OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 3/Nature and Science/Fish

Fish Suffering for Lack of Air
I once observed a singular incident on a marsh near Lake Ontario. Some French Canadians had cut a hole through the ice, which was quite a foot thick, and bullheads were swarming to the surface of the water in such quantities that they were being shoveled out on the ice. I believe this was against the law, for as soon as the men had secured all that they could carry they hurried away. But still the fish swarmed to the surface, struggling with one another to get to the air.
On recounting this observation to a man who has made a study of fish, he told me that the fish were suffering for want of pure air to breathe.
Walter K. Stone.
Dr. H. M. Smith, who has studied the habits of fish, writes regarding this observation:
This same freezing over must occur every winter, but it is only in severe winters that the fish are really suffocated. This lack of air under the ice is to some extent compensated for by the hibernation of some fishes, but in shallow water the ice is likely to form on the bottom (“anchor-ice.”), and the fish are then readily killed.
Dr. Smith has also sent ns the following quotation explaining that a fish, though living inthe water, requires the same kind of air that we do.
By means of their gills fish breathe the air dissolved in water. The oxygen consumed by them is not that which forms the chemical constituent of the water, but that contained in the air which is dissolved in the water Fishes transferred to water from which the air has been driven out by a high temperature, or in which the air absorbed by them is not replaced, are soon suffocated. They require aërated water to maintain life, and they take it in constantly through their mouths and expel it through their gills, retaining the air. It follows that if the water in a lake should be completely cut off from contact with the air long enough to exhaust the supply of air, the fish in the lake would die. It would take a severe and pretty long-continued freeze to accomplish this, but it might happen, and doubtless has frequently happened, with a small body of water.
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 3/Elephant's Christmas Stocking

“Perhaps it is foolish to hang up my stocking, but—who knows!—Santa Claus may be along to fill it. If he does give me anything, I hope it will be something useful—a bale of hay, for instance.”
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 3/Letter-Box

The Letter-Box.
Munich, Germany
Dear St. Nicholas: Though it is now nearly nineteen years since I first began to look forward to the first of each month as being the earliest date at which you might arrive, yet I have never once written to tell you how much enjoyment you have often brought me. Five of the nineteen years have been spent in Germany and Italy, and the bit of fresh American life and thought which you carried between your pages was very welcome to an American girl, who, in spite of admiring and greatly enjoying the art and music which one finds in these Old World countries, yet misses the energetic, wide-awake life of her own country, and has been often very homesick
Wishing you a very long life,and great success in the future, believe me, your grateful reader and well-wisher.
Gertrude McCrackan.
Cleveland, Ohio
Dear St. Nicholas: I was about eight years old when I first took you, and am now a League member.
I would like to tell you about the delightful summer I had. Next to our house is a large ficld which was full of weeds and rubbish. Our school is opposite the field and we decided to rent this and clean it out and have a school vegetable-garden. So in about three weeks the field was Converted into sixty gardens with sixty happy owners. Then we planted the seeds, which soon sprouted, and we took care of our gardens in the most interesting way. We had four division superintendents and over these was a head gardener.
I was the head gardener. At the end of the summer, when school started again, our principal awarded two prizes: four dollars, first prize, and two for the second.
I got the first prize and our neighbor’s boy got the second prize.
Now they are all cleaned out and the field is in perfect order, ready to give it back to fits owner.
Your sincere reader, Your sinc‍Dorothy Haake.
West Kirby, Cheshire, England
Dear St. Nicholas: We have had you now for a year, and we want to tell you how we love you. We think you are the best children’s magazine in the world. We have the first year of St. Nicholas that was ever published. Our uncle had you, and then you came to mother for years when she was Christine Halsey. Our aunt, Dycie Warden, had you when she was a little girl, and used to send a great many puzzles to your Riddle-Box. Our cousins, the Gabains, sent me two volumes, and they have you. So a great many people in our family have loved you for years. We lived in South America eight years before we came to England. Here we have been nearly four years. Buenos Aires was mach sunnier than here. John, our three-year-old baby, is the only Englishman. Mother and grannie are American. We hope to go to America some day soon and see all our relations.
We all wish you a very happy New Year
Your loving readers, Your lovin‍Eleanor Warden (age 11). Your lovin‍Bertha Warden (age 9). Your lovin‍Edwin Warden (age 7).
# St. Nicholas/Volume 32/Number 3/Money-jug

Illustrated by the author
The Money-jug.
(A Rhyme of the Doll-House.)
By Katharine Pyle.
| The earthen money-jug sat on the shelf,  Fat with pennies, and round and red; “You shall marry the little china doll  When you are full,” the old rag-mother said. “Only a few more pennies,” said he,  “Will fill me as full as I can be.” The poor little china doll below  Sat in the doll-house, very sad, For she did not want to marry the jug,  In spite of the pennies and dimes he had; And she would not look at the nursery shelf,  Where he sat in his pride and puffed himself. “Two more days and it 's Christmas Day;  I shall be quite full by then, I know,” Said the money-jug; but sadder still  Was the little doll in the house below. | ‍ ​ |
| The rag-mother nodded her wicked old head. “Then to-morrow the wedding shall be,” she said. And now there ’s a noise in the hall outside,  And two little children come in the door; With eager steps they hurry by  Where the doll-house stands on the nursery floor. They take the money-jug down from the shelf;  “Now I ll be full,” said he to himself. Said the little boy to the little girl,  “We will get our Christmas money out.” Crack,smash! they broke the money-jug,  And all the pennies rolled about. The rag-mother nodded her wicked old head;  “And that is the end of him,” she said. | |
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Jerrold, Douglas William

Edition of 1879. See also Douglas William Jerrold on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​JERROLD. I. Douglas William, an English author, born in London, Jan. 3, 1803, died there, June 8, 1857. His father was manager of a theatre in Sheerness, but Jerrold himself manifested a dislike for the stage, and obtained in 1813 a commission as midshipman. The hard life in service did not suit him; and when paid off, Oct. 21, 1815, he did not attempt to re-enter the navy. His father had been ruined as manager, and the family went to London, where in 1818 the boy was apprenticed to a printer, and devoted his leisure to study and reading. His first literary effort was a comedy, "More Frightened than Hurt," written at the age of 15; it was sent to a London theatre, where it remained unread for two years, but met with great success when brought out at Sadler's Wells in 1821. He was afterward employed as a writer for the newspaper on which he had worked as a printer, and in 1825 married and was engaged at a salary to write for the Coburg theatre. In 1829, having quarrelled with the manager of this establishment on account of a play, "Black-Eyed Susan," written several years before, Jerrold left his situation, and went with the MS. to Elliston at the Surrey theatre. It had a run of over 300 nights, and brought in many thousands for the manager, though the author only received about £70. In 1830 the success of a new play, "The Devil's Ducat," at the Adelphi theatre, introduced him to Drury Lane, where he produced "The Bride of Ludgate" and "The Rent Day;" the latter, founded on two pictures by Wilkie, was also strikingly successful. From 1831 to 1836 he wrote "Nell Gwynne," "The Housekeeper," "The Wedding Gown," and "Beau Nash," all of which were successful. In 1836 ho undertook the management of the Strand theatre, but failed in the speculation. He had already produced many striking pieces in different magazines. He was in Paris when "Punch" was started in 1841, and on returning he became one of its most popular contributors. His "Q." papers, "Story of a Feather," and the "Caudle Lectures" made his name widely known. In 1843 he started the "Illuminated Magazine;" this was discontinued after two years, and followed by his "Shilling Magazine," which was also a failure. More successful was his connection with "Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper." He was very witty in conversation. "Douglas Jerrold's Wit and Humor," and "The Life and Remains of Douglas Jerrold," by his son, were published in 1858. A partial collection of his works, with the life, has been issued (5 vols., Philadelphia, 1869).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Jerrold, William Blanchard

Edition of 1879. See also William Blanchard Jerrold on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​II. William Blanchard Jerrold, son of the preceding, born in London in 1826. He was educated partly at Brompton grammar school and partly in France; studied art, contributed to various periodicals, and wrote several tales, farces, and other works, among which are "Swedish Sketches" (1852) and "Imperial Paris" (1856). In 1857 he became editor of "Lloyd's Weekly Newspaper," succeeding his father, whose life he wrote in 1858. In 1863 he went to Paris, as commissioner of the "Morning Post," to study the institutions for the relief of the poor, and the results of his investigations were embodied in "The Children of Lutetia" (1864). He made trips in various parts of France and Spain, and published "At Home in Paris," "A Trip through the Vineyards of Spain" (1864), "Passing the Time" (1865), "On the Boulevards" (1867), and several other works. In 1869 he made a journey in the Netherlands to examine the poor-law administration. In 1871 he pubished "The Story of Madge and the Fairy Content," "At Home in Paris: at Peace and at War," and "The Cockaynes." His comedy, "Cupid in Waiting," was produced at the Royalty theatre in July, 1871, and his "London," illustrated by Doré, was published in 1872.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Jet

Edition of 1879. See also Jet (lignite) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
JET, a variety of lignite, resembling cannel coal, but harder, of deeper black, and of more brilliant lustre. It is found in detached pieces in tertiary clays along the coast of Yorkshire, England, and in various places on the continent of Europe. From its susceptibility of taking a fine polish and its intense blackness, it has been largely used for mourning articles of ornament, as buttons, crosses, and ear rings.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Jersey (county)

Edition of 1879. See also Jersey County, Illinois on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​JERSEY, a W. county of Illinois, bounded W. by Illinois river, and separated from Missouri on the S. by the Mississippi; area, 352 sq. m.; pop. in 1870, 15,054. The surface is diversified with prairies and woodlands, and the soil is generally fertile. The main line and the Jacksonville division of the Chicago and Alton railroad, and the Rockford, Rock Island, and St. Louis railroad, traverse it. The chief productions in 1870 were 558,367 bushels of wheat, 519,120 of Indian corn, 71,770 of oats, 39,330 of potatoes, 13,226 Ibs. of wool, 180,078 of butter, and 11,650 tons of hay. There were 4,531 horses, 2,978 milch cows, 7,977 other cattle, 4,552 sheep, and 16,056 swine; 2 manufactories of boots and shoes, 3 of carriages, 2 of boats, 7 of cooperage, and 8 flour mills. Capital, Jerseyville.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Jeter, Jeremiah B.

Edition of 1879. See also the disclaimer.
JETER, Jeremiah B., an American clergyman, born in Bedford co., Va., July 18, 1802. He entered the Baptist ministry in his native county in 1822, and removed m 1827 to the "Northern Neck" of Virginia, where he was pastor of the Maratico church in Lancaster co., and of the Nicomico church in Northumberland co. In 1836 he became pastor of the first Baptist church in Richmond, and in 1849 accepted an invitation from the second church in St. Louis. In 1852 he returned to Richmond to fill the pulpit of the Grace street Baptist church. He is the author of a "Memoir of the Rev. Abner W. Clopton," the "Life of Mrs. Henrietta Shuck," a "Memoir of the Rev. Andrew Broaddus," the " Christian Mirror," "Campbellism Examined" (1845), and "The Seal of Heaven" (1871). He also, in conjunction with the Rev. Richard Fuller, compiled "The Psalmist," a hymn book in general use among the Baptists.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Jerome of Prague

Edition of 1879. See also Jerome of Prague on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​JEROME OF PRAGUE, a Bohemian religious reformer, born in Prague about 1375, burned at Constance, May 30, 1416. After graduating at Prague he visited the universities of Cologne, Heidelberg, Paris, and Oxford. Returning to Paris, he preached boldly in favor of reforms in the church, defending his views in a disputation held with Gerson, chancellor of the university. He was employed by Ladislas II. of Poland to organize the university of Cracow. About 1402 he began to disseminate secretly the doctrines of Wycliffe in Bohemia, and in 1408 openly identified his views with those of Huss. He was imprisoned for a time at Vienna, and only released through the earnest entreaty of his Bohemian friends. When Huss was imprisoned at Constance in 1414, Jerome ​went thither in accordance with a promise to defend him; but because of the rumor that Huss would only be tried to be executed, he fled to Ueberlingen, whence he intimated his willingness to appear before the council under a safe-conduct. An equivocal answer being given, he prepared to return to Prague, but was arrested by order of the count palatine of Neuburg-Sulzbach, and delivered over to the council, May 23, 1415. He was several times brought to trial, but his learning and power of debate enabled him to answer all arguments urged against him. On his third examination, Sept. 23, he made a qualified recantation of his views as to the sacrament. After being imprisoned for several months, he was again brought before the council, May 26, 1416, and solemnly retracted his late admission of error. This hastened his condemnation, and he was burned at the stake, meeting his fate with courage. His life has been written by Heller (Tübingen, 1835), and by Becker (Nördlingen, 1858).
# Thalaba the Destroyer/Volume 2

Thalaba the Destroyer.
by
Robert Southey.
Ποιηματων ακρατης η ελευθερια, και νομος εις,
το δοξαν τω ϖοιητη.
Lucian, Quomodo Hist. Scribenda.
THE SECOND EDITION.
VOLUME THE SECOND.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, HURST, REES, AND ORME, PATERNOSTER-ROW.
1809.
CONTENTS
OF
VOLUME THE SECOND.
Layout 2
# Thaler v. Perlmutter, Declaration of Assistant General Counsel Gray

This is in support of the Notice of Filing Administrative Record, Dkt. 13; see Thaler v. Perlmutter.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
| STEPHEN THALER, an individual, Plaintiff, v. SHIRA PERLMUTTER, in her official capacity as Register of Copyright and Director of the United States Copyright Office; and THE UNITED STATES COPYRIGHT OFFICE, Defendants. | Civil Action No. 22-1564 (BAH) Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell |
DECLARATION OF MARK T. GRAY
I, Mark T. Gray, make the following declaration.
1. I am employed by the United States Copyright Office as Assistant General Counsel. In this capacity, I supervised the compilation of and reviewed the Administrative Record relating to Service Request 1-7100387071 for a work titled “A Recent Entrance to Paradise.”
2. To the best of my knowledge, the attached documents numbered consecutively from US_0000001 through US_0000037 constitute the true and correct Administrative Record appropriate to the allegations in the Complaint filed in the above-captioned matter.
3. The attached Index describes the contents of the Administrative Record. ​Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1746, I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing is true and correct.
Executed on this 3rd day of November, 2022.
Mark T. Gray Assistant General Counsel U.S. Copyright Office
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Thaler v. Perlmutter, Initial Refusal Letter

See Thaler v. Perlmutter.
August 12, 2019
Ryan Abbott Frank Whittle Building 02 AB 05 Guildford, GU27XH United Kingdom
Correspondence ID: 1-3NPRZ2Y
RE: A Recent Entrance to Paradise
Dear Ryan Abbott:
We cannot register this work because it lacks the human authorship necessary to support a copyright claim. According to your application this work was “created autonomously by machine.”
Copyright protects original works of human authorship that are fixed in some physical form. See 17 U.S.C. 102(a). As used in the copyright context, the term “original” means that the work was independently created by the author (as opposed to copied from other works), and that it possesses at least a minimal degree of creativity. See Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service Co., 499 U.S. 340 (1991).
The U.S. Copyright Office will register an original work of authorship, provided that the work was created by a human being. The copyright law only protects “the fruits of intellectual labor” that “are founded in the creative powers of the mind.” Trade-Mark Cases, 100 U.S. 82, 94 (1879). Because copyright law is limited to “original intellectual conceptions of the author,” the Office will refuse to register a claim if it determines that a human being did not create the work. Burrow-Giles Lithographic Co. v. Sarony, 111 U.S. 53, 58 (1884).
Neither the aesthetic appeal or commercial value of a work, nor the amount of time and effort expended to create a work are factors that are considered under the copyright law. See Bleistein v. Donaldson, 188 U.S. 239 (1903); Feist Publications v. Rural Telephone Service Co., 499 U.S. 340 (1991). The question is whether there is sufficient creative authorship within the meaning of the copyright statute and settled case law.
After careful consideration, we have determined that this particular work will not support a claim to copyright under the standards described above. Therefore we cannot issue the registration which you requested. The copyright law requires that we retain the deposit of this work. See 17 U.S.C. 704(a). The nonrefundable filing fee has been applied to administrative costs.
​This letter is for your information only; no response is necessary.
Sincerely,
Examiner Angello Visual Arts Division Office of Registration Policy & Practice U.S. Copyright Office
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Thalaba the Destroyer/Volume 1

THALABA THE DESTROYER.
A
RHYTHMICAL ROMANCE.
BY
ROBERT SOUTHEY.
IN TWO VOLUMES.
SECOND EDITION.
Edinburgh:
Printed by James Ballantyne & Co.
Thalaba the Destroyer.
by
Robert Southey.
Ποιηματων ακρατης η ελευθερια, και νομος εις,
το δοξαν τω ϖοιητη.
Lucian, Quomodo Hist. Scribenda.
THE SECOND EDITION.
VOLUME THE FIRST.
LONDON:
PRINTED FOR LONGMAN, HURST, REES, AND ORME, PATERNOSTER-ROW.
1809.
CONTENTS
OF
VOLUME THE FIRST.
Layout 2
# Thalaba the Destroyer/Volume 1/Book 1

The First Book.
THALABA THE DESTROYER.
THE FIRST BOOK.
# Thalaba the Destroyer/Volume 1/Preface

PREFACE.
In the continuation of the Arabian Tales, the Domdaniel is mentioned; a Seminary for evil Magicians, under the Roots of the Sea. From this seed the present Romance has grown. Let me not be supposed to prefer the rhythm in which it is written, abstractedly considered, to the regular blank verse; the noblest measure, in my judgement, of which our admirable language is capable. For the following Poem I have preferred it, because it suits the varied subject; it is the Arabesque ornament of an Arabian tale.
​The dramatic sketches of Dr Sayers, a volume which no lover of poetry will recollect without pleasure, induced me, when a young versifier, to practise in this rhythm. I felt that while it gave the poet a wider range of expression, it satisfied the ear of the reader. It were easy to make a parade of learning, by enumerating the various feet which it admits; it is only needful to observe, that no two lines are employed in sequence which can be read into one. Two six-syllable lines, it will perhaps be answered, compose an Alexandrine: the truth is, that the Alexandrine, when harmonious, is composed of two six-syllable lines.
One advantage this metre assuredly possesses,.. the dullest reader cannot distort it into discord: he may read it prosaically, but its flow and fall will still be ​perceptible. Verse is not enough favoured by the English reader: perhaps this is owing to the obtrusiveness, the regular Jews-harp twing-twang, of what has been foolishly called heroic measure. I do not wish the improvisatorè tune;. . but something that denotes the sense of harmony, something like the accent of feeling,. . like the tone which every Poet necessarily gives to Poetry.
Cintra, October 1800.
Layout 2
# Thaler v. Perlmutter, Notice of Filing Administrative Record

This is in response to paperless minute order of October 12, 2022; see Thaler v. Perlmutter.
IN THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
| STEPHEN THALER, an individual, Plaintiff, vs. SHIRA PERLMUTTER, in her official capacity as Register of Copyright and Director of the United States Copyright Office; and THE UNITED STATES COPYRIGHT OFFICE, Defendants. | Civil Action No. 22-1564 (BAH) Chief Judge Beryl A. Howell |
NOTICE OF FILING ADMINISTRATIVE RECORD
Pursuant to the Court’s October 12, 2022 Order, Defendants submit the following Administrative Record and certification of the Record.
Index of U.S. Copyright Office Administrative Record
| Ex. No. | Title | Date | Description | Bates Range |
| Ex. A | Declaration of Mark Gray | 11/3/2022 | Certification of Administrative Record | N/A |
| Ex. B | “A Recent Entrance to Paradise” Application | 11/3/2018 | Copyright application | US_0000001–US_0000003 |
| Ex. C | “A Recent Entrance to Paradise” Deposit | 11/3/2018 | Deposit submitted to Copyright Office | US_0000004 |
| Ex. D | “A Recent Entrance to Paradise” Initial Refusal Letter | 8/12/2019 | Refusal Letter sent by Copyright Office | US_0000005–US_0000007 ​ |
| Ex. E | “A Recent Entrance to Paradise” First Reconsideration Request | 9/23/2019 | First Request for Reconsideration submitted by applicant | US_0000008–US_0000018 |
| Ex. F | “A Recent Entrance to Paradise” Refusal of First Request for Reconsideration | 3/30/2020 | Refusal Letter sent by Copyright Office | US_0000019–US_0000021 |
| Ex. G | “A Recent Entrance to Paradise” Second Reconsideration Request | 5/27/2020 | Second Request for Reconsideration submitted by applicant | US_0000022–US_0000030 |
| Ex. H | “A Recent Entrance to Paradise” Refusal of Second Request for Reconsideration | 2/14/2022 | Refusal letter sent by Copyright Office Review Board | US_0000031–US_0000037 |
| Of Counsel: SCOTT D. BOLDEN Department of Justice | Respectfully submitted, BRIAN M. BOYTON Principal Deputy Assistant Attorney General GARY L. HAUSKEN Director s/ Jenna Munnelly  JENNA MUNNELLY Trial Attorney Commercial Litigation Branch Civil Division Department of Justice Washington, DC 20530 Email: jenna.e.munnellyusdoj.gov Telephone:(202) 616-1061 Counsel for Defendants |
Dated: November 8, 2022
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse