OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carmichael, James (1578?-1672)

​CARMICHAEL, Sir JAMES, Lord Carmichael (1578?–1672), was the third son of Walter Carmichael of Hyndford, by Grizel, daughter of Sir John Carmichael of ​Meadowflat. He was originally designated of Hyndford, but on purchasing the lands of Westeraw took his title from them, until, on succeeding his cousin, Sir John Carmichael of Carmichael [q. v.] he adopted the designation of the older branch of the family. Having in early life been introduced to the Earl of Dunbar at the court of James VI, he was appointed a cupbearer, afterwards carver, and then chamberlain of the principality. He was created a baronet of Nova Scotia on 17 Ju1y 1627, and the following year he subscribed the submission to Charles I. He was appointed sheriff-principal of Lanarkshire on 5 Sept. 1632, and in 1684 lord justice clerk, which office he resigned in 1634, on being made treasurer-depute. He was admitted an ordinary lord of session on 8 March 1639. His presence as treasurer-depute at the prorogation of parliament, by warrant of the king's commissioners, led to the presentation of a remonstrance against the same as illegal. On 13 Nov. he was named one of the commissioners for executing the office of lord high treasurer, and was at the same time appointed treasurer-depute, privy councillor, and lord of session, to be held ad vitam aut culpam. For his services to Charles I during the civil war, especially in lending him various sums of money, he received a patent of Lord Carmichael; but the patent was not made public until 3 Jan. 1651, when it was ratified by Charles II. For his adherence to the engagement, he made a humble submission on 28 Dec. before the presbytery of Lanark, but was nevertheless deprived of his offices by the Acts of Classes on 16 March 1649. That of treasurer-depute was, however, bestowed on his second son, Sir Daniel Carmichael. By Cromwell’s act, in 1651, a fine was imposed on him of 2,000l. In Douglas‘s ‘Peerage’ it is stated erroneously that after the secession of Charles II he was sworn a privy councillor, and reappointed lord justice clerk, that office having been bestowed on Sir John Campbell of Lundy [q. v.] Carmichael died on 29 Nov. 1672 on his ninety-fourth year. By his wife Agnes, sixth daughter of John Wilkie of Foulden, he had three sons and four daughters. His eldest son, Sir William, after serving as one of the gens d'armes of Louis XIII, joined the committee of estates in Scotland, and commanded the Clydesdale regiment against the Marquis of Montrose at the battle of Philiphaugh in 1648. He died before his father in 1657, leaving a son, John [q. v.], who became second Lord Carmichael and first Earl of Hyndford. The first Lord Carmichael had two other sons and four daughters.
[Acts of Parliament of Scotland, vol. v. passim; Haig and Brunton's Senators of the College of Justice, 298-9; Douglas's Scottish Peerage, ii. 754-5; Irving's Upper Ward of Lanarkshire, ii. 17-21.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carmichael, Frederick

​CARMICHAEL, FREDERICK (1708–1751), Scotch divine, son of Professor Gershom Carmichael of Glasgow University, was born in 1708. He took his M.A. degree on 4 May 1725, and taught the humanity classes during the illness of Professor Ross, 1726–8. On the death of his father in 1729 he was an unsuccessful candidate for the chair of moral philosophy. He was licensed by the Glasgow presbytery of the church of Scotland on 27 Sept. 1733, ordained at Monimail in March 1737, translated to Inveresk in December 1747, and died 17 Oct. 1751. He was the author of a ‘Sermon on Christian Zeal,' 1753, and ‘Sermons on several Important Subjects,’ 1753, said to be of ‘great merit.’
[Hew Scott's Fasti Eccl. Scot. i. 80. ii. 503; Watt's Bibl. Brit.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carmichael, James Wilson

​CARMICHAEL, JAMES WILSON (1800–1868), marine painter, was born at Newcastle-upon-Tyne in 1800. At about the age of ten or eleven he went to sea. He returned, and was apprenticed to a shipbuilder, who employed him in drawing an designing, a early works are in water colours, but about 1825 he began also to paint in oils. Between 1838 and 1862 he was a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy at the British Institute, and at the Suffolk Street Gallery. He made his first public appearance in the farmer year with a picture of ‘Shipping in the Bay of Naples,’ contributed to the exhibition of the Society of British Artists. In 1841 he sent to the Academy a drawing of the ‘Conqueror towing the Africa off the Shoals of Trafalgar,’ and in 1843 two drawings, ‘The Royal Yacht with the Queen on board off Edinburgh,’ and the ‘Arrival of the Royal Squadron.’ In the Water-Colour Collection at South Kensington there is one example of this painter, ‘The Houses of Parliament in course of Erection.’ About 1845, according to Redgrave, he left Newcastle for London. Probably about 1862 (at which date he ceased to exhibit in London) he went to Scarborough, and there died on May 1868. In the north of England his work was highly thought of. There is a large painting by him in the Trinity House, Newcastle, ‘The Heroic Exploit of Admiral Collingwood at the Battle of Trafalgar.’ He appears as an author, having published ‘The Art of Marine Painting in Water Colours,’ 1859, and ‘The Art of Marine Painting in Oil Colours,’ 1864.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists; Cat. Engl. Coll. South Kensington Museum.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carlyon, Clement

​CARLYON, CLEMENT (1777–1864), physician, was born at Truro 14 April 1777, and educated at the grammar school, where Davy and Henry Martyn were among his schoolfellows. Having taken his degree at Pembroke College, Cambridge, he was appointed a travelling bachelor on the Worts foundation, and, proceeding to Germany, formed the acquaintance with Coleridge for which, apart from his merely local celebrity, he is now principally remembered. After completing his medical studies at Edinburgh and London, he settled in his native town, where he spent a long life of active beneficence. He was five times mayor of Truro, and was chiefly instrumental in the erection of the handsome memorial to Richard Lander, which is so great an ornament to the town. His autobiography, published under the title of 'Early Years and Late Reflections,' in 4 vols., between 1836 and 1858, is in parts exceedingly tedious, but is valuable for the numerous interesting particulars of Coleridge, Davy, and other men of eminence known to the writer. His 'Observations on the Endemic Typhus Fever of Cornwall' (1827) are esteemed, and effected much good in a sanitary point of view. He edited Cornaro and Bernard Gilpin, and wrote several tracts on religious subjects. He died on 5 March 1864.
[Carlyon's Early Years and Late Reflections; Gent. Mag. June 1864, pp. 797–8: Boase and Courtney's Bibliotheca Cornubiensis.]
R. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carmichael, James (fl.1587)

Dates 1542/3 to 1628 in the ODNB.
​CARMICHAEL, JAMES (fl. 1587), grammarian, was a Scotchman who published a Latin grammar at Cambridge in September 1587. He dedicated it to James VI—‘Scotorum regi christianissimo gratiam et pacem à Domino.’ Carmichael's work, ‘Grammatice Latino de Etymologia,’ &c., was from the press of the university printer, Thomas Thomas, M.A., a lexicographer himself, and its full title is given by Ames; it consists of 52 pp., and has some commandatory poems prefixed. There is a copy of it in the Bodleian.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantab. ii. 22; Ames’s Topogr. Antiq. (Herbert), 1414, l4l8.]
J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Carlyle, Joseph Dacre

​CARLYLE, JOSEPH DACRE (1759–1804), Arabic scholar, born in 1759 at Carlisle, where his father practised as a physician, was educated at the Carlisle grammar school, and was then entered at Christ's College, Cambridge, whence he presently removed to Queens', proceeded B.A. in 1779, and was elected a fellow of Queens', took his M.A. degree in 1783, and B.D. in 1793. During his residence at Cambridge he profited by the instructions of a native of Bagdad, whose europeanised name was David Zamio, and became so proficient in oriental languages that he was appointed professor of Arabic on the resignation of Dr. Craven in 1795. In the meantime he had obtained some church preferment at Carlisle, and had succeeded Paley in 1793 as chancellor of that city. In 1792 he published in 4to the ‘Rerum Ægyptiacarum Annales,’ translated from the Arabic of Yûsuf ibn Taghrî Birdî, a meagre work of slight historical value; and in 1796, also 4to, ‘Specimens of Arabian Poetry’ (with some account of the authors selected), translations in which a certain elegance of diction is more striking than the fidelity to the spirit and colour of the originals. In 1799 he was appointed chaplain to Lord Elgin's mission to Constantinople, with the special duties of learned referee; and he made a tour through Asia Minor, Palestine, Greece, and Italy, collecting Greek and Syriac manuscripts for a proposed new version of the New Testament, which unfortunately he did not live to accomplish. Returning to England in September 1801, he was presented to the living of Newcastle-on-Tyne; but his health had been seriously impaired by the fatigues of travel, and he also suffered from a special and painful malady, to which he succumbed on 12 April 1804. His ‘Poems suggested chiefly by Scenes in Asia Minor, Syria, and Greece,’ together with some translations from the Arabic, were published after his death, 1805, 4to, with extracts from his journal and a preface by his sister. He had also almost completed an account of his tour through the Troad, which was never published, and had advanced so far in his Arabic Bible, revised from Walton's text, that it was issued at ​Newcastle, edited by H. Ford, professor of Arabic at Oxford, in 1811.
[Gent. Mag. 1804, p. 390; Miss Carlyle's Preface to the Specimens of Arabic Poetry.]
S. L-P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heron, Robert (1765-1854)

​HERON, Sir ROBERT (1765–1854), politician, born at Newark on 27 Nov. 1765, was only son of Thomas Heron of Chilham Castle, Kent, recorder of Newark (who died 28 April 1794), by his first wife, Anne, elder daughter of Sir Edward Wilmot, bart., M.D. He succeeded to the baronetcy on the death of his uncle, Sir Richard Heron [q. v.], in 1805. In childhood he was very feeble, his mother died on 30 April 1767, and he was brought up by strangers. He was educated from the age of eight by the Rev. John Skynner, who lived near Stamford, and proceeded afterwards to St. John's College, Cambridge, but did not stay long enough to take a degree. For two summers he travelled on the continent with an eccentric tutor, Robert Pedley, who was afterwards known as Robert Deverell [q. v.] On the death of another uncle, the Rev. Robert Heron of Grantham, on 19 Jan. 1813, he succeeded to considerable property, which was augmented by the widow's death shortly afterwards. In politics he was a whig. He abandoned an intention to contest the county of Lincoln in 1812 in order to canvass the ​borough of Grimsby, and was duly returned for that constituency. At the next general election in 1818 he stood for Lincolnshire, but being in a hopeless minority, withdrew on the third day of the poll. Through Lord Fitzwilliam's interest he was returned in December 1819 for Peterborough, and was re-elected until 1832 without opposition. After that date he was frequently opposed, but continued to sit for Peterborough until his retirement in 1847. Heron was a constant speaker in the House of Commons, and among his proposals was a motion ‘respecting the vacating of seats in parliament on the acceptance of office,’ on which the Marquis of Northampton published a pamphlet of ‘Observations’ in 1835. He died suddenly at Stubton Hall in Lincolnshire on 29 May 1854. He married, at Cottesmore, Rutlandshire, on 9 Jan. 1792, Amelia, second daughter of Sir Horatio Mann of Boughton Malherbe, Kent. She predeceased him on 12 Dec. 1847. A monument to their memory was erected in Stubton churchyard by Mr. George Neville, the successor to the property. Heron built about 1800 the nave and tower of Stubton Church. He had no children, and at his death the baronetcy became extinct.
A volume of his ‘notes’ was printed anonymously for private circulation at Grantham in 1850, and reprinted for sale in 1851. They dealt mainly with politics and social economy, but included observations on natural history, drawn from the curious animals collected together in what was locally known as his ‘menagerie.’ In one passage he spoke of Croker as ‘one of the most determined jobbers,’ and in another referred to a ‘most malicious article’ of that critic in the ‘Quarterly Review.’ Croker revenged himself by a savage onslaught on the volume in the ‘Quarterly’ (1852, xc. 206–25).
[Gent. Mag. January 1792 p. 88, July 1854 pp. 74–5; Hasted's Kent, ii. 432, iii. 134; Geneal. Table of Heron Family, pt. ii.; Sir R. Heron's notes.]
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Herring, Francis

​HERRING, FRANCIS, M.D. (d. 1628), physician, a native of Nottinghamshire, was educated at Christ's College, Cambridge (B.A. 1585, M.A. 1589). On 3 July 1599, being then a doctor of medicine of Cambridge of two years' standing, he was admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians. He was censor in 1609, 1618, 1620, 1623, 1624, 1626, and 1627. He was named an elect on 5 June 1623, and died in the beginning of 1628. He translated from the Latin of J. Oberndoerffer, ‘The Anatomyes of the True Physition and Counterfeit Mounte-banke: wherein both of them are graphically described, and set out in their Right and Orient Colours,’ 4to, London, 1602. He took occasion to add, by way of appendix, ‘A short Discourse, or Discouery of certaine Stratagems, whereby our London-Empericks haue bene obserued strongly to oppugne, and oft times to expugne their Poore Patients Purses.’ Herring's other writings are: 1. ‘In fœlicissimum … Jacobi primi, Angliæ … Regis, … ad Anglicanæ Reip. gubernacula Ingressum, Poema Gratulatorium,’ 4to, London, 1603. 2. ‘A modest Defence of the Caveat given to the wearers of impoisoned Amulets, as Preservatives from the Plague. … Likewise that unlearned … opinion, that the Plague is not infectious, … is … refuted by way of preface,’ 4to, London, 1604. 3. ‘Pietas Pontificia, seu, Conjurationis illius prodigiosæ, … in Jacobum … Regē … Novembris quinto, … 1605 … brevis adumbratio poetica,’ 4to [London], 1606. An English verse translation by A. P. was published with the title of ‘Popish Pietie’ in 1610. 4. ‘Pietas Pontificia … ab authore recognita … Accessit Venatio Catholica sive secunda Historiæ pars, &c. (In Jesuitas Epigramma, &c.) [With other pieces in verse],’ 8vo, London, 1609. Under the title of ‘Mischeefes Mysterie’ both parts of Herring's poem on the Gunpowder plot, with ‘A Psalme of Thankesgiving,’ ‘An Epigram against Jesuites,’ &c., were translated into English and ‘very much dilated’ by John Vicars, 4to, London, 1617, of which another edition, entitled ‘The Quintessence of Cruelty,’ appeared in 1641. 5. ‘Certaine Rules, Directions or Advertisements for this time of Pestilentiall Contagion: with a Caveat to those that weare about their Neckes impoisoned Amulets as a Preservative from the Plague … reprinted … Whereunto is added certaine directions for the poorer sort of people,’ 4to, London, 1625. Another edition, entitled ‘Preservatives against the Plague,’ was published in 1665.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, i. 116; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Herne, Thomas

​HERNE, THOMAS (d. 1722), controversialist, a native of Suffolk, was admitted as a pensioner at Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, on 29 Oct. 1711. In the following year he was elected to a scholarship on that foundation, graduated B.A. in 1715, and was incorporated at Oxford 21 Feb. 1715–16. Not long afterwards the Duchess of Bedford made him tutor to her sons Wriothesley and John, successively third and fourth dukes of Bedford. In 1716 Herne was elected to a vacant fellowship at Merton College, Oxford, and on 11 Oct. 1718 proceeded master of arts. He died a layman and unmarried, at Woburn Abbey, Bedfordshire, in 1722.
Herne took part in the Bangorian controversy, and published under the pseudonym ‘Phileleutherus Cantabrigiensis:’ ‘The False Notion of a Christian Priesthood,’ &c., in answer to William Law, 1717–18; ‘Three Discourses on Private Judgment against the Authority of the Magistrate over Conscience, and Considerations concerning uniting Protestants, translated from Professor Werenfels, with a preface to Dr. Tenison,’ London, 1718; ‘An Essay on Imposing and Subscribing Articles of Religion,’ 1719; and ‘A Letter to Dr. Mangey, on his Sermon upon Christ's Divinity,’ 1719. He also wrote: ‘A Letter to the Prolocutor, in Answer to one from him to Dr. Tenison,’ 1718; ‘A Letter to the Rev. Dr. Tenison concerning Citations out of Archbishop Wake's Preliminary Discourse to the Apostolic Fathers,’ London, 1718; ‘A Vindication of the Archbishop of Canterbury from being the author of “A Letter on the State of Religion in England,” printed at Zurich,’ London, 1719; and ‘A second Letter to Dr. Mangey,’ by ‘A Seeker after Truth,’ on his sermon on Christ's eternal existence, 1719, under the pseudonym of ‘Philanagnostes Criticus.’ Herne issued in 1719 an account of all the considerable pamphlets issued in the Bangorian controversy to the end of 1718; a continuation of this account to the end of 1719, London, 1720; and a reissue of the whole, London, 1720.
W. C. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heron, Haly

​HERON, HALY (fl. 1565–1585), author, matriculated as a sizar at Queens' College, Cambridge, November 1565. He proceeded B.A. 1569–70. For the benefit of a pupil, John Kaye the younger, he wrote ‘A new Discourse of Morall Philosophie entituled the Kayes of Counsaile, not so pleasant as profitable for younge Courtiours,’ London, 1579. The book is a series of chapters of advice to young men. In December 1585 Thomas Randolph, at the instigation of his wife, who was related to Heron, gave him very unwillingly a note of introduction to Walsingham.
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. i. 452; Cal. State Papers Dom. 1581–90, p. 291.]
A. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Herries, Charles John

​HERRIES, Sir CHARLES JOHN (1815–1883), financier, eldest son of J. C. Herries [q. v.], born in 1815, studied at Eton and Trinity College, Cambridge, where he proceeded B.A. 1837, M.A. 1840. In 1842 Sir Robert Peel made him a commissioner of excise. In 1856 he was chosen by Sir George Cornewall Lewis to occupy the deputy chair of the board of inland revenue, and in 1877 Lord Beaconsfield raised him to the chairmanship. In 1871 he was made C.B., and in 1880 (on Mr. Gladstone's recommendation) K.C.B. He left the public service in November 1881, ‘and his eminent financial and administrative abilities were acknowledged in a treasury minute, 2 Dec. 1881, and subsequently presented to parliament.’ He died unmarried 14 March 1883, at his country house, St. Julian's, Sevenoaks. Herries wrote an introduction to the ‘Memoir of the Right Hon. J. C. Herries, by Edward Herries, C.B.’ 2 vols. 1880).
[Times, 16 March 1870, p. 8, col. 6; Burke's Knightage for 1883.]
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heron, Richard

​HERON, Sir RICHARD (1726–1805), secretary to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland, youngest son of Robert Heron, esq., of Newark, Nottinghamshire, and Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Brecknock, esq., of Thorney Abbey, Cambridgeshire, was born in 1726. He was educated for the legal profession, and by the influence of the Duke of Newcastle was in 1751 appointed a commissioner of bankruptcy, and subsequently a sworn clerk in the remembrance office, and lord treasurer's remembrancer in the court of exchequer. In December 1776 he was appointed principal secretary to the lord-lieutenant of Ireland, John Hobart, second earl of Buckinghamshire [q. v.] He arrived in Dublin on 24 Jan. in the following year, and was immediately sworn of the privy council there. He was described by a writer in the ‘Hibernian Magazine’ as ‘rather above the middle size, well made, and of a good constitution.’ Notwithstanding the difficulties of his position owing to the attitude of the English government on the question of the commercial concessions, he was much esteemed by the Irish for his affability, integrity, and devotion to his duties. On 25 July 1778 he was created a baronet, and about the same time rewarded with the position of searcher, packer, and gauger at Cork, worth about 700l. a year. A severe illness in the spring of 1779 incapacitated him; in 1780 he was succeeded by William Eden (afterwards Lord Auckland), and a small pension was granted to Lady Heron. He married Jane Hall, widow of S. Thompson, esq., but died without issue on 18 Jan. 1805. In 1798 he compiled and published a useful genealogical table of the Herons of Newark.
[Gent. Mag. 1805; Freeman's Journal, 1777; Hibernian Mag. 1779; Life and Times of Henry Grattan, ii. 175, 183; Addit. MSS. 19244 f. 171, 177, 21033 ff. 37–42, 28051 f. 398, 32724 f. 474, 32920 f. 410, 458, 32921 f. 232, 32944 f. 124, 32967 f. 413; Hist. MSS. Comm. 9th Rep., Stopford Sackville MSS.]
R. D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Milward, Richard

​MILWARD, RICHARD (1609–1680), editor of Selden's ‘Table Talk,’ a son of Richard Milward, was born at Flitton in Bedfordshire, and baptised there on 25 April 1609 (parish reg.) He matriculated as a sizar from Trinity College, Cambridge, on 7 July 1625, was elected scholar of his college on 13 April 1627, proceeded B.A. in 1628, M.A. in 1632, and D.D. by royal mandate in 1662. He became rector of Great Braxted in Essex on 12 Dec. 1643, and held the living for the rest of his life. He was appointed canon of Windsor 31 May, and installed 30 June 1666, and was vicar of Isleworth, Middlesex, from 3 July 1678 till his death on 20 Dec. 1680; he was buried at Great Braxted on 24 Dec., and a black marble slab erected to his memory is now on the north side of the church. At the time of his death he was possessed of lands at Flitton and Higham Gobion in Bedfordshire, which he left to his widow, Mary, daughter of Sir Anthony Thomas of Cobham, Surrey, and after her death to his only daughter and heiress, Mary, wife of Sir Anthony Abdy of Kelvedon, Essex.
Milward long acted as amanuensis to John Selden [q. v.], and ‘had the opportunity to hear his discourse twenty years together.’ The notes that he made from time to time of ‘those excellent things that usually fell from him’ were afterwards sorted and arranged by him for publication, though the first edition of the ‘Table Talk’ did not appear till 1689, nine years after Milward's death. Discredit has been thrown upon the authenticity of the compilation, on the ground that it contains many things unworthy of Selden, and at variance with his principles and practice. David Wilkins [q. v.], Selden's editor and biographer, strongly held this view (cf. Acta Eruditorum, Leipzig, Suppl. i. 1692, p. 426). There are three manuscript copies of the work in the British Museum (Harl. MSS. 690, 1315 and Sloane MS. 2513), but none of them original. The second edition of the ‘Table Talk’ (1696), printed for Jacob Tonson, and Awnsham, and John Churchill, was probably based on the Harleian MS. 1315. It was reprinted in 1716. In the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh, is also a manuscript copy, which differs in some details from the first edition.
B. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Minifie, Susannah

​MINIFIE, SUSANNAH (1740?–1800), novelist. [See Gunning.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Minnan, Saint

​MINNAN, Saint. [See Monan.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Minns, Christopher

​MINNS or MINGH, CHRISTOPHER (1625–1666), admiral. [See Myngs.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Minnes, John

​MINNES, Sir JOHN (1599–1671), admiral. [See Mennes.]