OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Short History of the World

A Short
History of The World
BY
H. G. WELLS
ILLUSTRATED
CASSELL AND COMPANY, LTD
London, New York, Toronto and Melbourne
1922
PREFACE
This Short History of The World is meant to be read straightforwardly almost as a novel is read. It gives in the most general way an account of our present knowledge of history, shorn of elaborations and complications. It has been amply illustrated, and everything has been done to make it vivid and clear. From it the reader should be able to get that general view of history which is so necessary a framework for the study of a particular period or the history of a particular country. It may be found useful as a preparatory excursion before the reading of the author's much fuller and more explicit Outline of History is undertaken. But its especial end is to meet the needs of the busy general reader, too driven to study the maps and time charts of that Outline in detail, who wishes to refresh and repair his faded or fragmentary conceptions of the great adventure of mankind. It is not an abstract or condensation of that former work. Within its aim the Outline admits of no further condensation. This is a much more generalized History, planned and written afresh.
H. G. Wells.
CONTENTS
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1946, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 77 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Short View of the Frauds and Abuses Committed by Apothecaries

A
SHORT VIEW
OF THE
FRAUDS, and ABUSES
Committed by
APOTHECARIES;
As well in Relation to
PATIENTS, as PHYSICIANS:
AND
Of the only Remedy thereof by PHYSICIANS making their own
MEDICINES.
BY CHRISTOPHER MERRITT Dr. in Physic, Fellow of the College of Physicians, and of the Royal Society.
———Fingunt se Medicos omnes, Idiota, Sacerdos, Nutrix, & Tensor, Pharmacopæus, Anus.
The Second Edition more correct.
LONDON, Printed for James Allestry, Printer to the Royal Society, at the Rose and Crown in St. Paul's Church-Yard, 1670.
Essay Postscript
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Whyte, Robert Charles

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​WHYTE. (Lieutenant, 1840.)
Robert Charles Whyte entered the Navy 4 Aug. 1826; passed his examination in 1833; and was advanced to his present rank 1 Aug. 1840. His appointments have since been – 31 Oct. 1840, to the Pelican 16, Capts. Chas. Geo. Elers Napier and Philip Justice, fitting for the East Indies – 20 June, 1845 (a few months after his return to England), as First-Lieutenant, a post he had latterly filled on board the Pelican, to the Crocodile 26, flag-ship of Sir Hugh Pigot at Cork – 11 June, 1846, for a brief period, and in a similar capacity, to the Spartan 22, Capt. Thos. Matthew Chas. Symonds, equipping at Devonport – and, 10 June, 1847, to the Vengeance 84, Capts. Stephen Lushington and the Earl of Hardwicke, in which ship he is now serving in the Mediterranean as First-Lieutenant. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/White, William (b)

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​WHITE. (Lieut., 1815. f-p., 10; h-p., 33.)
William White died in 1847.
This officer entered the Navy, 26 April, 1804, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Devastation bomb, Capt. Alex. Milner, under whom he was for nearly five years, the greater part of the time as Midshipman, employed in the same vessel and in the Swallow sloop in the Downs and Channel. He served afterwards as Midshipman and Master’s Mate in the Plantagenet 74, Capts. Wm. Bradley, Thos. Eyles, and Robt. Lloyd, on the Baltic station, from March, 1809, until May, 1813; and as Acting-Master in the Pictou schooner, Lieut.-Commander Edw. Stephens, on the coast of North America, from the latter date until Feb. 1814. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant 24 Feb. 1815. He remained thenceforward on half-pay. Agents – Goode and Lawrence.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Whitehead, Abraham

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​WHITEHEAD. (Lieutenant, 1815. f-p., 15; h-p., 28.)
Abraham Whitehead entered the Navy, 1 Feb. 1804, as A.B., on board the Triton 32, guard-ship at Waterford, Capt. Wm. Cashman. In the following April he was rated Midshipman; and in May, 1805, he removed to La Flèche 18, Capt. Thos. White; under whom we find him, 18 July in the same year, present in a gallant, attack upon the French flotilla near Blanc-nez, in which La Flèche, assisted in driving on shore six of the enemy’s vessels, and, besides having her running-rigging much injured, sustained a loss of 5 men severely wounded. From Aug. 1805 until Nov. 1812, Mr. Whitehead served in the Dictator 64, Capts. Jas. Macnamara, Donald Campbell, Wm. Harrison Pearson, Robt. Williams, and Jas. Pattison Stewart, chiefly on the Baltic station. In 1807 he united in the operations against Copenhagen; and on 6 July, 1812, he contributed, in company with the Calypso 18, to the gallant capture and destruction, within the rocks off Mardoe, on the coast of Norway, of an entire Danish squadron, consisting of the Nayaden of 48 guns, the Laland, Samsoe, and Kiel sloops, and several gunboats, at the close of a long conflict, productive of a loss to the Dictator of 5 killed and 24 wounded, and to the Danes of 300 killed and wounded. On leaving the Dictator he became Master’s Mate of the Heron sloop, Capt. Wm. M‘Culloch, in the Channel; in the year following he sailed for the West Indies in the Gloucester 74, Capt. Robt. Williams; and in June, 1814, having volunteered for the Canadian Lakes, he joined the ​Prince Regent 56, Capt. Henry Thos. Davies, on Lake Ontario; where he removed, 15 July, 1815, to the St. Lawrence 98, Capt. Chas. Fred. Payne. He went back, 23 Oct. ensuing, to the Prince Regent, then commanded by Capt. Wm. Fitzwilliam Owen; he was nominated, 12 Nov. in the same year, Acting- Master of the Montreal, Capt. Allan Otty; he returned, as Acting-Lieutenant, 21 Feb. 1816, to the Prince Regent, Capts. W. F. Owen and Wm. Augustus Baumgardt; and on 25 Aug. and 9 Nov. following, he assumed command in succession, with the rank last mentioned, of the Sank and another vessel, stationed on Lakes Erie and Huron. In the summer of 1817, having been promoted at home by a commission bearing date 20 March, 1815, he returned to England in the Prévoyante store-ship, Master-Commander Thos. Stokes. He was afterwards, in 1824-5, employed in the Coast Blockade, as a Supernumerary Lieutenant of the Ramillies 74, Capts. Wm. M‘Cullooh and Hugh Pigot. He has since been on half-pay. He was often during the war engaged in cutting-out enemy’s vessels. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Whitehead, William

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​WHITEHEAD. (Lieutenant, 1815.)
William Whitehead entered the Navy, 19 Nov. 1808, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Achille 74, commanded by the late Sir Rich. King and by Hon. Geo. Heneage Lawrence Dundas; with the latter of whom he served, from April, 1811, until May, 1814, in the Euryalus 36 and Edinburgh 74. In the Euryalus he cruized in the Channel and assisted at the defence of Cadiz; and in the Edinburgh he was actively employed, as Midshipman, on the coasts of Sicily, Naples, Tuscany, and Genoa. He was present, 5 Oct. 1813, in an attack made by the latter ship, the Impérieuse 38, and Swallow, Éclair, and Pylades sloops, upon the batteries of Port d’Anzo, where a convoy of 29 vessels fell into the hands of the British. In the following Dec. he took part in the unsuccessful operations against Leghorn; and in April, 1814, he contributed to the reduction of Genoa and its dependencies. He returned to England in the summer of 1814 in the San Josef 110, flag-ship of Sir Rich. King; and he was afterwards, from Aug. in the same year until presented in Aug. 1815 with a commission bearing date 4 March preceding, employed on the Irish, North American, and West India stations, in the Centaur 74, Capts. John Chambers White and Thos. Gordon Caulfeild, Vengeur 74, Capt. Tristram Robt. Ricketts (part of the force attached to the expedition against New Orleans), Tonnant 80, and Bulwark 74, flag-ships of Admirals Hon. Sir Alex. Cochrane and Edw. Griffith, and, as Acting-Lieutenant, in the Araxes 38, Capt. Geo. Miller Bligh. His last appointments were – in June, 1819, and Sept. 1823, to the Bulwark 74, flag-ship of Sir John Gore at Chatham, and, as First-Lieutenant, to the Weazle 10, Capt. Timothy Curtis, in the Mediterranean.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Wickham, John Clements

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​WICKHAM. (Commander, 1837.)
John Clements Wickham entered the Navy 21 Feb. 1812; passed his examination in 1819; and was made Lieutenant, 6 Oct. 1827, into the Adventure surveying-vessel, Capt. Philip Parker King, on the South American station; whence he returned to England and was paid off in Nov. 1830. His next appointment was, 25 June, 1831, to the Beagle, another surveying-vessel, Capt. Robt. Fitzroy, with whom he returned to South America as First-Lieutenant. He came home again at the close of 1836 and was put out of commission; and on 10 Jan. 1837 he was advanced to his present rank. Being re-appointed to the Beagle 16 Feb. following, he was in her until he invalided in March, 1841, employed in surveying the coast of Australia and Bass’ Strait. He has since been on half-pay. Commander Wickham is now a Police Magistrate in New South Wales. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Short and Easie Catechism, Wherein the More Difficult Terms in the Assemblie's Shorter Catechism are Opened and Explained/Chapter 2

The TEN COMMANDMENTS, Exod. 20.
GOD spake all these Words, saying, I am the LORD thy GOD, which have brought thee out of the Land of Egypt, out of the House of Bondage.
I. Thou shalt have no other Gods before Me.
II. Thou shalt not make unto thee any Graven Image, or any Likeness of any Thing that is in the Heaven above, or that is in the Earth beneath, or that is in the Water under the Earth, thou shalt not bow down thy self to them, nor Serve them: For I the LORD thy GOD, am a Jealous GOD, Visiting the Iniquities of the Fathers upon the Children, unto the Third and Fourth Generation of them that Hate Me, and shewing Mercy unto Thousands of them that Love Me, and keep My Commandments.
III. Thou shalt not take the Name of the LORD thy GOD in Vain: For the Lord will not hold him Guiltless that taketh His Name in Vain.
IV. Remember the Sabbath Day to keep it Holy: Six Days shalt thou Labour and do all thy Work; But the Seventh Day, is the Sabbath of the LORD thy GOD, in it, thou shalt not do any Work, thou, nor thy Son, nor thy Daughter, thy Man-servant, nor thy Maid-servant, nor thy Cattle, nor thy Stranger that is within thy Gates: For in Six Days the LORD made Heaven and Earth, the Sea, and all that in them is, and rested the the Seventh Day, wherefore the Lord Blessed the Sabbath Day, and Hallowed it.
V. Honour thy Father and thy Mother, that thy Days may be long upon the Land which the LORD thy GOD giveth thee.
VI. Thou shalt not kill.
VII. Thou shalt not Commit Adultery.
VIII. Thou shalt not Steal.
IX. Thou shalt not bear False Witness against thy Neighbour.
​X. Thou shalt not Covet thy Neighbours House, thou shalt not covet thy Neighbours Wife, nor his Man-servant, nor his Maid-servant, nor his Ox, nor his Ass, nor any Thing that is thy Neighbours.
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# A Shropshire Lad

First published in England in 1896, this transcription is of an unauthorised American edition of 1906. [Based on A. E. Housman, a Bibliography (1982), by John Carter, pp.5-10.]
A Shropshire Lad
By A. E. Housman
John Lane Company The Bodley Head, New York MCMVI
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published in 1906, before the cutoff of January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1936, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 87 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Short and Easie Catechism, Wherein the More Difficult Terms in the Assemblie's Shorter Catechism are Opened and Explained/Chapter 1

TO THE
READER.
IGnorance is so far from being the Mother ⟨of⟩ True Devotion: That it may be justly called the Mother of Destruction, Hosea, 4. 6. Many People are Destroyed for lack of Knowledge. And that people of riper Years, have so little Knowledge of Religious Principles, is owing in a great part, to their own, or their Parents Neglect when they were Young.
Solomon tells us, Prov. 22. 6. 'Train up a Child in the way he should go: and when he is Old, he will not Depart from it'. Intimating, That Early Instruction hath a Native Tendency to render us more perfect, both as to Knowledge and Practice. This little Catechism, (which is now Reprinted) hath the advantage of being not only Plain, but Short, and Easie for Childrens Memories. Oh that Parents and Masters were more diligent in giving Young ones an easy Task through the Week, and exacting an account of them each Sabbath Day! How pleasantly would they Spring up in Knowledge as the Grass, and the Willows by the Water Courses.
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# A Short and Easie Catechism, Wherein the More Difficult Terms in the Assemblie's Shorter Catechism are Opened and Explained/Chapter 4

The CREED.
I Believe in GOD the Father Almighty, Maker of Heaven and Earth: And in Jesus Christ His only Son our Lord, which was conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was Crucified, Dead and Buried. The Third Day He arose from the Dead; He ascended into Heaven, and sitteth on the Right Hand of God the Father Almighty, from thence He shall come to Judge the Quick and the Dead: I Believe in the Holy Ghost, That there is a Holy Universal Church, The Communion of Saints, the Forgiveness of Sins, The Resurrection of the Body, and the Life Everlasting. Amen.
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# A Short and Easie Catechism, Wherein the More Difficult Terms in the Assemblie's Shorter Catechism are Opened and Explained/Chapter 3

The Lord's Prayer, Matth. 6.
OUR Father which art in Heaven, Hallowed be Thy Name, Thy Kingdom come, Thy Will be done on Earth, as it is in Heaven; Give us this Day our daily bread, and forgive us our Debs, as we forgive our Debtors, and lead us not into Temptation, but deliver us from Evil; For thine is the Kingdom, and the Power, and the Glory, for ever, AMEN.
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# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Lambert, Charles

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​LAMBERT. (Lieut., 1813. f-p., 11; h-p., 32.)
Charles Lambert was born 28 June, 1790. This officer entered the Navy, 1 July, 1804, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Nemesis 28, Capt. Philip Somerville, stationed in the Channel. In the course of 1805 he successively joined the Dreadnought 98, and Royal Sovereign 100, bearing each the flag of Lord Collingwood, under whom, after serving at the blockade of Cadiz, he fought in the latter ship at the battle of Trafalgar. From Nov. in the same ​year, 1805, until the spring of 1810, we find Mr. Lambert employed on the Channel and Cape of Good Hope stations, principally as Midshipman, in the Bellerophon 74, and Leopard 50, flag-ships of the late Sir Albemarle Bertie. He then became attached to the Nereide 36, Capt. Nesbit Josiah Willoughby, under whom, we are informed, he took part in the boats in a gallant attack made on the enemy’s batteries and troops at Jacotel, in the Mauritius. He also assisted, in July, 1810, at the capture of Ile de Bourbon; and on 17 Aug. he landed, we believe, at the storming of a fort on Pointe du Diable, in the Isle of France. He witnessed, next, the capture of Ile de la Passe; was on board the Nereide when she compelled the enemy’s sloop Victor to surrender, and exchanged broadsides with the 40-gun frigate Minerve; and was slightly wounded during a series of unhappy although heroic operations, which, by 28 Aug., terminated in the self-destruction, in Port Sud-Est, of the British frigates Magicienne and Sirius, and the capture, by a French squadron, of the Nereide and Iphigenia – the former after being reduced to a mere wreck, and incurring a loss of nearly her whole crew. Being restored to liberty on the fall of the Isle of France in the following Dec, Mr. Lambert returned to England in La Manche frigate, Lieut.Commander Edw. Grimes. In Nov. 1812, having been for the last 15 months employed in the Favorite and Stork sloops, Capts. Robt. Forbes and Robt. Lisle Coulson, on the Plymouth and Cork stations, be was nominated Acting-Lieutenant of the Peacock, of 18 guns and 122 men, Capt. Wm. Peake; which sloop (of whose crew 5, including the Commander, were killed, and 33 wounded) was sunk, at the close of a desperate action of 25 minutes, by the American ship Hornet, of 20 guns and 165 men, 1 only of whom was killed and 2 wounded. On his release from captivity in May, 1814, Mr. Lambert found that he had been promoted to a Lieutenancy in the Euryalus 36, Capt. Chas. Napier, by commission dated 6 Dec. 1813. In the following Aug., being still in that ship, he accompanied Capt. Jas. Alex. Gordon’s brilliant expedition up the Potomac, and was in consequence present at the capture of Fort Washington, the capitulation of Alexandria, and the destruction of the American batteries on the banks of the river. During these operations he was again slightly wounded. He invalided from the Euryalus in the month ensuing, and was lastly, from July to Sept. 1815, employed on the Leith station in the Pincher 12, Capt. T. Smith.
He married 24 March, 1816, and has issue six children. Agents – Holmes and Folkard.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Lambert, Edward Henry Gage

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​LAMBERT. (Lieutenant, 1846.)
Edward Henry Gage Lambert passed his examination 7 Sept. 1844; and at the period of his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant, which took place 9 Nov. 1846, was serving on the south-east coast of America as Mate of the Raleigh 50, Commodore Sir Thos. Herbert. He is now on half-pay.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Lambert, George Robert

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​LAMBERT. (Capt., 1825. f-p., 15; h-p., 2.3.)
George Robert Lambert, a son of Robt. Lambert, Esq., many years a Captain R.N., is brother of the late Vice-Admiral Robt. Lambert, and the late Capt. Henry Lambert, R.N., and of two gentlemen holding high rank in the Army.
This officer entered the Navy, in April, 1809, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Eagle 74, Capt. Chas. Rowley. Continuing in that ship for a period of five years, he attended in consequence the expedition to the Walcheren, co-operated in the defence of Cadiz in 1810, assisted at the capture, 22 Nov. 1811, of La Corceyre frigate, carrying 28 guns, together with 170 seamen and 130 soldiers, and beheld the fall, in 1813, of Fiume, Trieste, and other places in the Adriatic. After a further servitude of eleven months in the Glasgow 50, Capt. Hon. Henry Duncan, on the Channel station, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant 5 May, 1815, and appointed to the Ister 36, Capt. Thos. Forrest. Quitting the latter frigate in Jan. 1817, he next, from 1 Jan. 1820, until within a few days of his promotion to the rank of Commander, 19 Jan. 1822, officiated as Flag-Lieutenant, in the Vigo 74, to his brother, Rear-Admiral Robt. Lambert, on the St. Helena station. On 23 Feb. 1824 Capt. Lambert was awarded command of the Camelion sloop, in which we find him employed on particular service until advanced to Post-rank, 8 Aug. 1825. His appointments have since been – 23 Sept. 1831, to the Alligator 28, fitting for the East Indies, whence he returned home and was paid off 27 Aug. 1835 – 8 Dec. 1845, to the Endymion 44, on the North America and West India station – and 23 Jan. 1847, to be Commodore at Jamaica, where he is now serving with his broad pendant in the Imaum 72. Agents – Messrs. Chard.
* ↑ Vice-Admiral Lambert attained the rank of Lieutenant in 1791, and served in that capacity on board the Barfleur 98 in Lord Howe’s action 1 June, 1794. In 1795-6 he acted as Flag-Captain to Rear-Admiral Rainier, in the Suffolk 74, at the reduction of Ceylon, Amboyna, Banda, &c,; and in 1801, being at the time in the Saturn 74, he accompanied the expedition under Sir Hyde Parker to the Baltic. He became a Rear-Admiral 12 Aug. 1819; commanded in chief on the St. Helena station, for the secure detention of Buonaparte, from 1820 to 1822; was constituted a Vice-Admiral 22 July, 1830; and died about Sept. 1836.
* ↑ A partial sketch of the services of Capt. Henry Lambert may be found in our memoir of Capt. Hen. Ducie Chads.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Lake, Willoughby

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​LAKE. (Commander, 1827. f-p., 14; h-p., 23.)
Willoughby Lake is son of the late Admiral Sir Willonghby Thos. Lake, K.C.B.
This officer entered the Royal Naval College 18 Aug. 1810; and embarked, 5 April, 1813, as Midshipman, on board the Magnificent 74, commanded by his father, whom he accompanied to the West Indies. He afterwards, between Aug. 1815 and Feb. 1821, served, latterly as Acting-Lieutenant, in the Tagus 38, Capt. Jas. Whitley Deans Dundas, and Superb 78, Commodore Sir Thos. Masterman Hardy, on the Mediterranean and South American stations. He was officially promoted 18 May, 1821, and was lastly employed, from 14 April, 1824 until within a few days of his advancement to the rank of Commander 20 Aug. 1827, as Flag-Lieutenant to his father, in the Superb 74, on the Halifax station. He has since been on half-pay. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Lake, Willoughby J.

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​LAKE. (Lieutenant, 1840.)
Willoughby J. Lake entered the Navy 3 April, 1829; passed his examination in 1835; and for his services on the coast of Syria, and at the bombardment of St. Jean d’Acre, was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant 4 Nov. 1840. His appointments have since been – 10 May and 25 Oct. 1841, to the Bittern 16, Capt. Hon. B. C. F. P. Cary, and Alfred 50, Commodore John Brett Purvis, on the African and Brazilian stations, from the latter of which he returned home in the early part of 1845 – and 21 Jan. 1847, to a station in the Coast Guard, the command whereof he still retains. Agents – Messrs. Stilwell.