OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Donaldson, James Lowry

Edition of 1900.
​DONALDSON, James Lowry, soldier, b. in Baltimore, Md., 17 March, 1814; d. there, 4 Nov., 1885. He was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1836, and became 2d lieutenant in the 3d artillery, serving in that capacity during the Florida war in 1836-'8. He was transferred to the 1st artillery in May, 1837, and became 1st lieutenant in July, 1838. Subsequently he was on garrison duty until 1846, when he was stationed at Fort Brown during the military occupation of Texas. During the Mexican war he participated in the battles of Monterey and Buena Vista, receiving the brevets of captain and major. He was appointed assistant quartermaster, with the rank of captain, in March, 1847, and was on duty as such in Coahuila, Mexico. Subsequent to the war he continued as quartermaster at various posts until he became chief quartermaster of the Department of New Mexico in 1858-'62. During the civil war he held a like office in Pittsburgh, Pa., with the 8th army corps in Baltimore, Md., and in the Department of the Cumberland. He was chief quartermaster of the military division of the Tennessee in June, 1865, and of the military division of the Missouri until 1869, when he was retired. Meanwhile he had attained the rank of colonel on the staff, and had received the brevet of major-general of volunteers. He resigned on 1 Jan., 1874. During his administration of the quartermaster's department of the division of the Tennessee, he became a favorite with Gen. George H. Thomas, to whom he suggested the creation of cemeteries for the scattered remains of soldiers who had fallen in battle, from which has resulted the annual Decoration day. Gen. Donaldson published “Sergeant Atkins” (Philadelphia, 1871), a tale of adventure founded on events that took place during the Florida war.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Dondé Ibarra, Joaquín

Edition of 1900.
​DONDÉ IBARRA, Joaquín (don-day'), Mexican scientist, b. in Campeche, Mexico, 6 July, 1827; d. in Merida, 1 Nov., 1875. He received his early education in the city of Campeche, and in 1844 removed to Puebla, where he entered the college of pharmacy, being graduated in 1847. He continued his studies in the city of Mexico, and in 1850 established a chair of pharmacy in Campeche, and in 1853 another in Merida. He also held for a long time the chair of botany in the Catholic college of Merida, and the chair of industrial chemistry for artisans. Donde was one of the founders of the special school of medicine and pharmacy of Yucatan. He was the inventor of some very useful chemical products, and the first to produce santonate of soda (1862). He published “Pharmaceutical Prescriptions,” which appeared in Philadelphia under the name of “Pharmaceutical Notes,” and were republished in France, England, and Germany; “Preparación del Santonato de Sosa”; “Estudio sobre el Ni-in”; and “Elementos de Botánica.” Donde was a great benefactor of the local industries of Merida.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Donelson, Andrew Jackson

Edition of 1900.
DONELSON, Andrew Jackson, politician, b. near Nashville, Tenn., 25 Aug., 1800; d. in Memphis, 26 June, 1871. He studied in the University of Nashville, and was graduated at the U. S. military academy in 1820, standing second in his class. From 1820 till 1822, while 2d lieutenant in the engineers, he served as aide-de-camp to his uncle, Gen. Andrew Jackson, when the latter was governor of the recently-acquired territory of Florida, and then as assistant to the board of engineers. He resigned from the army in February, 1822, attended law-lectures in the Transylvania university at Lexington, Ky., and was admitted to the bar in 1823, but turned his attention to cotton-planting on his estates in Bolivar county, Miss. On Jackson's election to the presidency, he became his confidential adviser and private secretary, continuing in that capacity until the close of his second administration. The annexation treaty between the United States and Texas having been rejected by ​the senate in April, 1844, Mr. Donelson was asked to undertake new negotiations, and accordingly was appointed chargé d'affaires to the republic of Texas. In 1846 he was appointed minister to Prussia, and in 1848 to the federal government of Germany, which office he resigned in 1849. He assumed the editorship of the Washington “Union” in 1851, but relinquished it during the following year. After the inauguration of President Pierce in 1853, he abandoned the Democrats and joined the American party, receiving the nomination of vice-president on the ticket with Millard Fillmore in 1856. After his defeat in the election that followed, he retired from public life, and devoted himself to the management of his extensive estates. Subsequent to the civil war he practised his profession in Memphis. He published “Reports of Explorations” (Washington, 1855).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Domenech, Miguel

Edition of 1900.
​DOMENECH, Miarnel, R. C. bishop, b. in Rios, Spain, in 1816 : d. in Tarragona, Spain, in 1878. He was educated in France by the priests of the congregation of the mission, and after becoming a member of that order came to the United States in 1837, He finished his studies in the theological seminary of The Barrens, Missouri, was admitted to the i^riesthood in 1839, and became a professor in St. Mary's college. In 1842 he founded St. Vincent's male academy at Cape Girardeau, and was subsequently a missionary in the state of Mis- souri. He was sent to Pennsylvania in 1845, and performed pastoral duties in Nicetown. His next mission was in Germantown, where he erected the church of St. Vincent de Paul. He was conse- crated bishop of Pittsburgh in 1860, and during his administration erected several churches and schools. The diocese of Pittsburgh was considered too large for a single bishop, and in 1875 a portion , of it was formed into the see of Allegheny, to which Bishop Domeneeh was transferred in 1876. This division gave rise to dissensions and diffieiil- ties, and, in order to bring all questions to a decis- ion, he went to Rome in 1877. He resigned his see the same year.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Domville, James

Edition of 1900.
​DOMVILLE, James, Canadian capitalist, b. in England, 29 Nov., 1842. He was educated in his native country, and in 1858 went to Barbadoes, where his father, Gen. James Domville, R. A., was in command of the garrison, and there became a merchant. In 1866 he arrived in St. John, New Brunswick, engaged in business as a merchant, and also became proprietor of the iron works, rolling mills, and nail factories at Moosepath, Coldbrooke, and Rockland, in Kings county, and entered largely into other commercial schemes. He is president of the Maritime bank of the dominion of Canada, a member of the council of the Dominion artillery association, a fellow of the Royal colonial institute, London, England, has been president of the Kings county board of trade, and was chairman of the delegation from St. John, N. B., at the Dominion board of trade, Ottawa, in 1871. He was elected a representative to the Dominion parliament in 1872, and re-elected at the general elections in 1874 and 1878. He is a liberal conservative.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Donkin, Robert

Edition of 1900.
​DONKIN, Robert, British soldier, b. 19 March, 1727; d. near Bristol, England, in March, 1821. He entered the army in 1746, was at the siege of Belle Isle in 1761, afterward served in Flanders with Wolfe, and through the Seven years' war. and was aide-de-camp and secretary to Gen. Rufane, governor and commander-in-chief at Martinique. He was commissioned captain in 1770, and had risen to the rank of general in 1809. He served through the whole of the American war from 1775 till 1783, in the early part of it as aide-de-camp to Gen. Gage, and then as major of the 44th regiment. He was the author of " Military Collections and Remarks" (New York, 1777, "published for the benefit of the children and widows of the valiant ​soldiers inhumanly and wantonly butchered when peacefully marching to and from Concord, April 19, 1775, by the rebels").
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Domenech, Emmanuel Henry Dieudonné

Edition of 1900.
​DOMENECH, Emmanuel Henry Diendonné, French author, b. in Lyons, France, 4 Nov., 1825; d. in France in June, 1886. He became a priest in the Roman Catholic church, and was sent as a missionary to Texas and Mexico. During Maximilian's residence in America, Domenech acted as private chaplain to the emperor, and he was also almoner to the French army during its occupation of Mexico. On his return to France he was made honorary canon of Montpellier. His “Manuscrit pictographique Américain, précédé d'une notice sur l'idéographie des Peaux Rouges” (1860), was published by the French government, with a facsimile of a manuscript in the library of the Paris arsenal, relating, as he claimed, to the American Indians, but the German orientalist, Julius Petzholdt, declared that it consisted only of scribbling and incoherent illustrations of a local German dialect. Domenech maintained the authenticity of the manuscript in a pamphlet entitled “La vérité sur le livre des sauvages” (1861), which drew forth a reply from Petzholdt, translated into French under the title of “Le livre des sauvages au point de vue de la civilization Française” (Brussels, 1861). He has also published “Journal d'un missionaire au Texas et au Mexique” (1857); “Voyage dans les solitudes Américaines, le Minnesota”(1858); “Voyage pittoresque dans les grands desert du Nouveau monde” (1861); “Les Gorges du Diable, voyage en Islande” (1864); “Legendes islandaises” (1865); “Le Mexique tel qu'il est” (1867); and “Histoire du Mexique, Juarez et Maximilien, correspondances inédites” (1868). The historical accuracy of the last-named work has been questioned by several writers, including Gen. Prim. Domenech also published “Quand j'etais journaliste” (1869); “Histoire de la campagne de 1870-'1 et de la deuxième ambulance de la presse Française” (1871); and “L'écriture syllabique (Maya) dans le Yucatan d'après les decouvertes de l'Abbé Brasseur de Bourboug” (1883); and during the latter part of his life he produced also several works pertaining to religion and ancient history.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Donnelly, Ignatius

Edition of 1900.
​DONNELLY, Ignatius, author, b. in Philadelphia, 3 Nov., 1831. He was educated in the public schools of his native city, studied law, was admitted to the bar, and practised. He went to Minnesota in 1857, was elected lieutenant-governor in 1859, and again in 1861, and was then elected to congress as a republican, serving from 7 Dec., 1863, till 3 March, 1869. Besides doing journalistic work he has written an "Essay on the Sonnets of Shakespeare"; "Atlantis, the Antediluvian World" (New York, 1882), in which he attempts to demonstrate that there once existed in the Atlantic ocean, opposite the straits of Gibraltar, a large island, known to the ancients as "Atlantis"; and "Ragnarok" (1883), in which he tries to prove that the deposits of clay, gravel, and decomposed rocks, characteristic of the drift age, were the result of contact between the earth and a comet.—His sister, Eleanor Cecilia, poet, b. in Philadelphia, Pa., 6 Sept., 1838, received her education in the public schools of Philadelphia and at the French academy of Mme. Adèle Sigoigne, of that city. She is a singer, having a rich contralto voice of power and considerable range. Her poetical publications are "Out of Sweet Solitude" (Philadelphia, 1873); "Domus Dei" (1874); "Legend of the Best Beloved, and other Poems" (New York, 1880); "Crowned with Stars" (published by and for the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, 1881); "Hymns of the Sacred Heart," with music (Philadelphia, 1882); "Children of the Golden Sheaf, and other Poems" (1884); "Garland of Festival Songs," with music (New York, 1885); and "Little Compliments of the Season," original, selected, and translated verses (1886). She has also published "Our Birthday Banquet," in prose and verse (New York, 1885); "The Life of Father Felix" (Philadelphia, 1886); and two compilations, "Pearls from the Casket of the Sacred Heart of Jesus" (New York, 1880) and "Signori Leaflets" (1887). Her labors have received the special apostolic benediction of Pope Leo XIII., and she has been awarded a medallion by one of the chief religious orders of Rome. One of her poems was read at a grand academia in the Royal college of the Escorial, Madrid, Spain, in May, 1887.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Modjeski, Ralph

Edition of 1920. See also Ralph Modjeski on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
MODJESKI, Ralph, American civil engineer: b. Cracow, Poland, 27 Jan. 1861. He
came to the United States with his mother in 1876 and, for American naturalization, he changed his name to Modjeski, his mother being the celebrated tragedienne, Helena Modjeska. He was graduated at the College des Ponts et Chaussées, Paris, at the head of the class and with honors. He has designed and built many bridges in the United States, the largest among them being the government bridge at Rock Island over the Mississippi; the Mississippi River bridge at Thebes, Ill.; the McKinley bridge at Saint Louis; the new Bismarck bridge over the Missouri; bridges over the Columbia River at Vancouver, Wash., and Celilo, Ore.; two bridges over the Willamette River at Portland, Ore. He has recently constructed two bridges over the Mississippi River, — one at Memphis, Tenn., and one at Keokuk, Iowa, and is also consulting engineer on the design and construction of the Ohio River bridge at Metropolis, Ill., for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad and of the Thames River Bridge at New Haven, Conn., for the New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. He was one of the three members of the commission on the Quebec bridge, which has the longest span in the world. He received an honorary degree of doctor of engineering at the University of Illinois in 1911; is a past director and member of the American Society of Civil Engineers; member of the British Institute of Civil Engineers and of the American Institute of Consulting Engineers; past president and member of the Western Society of Civil Engineers; member of the Franklin Institute and of the American Railway Engineering Association; also member of numerous engineers' and social clubs.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Moe, Jörgen Ingebretsen

Edition of 1920. See also Jørgen Moe on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
MOE, mō, Jörgen Ingebretsen, Norwegian folklorist and poet: b. Ringerike, 22 April 1815; d. Christiansund, 27 April 1882. He is most noted for collecting, in collaboration with his companion Asbjörnsen, Norwegian sagas and folklore published under the titles ‘Norske Folkeaeventyr’ (1842-44; enlarged ed., 1882), in an English version by Dasent (1859); ‘Samling af Sange, Folkevïser og Stev’ (1840; enlarged ed., 1869, with melodies by Lindeman). His ‘I Brönden og Kjaernet’ (1851) containing juvenile stories and sermons are greatly admired, based, as they are, on folk poems. ‘Samlede Skrifter’ (Christiania 1877) is a collection of his works excepting the folk stories. Consult Halvorsen, J. B., ‘Norsk Forfatter-Lexikon’ (Vol. IV, Christiania 1896).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Moebius, August Ferdinand

Edition of 1920. See also August Ferdinand Möbius on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
MOEBIUS, me′bē-oos, August Ferdinand, German astronomer: b. Schulpforta, Germany, 17 Nov. 1790; d. Leipzig 26 Sept. 1868. He was graduated from the University of Leipzig in 1815, and was for 50 years professor of astronomy there. Through his efforts the observatory was remodeled and by his writings be established a new principle concerning the affinities of figures and proved the close connection between statics and geometry. He published ‘Der Barycentrische Calcul’ (1827); ‘Lehrbuch der Statik’ (1837); ‘Die Elemente der Mechanik des Himmels’ (1843); ‘Haupsätze der Astronomie’ (4th ed., Leipzig 1853), etc.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Moeller, Henry

Edition of 1920. See also Henry K. Moeller on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
MOELLER, mėl'ler, Henry, American Roman Catholic prelate; b. Cincinnati, Ohio, 11 Dec. 1849. His elementary studies were pursued at Saint Joseph's parochial school and he afterward attended Saint Xavier's College. In 1869 he went to the American College, Rome, wliere he followed a seven years' course in philosophy and theology. He was ordained priest in the church of Saint John Lateran, Rome, 10 June 1876, and after his return to Cincinnati was made pastor of Bellefontaine and later appointed to a professorship in Mount Saint Mary's Seminary, remaining there till 1879. In 1880 Archbishop Elder named him chancellor of the diocese of Cincinnati, and on 25 Aug. 1900 he was consecrated bishop of Columbus, Ohio. In April 1903 the Holy See appointed him titular archbishop of Areopolis and Coadjutor Archbishop of Cincinnati with right of succession, and on the death of Archbishop Elder, 31 Oct. 1904, he assumed charge of the archdiocese, the pallium being conferred upon him 15 Feb. 1905.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Modjeska, Helena

Edition of 1920. See also Helena Modjeska on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
MODJESKA, mŏd-jĕs'ka, Helena, Polish actress: b. Cracow, 12 Oct. 1844; d. Bay City, Cal., 8 April 1909. Her father was a musician. In 1860, Having married a theatrical manager, Modrzejewski, whose name she has since softened to Modjeska, she began to act, and soon gained local fame. After her husband's death she appeared in Warsaw in 1868, after marrying Count Bozenta Chlapowski in September of that year. In 1876 she came with the latter to America. In July 1877, at San Francisco, she made her American debut as Adrienne Lecouvreur in an English version of the play by Scribe and Legouve. Three years later she was seen in London as Camille, and from that time she was one of the foremost actresses of the English-speaking tragic stage. She starred with Booth in 1889-90. Her best roles were Shakespearean, notably Lady Macbeth, Cleopatra, Ophelia and Viola. Consult ‘Helena Modjeska: Memories and Impressions’ (New York 1910).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Modulus

Edition of 1920. See also modulus on Wiktionary, and the disclaimer.
MODULUS, in mathematics, a constant referring to properties of matter in certain equations. As stress is proportional to strain within the elastic limits, some constant quantity may be introduced making this proportionality into an equality. In dealing with strength of
materials, such a constant is called a modulus. Thus in Hooke's law, which says that extension, as of a bar, is proportional to the extending force, the constant which converts this proportionality into an equality is called the modulus of elasticity, or Young's modulus, and is denoted by E. Where the elastic limits are not exceeded, the transverse strain — i.e., the contraction per unit of transverse dimension — is from one-third to one-fourth the longitudinal strain. The symbol denoting the modulus of elasticity of bulk is K. It denotes the lessening of bulk per unit cube, usually per cubic inch, under hydrostatic stress. See Elasticity.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Moldenke, Charles Edward

Edition of 1920. See also Charles Edward Moldenke on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
MOLDENKE, mōl'dĕn'kė, Charles Edward, American Egyptologist: b. Lyck, East Prussia, 10 Oct. 1860. He was graduated from Columbia in 1879, and from the University of Strassburg in 1885. He was ordained to the Lutheran ministry in the latter year and held pastorates successively in Jersey City, N. J., 1885-90; New York, 1890-96; Mount Vernon, N. Y., 1897-1900. He has published ‘The Egyptian Origin of Our Alphabet’ (1886); ‘The Trees of Ancient Egypt’ (1886); ‘The New York Obelisk’ (1891); ‘The Tale of the Two Brothers’ (1898); ‘Egyptian Classics’ (1900).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Monroe, Harriet

Edition of 1920. See also Harriet Monroe on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
MONROE, Harriet, American author: b. Chicago, Ill., 23 Dec. 1860. She was graduated from the Visitation Academy, Georgetown, D.C., in 1879 and has since devoted herself to literature. In 1889 she wrote the text of the cantata given at the opening of the Chicago Auditorium and in 1891 wrote by request of the committee the ‘Columbian Ode’ which was sung at the dedicatory ceremonies at the World's Columbian Exposition in 1892. She has published ‘Valeria and Other Poems’ (1892); ‘John Wilborn Root — a Memoir’ (1896); ‘The Passing Show — Five Modern
Plays in Verse’ (1903); ‘The Dance of the Seasons’ (1911); ‘You and I — Poems’ (1914). In 1912 she established and became editor of Poetry, a magazine of verse.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Moby Dick

Edition of 1920. See also the disclaimer.
MOBY DICK, or 'The White Whale,' by Herman Melville, Is a strange, conglomerate book, embodying much lore that the author had acquired during whaling voyages in almost every ocean, and by long study of almost everything directly or indirectly concerned with whales and the whale fisheries. As a romance, it tells of the cruise of a Nantucket ship commanded by a crazed captain whose one thought is the capture of the ferocious monster that had maimed him on an earlier voyage. Relatively few, however, of the 135 chapters are occupied with the account of Captain Ahab and his search for the white whale, Moby Dick. The author gives exciting accounts of the pursuit and capture of whales under various conditions. He describes in detail the equipment of a whaling vessel and traces the complicated processes of cutting up the carcass, trying out the blubber and securing the sperm oil. He gives much scientific information regarding the habits and the anatomy of whales, intermixed with ingenious and sometimes facetious speculations of his own, and he has much to say of the whale in legend and in literature. He also portrays vividly many members of a whaling crew that included American Indians, negroes, East Indians and South Sea islanders, as well as Europeans of several nationalities. The book will prove disappointing to the reader who is impatient of delays and digressions in a story, but it contains few pages that are not interesting in themselves; and the effect produced by the mixture of erudition, speculation, poetical rhapsody and narrative of real and imagined occurrences is most impressive.
William B. Cairns.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Moeller, Louis

Edition of 1920. See also Louis Moeller on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
MOELLER, Louis, American genre painter: b. New York, 5 Aug. 1855. He worked with
his father, a decorator, for four years; studied in Munich with Dietz and Duveneck; and in 1883 returned to New York. He became a member of the National Academy in 1895, and has exhibited there since 1883. Among his works are ‘Road to School’ (1883); ‘Puzzled’ (1884); ‘Short Measure’ (1885); ‘An Interior’ (1886), etc.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wulst

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wulst | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wulst, f., ‘swelling, roll, pad,’ from the equiv. MidHG. (very rare) wulst, OHG. (rare) wulsta, f. (also signifying the ‘turned up lip’). A derivative of OHG. wëllan, MidHG. wëllen, str. vb., ‘to make round, roll,’ to which Welle is allied.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Wunder

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wunder | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wunder, n., ‘wonder, marvel, miracle,’ from MidHG. wunter, OHG. wuntar, n., ‘astonishment, object of astonishment, wonder, marvel’ (the signification ‘astonishment’ is preserved in the expression Wunder nehmen, ‘to be surprised,’ which existed in MidHG.). Comp. OSax. wundar, E. and Du. wonder. Teut. wundro- seems, like Gr. ἀθρέω (for *ϝαθρέω?), ‘to gaze at, observe, consider,’ to point to an Aryan root wendh, ‘to gaze at, stare at.’