OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Hauselt v. Harrison

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
105 U.S. 401
Hauselt v. Harrison
ERROR to the Circuit Court of the United States for the Western District of Pennsylvania.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. Lewis Sanders for the plaintiff in error.
Mr. M. F. Elliott and Mr. H. C. Parsons for the defendant in error.
MR. JUSTICE MATTHEWS delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Haupt v. United States (254 U.S. 272)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
254 U.S. 272
Haupt v. United States
Argued: Nov. 10, 1920. --- Decided: Dec 6, 1920
Mr. Benjamin Carter, of Washington, D. C., for appellant.
The Attorney General and Mr. Daniel L. Morris, of Washington, D. C., for the United States.
Mr. Justice CLARKE delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hawaiki The Original Home of the Maori

Second edition
HAWAIKI:
THE ORIGINAL HOME OF THE MAORI;
WITH A SKETCH OF POLYNESIAN HISTORY.
By S. PERCY SMITH, F.R.G.S.,
Hon. Cor. Member Societá Italiana d'Anthropologia, a Governor of the New Zealand Institute, Hon. Secretary of the Polynesian Society, &c., &c., &c.
Second Edition. Enlarged and Mostly Re-written.
Christchurch, Wellington and Dunedin, N.Z.: Melbourne and London:
WHITCOMBE AND TOMBS LIMITED.
1904.
He ahunga mai, he aponga mai, i Hawaiki; Ka tupu, ka rito, ka toto, ka take, ka whakaikura.
Dedicated
to the memory of
ABRAHAM FORNANDER,
District Judge of Hawaii, the first Polynesian scholar to apply the Polynesian traditions to the solution of the origin of the Race.
PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION.
This work was first published in the "Journal of the Polynesian Society," Vols. VII. and VIII., and subsequently issued in book form. It has now been largely re-written, and the whole rearranged in such a manner as to form a sketch of the History of the Polynesian race—particularly the Maori-Rarotongan branch—down to the separation of the New Zealand Maoris from the original stock, when they migrated from Eastern Polynesia to New Zealand. The work is treated from the point of view of the Traditions, and mainly from those of Rarotonga, a written copy of which was secured by the author in Rarotonga in 1897. These traditions were dictated by Te Ariki tara-are, the last of the high priests of Rarotonga, and therefore are from the highest authority possible. A few of the Traditions themselves have been published—both in the native language and in English—in the above-named journal, but the bulk of them remain as yet untranslated.
S. PERCY SMITH.
CONTENTS.
| CHAPTER | CHAPTER | PAGE |
| I. | The Polynesian Race and its Traditions | 9 |
| II. | Genealogical Connections and Chronology | 21 |
| III. | Names of the Traditional Fatherland— |
| | Hawaiki | 38 |
| | Tawhiti | 50 |
| | Wawau | 53 |
| | Mataora | 55 |
| | Raro or Roro | 55 |
| | Atia-te-varinga-nui | 57 |
| IV. | The Polynesians Originated in India | 64 |
| V. | The Gangetic Race | 66 |
| | Dates in Indian History | 74 |
| VI. | The "Log Books" of the Migrations | 77 |
| VII. | Sketch of the History of the Race | 89 |
| | Atia-te-varinga-nui, or Hawaiki-nui | 90 |
| | Avaiki-te-varinga, or Avaiki | 95 |
| | The White Race | 95 |
| | Sojourn in Indonesia | 98 |
| | The Papuan Race of Indonesia | 102 |
| | Maui, the Ancient Hero | 105 |
| | Arrival in Fiji | 111 |
| | The Polynesians as Navigators | 123 |
| | Occurrences in Fiji, Samoa, Haapai, &c. | 140 |
| | Sojourn in Eastern Polynesia | 165 |
| | The Settlement of Rarotonga | 172 |
| | Tahitian Origin of the Maoris | 193 |
| | Rarotongan Account of the Migrations to N.Z. | 204 |
| | Table of Dates in Polynesian History | 222 |
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Hawaiian Trust Company v. Von Holt

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
216 U.S. 367
Hawaiian Trust Company v. Von Holt
Argued: January 26, 1910. --- Decided: February 21, 1910
Messrs. Aldis B. Browne, Alexander Britton, Evans Browne, Sidney M. Ballow, Mason F. Prosser, Robbins B. Anderson, F. E. Thompson, and C. F. Clemons for appellant.
Messrs. E. M. Watson, W. L. Stanley, Henry Holmes, and C. H. Olson for appellees.
Original docket titles: No. 106, Abigail K. Campbell Parker, Appellant v. Abigail K. Campbell Parker, and others, trustees, etc.; No. 107, Same v. Same. On October 11, 1909, suggestion of death of appellant, and substitution of Hawaiian Trust Company as appellant. January 24, 1910, suggestion of death of appellee, and substitution of Hannah Martin Von Holt, as trustee, appellee.
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nugent, Robert Nugent, Earl

See also Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​NUGENT, ROBERT NUGENT, Earl (1702–1788), Irish politician and poet, son of Michael Nugent, was born at Carlanstown, Co. Westmeath. He was tersely described by Richard Glover as “a jovial and voluptuous Irishman who had left popery for the Protestant religion, money and widows.” His change of religion took place at a very early period in life; he married in 1736 Anna (d. 1756), daughter of James Craggs, the secretary of state, a lady who had already been twice given in marriage. His wife’s property comprised the borough of St Mawes in Cornwall, and Nugent sat for that constituency from 1741 to 1754, after which date he represented Bristol until 1774, when he returned to St Mawes. He was a lord of the treasury from 1754 to 1759 and president of the board of trade from 1766 to 1768. He married in 1757 Elizabeth, dowager-countess of Berkeley, who brought him a large fortune. His support of the ministry was so useful that he was created in 1767 Viscount Clare, and in 1776 Earl Nugent, both Irish peerages. He died on the 13th of October 1788. Lord Nugent was the author of some poetical productions, several of which are preserved in the second volume of Dodsley’s Collections (1748). The earldom descended by special remainder to the earl’s son-in-law, George Nugent Temple Grenville, marquess of Buckingham, and so to his successors, the dukes of Buckingham and Chandos.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Numantia

See also Numantia on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​NUMANTIA, an ancient hill fortress in northern Spain, in the province of Soria (Old Castile), overhanging the village of Garray, near the town of Soria, on the upper Douro. Here, on a small isolated high plateau in the middle of the valley, was the stronghold which played the principal part in a famous struggle between the conquering Romans and the native Spaniards during the years 154–133 B.C. Numantia was especially concerned in the latter part of this war from 144 onwards. It was several times unsuccessfully besieged. Once the Roman general Hostilius Mancinus with his whole army was compelled to surrender (137). Finally, Scipio Aemilianus, Rome’s first and only general in that age, with some 60,000 men drew round the town 6 m. of continuous entrenchments with seven camps at intervals. After 15 months (134–133) he reduced by hunger the 6000-8000 Numantine soldiers, much as Caesar afterwards reduced Alesia in Gaul. The result was regarded as a glorious victory, and in Roman literature the fall of Numantia was placed beside the fall of Carthage (149 B.C.). In truth, the maintenance in effective condition of so large a Roman force in so remote and difficult a region was in itself a real achievement and such as at that time no one but Scipio could have performed. He redeemed by organized strategy the vacillations and follies of statesmen who had sat at home and sent out inadequate expeditions or incompetent commanders. The site was, under the Roman Empire, occupied by a Roman town called Numantia, and the Itinerary tells of a Roman road which ran past it. It is to-day a “Monumento Nacional” of Spain, and has yielded remarkable discoveries to the skilful excavations of Dr Schulten ​(1905–1910), who has traced the Celtiberian town, the lines of Scipio and several other Roman camps dating from the Numantine Wars. (F. J. H.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nuevo León

See also Nuevo León on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​NUEVO LEÓN, a northern state of Mexico, bounded N., E. and S.E. by Tamaulipas, S. and S.W. by San Luis Potosi and W. and N. by Coahuila. Pop. (1900) 327,937; area 23,592 sq. m. Nuevo León lies partly upon the great Mexican plateau and partly upon its eastern slopes, the Sierra Madre Oriental crossing the state N.W. to S.E. A branch of the Sierra Madre extends northward from the vicinity of Salinas, but its elevations are low. The average elevation of the Sierra Madre Within the state is slightly under 5500 ft. The general character of the surface is mountainous, though the western and south-western sides are level and dry as in the adjoining state of Coahuila. In the N. the general elevation is low, the surface sandy and covered with cactus and mesquite growth, and hot, semi-arid conditions prevail. The eastern slopes receive more rain and are well clothed with vegetation, but the lower valleys are subtropical in character and are largely devoted to sugar production. The higher elevations have a dry, temperate, healthful climate. There are many rivers and streams, notably the Salado, Pesqueria and Presas, but none is navigable within the state, though many furnish good water power. Agriculture is the principal industry, the chief products being sugar, barley, Indian corn and wheat. Rum is a by-product of the sugar, industry, and “mescal” is distilled from the agave. The gathering and preparation of “ixtle” fibres from the agave and yucca forms another important industry, the fibre being sent to Tampico for export. Stock-raising receives considerable attention; there are about a score of large cattle ranges, and there is a considerable export of live cattle to Texas and to various Mexican States. Considerable progress has been made in manufacturing industries, and there are a large number of sugar-mills, cotton factories, woollen mills, smelting works and iron and steel works. The state is well served with railways, the capital, Monterrey, being one of the most important railway centres in northern Mexico. The Mexican National line crosses the northern half of the state and has constructed a branch from Monterrey to Matamoros, and a Belgian line (F. C. de Monterrey al Golfo Mexicano) runs from Tampico N.N.W. to Monterrey, and thence westward to Trevino (formerly Venadito) in Coahuila, a station on the Mexican International. The other principal towns are: Linares, or San Felipe de Linares (pop. 20,690 in 1900), 112 m. by rail S.E. of the capital in a rich agricultural region; Lampazos, or Lampazos de Naranjo (7704), 96 m. by rail N.W. of the capital; Cadereyta Jiminez, Garcia, Santiago and Doctor Arroyo, the last in the extreme southern part of the state.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nullah

See also Nullah on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​NULLAH (Hindostani for an arm of the sea, stream or watercourse), a steep narrow valley. Like the wadi of the Arabs, the nullah is characteristic of mountainous or hilly country where there is little rainfall. In the drier parts of India, and in many parts of Australia there are small steep-sided valleys penetrating the hills, clothed with rough brushwood or small trees growing in the stony soil. During occasional heavy rains torrents rush down the nullahs and quickly disappear There is little local action upon the sides, while the bed is lowered, and consequently these valleys are narrow and steep.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Numa Pompilius

See also Numa Pompilius on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​NUMA POMPILIUS, second legendary king of Rome (715–672 B.C.), was a Sabine, a native of Cures, and his wife was the daughter of Titus Tatius, the Sabine colleague of Romulus. He was elected by the Roman people at the close of a year's interregnum, during which the sovereignty had been exercised by the members of the senate in rotation. Nearly all the early religious institutions of Rome were attributed to him. He set up the worship of Terminus (the god of landmarks), appointed the festival of Fides (Faith), built the temple of Janus, reorganized the calendar and fixed days of business and holiday. He instituted the flamens (sacred priests) of Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus; the virgins of Vesta, to keep the sacred fire burning on the hearth of the city; the Salii, to guard the shield that fell from heaven; the pontifices and augurs, to arrange the rites and interpret the will of the gods; he also divided the handicraftsmen into nine gilds. He derived his inspiration from his wife, the nymph Egeria, whom he used to meet by night in her sacred grove. After a long and peaceful reign, during which the gates of Janus were closed, Numa died and was succeeded by the warlike Tullus Hostilius. Livy (xl. 29) tells a curious story of two stone chests, bearing inscriptions in Greek and Latin, which were found at the foot of the Janiculum (181 B.C.), one purporting to contain the body of Numa and the other his books. The first when opened was found to be empty, but the second contained fourteen books relating to philosophy and pontifical law, which were publicly burned as tending to undermine the established religion.
No single legislator can really be considered responsible for all the institutions ascribed to Numa; they are essentially Italian, and older than Rome itself. Even Roman tradition itself wavers; e.g. the fetiales are variously attributed to Tullus Hostilius and Ancus Marcius. The supposed law-books, which were to all appearance new when discovered, were clearly forgeries.
See Livy i. 18-21; Plutarch, Numa; Dion. Halic. ii. 58-76; Cicero, De republica, ii. 13-15. For criticism: Schwegler, Rŏmische Geschichte, bk. xi.; Sir G. Cornewall Lewis, Credibility of early Roman History, ch. xi.; W. Ihne, Hist. of Rome, i.; E. Pais, Storia di Roma, i. (1898), where Numa is identified with Titus Tatius and made out to be a river god, Numicius, closely connected with Aeneas; J. B. Carter, The Religion of Numa (1906); O. Gilbert, Geschichte und Topographie der Stadt Rom im Altertum (1883–1885); and Rome: Ancient History.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nueva San Salvador

See also Nueva San Salvador on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​NUEVA SAN SALVADOR, or Santa Tecla, the capital of the department of La Libertad, Salvador; on the railway between San Salvador (10 m. N.) and the Pacific port of La Libertad. Pop. (1905) about 18,000. The town was founded in 1854, and intended to replace the capital, San Salvador, which was ruined by an earthquake in that year but soon afterwards rebuilt. Nueva San Salvador is an attractive town with a large and growing trade.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Nukha

See also Shaki on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​NUKHA, a town of Russian Caucasia, in the government of Elizavetpol, and previous to 1819 the capital of the khanate of Sheki, lying 57 m. N.E. of the town of Elizavetopol, at the S. foot of the main chain of the Caucasus. Pop. (1861) 22,618; (1897) 24,811; mainly Tatars, with some Armenians. The cupola of the church in the fortress is 2455 ft. above the sea-level, in 41° 12′ 18″ N. and 47° 12′ 7″ E. The fortress, a square enclosure, erected in 1765, contains the palace, built in 1790 in the original Persian style. The leading industry is the breeding of silkworms and the spinning of silk. Nukha was a mere village down to the middle of the 18th century, when it was chosen by Hajji Chelyabi, the founder of the khanate of Sheki, as his residence. The Russian occupation dates from 1807, though the annexation was not completed till 1819.
# Inland Transit/Lee

Mr. Thomas Lee.—p. 24.
1. What is your business?
An architect and surveyor.
2. Where do you reside?
At Chitty Mill near Manchester.
3. Are you employed by several gentlemen of property in that neighbourhood to superintend their estates?
Yes.
​4. Do you know the property of Colonel Lee at Newton?
Yes.
6. Is Mr. Trafford a gentleman by whom you are employed?
Yes.
7. Can you tell the committee whether, in an agricultural point of view. Mr. Trafford's and Colonel Lee's property has been improved or deteriorated by the Railroad passing through?
It has been improved.
8. Have you found that the farmers have been benefited in the line?
Yes, at Newton.
9. Have Colonel Lee and Mr. Trafford let their lands at higher rents in consequence of the Railroad?
Both of them.
10. Have you taken any yourself at an increased rent?
Yes.
11. In what proportion?
About three acres.
12. At what increase?
Double the original rent.
13. Do the farmers send their produce to Liverpool and Manchester?
Milk goes regularly.
14. Is that sold at a price greater than they could obtain in the neighbourhood?
I think they get a farthing a quart more than they used to do.
24. Has the land on Colonel Lee's property in the site of the Railroad been occupied for building?
Not a great deal at present, but it is expected; and there has been a very large hotel in consequence of the Railroad passing. He might have sold it for 15,000l.
27. Can you tell the committee what the poor rates of Newton are?
One rate at 6d, in the pound produced 95l.
​ 28. How many rates are there in the year?
Eight.
29. What proportion of the rates do the Railway pay?
20l. 7s, out of every rate.
30. That is about one fourth?
Yes.
31. Has the Railway produced additional claimants on the poor rate?
I think not.
32. Do you conceive that the establishment of the Railway between Birmingham and London would produce great advantage to the land proprietors in the line?
I consider it would.
60. What is the cost of timber by the Railroad?
I only pay 5s. for timber; we used to pay 8s. 4d.
61. You have been asked whether you limited the improvement on Colonel Lee's property to building villas and so on?
No; manufactories as well. I have built a foundery since, and another is in progress.
62. Do you not conceive that the agricultural part of the community in that district will also be benefited to a great extent by the Railroad?
I do.
# Inland Transit/Gordon

Lieutenant General Sir James Willoughby Gordon. Baronet. K.C.B.—p. 110.
1. Are you the Quarter-master General?
I am.
2. Have you been informed of a proposed line of Railway to be taken from London to Birmingham?
A plan of the Railroad has been laid before me, and I have looked at it.
3. Would it pass near Weedon?
Yes.
4. Is there not a considerable depót for troops, as well as military stores, at Weedon?
There is.
5. Particularly for military stores?
Both for troops and stores.
​6. In your judgment, would a Railroad passing near that depôt afford considerable facilities for the purpose of the transport of military stores?
It certainly would afford very great facilities for the more rapid conveyance of military stores.
7. In your opinion, would that be beneficial to the public service?
Certainly; very beneficial.
8. With respect to troops, would it not, in cases of emergency, afford opportunity for the more rapid conveyance of troops?
In cases of emergency it would be very desirable to send troops by that mode of conveyance, which would be very rapid and safe; in cases not of emergency it is my opinion that troops should not be conveyed by either canal, or carriage, or Railroad, but that they should be made to perform one of the most efficient parts of military duty, to march. In cases of emergency, where bodies of military men require to be assembled suddenly for the public service on any given spot, then I should say that a rapid conveyance very desirable, and by Railroad certainly; I have practised it on the Railroad between Liverpool and Manchester with very great effect, and benefit to the public service.
9. If a Railroad was extended from London to Liverpool, do you imagine that that would be, in cases of emergency, of great importance to the public service?
Wherever the civil services require a body of troops to be assembled on any given spot, every facility that could be afforded to me to place them on that spot rapidly would be very desirable.
10. Such emergencies have frequently occurred?
They have occurred, and will in all countries not be of unfrequent occurrence.
11. On these occasions you have had recourse to the most expeditious communication you had?
Yes.
​ 22. Do you not think that a rapid communication with Birmingham might expose the stores to some danger?
None whatever; no military stores are placed there without a competent force to protect them against any attempt to spoil them; there is always a competent force for that purpose at Weedon, and every other place where military stores are deposited.
23. There is so good a protection at Weedon that it would take a considerable number of persons to effect that?
Considerable.
24. More than could be brought from Birmingham by the Railroad?
No persons could get there except by the Railroad or by marches, and no assembly of persons could get to Weedon except by two pretty long marches.
25. Suppose these persons were to get possession of the Railroad carriages, and bring 300 or 400 persons to Weedon, to make an attack on the stores, do you think they would be successful against the protection there afforded?
No, nor forty times the number.
# Inland Transit/Kay

Mr. William Kay.—p. 143.
1. Where do you reside?
At Tring.
10. Near the line of the proposed Railroad?
I believe about a mile and a half from it.
11. Does the Railroad go through any land of yours?
It does.
13. You do not suppose that any inconvenience would result from the Railroad passing through your land?
Not so far as I am a judge.
14. Do you conceive that your estate would be increased in value by the passage of the Railroad?
I should think it is most likely.
15. Have you any doubt of it?
Not any.
# Inland Transit/Godby

Mr. Augustus Godby.—p. 142.
1. Are you employed in the Post-office?
I am.
2. In what department?
The secretary to the Post-office for Dublin.
8. Suppose that the Railroad now projected was carried into execution, would it not be a great advantage to convey the mails for Portpatrick, Liverpool, and Holyhead by a conveyance that would save six hours by the direct line?
An earlier arrival at Liverpool and Manchester would be a great advantage, and Glasgow also; I do not know that it would be of any great advantage to Portpatrick.
9. But it would be to Glasgow, Liverpool, and Manchester?
​ An earlier arrival of six hours at Manchester or any great commercial town would be of great advantage where the present arrival is after seven in the morning.
12. Are you aware that the communication with Ireland would be facilitated by these means?
If it was continued to Liverpool, certainly.
14. The mail arrives in Manchester now about four in the afternoon?
About four o'clock.
15. Six hours' saving would bring it in at ten in the morning?
Yes; that would be a great convenience.
16. It arrives at Liverpool at six in the evening?
Yes.
17. This would bring it in at noon?
It would.
18. At Glasgow, what time does it now arrive?
Four in the afternoon.
19. And at Edinburgh the same time?
It now arrives there at half-past one.