# The Fauna of British India, including Ceylon and Burma/Birds/Volume 1

PELLORNEUM I. IGNOTUM, The Assam Babbler, $^3$⁄$_4$ life size.
THE FAUNA OF BRITISH INDIA,
INCLUDING
CEYLON AND BURMA.
Published under the Authority of the Secretary of State for India in Council.
EDITED BY SIR ARTHUR E. SHIPLEY, G.B.E., M.A., Sc.D.Cantab.,
HON. D.Sc. Princeton, HON. LL.D. Michigan, F.R.S.
BIRDS.—VOL. I.
(Second Edition.)
BY E. C. STUART BAKER, O.B.E., F.Z.S., Etc.
LONDON:
TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
July, 1922.
ALERE FLAMMAM.
PRINTED BY TAYLOR AND FRANCIS, RED LION COURT, FLEET STREET.
PREFACE.
The first volume by Mr. Oates on the Birds of British India was published in 1889 under the editorship of Dr. W. T. Blanford and it was then estimated that in this and the three succeeding volumes the number of species dealt with would exceed those enumerated in Jerdon's classical "Birds of India" by more than one half. Mr. Oates had been able to come to England on furlough and was thus able to utilize the collection of Indian birds in the British Museum, which included amongst other large collections Mr. Hume's collection of 60,000 skins. The second of the volumes written by Mr. Oates appeared the following year but as he was unable to obtain an extension of his two years' furlough he had to be content with issuing a somewhat smaller volume than usual. Still, he succeeded in covering the whole of the Passerine birds, the largest and most difficult of all the great orders.
The two remaining volumes on Birds were written by Dr. W. T. Blanford and published respectively in 1895 and 1898.
These volumes on Birds have been for many years out of print, and there has been a constant demand for a re-issue of them. It is therefore with great pleasure that with the sanction of the authorities of the India Office I have been able to secure the services of Mr. E. C. Stuart Baker in preparing this much needed new edition.
​Dr. Blanford died in 1905. For twenty-seven years he had been a member of the Indian Geological Society and had acquired a wide and deep knowledge of the geology of that great Empire. But he was a man of the utmost width of scientific interest. During his many journeys he kept a keen eye on the fauna of British India and it was this firsthand knowledge that enabled him so successfully to complete the great work begun by Mr. Gates. Dr. Blanford was an indefatigable worker and everything that he wrote was of the highest order of merit, marked by thoroughness and accuracy.
Mr. Gates survived his editor by six years. He had spent thirty-two years in the Public Works Department of India and had devoted all his spare time to the ornithology of British India. He was chiefly stationed in Burma and was undoubtedly the world's authority on the birds of that country. His "Birds of British Burma" in two volumes is still a standard work, though it has perhaps been to some extent replaced by his later work in "The Fauna of British India."
He is described by those who knew him as being a lovable but at times hot-tempered man; but officials who have spent a large part of their lives in the tropics are apt to be a little hot-tempered. The fact that Mr. A. O. Hume made over to Oates the whole of his notes and correspondence when the latter was preparing his work on "The Nests and Eggs of Indian Birds" testifies to the high regard he inspired in his contemporaries. On his retirement he was requested by the Trustees of the British Museum to catalogue their large collection of British eggs, and he prepared a manuscript of four volumes, covering about 50,000 specimens. The first two volumes of this catalogue were issued during his lifetime.
Both he and Dr. Blanford are splendid examples of men carrying on thorough scientific work in the rare and sporadic intervals of exacting, official duties.
​Those who are responsible for issuing these volumes may well congratulate themselves on having secured the services of Mr. E. C. Stuart Baker. Mr. Baker is well known to all those in India who take an interest in ornithology and big game shooting. He is equally known to Ornithologists all over the world as a regular contributor for more than thirty years to the "Ibis" and "Bombay Natural History Society's Journal." His volumes on Indian Game Birds are standard works and all who read these pages will recognise in his vivid descriptions of the habits and song of birds the work of a first-hand authority.
The author has produced a work which combines the highest scientific standard with a system which readily enables the sportsman or amateur to identify the various birds of British India. He has himself drawn attention to the imperative need of the trinominal system of nomenclature and he has modernised the generic and specific names in accordance with the rules of the International Congress.
In some cases it will be noticed that there is no name following the words "vernacular names." In these cases none have been recorded, but it is hoped that sportsmen and naturalists in India may in time be able to fill up these blanks. The extremely accurate and living drawings for the plates are the work of the author. They have been admirably reproduced by Messrs. Bale & Danielsson.
A. E. SHIPLEY.
* SYSTEMATIC INDEX.
* Page
* Order I. PASSERES............................................................10
* I. Family Corvidæ............................................................18
* 1. Genus Corvus Linn.............................................................20
* 1. corax Linn.............................................................21
* 1. corax laurencei (Hume)............................................................21
* 2. corax tibetanus (Hodgs.)............................................................23
* 3. corax ruficollis (Lesson)............................................................23
* 2. corone Linn.............................................................24
* 4. corone orientalis (Eversm.)............................................................24
* 3. coronoides Gould............................................................25
* 5. coronoides levaillanti (Less.)............................................................27
* 6. coronoides culminatus (Sykes)............................................................28
* 7. coronoides intermedius (Adams)............................................................28
* 8. coronoides andamanensis (Tytler)............................................................29
* 4. frugilegus Linn.............................................................30
* 9. frugilegus tschusii Hartert............................................................30
* 5. cornix Linn.............................................................32
* 10. cornix sharpii (Oates)............................................................32
* 6. splendens Vieill.............................................................32
* 11. splendens splendens (Vieill.)............................................................33
* 12. splendens zugmayeri (Laubm.)............................................................34
* 13. splendens isolens (Hume)............................................................34
* 14. splendens protegatus Madar.............................................................35
* 7. monedula Linn.............................................................36
* 15. monedula sœmmeringii (Fischer)............................................................36
* 2. Genus Pica Brisson............................................................37
* 8. pica (Linn.)............................................................38
* 16. pica bactriana Bonap.............................................................38
* 17. pica serica (Gould)............................................................39
* 18. pica bottanensis (Delessert)............................................................39
* 3. Genus Urocissa Cabanis............................................................40
* 9. melanocephala (Lath.)............................................................40
* 19. melanocephala melanocephala (Lath.)............................................................41
* 20. melanocephala occipitalis (Blyth)............................................................41
* 21. melanocephala magnirostris (Blyth)............................................................42
* 10. flavirostris (Blyth)............................................................43
* 22. flavirostris flavirostris (Blyth)............................................................43
* 23. flavirostris cucullata (Gould)............................................................44
* 4. Genus Cissa Boie............................................................45
* 11. chinensis (Bodd.)............................................................45
* 24. chinensis chinensis (Bodd.)............................................................45
* 12. ornata (Wagler)............................................................46
* 5. Genus Dendrocitta Gould............................................................47
* 13. rufa (Latham)............................................................48
* 25. rufa rufa (Latham)............................................................48
* 26. rufa vagabunda (Latham)............................................................50
* 27. rufa sclateri, subsp. nov.............................................................50
* 28. rufa kinneari, subsp. nov.............................................................51
* 29. rufa saturatior (Ticehurst)............................................................51
* 14. leucogastra Gould............................................................51
* 15. sinensis (Lath.)............................................................52
* 30. sinensis himalayensis (Blyth)............................................................52
* 31. sinensis assimilis (Hume)............................................................53
* 16. frontalis McClell.............................................................54
* 17. bayleyi Tytler............................................................55
* 6. Genus Crypsirhina Vieill.............................................................56
* 18. varians (Latham)............................................................56
* 19. cucullata Jerdon............................................................57
* 7. Genus Platysmurus Reich.............................................................58
* 20. leucopterus (Temm.)............................................................58
* 8. Genus Garrulus Briss.............................................................59
* 21. lanceolatus Vigors............................................................60
* 22. leucotis Hume............................................................61
* 32. leucotis leucotis (Hume)............................................................61
* 30. leucotis oatesi (Sharpe)............................................................62
* 23. bispecularis Vigors............................................................62
* 34. bispecularis bispecularis (Vigors)............................................................63
* 35. bispecularis interstinctus Hartert............................................................64
* 36. bispecularis persaturatus Hartert............................................................65
* 37. bispecularis haringtoni (Rippon)............................................................65
* 9. Genus Nucifraga Briss.............................................................66
* 24. caryocatactes Linn............................................................66
* 38. caryocatactes hemispila (Vigors)............................................................66
* 25. multipunctata Gould............................................................67
* 10. Genus Pyrrhocorax Vieill............................................................68
* 26. pyrrhocorax (Linn.)............................................................68
* 27. graculus (Linn.)............................................................70
* 11. Genus Podoces Fischer............................................................71
* 28. humilis Hume ............................................................71
* II. Family Paridæ............................................................72
* 12. Genus Parus Linn.............................................................73
* 29. major Linn.............................................................73
* 39. major cinereus (Vieill.)............................................................74
* 40. major intermedius (Sarudny)............................................................76
* 41. major kaschmiriensis Hartert............................................................76
* 42. major planorum Hartert............................................................77
* 43. major mahrattarum Hartert............................................................77
* 44. major tibetanus Hartert............................................................78
* 45. major commixtus (Swinhoe)............................................................78
* 30. nuchalis Jerdon............................................................79
* 31. monticolus Vigors............................................................80
* 46. monticolus monticolus (Vigors)............................................................80
* 32. cyanus Pallas............................................................81
* 47. cyanus tianschanicus Menzbier............................................................81
* 33. palustris Linn.............................................................82
* 48. palustris korejewi (Zarud. & Härms)............................................................82
* 49. palustris pœcilopsis (Sharpe)............................................................82
* 13. Genus Lophophanes Kaup............................................................83
* 34. melanolophus (Vigors)............................................................83
* 35. ater (Linn.)............................................................84
* 50. ater æmodius (Hodgs.)............................................................84
* 36. rubidiventris (Blyth)............................................................84
* 37. rufonuchalis (Blyth)............................................................85
* 51. rufonuchalis rufonuchalis (Blyth)............................................................85
* 52. rufonuchalis beavani (Blyth)............................................................86
* 38. dichrous (Hodgs.)............................................................86
* 53. dichrous dichrous (Hodgs.)............................................................87
* 54. dichrous wellsi Stuart Baker............................................................87
* 14. Genus Sylviparus Burton............................................................88
* 39. modestus Burton............................................................88
* 55. modestus modestus (Burton)............................................................88
* 56. modestus simlaensis Stuart Baker............................................................88
* 57. modestus saturatior (Rippon)............................................................89
* 15. Genus Machlolophus Cabanis............................................................89
* 40. spilonotus (Blyth)............................................................89
* 58. spilonotus spilonotus (Blyth)............................................................89
* 59. spilonotus subviridis (Tickell)............................................................91
* 41. xanthogenys (Vigors)............................................................91
* 60. xanthogenys xanthogenys (Vigors)............................................................91
* 61. xanthogenys aplonotus (Blyth)............................................................92
* 16. Genus Ægithaliscus Cabanis............................................................93
* 42. concinnus Gould............................................................93
* 62. concinnus iredalei Stuart Baker............................................................93
* 63. concinnus manipurensis (Hume)............................................................94
* 64. concinnus pulchellus (Rippon)............................................................95
* 65. concinnus talifuensis (Rippon)............................................................95
* 43. bonvaloti Oustalet............................................................96
* 66. bonvaloti bonvaloti (Oustalet)............................................................96
* 67. bonvaloti sharpei (Rippon)............................................................97
* 44. leucogenys (Moore)............................................................97
* 45. niveogularis (Moore)............................................................98
* 46. ioschistos (Hodgs.)............................................................99
* 17. Genus Remiz Stein.............................................................100
* 47. coronatus (Severtz.)............................................................100
* 18. Genus Melanochlora Lesson............................................................101
* 48. sultanea (Hodgs.)............................................................101
* 68. sultanea sultanea (Hodgs.)............................................................101
* 69. sultanea flavocristata (Lafres.)............................................................102
* III. Family Paradoxornithidæ............................................................103
* 19. Genus Costoma Hodgs.............................................................103
* 49. æmodium Hodgs.............................................................103
* 20. Genus Paradoxornis Gould............................................................105
* 50. flavirostris Gould............................................................105
* 51. guttaticollis David............................................................106
* 21. Genus Suthora Hodgs.............................................................107
* 52. unicolor (Hodgs.)............................................................108
* 53. nepalensis Hodgs.............................................................109
* 54. poliotis Blyth............................................................109
* 70. poliotis poliotis (Blyth)............................................................109
* 71. poliotis humii (Sharpe)............................................................110
* 72. poliotis feæ (Salvadoci)............................................................111
* 73. poliotis ripponi (Sharpe)............................................................111
* 55. gularis (Horsf.)............................................................111
* 74. gularis craddocki (Bingham)............................................................111
* 56. webbiana Slater............................................................112
* 75. webbiana brunnea (Anderson)............................................................112
* 57. fulvifrous Hodgs.............................................................113
* 76. fulivfrous fulvifrous (Hodgs.)............................................................113
* 58. ruficeps (Blyth)............................................................114
* 77. ruficeps ruficeps (Blyth)............................................................114
* 78. ruficeps atrosuperciliaris Godw.-Aust.............................................................114
* 22. Genus Neosuthora Hellmayr............................................................115
* 59. davidiana (Gray)............................................................115
* 79. davidiana thompsoni (Bingham)............................................................115
* 23. Genus Psittiparus Hellmayr............................................................116
* 60. ruficeps (Blyth)............................................................116
* 80. ruficeps ruficeps (Blyth)............................................................116
* 81. ruficeps bakeri (Hartert)............................................................116
* 61. gularis (Gray)............................................................118
* 82. gularis gularis (Gray)............................................................118
* 83. gularis transfluvialis (Hartert)............................................................118
* IV. Family Sittidæ............................................................120
* 24. Genus Sitta Linn.............................................................121
* 62. himalayensis Jard. & Selby............................................................122
* 63. victoriæ Rippon............................................................123
* 64. castaneiventris Frank.............................................................123
* 84. castaneiventris castaneiventris (Frank.)............................................................123
* 85. castaneiventris cinnamoventris (Blyth)............................................................125
* 86. castaneiventris neglecta (Wald.)............................................................126
* 65. europæa Linn.............................................................127
* 87. europæa nagaensis (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................127
* 66. kashmiriensis Brooks............................................................128
* 67. magna Wardl.- Ramsay............................................................128
* 68. neumayer Michahelles............................................................129
* 88. neumayer tephronota (Sharpe)............................................................129
* 69. leucopsis Gould............................................................130
* 89. leucopsis leucopsis (Gould)............................................................130
* 70. formosa Blyth............................................................131
* 71. frontalis Horsf.............................................................132
* 90. frontalis frontalis (Horsf.)............................................................132
* V. Family Timaliidæ............................................................134
* Subfamily Timaliinæ............................................................136
* 25. Genus Dryonastes Sharpe............................................................138
* 72. ruficollis (Jard. & Selby)............................................................139
* 73. nuchalis (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................140
* 74. chinensis (Scop.)............................................................141
* 91. chinensis leucogenys (Blyth)............................................................141
* 75. cærulatus (Hodgs.)............................................................141
* 92. cærulatus cærulatus (Hodgs.)............................................................141
* 93. cærulatus subcærulatus (Hume)............................................................142
* 94. cærulatus kaurensis (Rippon)............................................................143
* 76. sannio (Swinh.)............................................................144
* 77. galbanus (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................145
* 26. Genus Garrulax Lesson............................................................145
* 78. leucolophus (Hardw.)............................................................146
* 95. leucolophus leucolophus (Hardw.)............................................................146
* 96. leucolophus belangeri (Less.)............................................................148
* 97. leucolophus diardi (Less.)............................................................148
* 79. delesserti (Jerd.)............................................................149
* 80. pectoralis (Gould)............................................................150
* 98. pectoralis pectoralis (Gould)............................................................150
* 99. pectoralis semitorquata (Ogilvie-Grant)............................................................151
* 81. moniliger (Hodgs.)............................................................151
* 100. moniliger moniliger (Hodgs.)............................................................151
* 101. moniliger fuscata Stuart Baker............................................................152
* 82. gularis (McClell.)............................................................152
* 83. albogularis (Gould)............................................................153
* 102. albogularis albogularis (Gould)............................................................153
* 103. albogularis whistleri Stuart Baker............................................................154
* 84. strepitans Blyth............................................................154
* 27. Genus Ianthocincla Gould............................................................155
* 85. ocellata (Vigors)............................................................155
* 104. ocellata ocellata (Vigors)............................................................155
* 86. cineracea (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................156
* 105. cineracea cineracea (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................156
* 106. cineracea styani (Oustalet)............................................................157
* 87. rufogularis Gould............................................................158
* 107. rufogularis rufogularis (Gould)............................................................158
* 108. rufogularis assamensis Hartert............................................................159
* 109. rufogularis occidentalis Hartert............................................................159
* 88. austeni (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................160
* 110. austeni austeni (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................160
* 111. austeni victoriæ (Rippon)............................................................161
* 28. Genus Trochalopterum Hodgs.............................................................161
* 89. erythrocephalum (Vigors)............................................................162
* 112. erythrocephalum erythrocephalum (Vigors)............................................................163
* 113. erythrocephalum erythrolæma (Hume)............................................................164
* 114. erythrocephalum nigrimentum (Oates)............................................................164
* 115. erythrocephalum godwini Harington............................................................165
* 116. erythrocephalum woodi Stuart Baker............................................................166
* 117. erythrocephalum chrysopterum (Gould)............................................................166
* 118. erythrocephalum melanostigma (Blyth)............................................................167
* 119. erythrocephalum ramsayi (Ogilvie Grant)............................................................168
* 90. phœniceum (Gould)............................................................168
* 120. phœniceum phœniceum (Gould)............................................................168
* 121. phœniceum bakeri Hartert............................................................169
* 122. phœniceum ripponi (Oates)............................................................170
* 91. milnei David............................................................170
* 123. milnei sharpei (Rippon)............................................................170
* 92. subunicolor (Hodgs.)............................................................171
* 124. subunicolor subunicolor (Hodqs.)............................................................171
* 93. affine (Hodgs.)............................................................172
* 125. affine affine (Hodgs.)............................................................172
* 94. varigatum (Vigors)............................................................173
* 126. variegatum variegatum (Vigors)............................................................173
* 127- variegatum simile (Hume)............................................................174
* 95. squamatum (Gould)............................................................174
* 96. cachinnans Jerd.............................................................176
* 128. cachinnans cinnamomeum Davison............................................................177
* 97. jerdoni (Blyth)............................................................177
* 129. jerdoni jerdoni (Blyth)............................................................177
* 130. jerdoni fairbanki (Blanf.)............................................................178
* 131. jerdoni meridionale (Blanf.)............................................................178
* 98. virgatum Godw.-Aust.............................................................179
* 99. lineatum (Vigors)............................................................180
* 132. lineatum lineatum (Vigors)............................................................180
* 133. lineatum griseicentior (Hartert)............................................................181
* 134. lineatum gilgit (Hartert)............................................................182
* 135. lineatum ziaratensis (Ticehurst)............................................................182
* 136. lineatum imbricatum (Blyth)............................................................183
* 100. henrici Oustalet............................................................183
* 29. Genus Grammatoptila Reichenb.............................................................184
* 101. striata (Vigors)............................................................184
* 137. striata striata (Vigors)............................................................184
* 138. striata austeni (Oates)............................................................185
* 30. Genus Stactocicha Sharpe............................................................186
* 102. merulina (Blyth)............................................................186
* 139. merulina merulina (Blyth)............................................................186
* 31. Genus Babax David............................................................187
* 103. lanceolatus (Verr.)............................................................187
* 140. lanceolatus lanceolatus (Verr.)............................................................187
* 141. lanceolatus victoriæ (Rippon)............................................................188
* 104. waddelli Dresser............................................................189
* 32. Genus Turdoides Cretzschmar............................................................190
* 105. terricolor (Hodgs.)............................................................191
* 142. terricolor terricolor (Hodgs.)............................................................191
* 143. terricolor malabaricus (Jerd.)............................................................192
* 144. terricolor sindianus Ticehurst............................................................193
* 106. griseus (Gmel.)............................................................193
* 145. griseus griseus (Gmel.)............................................................193
* 146. griseus striatus (Swains.)............................................................194
* 107. somervillei (Sykes)............................................................194
* 108. rufescens (Blyth)............................................................195
* 109. cinereifrons (Blyth)............................................................196
* 33. Genus Argya Lesson............................................................196
* 110. earlii (Blyth)............................................................197
* 111. caudata (Dumont)............................................................198
* 147. caudata caudata (Dumont)............................................................198
* 148. caudata huttoni (Blyth)............................................................199
* 112. gularis (Blyth)............................................................199
* 113. malcolmi (Sykes)............................................................200
* 114. subrufa (Jerdon)............................................................201
* 115. longirostris (Hodgs.)............................................................202
* 34. Genus Acanthoptila Blyth............................................................203
* 116. nipalensis (Hodgs.)............................................................204
* 35. Genus Pomatorhinus Horsf.............................................................205
* 117. schisticeps Hodgs.............................................................205
* 149. schisticeps schisticeps (Hodgs.)............................................................206
* 150. schisticeps cryptanthus Hartert............................................................207
* 151. schisticeps mearsi (Ogilvie-Grant)............................................................207
* 152. schisticeps pinwiili (Sharpe)............................................................208
* 118. nuchalis Tweeddale............................................................208
* 119. olivaceus Blyth............................................................209
* 153. olivaceus olivaceus (Blyth)............................................................209
* 154. olivaceus ripponi (Harington)............................................................210
* 120. horsfieldi Sykes............................................................210
* 155. horsfieldi horsfieldi (Sykes)............................................................210
* 156. horsfieldi obscurus (Hume)............................................................211
* 157. horsfieldi travancoriensis Harington............................................................211
* 158. horsfieldi melanurus (Blyth)............................................................212
* 121. ferruginosus Blyth............................................................213
* 159. ferruginosus ferruginosus (Blyth)............................................................213
* 160. ferruginosus phayrei (Blyth)............................................................214
* 161. ferruginosus albigularis (Blyth)............................................................215
* 162. ferruginosus mariæ (Walden)............................................................215
* 122. ruficollis Hodgs.............................................................216
* 163. ruficollis ruficollis (Hodgs.)............................................................216
* 164. ruficollis bakeri Harington............................................................217
* 123. ochraceiceps Walden............................................................217
* 165. ochraceiceps ochraceiceps (Walden)............................................................217
* 166. ochraceiceps austeni (Hume)............................................................218
* 167. ochraceiceps stenorhynchus (Blyth)............................................................219
* 124. erythrogenys Vigors............................................................219
* 168. erythrogenys erythrogenys (Vigors)............................................................220
* 169. erythrogenys haringtoni (Stuart Baker)............................................................220
* 170. erythrogenys macclellandi (Jerdon)............................................................221
* 171. erythrogenys gravivox (David)............................................................221
* 172. erythrogenys imberbis (Salvad.)............................................................222
* 125. hypoleucus Blyth............................................................222
* 173. hypoleucus hypoleucus (Blyth)............................................................222
* 174. hypoleucus tickelli (Blyth)............................................................223
* 36. Genus Xiphiramphus Blyth............................................................224
* 126. superciliaris Blyth............................................................224
* 37. Genus Timalia Horsf.............................................................225
* 127. pileata Horsf.............................................................225
* 175. pileata bengalensis (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................226
* 176. pileata jerdoni (Walden)............................................................227
* 38. Genus Dumetia Blyth............................................................228
* 128. hyperythra (Frankl.)............................................................228
* 129. albigularis (Blyth)............................................................229
* 177. albigularis albigularis (Blyth)............................................................229
* 178. albigularis abuensis Harington............................................................230
* 39. Genus Gampsorhynchus Blyth............................................................230
* 130. rufulus Blyth............................................................231
* 179. rufulus rufulus (Blyth)............................................................231
* 180. rufulus torquatus (Hume)............................................................232
* 40. Genus Pyctorhis Hodgs.............................................................233
* 131. sinensis (Gmel.)............................................................233
* 181. sinensis sinensis (Gmel.)............................................................233
* 182. sinensis saturatior Ticehurst............................................................234
* 183. sinensis nasalis (Legge)............................................................235
* 132. altirostris (Jerd.)............................................................235
* 184. altirostris altirostris (Jerd.)............................................................235
* 185. altirostris griseigularis (Hume)............................................................236
* 186. altirostris scindicus Harington............................................................237
* 41. Genus Pellorneum Swainson............................................................237
* 133. ruficeps Swains.............................................................238
* 187. ruficeps ruficeps (Swains.)............................................................238
* 188. ruficeps subochraceum (Swinh.)............................................................239
* 189. ruficeps granti Harington............................................................240
* 190. ruficeps mandellii (Blanf.)............................................................240
* 191. ruficeps jonesi Stuart Baker............................................................241
* 192. ruficeps minus (Hume)............................................................242
* 134. palustre Jerdon............................................................242
* 135. ignotum Hume............................................................243
* 193. ignotum ignotum (Hume)............................................................243
* 194. ignotum cinnamomeum Rippon............................................................244
* 136. fuscicapillum (Blyth)............................................................245
* 195. fuscicapillum fuscicapillum (Blyth)............................................................245
* 196. fuscicapillum babaulti (Wells)............................................................245
* 137. nigricapitatum (Eyton)............................................................246
* 138. tickelli (Blyth)............................................................247
* 197. tickelli tickelli (Blyth)............................................................247
* 198. tickelli assamensis (Sharpe)............................................................248
* 42. Genus Cursonia Skinner............................................................248
* 139. crispifrons (Blyth)............................................................249
* 43. Genus Turdinulus Hume............................................................250
* 140. brevicaudatus (Blyth)............................................................251
* 199. brevicaudatus brevicaudatus (Blyth)............................................................251
* 200. brevicaudatus striatus ('Blyth)............................................................251
* 201. brevicaudatus venningi Harington............................................................252
* 141. roberti (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................253
* 202. roberti roberti (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................253
* 203. roberti guttaticollis (Ogilvie-Grant)............................................................254
* 142. epilepidotus (Ogilvie-Grant)............................................................254
* 204. epilepidotus davisoni (Ogilvie-Grant)............................................................254
* 205. epilepidotus bakeri Harington............................................................255
* 44. Genus Rimator Blyth............................................................255
* 143. malacoptilus Blyth............................................................255
* 45. Genus Horizillas Oberholser............................................................257
* 144. magna (Eyton)............................................................257
* 206. magna magna (Eyton)............................................................257
* 145. magnirostre (Moore)............................................................258
* 46. Genus Erythrocichla Sharpe............................................................258
* 146. bicolor (Less.)............................................................258
* 47. Genus Æthostoma Sharpe............................................................259
* 147. rostrata (Blyth)............................................................259
* 48. Genus Malacocincla Büttik.............................................................260
* 148. sepiaria (Blyth)............................................................260
* 207. sepiaria abboti (Blyth)............................................................260
* 49. Genus Thringorhina Oates............................................................261
* 149. oglei (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................262
* 150. guttata (Blyth)............................................................262
* 50. Genus Stachyris Hodgs.............................................................263
* 151. nigriceps Hodgs.............................................................264
* 208. nigriceps nigriceps (Hodgs.)............................................................264
* 209. nigriceps coltarti Harington............................................................265
* 210. nigriceps davisoni (Sharpe)............................................................265
* 152. chrysæa Blyth............................................................265
* 211. chrysæa chrysæa (Blyth)............................................................265
* 212. chrysæa binghami (Rippon)............................................................266
* 213. chrysæa assimilis (Walden)............................................................267
* 214. chrysæa chrysops Richmond............................................................267
* 51. Genus Stachyridopsis Sharpe............................................................267
* 153. ruficeps Blyth............................................................268
* 215. ruficeps ruficeps (Blyth)............................................................268
* 216. ruficeps bhamoensis Harington............................................................269
* 154. rufifrons (Hume)............................................................269
* 217. rufifrons rufifrons (Hume)............................................................269
* 218. rufifrons ambigua Harington............................................................270
* 155. pyrrhops (Blyth)............................................................271
* 52. Genus Cyanoderma Salvadori............................................................271
* 156. erythroptera (Blyth)............................................................271
* 219. erythroptera erythroptera (Blyth)............................................................271
* 53. Genus Mixornis Hodgs.............................................................272
* 157. rubricapilla Tickell............................................................272
* 220. rubricapilla rubricapilla (Tickell)............................................................273
* 221. rubricapilla minor (Gyldenstolpe)............................................................274
* 222. rubricapilla pileata (Blyth)............................................................274
* 54. Genus Aleippe Blyth............................................................275
* 158. nepalensis (Hodgs.)............................................................275
* 223. nepalensis nepalensis (Hodgs.)............................................................275
* 224. nepalensis fratercula (Rippon)............................................................277
* 159. poioicephala (Jerd.)............................................................277
* 225. poioicephala poioicephala (Jerd.)............................................................277
* 226. poioicephala brucei (Hume)............................................................278
* 227. poioicephala phayrei (Blyth)............................................................278
* 228. poioicephala davisoni (Harington)............................................................279
* 229. poioicephala haringtoniæ (Hartert)............................................................280
* 230. poioicephala magnirostris (Walden)............................................................280
* 55. Genus Rhopocichla Oates............................................................281
* 160. atriceps (Jerdon)............................................................281
* 231. atriceps atriceps (Oates)............................................................281
* 232. atriceps bourdilloni (Hume)............................................................282
* 233. atriceps nigrifrons (Blyth)............................................................282
* 56. Genus Schœniparus Hume............................................................283
* 161. dubius (Hume)............................................................283
* 234. dubius dubius (Hume)............................................................283
* 235. dubius mandelli (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................284
* 230. dubius genestieri (Oustalet)............................................................285
* 162. rufigularis (Mandelli)............................................................286
* 57. Genus Pseudominla Oates............................................................286
* 163. cinerea (Blyth)............................................................287
* 164. castaneiceps (Hodgs.)............................................................288
* 237. castaneiceps castaneiceps (Hodgs.)............................................................288
* 238. castaneiceps brunneicauda (Sharpe)............................................................289
* 58. Genus Fulvetta David & Oust.............................................................289
* 165. vinipecta (Hodgs.)............................................................290
* 239. vinipecta vinipecta (Hodgs.)............................................................290
* 240. vinipecta austeni (O.-Grant)............................................................291
* 241. vinipecta ripponi (Harington)............................................................291
* 166. manipurensis (O.-Grant)............................................................292
* 167. ruficapilla (Verreaux)............................................................292
* 242. ruficapilla sordidior (Rippon)............................................................292
* 59. Genus Lioparus Oates............................................................293
* 168. chrysotis (Hodgs.)............................................................293
* Subfamily Sibiinæ............................................................294
* 60. Genus Sibia Hodgson............................................................295
* 169. picaoides Hodgs.............................................................295
* 243. picaoides picaoides (Hodgs.)............................................................295
* 61. Genus Leioptila Blyth............................................................296
* 170. capistrata (Vigors)............................................................296
* 244. capistrata capistrata (Vigors)............................................................296
* 245. capistrata pallida Hartert............................................................298
* 171. gracilis (McClell.)............................................................298
* 172. melanoleuca (Tickell)............................................................299
* 246. melanoleuca melanoleuca (Tickell)............................................................299
* 247. melanoleuca radcliffei, ? subsp. nov.............................................................300
* 173. castanoptera (Salvadori)............................................................300
* 174. annectens (Blyth)............................................................300
* 248. annectens annectens (Blyth)............................................................300
* 249. annectens saturata (Walden)............................................................301
* 250. annectens davisoni (Hume)............................................................302
* 175. pulchella (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................302
* 251. pulchella pulchella (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................302
* 62. Genus Actinodura Gould............................................................303
* 176. egertoni Gould............................................................303
* 252. egertoni egertoni (Gould)............................................................303
* 253. egertoni khasiana (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................304
* 254. egertoni ripponi (O.-Grant)............................................................305
* 177. ramsayi Walden............................................................305
* 255. ramsayi ramsayi (Walden)............................................................305
* 256. ramsayi radcliffei Harington............................................................306
* 63. Genus Ixops Hodgs.............................................................307
* 178. nipalensis (Hodgs.)............................................................307
* 257. nipalensis nipalensis (Hodgs.)............................................................307
* 258. nipalensis waldeni (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................308
* 259. nipalensis poliotis (Rippon)............................................................309
* 260. nipalensis daﬂaensis (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................309
* 64. Genus Staphidia Swinhoe............................................................309
* 179. castaneiceps (Moore)............................................................310
* 180. striata (Blyth)............................................................311
* 261. striata striata (Blyth)............................................................311
* 262. striata rufigenis (Hume)............................................................311
* 65. Genus Siva Hodgs.............................................................312
* 181. strigula Hodgs.............................................................313
* 263. strigula strigula (Hodgs.)............................................................313
* 264. strigula castaneicauda (Hume)............................................................314
* 182. cyanouroptera Hodgs.............................................................314
* 265. cyanouroptera cyanouroptera (Hodgs.)............................................................314
* 266. cyanouroptera wingatei (O.-Grant)............................................................315
* 267. cyanouroptera sordida (Hume)............................................................316
* 268. cyanouroptera oatesi Harington............................................................316
* 66. Genus Yuhina Hodgs.............................................................316
* 183. gularis Hodgs.............................................................317
* 269. gularis gularis (Hodgs.)............................................................317
* 270. gularis yangpiensis (Sharpe)............................................................318
* 184. diademata (Verreaux)............................................................318
* 271. diademata ampelina (Rippon)............................................................318
* 185. occipitalis Hodgs.............................................................319
* 272. occipitalis occipitalis (Hodgs.)............................................................319
* 186. nigrimentum (Hodgs.)............................................................320
* 273. nigrimentum nigrimentum (Hodgs.)............................................................320
* 67 Genus Ixulus Hodgs.............................................................321
* 187. occipitalis (Blyth)............................................................321
* 188. flavicollis (Hodgs.)............................................................322
* 274. flavicollis flavicollis (Hodgs.)............................................................322
* 275. flavicollis baileyi Stuart Baker............................................................323
* 276. flavicollis harterti Harington............................................................323
* 189. humilis Hume............................................................324
* 277. humilis humilis (Hume)............................................................324
* 278. humilis clarkii (Oates)............................................................324
* 68. Genus Erpornis (Hodgs.)............................................................324
* 190. xantholeuca Hodgs.............................................................325
* 279. xantholeuca xantholeuca (Hodgs.)............................................................325
* Subfamily Liotrichinæ............................................................326
* 69. Genus Liothrix Swains.............................................................327
* 191. lutea (Scop.)............................................................327
* 280. lutea callipyga (Hodgs.)............................................................328
* 281. lutea yunnanensis Rothschild............................................................329
* 70. Genus Cutia Hodgs.............................................................329
* 192. nipalensis Hodgs.............................................................329
* 282. nipalensis nipalensis (Hodgs.)............................................................329
* 71. Genus Pteruthius Swains.............................................................330
* 193. erythropterus (Vigors)............................................................331
* 194. æralatus Tickell............................................................333
* 283. æralatus æralatus (Tickell)............................................................333
* 195. melanotis Hodgs.............................................................333
* 284. melanotis melanotis (Hodgs.)............................................................333
* 285. melanotis intermedius (Hume)............................................................335
* 196. xanthochloris Hodgs.............................................................335
* 286. xanthochloris xanthochloris (Hodgs.)............................................................335
* 287. xanthochloris occidentalis Harington............................................................336
* 72. Genus Hilarocichla Oates............................................................336
* 197. rufiventer (Blyth)............................................................337
* 73. Genus Aethorhynchus Sundevall............................................................337
* 198. lafresnayi Hartl.............................................................338
* 74. Genus Aegithina Vieill.............................................................339
* 199. tiphia Linn.............................................................339
* 288. tiphia tiphia (Linn.)............................................................340
* 289. tiphia zeylonica (Gmel.)............................................................342
* 290. tiphia humei, subsp. nov.............................................................342
* 200. viridissima (Bonap.)............................................................343
* 201. nigrolutea (Marshall)............................................................344
* 75. Genus Myzornis Hodgs.............................................................344
* 202. pyrrhoura Hodgs.............................................................345
* 76. Genus Chloropsis Jard. & Selby............................................................346
* 203. aurifrons (Temm.)............................................................346
* 291 aurifrons aurifrons (Temm.)............................................................346
* 292. aurifrons davidsoni Stuart Baker............................................................348
* 293 aurifrons inornata Kloss............................................................349
* 204. hardwickii Jard. & Selby............................................................349
* 294. hardwickii hardwickii (Jard. & Selby)............................................................349
* 205. icterocephala............................................................350
* 295. icterocephala chlorocephala (Wald.)............................................................350
* 206. viridis (Horsfield)............................................................351
* 296. viridis zosterops (Vigors)............................................................351
* 207. jerdoni (Blyth)............................................................352
* 208. cyanopogon (Temm.)............................................................353
* 77. Genus Mesia Hodgs.............................................................353
* 209. argentauris Hodgs.............................................................354
* 297. argentauris argentauris (Hodgs.)............................................................354
* 78. Genus Minla Hodgs.............................................................355
* 210. ignotincta Hodgs.............................................................355
* 79. Genus Hypocolius Bonap.............................................................356
* 211. ampelinus Bonap.............................................................357
* VI. Family Pycnonotidæ............................................................359
* 80. Genus Criniger Temm.............................................................361
* 212. tephrogenys (Jard. & Selby)............................................................362
* 298. tephrogenys tephrogenys (Jard. & Selby)............................................................362
* 299. tephrogenys flaveolus (Gould)............................................................363
* 300. tephrogenys burmanicus (Oates)............................................................364
* 301. tephrogenys griseiceps (Hume)............................................................365
* 302. tephrogenys grandis (Stuart Baker)............................................................365
* 81. Genus Tricholestes Salvadori............................................................366
* 213. criniger (Blyth)............................................................366
* 303. criniger criniger (Blyth)............................................................366
* 82. Genus Alophoixus Oates............................................................367
* 214. phæocephalus Hartl.............................................................368
* 83. Genus Microscelis Gray............................................................368
* 215. psaroides (Vigors)............................................................369
* 304. psaroides psaroides (Vigors............................................................369
* 305. psaroides nigrescens (Stuart Baker)............................................................371
* 306. psaroides concolor (Blyth)............................................................372
* 307. psaroides ganeesa (Sykes)............................................................372
* 84. Genus Cerasophila Bingham............................................................373
* 216. thompsoni Bingham............................................................373
* 85. Genus Hemixus Hodgs.............................................................374
* 217. flavala Hodgs.............................................................374
* 308. flavala flavala (Hodgs.)............................................................374
* 309. flavala davisoni (Hume)............................................................376
* 310. flavala hildebrandi (Hume)............................................................376
* 218. macclellandi (Horsf.)............................................................377
* 311. macclellandi macclellandi (Horsf.)............................................................377
* 312. macclellandi tickelli (Blyth)............................................................378
* 313. macclellandi binghami (Hartert)............................................................379
* 86. Genus Alcurus Hodgs.............................................................379
* 219. striatus (Blyth)............................................................379
* 87. Genus Molpastes Hume............................................................381
* 220. hæmorrhous (Gmel.)............................................................383
* 314. hæmorrhous hæmorrhous (Gmel.)............................................................383
* 315. hæmorrhous pallidus Stuart Baker............................................................385
* 316. hæmorrhous burmanicus (Sharpe)............................................................385
* 317. hæmorrhous nigripileus (Blyth)............................................................386
* 318. hæmorrhous chrysorrhoides (Lafr.)............................................................387
* 319. hæmorrhous bengaleusis (Blyth)............................................................387
* 320. hæmorrhous intermedius (Jerdon)............................................................389
* 221. leucogenys (Gray)............................................................389
* 321. leucogenys leucogenys (Gray)............................................................389
* 322. leucogenys leucotis (Gould)............................................................390
* 323. leucogenys humii (Oates)............................................................391
* 88. Genus Xanthixus Oates............................................................392
* 222. flavescens (Blyth)............................................................392
* 324. flavescens flavescens (Blyth)............................................................392
* 325. flavescens viridus Stuart Baker............................................................393
* 89. Genus Otocompsa Cabanis............................................................394
* 223. emeria (Linn.)............................................................394
* 326. emeria emeria (Linn.)............................................................394
* 327. emeria fuseicaudata (Gould)............................................................396
* 328. emeria peguensis, subsp. nov............................................................396
* 224. flaviventris (Tick.)............................................................397
* 329. flaviventris flaviventris (Tick.)............................................................397
* 330. flaviventris minor Kloss............................................................398
* 90. Genus Pinarocichla Sharpe............................................................399
* 225. cutilota (Jard. & Selby)............................................................399
* 91. Genus Spizixus Blyth............................................................400
* 226. canifrons Blyth............................................................400
* 331. canifrons canifrons (Blyth)............................................................400
* 92. Genus Trachycomus Cabanis............................................................402
* 227. ochrocephalus (Gmel.)............................................................402
* 93. Genus Iole Blyth............................................................403
* 228. malaecensis (Blyth)............................................................404
* 332. malaecensis malaecensis (Blyth)............................................................404
* 229. icterica (Strickl.)............................................................405
* 230. olivacea (Blyth)............................................................405
* 333. olivacea virescens (Blyth)............................................................406
* 334. olivacea cinnamomeoventris Stuart Baker............................................................407
* 335. olivacea lönbergi (Gyldenstolpe)............................................................408
* 231. nicobariensis (Horsf. & Moore)............................................................408
* 94. Genus Rubigula Blyth............................................................409
* 232. squamata (Temminck)............................................................409
* 336. squamata webberi (Hume)............................................................409
* 95. Genus Pycnonotus Kuhl............................................................410
* 233. goiavier (Scop.)............................................................410
* 337. goiavier analis (Horsf.)............................................................410
* 234. aurigaster (Vieill.)............................................................411
* 338. aurigaster xanthorrhous (Anderson)............................................................411
* 235. finlaysoni Strickl.............................................................412
* 339. finlaysoni finlaysoni (Strickl.)............................................................412
* 340. finlaysoni davisoni (Hume)............................................................413
* 236. melanicterus (Gmel.)............................................................414
* 237. xantholæmus (Gould)............................................................415
* 238. gularis (Gould)............................................................415
* 239. cyaniventris Blyth............................................................416
* 341. cyaniventris cyaniventris (Blyth)............................................................416
* 240. luteolus (Less.)............................................................417
* 241. plumosus Blyth............................................................418
* 342. plumosus plumosus (Blyth)............................................................419
* 343. plumosus robinsoni (O.-Grant)............................................................420
* 344. plumosus blandfordi (Jerdon)............................................................420
* 242. simplex Less.............................................................421
* 345. simplex simplex (Less.)............................................................421
* 243. erythrophthalmus (Hume)............................................................422
* 346. erythrophthalmus erythrophthalmus (Hume)............................................................422
* 96. Genus Microtarsus Eyton............................................................422
* 244. melanocephalus (Gmel.)............................................................423
* 347. melanocephalus melanocephalus (Gmel.)............................................................423
* 348. melanocephalus fusciflavescens (Hume)............................................................425
* 245. poiocephalus (Jerdon)............................................................425
* 246. cinereiventris (Blyth)............................................................426
* 97. Genus Kelaartia (Blyth)............................................................426
* 247. penicillata (Blyth)............................................................427
* VII. Family Certhiidæ............................................................428
* 98. Genus Certhia Linn.............................................................428
* 248. himalayana Vigors............................................................429
* 349. himalayana himalayana (Vigors)............................................................430
* 350. himalayana tænura (Severtz.)............................................................431
* 351. himalayana yunnanensis (Sharpe)............................................................432
* 352. himalayana intermedia Kinnear............................................................432
* 249. familiaris Linn.............................................................432
* 353. familiaris nepalensis (Blyth)............................................................433
* 354. familiaris khamensis (Bianchi)............................................................434
* 355. familiaris hodgsoni (Brooks)............................................................434
* 250. discolor (Blyth)............................................................435
* 356. discolor discolor (Blyth............................................................435
* 357. discolor manipurensis (Hume)............................................................437
* 358. discolor victoriæ (Rippon)............................................................437
* 359. discolor fuliginosa, subsp. nov.............................................................438
* 251. stoliczkæ Brooks............................................................438
* 99. Genus Salpornis Gray............................................................439
* 252. spilonotus Frank.............................................................439
* 100. Genus Tichodroma Illiger............................................................441
* 253. muraria (Linn.)............................................................441
* VIII. Family Troglodytidæ............................................................444
* 101. Genus Troglodytes Vieill.............................................................444
* 254. troglodytes (Linn.)............................................................445
* 360. troglodytes nipalensis (Hodgs.)............................................................445
* 361. troglodytes talifuensis (Sharpe)............................................................446
* 362. troglodytes neglectus (Brooks)............................................................446
* 363. troglodytes tibetanus (Walton)............................................................448
* 102. Genus Elachura Oates............................................................448
* 255. formosa (Walden)............................................................449
* 256. haplonota Stuart Baker............................................................450
* 103. Genus Spelæornis Sharpe............................................................451
* 257. longicaudatus (Moore)............................................................451
* 364. longicaudatus longicaudatus (Moore)............................................................452
* 365, longicaudatus chocolatinus (Godw.-Aust.)............................................................453
* 366. longicaudatus sinlumensis (Harington)............................................................453
* 367. longicaudatus kauriensis (Harington)............................................................454
* 368. longicaudatus reptatus (Bingham)............................................................455
* 369. longicaudata oatesi (Rippon)............................................................455
* 258. caudatus (Blyth)............................................................456
* 104. Genus Pnoepyga Hodgs.............................................................457
* 259. squamata (Gould)............................................................458
* 370. squamata squamata (Gould)............................................................458
* 260. pusilla Hodgs.............................................................459
* 371. pusilla pusilla Hodgs.............................................................459
* 105. Genus Sphenocichla Godwin-Austen & Walden............................................................460
* 261. humei (Mandelli)............................................................461
* 262. roberti Godw.-Austen & Walden............................................................461
* 106. Genus Tesia Hodgs.............................................................462
* 263. cyaniventer Hodgs.............................................................463
* 372. cyaniventer cyaniventer (Hodgs.)............................................................463
* 264. castaneocoronata (Burton)............................................................465
* 373. castaneocoronata castaneocoronata (Burton)............................................................465
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1944, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 79 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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