# Irish Emigration and The Tenure of Land in Ireland/Chapter 2 Appendix

APPENDIX.
Emigration of Protestants from Ireland. (See p. 72.)
It appears that there was a continual emigration of Protestants from Ireland to America throughout the last century, at which time persecution by the Catholics could not have occurred. The emigrations appear to have almost constantly taken place from the northern ports: thus seven ships, leaving Belfast for America with 1000 passengers, in 1728, are mentioned in Boulter's Letters, vol. i. p. 288. The number of emigrants who left Ireland in 1771, 1772, and 1773, is stated in Newenham's Inquiry into the Population of Ireland, p. 59: the ports from which the ships sailed were Belfast, Newry, Derry, Larne, and Portrush. Arthur Young gives the following more detailed account of this subject:—
"The spirit of emigrating in Ireland appears to be confined to two circumstances, the Presbyterian religion and the linen manufacture. I heard of very few emigrants, except among manufacturers of that persuasion. The Catholics never went, they seem not only tied to the country, but almost to the parish in which their ancestors lived."—Tour in Ireland, part ii. p. 30.
"It is well known that in the counties of Fermanagh, Tyrone, and Donegal, extensive confiscation took place, and a large number of farmers (Protestants) were in possession of from fifty to one hundred and fifty acres, some fee simple, more than 2s 6d an acre, which they inherited from their predecessors. In the lapse of years their families increased, and having received favourable accounts from persons who had emigrated some half-dozen years previously, farmers who had three, four and five sons or daughters approaching to maturity, considered it prudent to sell their lauds, emigrate, and purchase double or treble the quantity in a new country; 'Because,' said they, 'if we split our farms and apportion to each child a share, it will be but a few acres each, and they and theirs will become poor.' " Sir G. C. Lewis on Irish Disturbances, p. 457.
| Occupation. | United States. | British North America. | Australasia | All other Places. | Total. |
| Adult Males. | | | | | |
| Agricultural Labourers, Gardeners, Carters, &c. | 5,208 | 2,098 | 33,315 | 1,562 | 42,183 |
| Bakers, Confectioners,&c. | 3,554 | 310 | 1,247 | 72 | 5,183 |
| Blacksmiths and Farriers | 1,568 | 456 | 2,132 | 195 | 4,351 |
| Bookbinders and Stationers | 160 | 39 | 128 | 18 | 345 |
| Boot and Shoe Makers | 3,613 | 783 | 1,410 | 156 | 5,962 |
| Braziers, Tinsmiths, Whitesmiths, &c. | 1,580 | 122 | 297 | 46 | 2,045 |
| Brick and Tile Makers, Potters, &c. | 233 | 39 | 347 | 19 | 638 |
| Bricklayers, Masons, Plasterers, Slaters, &c. | 9,331 | 756 | 5,058 | 400 | 15,545 |
| Builders | 339 | 20 | 289 | 16 | 664 |
| Butchers, Poulterers, &c. | 1,182 | 139 | 985 | 34 | 2,340 |
| Cabinet Makers and Upholsterers | 314 | 86 | 431 | 56 | 887 |
| Carpenters and Joiners | 14,778 | 2,115 | 8,602 | 646 | 26,141 |
| Carvers and Gilders | 302 | 43 | 61 | 8 | 414 |
| Clerks | 5,571 | 1,582 | 3,043 | 912 | 11,108 |
| Clock & Watch Makers | 615 | 156 | 172 | 20 | 963 |
| Coach Makers and Trimmers | 72 | 25 | 136 | 28 | 261 |
| Coal Miners | 1,083 | 187 | 605 | 4 | 1,879 |
| Coopers | 1,183 | 157 | 240 | 30 | 1,610 |
| Cutlers | 343 | 11 | 66 | 1 | 421 |
| Domestic Servants | 1,592 | 387 | 1,189 | 207 | 3,375 |
| Dyers | 164 | 37 | 66 | 3 | 270 |
| Engine Drivers, Stokers, &c | 32 | 7 | 15 | 9 | 63 |
| Engineers | 1,565 | 292 | 1,103 | 286 | 3,246 |
| Engravers | 261 | 14 | 78 | 10 | 363 |
| Farmers | 58,526 | 9,427 | 17,653 | 782 | 86,388 |
| Gentlemen, Professional Men, Merchants, &c. | 13,578 | 3,745 | 12,191 | 3,431 | 33,125 |
| Jewellers and Silversmiths | 347 | 29 | 135 | 17 | 528 |
| Labourers, General | 333,215 | 27,068 | 95,228 | 2,643 | 458,154 |
| Locksmiths, Gunsmiths, &c. | 85 | 7 | 41 | 6 | 139 |
| Millers, Malsters, &c. | 886 | 229 | 466 | 18 | 1,599 |
| Millwrights | 104 | 39 | 134 | 28 | 305 |
| Miners and Quarrymen | 22,470 | 3,437 | 11,259 | 996 | 38,162 |
| Carried forward | | | | | |
| Occupation. | United States. | British North America. | Australasia | All other Places. | Total. |
| Adult Males.—contd, Brought forward | | | | | |
| Painters, Paperhangers, Plumbers, and Glaziers | 4,042 | 250 | 1,140 | 130 | 5,562 |
| Pensioners | 152 | 305 | 175 | 16 | 648 |
| Printers | 899 | 133 | 558 | 54 | 1,644 |
| Rope Makers | 57 | 18 | 63 | 2 | 140 |
| Saddlers and Harness Makers | 341 | 57 | 248 | 47 | 693 |
| Sail Makers | 48 | 15 | 60 | 3 | 126 |
| Sawyers | 176 | 121 | 755 | 45 | 1,097 |
| Seamen | 2,568 | 495 | 1,154 | 71 | 4,288 |
| Shipwrights | 149 | 38 | 192 | 53 | 432 |
| Shopkeepers, Shopmen, Warehousemen, &c. | 6,142 | 676 | 5,509 | 232 | 12,109 |
| Smiths, General | 4,491 | 331 | 1,107 | 146 | 6,075 |
| Spinners and Weavers | 6,266 | 1,131 | 921 | 7 | 8,325 |
| Sugar Bakers, Boilers, &c | 500 | 56 | 246 | 12 | 814 |
| Surveyors | 54 | 16 | 160 | 9 | 239 |
| Tailors | 10,163 | 1,483 | 964 | 99 | 12,709 |
| Tallow Chandlers and Soap Makers | 35 | 6 | 26 | 2 | 69 |
| Tanners and Curriers | 338 | 38 | 165 | 18 | 559 |
| Turners | 193 | 40 | 99 | 11 | 343 |
| Wheelwrights | 283 | 112 | 595 | 53 | 1,043 |
| Woolcombers and Sorters | 60 | 34 | 199 | 10 | 303 |
| Trades and Professions not before specified | 23,000 | 2,428 | 5,703 | 444 | 31,575 |
| Not distinguished | 97,296 | 11,093 | 38,065 | 10,459 | 156,913 |
| Adult Females. | | | | | |
| Domestic and Farm Servants, Nurses, &c. | 62,651 | 5,535 | 65,279 | 2,013 | 135,478 |
| Gentlewomen and Governesses | 1,370 | 484 | 977 | 472 | 3,303 |
| Milliners, Dress Makers, Needlewomen | 4,619 | 259 | 1,302 | 118 | 6,289 |
| Married Women | 149,613 | 19,851 | 72,060 | 8,600 | 250,124 |
| Shopwomen | 20 | 4 | 108 | 3 | 134 |
| Trades and Professions not before specified | 737 | 247 | 277 | 9 | 1,270 |
| Not distinguished | 252,417 | 23,699 | 45,693 | 3,305 | 325,114 |
| Children. | | | | | |
| Male Children | 105,975 | 19,622 | 46,746 | 4,519 | 176,862 |
| Female ditto | 99,474 | 17,629 | 44,921 | 4,234 | 166,258 |
| Infants | 50,574 | 7,277 | 16,179 | 1,093 | 72,123 |
| Not distinguished | 94,505 | 47,459 | 7,627 | 28,865 | 178,556 |
| Grand Total | 1,463,333 | 214,784 | 556,945 | 77,812 | 2,312,874 |
Table showing the Occupations, Sex, and General Destination of the Emigrants in 1864.
| Occupation. | United States. | British North America. | Australasia | All other Places. | Total. |
| Adult Males. | | | | | |
| Agricultural Labourers, Gardeners, Carters, &c. | 344 | 61 | 1,779 | 29 | 2,213 |
| Bakers | 229 | 12 | 50 | 1 | 292 |
| Blacksmiths and Farriers | 48 | 13 | 180 | 10 | 251 |
| Bookbinders & Stationers | 14 | 3 | 10 | 3 | 30 |
| Boot and Shoe Makers | 218 | 19 | 111 | 3 | 351 |
| Braziers, Tinsmiths, Whitesmiths, &c | 175 | 6 | 11 | 2 | 194 |
| Brick and Tile Makers, Potters, &c. | 41 | 1 | 17 | - | 59 |
| Bricklayers, Masons, Plasterers, Slaters, &c. | 803 | 17 | 226 | 3 | 1,049 |
| Builders | 50 | - | 18 | - | 68 |
| Butchers, Poulterers, &c. | 93 | 8 | 42 | 3 | 146 |
| Cabinet Makers and Upholsterers | 32 | — | 36 | 2 | 70 |
| Carpenters and Joiners | 761 | 92 | 466 | 18 | 1,337 |
| Carvers and Gilders | 19 | 4 | 2 | — | 25 |
| Clerks | 331 | 79 | 189 | 185 | 784 |
| Clock and Watch Makers | 61 | 4 | 10 | 4 | 79 |
| Coach Makers & Trimmers | 7 | — | 5 | — | 12 |
| Coal Miners | 26 | 4 | 16 | — | 46 |
| Coopers | 90 | 6 | 21 | 3 | 120 |
| Cutlers | 45 | 1 | 1 | - | 47 |
| Domestic Servants | 259 | 20 | 86 | 34 | 399 |
| Dyers | 9 | 5 | 4 | — | 18 |
| Engravers | 28 | 1 | 2 | — | 31 |
| Engineers | 77 | 14 | 79 | 42 | 212 |
| Farmers | 5,213 | 932 | 925 | 175 | 7,245 |
| Gentlemen,Professional Men, Merchants, &c. | 2,555 | 665 | 1,676 | 946 | 5,842 |
| Jewellers and Silversmiths | 36 | 2 | 9 | 7 | 54 |
| Labourers, General | 45,210 | 2,699 | 9,930 | 158 | 57,997 |
| Locksmiths, Gunsmiths, &c. | 6 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 14 |
| Millers, Malsters, &c. | 65 | 5 | 29 | 2 | 101 |
| Millwrights | 4 | - | 14 | 1 | 19 |
| Miners and Quarrymen | 2,539 | 203 | 454 | 70 | 3,266 |
| Painters, Paperhangers, Plumbers, and Glaziers | 238 | 22 | 72 | 5 | 337 |
| Pensioners | 8 | 16 | 14 | 7 | 45 |
| Printers | 90 | 14 | 32 | 2 | 138 |
| Rope Makers | 4 | - | 8 | - | 12 |
| Saddlers & Harness Makers | 41 | 2 | 18 | - | 61 |
| Sail Makers | 6 | - | 4 | - | 10 |
| Occupation. | United States. | British North America. | Australasia | All other Places. | Total. |
| Adult Males—continued | | | | | |
| Sawyers | 6 | 7 | 29 | - | 42 |
| Seamen | 232 | 51 | 78 | 18 | 379 |
| Shipwrights | 12 | - | 11 | 3 | 26 |
| Shopkeepers | 400 | 45 | 305 | 47 | 797 |
| Smiths, General | 685 | 10 | 64 | 4 | 768 |
| Spinners and Weavers | 763 | 332 | 61 | 1 | 1,157 |
| Sugar Bakers, Boilers, &c. | 2 | - | 28 | 1 | 31 |
| Surveyors | 5 | 1 | 9 | 2 | 17 |
| Tailors | 1,473 | 19 | 49 | 6 | 1,547 |
| Tallow Chandlers and Soap Makers | 1 | - | 1 | - | 2 |
| Tanners and Curriers | 61 | 2 | 10 | 1 | 74 |
| Turners | 10 | - | 7 | 1 | 18 |
| Wheelwrights | 33 | 2 | 39 | - | 74 |
| Woolcombers and Sorters | - | - | 1 | - | 1 |
| Other Mechanics not before specified | 2,028 | 202 | 85 | 74 | 2,389 |
| Not distinguished | 3,073 | 463 | 1,606 | 2,720 | 7,862 |
Appendix to 25th Report of the Emigration Commissioners, p. 56.