OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Demetrius Phalereus

See also Demetrius of Phalerum on Wikipedia; Demetrius of Phalerum on Wikipedia, Demetrius Phalereus in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
DEMETRIUS, an orator and Peripatetic philosopher, surnamed Phalereus, from the Attic demos of Phalerus, where he was born. He was the son of a poor man named Phanostratus, and was a scholar of Theophrastus. He governed the city of Athens as representative of Cassander for ten years, and 360 statues were erected to his honour. On the restoration of the old democracy by Demetrius Poliorcetes, he was obliged to leave the city, and escaped into Egypt, where he was protected by Ptolemy Lagus. This king, it is said, having asked his advice concerning the succession of his children to the throne, was advised by Demetrius to leave his crown to the children of Eurydice, rather than to Philadelphus, the son of Berenice. This displeased Philadelphus so much, that when his father died he banished Demetrius; and the unfortunate exile put an end to his life by the poison of an asp (282 B.C.) Demetrius composed more works in prose and verse than any other Peripatetic of his time. His writings treated principally of poetry, history, politics, rhetoric, and accounts of embassies; but none are extant. The treatise Περἱ ἑρμηνεἱας, which is often ascribed to him, is probably the work of a later Alexandrian of the same name.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Demise

See also Demise on Wikipedia, Demise in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
DEMISE. See Lease.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Demmin

See also Demmin on Wikipedia; Demmin on Wikipedia, Demmin in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
​DEMMIN, a town of Prussia, at the head of a circle in the government of Stettin, is situated on the Peene, which in the immediate neighbourhood receives the Trebel and the Tollense, 72 miles W.N.W. of Stettin. It has manu factures of woollen cloths, linens, hats, and hosiery, besides breweries, distilleries, and tanneries, and an active trade in corn and timber. Demmin is a town of Slavonian origin and of considerable antiquity, and was a place of importance in the time of Charlemagne. It was besieged by a German army in 1148, and captured by Henry the Lion in 1164. In the Thirty Years War it was the object of frequent conflicts, and even after the Peace of Westphalia was taken and retaken in the contest between the electoral prince and the Swedes. It passed to Prussia in 1720, and its fortifications were destroyed in 1759. In 1807 several engagements took place in the vicinity between the French and Russians. Population in 1875, 9856.
# Ex parte Southwestern Surety Insurance Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
247 U.S. 19
Ex parte Southwestern Surety Insurance Company
Argued: April 22, 1918. --- Decided: May 20, 1918
Messrs. Hayden Johnson and Thomas M. Fields, both of Washington, D. C., for petitioner.
Mr. R. Randolph Hicks, of Norfolk, Va., for respondent.
Memorandum opinion by Mr. Chief Justice WHITE, by direction of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ex parte Southwestern Surety Insurance Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
247 U.S. 19
Ex parte Southwestern Surety Insurance Company
Argued: April 22, 1918. --- Decided: May 20, 1918
The statute (Act Aug. 13, 1894, c. 280, 28 Stat. 278, as amended by Act Feb. 24, 1905, c. 778, 33 Stat. 811 [Comp. St. 1916, § 6923]) makes the District Court of the district in which work contracted to be done for the United States is to be performed the forum for the assertion by supply creditors or materialmen of their claims against the contractor and the surety on the bond. It moreover authorizes one suit by all for the purpose of enforcing the liability of the surety. In the light of these provisions and their settled interpretation all the contentions of the petitioner but one which we shall hereafter separately notice are so completely foreclosed by previous authorities as to require only reference to them. United States v. Congress Construction Co., 222 U.S. 199, 32 Sup. Ct. 44, 56 L. Ed. 163; Illinois Surety Co. v. Peeler, 240 U.S. 214, 36 Sup. Ct. 321, 60 L. Ed. 609; Illinois Surety Co. v. John Davis Co., 244 U.S. 376, 37 Sup. Ct. 614, 61 L. Ed. 1206. Indeed so certain is this the case that as to the principal one of the questions, the power of the court, when raised at this term it was treated as not open to controversy and was hence disposed of by a per curiam opinion. Hopkins v. Ellington & Guy, 246 U.S. 655, 38 Sup. Ct. 423, 62 L. Ed. --, decided April 15, 1918.
The one subject which we postponed considering is the contention that rights of some of the claimants were asserted after the one-year period of limitation which the statute fixes. But this depends upon facts which fixes. But this depends upon facts which are not before us and besides involves a question within the competency of the court to decide concerning which therefore there is no basis for granting the writ of prohibition or sanctioning a resort to any other extraordinary legal remedy. See In re New York, etc., Steamship Co., 155 U.S. 523, 15 Sup. Ct. 183, 39 L. Ed. 246; Ex parte Oklahoma, 220 U.S. 191, 31 Sup. Ct. 426, 55 L. Ed. 431.
It follows therefore that the rule must be an it is discharged.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ex parte Siebold

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
100 U.S. 371
Ex Parte Siebold
[Syllabus from pages 371-373 intentionally omitted]
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. Bradley T. Johnson for the petitioners.
The Attorney-General, contra.
MR. JUSTICE BRADLEY delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ex parte Snow

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
120 U.S. 274
Ex parte Snow
F. S. Richards and Geo. Ticknor Curtis, for appellant.
Asst. Atty. Gen. Maury, for respondent.
BLATCHFORD, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Ex parte Smith

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
94 U.S. 455
Ex parte Smith
PETITION for a mandamus to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Western District of Tennessee.
Mr. S. P. Walker and Mr. Thomas H. Sneed, for the petitioners.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WAITE delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Gerard Edelinck

See also Gérard Edelinck on Wikipedia; Gérard Edelinck on Wikipedia; Gerard Edelinck in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
EDELINCK, Gerard (1649–1707), one of the greatest copper-plate engravers, was born at Antwerp in 1649. The rudiments of the art, which he was to carry to a higher pitch of excellence than it had previously reached, he acquired in his native town under the engraver Cornelisz Galle. But he was not long in reaching the limits of his master's attainments; and then he went to Paris to improve himself under the teaching of De Poilly. This master likewise had soon done all he could to help him onwards, and Edelinck ultimately took the first rank among line engravers. His excellence was generally acknowledged; and having become known to Louis XIV. he was appointed, on the recommendation of Le Brun, teacher at the academy established at the Gobelins for the training of workers in tapestry. He was also entrusted with the execution of several important works. In 1677 he was admitted member of the Paris Academy of Painting and Sculpture. The work of this great engraver constitutes an epoch in the art. His prints number more than four hundred, and it is asserted that amongst them there is no work of poor or middling quality, although many of his subjects were poor and unworthy of the high art which he lavished upon them. Edelinck stands above and apart from his predecessors and contemporaries especially in this that he excelled, not in some one respect, but in all respects,—that while one engraver attained excellence in correct form, and another in rendering light and shade, and others in giving colour to their prints and the texture of surfaces, he, as supreme master of the burin, possessed and displayed all these separate qualities, and that in so complete a harmony that the eye is not attracted by any one of them in particular, but rests in the satisfying whole. Edelinck was the first to break through the custom of making prints square, and to execute them in the lozenge shape. Among his most famous works are a Holy Family, after Raphael; a Penitent Magdalene, after Charles le Brun; Alexander at the Tent of Darius, after Le Brun; a Combat of Four Knights, after Leonardo da Vinci; Christ surrounded with Angels; St Louis praying; and St Charles Borromeo before a crucifix,—the last three after Le Brun. Edelinck was especially good as an engraver of portraits, and executed prints of many of the most eminent persons of his time. Among these are those of Le Brun, Rigaud, Philippe de Champagne (which the engraver thought his best), Santeuil, La Fontaine, Colbert, John Dryden, Descartes, &c. He died at Paris in 1707. His younger brother John, and his son Nicholas, were also engravers, but did not attain to his excellence.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Georgia

See also Georgia (disambiguation) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
In the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Georgia may refer to:
* The country of Georgia in Transcaucasia and Russia.
* The state of Georgia in the United States.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Georgswalde

See also Jiříkov on Wikipedia; Jiříkov on Wikipedia; Georgswalde in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
GEORGSWALDE, a town of Northern Bohemia, on the borders of Saxony, in the circle of Leitmeritz, about 35 miles E. of Dresden, with a station on the North Bohemian railway. Besides Old and New Georgswalde, it comprises Wiesenau and Philippsdorf, the latter a place which since 1868 has attained celebrity through the miracles attributed to its image of the Virgin. Georgswalde was founded in the beginning of the 17th century, and ranks as one of the oldest industrial centres of Bohemia, sharing with the neighbouring town of Rumburg a reputation for excellent linen. The parish church is a fine building. In 1809 the total population was 8220, of whom 5071 were in Old Georgswalde.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Gera

See also Gera on Wikipedia; Gera on Wikipedia; Gera in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
GERA, the chief town of the principality of Reuss-Schleiz, stands in a valley on the banks of the White Elster, 35 miles S.S.W. of Leipsic. It has been all rebuilt since a great fire in 1780, and the streets are in general wide and straight, and contain many handsome houses. The principal buildings are the churches of St Salvator’s and St Trinity, the town-hall, the buildings of the imperial bank and of the Gera bank, the music hall, and the central hall. Its educational establishments include a gymnasium, a general town school (which contains a real school of the first order, a higher female school, and three citizen schools), a commercial school, a normal school, and a weaving school. The castle of Osterstein, the residence of the prince of Reuss, dates from the 9th century, but has been nearly all rebuilt within the last thirty years. Gera has long been noted for its industrial activity. Its manufactures comprise woollen, cotton, and silk goods, tapestry, artificial flowers, oil-cloth, leather, hats, tobacco, soap, beer, vinegar, chocolate, glue, porcelain and other earthenware, bricks, musical instruments, and carriages.
Gera was raised to the rank of a town in the 11th century, at which time it belonged to the counts of Groitch. In the 12th century it came into the possession of the lords of Reuss. It was stormed and sacked by the Bohemians in 1450, was two-thirds burned down by the Swedes in 1639 during the Thirty Years’ War, and suffered afterwards from great conflagrations in 1686 and 1780, being in the latter year almost completely destroyed. The population in 1875 was 20,810, nearly all of whom are Protestants.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/George Villiers, Second Duke of Buckingham

See also George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham on Wikipedia; George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, at Wikipedia; George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
​BUCKINGHAM, George Villiers, Second Duke of (1627–1688), was born at London January 30, 1627, about a year and a half before the murder of his father. He was educated at Cambridge, returned from a Continental tour on the outbreak of the civil war, and at once threw in his lot with the king. The detachment in which he held a command was defeated at Nonsuch, and he with difficulty effected an escape from England. His estates were confiscated by Parliament, and part of them were bestowed upon Fairfax. He returned with Charles II. and took part in the battle of Worcester, after which he again fled. About 1657 he returned secretly to England and married one of Fairfax's daughters. Arrested by order of Cromwell, he was thrown into the Tower and kept in confinement for some time. After the Restoration he recovered his estates, and rose to high favour with Charles II. He was a man of great talent, but utterly without principle, versatile and whimsical to the last degree.
He was a profligate and a statesman, a musician, an alchemist, a writer of farces, and a courtier,—"everything by starts, and nothing long." He was radically fickle, and could not be faithful to any party. In 1671 his power was at its height. He had done much to bring about the dismissal of Clarendon, had formed the famous council called the Cabal, and was in fact prime minister of England. But the measures he and his associates passed were little calculated to allay the strong popular feeling against the Government. The Cabal was quickly dissolved, and Buckingham, with his usual versatility, at once became an ardent friend of the democratic leaders. Soon afterwards he seems to have been disgusted with politics, and gradually withdrew from court. After the death of Charles he retired to his seat at Helmsley in Yorkshire, and devoted himself to hunting and other country amusements. He died on the 17th April 1688, in the house of one of his tenants, having been seized with a fever produced by sitting on the damp ground after being heated with riding. He was buried in Westminster Abbey. Buckingham was the author of some farces, comedies, and miscellaneous poems, but he is chiefly remembered in English literature by the Rehearsal, a clever parody upon Dryden and other stilted tragedians. His works were collected in 1704.
# Executive Order 12505

more info.
Signed by President Ronald Reagan Tuesday, February 12, 1985
Federal Register page & date: 50 FR 6151, Thursday, February 14, 1985
By the authority vested in me as President by the laws of the United States of America, including Section 3301 and 3302 of Title 5, and Section 521 of Title 31 of the United States Code, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. No later than April 1, 1985, any employee of the Office of Management and Budget serving under an appointment under Schedule A in a position not limited to one year or less, concerned with implementation of the President's paperwork reduction and regulatory review and planning programs, may have his or her appointment converted to a career or career-conditional appointment if the Director of the Office of Management and Budget determines that:
(a) The employee has completed at least one year of full-time continuous service in a position concerned with the paperwork reduction and regulatory program;
(b) There is a continuing need for the position filled by the employee;
(c) The employee's past performance has been satisfactory and the employee possesses the qualifications necessary to continue in the position; and
(d) The employee meets the citizenship requirements and qualification standards appropriate for the position.
Sec. 2. If the Director determines not to convert an employee's appointment to career or career-conditional status under the preceding Section, the employee shall be separated not later than the date of expiration of the current appointment.
Sec. 3. Employees whose appointments are converted under this Order shall become career-conditional employees, or career employees if they have completed the service requirements for career tenure, and all converted employees shall acquire a competitive status.
RONALD REAGAN The White House, February 12, 1985.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:12 a.m., February 13, 1985]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Executive Order 12504

more info.
Signed by President Ronald Reagan Thursday, January 31, 1985
Federal Register page & date: 50 FR 4849, Monday, February 4, 1985
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including the Semiconductor Chip Protection Act of 1984 (17 U.S.C. 901 et seq.) and in order to provide for the orderly implementation of that Act, it is hereby ordered that, subject to the authority of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order No. 11030, as amended, requests for issuance by the President of a proclamation extending the protection of Chapter 9 of title 17 of the United States Code against unauthorized duplication of semiconductor chip products to foreign nationals, domiciliaries, and sovereign authorities shall be presented to the President through the Secretary of Commerce in accordance with such regulations as the Secretary may, after consultation with the Secretary of State, prescribe and cause to be published in the Federal Register.
RONALD REAGAN The White House, January 31, 1985.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 11:03 a.m., February 1, 1985]
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 12509

more info.
Signed by President Ronald Reagan Sunday, April 14, 1985
Federal Register page & date: 50 FR 15093, Wednesday, April 17, 1985
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and statutes of the United States of America, including Section 1633 of the Department of Defense Authorization Act, 1985 (Public Law 98-525), and in order to establish an advisory committee to review the inertial confinement fusion program, it is hereby ordered as follows:
Section 1. There is established the Technical Review Group on Inertial Confinement Fusion. The Technical Review Group shall be composed of two members, the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, who shall also serve as Chairman , and the Director of the Office of Energy Research of the Department of Energy.
Sec. 2. (a) The Task Force shall review thoroughly the accomplishments, management, goals, and anticipated contributions of the defense inertial confinement fusion program and shall advise the President and the Congress concerning its findings of fact and recommendations regarding priorities for future work in the inertial confinement fusion program. In conducting its review and recommendations, the Technical Review Group shall contract with an appropriate independent, nationally recognized organization of scientists to study the inertial confinement fusion program and to submit its evaluation to the Technical Review Group for consideration in preparation of its reports.
(b) The Technical Review Group shall submit an interim report to the President and the Committees on Armed Services of the Senate and the House of Representatives before June 1, 1985, and shall submit its final report before May 1, 1986.
Sec. 3. (a) The heads of Executive departments and agencies shall, to the extent permitted by law, provide the Technical Review Group with such information as may be necessary for the effective performance of its functions.
(b) Members of the Technical Review Group shall serve without compensation for their work on the Group.
(c) The Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy shall, subject to the availability of funds, provide the Technical Review Group with such administrative services, facilities, staff, and other support services as may be necessary.
Sec. 4. The Technical Review Group shall terminate upon the submission of its final report.
RONALD REAGAN The White House, April 14, 1985.
[Filed with the Office of the Federal Register, 2:35 p.m., April 15, 1985] Note: The Executive order was released by the Office of the Press Secretary on April 15.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse