OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Cable, George Washington

See also George Washington Cable on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
* GEORGE W. CABLE
Ca′ble, George Washington, an American author, was born in New Orleans in 1844, and after a short career in business entered the Confederate army. At the close of the war, he resumed business in New Orleans and while still so engaged began his work as a writer in connection with the New Orleans Picayune. His first stories were collected and published under the title of Old Creole Days. The Grandissimes, Madame Delphine and the History of New Orleans soon followed, and in 1879 he gave up his business. In 1884 Mr. Cable settled in Northampton, Massachusetts, and devoted himself to writing and lecturing. Dr. Sevier, The Creoles of Louisiana, The Silent South, The Cavalier, By-Low Hill and Strange True Stories of Louisiana are among his later works.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Cabot, John

See also John Cabot on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Cabot (kăb′ŭt), John or Giovanni, probably the discoverer of North America. Very little is known of the life of this seaman. The place and time of his birth and death are not known. Either a Venetian or an Englishman naturalized in 1476, he was living in England in 1495. It probably was the voyage of Columbus in search of the East Indies which started Cabot westward on the same quest. He with his three sons obtained a patent in 1496 from Henry VII, giving them power to search for lands in the eastern, western or northern seas and, as vassals of England, to occupy any lands discovered, with a right to their commerce on paying the king a fifth of all profits. Accompanied by his three sons he set sail in 1497, and on June 24th sighted Cape Breton Island and Nova Scotia. He planted on the coast the banners of England and Venice and returned. The next year another patent was granted, but nothing further is known of his life.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Cabal

See also Cabal on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Cabal (kȧ-băl′), a word used to denote a small party united for political purposes. Formerly it was used to denote a secret committee or cabinet, and in the 17th century was especially applied to the infamous ministry of Charles II of England, which was made up of five members whose initials made up the word cabal. They were Clifford, Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington and Lauderdale. The word goes back through the French to a Hebrew word meaning “something received.”
# The New Student's Reference Work/Cable-Road

See also Cable car (railway) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Cable-Road, a railroad on which the cars are moved by being attached to an endless wire rope, which is kept in motion by mechanical power. Cable traction has been used in mines for many years, but it was first successfully applied to street car traction by A. S. Halliday at San Francisco in 1873. For heavy street-car traffic and for places where there are very heavy grades the cable system has been sucessfully employed. The cable, an endless wire rope of one to 1½ inches in diameter, is kept in continuous motion in a slotted groove or conduit below the surface and between the rails, and the connection with the car is made by a grip which can be controlled from the car. The power required to keep the cable in motion without load is large—35 to 75 per cent. of the full load—so that the system is at a ​disadvantage where the load is not heavy and continuous. The cable has been superseded by electric systems almost entirely.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Cables, Electric

See also Electric cable on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Ca′bles, Electric, are wires especially prepared for carrying electric currents underground or under water. The underground cable consists essentially of a cylinder of insulating material, such as guttapercha, in which are imbedded one or more copper wires. These coppper wires do not touch each other throughout their length. The guttapercha keeps the moisture out and keeps the electric current in. The cable is generally placed inside a lead sheathing, which preserves its flexibility and at the same time furnishes protection from mechanical injury. It is now the custom to put a large number of conductors—sometimes, for telephone lines, as many as a hundred—in one lead sheath.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Cables, Ocean

See also Submarine communications cable on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Ca′bles, Ocean, telegraph lines laid from shore to shore beneath the sea. The first Atlantic cable was successfully laid in 1866 by Cyrus W. Field. Submarine telegraph lines had already for some years been in operation over short distances. Coney Island and Fire Island had been successfully connected. In Europe a cable had been laid from Dover to Calais, and many others over distances less than a hundred miles. In deeper waters, also, cables had been laid, one from Newfoundland to Cape Breton and another from Spezia to Corsica. In 1857 Mr. Field made his first attempt to lay a cable under the Atlantic from Newfoundland to Valentia in Ireland. This attempt failed, as did several others. In 1858 a cable was laid which worked at first but became silent after a few weeks. In 1865 the Great Eastern took on board a vast cable weighing 20,000 tons, and laid 1,200 miles of it, when by a sudden lurch of the ship the cable was snapped. The next year's attempt was, however, successful. The cable, 2,000 miles long, was safely stretched across the ocean, and submarine communication was an accomplished fact. Its first message was the news that a treaty had been signed by Prussia and Austria.
By 1903 there were 16 cables carrying messages through the Atlantic Ocean, besides three that are no longer used. But the greatest triumph of cable-laying was the completion of the British Pacific cable, 7,800 nautical miles long, which now connects British Columbia with Australia. In 1903 an American cable was laid to the Philippines from San Francisco by way of Hawaii. Thus, by means of the overland telegraph and the submarine cable, it is now possible to transmit a message in a few hours to almost any country on the globe.
Submarine Cables are laid on the bottom of the sea. They require not only good insulation, but great tensile strength, else they will not support their own weights when lowered from the vessel to the bottom of the sea. This tensile strength is acquired by wrapping the guttapercha insulation with a sheathing of steel wire. There now are 16 cables of this type across the Atlantic Ocean, each carrying two copper conductors. Each of these conductors is capable of transmitting about 20 words a minute. See Telegraph.
# The New York Times/1918/11

Content exists for this periodical, though at this stage it is not specifically organised beyond a basic hierarchy.
The pages listed below are an automatically generated listing.
Special:PrefixIndex/The New York Times/1918/11/
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/A Pan German Socialist

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"A PAN GERMAN SOCIALIST."
Estimate of Chancelor Ebert by the Paris Temps.
PARIS, Nov. 10.—The Temps today concludes a sketch of Friedrich Ebert, the new German Chancellor, as follow:
"He shares the ruling passion of the German. He is a type of Pan German Socialist, not to say an imperialist."
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/American Flier Drowned Off England

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American Flier Drowned Off England
LONDON, Nov. 8.—Lieutenant George Nolonebe, an aviator from California, fell with his machine into the sea on Wednesday night and was drowned.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/$4,000 Benefit for 11th Engineers

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$4,000 Benefit for 11th Engineers.
More than $4,000 was realized at the Cort Theatre last night at a performance given under the auspices of the Association of the Eleventh Engineers' Auxiliary. The money will be used to provide for the families of men of the reginemnt, which was one of the first to go to France under the American flag. Last night's performance was arranged by Mrs. Suzanne Westford Allen, and the list of those who appeared included Irene Franklin, Nan Halperin, William Farnum, Blanche Bates, Ed Wynn, Julia Arthur, Robert Edeson, Tavie Belge, John E. Hazzard and Lieutenant Gitz-Rice.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/All Saved from the Saetia

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All Saved from the Saetia
WASHINGTON, Nov. 10.—All persons known to have been on board the American steamer Saetia, sunk yesterday morning off the Maryland coast, have been saved. Additional survivors landed at Cape May today brought the number to 83, accounting for everybody on the ship's lists.
# The New York Times/1918/11/11/Americans Take Six Villages

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AMERICANS TAKE SIX VILLAGES
Bois Dommartin Cleared, Says General Pershing's Communique.
WASHINGTON, Nov. 10.—General Pershing's communiqué for this evening says that a series of local operations by the First and Second Armies between the Mause and Moselle Rivers resulted in considerable gains of ground today. Six villages were captured and the Bois Dommartin cleared. The statement follows:
HEADQUARTERS AMERICAN EXPEDITIONARY FORCES. Nov. 10, (evening.)—"A series of local operations by the First and Second Armies resulted in considerable gains today at many points along the line between the Mause and Moselle.
"Troops of the First Army, with whom French units are operating, reached the southern outskirts of Stenay and occupied Bois du Chesnois, south of Baalon. Beyond the eastern slopes of the heights of the Meuse, the villages of Giberoy, Abaucourt and Grimacout were taken.
"In the Woevre, despite stubborn resistance from machine guns and heavy artillery, troops of the Second Army penetrated the enemy's line and drove him from several well-organized and strongly held positions. The towns of Marcheville and St. Hilaire were taken and the Bois Dommartin was cleared of the enemy."
The communiqué for this morning says:
"Headquarters American Expeditionary Forces in France, Nov. 10, (morning):
"Along the front of the First Army on the west bank of the Mause, from Mouzay to Fresnes-en-Woevre, the night was marked by heavy artillery fire and by sharp machine gun fighting."
# The New Student's Reference Work/Siberian Railroad

See also Trans-Siberian Railway on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Sibe′rian Railroad. The building of this road was begun in 1891 and was completed in its main features in 11 years, including a branch across Manchuria to Port Arthur and Dalny. It starts from Tchelyabinsk on the eastern slope of the Urals, and extends to Vladivostok on the Pacific, a distance of 4,500 miles, following the fiftieth parallel. This is the main division of the railroad. The great Russian system between St. Petersburg, Port Arthur and Vladivostok measures 6,672 miles. The first work on the real road was done on May 1, 1891. In perfecting the enterprise Russia sent commissioners to the United States to study American railroad-systems; imported Italian workmen who had helped to build the Simplon and St. Gothard tunnels; built towns in deserts; and transported whole families by the thousands to them for their work. Many serious obstacles had to be overcome far from the base of supplies. Lake Baikal was a great barrier; steamers transported the cars in summer, and ice-breaking steamers were used for a part of the long winter. The line was completed, however, by the building of a 100-mile detour around the southern end of the lake in 1904. The road was built cheaply, with light rails and wooden bridges, but, when formally opened in 1902, had cost $172,525,000. It has proved a good investment, having given an impetus to agriculture and all other business of Siberia. Branches from the main line are projected, chiefly to the northern portion of Asiatic Russia. In 1906, by Russian official statistics, this road carried 162,000,000 pounds of freight and 2,097,000 passengers. Great quantities of wheat and tea are carried, the tea being brought by caravan from China. This line is of great military and political importance. In 1904 Russia dispatched over 300,000 troops over it in 90 days, with enormous quantities of provisions and supplies.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Siamese Twins

See also Chang and Eng Bunker on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Si′amese′ Twins, the name of two children, Eng and Chang, born in Siam in 1811. They were united by a band of flesh growing from chest to chest. They were shown as curiosities in the principal cities of Europe and America, and finally settled in North Carolina, where they married two sisters. The Civil War ruined them financially, and they again made the tour of Europe, exhibiting themselves in 1869. They died in North Carolina, two hours and a half apart, Jan. 17, 1874.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Sikhs

See also Sikh on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Sikhs (sēks), a religious sect in northern India. The word means followers or disciples. It was founded by Baba Nanak in the 15th century, who rejected the caste-system and idolatry, and taught the worship of one God. At the end of the 16th century the holy temple was built at Amritsar, which is the headquarters of the sect. As they increased in numbers, they gradually assumed military power, and in the 18th century under Kanjit Singh (q. v.), a young warlike chief, they became a great military force in the Panjab. He kept the treaty he had made with Great Britain, but at his death his large and well-drilled army invaded British territory in India in 1845. After several battles and defeats they were at last conquered in 1849, and the Panjab was annexed. At the mutiny (1857) the Sikhs remained loyal to England. The Sikhs form about six per cent. of the population of the Panjab, and there are 15 protected Sikh states connected with the Panjab government. They number about 1,907,836. Consult Cunningham's History of the Sikhs.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Sinai

See also Biblical Mount Sinai on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Sinai (sī′nī), a mountain in northwestern Arabia, known as the place where Moses received the tables of stone inscribed with the Ten Commandments. The mountain is a single peak in a great rocky mass which almost fills the peninsula of Sinai, a point between two arms of the Red Sea: the Gulf of Suez and the Gulf of Akaba. There are three separate mountains, Mount Catherine being the one usually thought to be indicated by the name Sinai. This mountain has two peaks, the northern one, known as Mount Horeb, and the southern one, called the Mountain of Moses. This sonuthern peak is generally agreed upon as the place of the giving of the law, though it is still disputed. At its foot is the Church of St. Catherine, built about 527 by Emperor Justinian; a little higher up, the chapel of St. Elias; and on the summit a little pilgrim-church. The whole peninsula, as well as the bold, jagged mountains, has a stern, treeless aspect, though palms, acacias and tamarisks grow in the ravines. The Bedawin Arabs range over the region with their sheep and goats. There are many caves among the mountains, which have been the abodes of hermits, and many inscriptions on the rocks which date back to the era of the early Christians. Consult Dean Stanley's Sinai and Palestine and E. H. Palmer's Desert of the Exodus.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Siam, Gulf of

See also Gulf of Thailand on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Siam (sī́-ăm′), Gulf of, an arm of the China Sea, south of Siam and west of Cochin-China. It is 245 miles wide at its entrance, and extends inland for 390 miles.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Silas Marner

See also Silas Marner on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Silas Marner, a story of humble life by George Eliot (1861), considered by many her finest work. To quote her own words, "the story sets forth the good influences of pure, natural, human relations." Silas, the linen-weaver of Rayeloe, wrongly accused of theft, leads an isolated, miserable life, his one treasure, the savings of years, being stolen by the squire's son. In its place a little child, Eppie, strays into his cottage and fills his life with joy. Her influence drew him into the stream of the village-life, and he became a natural man again. There is a minor theme in the life of Godfrey Cass, a type of the deterioration of character. This contrast with the regeneration of Silas Marner forms the center around which the author weaves much of the details of the simple village-life. The story is a good moral tonic aside from its specific teachings.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Simpson, James Young

See also James Young Simpson on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Simp′son, Sir James Young, a Scotch physician, was born in Linlithgowshire, June 7, 1811. He studied in Edinburgh, attracting attention by his ability and especially by his thesis on Death from Inflammation when he took his medical degree. He rose rapidly in his profession, contributing largely to the renown of the Edinburgh school. In 1847 he was made one of her Majesty's physicians for Scotland. His greatest claim to distinction rests on his introduction of chloroform into medical use in March of 1847. His publications include a large number of medical works. He died on May 6, 1870. A bronze statue of him was erected in Edinburgh in 1877. See Memoir by Duns.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Shrimp

See also Shrimp on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​ Shrimp, small, slender and long-tailed Crustacea inhabiting salt water. The prawns are closely related and are commonly served in shrimp-salad. These animals are all small, in general form resembling a lobster or crayfish. Some are nearly transparent. They live on the sand in salt water. They are taken in great numbers for food, especially in England and in France.
SHRIMP
# The New Student's Reference Work/Sierra Nevada (California)

See also Sierra Nevada (US) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Sierra Nevada, a range of mountains in California 450 miles long, merging into the Coast Range. Mt. Whitney (14,886), Mt. Shasta (14,440) and Mt. Tyndall (14,386) are the highest peaks. The mountains are covered with forests, and gold and silver are found in large quantities.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Connaught, Arthur William Patrick Albert, Duke of

See also Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CONNAUGHT, Arthur William Patrick Albert, Duke of, Prince of the United Kingdom (1850—). The third son of Queen Victoria. He entered the Military Academy at Woolwich in 1866, and in 1880 became a general of brigade. He was created Duke of Connaught and Strathearn and Earl of Sussex in 1874, and took his seat in the House of Lords. In 1879 he married Princess Margaret Louise, grandniece of the German Emperor William I. He served in Egypt in 1882, became a general in 1893, and from 1893 to 1898 was in charge of the permanent camp at Aldershot. In 1896 he and his wife represented Queen Victoria at the coronation of the Czar Nicholas II. He succeeded Lord Roberts as commander-in-chief of the forces in Ireland in January, 1900, and in the following year became commander of the Third Army Corps.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Congressional Record

Edition of 1905. See also Congressional Record on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, The journal of the United States Congress. Up to 1799 the Senate sat with closed doors, and no reports of its proceedings were published. Since that time, an official record of the proceedings of each House is required to be published. The so-called ‘executive sessions’ of the Senate are secret. The journal now known as the Congressional Record was called from 1789 to 1824 the Annals of Congress; from 1825 to 1837 the Register of Debates; from 1834 to 1874 the Congressional Globe. Since 1875 its present name has been used. The Record, however, is not an accurate transcript of the actual proceedings. Members are allowed to revise their remarks before they appear in type; and they also frequently receive from the House ‘leave to print’ speeches which they have never delivered, but which appear in the Record as though a part of the proceedings of the session.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Congressman at Large

Edition of 1905. See also At-large on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​CONGRESSMAN AT LARGE. A member of the United States House of Representatives elected by the voters of the entire State, and not, as is customary, by those of Congressional districts. Such Congressmen are elected under the apportionment acts of Congress, and the election of a Congressman at large is merely a device adopted to give each State the proper number of representatives under the acts until the State should be redistributed. Some States have had two such members, and several one. According to a Congressional act of 1901, the ratio of Congressional representation is one Representative for every 194,182 of the population.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Connaught

See also Connacht on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CONNAUGHT, kŏn′na̤t (Ir. Connacht) . The northwestern and smallest of the four provinces of Ireland, bounded north and west by the Atlantic, east by Ulster and Leinster, and south by Munster (Map: Ireland, B 3). It contains the counties of Galway, Leitrim, Mayo, Roscommon, and Sligo. Area, 6807 square miles. Population, in 1841, 1,420,900; in 1891, 719,500; in 1901, 649,630.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Conn

See also The Shaughraun on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CONN. An irresponsible, gay-spirited fellow, the leading character in Dion Boucicault's play The Shaughran.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Conn, Herbert William

See also Herbert William Conn on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CONN, Herbert William (1859—). An American zoölogist and bacteriolgist, born at Fitchburg, Mass. He took his baccalaureate degree at the Boston University and his doctorate at Johns Hopkins University, and soon afterwards became professor of biology at Wesleyan University in Connecticut. From 1889 to 1897 he was director of the Marine Biological Laboratory at Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. He is considered an authority on the bacteriology of dairy products, in connection with which he has published many papers, usually under the auspices of the Agricultural Station at Storrs, Conn. His works include: Evolution of To-day (1886); The Living World (1891); The Study of Germ-Life (1897); Classification of Dairy Bacteria (1899); The Method of Evolution (1900).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Conneaut

See also Conneaut, Ohio on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ CONNEAUT, kŏn′nē̇-a̤t′. A village on Conneaut Creek, Ashtabula County, Ohio, near the Pennsylvania line, 68 miles northeast of Cleveland, and noted as the landing-place of the first white settlers of northern Ohio in 1796 (Map: Ohio, J 2). It is on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern; the New York, Chicago and Saint Louis; and the Pittsburg, Lake Erie and Bessemer railroads, and has a good harbor at the mouth of the creek, where there is a lighthouse. It is an important ore and coal port, and has extensive railroad shops and plants for the manufacture of canned goods, self-sealing packages, bricks, lumber, etc. Conneaut also exports large amounts of molding sand and agricultural produce. The electric-light plant is owned and operated by the village, which was incorporated in 1832. It is governed by a mayor, elected every two years, and a council. Population, in 1890, 3241; in 1900, 7133.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Constituent Assembly

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​CONSTITUENT ASSEMBLY. See Assembly, National.
# The Poetical Works of Thomas Parnell/Poem 28

ON MRS. ARABELLA FERMOR LEAVING LONDON.
From town fair Arabella flies;
The beaux unpowder'd grieve:
The rivers play before her eyes;
The breezes, softly breathing, rise;
The Spring begins to live.   Her lovers swore, they must expire,
Yet quickly find their ease;
For, as she goes, their flames retire;
Love thrives before a nearer fire,
Esteem by distant rays.   Yet soon the fair one will return,
When Summer quits the plain:
Ye rivers, pour the weeping urn;
Ye breezes, sadly sighing, mourn;
Ye lovers, burn again!   'Tis constancy enough in love
That nature's fairly shown:
To search for more, will fruitless prove;
Romances, and the turtle-dove,
The virtue boast alone.