OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sturt, John

​STURT, JOHN (1658–1730), engraver, was born in London on 6 April 1658, and at the age of seventeen was apprenticed to Robert White [q. v.], in whose manner he engraved a number of small portraits as frontispieces to books. Becoming associated with John Ayres [q. v.], he engraved the most important of that famous writing-master's books on calligraphy, and acquired celebrity for his skill in such work; he engraved the Lord's Prayer within the space of a silver halfpenny, the Creed in that of a silver penny, and an elegy on Queen Mary on so small a scale that it could be inserted in a finger-ring. Sturt's most remarkable production was the Book of Common Prayer, executed on 188 silver plates, all adorned with borders and vignettes, the frontispiece being a portrait of George I, on which are inscribed, in characters so minute as to be legible only with a magnifying glass, the Creed, the Lord's Prayer, the Commandments, the prayer for the royal family, and the twenty-first psalm. This was published in 1717, and in 1721 he engraved, in a similar manner, the ‘Orthodox Communicant.’ He was extremely industrious, and executed the illustrations to many of the religious and artistic publications of the time, including Bragge's ‘Passion of Our Saviour,’ 1694; the elder Samuel Wesley's ‘History of the Old and New Testament in Verse,’ 1704 and 1715; the English editions of Audran's ‘Perspective of the Human Body,’ Pozzo's ‘Rules of Per​spective,’ and Perrault's ‘Treatise on the Five Orders of Architecture;’ Laurence Howell's ‘View of the Pontificate,’ 1712; J. Hamond's ‘Historical Narrative of the Whole Bible,’ 1727; and Bunyan's ‘Pilgrim's Progress,’ 1728. He also engraved the ‘Genealogy of George I,’ in two sheets, 1714; ‘Chronological Tables of Europe,’ 1726; and a plate of the ‘Seven Bishops,’ from a calligraphic drawing by T. Rodway. Sturt was the inventor of the quaint class of prints known as ‘medleys,’ the first of which he published in 1706. His last employment was upon the plates to James Anderson's valuable work ‘Selectus Diplomatum et Numismatum Thesaurus.’ He at one time kept a drawing school in St. Paul's churchyard in partnership with Bernard Lens (1659–1725) [see under Lens, Bernard, (1631–1708)]. He died in London in reduced circumstances in August 1730. A portrait of Sturt, mezzotinted by W. Humphrey from a painting by Faithorne, was published in 1774.
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Suckling, Alfred Inigo

​SUCKLING, ALFRED INIGO (1796–1856), historian of Suffolk, born on 31 Jan. 1796, was the only son of Alexander Fox of Norwich, by his wife Anna Maria (d. 1848), daughter of Robert Suckling of Woodton-cum-Langhale in Suffolk, by his wife, Susannah Webb, a descendant of Inigo Jones [q. v.] Robert Suckling was of an ancient Suffolk family, which included among its members the poet Sir John Suckling [q. v.] and Nelson's uncle, Maurice Suckling [q. v.] On the death of Robert's son, Maurice William, without issue on 1 Dec. 1820, Alfred Inigo took the surname and arms of Suckling and succeeded to the estates. He was educated at Pembroke College, Cambridge, whence he graduated LL.B. in 1824. On 10 July 1839 he was instituted on his own petition to the rectory of Barsham in Suffolk, which he held until his death. He died at 40 Belmont Road, St. Heliers, Jersey, on 3 May 1856. On 31 Jan. 1816 he married Lucia Clementina, eldest daughter of Samuel Clarke, by whom he had four sons—Robert Alfred, Maurice Shelton, Charles Richard, and Henry Edward—and six daughters.
Suckling was the author of:
* ‘Memorials of the County of Essex,’ London, 1845, 4to; originally printed in ‘Quarterly Papers on Architecture,’ 1845, vol. iii., edited by John Weale [q. v.]
* ‘History and Antiquities of Suffolk,’ London, 1846–8, 4to. The latter work was not completed. His ‘Antique and Armorial Collections,’ 1821–39, 16 vols. 4to, consisting of notices of architectural and monumental antiquities in England and Picardy, form Additional MSS. 18476–91 (Brit. Mus.) (Notes and Queries, 4th ser. ii. 512, viii. 522).
He also edited ‘Selections from the Works of Sir John Suckling, with a Life of the Author,’ London, 1836, 8vo.
[Burke's Landed Gentry, 1894; Luard's Grad. Cantabr. p. 502; Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus, p. 168; Notes and Queries, 4th ser. ii. 512, viii. 522, 8th ser. xii. 6; Norfolk Chronicle, 10 May 1856; Norwich Mercury, 10 May 1856; Illustrated London News, 17 May 1856; Davy's Suffolk Collections in Addit. MSS. 19150 ff. 293, 299, 303, 19168 f. 189.]
E. I. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hervey, William

​HERVEY, WILLIAM, Lord Hervey of Kidbrooke (d. 1642), was the only son of Henry Hervey, eldest son of Sir Nicholas Hervey, gentleman of the privy chamber to Henry VIII, and ambassador at Ghent, by his second wife, Bridget, daughter and heiress of Sir John Wiltshire, knt., of Stone Castle in Kent, and widow of Sir Richard Wingfield, K.G., of Kimbolton Castle in Huntingdonshire. His mother was Jane, daughter of James Thomas of Glamorganshire. He first signalised himself in 1588 against the Spanish Armada, when he is said to have boarded one of the Spanish ships and killed the captain, Hugh Monçada, with his own hands. On 27 June 1596 he was knighted for his services in the capture of Cadiz. In 1597 he was present at the taking of Fayal on Essex's ‘Islands' Voyage.’ The queen conferred on him the keepership of St. Andrew's Castle, Hampshire, on 8 Feb. 1598 (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1598–1601, p. 19). In 1600 he commanded one of the royal ships, and brought relief to his cousin, Sir George Carew [q. v.], president of Munster, who was engaged in reducing the rebels in Ireland. In June of that year he was appointed scout-master, and was wounded in a skirmish before Dundalk on the following 2 Oct. (ib. Carew MSS. 1589–1600, pp. 397, 465). Hervey stayed some time in Ireland, and was successful in several actions. He was also very serviceable at the siege of Kinsale, and on its surrender on 9 Jan. 1601–2 he was sent, in pursuance of the capitulation, to take possession of the castles of Dunboy, Castlehaven, and Flower. He was afterwards made governor of Carbery, from Ross to Bantry, took Cape Clear Castle, and successfully stood his ground until the final reduction of the rebels. For these services James I created him a baronet on 31 May 1619, and an Irish peer on 5 Aug. 1620, with the title of Baron Hervey of Ross, co. Wexford. On 7 Feb. 1627–8 he was raised to the English peerage as Baron Hervey of Kidbrooke, Kent. He died in June 1642, and was buried on the following 8 July in St. Edmund's Chapel in Westminster Abbey (Register, Harl. Soc., p. 136). He married (1) in May 1598 Mary (d. 1607), widow of Henry Wriothesley, earl of Southampton, and daughter of Anthony Browne, viscount Montacute, by whom he had no issue (Cal. State Papers, Dom. 1598–1601, pp. 54, 157); and (2) on 5 Feb. 1607 Cordell, youngest daughter of Brian Ansley of Lee, Kent, and gentleman-pensioner to Queen Elizabeth, by whom he had three sons and three daughters; but all dying except Elizabeth, wife of John Hervey (1616–1679) [q. v.] of Ickworth, Suffolk, the titles became extinct at his death. His second wife was buried at St. Martin-in-the-Fields on 5 May 1636.
[Collins's Peerage (Brydges), iv. 145–7, ix. 480; Burke's Dormant and Extinct Peerages, p. 277; Sidney State Papers, ii. 53.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hesketh, Roger

​HESKETH, ROGER, D.D. (1643–1715), Roman catholic controversialist, born in 1643, was a younger son of Gabriel Hesketh, gentleman, of Whitehill, Goosnargh, Lancashire, by Ann, daughter of Robert Simpson of Barker in Goosnargh. He received his education in the English College at Lisbon, was ordained priest and made procurator of the college in 1667, and confessarius in 1672. He began to teach philosophy in January 1675–6, and divinity in September 1677. On 6 Dec. 1678 he was appointed vice-president, and he held that office till 1686, when he was recalled to England by Bishop Leyburne. He left Lisbon on 29 April in that year, being then a doctor of divinity. When Dr. Watkinson desired to resign the presidency of the college at Lisbon, Hesketh was nominated his successor; but Watkinson was induced to retain the presidency. In 1694 Hesketh was elected a capitular, and in 1710 he assisted at the general chapter. He served the mission in Lincolnshire, probably at Hainton, the seat of the Heneage family, and died in April 1715, aged 71.
He wrote a treatise on transubstantiation, one of the numerous anonymous tracts published in the reign of James II. Dodd says it was written in answer to John Patrick, M.A., preacher at the Charterhouse, and he adds that a reply to Hesketh's treatise was published by Edward Bernard, D.D. [q. v.]
[Information from Joseph Gillow, esq.; Kirk's MS. Biog. Collections, No. 23, quoted in Gillow's Bibl. Dict.; Catholic Mag. and Review (1835), vi. 105; Dodd's Certamen Utriusque Ecclesiæ, pp. 16, 17; Fishwick's Parochial Chapelry of Goosnargh, pp. 160, 162*.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hesketh, Thomas

​HESKETH or HASKET, THOMAS (1561–1613), botanist, brother of Richard Hesketh [q. v.], was born at Martholme Hall, Blackburn, Lancashire, in 1561. He practised as a physician and surgeon at Clitheroe, where he died 7 Dec. 1613. He seems to have been a correspondent of Gerard, if not also of Johnson and Parkinson, the latter speaking of him as ‘a painefull chirurgion and simplist.’
[Palatine Note-book, 1885, v. 7; Pulteney's Biog. Sketches of Botany, i. 124; Gerard's Herbal, ed. Johnson, pp. 241, 780, 1629, &c.; Parkinson's Theatrum Botanicum, pp. 766, 1015, &c.]
G. S. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heskyns, Thomas

​HESKYNS or HESKIN, THOMAS, D.D. (fl. 1566), Roman catholic divine, was a native of Heskin, in the parish of Eccleston, Lancashire. After studying for twelve years at Oxford, he removed to Cambridge, where he commenced M.A. in 1540, being then a priest and a fellow of Clare Hall. He graduated B.D. at Cambridge in 1548. When it was proposed in 1549 to suppress Clare Hall in order to unite it to Trinity Hall, Heskyns signed a paper stating that as an obedient subject to the king he consented to the dissolution, though it was done contrary to his oath to the college. He was rector of Hildersham, Cambridgeshire, from 1551 to 1556, and was created D.D. in 1557. On 18 Oct. 1558 he was admitted to the chancellorship of the church of Sarum by the mandate of Cardinal Pole (Lansdowne MS. 980, f. 261), and on 16 Nov. the same year he became vicar of Brixworth, Northamptonshire, on his own petition, that benefice being in his gift as chancellor of Sarum. In August 1559 he was deprived of all his preferments for refusing to swear to the queen's supremacy. Thereupon he withdrew to Flanders, entered the Dominican order, and became confessor to some English Dominican nuns at Bergen-op-Zoom, whither they had been permitted to retire from England in the first year of Elizabeth's reign. Some years later Heskyns secretly returned to this country, for in 1565 Dr. Philip Baker [q. v.], provost of King's College, Cambridge, was charged with having entertained him. It was stated that Heskyns had been brought to Baker's table at Cambridge in the dark, and conveyed away again in the like manner (Cooper, Annals of Cambridge, ii. 225). He was much esteemed by the catholics on account of his zeal for their cause. A portrait of him on wood is prefixed to the Antwerp edition of his ‘Parliament of Chryste.’ It is not known when or where he died.
He wrote ‘The Parliament of Chryste, avouching and declaring the enacted and receaved Trueth of the Presence of his Bodie and Bloode in the Blessed Sacrament, and of other Articles concerning the same, impugned in a wicked Sermon by M. Juel,’ Brussels, 1565, fol., Antwerp, 1566, fol. Two replies to this work were published by William Fulke [q. v.] in 1579, one being entitled ‘Heskins' Parliament Repealed.’
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabr. i. 419; Addit. MSS. 5808 f. 112, 5871 ff. 107, 154; Gillow's Bibl. Dict.; Pits, De Angliæ Scriptoribus, p. 765; Lamb's Cambridge Documents, pp. 113, 223; Dodd's Church Hist. i. 525; Strype's Works (general index); Gough's Index to Parker Soc. Publications; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.; Ames's Typogr. Antiq. (Herbert), pp. 1057, 1059, 1148; Le Neve's Fasti (Hardy), ii. 652; Cooper's Annals of Cambridge, v. 262, 263; Bromley's Cat. of Engraved Portraits, p. 35.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hesketh, Henry

​HESKETH, HENRY (1637?–1710), divine, was born in Cheshire about 1637. In June 1653 he was admitted a commoner of Brasenose College, Oxford, and proceeded B.A. on 13 Oct. 1656 (Wood, Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 192). He was rector of Charlwood, Surrey, and chaplain in ordinary to Charles II when on 11 Nov. 1678 he was chosen vicar of St. Helen, Bishopsgate. Manning and Bray wrongly give the date of his institution to Charlwood as 1685 (Surrey, ii. 193). He also became chaplain to William III. He was a popular preacher, and published numerous sermons. In 1689–90 he was nominated bishop of Killala, but was not consecrated, and in January 1694 he resigned the vicarage of St. Helen (J. E. Cox, Annals of St. Helen's, p. 55). He appears to have died in December 1710. He married, first, in 1662, Sarah, daughter of Thomas Mulcaster, rector of Charlwood; and secondly, in 1687, Mary Pillet of St. Helen, Bishopsgate (Chester, London Marriage Licenses, ed. Foster, col. 672).
He was author of: 1. ‘Piety the best Rule of Orthodoxy: or an Essay upon this proposition, that the conduciveness of doctrines to holiness, or vice, is the best rule for private Christians to judge the truth or falsehood of them by, in a letter to his honoured friend, H. M.,’ 8vo, London, 1680. 2. ‘The Charge of Scandal and giving offence by Conformity refelled and reflected back upon Separation,’ [anon.], 4to, London, 1683; also in vol. i. of ‘A Collection of Cases … written to recover Dissenters to the Communion of the Church of England,’ 4to, London, 1685. 3. ‘An Exhortation to frequent receiving the Holy Sacrament … being the substance of several sermons preached in St. Hellens Church, London,’ 12mo, London, 1684. The work cited by Wood (Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iv. 604–5) as ‘The Case of Eating and Drinking unworthily stated, and the Scruples of coming to the Holy Sacrament upon the danger of unworthiness satisfied,’ &c., 8vo, London, 1689, is apparently another edition.
[Manning and Bray's Surrey, ii. 275; Newcourt's Repertorium, ii. 365.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hesketh, Richard

​HESKETH, RICHARD (1562–1593), Roman catholic exile, third son of Sir Thomas Hesketh of Rufford and Martholme, by Alice, daughter of Sir John Holcroft of Holcroft, was baptised at Great Harwood, near Blackburn, Lancashire, on 28 July 1562, and brought up in the catholic religion. He joined the English refugees on the continent, and probably served in Sir William Stanley's regiment in Flanders. On the death of Henry Stanley, fourth earl of Derby [q. v.], in September 1592, Hesketh was commissioned by Sir William Stanley and the jesuit Father Holt to encourage the earl's son and successor, Ferdinando, lord Strange, to lay claim to the succession to the crown after the death of Elizabeth, on the ground that the Stanleys ‘were next in propinquity of blood’ to the queen. Hesketh was directed to promise Spanish aid. The new Earl of Derby refused to entertain Hesketh's proposals, and delivered him to justice. He was executed at St. Albans on 29 Nov. 1593, and when on the scaffold, ‘naming Sir William Stanley and others, cursed the time he had ever known anie of them’ (Sadler, State Papers, iii. 20, Appendix). Dodd denounces as a calumny Hesketh's assertion that the catholic exiles had set him upon the project (Church Hist. ii. 160).
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Heseltine, James

Hesletine in the ODNB.
​HESELTINE, JAMES (1690–1763), organist and composer, a pupil of Dr. Blow, was in the early part of the century organist to St. Katharine's Hospital, near the Tower (Grove). In 1710 he was elected organist of Durham Cathedral. A misunderstanding between him and the dean and chapter led him to destroy his compositions, but he held the post of organist until his death on 20 June 1763, and was buried in the Galilee of the cathedral. Early in 1730 Heseltine married a daughter of Sir George Wheler, canon of Durham. His portrait is in the Music School, Oxford. He died a widower without family, and his property was claimed by a nephew and niece in America.
Heseltine's anthem, ‘Unto Thee will I cry,’ in his own handwriting, and dated ‘September ye 17th, 1707,’ is in the British Museum Library (Addit. MS. 30860). Other manuscript pieces by him are in the Lambeth Palace Library.
[Hutchinson's Durham, ii. 238; Hist. Reg. xv. 22; Georgian Era, iv. 542; Dict. of Musicians, 1827, i. 363; Grove's Dict. i. 733; P. C. C. Admon. Grants, June 1765.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hesketh, Harriet

​HESKETH, HARRIET, Lady (1733–1807), friend of Cowper, baptised at Hertingfordbury, Hertfordshire, on 12 July 1733, was the daughter and coheiress of Ashley Cowper (1701–1788), clerk of the parliaments, third son of Spencer Cowper (1669–1727) [q. v.] the judge. Her mother was Dorothy, daughter of John Oakes (Clutterbuck, Hertfordshire, ii. 195). She married Thomas Hesketh of Rufford, Lancashire, who was created a baronet on 5 May 1761, and died without issue on 4 March 1778, aged 51. Lady Hesketh was the friend and favourite correspondent of her cousin William Cowper (1731–1800) [q. v.] the poet. She supplied William Hayley [q. v.] with most of the materials for his life of Cowper. Hayley's correspondence with her is now in the British Museum, Addit. MS. 30803 A, B. Lady Hesketh died at Clifton, near Bristol, on 15 Jan. 1807 (Gent. Mag. 1807, pt. i. p. 94).
[Betham's Baronetage, iii. 298; Burke's Peerage, 1889, p. 708. See also art. Cowper, William (1731–1800), the poet.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Sarmento, Jacob de Castro

​SARMENTO, JACOB de CASTRO, M.D. (1692–1762), physician, was born in Portugal in 1692, of Jewish parents. He graduated M.D. at Coimbra on 21 May 1717. He came to England as rabbi of the Jews of Portugal resident in London, and, intending to practise medicine, was admitted a licentiate of the College of Physicians on 25 June 1725. He was created M.D. at Aberdeen on 2 July 1739. His first publication was a ‘Sermam Funebre,’ a funeral sermon in Portuguese on David Nieto [q. v.] It has numerous Hebrew quotations, and was printed ‘con licenza dos Senhores do Mahamad.’ He was admitted a fellow of the Royal Society on 12 Feb. 1730. He contributed to the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ accounts of astronomical observations made in Paraguay (1730 and 1749) and of ‘diamonds found in Brazil’ (1731). In 1758 he withdrew from the Jewish community. He died in London on 14 Sept. 1762.
In 1756 he published in London a treatise ‘Do uso e abuso das minhas agoas de Inglaterra,’ in 1757 ‘Appendix ao que se acha escrito na Materia Medica,’ and in 1758 a large quarto ‘Materia Medica’—all in Portuguese. His portrait, by Pine, engraved by Houston, forms the frontispiece of the last-mentioned volume, and represents him seated at a table, pen in hand, with a sheet of paper before him, on which he has just written the crossed ℞, which is the proper prefix of a prescription.
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Saul, Arthur

​SAUL, ARTHUR (d. 1585), canon of Gloucester, of Gloucestershire origin, was admitted a demy of Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1544–5. He graduated B.A. in 1546, and M.A. 1548–9. He was fellow of Magdalen probably from 1546 to 1553 (Bloxam, Registers of Magdalen, iv. 99). In October of the latter year he was expelled at Bishop Gardiner's visitation (Strype, Eccl. Mem. iii. i. 82). Under Mary he was an exile, and in 1554 was at Strasburg with Alexander Nowell [q. v.] and others (ib. p. 232; Cranmer, p. 450). Under Elizabeth Saul was installed canon of Salisbury in 1559, of Bristol in 1559, and of Gloucester in 1565 (3 June), and was successively rector of Porlock, Somerset (1562), Ubly, Somerset (1565), Deynton, Gloucestershire (1566), and Berkeley, Gloucestershire (1575). He subscribed the canons of 1562 as a member of convocation, but displayed a strong puritan leaning (Strype, Annals, i. i. 489–512). In 1565 he was appointed by Bentham, bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, to visit that diocese, and by Grindal in 1576 to visit the diocese of Gloucester (ib. ii. 188; Grindal, p. 315). Saul died in 1585.
Arthur Saul (fl. 1614), doubtless the canon's son, was described as a gentleman in April 1571, when he addressed to the Houses of Parliament a ‘Treatise showing the Advantage of the use of the Arquebus over the Bow in Warfare’ (State Papers, Dom., Eliz. xx. 25). In April 1617 he was a prisoner in Newgate, and made a deposition concerning his employment by Secretary Winwood and the archbishop of Canterbury to report what English were at Douay (ib. Jac. I, xci. 20). He was author of ‘The famous Game of Chesse play truely discovered and all doubts resolved, so that by reading this small book thou shall profit more than by the playing a thousand mates,’ London, 1614, 8vo; augmented editions in 1620, 1640, and 1672; dedicated to Lucy Russell, countess of Bedford [q. v.]
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Satchwell, Benjamin

​SATCHWELL, BENJAMIN (1732–1809), founder of the Leamington Spa Charity, born in 1732, was a self-taught shoemaker, working at the then obscure village of Leamington Priors, Warwickshire, where he lived all his life. He was a somewhat eccentric but energetic man, who used to settle all the village disputes. On 14 Jan. 1784 he discovered a saline spring—the second found at Leamington—on a piece of land belonging to his friend William Abbotts, who, with Satchwell, was chiefly instrumental in promoting the prosperity of the modern town of Leamington. Baths were opened by Abbotts in connection with the spring in 1786, and invalids began to resort to the place. In 1788 Satchwell established the first regular post office at Leamington. From time to time he described the Spa and its cures in the ‘Coventry Mercury’ and other provincial papers, and in his character of ‘the village rhymer’ kept poetical annals of the Spa, and saluted distinguished visitors with addresses. About 1794, when the builders and speculators came to Leamington, Satchwell took an active part in developing the place, being assisted with money by Mr. Walhouse, a clergyman of independent means. A row of houses built by Satchwell near the post office was called ‘Satchwell Place.’
In 1806 he instituted the Leamington Spa Charity, and became its treasurer and secretary. This charity provided for the accommodation of invalids of scanty means while sojourning at the Spa. No one was assisted, or allowed to stay more than a month, without a medical certificate. Satchwell died in 1809, in the seventy-seventh year of his ​age, and was buried in the churchyard of Leamington where a tomb was erected by his daughter, Miss Satchwell, postmistress of Leamington, and afterwards the wife of Mr. Hopton, the postmaster. Satchwell's son Thomas was appointed collector to the Spa charity on 8 April 1811.
Samuel Pratt's ‘Brief Account of the Progress and Patronage of the Leamington Spa Charity,’ published at Birmingham in 1812, contains views of Satchwell's cottage and tomb, and also a portrait etched from a sketch by O. Neil, showing Satchwell—a heavy-looking man with a massive head—seated at a table reading ‘Dugdale’ and filling a long clay pipe.
W. W.