OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Squirrel Monkey

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​SQUIRREL MONKEY, the English name of a small golden-haired South American monkey, commonly known as Chrysothrix sciurea, and also applied to the two other members of the same genus, whose collective range extends from Costa Rica to Bolivia and Brazil. It has, however, been proposed to transfer the name Chrysothrix to the marmosets of the genus Hapale, to which it is stated to have been originally applied, and to replace it by Saimiris. The squirrel-monkeys were formerly classed with the douroucoulis (see Douroucouli), but, on account of their brain-structure, they have been transferred to the Cebinae (see Capuchin-Monkey), from the other members of which they differ by their practically non-prehensile tails and smaller size, while they are further distinguished by their comparatively large eyes and the backward prolongation of the hinder part of the head. They are exceedingly pretty little monkeys. (See Primates.) (R. L.*)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Spherometer

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The lower end of the screw and those of the table legs are finely tapered and terminate in hemispheres, so that each rests on a point. If the screw has two turns of the thread to the millimetre the head is usually divided into 500 equal parts, so that differences of 0.001 millimetre may be measured without using a vernier. A lens, however, may be fitted, in order to magnify the scale divisions. A vertical scale fastened to the table indicates the number of whole turns of the screw and serves as an index for reading the divisions on the head. In order to measure the thickness of a plate the instrument is placed on a perfectly level plane surface and the screw turned until the point just touches; the exact instant when it does so is defined by a sudden diminution of resistance succeeded by a considerable increase. The divided head and scale are read; the screw is raised; the thin plate slipped under it; and the process is repeated. The difference between the two readings gives the required thickness. A contact-lever, delicate level or electric contact arrangement may be attached to the spherometer in order to indicate the moment of touching more precisely than is possible by the sense of touch. To measure the radius of a sphere—e.g. the curvature of a lens—the spherometer is levelled and read, then placed on the sphere, adjusted until the four points exert equal pressure, and read again. The difference gives the thickness of that portion of the sphere cut off by a plane passing through the three feet. Calling this distance h, and the distance between the feet a, the radius R is given by the formula $\textstyle {\text{R}}={\frac {a^{2}+3h^{2}}{6h}}$.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Spheres, Music of the

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​SPHERES, MUSIC OF THE, in Pythagorean philosophy, the harmony produced by the heavenly bodies in their orbits, inaudible to human ears. Pythagoras (cf. Arist. de Caelo, ii. 9) held that the movements of stars were governed by fixed laws which could be expressed in numbers according to the numbers which give the harmony of sounds (see Pythagoras, ad fin.). It is this theory to which Shakespeare alludes in The Merchant of Venice (Act. v. i. seq.: "such harmony is in immortal souls, but. .. we cannot hear it"). According to Gomperz (Greek Thinkers, i. 118, Eng. trans.) "there was nothing fanciful in the Pythagorean doctrine except only the belief that the differences of velocity in the movements of the stars were capable of producing a harmonious orchestration and not merely sounds of varying pitch."
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Spheroid

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​SPHEROID (Gr. σφαῖρα-ειδής, like a sphere), a solid resembling, but not identical with, a sphere in shape. In geometry; the word is confined to the figures generated by an ellipse revolving about a diameter. If the axis of revolution be the major axis of the ellipse, the spheroid is “prolate”; if the minor axis, “oblate”; if any other, “universal.”
If the generating ellipse has for its equation $\textstyle {\frac {x^{2}}{a^{2}}}+{\frac {y^{2}}{b^{2}}}=1$, and revolves about the major axis, i.e. the axis of x, the volume of the solid generated is $\textstyle {\frac {4}{3}}\pi ab^{2}$, and its surface is $\textstyle 2\pi \left\{b^{2}+{\frac {ab}{e}}\sin ^{-1}e\right\}$, where e denotes the eccentricity. If the curve revolve about the minor axis, the volume is $\textstyle {\frac {4}{3}}\pi a^{2}b$, and the surface is $\textstyle \pi \left\{2a^{2}+{\frac {b^{2}}{e}}\log {\frac {(1+e)}{(1-e)}}\right\}$. The figure of the earth is frequently referred to as an oblate spheroid; this, however, is hardly correct, for the geoid has three unequal axes. The Cartesian equation to a spheroid assumes the forms $\textstyle {\frac {x^{2}}{a^{2}}}+{\frac {(y^{2}+z^{2})}{b^{2}}}=1$, for the prolate, and $\textstyle {\frac {(x^{2}+z^{2})}{a^{2}}}+{\frac {y^{2}}{b^{2}}}=1$, for the oblate, the origin being the centre and the co-ordinate axes the axes of the original ellipse, $\textstyle {\frac {x^{2}}{a^{2}}}+{\frac {y^{2}}{b^{2}}}=1$, and the line perpendicular to the plane containing them.
In physics, the term “spheroidal state” is given to the following phenomenon. If drops of a liquid be placed on a highly heated surface, for example, the top of a stove, the liquid forms a number of tremulous globules which continually circulate internally. There is no visible boiling, although the globule diminishes slowly in size. The theory of the experiment is that the liquid is surrounded by an elastic envelope of its vapour which acts, as it were, as a cushion preventing actual contact of the drop with the plate. On the formation of a similar protective cushion of vapour depends the immunity of such experiments as plunging a hand into a bath of molten metal.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Spider-monkey

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​SPIDER-MONKEY, the English title of a group of tropical American monkeys known to the natives of Brazil by the name coaita, and to zoologists as Ateles, in allusion to the imperfectly-developed thumb. They take their English name from the slimness of the body, the elongated limbs, and the long tail, the under surface of the prehensile extremity of which is naked. The thumb is either rudimentary or wanting, so that the hands act merely as hooks in climbing. The absence of woolly under-fur, the less compressed nails, and the broader partition between the nostrils distinguishes them from the woolly spider-monkeys (Brachyteles.) The species are numerous, and the most active and thoroughly arboreal of all American monkeys. The prehensile tail is employed not only as a means of suspension, but also to convey food to the mouth. These monkeys generally go about in small parties, high up in the trees; and, like the other members of the group, are comparatively silent. Their food consists chiefly of fruits and leaves. (See Primates.)
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Odde

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​ODDE, or Odda, a village of Norway, in South Bergenhus amt (county), on the Sör Fjord, a head-branch of the great Hardanger Fjord. It is 48 m. directly S.E. of Bergen, but 123 by water (to Eide), road (to Vossevangen), and rail thenceforward, or about the same distance by water alone. It is one of the principal tourist-centres in southern Norway, being at the end of the road from Breifond (27 m.) near which the routes join from Stavanger by Sand, Lake Suldal, and the Bratlandsdal, and from the south-eastern coast towns by the Telemark. This road, descending from the Horrebraekke, passes through the gorge of Seljestadjuvet, passes the Espelandsfos and Lotefos falls, and skirts the Sandven lake. Odde is also a centre for several favourite excursions, as to the Buarbrae, one of the glaciers descending from the great Folgefond snowfield, situated in a precipitous valley (Jordal) to the west of Sandven lake; to the Skjaeggedalsfos, a magnificent fall (525 ft.); or across the Folgefond to Suldal, a station on the Mauranger branch of the Hardanger fjord. Touring steamers and frequent local steamers from Bergen call at Odde, and there are several large hotels.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Oddfellows, Order of

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​ODDFELLOWS, ORDER OF, a secret benevolent and social society, having mystic signs of recognition, initiatory rites and ceremonies, and various grades of dignity and honour. Great antiquity has been claimed for the order of Oddfellows—the most popular tradition ascribing it to the Jewish legion under Titus, who, it is asserted, received from the emperor its first charter written on a golden tablet. Oddfellows themselves, however, now generally admit that the institution cannot be traced back beyond the first half of the 18th century, and explain the name as adopted at a time when the severance into sects and classes was so wide that persons aiming at social union and mutual help were a marked exception to the general rule. Mention is made by Defoe of the society of Oddfellows, but the oldest lodge of which the name has been handed down is the Loyal Aristarcus, No. 9, which met in 1745 “at the Oakley Arms, Borough of Southwark; Globe Tavern, Hatton Garden; or the Boar’s Head in Smithfield, as the noble master may direct.” The earliest lodges were supported by each member and visitor paying a penny to the secretary on entering the lodge, and special sums were voted to any brother in need. If out of work he was supplied with a card and funds to reach the next lodge, and he went from lodge to lodge until he found employment. The lodges gradually adopted a definite common ritual and became confederated under the name of the Patriotic Order. Towards the end of the century many of the lodges were broken up by State prosecutions on the suspicion that their purposes were “seditious,” but the society continued to exist as the Union Order of Oddfellows until 1809. In 1813, at a convention in Manchester, was formed the Independent Order of Oddfellows, Manchester Unity, which now overshadows all the minor societies in England. Oddfellowship was introduced into the United States from the Manchester Unity in 1819, and the grand lodge of Maryland and the United States was constituted on the 22nd of February 1821. It now rivals in membership and influence the Manchester Unity, from which it severed its Connexion in 1842. In 1843 it issued a dispensation for opening the Prince of Wales Lodge No. 1 at Montreal, Canada. The American society, including Canada and the United States, has its headquarters at Baltimore. Organizations, connected either with the United States or England, have been founded in France, Germany, Switzerland, Gibraltar and Malta, Australia, New Zealand, the Fiji Islands, the Hawaiian Islands, South Africa, South America, the West Indies and Barbados, and elsewhere.
The rules of the different societies, various song-books, and a number of minor books on Oddfellowship have been published, but the most complete and trustworthy account of the institution is that in The Complete Manual of Oddfellowship, its History, Principles, Ceremonies and Symbolism, privately printed. (1879). See also Friendly Societies.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Odalisque

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​ODALISQUE, a slave-woman who is a member of an oriental harem, especially one in the harem or seraglio of the sultan of Turkey. The word is the French adaptation of the Turkish ōdaliq, formed from ōdah, chamber or room in a harem.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Octostyle

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​OCTOSTYLE (Gr. ὀκτώ eight, and στῦλος, a column), in architecture, a portico of eight columns in front (see Temple).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Odd

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​ODD (in middle English odde, from old Norwegian oddi, an angle of a triangle; the old Norwegian oddamann is used of the third man who gives a casting vote in a dispute), that which remains over after an equal division, the unit in excess of an even number; thus in numeration the word is used of a number either above or below a round number, an indefinite cardinal number, as “eighty and odd,” or “eighty odd.” As applied to individuals, the sense of “one left after a division” leads to that of “solitary,” and thus of “uncommon” or “strange.” In the plural, “odds” was originally used to denote inequalities especially in the phrase “to make odds even.” The sense of a difference in benefit leads to such colloquialisms as “makes no odds,” while that of variance appears in the expression “to be at odds.” In betting “the odds” is the advantage given by one person to another in proportion to the supposed chances of success.
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Odenkirchen

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​ODENKIRCHEN, a town of Germany, in the Prussian Rhine province, 21 m. by rail S.W. of Düsseldorf, and at the junction of lines to Munich, Gladbach and Stolberg. Pop. (1905) 16,808. It has a Roman Catholic church, an Evangelical one, a synagogue and several schools. Its principal industries are spinning, weaving, tanning and dyeing. Odenkirchen became a town in 1856.
See Wiedemann, Geschichte der ehemaligen Herrschaft und des Hauses Odenkirchen (Odenkirchen, 1879).
# 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Oxford, Robert de Vere, 9th Earl of

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​OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9th Earl of (1362–1392), English courtier, was the only son of Thomas de Vere, 8th earl of Oxford, and Maud (d. 1413), daughter of Sir Ralph de Ufford (d. 1346), and a descendant of King Henry III. He became 9th earl of Oxford on his father’s death in 1371, and married Philippa (d. 1412), daughter of his guardian Ingelram de Couci, earl of Bedford, a son-in-law of Edward III., quickly becoming very intimate with Richard II. Already hereditary great chamberlain of England, Oxford was made a member of the privy council and a Knight of the Garter; while castles and lands were bestowed upon him, and he was constantly in the company of the young king. In 1385 Richard decided to send his friend to govern Ireland, and Oxford was given extensive rights in that country and was created marquess of Dublin for life; but although preparations were made for his journey he did not leave England. Meanwhile the discontent felt at Richard’s incompetence and extravagance was increasing, one of the contributory causes thereto being the king’s partiality for Oxford, who was regarded with jealousy by the nobles and who made powerful enemies about this time by divorcing his wife, Philippa, and by marrying a Bohemian lady. The king however, indifferent to the gathering storm, created Vere duke of Ireland in October 1386, and gave him still more extensive powers in that country, and at once matters reached a climax. Richard was deprived of his authority for a short time, and Vere was ordered in vain to proceed to Ireland. The latter was then among those who were accused by the king’s uncle Thomas of Woodstock, duke of Gloucester, and his supporters in November 1387; and rushing into the north of England he gathered an army to defend his royal master and himself. At Radcot Bridge in Oxfordshire, however, his men fled before the troops of Gloucester, and Oxford himself escaped in disguise to the Netherlands. In the parliament of 1388 he was found guilty of treason and was condemned to death, but as he remained abroad the sentence was never carried out. With another exile, Michael de la Pole, duke of Suffolk, he appears to have lived in Paris until after the treaty between England and France in June 1389, when he took refuge at Louvain. He was killed by a boar whilst hunting, and left no children. In 1395 his body was brought from Louvain to England, and was buried in the priory at Earl’s Colne, Essex.
See T. Walsingham, Historia Anglicana, edited by H. T. Riley (London, 1863–1864); J. Froissart, Chroniques, edited by S. Luce and G. Raynaud (Paris, 1869–1897); H. Wallon, Richard II. (Paris, 1864); and W. Stubbs, Constitutional History, vol. ii. (Oxford, 1806).
# Fifes and Drums/The Roundabout Committee and the Circumlocution Board

THE ROUNDABOUT COMMITTEE AND THE CIRCUMLOCUTION BOARD
A Nation went to war against a rather ruthless foe; It hadn't any army, so it wondered who would go To do the deeds of valor which the crisis did require, To help the French to take the trench and do it under fire.
So Congress got together and the Senate did the same To raise a million soldiers who would put the foe to shame, ​ And they quickly passed the matter up, with one complete accord, To the Roundabout Committee and the Circumlocution Board.
Now the Roundabout Committee sat and talked for weeks and weeks On Methods of Preparedness among the Ancient Greeks While the Circumlocution Board it scratched its thoughtful double chin, And lingered late in wise debate on "Where Shall We Begin?"
A Patriot rushed in and cried, "The Foe is at our gate!" But the Circumlocution Board replied, "Just tell him, please, to wait. We're listening to an Army Plan devised by Senator Drool ​ To raise nine million soldiers through his Correspondence School."
Then the Patriot, who was hasty, raged and stamped upon his hat. "You're really doing nothing and you're taking years at that." Whereat the wise Committee bobbed its head and answered, "True. Take note of that, stenographer. That's what we're here to do."
A Military Training Bill the President did advise They set upon with pencils and reviewed with hostile eyes. "It is much too plain and simple. Let's revise it so and thus; We can jumble any issue, if you'll leave the job to us." ​ So at last the land grew weary and implored with shrieks and sobs, "Let our welfare be conducted by some men who know their jobs. Are our railroads run by poets? Or do cobblers harvest hay? Then in military matters why should windmills rule the day?"
But the question was so pointed and its moral so direct That it could not thread the labyrinthine hallways, we suspect, Leading to the Inner Sanctum of the Crooked Wooden Sword, Of the Roundabout Committee and the Circumlocution Board.
Wallace Irwin.
# Fifes and Drums/The War of Bread

THE WAR OF BREAD
"There shall be no unwarranted manipulation of the nation's food supply by those who handle it on the way to the consumer."—President Wilson.
Of all the wars that waste this world,  Where the life of man has bled, This is the war I most abhor—  The theft of the people's bread!
They who hold back what the kind Earth gave  In the billowing fields of grain, Are the cowardliest foe—for their secret blow  Strikes for their own base gain. ​ Arm of the law, reach forth in your might,  And the hidden stores unbind, And defeat their power who, at this hour,  Wage dastardly war on their kind!
Edith M. Thomas.
# Fifes and Drums/The Ultimate Argument

THE ULTIMATE ARGUMENT
Before the high court of King Lion the Strong The wily Hyena appeared with a throng Of Jackals as witnesses, charging the Ass With wronging him foully by eating the grass.
"This rogue," the Hyena indignantly cried, "Without any warrant express or implied, Devours the herbage so luscious and sweet And cruelly leaves me with nothing to eat. I pray the Court, therefore, to grant me relief, Including permission to dine on the thief."
The Ass pleaded humbly with down-hanging ears, (Addressing a Jury composed of his peers): "Dear friends, that I graze in the meadow is true, But not without warrant. My course I pursue ​ By right of a Document sealed with a Seal— King Solomon's firman which none may repeal."
"Ha!" snarled the Hyena; "but where is your proof?" "My warrant is writ," said the Ass, "on my hoof." "Indeed!" sneered the Plaintiff; "then show it, I beg." "Look well!" brayed the Ass, as he drew up a leg. Close peered the Hyena. The Ass gave a snort And kicked the Conspirator clean out of Court.
L'Envoi
While Patience is praiseworthy, even in Gath, And Sweetness may possibly turn away Wrath, The mildest can have but one answer to give Oppressors who question their title to live.
Arthur Guiterman.
# Fifes and Drums/The Young Blood Speaks

THE YOUNG BLOOD SPEAKS
Bon jour, Marcel! Your hand. At last our stars Have come to join your triple bars; We're here to fight with France— By God, give us the chance!— We heard the cries Of helpless children; saw the frightened eyes Of women shrinking from the maddened crew That swept their land; we felt The quiver of the tortured sod, and smelt The smoke of burning villages; we knew You needed us, that's what we're coming for— To stop this war.
Dis donc, Emile! We couldn't stand their cant: "God and the Fatherland." And trampling ​ Your tender soil for that! We're here to fling Their words back in their teeth. For us, we want Nothing that is our neighbor's; we have come To lead our stricken brothers and their women home, To smooth the scarred and broken earth, and plant The fields again. But—if we must— We'll deal first with those war-lords, break Their knees and bring them to the dust. For France's sake We'll fight until we drop. We're here to make them stop.
Allons! Leon, Gaspard! We'll help you win this war.
Mary Farley Sanborn.
# Fifes and Drums/To America

TO AMERICA
Yes, Mother, it is true; Bad daughters and worse sons we've been to you— Taking all, giving naught— Till we have brought You down to this. . . .
 You need A starker breed To cherish you and guard, Keep watch and ward, Or strike if strike they must! Mother, our shameful heads are in the dust— Abject— Before you. . . . ​ Too mild, too patient!—yet once more forgive Our faithless greed, young folly, old neglect! For though we perish from you, you shall live— Mother!—through humbled daughters who respect, Through chastened sons who serve you and adore you.
Lee Wilson Dodd.