# History of California (Bancroft)/Volume 3

THE WORKS
OF
HUBERT HOWE BANCROFT.
VOLUME XX.
HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA.
VOL. III. 1825-1840.
SAN FRANCISCO: THE HISTORY COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. 1886.
Entered according to Act of Congress in the Year 1885, by HUBERT H. BANCROFT,
In the Office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington.
All Rights Reserved.
CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME.
CHAPTER I.
A TERRITORY OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC.
1825.
PAGE
CHAPTER II.
ECHEANDÍA'S RULE—POLITICAL AFFAIRS.
1826–1830.
CHAPTER III.
ECHEANDÍA AND HERRERA—FINANCE—THE SOLIS REVOLT.
1826–1830.
Hard-times Items Aid from Mexico The Revenues Comisario and Habilitados Secret Investigation Suspension and Resignation Estrada, Vallejo, and Jimeno Casarin as Administrators Revolt of ​1828—Revolt of 1829—Causes—Monterey Taken—Joaquin Soils Plan of November 15th Argiiello Declines the Command Soils Marches South Echeandía's Preparations Revolt at Santa Barbara Bloodless Battles of Dos Pueblos and Cieneguita Retreat of Soils Retaking of the Capital A vila Captures Soils Trial The Span ish Flag Banishment of Herrera and Twenty Conspirators Finan cial Affairs in 1829-30 56
CHAPTER IV.
ECHEANDfA AND THE PADRES MISSION AND INDIAN AFFAIRS.
1826-1830.
Mission Prefect and Presidents The Question of Supplies The Oath of Allegiance Sarria s Arrest Friars Still Masters of the Situation- Council at San Diego Southern Padres Willing Northern Padres Refuse Flight of Ripoll and Altimira The Friars as Spaniards Echeandia s Conciliatory Policy Petitions of the People Exile of Martinez Progress towards Secularization Mexican Policy Diffi culties Junta of April 1826 Decree of July Experimental Free dom Mission Schools and Lands Plan of 1829-30 Approval of the Diputacion Action in Mexico Indian Affairs -Sanchez s Expedi tion Vallejo s Campaign against Estanislao Northern Fort Sea sons 87
CHAPTER V.
ECHEANDTA S RULE MARITIME AND COMMERCIAL AFFAIRS.
1826-1830.
Vessels of 1826 Revenue Rules HartnelPs Business Hawaiian Flag- Cooper and the Rover Lawsuit with Argiiello Beechey s Visit in the Blossom Books Resulting Trading Fleet of 1827 Reglamentos on Liquors and Live-stock Embarrassment of McCulloch, Hartuell, & Co. Cunningham at Santa Catalina Visit of Duhaut-Cilly and Botta Maritime Affairs of 1828 Restrictions Smuggling Affair of the Franklin Cannon-balls Affair of the Karhnoko Vessels of 1829 Custom-house Arrival of the Broolcline Gale s Correspond ence Raising the Stars and Stripes Lang at San Diego The Santa Barbara Built in California Ships and Trade of 1830 List of Vessels, 1825-30 U.3
CHAPTER VI.
OVERLAND SMITH AND PATTIE FOREIGNERS.
1826-1830.
The Eastern Frontier The Trappers First Visitors by the Overland Route Jedediah Smith, 182G-8 Errors Corrected Original Docu ments The Sierra Nevada Crossed and Re-crossed First Entry of ​
y the Hudson s Bay Company McLeod and Ogdcn Pa^tie s Visit and Imprisonment, 1828-30 Flint s Narrative Truth and Fiction A Tour of Vaccination Peg-leg Smith Trapping License of Exter and Wilson Vaca from New Mexico Ewing Young and his Hunt ers from New Mexico Foreign Residents Annual Lists of New comers Regulations on Passports and Naturalization 150
CHAPTER VII.
RULE AND OVERTHROW OF VICTORIA. 1831.
Appointment of Victoria Arrival Echeandia s Delay Command Sur rendered Beginning of a Quarrel Golpe de Estado Schemes of Padre s and Party Victoria s Address to the People Charges against the Governor Refusal to Convoke the Diputacion Memorials and ThreatsVictoria s Manifiesto Replies of Bandini and Pico Ad ministration of Justice The Death Penalty Case of Atanasio The Robbers Aguilar and Sagarra Execution of Rubio Exile of Abel Stearns Victoria and Alcalde Duarte of San Josd Trouble at Los Angeles Exile of Jose" A. Carrillo Jose" M. Padre s Banished Plots of Carrillo, Bandini, and Pico Pronunciamiento of San Diego Echeandia in Command Angeles Revolts Fight near Cahuenga Death of Pacheco and Avila Victoria Sent to San Bias Rodrigo del Pliego Action in the North Carrillo s Efforts in Congress 181
CHAPTER VIII.
AN INTERREGNUM ECHEANDIA AND ZAMORANO.
1832.
The Diputacion at Los Angeles Action against Victoria Attempts to Make Pico Governor Echeandia s Opposition A Foreign Company at Monterey Zamorano s Revolt A Junta at the Capital The News at San Diego Sessions of the Diputacion Los Angeles Deserts Echeandia Warlike Preparations Ibarra at Angeles Bar- roso at Paso de Bartolo Indians Armed Compact between Eche andia and Zamorano The Territory Divided Final Sessions of the Diputacion The Avila Sedition Who is Governor ? Affairs in Mexico Carrillo s Efforts and Letters Choice of a Governor Jos6 Figueroa Appointed Instructions Mishaps of a Journey^Mutiny at Cape San Lucas Waiting for a Ruler 216
CHAPTER IX.
FIGUEROA S RULE HLJAR AND PADRES COLONY.
1833-1834.
Arrival of Figueroa Primitive Printing Imaginary Difficulties Am nesty to Rebels Echeandia and Zamorauo Biography of Echeandia ​
Bandini Elected to Congress No Sessions of the Diputacion in 1833 The Northern Frontier Figueroa Resigns A Warning- Mutiny at San Francisco The Diputacion in 1834 Address by the Governor Legislative Affairs The First Book Printed in California Reglamento Petaluma and Santa Rosa Santa Anna y Farias Conspiracy of Guerra and Duran New Election Events in Mexico Padre s and his Schemes Colonization Hijar as Gefe Politico Colony Organized Compania Cosmopolitana Political Schemes The March to Tepic Voyage of the Natalia and Mordos Re ception of the Colony at San Diego and Monterey Wreck of the Natalia Authorities 240
CHAPTEK X.
FIGUEROA, CASTRO, AND GUTIERREZ THE COLONY.
1834-1835.
Santa Anna Orders Figueroa not to Give up the Command to Hljar Quick Time from Mexico Hijar Demands the Mission Property His Instructions Action of the Diputacion Lost Prestige of Padres Bando Controversy Bribery Submission of the Directors Aid to the Colonists At Solano New Quarrel Rumored Plots Revolt of Apaldtegui and Torres Pronunciamiento of the Sonorans Sur render Legal Proceedings Figueroa s Orders Seizure of Arms at Sonoma Arrest of Verduzco and Lara Exile of Hijar and Padre s Figueroa s Manifiesto Sessions of the Diputacion Carrillo in Con gress Los Angeles Made Capital Foundation of Sonoma Death of Figueroa Life and Character Castro Gefe Politico Gutierrez Comandante General Estudillo s Claims . 270
CHAPTER XI..
MISSIONS AND SECULARIZATION.
1831-1833.
Echeandia s Plan of 1830 Decree of 1831 The Comisionados Views of the Padres Carrillo s Efforts in Mexico The Pious Fund Events of 1832 Diputacion and Friars Echeandia s Reglamento Notes of Padre Sanchez Ikichelot and Short Exiles from the
Hawaiian Islands New Missionaries in 1833 The Zacatecanos
Division of the Missions Troubles m the North Flogging Neo phytesSupplies for San Francisco Misconduct of Padre Mercado at San Rafael Massacre of Gentiles Figueroa s Instructions on Secularization Echeandia s Regulations Figueroa s Policy Ex periments in the South Provisional Rules Emancipation in Prac ticeProjects of President Duran Figueroa s Report against Secu larizationMexican Decrees of 1833 President and Prefect. . . 301 ​ CHAPTER XII.
MISSION AND INDIAN AFFAIRS.
1834-1835.
PACE
Emancipation Indian Pueblos The Diputacion Figueroa s Policy Mexican Law of April 1834 Provisional Regulations of August 9th Hi jar s Instructions Their Meaning The Reglamento in Practice Local Results Ten Missions Secularized Views of the Padres Supplementary Regulations of Nov. 4th Destruction of Mission Property by the Friars Slaughter of Cattle Stipends in 1835 Mission Supplies Mission Ranchos Garcia Diego s Suggestions Local Items of 1835 Six Missions Secularized The Fernandinos Content Mexican Decree of Nov. 9th Mission Statistics, 1831-5 Seasons Pestilence Indian Affairs, 1831-5 339
CHAPTER XIIT.
MARITIME, COMMERCIAL, AND FINANCIAL AFFAIRS.
1831-1835.
Annual Lists of Vessels on the Coast Revenue Statistics Smuggling Items Seizure of theLoriot Commercial Regulations Victoria and Bandini Contraband Ports Bandini and Angel Ramirez A Dis appointed Inspector of Customs Fur Trade Salt Abel Stearns Operations at San Pedro Treasury Officials Comisarios Bandini, Gomez, Gonzalez, Estrada, and Herrera Minor Revenue Officers Local Items Financial Correspondence Statistics Municipal Funds Taxation Tithes Plan of Ways and Means Alphabetical List of Vessels.. . 363
CHAPTER XIV.
PIONEERS AND FOREIGN RELATIONS.
1831-1835.
Overland Immigration New Mexican Route WqlfskilFs Party Ypunt and Burton Jackson s Company Warner Ewing Young s Second Visit Carson, Williams, Sparks, and Dye Graham and Leese Across the Sierra Captain Joe Walker Nidever Bonne ville s Narrative Hudson s Bay Company Trappers Otter-hunting in Cal iforniaNew Mexican Horse-thieves Chino Pando Foreign Policy Fears Offer of Purchase by U. S. Spaniards Pioneer Names ThoseJVVho Came_before 1830 New-comers of Each Year Alpha A betical Lists Douglas the Botanist Thomas Coulter s Visit Mori- ( neau s Memoir Visit of Hall J. Kelley John Coulter s Lies Dana s/ Two Years Before the Matt 385 ​ CHAPTER XV.
RULE OF GUTIERREZ AND CHICO. 1836.
Castro Transfers the Gefatura to Gutierrez A Quiet Rule Centralist Precautions The Capital Vigilance Committee at Los Angeles Shooting of a Man and Woman Bandini s Plan at San Diego Ap pointment and Arrival of Governor Chico Inaugural Address Swearing of the Bases Chico s Orders Address Sessions of the Junta Departamental Agent for Mexico Chico in the South Be ginning of Troubles Calif ornian Views of Chico s Character Dona Cruz, the Governor s Mistress Feeling of Foreigners Chico and Stearns Revolution Planned Results of the Vigilantes Chico and Duran Amours of Castanares and Dona Ildefonsa Chico and Es trada Excitement at the Capital Chico Leaves the Country 414
CHAPTER XVI.
GUTIERREZ, CASTRO, AND ALVARADO REVOLUTION.
1836.
Second Rule of Gutierrez His Policy and Character Vaue Charges- Quarrel with the Diputacion Popular Feeling Causes of Revolt Juan B. Alvarado Revenue Quarrel Another Version Prepara tions at San Juan Californians in Arms Graham s Riflemen Siege of Monterey Documentary Record Surrender The Mexicans Exiled Biography Gutierrez Castillo Negrete Herrera Munoz Navarrete The Estradas Rule of Josd Castro Plan of Conditional Independence Lone-star Flag The Diputacion as a Constituent Congress Vallejo as Comandante General Revenue Civic Militia Alvarado as Governor Division of the State Commerce The New Regime Affairs in the North 445
CHAPTER XVII.
ALVAHADO S RULE TROUBLES IN THE SOUTH.
1836-1837.
Causes of Southern Opposition Sectional, Local, and Personal Prejudice The News at Angeles San Diego Aroused Plan of November Counter-plan of Santa Bdrbara New Ayuntamientos and New Plan Letters of Prominent Men Castillo Negrete Osio Baudini Pio Pico Carlos Carrillo Alvarado in the South The Barbareuos Sub mit Angelinos Obstinate Dieguiuos Patriotic but not Warlike
Defensive Measures Campaign and Treaty of San Fernando Alva rado at Los Angeles Castro s Arrival Another Plan Speeches- Fears of Attack from Sonora Castro at San Diego Diputacion Sus tains Alvarado Plan de Gobierno Intrigues of Osio and Pico Los Angeles Submits Governor s Maiiiiicsto of May Return to Monte rey Events in the North, January to May 47$ ​ CHAPTER XVIII
SAN DIEGO PLAN ALVARADO AND CARRILLO,
1837.
PAGE
Bandini s Movements Plots on the Frontier Zamorano, Portilla, and Estrada Plan of May Seizure of Los Angeles Don Juan at San Diego The Army at Angeles and San Fernando Castillero s Com mission Oath of Centralism in the South Alvarado at Monterey and Santa Clara Rumors from Mexico Ramirez Revolt Monterey Taken and Retaken Alvarado Returns to the South Treaty with Castillero Alvarado Swears to the Constitutional Laws His Mo tives Diputacion at Santa Barbara Castillero Sent to Mexico The California Vallejo Refuses to Accept Centralism Carlos Car- rillo s Appointment Alvarado s Position Carrillo Assumes Office at Angeles San Diego Obedient Not so Sta Barbara Letters of Vallejo and Alvarado , 515
CHAPTER XIX.
DON JUAN BAUTISTA AND DON CARLOS. 1838.
Don Carlos Closes Northern Ports Sends for Mexican Troops Castro s Plan A Spurious Appointment Carrillo s Letters Military Prepa rations Castaiieda at San Buenaventura Santa Barbara Threatened News from Mexico Battle of San Buenaventura Los Angeles Taken Alvarado at San Fernando Don Carlos at San Diego A New Plan Tobar in Command Campaign of Las Flores Treaty Negotiations at San Fernando Escape of the Pretender Vallejo Favors Don Carlos News by the Catalina Arrival of Castillero Recognition of Alvarado and Vallejo An Island for Carrillo Aba- jeiios Despondent Arribenos Triumphant Re-arrest of Canillos and Picos 545
CHAPTER XX.
ALVARADO S RULE POLITICAL EVENTS.
1839-1840.
Governor and General at Santa Barbara Carlist Prisoners Don Carlos Yields End of the Conflict Military Discipline Presidial Com panies Diputacion as a Junta at Monterey Division of California into Districts and Partidos Prefects Plots of Ramirez and Padre Mercado Life of Angel Ramirez Sedition at Branciforte Flag Tu mult at Los Angeles Castillero Elected to Congress Vocales Elected War with France Jinieno Acting Governor Alvarado Married by Proxy Arrival of the California Alvarado Appointed Governor Cosme Pena Castafieda Sent to Mexico Annals of 1 840 Sessions of the Junta Departamental Tribunal de Justicia Monterey the Capital Conspiracy of Carrillo and Gonzalez 579 ​ CHAPTER XXI.
LOCAL ANNALS OF SAN DIEGO DISTRICT.
1831-1840.
PAGE
Military Commandants Decrease and Disappearance of the Presidial Organization Fort and Other Buildings Population Private Ran- chos Summary of Events Politics and Indian Depredations- Treasure on the Colorado Civil Government Ayuntamien to- Criminal Record San Diego Mission Padre Martin Statistics Secularization Ortega as Administrator San Luis Rey Padre Peyri A Prosperous Mission Slaughter of Cattle Chronologic Happenings Pio Pico in Charge HartnelFs Investigation Mission Ranches San Juan Capistrano Statistical View Annals of Eman cipationAdministration of the Argiiellos The Ex-neophyte Pue blos of San Juan, San Dieguito, Las Mores, and San PascuaL 608
CHAPTER XXII.
LOCAL ANNALS OF LOS ANGELES DISTRICT.
1831-1840.
A Centre of Political Agitation Chronologic Summary and Index Local Occurrences Indian Hostilities Day and Stearns Vigilance Com mittee Sectional Warfare Carrillo s Capital Tumult of the Flag Arrest of Foreigners Increase of Population Private Ranches Ayuntamiento and Municipal Affairs Criminal Record A Race The Prefecture Pefia, Tapia, and Argiiello Port of San Pedro San Gabriel Padres Boscana and Sanchez Statistics Secularization Events Bandini s Reforms San Fernando Rey Father Cabot A Prosperous Mission Antonio del Valle as Comisionado Chronolo gic Record 629
CHAPTER XXIII.
LOCAL ANNALS OF SANTA BARBARA DISTRICT. 1831-1840.
Gain in Population Presidial Organization Military Items Summary of Events Santa Bdrbara in the Political Controversies Chico and Duran Municipal Affairs Official List Sub-prefecture Grants of Private Ranchos Santa Bdrbara Mission Statistical View Annals of Secularization San Buenaventura Fathers Sufier, Una, and For- tuni Population, Agriculture, and Live-stock Majordomos and Administrators Santa Ines Father Arroyo de la Cuesta Statistics of Decadence A Gain in Cattle Moderate Prosperity Local Hap peningsLa Purisiina Couuepcion Secularization Inventories 649 ​ CHAPTER XXTV.
LOCAL ANNALS OF MONTEREY DISTRICT,
1831-1840.
PAGE
Population Visits and Descriptions Summary and Index of Events Military Record Municipal Affairs and Administration of Justice Prefecture Criminal Eecord Private Ranchos Mission San Car los San Luis Obispo Padre Gil y Taboada Statistics of Decline San Miguel Padre Juan Cabot Population and Property San Antonio Secularization Mercado s Complaints Hartnell s Inspec tion La Soledad Padre Sarria Inventories of Live-stock and Crops San Juan Bautista or San Juan de Castro Padres and Neo phytes Mission Estate Emancipation of the Indians Pueblo and Capital of the District Santa Cruz, or Pueblo de Figueroa Villa deBranciforte.. . 667
CHAPTER XXV.
1831-1840.
Gainjn^ Population Number of Inhabitants in California, North and South Summary of San Francisco Events Military Affairs Com pany Transferred to Sonoma Pueblo and Ayuntamiento Granting of Lots Later Litigation Growth of Yerba Buena Richardson, Leese, and Spear Private Ranchos of the District San Francisco Mission San Rafael Padre Amor6s Map of Mission Lands San Francisco Solano Pueblo of Sonoma General Vallejo s Achicve- ments in the Frontera del Norte San Jose" Mission A Prosperous Establishment Santa Clara Padres Viader and Moreno Pueblo de San Jose" de Guadalupe de Alvarado Population Municipal Affairs and List of Officials Summary of Events 698
PIONEER REGISTER AND INDEX. Fabbol to Hyde 733
HISTORY OF CALIFORNIA.
CHAPTER I. W- ...
A TERRITORY OF THE MEXICAN REPUBLIC. 1825.
RATIFICATION OF THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION JUNTA DE CALIFORNIAS IN MEXICO COMPANIA ASIATICO-MEXICANA SESSIONS OF THE DIPUTA- CION ECHEANDIA APPOINTED GOVERNOR TRANSFER OF THE OFFICE AT SAN DIEGO BIOGRAPHY OF DON Luis ARGUELLO-T- ECHEANDIA s COMPANIONS PACHECO, ZAMORANO, AND RAMIREZ HERRERA AS COM- ISARIO DE HACIENDA THE MISSIONS THE PADRE.S REFUSE ALLEGIANCE TO THE REPUBLIC THE DIPUTACION ON SECULARIZATION PADRE Du- RAN AS PRESIDENT MISSION SUPPLIES AND FINANCE VESSELS ON THE COAST SURRENDER OF THE AsiA AND CONSTANTS MORRELL S VISIT AND BOOK COMMERCE FOREIGN RESIDENTS A RAINY SEASON.
Ix the preceding volume I have completed
CHAPTER VI.
OVERLAND SMITH AND PATTIE FOREIGNERS 1826-1830.
FOR forty years California had been visited with increasing frequency by foreigners, that is, by men whose blood was neither Indian nor Spanish. Eng land, the United States, Russia, and France were the nations chiefly represented among the visitors, some of whom came to stay, and to all of whom in the order of their coming I have devoted some atten tion in the annals of the respective" years. All had come from the south, or west, or north by the broad highway of the Pacific Ocean bounding the territory on the west and leading to within a few miles of the most inland Spanish establishments. The inland boun dary an arc whose extremities touch the coast at San Diego and at 4U, an arc for the most part of sierras nevadas so far as could be seen, with a zone of desert beyond as yet unknown had never yet been crossed by man of foreign race, nor trod, if we except the
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse