OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/thiam
### thiam

* 沾thiam43855
* To take in by absorption; affected by.

#### thiam-jíam;

    imbued with; tinged; corrupted by.

#### cn̂g kâi bô̤ khṳ̀ thiam-jíam i;

    have nothing whatever to do with it.

#### ŭ thiam-jíam tîeh a bô̤?

    Has it been tinged by absorbing anything from that?
* 添thiam898858
* To add, to increase, to put in more; extra, additional.

#### thiam pó;

    add something to make enough.

#### thiam che khṳ̀ phōiⁿ;

    send additional messengers to attend to the matter.

#### thian teng;

    to have an increase in one's family.

#### thiam châi;

    increase in wealth.

#### thiam hok;

    added blessings.

#### thiam sīu;

    added years.

#### thiam îu;

    put in some more oil.

#### thiam piaⁿ;

    increase the number of soldiers.
* 甚thíam738994
* Excessively; violently; severely.

#### phah kàu thíam-thíam;

    beat him very severely.

#### chîp khah thíam;

    knead too hard.

#### mēⁿ thíam-thíam; i to m̄-ùi;

    he does not care how much he is scolded.

#### tàⁿ khah thíam i cū khì;

    if you say too much about it, he will be angry.

#### teh khah thíam cū pó khṳ̀;

    if you put too much weight upon it, it will be permanently flattened.

#### lūn thíam-thíam;

    trample down violently.
* 諂thíam471498
* To flatter, to cajole; to fawn.

#### thíam-mĭⁿ;

    to play the sycophant, to praise one in order to get hisfavor.

#### i cía ūe sĭ tó̤ thíam-mĭⁿ i;

    he says this in order to curry favor with him.

#### thíam-mĭⁿ kâi nâng;

    a lick-spittle.
* 蹴thìam101515712
* To stamp upon; to press down with the feet.

#### thìam kàu lok-lok;

    tread them down till they are mashed soft.

#### khì kàu kŭa tī híam-híam khṳt i thìam thâp;

    was so angry that he came near breaking a hole in the ground by stamping.

#### gê-kang cang kha kâi i thìam sí;

    stamp on the centipede and kill it.

#### pàng hṳ́ kûiⁿ kĕ hám kò̤, cang kha thìam cĭu cîh;

    if you put one end of it upon something and then stamp on the middle of it, you can break it.
* 恬thîam899616
* Peaceful; contented; tranquil.

#### thîam-cĕⁿ;

    undisturbed.

#### i kâi nâng thîam-cĕⁿ căi;

    she passes her life very tranquilly.

#### huang éng thîam-cĕⁿ;

    the winds and waves are quiet; the storm has subsided.

#### i sĭ kâi thîam-thîam cĕⁿ-cĕⁿ kâi kun-cṳ́ nâng;

    she is a very retiring and refined person.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/thiang
### thiang

* 暢thìang297210
* The inner qualities developing.

#### mêⁿ-hng lài thìang ím;

    come and take a social glass in the evening.

#### ūe tàⁿ lâi thìang-tâk;

    it was said in a very perspicuous style.

#### thìang-khùai căi;

    very delightsome or pleasurable.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/thiap
### thiap

* 貼thiap8931545
* To supply; to make up.

#### thó̤-thiap;

    well adjusted; properly arranged; well managed; nicely put together.

#### i kâi sṳ̄ cò̤ lâi thó̤-thiapcăi;

    his affairs are very thoroughly settled.

#### sṳ̆-lí kàu thó̤-thó̤ thiap-thiap;

    put in most perfect order.

#### thó̤i-thiap; thí-thiap;

    to take up another's cause; to act in behalf of another; to patronize; to accommodate another.

#### i ío thói-thiap nâng;

    he is more accommodating.

#### úa īa m̄ sĭ thói-thiap i, cū m̄ sĭ cìeⁿ-seⁿ;

    I should not do thus if I did not consider his interests in the case.

#### i mih sṳ̄ thí-thiap căi, m̄ pí hía bô̤ thí-thiap nâng kâi;

    he is very accommodating about everything, and not like those who will yield nothing to others.

#### iap-thiap;

    neat, orderly, nicely adjusted.

#### siu-sîp kàu iap-iap thiap-thiap;

    very nicely arranged.

#### i tá-pàng kàu hìeⁿ iap-thiap sĭ àiⁿ khṳ̀ cò̤ nâng-kheh a m̄ sĭ?

    It is because she is going to pay a visit that she is so carefully attired is it not?

#### cí kâi sĭ i thiap sin kâi hia-thâu;

    this is her waiting maid.

#### pó-thiap;

    to make up a loss or supply a deficiency; to meet an exigency by a donation; to help, as by giving alms.

#### ēng pó-thiap i jîeh cōi cíⁿ?

    How much should be given him to make up what is wanting?

#### thiap i saⁿ kâi ngṳ̂n hŵn būe kàu;

    if you help him to the amount of three dollars, he will then not have enough.
* 帖thiap893505
* Written scrolls, writings, documents, manuscripts; a billet; visiting-cards, of which there are many sorts; a placard.

#### i lâi cò̤ nŏ̤ peh kâi pêh-thiap;

    he came and ​wrote out two hundred notices of the funeral.

#### cía ēng chŵn-thiap a míen?

    Should this note be a formal one of five folds or not?

#### cíu thiap;

    a billet, an informal note.

#### pài thiap;

    a visiting card.

#### kŭ mûeh kâi thiap;

    a card sent with a gift.

#### hue-âng thiap;

    pale red cards.

#### bâk-âng thiap;

    deep red cards.

#### kim-hue thiap;

    an note of invitation to one who has just taken his degree.

#### thiap-âp;

    a card-case.

#### síeⁿ thiap;

    a notice of reward offered.

#### thiap nêk, thiap thàu;

    the note itself and the envelope enclosing it.

#### thiap mīn, thiam chiam;

    the outside of the note and the address thereon.

#### chut cie-thiap, cie nâng cò̤ kang;

    issue a notice that laborers are wanted.

#### pàng thiap;

    send out invitations.

#### khîeh thîap;

    received written invitations.
* 㩹thîap8926422
* To lay up in a pile; to stack on.

#### chin-chĭeⁿ tó̤ thîap châ kho pé;

    like laying up bundles of fire-wood.

#### cih lío thîap khí;

    after folding them up, lay them in a pile.

#### thîap sì-cìaⁿ sì-cìaⁿ;

    pile them up evenly.

#### thîap khah kûiⁿ;

    stacked too high.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/theh
### theh

* 赤theh721550
* Naked; stripped; denuded.

#### thong sin thǹg kàu theh-theh, tó̤ sói-êk;

    completely undressed, bathing.

#### khṳ̂ châk pak kàu teh-theh khṳ̀;

    stripped naked by robbers.

#### to bŏi jûah, cò̤-nî pak kàu līo-līo-theh?

    As it is not hot why are you stripped stark naked?
* 宅thêh959408
* A dwelling, a residence; a site.

#### chù-thêh;

    dwelling houses.

#### châng thêh;

    fields and dwellings.

#### tô̤h tī kâi jit àiⁿ jîp theh?

    What day has been selected as a lucky one for moving into the house?

#### ke-thêh phêng-ang;

    the household are all well.

#### tìn thêh;

    protect the house, as a deity does.

#### i chíaⁿ tieⁿ hû tó̤ tìn thêh;

    she asked for a charm to protect the house from evil influences.
# Dictionary of the Swatow dialect/theⁿ
### theⁿ

* 撑theⁿ306412
* To pole a boat.

#### theⁿ cûn;

    to pole a boat.

#### ā-sŭ ŭ huang cûn cū mín theⁿ;

    should there be wind we need not pole the boat.

#### i tó̤ theⁿ tō-cûn;

    he is poling a ferry-boat.

#### theⁿ m̄ kîaⁿ;

    it does not budge when I push upon the pole.

#### theⁿ lâi;

    pole it nearer.
* 撑thèⁿ306412
* To prop up with a stick; to shore up; to fasten open, as with a stretcher.

#### theng thèⁿ kûiⁿ cē;

    prop up the shutter a little higher.

#### cía tîeh kìe kâi a-ói al5i thèⁿ;

    must call a dwarf to prop it on.

#### saⁿ hó̤ thèⁿ pàng hṳ́ kháu khṳt i phâk jît;

    hang the jacket out on a propped pole and let it sun.

#### khîa ki sam lâi thèⁿ cía bŏi tó̤;

    bring a stick of timber and prop it up, then it will not fall.

#### thèⁿ m̄ phû;

    it will not stay up when braced.

#### thèⁿ i khui;

    hold it open by a stretcher.

#### bô̤ mûeh hó̤ thèⁿ;

    have nothing to shore it up with.
* 𣛟thèⁿ307512
* A prop.

#### ki thèⁿ khah sòi;

    the prop is too slight.

#### khîeh ki thûi lâi cò̤ thèⁿ;

    take the mallet as a prop.

#### theng-thèⁿ;

    the prop which holds a window-shutter open.
* 抬thêⁿ848645
* To push upward with the hands.

#### thêⁿ kûi-kûiⁿ;

    lift it high by pushing upward.

#### thêⁿ tit khí a thêⁿ m̄ khí?

    Can you raise it?

#### kīe sie-hŭ thêⁿ phû;

    help lift the seadn over a high obstruction.
# Edwards v. California

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
Edwards v. People of State of California, 314 U.S. 160 (1941) was a United States Supreme Court case where a California law prohibiting the bringing of a non-resident "indigent person" into the state was struck down as unconstitutional. Warning: template has been deprecated.

## Concurring Opinions

    Douglas
    Jackson
United States Supreme Court
314 U.S. 160
Edwards v. California
Argued: Oct. 21, 1941. --- Decided: Nov 24, 1941
Mr. Samuel Slaff, of New York City, for appellant.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 161-163 intentionally omitted]
Mr. John H. Tolan, of Oakland, Cal., for the Select Committee of the House of Representatives of the United States, appointed pursuant to House Resolution No. 63, April 22, 1940, to investigate Interstate Migration of Destitute Citizens, as amicus curiae by special leave of Court.
[Amicus Curiae Information from Pages 164-168 intentionally omitted]
Mr. W. T. Sweigert, of San Francisco, Cal., for appellee.
[Argument of Counsel from Page 169 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice BYRNES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Edwards v. Chile Copper Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
270 U.S. 452
Edwards v. Chile Copper Company
Argued: March 10, 11, 1926. --- Decided: March 22, 1926
Mrs. Mabel Walker Willebrandt, Asst. Atty. Gen., for petitioner.
Mr. Arthur A. Ballantine, of New York City, for respondent.
Mr. Justice HOLMES delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Edwards v. Douglas

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
269 U.S. 204
Edwards v. Douglas
Argued: April 17, 1925. --- Decided: Nov 23, 1925
Mr. Alfred A. Wheat, of New York City, and the Attorney General, for petitioner.
Messrs. Matthew C. Fleming and Paul Armitage, both of New York City, for respondents.
Mr. Justice BRANDEIS delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Edwards v. Cuba Railroad Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
268 U.S. 628
Edwards v. Cuba Railroad Company
Argued: April 15, 1925. --- Decided: June 8, 1925
Mr. Alfred A. Wheat, of New York City, and the Attorney General, for plaintiff in error.
Mr. Howard Mansfield and Allen Evarts Foster, both of New York City, for defendant in error.
Mr. Justice BUTLER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alsietinus Lacus

See also Lake Martignano on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALSIETINUS LACUS (mod. Lago di Martignano), a small lake in southern Etruria, 15 m. due N.N.W. of Rome, in an extinct crater. Augustus drew from it the Aqua Alsietina; the water was hardly fit to drink, and was mainly intended to supply his naumachia (lake made for a sham naval battle) at Rome, near S. Francesco a Ripa, on the right bank of the Tiber, where some traces of the aqueduct were perhaps found in 1720. The course of the aqueduct, which was mainly subterranean, is practically unknown: Frontinus tells us that it received a branch from the lake of Bracciano near Careiae (Galera): and an inscription relating to it was found in this district in 1887 (F. Barnabei, Notizie degli Scavi, 1887, 181).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alströmer, Jonas

See also Jonas Alströmer on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALSTRÖMER, JONAS (1685–1761), Swedish industrial reformer, was born at Alingsås in Vestergötland, on the 7th of January 1685. He left his native village at an early age, and in 1707 became clerk to Alberg, a merchant of Stockholm, whom he accompanied to London. After carrying on business for three years, Alberg failed, and Alström (as his name was before his ennoblement) engaged in the business of shipbroker on his own account, and eventually proved very successful. After travelling for several years on the continent, he was seized with the patriotic desire to transplant to his native country some of the industries he had seen flourishing in Britain. He accordingly returned to Alingsås, and in 1724 established a woollen factory in ​the village. After preliminary difficulties it became a very profitable business. He next established a sugar refinery at Gothenburg, introduced improvements in the cultivation of potatoes and of plants suitable for dyeing, and directed attention to improved methods in shipbuilding, tanning and the manufacture of cutlery. But his most successful undertaking was the importation of sheep from England, Spain and Angora. He received many marks of distinction, was created (1748) knight of the order of the North Star, and a few years later received letters of nobility, with permission to change his name to Alströmer. He died on the 2nd of June 1761, leaving several works on practical industrial subjects. A statue was erected in his honour in the exchange at Stockholm. One of his sons, Clas (Claude) (1736–1794), was a naturalist of considerable eminence. During a voyage to Spain he noticed a native Peruvian plant known in Peru as the lily of the Incas, at the Swedish counsul’s at Cadiz; he sent a few seeds to his master and friend, Linnaeus, who named the genus in his honour Alströmeria. He also wrote a work on sheep-breeding.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alsium

See also Alsium on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALSIUM (mod. Palo), an ancient town of Etruria, 29 m. W. by N. of Rome by rail, on the Via Aurelia, by which it is about 22 m. from Rome. It was one of the oldest cities of Etruria, but does not appear in history till the Roman colonization of 247 B.C., and was never of great importance, except as a resort of wealthy Romans, many of whom (Pompey, the Antonine emperors) had villas there. About 1 m. N.E. of Palo is a row of large mounds called I Monteroni, which belong to tombs of the Etruscan cemetery. Considerable remains of ancient villas still exist along the low sandy coast, one of which, about 11/2 m. E. of Palo, occupies an area of some 400 by 250 yds. The medieval castle belongs to the Odescalchi family. Near Palo is the modern sea-bathing resort Ladispoli, founded by Prince Odescalchi.
See G. Dennis, Cities and Cemeteries of Etruria, i. 219.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alston

See also Alston, Cumbria on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALSTON, a market-town in the Penrith parliamentary division of Cumberland, England, 29 m. by road E.S.E. of Carlisle, on a branch of the North-Eastern railway from Haltwhistle. Pop. (1901) 3133. It lies in the uppermost part of the valley of the South Tyne, among the high bleak moors of the Pennines. Copper and blende are found, and there are limestone quarries. The mines of argentiferous lead, belonging to Greenwich Hospital, London, were formerly of great value, and it was in order that royalties on the Alston lead mines and on those elsewhere in the county might be jointly collected that the parish was first included within the borders of Cumberland, in the 18th century. As many as 119 lead mines were worked in the parish in 1768, but the supply of metal has been almost exhausted. Coal is worked chiefly for lime-burning, and umber is prepared for the manufacture of colours. Thread and flannels are also made. Whitley Castle, 2 m. N., was a Roman fort, the original name of which is not known, guarding the road which ran along the South Tyne valley and over the Pennines. It has no connexion with Alston itself.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Altamura

See also Altamura on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALTAMURA, a town of Apulia, Italy, in the province of Bari, 28 m. S.S.W. of the town of that name, and 56 m. by rail via Gioia del Colle. Pop. (1901) 22,729. It possesses a fine Romanesque cathedral begun in 1232 and restored in 1330 and 1531, the portal being especially remarkable. It is one of the four Palatine churches of Apulia. The surrounding territory is fertile. The medieval walls, erected by the emperor Frederick II., rest upon the walls of an ancient city of unknown name. These early walls are of rough blocks of stone without mortar. Ancient tombs with fragments of vases have also been found, and there are cases which have been used as primitive tombs or dwellings, and a group of some fifty tumuli near Altamura.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alsop, Vincent

See also Vincent Alsop on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALSOP, VINCENT (c. 1630–1703), English Nonconformist divine, was of Northamptonshire origin and was educated at St John’s College, Cambridge. He received deacon’s orders from a bishop, whereupon he settled as assistant-master in the free school of Oakham, Rutland. He was reclaimed from indifferent courses and associates here by a very “painful” minister, the Rev. Benjamin King. Subsequently he married Mr King’s daughter, and “becoming a convert to his principles, received ordination in the Presbyterian way, not being satisfied with that which he had from the bishop”. He was presented to the living of Wilby in Northamptonshire; but was thence ejected under the act of Uniformity in 1662. After his ejection he preached privately at Oakham and Wellingborough, sharing the common pains and penalties of nonconformists,—e.g. he was imprisoned six months for praying with a sick person. A book against William Sherlock, dean of St Paul’s, called Antisozzo (against Socinus), written in the vein of Andrew Marvell’s Rehearsal Transprosed, procured him much celebrity as a wit. Dr Robert South, no friend to nonconformists, publicly pronounced that Alsop had the advantage of Sherlock in every way. Besides fame, Antisozzo procured for its author an invitation to succeed the venerable Thomas Cawton (the younger) as independent minister in Westminster. He accepted the call and drew great multitudes to his chapel. He published other books which showed a fecundity of wit, a playful strength of reasoning, and a provoking indomitableness of raillery. Even with Dr Goodman and Dr Stillingfleet for antagonists, he more than held his own. His Mischief of Impositions (1680) in answer to Stillingfleet’s Mischief of Separation, and Melius Inquirendum (1679) in answer to Goodman’s Compassionate Inquiry, remain historical landmarks in the history of nonconformity. Later on, from the entanglements of a son in alleged treasonable practices, he had to sue for and obtained pardon from King James II. This seems to have given a somewhat diplomatic character to his closing years, inasmuch as, while remaining a nonconformist, he had a good deal to do with proposed political-ecclesiastical compromises. He died on the 8th of May 1703, having preserved his “spirits and smartness” to the last.
See Wood’s Athenae (Bliss) iv. 106; Calamy’s Life of Baxter, ii. 487; Wilson’s History and Ant. of Dissenting Churches, iv. 63-66. (A. J. G.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alsted, Johann Heinrich

See also Johann Heinrich Alsted on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALSTED, JOHANN HEINRICH (1588–1638), German Protestant divine. He was some time professor of philosophy and theology at Herborn, in Nassau, and afterwards at Weissenburg in Transylvania, where he remained till his death in 1638. He was a marvellously prolific writer. His Encyclopaedia (1630), the most considerable of the earlier works of that class, was long held in high estimation.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alsen

See also Als (island) on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer. Returned to Danish rule in 1920
​ALSEN (Danish Als), an island in the Baltic, off the coast of Schleswig, in the Little Belt. It formerly belonged to Denmark, but, as a result of the Danish war of 1864, was incorporated with Germany. Its area is 105 sq. m.; the length nearly 20, and the breadth from 3 to 12 m. Pop. (1900) 25,000, most of whom speak Danish. The island is fertile, richly wooded, and yields grain and fruit. Sonderburg, the capital, with a good harbour and a considerable trade, is connected with the mainland by a pontoon bridge. Other places of note are Norburg and Augustenburg. On the peninsula Kekenis at the S.W. end of Alsen there is a lighthouse. Here, in 1848, the Danes directed their main attack against Field-marshal Wrangel’s army. In 1864 the Prussians under Herwarth von Bittenfeld took Alsen, which was occupied by 9000 Danish troops under Steinmann, thus bringing the Danish war to a close. Since 1870 Alsen has been fortified.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Alston, Charles

See also Charles Alston (botanist) on Wikipedia; and our 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica disclaimer.
​ALSTON, CHARLES (1683–1760), Scottish botanist, was born at Eddlewood, near Hamilton, in 1683, and became lecturer in materia medica and botany at Edinburgh and also superintendent of the botanical gardens, of the plants in which he published a catalogue in 1740. He was a critic of Linnaeus’s system of plant-classification (see Botany). He died on the 22nd of November 1760 at Edinburgh. His Lectures on Materia Medica were published posthumously in 1770.
# Dunes and Dreams: A History of White Sands National Monument/List of Illustrations

List of Illustrations