OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Newport, Richard de

​NEWPORT, RICHARD de (d. 1318), bishop of London, was perhaps a member of a Hertfordshire family. His name first occurs in Bishop Richard de Gravesend's will, dated 12 Sept. 1302, where he is described as archdeacon of Colchester and the bishop's official. At the time of Gravesend's death (9 Dec. 1303) Newport had become archdeacon of Middlesex. He was one of Gravesend's executors, and had custody of the spiritualities during the vacancy of the see. In 1304 Newport is mentioned as holding the prebend of Islington. Next year he was the bishop's commissary for the purgation of one John Heron, and on 5 June 1306 was one of those who excommunicated at St. Paul's Robert Bruce and the murderers of Comyn. He became dean of St. Paul's in 1314, and on the death of Gilbert de Segrave was elected bishop of London on 27 Jan. 1317. The royal assent was given on 11 Feb., the election was confirmed on 26 March, and on 15 May Newport was consecrated by Walter Reynolds [q. v.] at Canterbury. Newport died suddenly at Ilford on 24 Aug. 1318, and was buried in St. Paul's four days later. His tomb was defaced at the Reformation. He made provision for two priests to pray for his soul, and left 40s. annually for the keeping of his obit (Dugdale, St. Paul's, p. 20); an abstract of his will is given in Sharpe's ‘Calendar of Wills in the Court of Husting,’ i. 281). In the ‘Flores Historiarum’ (iii. 177) Newport is described as ‘Doctor in Decretis.’ Bishop Gravesend bequeathed him a copy of ‘Decretals,’ worth 6l. 13s. 4d. There are a few unimportant references to Newport in the ‘Close Rolls of Edward II.’ He may be the Richard de Newport, a lawyer, whose name occurs in 1302–3 (Cal. Documents relating to Ireland, 1302–7, p. 149).
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Newte, Richard

​NEWTE, RICHARD (1613–1678), divine, baptised at Tiverton, Devonshire, on 24 Feb. 1612–13, was the third son of Henry Newte, its town clerk. He was educated at Blundell's school and at Exeter College, Oxford, whence he matriculated in March 1629–30, or in February 1631–2, as a ‘poor’ scholar, and graduated B.A. 1633, M.A. 1636. From June 1635 to June 1642 he was a fellow and tutor at his college, with many pupils of good family from the western counties, and for several years he delivered a Hebrew lecture there. In 1672 he subscribed to the erection of its new buildings. In 1641 he became domestic chaplain to Lord Digby, and was appointed to the rectories of Tidcombe and Clare Portions in Tiverton, but two years later, when the civil war was raging in England, he obtained leave of absence from his benefices for three years. He left his livings under the charge of the Rev. Thomas Long (1621–1707) [q. v.], and travelled abroad with Pocock and Thomas Lockey [q. v.], journeying through Holland, Flanders, France, and Switzerland to Italy, but when near Rome he was frightened into going no further by the sight of some Roman catholic priests with whom he had disputed in France, and from whom he had received, as he thought, some threats of molestation. He returned in 1646, landing at Topsham, near Exeter, and found most of the property of his livings in ruins. The plague was then raging at Tiverton, but Newte discharged his clerical and parochial duties without a break, ministering to the sick in their houses, and in the open fields around the town. Ultimately he was dispossessed of his benefices and forced to accept about 1654 a lectureship at Ottery St. Mary, where he remained until he was appointed in 1656 by Colonel Basset to the ​rectory of Heanton Punchardon, near Barnstaple. During the previous ten years he had suffered much at the hands of the parliamentary authorities, but he was now allowed to remain undisturbed. After the Restoration Newte was restored to his livings, and became chaplain to Lord Delawarr. The deaneries of Salisbury and Exeter were offered to him, but he declined both, and his only other preferment was the post of chaplain to Charles II, which he accepted in 1666. He was a learned man, skilled in the Eastern languages, as well as in French and Italian. Newte died of the gout at Tiverton, 10 Aug. 1678, and was buried in the middle of the chancel of St. Peter's Church under a flat stone with an inscription upon it. A stately monument to his memory was erected in the adjoining wall by his son, John Newte [q. v.], ‘in ecclesia indignus successor.’ His wife was Thomasine, only daughter and heiress of Humphrey Trobridge of Trobridge, near Crediton, who survived him. They had ten children.
[Foster's Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714; Boase's Exeter Coll. pp. 65, 78, 212; Harding's Tiverton, bk. iii. pp. 108, 193, iv. 14, 44–7; Dunsford's Tiverton, pp. 328–330; Snell's Tiverton, pp. 134–7; Walker's Sufferings of the Clergy, pt. ii. pp. 316–18; Prince's Worthies, pp. 609–14.]
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Newport, Thomas

​NEWPORT, Sir THOMAS (d. 1522), knight of St. John of Jerusalem, possibly belonged to the family of Newport, living at Newport in Shropshire. He early entered the order of St. John, and became preceptor of Newland and Temple Brewer, and on 10 March 1502–3 he was made Bajulius Aquilæ (Bailiff of the Eagle). He was soon appointed commander of the commanderies of Dalby and Rothley in Leicestershire, and on 2 Sept. 1503 had authority given him to anticipate the revenues of his commandery for three years; he was thus enabled to borrow one hundred marks, which he duly repaid in 1505. The settlements of the knights of St. John in England were little more than rent-collecting agencies, and Sir Thomas Newport was evidently a good man of business. He secured a manor for his order of which they had lost control, and, in reward, on 28 June 1505 a lease of it was granted to his brother Richard, who also seems to have been a member of the order. For some time Sir Thomas Newport filled the very important office of receiver-general for the order in England. Hence he must have lived in London, at St. John's Gate, Clerkenwell, and was well known at court. Under Henry VIII he was often put in the commission of the peace for Lincolnshire and Leicestershire, and his name appears as one of those ready in 1513 to serve the king abroad. He was urgently needed, however, at Rhodes, and set out in the summer of 1513, travelling through Germany to Venice. With him went Sir John Sheffield. At Venice they stayed some time. They had brought letters from Henry VIII, and were received as his ambassadors. A formal audience was granted them by the senate on 3 Sept., and Troian Bollani made a formal report to the senate on 10 Sept. of the slender political information he had derived from them. Newport reached Rhodes before 15 Nov., and stayed there, owing to the directions of Fabricius de Careto, the master of the order, longer than he liked. In 1516 he captured some Turkish transports and brought them into Rhodes. He wrote home occasionally; the last letter preserved was written in 1517, and in it he reports that the Turkish fleet were only forty miles off, while the Rhodians were under four captains, of whom he was one. He subsequently returned home, and attended the Field of the Cloth of Gold in 1520. He set out once more for Rhodes in 1522, and was drowned on the coast of Spain (cf. Brewer, Hist. of Henry VIII, i. 583).
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Newsham, Richard

​NEWSHAM, RICHARD (d. 1743), maker of fire-engines, was originally a pearl-button maker, carrying on business in the city of London. He obtained patents for improvements in fire-engines in 1721 and 1725 (Nos. 439 and 479), but the specifications contain only a meagre account of the machine. His engines are, however, fully described and illustrated in Desaguliers's ‘Experimental Philosophy,’ 1744, ii. 505, where they are very highly spoken of. They were made long and narrow, so as to pass through an ordinary doorway, the pumps being actuated by levers worked by men at each side. At one end treadles were provided in connection with the levers, to enable several men to assist by standing with one foot on each, throwing their weight upon each treadle alternately. The engine was fitted with an air-vessel—but Newsham was not the inventor of that contrivance, as is sometimes said—and by a particular conformation of the nozzle he was enabled to deliver a jet of water at a very high velocity, and powerful enough to break windows. In the ‘Daily Journal’ for 7 April 1726 there is an account of a trial of one of his engines which threw water as high as the grasshopper ​on the Royal Exchange, or about 160 feet from the ground. He carried on business at the Cloth Fair, Smithfield, and his advertisements, some of which contain minute descriptions of the mechanism of the engines, are occasionally met with in the newspapers of the day (cf. Daily Post, 30 July and 6 Aug. 1729; Daily Journal, 1 Aug. 1729; London Evening Post, 12–14 May 1730). He states that he has supplied engines to many of the fire-insurance companies and to the chief provincial towns. An example, presented by the corporation of Dartmouth, is preserved in the machinery and inventions department of the South Kensington Museum. The pump-barrels are 4½ inches diameter, and the stroke is 8½ inches. The engine is in good working order, and it has the original paper of instructions, protected by a plate of horn, still attached. An illustrated broadside relating to Newsham's engines is in the Guildhall Library.
He died in April 1743, his will, dated 2 Sept. 1741, having been proved on 29 April 1743 in the prerogative court of Canterbury. He left the business to his son Laurence, who died in April 1744. Laurence, by his will, dated 3 April and proved on 23 April, bequeathed the business to his wife and to his cousin George Ragg; and the firm ‘Newsham & Ragg, engine-makers, Cloth Fair,’ appears in the ‘London Directory’ down to 1765. The account-books of the Navy Board (now at the Public Record Office) contain many entries relating to fire-engines supplied by Newsham & Ragg to the ships of the Royal Navy.
R. B. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Newport, Richard (1587-1651)

​NEWPORT, RICHARD, Lord Newport (1587–1651), born in 1587, sprung from a family that was long seated at High Ercall (cf. Eyton, Antiquities of Shropshire, passim), was eldest son of Sir Francis Newport by his wife Beatrice (Dugdale, Baronage, ii. 467; Owen and Blakeway, Shrewsbury, i. 273, 342). On 19 Oct. 1604 he matriculated at Oxford from Brasenose Col​lege, and graduated B.A. on 12 June 1607 (Foster, Alumni Oxon., 1500–1714, iii. 1063). On 2 June 1615 he was knighted at Theobalds (Metcalfe, Book of Knights, p. 165). He was M.P. for Shropshire in 1614, Shrewsbury in 1621–2, and Shropshire in 1624–5, 1625, and 1628–9. The king, in consideration of a present of 6,000l., raised him to the peerage as Baron Newport of High Ercall on 14 Oct. 1642 (Clarendon, Hist., ed. Macray, bk. vi. sects. 66–7). By March 1643 he was in the custody of the parliamentarians at Coventry (Commons' Journals, ii. 1004), and in October 1645 he was a prisoner in Stafford. On 23 Jan. 1646 he was ordered to be brought up for examination (ib. iv. 416), but in April the committee were informed that he had been long in France, and intended to remain there. A fine of 16,687l. 13s. 3d., subsequently reduced to 9,436l., was inflicted on him. The committee for advance of money assessed him at 800l. on 11 May 1647, and, on failing to get it, ordered his estate to be sequestered, but finally agreed to take 500l. (Cal. pp. 727, 813). The House of Commons, on 22 March 1648–9, expressed its readiness to accept 10,000l. as the joint fine of Newport and his son Francis (Cal. of Committee for Compounding, p. 924). Newport died at Moulins in France on 8 Feb. 1650–1, and was buried there. ‘By the malignity of the recent times,’ he wrote in his will on 12 Nov. 1648, ‘my family is dissolved, my cheife howse, High Ercall, is ruined, my howsholdstuffe and stocke sold from me for haveing assisted the king’ (registered in P.C.C. 126, Grey). By Rachel, daughter of Sir John Leveson, knt., of Halling, Kent, who survived him, he had, with six daughters, two sons, Francis (1619–1708), afterwards Earl of Bradford [q. v.], and Andrew (1623–1699) [q. v.], both of whom are separately noticed.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Newstead, Christopher

​NEWSTEAD, CHRISTOPHER (1597–1662), divine, son of Robert Newstead, baptised at South Somercotes, Lincolnshire, on 15 Nov. 1597, matriculated at Oxford, from Alban Hall, on 22 Nov. 1616. From 1621 to 1628 he was in attendance as chaplain on Sir Thomas Roe [q. v.] during his embassy to the Ottoman Porte. On his return he was presented (19 June 1629) to the vicarage of St. Helen at Abingdon, Berkshire, where he remained till 1635. In March 1642 Laud, being under a promise to Sir Thomas Roe to benefit his former chaplain, nominated him to the rectory of Stisted in Essex; but the lords refused to confirm the nomination, and Newstead did not get the presentation until 23 May 1643. Bad reports preceded him to Stisted, and he was not only unable to obtain possession of the rectory, but was maltreated by his parishioners; it is doubtful even whether he obtained admission into the church, as his name nowhere appears in the parish registers. Eventually, in July 1645, he was sequestrated from the living, though a fifth part of the profits of the rectory was granted to his wife by the committee for plundered ministers. By the same committee Newstead was in 1650 appointed preacher at Maidenhead in Berkshire, and he received an augmentation from the committee for the maintenance of ministers; but to this objection was taken on the ground of his sequestration from Stisted. He therefore petitioned the council of state (7 Feb. 1654–5), and his case was put into the hands of Nye, Lockyer and Steary to inquire and report. On 15 Feb. he was ordered by the council to retain possession of Maidenhead, and to preach during the inquiry. The case was still proceeding in August 1657. At the Restoration Newstead petitioned for the profits of the rectory of Stisted (23 June 1660), but apparently without success. He was made prebendary of Cadington Minor in St. Paul's Cathedral on 25 Aug. He died in 1662.
He married at St. George's, Botolph Lane, London, on 5 Sept. 1631, Mary, daughter of Anthony Fulhurst, of Great Oxendon, Northamptonshire, who was reduced to great want after his death, and was supported by the charity of the Corporation for Ministers' Widows. A son Christopher, born in 1637, was a scholar of Eton in 1654, and was chosen a fellow of King's College, Cambridge, in 1658 (Harwood, Alumni, p. 251).
Newstead was author of ‘Apology for Women, or Women's Defence,’ London, 1620, which he dedicated to the Countess of Buckingham. A copy of the work, which is very rare, is in the Bodleian Library.
B. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tempest, Pierce

​TEMPEST, PIERCE (1653–1717), printseller, born at Tong, Yorkshire, in July 1653, was the sixth son of Henry Tempest of Tong by his wife, Mary Bushall, and brother of Sir John Tempest, first baronet. It is said that he was a pupil and assistant of Wenceslaus Hollar [q. v.], and some of the prints which bear his name as the publisher have been assumed to be his own work; but there is no actual evidence that he ever practised engraving. Establishing himself in the Strand as a book and print seller about 1680, Tempest issued some sets of plates of birds and beasts etched by Francis Place and John Griffier from drawings by Francis Barlow; a few mezzotint portraits by Place and others, chiefly of royal personages; and a translation of C. Ripa's ‘Iconologia,’ 1709. But he is best known by the celebrated ‘Cryes of the City of London,’ which he published in 1711, a series of seventy-four portraits, from drawings by Marcellus Laroon the elder [q. v.], of itinerant dealers and other remarkable characters who at that time frequented the streets of the metropolis; the plates were probably all engraved by John Savage (fl. 1690–1700) [q. v.], whose name appears upon one of them. Tempest died on 1 April 1717, and was buried at St. Paul's, Covent Garden, London. There is a mezzotint portrait of him by Place, after G. Heemskerk, with the motto ‘Cavete vobis principes,’ and the figure of a nonconformist minister in the ‘Cryes’ is said to represent him.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tegai

​TEGAI (1805–1864), Welsh poet. [See Hughes, Hugh.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tegg, William

1904 Errata appended.
​TEGG, WILLIAM (1816–1895), son of Thomas Tegg [q. v.], was born in Cheapside, London, in 1816. After being articled to an engraver, he was taken into his father's publishing and bookselling business, to which he succeeded on his father's death in 1845. He was well known as a publisher of school-books, and he also formed a considerable export connection. One branch of his business consisted of the reprinting of standard works at very moderate prices. In his later years he removed to 85 Queen Street, Cheapside.
He knew intimately George Cruikshank and Charles Dickens in their early days, while Kean, Kemble, and Dion Boucicault were his fast friends. He was a well-known and energetic member of the common council of the city of London. He retired from business some time before his death, which took place at 13 Doughty Street, London, on 23 Dec. 1895.
His name is attached to upwards of forty works, many of them compilations. The following are the best known: 1. 'The Cruet Stand: a Collection of Anecdotes,' 1871. 2. 'Epitaphs … and a Selection of Epigrams,' 1875. 3. ' Proverbs from Far and Near, Wise Sentences … ,' 1875. 4. 'Laconics, or good Words of the Best Authors,' 1875. 5. 'The Mixture for Low Spirits, being a Compound of Witty Sayings,' 4th ed. 1876. 6. 'Trials of W. Hone for publishing Three Parodies,' 1876. 7. ' Wills of their own, Curious, Eccentric, and Benevolent,' 1876, 4th ed. 1879. 8. ' The Last Act, being the Funeral Rites of Nations and Individuals,' 1876. 9. ' Meetings and Greetings: Salutations of Nations,' 1877. 10. 'The Knot tied, Marriage Ceremonies of all Nations,' 1877. 11. 'Posts and Telegraphs, Past and Present, with an Account of the Telephone and Phonograph,' 1878. 12. ' Shakespeare and his Contemporaries, together with the Plots of his Plays, Theatres, and Actors,' 1879. Under the name of Peter Parley he brought out much popular juvenile literature, which was either reprinted from or founded on books written by the American writer, Samuel Griswold Goodrich (Allibone, Dict. of English Literature, 1859, i. 703).
[Times, 27 Dec. 1895, p. 7; Athenæum. 1895, ii. 903; Bookseller, 30 June 1864, 10 Jan 1896.]
G. C. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.263 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Tegid

​TEGID (1792–1852), Welsh poet and antiquary. [See Jones, John.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Telfer, James

​TELFER, JAMES (1800–1862), minor poet, son of a shepherd, was born in the parish of Southdean, Roxburghshire, on 3 Dec. 1800. Beginning life as a shepherd, he gradually educated himself for the post of a country schoolmaster. He taught first at Castleton, Langholm, Dumfriesshire, and then for twenty-five years conducted a small adventure school at Saughtrees, Liddisdale, Roxburghshire. On a very limited income he supported a wife and family, and found leisure for literary work. From youth he had been an admirer and imitator of James Hogg (1770–1835) [q. v.], the Ettrick Shepherd, who befriended him. As a writer of the archaic and quaint ballad style illustrated in Hogg's ‘Queen's Wake,’ Telfer eventually attained a measure of ease and even elegance in composition, and in 1824 he published a volume entitled ‘Border Ballads and Miscellaneous Poems.’ The ballad, ‘The Gloamyne Buchte,’ descriptive of the potent influence of fairy song, is a skilful development of a happy conception. Telfer contributed to Wilson's ‘Tales of the Borders,’ 1834, and in 1835 he published ‘Barbara Gray,’ an interesting prose tale. A selected volume of his prose and verse appeared in 1852. He died on 18 Jan. 1862.
[Rogers's Modern Scottish Minstrel; Grant Wilson's Poets and Poetry of Scotland.]
T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Teignmouth, Baron

​TEIGNMOUTH, BARON. [See Shore, John, first baron, 1751–1834.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Telfair, Charles

​TELFAIR, CHARLES (1777?–1833), naturalist, was born at Belfast about 1777, and settled in Mauritius, where he practised as a surgeon. He became a correspondent of Sir William Jackson Hooker [q. v.], sending plants to Kew, and established the botanical gardens at Mauritius and Réunion. He also collected bones of the solitaire from Rodriguez, which he forwarded to the Zoological Society and to the Andersonian Museum, Glasgow. In 1830 he published ‘Some Account of the State of Slavery at Mauritius since the British Occupation in 1810, in Refutation of Anonymous Charges … against Government and that Colony,’ Port Louis, 4to. He died at Port Louis on 14 July 1833, and was buried in the cemetery there. There is an oil portrait of Telfair at the Masonic Lodge, Port Louis, and Hooker commemorated him by the African genus Telfairia in the cucumber family. His wife, who died in 1832, also communicated drawings and specimens of Mauritius algæ to Hooker and Harvey.
[Journal of Botany, 1834, p. 150; Strickland and Melville's Dodo and its Kindred, 1848, p. 52; Britten and Boulger's Biographical Index of Botanists.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Paul, William de

​PAUL, WILLIAM de (d. 1349), bishop of Meath, is said to have been a native of Kent by Villiers de Saint-Etienne, but of Yorkshire by Cogan (Diocese of Meath, i. 76). He entered the Carmelite order, and studied at Oxford, where he graduated D.D., and subsequently at Paris. In 1309, at a congregation of the order held at Genoa, he was elected provincial of the Carmelites in England and Scotland, and in 1327 was provided by John XXII to the see of Meath, and consecrated at Avignon, his temporalities being restored to him on 24 July. He held the see for twenty-two years, and died in July 1349.
By Bale, Pits, Fabricius, Leland, and Ware, Paul is confused with William Pagula [q. v.]; he is also stated to have written several theological and other works, none of which are known to be extant, and most of which have also been attributed to Pagula (see Villiers de Saint-Etienne, Bibl. Carm. i. 605–6, for a list of them, and discussion as to their supposed authorship).
A. F. P.