Heaped up one above another. Gunung patumpangtumpang, mountains piled up one above another. Bata kudu di tumpangkĕn maka na tuhur, the bricks must be piled up one above another in order to dry.
Tumpangan, fare, passage money. Freight of goods loaded in a vessel. See Numpang. ​Tumpĕk, a day in an ancient week corresponding to Saturday. See Dité. All the other days are called by names analogous to those found under Dité. This day is called in Ceylon Sénasurada, which is from Sénasura, C. 761, the planet Saturn. On Java the denomination for Saturday appears to have differed from that in Ceylon, and no very satisfactory etymology presents itself for Tumpĕk, unless it may be derived from Tam, C. 239, greatness, dignity, eminence, and Paka, C. 381, the name of a demon who was conquered by Indra, but why his eminence the Demon succeeded Saturn does not appear.
Tumpĕng, the boiled rice in the shape of a cone as it comes from the native cooking pot, over which it has been cooked by steaming in a bambu basket called Hasĕupan.
Tumplĕs, the same as Tumpur, dead out, no descendants left.
Tumpuhkĕn, to make liable for, to hold answerable. See Tĕmpuh.
Tumpuk, to pile up, to heap up, to set one upon another. A heap, a pile.
Tumpur, said when a race dies out; when a man dies without leaving any descendants. Said of plants of which nothing remains worth having, as bambus, plantains or the like.
Tumumbak, resembling spears. Like a tumbak, with the peculiar um inserted in the word. Said of paddy just after it comes out of the ground, and before the leaves can hang over. Jumarum is when the young paddy is still smaller and the points just peep out.
Tumurun, to descend or come down by degrees, step by step. Derived from Turun, with the peculiar um inserted.
Tuna, to decrease in quantity. Fallen off in number or quantity. Especially said of short crops.
Tunas, a sprout. The sprout of a tree from which the branches have been lopped, or the tree cut down and only the stump remaining. When such stump again vegetates, the shoots are called Tunas.
Tunda, to tow. To drag through water a vessel, a log of wood, or raft of bambus, or any other thing which will float.
Tunda, to lay by; to deposit. To put aside in some place of security to be taken at another opportunity. To set aside for future use. See Sunda. Barang na to ka-angkat kabéh, saparo na di tunda di jalan, they could not carry away all the goods, part of them had to be deposited by the road.
Tunda, name of an island inside the straits of Sunda, called also Pulo Babi.
Tundag, applied to climbing, especially mountains. A steep bit. Sa tundag děui ka punchak, it is another pull (or another steep bit) to the top.
Tundan, corvees of people to transport persons or goods along the public roads. Men employed to transport by stages.
Tundankĕn, to carry persons or goods by stages. To pass goods from village to village along a road, the people of each village carrying them on to the next one. To carry with tundan-people who are changed by stages, especially when they are ordered out by some public authority.
Tunduh, fast asleep. Buried in sleep. ​Tunduk, to bow down the body or head. With the head bent down. To stoop, to incline. To make submission.
Tundukan, as di tundukan, to bore a woman's ears for ear-rings. The expression is used at Buitenzorg. In other places more usually di tindih.
Tundun, name of a very common fruit-tree and its fruit-called in Malay Rambutan, from Rambut, the hair, as the fruit is covered with processes thought to resemble hair. The Tunduns were formerly called in botany Euphoria, but have now the name of Nephelium, as Nephelium Lappaceum, Tundun Aché, - Nephelium Glabrum, Tundun pulĕsan.
Tundun chorogol, name of a large tree growing wild in forests. Nephelium Noronhianum.
Tundung, to rebutt, to rebuff, to discharge. To turn out of employment. To have nothing further to do with.
Tunggak, the stump of a tree, cut a few inches or a foot above the ground. Any wood set fast and projecting, as drift wood in a river.
Tunggal, alone, separate, distinct. Independent of any other. Séngyang Tunggal, the independent, the only divinity, - which conveys the nearest approach to the unity of the godhead, as understood by the ancient and pagan Javanese, only we know that they had the whole Hindu tribe of gods in reverence at the same moment, and thus that Séngyang Tunggal, though independent of the other gods, and in many respects the chief divinity, did not prevent the other deities being active, each in his own peculiar sphere. See Nunggal. Tunggal is still one of the chief divinities of the Badui in South Bantam.
Tunggir, the parson’s nose in fowls. The bump from which the feathers of the tail grow.
Tunggu and Tungguan, to watch, to keep, to have in surveillance. To wait or attend upon. To stay by and superintend. Ewé kolot di tungguan kénéh, he still retains his old wife, (he has not divorced her in consequence of marrying another wife). Nu di gawé, kudu di tungguan, those who work must be superintented.
Tunggul, the stump of a large tree which has been felled. Tunggul is on a large scale what Tunggak is on a smaller one. Tongala, C. 167, the end, the extreme point of the length of a thing. See Nunggul.
Tungka, to cut down or detach earth from the face of a hill, or from any bank. To move or displace earth or stones by working at them with a piece of wood by way of a lever. To displace any heavy weight by levers or crowbars.
Tungku, plantain-stem cut in short lengths and set together, generally three bits, so as to form a place to cook at, or boil a pot upon, in the open air.
Tungkul, hanging down the head (from shame or otherwise). Leaning over anything.
Tungkulan, to lean over. Figuratively to take care of. To watch with anxiety. To provide for the wants of any one, especially wife and children.
Tungkul umĕusi, said of growing paddy hanging down and the ears filling.
Tungkus, a bundle, a parcel. The materials for eating sĕurĕuh tied up in the corner of a handkerchief. ​Tungtung, end, terminus, point, extremity. Tungtung kayu, the end of the stick or bit of wood. Di tungtung imah, at the end of the house. Sa tungtung aya jalan mohal wěléh, as long as a road can be found, I shall not give it up. Tongala, C. vol. 1, page 167, the end, the extreme point of the length of anything. The Sunda word looks like the first syllable of the word Tongala, duplicated.
Tungtung langit, the horizon.
Tungtung mata, the external angle of the eye.
Tunjang, a prop, a shore, a support. A piece of wood or stick set end-ways by way of a support. Tunjang lawayan; a diagonal prop.
Tunjangan, to trop or shore up. To shove amongst anything. A prop. A piece of wood or stick set end-ways.
Tuntun, to lead, to guide by the hand. To lead by a halter or bridle.
Tuntut, to do anything by degrees; first one and then the other. Successively. Tuntut di akutan, to carry away by degrees, successively. Tuntut mayer, to pay successively. Di tuntut di hakan, successively to eat it. Di tuntut di omėan, he mends it successively, as it gets out of order, or repair.
Turalak, name of a tree, Uvaria Burahol, bears a fruit size of an egg with very large stone.
Turi, to pierce, to make an incision in the flesh. Bisul na di turi, he operated on the boil by piercing it (by running a needle into it), lauk na di turi, he strung the flesh (by running a slip of bambu through it).
Turi, name of a tree, Agati Grandiflora, from large white flowers.
Turi Buwana, the leader of the Malay people from Sumatra when they emigrated to Singapore. Turi Buwana died A. D. 1208. Turiya, C. 239, musical instruments in general; Buwana, Universe, see voce. The musical instrument of the Universe, perhaps from his power of persuasion over his followers.
Turiang, some time after the regular paddy crop has been cut on the sawahs, in swampy places fresh shoots of paddy straw will grow up of themselves, being tillers from the old roots. These the natives call Turiang, and the word will admit of the following interpretation from the Sanscrit. Turu, C. 239, a tree; Hyang, see voce, a divinity, Turu-hyang = Turiang, the trees or plants of the divinity, because they grow of themselves, and are not planted or cared for by man.
Turk, a Turk.
Turub, a cover, a lid. Turup tolok, a basket-cover.
Turuban, to cover up, to cover over.
Turub-hawu, name of a fish in the Chitarum. It resembles the Raranchak, only is larger. The literal meaning of the words is: cover or lid of the fire place, that is, it is broad enough to cover up the Hawu.
Turui, the fruit bunch of the plantain-tree, which grows out from the crown of the tree. Each plantain-tree throws out only one Turui, on which the fruit is attached. ​See Hoya and Apus. May be derived from Turu, 239, a tree, with a feminine diminutive termination in yi = Turuyi.
Turun, to descend, to go down, to subside, to abate; to fall; to alight.
Turun-tumurun, from generation to generation; in a succession of generations. Descendants, posterity. Occurs in Malay, Marsden, page 85, going down by degrees, descending consecutively.
Turunan, descent, extraction. Origin, lineage, pedigree.
Turunkěn, to lower, to bring down. To summon, to call up. To translate, to transcribe. Kabéh mandor na di turunkěn ka gědong, all the mandors were called up (literally brought down) to the mansion. Basa wolanda di turunkěn ka basa malayu, the Dutch language was translated into Malay.
Turus, a rod, a pole, a straight piece of stick in the ground. The main stay or support of a family. The young men of a family. Offspring. Offshoot. Probably on which the old folks may hang when past work themselves. Turus kachang, a rod to which pease are trained. Pease-rods. Turus kolot, the support of the old people. A man who provides for his father and mother.
Turut, to obey, to conform to, comply with. Turut parentah, to obey orders. Mohal to nurut, we will assuredly obey. In Malay it is also simply to follow, but in Sunda is only used in a figurative sense—to follow orders.
Turutan, imitation, made like something else. Turutan wolanda, a Dutch imitation.
Turutaněun, what may be imitated, a pattern, a model to go by. Lain turutaněun, that cannot be imitated. It will never do to act in that way. We have no chance of doing as you do.
Turutkěn, to act in compliance with some one else. To obey. To do as we are bid. To imitate. To make similarly.
Tus or Tus-tus, an expression indicative of snapping or bending a bit of bambu string, when a tally is kept by bending it for every 10 counted. See Ratus.
Tut, the idiomatic expression of laying hold, taking in the hand. Tut bai di chokot, laying hands on it, he took it. Tut bai di bawa, taking it, he carried it away. In the word Pětot, the tut has been modified to Tot. Patut, right, proper, may have thesame etymon, as being the choice between good and bad, and the good selected.
Tutu, to beat or pound out rice from the straw. To thump or beat down anything into the ground, such as driving piles. To pound in general.
Tutug and Tutugan, the foot of a steep precipice. The bottom of a steep hill. Tutugan gunung ti kalér, at the northern base of the mountain.
Tutug, one of the great festivals of the Badui in South Bantam. Called also Kawalu tutug; see Kawalu, which word alone indicates a festival apart from Kawalu tutug.
Tutuh and Tutuhan, to lop the branches off a tree. To cut away the branches so that only the trunk remains standing.
Tutujon, see Totujon, under varying circumstances, etc.
​Tutul, spotted, marked with spots or blotches. Maung tutul, the spotted tiger, a panther. Awi tutul, the spotted bambu, Bambusa Maculata.
Tutung, burnt, scorched, singed. Carbonized as wood put temporarily into the fire.
Tutup, to shut up, to shut, to close; to make a final payment; to terminate; to hush up. A wrapper, envelope of something. The covering piece of any lot. Jélĕma na di tutup, the man has been shut up, imprisoned. Tutup pĕrkara, to hush up any circumstance. Tutup tambako, the covering fold of a basket of tobacco (which is always the best). Hutang na gĕus tutup, his debt has been discharged.
Tutur, habituated, in the habit of. Becoming au-fait from habit. Obedient to the will of another. The etymon of this word is evidently the same as in the word Turut. Gĕus tutur, gĕus tuman, he has become habituated, and used to it.
Tuturkĕn, to follow, to track, to chace. Di tuturkĕn ka imah, I followed him to his house.
Tuturub, any temporary shelter. Any object used on the press of the moment, as a cover or lid.
Tutus, a slip of bambu split fine, or in thin shreds and used as string, especially for tying halĕups on a roof. This word is in all probability the etymon of Ratus and Satus, one hundred, which see. It is a duplication of the word Tus, to nick a bit of bambu-string in counting.
Tutut, name of a small turbinated shell-fish scarcely one inch long , found in the sawahs when inundated for planting. It is a Paludina.
Tu-us, dry, parched, desiccated, thoroughly dry. Paré na gĕus tu-us, the paddy is thoroughly dry.
Tuwa, a plant used for taking fish. See Tua or Tuba.
Tuwa, viz Ki-tuwa, otherwise called Sulangkar, Leea Sambucina. Vide Sulangkar. From this tree being called Ki-tua, and having certain supernatural attributes ascribed to it, and not tuwa, but kolot being the Sunda for old, it may be fairly doubted whether it exactly means old, and the idea suggests itself that it means: supernatural power or being, in some way, in which sense the word Atua has been preserved in the Pacific islands for Deity, and indeed both in Sunda, Malay and other Polynesian dialects generally. Tuhan Allah is still used to express the True God. Now that Tuhan, which both written and pronounced with an aspirate, as is generally supposed, to distinguish it from Tuan = Mr., may have had its origin, in reality in this Tuwa or Atua, divinity. See Atua, Wong-atua.
Tuwa-bangka, an old obstinate and malicious fellow. Perhaps the short for Tuwa-bangkawara, old and malicious.
Tuwak, or Ki-tuwak, name of a forest-tree. Tuwak in Malay is toddy, the juice of a palm-tree, which is called Lahang in Sunda.
Tuwalut, Arabic, calamity, misfortune.
Tuwang, to cast as metal. To pour out molten metal. To make castings. In Malay Tuwang is merely: to pour out any liquid, but the Sundanese restrict its use to the ​
    pouring out of melted metal. Tuwangan tambaga, brass castings. Bĕusi tuwangan, smelting iron, pig iron.
Tuwar, to cut down. The same as Tuar, which see.
Tuwĕr, the knee. Tuwĕr na ngadégdég, his knees trembled.
Tuyun, to lead, to conduct, to take by the hand. To lead as a blind man.