OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Coutts, John

​COUTTS, JOHN (1699–1751), merchant and banker, and lord provost of Edinburgh, eldest son of Patrick Coutts, a tradesman in Edinburgh, and formerly of Montrose, by his wife, Christina Smith, was born on 28 July 1699. He entered into business as commission agent and dealer in grain, and rapidly acquiring capital became a negotiator of bills, a business which the banks had not yet taken up. In 1730 he entered the town council, and in 1742 was elected lord provost, when he sustained the dignity at great expense, conducting the banquetings in his own dwelling. He held office till 1744, having been once re-elected. He was a great encourager of the fine arts. He died at Nola, near Naples, in 1751, at the age of fifty-two. By his wife Jean Stuart, who died in 1736, he had five sons and a daughter, his two sons James and Thomas [q. v.] being founders of the banking house of Coutts & Co. His portrait, painted by Allan Ramsay, belonged to the Baroness Burdett-Coutts.
[Rogers's Genealogical Memoirs of the Families of Colt and Coutts, 1879, pp. 16, 18–21.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cove, Morgan

​COVE, MORGAN (1753?–1830), divine, was born in or about 1753. He received his academical education at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, where he was admitted sizar on 7 Nov. 1768, scholar on 15 Jan. 1770, fellow-commoner on 26 Nov. 1775, and proceeded LL.B. in 1776 (College Admission Book). He was incorporated of Magdalen Hall, Oxford, on 19 Jan. 1810, and became a grand compounder for the degree of D.C.L. on 1 Feb. following. In 1795, when residing at Helston, Cornwall, he published anonymously an ‘Essay on the Revenues of the Church of England, with an Inquiry into the … Abolition or Commutation of Tithes’ (second edition, with author's name, 1797; third edition, 1816), wherein he showed himself a vigorous apologist for the existing arrangements in the revenues of the church. The pamphlet attracted much attention, and in the year of its publication the author was collated to the vicarage of Sithney, Cornwall, by Dr. Buller, the then bishop of Exeter. Four years later, in 1799, he was presented to the rectory of Eaton-Bishop, Herefordshire, by Bishop Butler, who also gave him on 12 April 1800 the prebend of Withington Parva, and on 23 March 1801 translated him to the prebend of Gorwall and Overbury in Hereford Cathedral. On 1 Oct. 1828 he was appointed chancellor of the choir, an office he continued to hold until his death, which occurred at Hereford on 9 April 1830 at the age of seventy-seven. Besides the above-mentioned work Cove published ‘An Inquiry into the Necessity, Justice, and Policy of a Commutation of Tithes,’ 8vo, London, Hereford [printed], 1800. Both pamphlets, ‘corrected and greatly enlarged,’ were reissued in one volume in 1817.
[Gent. Mag. c. i. 648; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), i. 494, 507, 533.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Covell, William

​COVELL, WILLIAM, D.D. (d. 1614?), divine, a native of Chatterton, Lancashire, received his academical education at Christ's College, Cambridge, and was elected a fellow of Queens' College in that university in July 1589. The dates of his degrees are as follows: B.A. 1584, M.A. 1588, D.D. 1601. On 2 Jan. 1595–6 Dr. Goade, vice-chancellor of the university, complained to Lord Burghley that Covell, in a sermon at St. Mary's, had railed against noblemen and bishops (Lands. MS. 80, art. 53; Heywood and Wright, University Transactions, ii. 87). He was collated by the Archbishop of Canterbury to the vicarage of Sittingbourne, Kent, 27 Jan. 1602–3, and he also held the living of Leaveland in the same county, resigning it on 9 May 1603. He was appointed sub-dean of Lincoln 11 Sept. 1609. In the following year he was nominated one of the original fellows of ‘King James's College at Chelsea,’ which was founded by Dr. Matthew Sutcliffe for the maintenance of polemical divines who were to be employed in writing against the doctrines of the Roman catholic church (Faulkner, Chelsea, ii. 225). He was collated to the prebend of All Saints in Hungate, in the church of Lincoln, 22 Sept. 1612, and he probably died in 1614, in which year his successor in that dignity was nominated.
His works are: 1. ‘A Just and Temperate Defence of the Five Books of Ecclesiastical ​Polity, written by Mr. Richard Hooker; against an uncharitable “Letter of certain English Protestants (as they call themselves) craving resolution in some matters of doctrine,”’ London, 1603, 4to; reprinted in vol. ii. of Hanbury's edition of Hooker's ‘Works,’ ii. 449–568. 2. ‘A modest and reasonable Examination of some things in vse in the Church of England, sundrie times heretofore misliked, and now lately, in a Booke called the (Plea of the Innocents) and an Assertion for true and Christian Church Policy,’ London, 1604, 4to. 3. ‘A briefe Answer vnto certaine Reasons by way of an Apologie deliuered to the Right Reuerend Father in God, the L. Bishop of Lincolne, by Mr. Iohn Bvrges,’ London, 1606, 4to.
[Carter's Univ. of Cambridge, pp. 180, 233; Richardson's Athenæ Cantab. MS. p. 46; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), ii. 41, 101; Horne's Cat. of Library of Queens' Coll. Camb. p. 98; Cooper's MS. Collections for Athenæ Cantab.; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit Mus.; Watt's Bibl. Brit.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Couse, Kenton

​COUSE, KENTON (1721–1790), architect, received his training as an architect under Mr. Flitcroft of the board of works, and was subsequently introduced into that establishment; eventually he rose to be first clerk of the works and secretary to the board. In 1782, on the remodelling of the office, he was reappointed as examining clerk. For several years he was surveyor to the Goldsmiths' Company, and also enjoyed a very extensive practice as an architect both of a public and private character, gaining the esteem and credit of all parties with whom he was connected. Among the buildings designed by him may be noted the bridge over the Thames at Richmond (erected 1774–7); St. Paul's Church, Clapham Common; Botley House, Chertsey, &c. Couse married, 23 June 1750, at St. Mary Woolnoth, London, Miss Sarah Hamilton, and died in Scotland Yard 10 Oct. 1790 in his seventieth year. He left three children, Captain Charles Couse, R.N., and two daughters, the elder of whom was married to Sir C. Pegge.
[Redgrave's Dict. of English Artists; Gent. Mag. (1790), lx. 959; Chambers's Collections (MS.) for a Biography of British Architects; Registers of St. Mary Woolnoth.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Coutts, Thomas

​COUTTS, THOMAS (1735–1822), founder with his brother James of the banking house of Coutts & Co. in the Strand, was the fourth son of Lord-provost John Coutts of Edinburgh [q. v.], and was born on 7 Sept. 1735. He was educated at the high school of Edinburgh. On the death of his brother James in 1778 he remained sole partner of the banking house in the Strand. He became the banker of George III, and of a large number of the aristocracy. He was a gentleman of wide accomplishments, and very charitable. While admitted into the highest circles, he was of economical habits, and amassed a fortune to the value of about 900,000l. He died on 24 Feb. 1822. By his first wife, Susan Starkie, a servant of his brother, he had three daughters: Susan, married in 1796 to George Augustus, third earl of Guilford; Frances, married in 1800 to John, first marquis of Bute; and Sophia, married in 1793 to Sir Francis Burdett, bart. [q. v.] Three months after the death of his first wife, in 1815, he married Harriet Mellon, an actress, to whom he bequeathed the bulk of his property (cf. Notes and Queries, 6th ser. v. 108, 152). She married the ninth Duke of St. Albans, and died in 1837.
[Rogers's Families of Colt and Coutts, 1879, pp. 22–6; Life of Thomas Coutts, 1822; Gent. Mag. new ser. xxxi. 382; F. G. H. Price's London Bankers, pp. 44–5; Chambers's Eminent Scotsmen (Thomson), i. 389–90.]
T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Courtney, Edward

Edward Leedes in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​COURTNEY, EDWARD (1599?–1677), a jesuit, whose real name was Leedes, was the son of Sir Thomas Leedes, K.B., by Mary, daughter and heiress of Thomas Leedes of Northamilford, Yorkshire. He was born at Wappingthorne, the family seat in Sussex, in or about 1599. His father, having embraced the catholic religion, voluntarily left this country and settled at Louvain. Edward, ​after studying classics in the college of St. Omer, entered the English college, Rome, for his higher course, as a convictor or boarder, under the name of Courtney, on 9 Oct. 1618 (Foley, Records, vi. 287). He joined the Society of Jesus at St. Andrew's in Rome in 1621, and was professed of the four vows in 1634 (Oliver, Jesuit Collections, p. 77). In the latter year he was arrested in London, and committed to the Gatehouse prison upon a charge of having written against the condemned oath of supremacy (Panzani, Memoirs, pp. 156, 162, 169, 177; Foley, Records, i. 251 et seq.) He was rector of the college of St. Omer (1646–9), twice rector of the English college, Rome, provincial of the English province of his order (1660–4), and then rector of the college of Liège. He died at St. Omer on 3 Oct. 1677.
He is the author of: 1. ‘Thysia Philosophica, sive læta Disciplinarum oblatio. Illustriss. Principi Gvidoni Bentivolio S.R.E. Card. Ampliss. Ad concentus musicos expressa, cum sub fœlicissimis illius auspiciis de vniuersa Philosophia disputaret in Collegio Anglicano,’ Rome, 1621, 4to. 2. ‘In fvnere Elisabethæ a Lotharingia Bavariæ Ducis Oratio,’ Liège, 1635, 4to. 3. ‘R. P. Petri Writi, Sacerdotis Angli è Soc. Jesu, Mors, quam ob fidem passus est Londini, 29 Maii 1651,’ Antwerp, 1651, 12mo (a translation of this biography of Peter Wright is printed in Foley's ‘Records,’ ii. 506–65). 4. ‘Manipulus regius Heroidum sanctarum Britanniæ Serenissimæ Suecorum Reginæ Christinæ oblatus cum Collegium Anglicanum inuiseret,’ Rome, 1656, fol. (Southwell, Bibl. Script. Soc. Jesu, 185). 5. ‘Regiis Angliæ Divis Dithyrambus præside Octavio Card. Bandino in Disput. Thomæ Grini Coll. Angl. Alum. emodulatus,’ 4to (Backer, Bibl. des Écrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus, ed. 1869, i. 1434).
[Authorities cited above.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, John (1783-1841)

​MARSHALL, JOHN (1783–1841), statistical writer, born in 1783, was for many years a supernumerary at the home office. In 1831 he was employed on the commission to inspect the boundaries of the cities and boroughs, for purposes of the Reform Bill, and made some disingenuous efforts to secure the enfranchisement of a few very small places. Marshall was subsequently made an inspector of factories. He died on 11 March 1841 in Stamford Street, Blackfriars.
Marshall compiled:
* 'Topographical and Statistical Details of the county of Berks; exhibiting the population at each of the three periods 1801, 1811, and 1831,' 8vo, London, 1830.
* ' An Account of the Population in each of six thousand of the towns and parishes in England and Wales, as returned to Parliament at each of the three periods 1801, 1811, and 1831,' 4to. London, 1831.
* 'Alphabetical Index to the Topographical and Statistical Details in each of the 466 parishes, chantries, and townships in the County Palatine of Lancaster,' 8to, London, 1832.
* 'Mortality of the Metropolis, 1639-1831,' 4to, London, 1832.
* 'Topographical and Statistical Details of the Metropolis, showing the Population as returned to Parliament... 1801. 1811, 1821, and 1831,' 8vo, London, 1832.
* 'A Digest of all the Accounts relating to the Population, Productions, Revenues, Financial Operations, Manufactures. Shipping, Colonies, Commerce of the United Kingdom,' 2 pts. 4to, London, 1833. Three thousand copies of this book, on the motion of Joseph Hume [q. v.], were purchased by the government at two guineas each, and distributed among the members of both houses of parliament, who treated them with the disrespect incidental to parliamentary papers.
* 'An Analysis and Compendium of all the Returns made to Parliament (since the commencement of the nineteenth century) relating to the Increase of Population in Great Britain and Ireland,' 4to, London, 1835. Marshall also supervised a 'remodelled edition' of Brookes's 'London General Gazetteer,' 8vo, 1831.
[Gent. Mag. 1841, pt. i. pp. 548-9.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, Nathaniel

​MARSHALL, NATHANIEL, D.D. (d. 1730), divine, a native of Middlesex, was entered a pensioner of Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 8 July 1696. He was admitted to the degree of LL.B. in 1702, and afterwards took holy orders. In 1712 he preached before the Sons of the Clergy. He was lecturer at Aldermanbury Church, and curate of Kentish Town in January 1714-15, when, at the recommendation of the Prince of Wales, who admired his preaching, he was appointed one of the king's chaplains. On 26 March. 1716 he became rector of the united parishes of St. Vedast, Foster Lane, and St. Michaelle-Querne, in the city of London (Malcolm, Londinium Redivivum, iv. 637); and in 1717 he was created D.D. at Cambridge by royal mandate. He was appointed canon of Windsor by patent dated 1 May 1722 (Le Neve, Fasti, ed. Hardy, iii. 407). He was also lecturer of the united parishes of St. Laurence Jewry and St. Martin, Ironmonger Lane. He died on 5 Feb. 1729-30, and was buried at St. Pancras.
By his wife Margaret he had eight children, the eldest of whom was in 1730 rector of St. John the Evangelist.
His publications are: 1. 'The Penitential Discipline of the Primitive Church, for the first 400 Years after Christ: together with its Declension from the Fifth Century, downwards to its Present State, impartially represented, by a Presbyter of the Church of England,' London, 1714, 8vo; reprinted in the 'Library of Anglo-Catholic Theology,' Oxford, 1844, 8vo. 2. 'A Defence of our Constitution in Church and State: or an Answer to the late Charge of the Non-Jurors, accusing us of Heresy and Schism, Perjury and Treason/ London, 1717, 8vo. 'Some Remarks' on this work, by Dr. A. A. Sykes, appeared in 1717; a 'Short Answer' is appended to Matthew Barbery's 'Admonition to Dr. Kennet,' 1717; and Hilkiah Bedford published, anonymously, 'A Vindication of the late Archbishop Sancroft and of ... the rest of the Depriv'd Bishops from the Reflections of Mr. Marshal in his Defence, &c. ,' London, 1717, 8vo. 3. 'The Genuine Works of St. Cyprian, with his Life, written by his own Deacon Pontius: all done into English from the Oxford edition, and illustrated with notes. To which is added, a Dissertation upon the case of heretical and schismatical Baptisms at the close of the Council of Carthage in 256; whose Acts are herewith published,' 2 parts, London, 1717, fol. In the judgment of Dr. Adam Clarke, Marshall in​jured the work by displaying too boldly his party prejudices (Whiston, Memoirs of Clarke, 3rd edit. p. 99). 4. 'Sermons on Several Occasions,' 3 vols. London, 1731, 8vo, published by subscription by his widow, with a dedication to the queen. An additional volume was published by the Rev. T. Archer, M.A., from the author's original manuscripts, London, 1750, 8vo. Of Marshall's many separately published sermons, one entitled ' The Royal Pattern,' on the death of Queen Anne, passed through five editions in 1714; his funeral sermon on Richard Blundel, surgeon, 1718, is reprinted in Wilford's 'Memorials and Characters,' p. 411; and his sermon on the death of John Rogers, 1729, elicited 'Some Remarks' from 'Philalethes.'
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, John (1534-1597)

​MARSHALL, JOHN (1534–1597), catholic divine. [See Martiall.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, John (1757-1825)

​MARSHALL, JOHN (1757–1825), village pedagogue, son of John Marshall, a timber merchant, was born in 1757 at Newcastle-on-Tyne, and received a good classical education at the grammar school there, under the Rev. Hugh Moises [q. v.] After the early death of his parents he lost both money and friends in some disastrous commercial ventures; adopted, but soon tired of a seafaring life; and, in August 1804, set out from his native town with the intention of seeking a post as a village schoolmaster in the lake district. Through a friend named Crossthwaite, proprietor of 'the Museum of Natural and Artificial Curiosities' at Keswick, he obtained a post in the neighbouring hamlet of Newlands, and began teaching in the chapel vestry at a salary of 10l., with board and lodging, 'at which,' he says, 'I was as much elated as if I had been appointed a teller of the exchequer.' In 1805 he filled a vacancy in the school at Lowes water, with a slightly increased salary. There, 'in the neat cottage of Mary of Buttermere' notorious on account of her unfortunate marriage to 'that accomplished villain, 'Colonel' Hope [see Hatfield, John]), he describes himself as spending the evenings after a convivial fashion in the company of a friendly curate. In 1817 he opened a school at Newburn; in 1819 he sought shelter in the Westgate Hospital, and in January 1821 was appointed governor (or head almoner) of the Jesus or Freeman's Hospital in the Manor Chare, Newcastle. There he died, on 19 Aug. 1825. He is said ​to have much fugitive verse, but only published 'The Village Pedagogue, a Poem, and other lesser Pieces; together with a Walk from Newcastle to Keswick,' 2nd ed. Newcastle, 1817, 8vo. The last piece, in prose, is partly autobiographical, and the whole volume rhapsodically descriptive of the lake scenery. There is attributed to him in the 'British Museum Catalogue,' 'The Right of the People of England to Annual Parliaments vindicated. … From the most authentic records,' Newcastle, 1819. This was probably the production of a namesake, John Marshall, a Newcastle printer. The sister of Marshall's father was mother of the Rev. George Walker (1735-1807) [q. v.]
[Newcastle Magazine, October 1825; Richardson's Table Book, iii. 316; Mackenzie's Hist. of Newcastle, p. 628; Newcastle Courant, 27 Aug. 1835.]
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, John (1784?-1837)

​MARSHALL, JOHN (1784?–1837), lieutenant in the navy and author, has himself recorded that he 'went to sea at nine years of age, and served during the whole of the late war in vessels of a class to which no schoolmaster is allowed' (Preface to Royal Naval Biography, 1823), that is, in sloops, cutters, or other small craft. He was therefore probably born in 1784, and first went to sea in 1793. At the conclusion of the war he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant 14 Feb. 1815, and was shelved. It was understood that the step might be counted as a retiring pension.
Marshall began in 1823 the publication of the 'Royal Naval Biography, or Memoirs of the Services of all the Flag-Officers … Post Captains, and Commanders whose names appeared on the Admiralty List of Sea Officers at the commencement of the present year (1823), or who have since been promoted.' The work was continued till 1836, extending to twelve octavo volumes; which he distinguished by a very puzzling notation; vol. ii., for instance, is 'vol. i. part ii.;' vol. v. is 'Supplement, part i.;' vol. viii. is 'Supplement, part iv.;' and vol. ix. is 'vol. iii. part i.' It is generally bound and lettered in twelve volumes. It has no pretensions to literary merit, and the author seldom attempts any critical judgment of the conduct he describes, On the other hand, many of the lives were evidently contributed by the officers themselves, and though events are thus sometimes described in too favourable a manner, there are commonly interspersed in them copies of official or private letters, and other documents, which give a very real value to the work. Marshall died in the beginning of 1837.
[Navy List; Roy. Nav. Biog.]
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, John (1794-1868)

​MARSHALL, JOHN, Lord Curriehill (1794–1868), Scottish judge, son of John Marshall of Garlieston, Wigtonshire, by Marion, daughter of Henry Walker, was born in Wigtonshire on 7 Jan. 1794. His family were in poor circumstances, and he walked from his native place to Edinburgh in order to attend the university. He was in November 1818 called to the Scottish bar, and the proceeds of an extensive practice enabled ​him in course of time to purchase the estate of Curriehill in Midlothian. In March 1852 he was elected dean of the Faculty of Advocates, and on 3 Nov. in the same year a judge of the court of session, with the title of Lord Curriehill. He was well read in the laws relating to heritage, and his English was always precise, clear, and elegant. His interlocutor in the Yelverton case was a good example of his literary style. In October 1868 he retired from office, and on 27 Oct. died at his seat, Curriehill. In 1826 he married Margaret, daughter of the Rev. Andrew Bell of Kilcunean, minister of Crail, Fifeshire; she died in November 1866. His son, John Marshall, a barrister in 1851, became a judge of the court of session, with the title of Lord Curriehill, on 29 Oct. 1874, and died on 5 Nov. 1881, aged 54.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Marshall, Thomas Falcon

​MARSHALL, THOMAS FALCON (1818–1878), artist, born at Liverpool in December 1818, early showed great promise as an artist. His practice chiefly lay in Manchester and his native town. To the Liverpool Academy Exhibition of 1836 he contributed four pictures. In 1840 he was awarded a silver medal by the Society of Arts for an oil-painting of a figure subject, he exhibited for the first of many times at the Royal Academy in 1839. About 1847 he removed to London. At the Royal Academy he exhibited in all sixty works, at the British Institute forty, and at the Suffolk Street Gallery forty-two; but he was throughout his life always well represented at the Liverpool and Manchester exhibitions, and probably most of his best works are to be found in South Lancashire. He had a versatile talent, and practised with success portraiture, landscape, genre, and history. In the national collection at South Kensington he is represented by 'The Coming Footstep' (1847). 'The Parting Day' and 'Sad News from the Seat of War' are also good examples of his ​work. He died at Kensington on 26 March 1878.
[Art Journal, 1878, p. 169; Roy. Acad. Catalogues; A. Graves's Dict. of Artists; Bryan's Dict. of Artists.]
A. N.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Park, Andrew

​PARK, ANDREW (1807–1863), poet, was born in Renfrew on 7 March 1807. Educated in the parish school and at Glasgow University, he entered in his fifteenth year a commission warehouse in Paisley. When about twenty years of age he became a salesman in a hat manufactory in Glasgow, and there he shortly afterwards started in business for himself. Unsuccessful in this venture, he for a time tempted fortune in London as a man of letters, but he returned to Glasgow in 1841, and, buying the book stock of Dugald Moore (1805–1841) [q. v.], made another fruitless experiment in business. Thenceforth he devoted himself mainly to literature. In 1856 he made an oriental tour, publishing the following year ‘Egypt and the East.’ Park died at Glasgow on 27 Dec. 1863, and was buried in the Paisley cemetery, where a monument, consisting of a bronze bust on a granite pedestal, was erected to his memory in 1867.
Park, while a lad in Paisley, published a sonnet sequence, ‘The Vision of Mankind.’ In 1834 appeared his ‘Bridegroom and the Bride,’ which enhanced his reputation. In 1843, under the pseudonym of ‘James Wilson, druggist, Paisley,’ he published ‘Silent Love,’ a graceful and effective poem, which was reissued in small quarto in 1845, with illustrations by Sir J. Noel Paton. The poem was translated into French by the Chevalier de Chatelain, and was very popular in America. ‘Veritas,’ a poem which appeared in 1849, is autobiographical in character. A collective edition of Park's works, with a quaint preface descriptive of a dream of the muses, was published in London in 1854. Although somewhat lacking in spontaneity and ease of movement, several of Park's lyrics have been set to music by Auber, Donizetti, and others.
[Rogers's Scottish Minstrel; Wilson's Poets and Poetry of Scotland.]
T. B.