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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chafy, William

1904 Errata appended.
​CHAFY, WILLIAM (1779–1843), master of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge, was the eldest son of the Rev. William Chafy, M.A., minor canon of Canterbury Cathedral, by Mary, the only daughter of John Chafie (as he wrote the name) of Sherborne, Dorsetshire. He was born 7 Feb. 1779 at Canterbury, and was sent in 1788 to the King's School in that city. He entered Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, on 1 Jan. 1796, migrating to Sidney Sussex College on 18 Oct. of the same year. He graduated B.A. 1800, M.A. 1803, B.D. 1810, D.D. (by royal mandate) 15 Nov. 1813. He was elected fellow of Sidney Sussex on 4 June 1801, and in that year was also ordained and became curate of Gillingham in Kent. On 17 Oct. 1813 he was elected master of Sidney Sussex, and held that office until his death. During his mastership the college was refaced at his expense; many of his books were also presented by him to the college library. In 1813, and again in 1829, he was vice-chancellor of the university. He was also chaplain in ordinary to George III, George IV, William IV, and Queen Victoria. He died at Cambridge 16 May 1843, and was buried in the chapel of his college. Dr. Chafy married, 4 Dec. 1813, Mary, youngest daughter of John Westwood of Chatteris in the Isle of Ely, by whom he had one child, a son, William Westwood.
[Private information from his grandson, the Rev. W. K. W. Chafy-Chafy, M.A., of Rous Lench Court, Worcestershire; Gent. Mag. vol. xx. (new series), 1843, May 16; Annual Reg. lxxxv. 1843, 262; Graduati Cantabrig.; Sidebotham's Memorials of the King's School, Canterbury (1865), pp. 94, 95.]
W. W.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.60 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chaceporc, Peter

​CHACEPORC or CHACEPORT, PETER (d. 1254), treasurer, a Poitevin favourite of Henry III, and nephew of a certain Hugh de Vynon, a valued servant of the king, was one of the royal clerks, and as such took part in the confirmation of the truce with France in 1243. From 1245 onwards he held the office of keeper of the king's wardrobe. He was rector of Ivinghoe, and in 1250 was made archdeacon of Wells. In that year also the king sent him to Winchester to try to persuade the monks to elect Aymer de Valence [q. v.] as bishop. His name occurs in 1252 in a scheme of composition between the king and Earl Simon of Leicester, and he was sent the same year to ask Queen Blanche to grant Henry leave to pass through France on his proposed visit to Gascony, a request the queen answered by a flat refusal. In 1253 he received, with Henry of Lexinton, the temporary charge of the great seal, was made treasurer, and was named one of the executors of the king's will. During the vacancy of the see of Lincoln in 1254 the king gave him the treasurership of that church. Later in the year he was with Henry when, on his return from Gascony, he visited Louis IX at Paris. On his homeward journey the king stayed awhile at Boulogne, and there Chaceporc died, on 24 Dec. Henry, who greatly valued him, buried him with honour in St. Mary's Church. By his will, made two days before his death, he left six hundred marks to found a house of regular canons to be chosen from Merton. The king carried out the wishes of his favourite servant by the foundation of Ravenston Priory in Buckinghamshire.
[Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, v. 179, 335, 484, 691 (Rolls Ser.); Annales de Dunstaplia ap. Ann. Monast. iii. 194 (Rolls Ser.); Royal Letters of Henry III, ii. 385 (Rolls Ser.); Rymer's Fœdera, i. 417, 488, 502, ed. 1704; Madox's History of the Exchequer, i. 609, ii. 116, 318; Liber Niger de Scaccario, ii. 534, ed. Hearne, 1771; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy); Foss's Judges of England, ii. 295.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chadwick, James

​CHADWICK, JAMES, D.D. (1813–1882), catholic prelate, was descended from an ancient Lancashire family. His father, John Chadwick, who belonged to the family of the Chadwicks of Brough Hall, near Chorley, emigrated to Ireland at the beginning of the present century and settled at Drogheda, where the future bishop was born on 24 April 1813. He was educated at St. Cuthbert's College, Ushaw, near Durham, and at different times he filled the chairs of humanities, mental philosophy, and pastoral ​theology in that institution. He also laboured as a missionary priest in the diocese of Hexham and Newcastle for more than seven years, but being subsequently recalled to Ushaw he remained there till 1866, when he was appointed bishop of Hexham and Newcastle, in succession to Dr. William Hogarth. He died at Newcastle on 14 May 1882. He edited Father Celestine Leuthner's ‘Cœlum Christianum,’ London, 1871, 8vo, and published ‘Instructions on the Prayer of Recollection,’ London, 1878, 8vo, methodically arranged from the 28th and 29th chapters of St. Teresa's ‘Way of Perfection.’
[Tablet, 20 May 1882, pp. 791–3; Times, 15 May 1882, p. 8; Men of the Time (1879), 213, (1884) 1136; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus.; Catholic Directory (1885), 140.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chabham, Thomas de

​CHABHAM or CHOBHAM, THOMAS de (fl. 1230), theologian, is mentioned as sub-dean of Salisbury in 1214 and 1230 (Le Neve, Fasti, ii. 619, ed. Hardy; comp. Leland, Comm. de Script. Brit. cclxxxvi. 299; Tanner, Bibl. Brit. p. 172). He was the author of a ‘Summa de pœnitentia et officiis ecclesiasticis,’ which is still extant in manuscript. Other works enumerated by Bale (Script. Brit. Cat. iv. 98, p. 379) are ‘Speculum ecclesiæ,’ ‘Tractatus de baptismo,’ and ‘De peccatis in genere,’ besides ‘Commentarii’ and ‘Sermones.’ Chabham has been generally identified by biographers with Thomas de Cobham [q. v.], who was bishop of Worcester in the fourteenth century. But it is clear from the manuscripts (Coxe, Catal. of Oxford MSS., University, cxix. 35 b, Oriel, xvii. 6 a, and Queen's, ccclxii. 84 b) that the writer of the treatise ‘De pœnitentia’ was known only as sub-dean of Salisbury, and two of the manuscripts cited date from before the end of the thirteenth century. In these the spelling of the author's name varies between ‘Chabeham,’ ‘Chobham,’ and ‘Chebeham;’ that of the sub-dean is given by Tanner as ‘Chabaam,’ and by Le Neve as ‘Chabaum.’ The bishop's name, on the other hand, seems to have been invariably spelled with a simple C; he is described by contemporary writers as canon of St. Paul's or of York, both which preferments he held, but not as sub-dean of Salisbury. The repetition of the name therefore among the officers of Salisbury Cathedral, found in Le Neve (l. c.) under the later date, plainly in order to suit Bishop Cobham, must be an error.
[Authorities cited above.]
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cestreton, Adam de

​CESTRETON, ADAM de (d. 1269), was one of the justices itinerant in the reign of Henry III. He is said to have been the king's chaplain, and on 28 Nov. 1265 he received a grant for life of the mastership of the domus conversorum, an establishment for converted Jews, which Henry III had founded about 1231 in New Street, London, now called Chancery Lane. In 52 Hen. III (1267–8) he sat as judge in nine different counties, sometimes alone and sometimes in conjunction with Richard de Hemington. He died in the following year, and was succeeded as master of the domus conversorum by Thomas de la Leye.
[Newcourt's Repertorium, i. 338; Excerpta e Rot. Fin. ii. 465, 466, 468–73, 475–78; Foss's Judges of England, ii. 294.]
H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chabot, Charles

​CHABOT, CHARLES (1815–1882), expert in handwriting, belonged to a Huguenot family, and was born at Battersea in 1815. He was originally a lithographer, but gradually acquired a large private practice as an expert in handwriting, while his unswerving integrity, no less than his skill, made him in much request in the law courts. He gave evidence in the Roupell and Tichborne trials, and in some other important cases his testimony practically governed the decisions. In 1871 Chabot examined professionally the handwriting of the letters of Junius and compared it with the handwriting of those ​persons to whom the letters had at various times been attributed. His detailed reports, which confirmed the identification of Sir Philip Francis with Junius, were published, with a preface and collateral evidence by the Hon. Edward Twistleton, in 1871. Chabot died on 15 Oct. 1882.
[Times, 17 Oct. 1882; Law Journal, xvii. 566.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cervetto, James

​CERVETTO, JAMES (1749?–1837), the natural son of Giacobbe Basevi or Cervetto [q. v.], was born in London about 1749. He learnt the violoncello from his father, whom he soon excelled as a performer, his tone in particular being remarkably pure in quality. His first appearance took place at the little theatre in the Haymarket on 23 April 1760, when the advertisement stated that his age was eleven. The other performers at this concert were Miss Burney, aged eleven, Miss Schmaehling (afterwards celebrated as Mme. Mara), whose age was stated to be nine, though she was really eleven, and Barron, aged thirteen. After 1763 he travelled abroad, playing in most of the capitals of Europe; but he was in London in 1765, when he played at a concert given by Parry, the harpist. In 1771 he became a member of the queen's private band, and in 1780 he joined Lord Abingdon's private orchestra. On the institution of the Professional Concerts in 1783 Cervetto was engaged as soloist; at the first concert he played a violoncello concerto by Haydn. During the earlier part of his career Cervetto was in friendly rivalry with Crosdill [q. v.]; but on his father's death he inherited a large fortune and retired from the active exercise of his profession. The younger Cervetto was a member of the Royal Society of Musicians for seventy-two years. He wrote a few unimportant pieces of music, mostly for the violoncello. He died on Sunday, 5 Feb. 1837.
[Authorities as under Giacobbe Cervetto; Musical World, 10 Feb. 1837; Dictionary of Musicians, 1827; Annual Register, 1837, p. 175; Mendel's Musikalisches Conversations-Lexikon.]
W. B. S.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 2/Mr. Hyde to Mr. Sidney, March 16

MR. HYDE TO MR. SIDNEY.
March 16.
When my Lord Sunderland and Mr. Godolphin are both out of town, I hope you will not be angry to hear a word from me, which is only to tell you that every body else is gone; and that I only, who have the reputation of a lazy and an idle man, to love London exceedingly, and to hate to take pains, am left here.
I have no business to trouble you with, nor no news to entertain you with, but that Sir Gabriel Sylvius will go hence next Friday, and, I hope, will succeed in his errand, as I wish Sir Robert Southwell may do, that they both follow your steps, who have had the skill and the good fortune to do more honour to yourself and your master than any Englishman abroad these many years.
Every thing here continues in the best disposition that can be; and, if we can make good alliances abroad, every thing at home will do very well. The ​King intends to make a long stay at Newmarket, and all that while my Lord Sunderland will enjoy himself at Althorpe. The Duke, they say, will be here on Saturday or Monday, only to see the Duchess, and returns again.
The night before my Lord Sunderland went away, we were together with Monsieur Van Lewin, and pressed him very much that his masters should pass their resolution in the States-General concerning the French alliance. He excused it all he could, and said they were not in a condition to do things of éclat, and that the substantial part was done by their Ambassadors at Paris. We told them that there could be no danger to them by doing what we desired, since that which he called the substantial part, which had been done at Paris, was that which would anger the French King. And this form of passing their resolution could not provoke him more; but it would give a more general satisfaction to us here, and especially amongst the people, who otherwise would think that there wanted still something between the States and us to make us sure of one another. The Ambassador said that he would write to his masters to this purpose, being convinced, as he owned, that it would be useful to ​us here. You will find whether He hath or not, and what the effects will be. I did not think to have troubled you so long, and ought to ask you the more pardon for it, because I doubt I have said nothing to you but what you know already.
I am, with great truth and respect, yours,
L. Hyde.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/The Earl of Sunderland to Mr. Sidney, March 1

THE EARL OF SUNDERLAND TO MR. SIDNEY.
March the 1st.
My Lord Bodmin and Sir Robert Southwell having orders to communicate all their instructions to you and the Prince, I need not say any thing to you concerning either of them, but that you are to give them all the information you can of what has been done and what is intended by the States. The Duke falls into all our measures so much beyond what we could expect, both at home and abroad, that I will venture to say the King's affairs are in a better condition than they have been these seven years. For we apprehended only that he would have disordered them, but we find quite the contrary. Take this upon my word, for I do positively affirm it to you. I must needs tell you that I have laboured more than ever you saw me, and that the King is entirely convinced that he can never have any good from France. If you had heard all he said to the Duke upon this subject, you would be amazed, but extremely satisfied. The chief difficulties in the Duke's mind were, that the Prince desired to enter into a new war; that the Parliament might sit, though never so much to the hazard of the Government or any thing else; and ​that his Highness took all his measures from Sir William Temple, who he looks upon as a Republican, and who the King likewise is unsatisfied with. But the care that has been taken has set all these things right.
I desire the Prince will never write any thing hither about our affairs, but only of those abroad, unless it is to Mr, Hyde, Mr. Godolphin, or me, for it can do no good, and has sometimes done the contrary. Let him but write kindly and submissively to the King and the Duke; that he depends upon them, that they may dispose of him; that he desires peace, and that, if the King slackens towards the States, they must throw themselves into the power of France, where they shall always be received with joy, and I'll undertake the business will go well. I doubt not but these things pursued abroad, and the like measures observed at home, will in a little time give so much satisfaction to the world, that, if the King should be forced to a war, he must have all the assistance from his people he can desire. Do not think that, when I change provinces, I shall have less mind or less opportunity to pursue these things. Pray be a little kind to Mr. Pooley, who desires very much to improve himself.—I am entirely yours.
​This is most of it the same letter I had writ last post.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/The Earl of Sunderland to Mr. Sidney, October 10

THE EARL OF SUNDERLAND TO MR. SIDNEY.
Whitehall, October 10th.
We are extremely troubled here at the ill success of our Guarantee, but we hope it will have a better at another time, which must be endeavoured on all sides; nothing shall be wanting here, I am sure. I have taken care that a yacht may be at the Brill the 22nd of this month. By the post that goes from hence this day se'nnight, you shall have your leave, and instructions what to do before you come away. The Duke is expected here in two or three days, haying liberty to go into Scotland by land, if he likes it best, which I believe he will. I am impatient to see you more than you can imagine. I hope you will not think our affairs in so desperate a condition as you have been told.
I am absolutely yours, Sunderland.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/The Earl of Sunderland to Mr. Sidney, October 17

THE EARL OF SUNDERLAND TO MR. SIDNEY.
Whitehall, October 17th, 1679.
Sir,
I have moved the King for leave for you to come over here for some short time; and his Majesty being pleased to consent to it, you shall find a yacht attend in the Mues by the 23rd inst. to transport you. His Majesty bids me likewise acquaint you, that he has prorogued the Parliament till the 26th of January next, and that one of the chief reasons which induced him to it was the desire he had that the alliance between him and the States may be concluded before the meeting of the Parliament; and his Majesty says, he hopes the Prince and Pensioner both will continue to use their utmost endeavours to and dispose the States to finish this work of alliance accordingly, before January. His Majesty would have you acquaint the Prince and Pensioner herewith, and that your stay on this side will not be long, but that his Majesty intends you should return to the Hague in a few weeks.
I am, Sir, Your most humble Servant, Sunderland.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/The Earl of Sunderland to Mr. Sidney, January 9

THE EARL OF SUNDERLAND TO MR. SIDNEY.
January 9th.
I now send you the paper, signed and sealed by the King as you desire, and leave you to make the use of it which will be best for us all; but how to get leave for the gentleman you mention in your letter to come over, I cannot imagine; for he knows the answer was sent to him by order of Counsell.
​You will see by my other letter what an honest gentleman Monsieur de Barillon is, who has given the lie to himself, or to Monsieur D'Avaux, or to both; and though he has denied it so formally to the Ministers here—I mean the foreign—he intimates as if the thing were true—"Mais il ne faut rien contester avec les Rois;" and by that he endeavours to continue the jealousies still; but I think the King has declared himself so as to leave little doubt of the sincerity of his intentions; and, besides, I am sure he never said any such thing. You are mightily commended, and I am ten times more pleased than I can be for any thing that is said of me. I am in a post that, I know, as things are now, I cannot be liked above a day, which makes me mind very little what is said, so long as I do my duty to the King.
I am entirely yours.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 1/The King of Denmark to Charles XI., February 4

THE KING OF DENMARK TO KING CHARLES II.
Fevrier 4e.
Monsieur Mon Frère,
J'ay vu par la lettre que vous m'avez écrite le 27e du Mois passé, et le rapport du Sieur Lindenau ​Monsieur Enyoyé Extraordinaire auprès de vous, les ouvertures qee Votre Majesté a jugé àpropos de me faire a l'occasion des présentes conjunctures, et de ce qui est nouvellement passé à la Haye touchant l'alliance que le Roy très Chrétien y a proposée. On ne peut assez louer les soins que Votre Majesté prend pour la conservation de la tranquillité publique, qui par son entremise vient d'estre restablie dans l'Europe, et come de ma part je n'en souhaite pas avec moins de passion la continuation, je seray toujours prest d'y contribuer tout ce qui dependra de moy, et d'agir de concert avec Vostre Majesté pour une chose si salutaire, mais particulièrement de vous faire connoitre le desir que j'ay d'entretenir toujours avec vous une bonne intelligence pour l'intéret et le bien commun de nos etats, et de vous temoigner en toutes rencontres l'amitié sincere avec laquelle je suis
Votre bon Frère,
Christian.
# Diary of the times of Charles II/Volume 2

(Improve this image)
page
DIARY OF THE TIMES
of
CHARLES THE SECOND
by the
HONOURABLE HENRY SIDNEY
(AFTERWARDS EARL OF ROMNEY)
INCLUDING HIS C0RRESPONDENCE
WITH
THE COUNTESS OF SUNDERLAND,
AND OTHER DISTINGUISHED PERSONS AT THE ENGLISH COURT:
TO WHICH ARE ADDED,
LETTERS ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE TIMES OF
JAMES II. AND WILLIAM III.,
edited, with notes, by
R.W. BLENCOWE, ESQ. A.M.
IN TWO VOLUMES.
VOL. II.
LONDON:
HENRY COLBURN, PUBLISHER.
GREAT MARLBOROUGH STREET.
1843.
page
LONDON: F. SHOBERL, JUN, 51, RUPERT STREET, HAYMARKET,
PRINTER TO H. R. H. PRINCE ALBERT.
page
CONTENTS
OF
THE SECOND VOLUME.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Coward, James

​COWARD, JAMES (1824–1880), organist, born in London 25 Jan. 1824, was admitted at an early age into the Westminster Abbey choir. Both in the abbey and in concerts solos were frequently entrusted to him, ​and on more than one occasion he had the honour of singing with Madame Malibran. His first appointment as organist was to the parish church of Lambeth, and on the opening of the Crystal Palace at Sydenham he was given the post of organist there. This situation he filled with credit to himself and advantage to the institution until his death, which took place at his house in Lupus Street, Pimlico, 22 Jan. 1880. For some time before his death he had been conductor of the Abbey and City glee clubs. In October 1864 he succeeded Turle as conductor of the Western Madrigal Society, an office which he retained until March 1872. Besides these various appointments he held the post of organist to St. George's Church, Bloomsbury (1866–9), the Sacred Harmonic Society, and the grand lodge of freemasons. His last church appointment was to St. Magnus the Martyr, London Bridge, which he held till his death. His compositions are not numerous, but they show considerable refinement and musical knowledge, as well as an earnestness of aim for which he was scarcely given credit by those who were accustomed to hear his operatic selections or transcriptions for the organ. Considering the musical taste of the time, it is not to be wondered at that these performances formed part of his ordinary duties at the Crystal Palace, but it is to be regretted that so great a power of improvisation as he possessed should so often have been turned to account to provide musical accompaniment for acrobatic displays. The most important of his published works are: ‘O Lord, correct me,’ anthem; ‘Sing unto God,’ a canon (4 in 2); ‘Ten Glees and a Madrigal’ (published 1857), ‘Take thy Banner,’ ‘Airy Fairy Lilian’ (five-part song), ‘I strike the Lyre,’ part-songs; ‘The Skylark,’ prize glee; marches, &c., for the organ, and several pianoforte pieces.
[Musical Standard, 14 Feb. 1880; Mr. T. L. Southgate's Letter to Norwood News, February 1880; information from C. T. Budd, esq.]
J. A. F. M.