OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bargrave, John

​BARGRAVE, JOHN (1610–1680), canon of Canterbury Cathedral, was a nephew of Isaac Bargrave [q. v.], and was born in Kent about 1610. He became a fellow of St. Peter's College, Cambridge, from which he was ejected in 1643, and for many years devoted his time chiefly to travelling on the continent. In 1646 and 1647 he was in Italy with his nephew, John Raymond, author of an itinerary in which Bargrave is supposed to have had a considerable hand. He was again at Rome in 1650, 1655, and 1659-60. After the Restoration he obtained several preferments in Kent, and in 1662 was made a canon of Canterbury. Immediately after this promotion he departed with Archdeacon Selleck on the dangerous errand of ransoming English captives at Algiers, for whose redemption ten thousand pounds had been subscribed by the bishops and clergy. He acquitted himself successfully of his mission, and spent the rest of his life at home, dying at Canterbury on 11 May 1680. His sole contribution to literature is a curious account of 'Pope Alexander the Seventh and the College of Cardinals,' not originally intended for publication, consisting of scraps selected from three anonymous contemporary Italian publications ('La Giusta Statura de'Porporati,' Il Nipotismo di Roma,' and Il Cardinalismo di Santa Chiesa,' the last two by Gregorio Leti), with considerable additions of his own, and originally designed to illustrate the portraits of the pope and cardinals published by De Rossi in 1657. Though abounding in errors arising from a defective knowledge of Italian, the book is amusing and curious. It was edited by Canon Robertson for the Camden Society in 1867, with a memoir of Bargrave, and a descriptive catalogue of the curiosities he had acquired in his travels which presents many points of interest.
[Walker's Sufferings, pt. ii. p. 152; Wood's Fasti (Bliss), ii. 267; Canon Robertson's Memoir of Bargrave, prefixed to Pope Alexander VII.]
R. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barham, Charles Foster

​BARHAM, CHARLES FOSTER, M.D. (1804–1884), physician—the second christian name was rarely used—was the fourth son of Thomas Foster Barham [q. v.] (1766–1844), and was born at Truro on 9 March 1804. He was educated privately at several places in Cornwall and at Saffron Walden, proceeding from the latter town to Downing College, Cambridge, where he matriculated in October 1821. In the following January he migrated to Queens' College, and became a foundation scholar in May 1823. The bent of his family was for medicine, and after studying at Edinburgh, as well as at Paris and in Italy, ​Barham took the degree of M.B. at Cambridge in 1827, qualifying for the higher degree of M.D. in 1860. For a few years he practised at Tavistock, but in August 1837 he settled at Truro, and remained there until his death. In the following year he was appointed senior physician to the Royal Cornwall Infirmary, and when he resigned that post in 1873 was elected consulting physician. On his settlement at Truro Dr. Barham threw himself with energy into its political and civic life, and on 28 Sept. 1839 became more closely identified with the town by his marriage to Caroline, the second daughter of Clement Carlyon, M.D., who belonged to an old Truro family. In all the proceedings of the Royal Institution of Cornwall Dr. Barham took an active part, and to its ‘Reports’ and ‘Journal’ he contributed many articles. He died at Truro on 20 Oct. 1884, leaving a large family behind him.
Though Dr. Barham was interested in antiquarian and geological pursuits generally, the two subjects which had especial charm for him were the climate of Cornwall and the diseases of the miners who contributed to its wealth. The names of many papers written by him on these topics are enumerated in the ‘Bibliotheca Cornubiensis,’ vols. i. and iii. His services were engaged in 1842 by a commission on the employment of children, and his report, with the evidence which he collected, was printed in the first and second reports of the commission.
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barham, Thomas Foster (1766-1844)

​BARHAM, THOMAS FOSTER (1766–1844), musician and miscellaneous writer, the third son of Joseph Foster, who took the name of Barham by authority of a private act of parliament, and in accordance with the will of Henry Barham, was born at Bedford, 8 Oct. 1766, and educated at St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. as Thomas Foster in 1792. After his university course he travelled on the Continent. On his return he became connected with the mercantile house of Plummer & Co., but ill-health obliged him to leave London, and to retire into the west of England, where he finally settled at Leskinnick, near Penzance, Cornwall. He died there 25 Feb. 1844. He married in 1790 Mary Ann, eldest daughter of the Rev. Joshua Morton, of Blackheath, and by this lady had six children, of whom Charles, Francis, Thomas, and William are mentioned in separate articles in this work.
His principal publications are: 1. ‘Letter from a Trinitarian to a Unitarian,’ Penzance, 1811. 2. ‘Musical Meditations, consisting of original compositions, vocal and instrumental,’ Lond. 1811, 2nd set 1815. 3. ‘Abdallah or the Arabian Martyr, a Christian drama in three acts’ [and in verse], Lond. 1820, 2nd edit., Penzance, 1821. 4. ‘Elijah, a sacred poem in four cantos,’ Lond. 1822. 5. ‘Colonel Gardiner, a Christian drama in three parts,’ Lond. 1823. 6. ‘Pergolesi's celebrated Stabat Mater or Calvary; with English words written for the purpose, substituted in the place of the ancient Latin verses, and the instrumental parts arranged for the organ or pianoforte,’ &c., 1829. ​7. ‘Lander Africanus. A musical drama,’ Penzance, 1834. 8. ‘Reliquiæ Seriæ, or Christian Musings. By Ἐλάχιστος,’ Lond. 1836.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barham, Charles Middleton

​BARHAM, CHARLES MIDDLETON, Lord. [See Middleton, Charles.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Barford, William

1904 Errata appended.
​BARFORD, WILLIAM, D.D. (d. 1792), scholar and divine, was educated at Eton, and elected to King's College, Cambridge, in 1737. He proceeded B.A. in 1742, M.A. in 1746, and D.D. in 1771. He became tutor of his college, was thrice moderator in the Sophs' school, was proctor in 1761, and from 1762 to 1768 public orator, only resigning the post to stand for the Greek professorship, which he failed to obtain. In 1768 his college presented him with the living of Fordingbridge, in Hampshire, and in the year following he was appointed chaplain to the House of Commons by Sir John Cust, the speaker, but held the office for only one session. The next speaker appointed another chaplain, and Dr. Barford's friends feared he would be deprived of the usual preferment conferred on holders of the office; but on the plea that he was to be considered chaplain, ​appointed not by the speaker but by the house, it was resolved, 9 May 1770, that the king be addressed to confer some dignity upon him. He was consequently installed a prebendary of Canterbury in June of the same year. In 1773 he resigned Fordingbridge for the rectory of Kimpton, Hertfordshire, which he held along with the living of Allhallows, Lombard Street, till his death in November 1792. He married in 1764. A Latin dissertation of Barford's on the ‘First Pythian’ is published in Dr. Huntingford's edition of Pindar's works, to which is appended a short life of the author, a list of his works, and a eulogium of his learning. The list consists of poems on various political events in Latin and Greek, written in his capacity of public orator, a Latin oration at the funeral of Dr. George, provost of King's College, 1756, and a ‘Concio ad Clerum,’ 1784, written after his installation as canon of Canterbury. Dr. Jacob Bryant, in the preface to the third volume of his ‘New System of Mythology,’ pays a high tribute to Barford's talents and erudition, thanking him for his ‘zeal,’ his ‘assistance,’ and his ‘judicious remarks.’ In the life of Bryant, prefixed to the six-volume edition of the ‘New System,’ Barford is put first in the list of his friends.
[Gent. Mag. lxii., lxiii. (lxiii. 418 for an account of the proceedings in the House of Commons, and Commons Journal, xxxii.); Harwood's Alumni Etonenses; Concio ad Clerum, Camb. 1784, in Brit. Mus.]
R. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.15 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 182 | ii | 16 f.e. | Barford, William: after 1771 insert He was proctor in 1761 |
| | | 14 f.e. | for 1761 read 1762 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Crabtree, Henry

Henry Krabtree in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​CRABTREE or KRABTREE, HENRY (fl. 1685), astrologer, would scarcely deserve mention here but for the fact that he has sometimes been confounded with William Crabtree the astronomer. He was born either at Norland or at Sowerby, in the parish of Halifax, and is said to have been a schoolfellow of Archbishop Tillotson. He became curate of Todmorden in Lancashire, and in 1685 published ‘Merlinus Rusticus, or a Country Almanack’ (London, printed for the company of Stationers). From the long description of the contents given in the title-page (which is copied in the anonymous ‘History of Halifax’) it appears that the object of the book was mainly astrological. No copy of it is found in the library of the British Museum.
[Hist. of the Town and Parish of Halifax (Halifax, 1789), p. 320; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. v. 192.]
H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cradock, Edward

​CRADOCK, EDWARD (fl. 1571), alchemist, a native of Staffordshire, was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. 11 Jan. 1555-6 and M.A. 10 Feb. 1558-9. He was elected Lady Margaret professor on 24 Oct. 1565, and later in the same year took both the degrees in divinity. In 1571 he published 'The Shippe of assured Safetie, wherein we may sayle without Danger towards the Land of the Living, promised to the true Israelites,' 16mo; 2nd edit. 1572, 8vo. Some Latin sapphics by Cradock are prefixed to Peterson's translation of Delia Case's 'Galateo,' 1576, 4to. He spent many years in searching for the philosopher's stone, and wrote: 1. 'A Treatise of the Philosopher's Stone,' preserved among the Ashmolean manuscripts (1445), written in English verse and dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. 2. 'Tractatus de Lapide Philosophico' (Ashmolean MS. 1415), written in Latin verse and dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. 3. 'Documentum et Practica' (Ashmolean MS. 1408), which also deals with the philosopher's stone. He resigned his professorship in 1594.
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cradock, John

​CRADOCK, JOHN (1708?–1778), archbishop of Dublin, born about 1708, was a native of Wolverhampton. Having received his education at St. John's, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1728, he was elected to a fellowship of his college, which he held with the rectory of Dry Drayton, Cambridgeshire. Subsequently he became rector of St. Paul's, Covent Garden, London, and chaplain to John, fourth duke of Bedford. The degree ​of B.D. had been conferred on him in 1740, and that of D.D. in 1749. Accompanying the Duke of Bedford to Ireland on his appointment to the office of lord-lieutenant, he was soon after promoted, in November 1757, to the bishopric of Kilmore; and having held that see for fourteen years, he was translated to the archbishopric of Dublin, by patent dated 5 March 1772. In 1777 he incurred the vituperative attacks of Dr. Patrick Duigenan, who, in his 'Lachrymae Academicae,' took occasion to censure him severely because he had, as visitor of Trinity College, Dublin, spoken rather favourably of Provost Hutchinson, against whom that publication was specially directed. Cole says of him that he was 'a portly, well-looking man, of a liberal turn of mind, and a social and generous disposition.' His publications are:
* 'A Sermon before the University of Cambridge,' 1739.
* 'Sermon before the House of Commons,' 1752.
* 'Fast Sermon,' on Jeremiah vi. 8, 1758.
* 'A Charge delivered at his Primary Visitation in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin,' 1772.
He died at his palace of St. Sepulchre's, in the city of Dublin, 10 Dec. 1778, and was buried in the southern aisle of St. Patrick's, but there is not any inscription to his memory. His only son, John Francis Cradock, changed his name to Caradoc, and was raised to the Irish peerage in 1819, with the title of Baron Howden; and his widow, Mary Cradock, died 15 Dec. 1819, aged 89, and was buried in the Abbey Church, Bath.
[Graduati Cantabrigienses; Cotton's Fasti Ecclesiae Hibernicae, ii. 26, iii. 169; D'Alton's Memoirs of the Archbishops of Dublin, p. 344; Watt's Bibl. Brit.]
B. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cradock, Marmaduke

​CRADOCK, MARMADUKE (1660?–1716), painter (erroneously called ‘Luke’ by Walpole), was born at Somerton, near Ilchester, Somersetshire, about 1660, and was sent to London. After the expiration of an apprenticeship to a house-painter, he became a skilful painter from nature of animals, birds, and still life, but did not meet with success, and worked for dealers. He died in March 1716, and was buried on 24 March in St. Mary's, Whitechapel, having resided in Colchester Street. After his death the merits of his pictures were recognised, and they rose in value. Some very spirited groups of birds were engraved and published in 1740–3 by Josephus Sympson. Walpole praises some pictures by Cradock. One is at Knowsley.
[Redgrave's Dict. of English Artists; Nagler's Künstler-Lexikon; Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, ed. Dallaway and Wornum; Sarsfield Taylor's State of the Arts in Great Britain and Ireland; Scharf's Catalogue of the Pictures at Knowsley Hall; Registers of St. Mary's, Whitechapel.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Delane, Solomon

​DELANE, SOLOMON (1727–1784?), landscape-painter, born at Edinburgh in 1727, was a self-taught artist, who worked entirely from nature. He travelled in France and Italy, painting many landscapes, and settled for some years in Rome. In 1763 he sent a large landscape from Rome to the exhibition at Spring Gardens, and in 1771 sent two landscapes to the exhibition of the Royal Academy. Up to 1777 he continued to send landscapes from Rome to the principal exhibitions, and then appears to have travelled in Germany, residing about 1780 near Augsburg. In 1782 he appears to have returned to London, and exhibited two views in the Alps at the Royal Academy. His name appears for the last time in 1784, after which date nothing more is known of him. His landscapes were admired for their good perspective and effective treatment of the sky. In the print room at the British Museum there is a large humorous etching by him, entitled ‘The Right Comical L. C. J., J. Sparks.’
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Delaram, Francis

​DELARAM, FRANCIS (d. 1627), engraver, was contemporary with Elstracke, William and Simon de Passe, and Payne, and probably taught by them. He was but thirty-seven years old at the time of his death, which is supposed to have taken place in London in 1627. His works, which are executed in a stiff but neat manner, are much sought by collectors. They are chiefly portraits. His ​plates are: William Somers, ‘King Heneryes (VIII) Jester,’ after Holbein; Henry VIII; Queen Mary I, in oval frame (holding the supplication of Thomas Hongar); Sir Thomas Gresham; Queen Elizabeth, after her death; James I (equestrian); Henry, prince of Wales, son of James I, in the robes of the Garter; James Mountagu, bishop of Winchester, 1617; Arthurus Severus O'Toole Nonesuch, ætatis 80, 1618 (he was a military adventurer who distinguished himself against the Irish rebels); Henry Percy, earl of Northumberland; W. Burton of Falde; Sir Henry Mountagu (chief justice of the king's bench); Sir William Segar; Robert Abbot; John, bishop of Lincoln; Frederick, elector palatine; Charles, prince of Wales (an equestrian portrait, with a view of Richmond palace in the distance, exceedingly rare; an impression is in the British Museum); Mathias de Lobel; Sir Horatio Vere; George Withers, poet; Frances, duchess of Richmond and Lenox; and a frontispiece to ‘Nero Cæsar,’ fol. 1624. This is the latest date found on Delaram's works. To these may be added the portraits of Frances Seymour, countess of Hertford; Katherine, marchioness of Buckingham; Ernest, count Mansfeldt; and Henry, earl of Manchester.
L. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Delaune, Gideon

​DELAUNE or DELAWNE, GIDEON (1565?–1659), apothecary, eldest son of William Delaune [q. v.], a French protestant pastor, was born at Rheims in or about 1565. He accompanied his father to this country, and was appointed apothecary to Anne of Denmark, queen of James I. When that ​monarch determined in 1617 to incorporate the Society of Apothecaries, 114 apothecaries, being his majesty's ‘natural subjects,’ were nominated as members. With them a few foreigners were associated, and Delaune became a member of the court of assistants. He served the office of junior warden in 1624, that of senior warden in 1627, and was master in 1637. He was appointed an alderman of Dowgate Ward 17 Jan. 1625–6, and was discharged as an alien a week later. Thomas Delaune (Present State of London, ed. 1681, p. 329), in an account of the Apothecaries' Company, says: ‘Among many worthy members [was] Dr. Gideon de Laune, apothecary to King James, a man noted for many singularities in his time, a great benefactor to the public, and particularly to the foundation of the Apothecaries' Hall in Black-Fryars, where his statue in white marble is to be seen to this day, and to whom I have the honour to be nearly related, which is not the reason that I mention him, but to perpetuate his memory as well as others, as is due to his desert. He lived piously to the age of ninety-seven years, and worth (notwithstanding his many acts of publick and private charity) near as many thousand pounds as he was years, having thirty-seven children by one wife, and about sixty grandchildren at his funeral. His famous pill is in great request to this day, notwithstanding the swarms of pretenders to pill-making.’ This account is in some respects erroneous. He had only seventeen children, most of whom were stillborn or died in infancy, and his grandchildren were fewer than thirty in number. These facts are proved by his will, dated 19 June 1654, and proved 20 June 1659, and by his funeral certificate in the College of Arms, both of which documents give his age as ninety-four at the time of his death.
He was a great benefactor to the Apothecaries' Company, having been ‘a principal means for the procuring of the said company to be made a corporation,’ and for the purchase of Apothecaries' Hall, where a massive marble bust of him is preserved. For many years this bust occupied such a position as to be virtually excluded from sight; but in 1846 it was placed on a bracket at the upper end of the hall. There is also in the hall a portrait of him in oil, supposed to have been painted by Cornelius Jansen. He possessed an estate at Roxton, Bedfordshire, the manor of Sharsted, Kent, where some of his descendants still reside, a mansion in Blackfriars, London, and extensive property in Virginia and the Bermudas.
By his wife, Judith Chamberlaine, he had issue a son Abraham, who married Anne, daughter of Sir Richard Sandys of Northbourne Court, Kent; and a daughter, Anne, married to Sir Richard Sprignell, bart., of Coppenthorpe, Yorkshire.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Delatre, Jean Marie

Jean Marie Delattre in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​DELATRE or DELATTRE, JEAN MARIE (1745–1840), engraver, was born in 1745 at Abbeville, and, after exercising his craft for some time in Paris, was brought to England in 1770 by William Wynne Ryland. Here he became one of Bartolozzi's numerous pupils, and then his principal assistant, a good deal of the work bearing Bartolozzi's name being in reality the work of Delatre. The work bearing Delatre's own name is comparatively rare, and not of the highest quality. In 1801 he brought an action against Copley, by whom he had been commissioned to engrave a smaller plate of the ‘Death of the Earl of Chatham,’ and recovered 600l. Raimbach, who apparently was present, gives in his ‘Memoirs’ an account of the trial, which turned on the artistic merit of the work, and seems to have been mainly a contest of evidence between painters and engravers. As to the plate itself, if one may venture to decide where doctors have disagreed, it is not admirable. Delatre died at North End, Fulham, on 30 June 1840.
F. T. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Delaune, Paul

​DELAUNE, PAUL (1584?–1654?), an eminent physician, a native of London, was related, probably, to Gideon Delaune [q. v.], the wealthy apothecary, and by marriage to Dr. Argent, who was eight times president of the College of Physicians, and who died in 1642. Delaune was educated at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, where he proceeded A.M. about 1610. He graduated as M.D. at the university of Padua on 13 Oct. 1614, and at the university of Cambridge on 4 Nov. 1615 (Regist. Acad. Cantab.). He was examined before the censors' board of the Royal College of Physicians on 8 Sept. 1615, admitted a candidate of the College of Physicians 25 June 1616, and became a fellow on 21 April 1618. When Lord Falkland was appointed lord deputy of Ireland, Delaune accompanied him as his physician, and resided for some years in Dublin. On 24 May 1642 he was made an elect, and in 1643 senior censor, of the College of Physicians. On 13 June 1643, after the withdrawal of Dr. Winston to the continent, Delaune was appointed professor of physic in Gresham College, through the influence of Thomas Chamberlane, a member of the Mercers' Company. For upwards of nine years he discharged the duties of his chair with efficiency and success. On 27 June 1643 he was recommended by the college, in compliance with an order of Lenthall, speaker of the House of Commons, as one of three physicians to the parliamentary army under the Earl of Essex. In 1652 Dr. Winston returned to England and was restored to the Gresham professorship (20 Aug.) For some time after his compulsory resignation of the chair of physic Delaune was in straitened circumstances. Ultimately he accepted from Cromwell the appointment of physician-general to the fleet, which he accompanied first to Hispaniola, and afterwards to Jamaica. He was probably present at the capture of this island in 1653, but nothing further is known of his history or fate. According to Hamey, his death took place in December 1654.
A. W. R.