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# Harper's Weekly/A Significant Meeting

From Harper's Weekly, April 2, 1881, p. 211. See also A Plea for the Indians for The New York Times report on this meeting.
A SIGNIFICANT MEETING.
It was pleasant to see Mr. Schurz and General Miles upon the same platform at Association Hall, and agreeing in the policy that should be pursued by this country toward the Indians. Those who agree that the traditional treatment of the Indians by the government has been inhuman and unjustifiable, and who propose wise and practicable measures hereafter, are really friends and allies. Ex-Secretary Schurz represents an administration whose Indian record, including the appointment of General Miles's commission, is the best in our history, and General Miles is identified with the commission whose brave and humane report is worthy of American gentlemen and statesmen.
In the existing situation in this country Mr. Schurz justly holds that the alternative for the Indian is extermination or civilization. It is impossible to allot hundreds of thousands of square miles for his hunting grounds, and if it were attempted it would lead to endless wars. The Indians must be civilized, and gradually absorbed in the body of the people, and finally they must become citizens. In the mean while they must be taught to work, to hold lands in severalty and not as tribes, and the youth must be educated. And they are rapidly becoming ready for this course.
Mr. Schurz spoke very warmly of the Hampton and Carlisle schools, and said that instead of two schools, there should be fifteen in the older States. At present a building for girls was greatly needed at Hampton. General Miles followed Mr. Schurz, highly commending the Hampton school, and the famous Indian fighter declared that the Indians must be civilized, and that education is the only way to civilize them. He agreed that they are now ready, and that this is the solution of the Indian problem. Captain Pratt, of the Carlisle school, spoke in a very lively vein of the readiness and capacity of the Indian for civilization. There are 50,000 Indian children in the country, and there ought to be a hundred schools to influence them. General Armstrong, Bishop Hare, and Dr. Potter also spoke. A liberal subscription was made for the girls' hall at Hampton. But the significance of the meeting was as a sign of the awakening of the people to the resolution that the Indians shall hereafter be treated by the government as human beings, and not as vermin.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# Harper's Weekly/A “Presumptive Case” Exposed

From Harper's Weekly, September 13, 1884, p. 593.
A “PRESUMPTIVE CASE” EXPOSED.
The Boston Journal, one of the most virulent of the Blaine newspapers, recently said:
   “Mr. Schurz's repeated and much-talked-of rulings in favor of the Northern Pacific interests during his Secretaryship of the Interior, when viewed in connection with Mr. Villard's friendship and Mr. Schurz's subsequent connection with the Evening Post, afford a far stronger presumptive case against Mr. Schurz for any enemy who might wish to use it, than any ‘rulings’ of Mr. Blaine can possibly be made to sustain against him. We do not believe that Mr. Schurz was a dishonest official. But we urge the people of this country, if they have any regard for their own high interests, to cease and to rebuke this cankering hypercriticism of public men.”
“Cankering hypercriticism" is undoubtedly bad, but so is gross and careless misrepresentation. Mr. Schurz disposed of this kind of insinuation long before the nomination of Mr. Blaine, by stating:
1. That at the time when these rulings were made, Mr. Henry Villard had no connection with the Northern Pacific Railroad.
2. That the rulings were made by Attorney-General Devens, and not by Mr. Schurz, although Mr. Schurz's name was appended to them pro forma. This statement was confirmed by a letter of General Devens published at the time.
3. That the railings were in conformity with decisions of the Supreme Court, which have been followed by every Administration since.
Will the Journal now make as clear, clean, and complete a disposition of the case which Mr. Blaine makes against himself?
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/William P. Hepburn

​ WILLIAM P. HEPBURN was born at Wellsville, Ohio, on the 4th of November, 1833. His father removed with his family to Iowa in 1841. The son attended the public schools and learned the printer's trade, afterwards read law and was admitted to the bar and, in 1856, was elected Prosecuting Attorney in Marshall County. In 1858 he was chosen chief clerk of the House of the Seventh General Assembly. In October of the same year he was elected District Attorney of the Eleventh District. When the Rebellion began, Mr. Hepburn raised a company for the Second Iowa Cavalry, of which he was commissioned captain. In September, 1862, he was promoted to major of the regiment and in November became lieutenant-colonel, serving until the regiment was mustered out in 1864. In 1876 he was one of the presidential electors on the Republican ticket. Having removed to Page County he was, in 1880, elected to Congress by the Republicans of the Eighth District. He was reëlected in 1882 and again in 1884. In 1886 he was defeated by Major A. R. Anderson. In 1888 he was ​chosen presidential elector. In 1892 he was again elected to Congress and has been reëlected in 1894, 1896, 1898, 1900 and 1902. Mr. Hepburn is a public speaker of unusual power and eloquence as well as an able debater. His long term of service in Congress has given him great influence in that body and for many years he has been one of the earnest workers for the construction of the Nicaraguan inter-ocean ship canal.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/William P. Wolfe

​ WILLIAM P. WOLFE was born at Harrisburg, Stark County, Ohio, on the 31st of December, 1833. He received a liberal education and taught school several years in Ohio. In 1856 he came to Iowa, locating in Cedar County, where he again engaged in teaching. He studied law with Hon. Rush Clark of Iowa City and was admitted to the bar. He was one of the friends of John Brown when that noted emancipator was helping slaves to freedom and making his headquarters at Springdale. Mr. Wolfe removed to Tipton and entered upon the practice of law. He served as county superintendent of schools. In 1863 he was elected on the Republican ticket Representative in the Tenth General Assembly. In May, 1864, he was appointed captain of Company I, of the Forty-sixth Iowa Infantry. At the close of the war he was for a time editor of the Tipton Advertiser. In 1867 he was elected to the State Senate, serving in the Twelfth and Thirteenth General Assemblies. In 1870 he was elected Representative in Congress to fill a vacancy. In 1881 he was again elected Representative in the Legislature and reëlected in 1883. He was chosen Speaker of the ​House of the Twentieth General Assembly. In the fall of 1894 he was chosen judge of the Eighteenth District which position he held at the time of his death, September 19th, 1896.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/William R. Smith

​ WILLIAM R. SMITH was born in Ocean County, New Jersey, December 30, 1828. His boyhood days were spent on a farm and in the winter he attended the public school. In 1845 the family removed to Michigan where the son taught several winters. He had decided to study medicine and when about twenty-one went to New York City and attended lectures. In 1866 he removed to Iowa, locating in the frontier town of Sioux City. Northwestern Iowa, Dakota and northern Nebraska were at that time almost entirely unsettled. Sioux City was but a little village remote from railroad and reached only by a semi-weekly stage line from Dubuque. In the spring of 1861, when the Sioux Indians were threatening the frontier settlements of Iowa, Minnesota, Dakota and Nebraska military companies were organized for protection and Dr. Smith was chosen a lieutenant in one consisting of mounted riflemen, in which he served until relieved by the arrival of United States troops. He was appointed Government surgeon and was sent on a sanitary tour of inspection among the Iowa regiments serving in the Vicksburg campaign. In 1863 he was appointed ​surgeon of the Board of Enrollment for the Sixth Congressional District and served through the draft of 1864, being stationed at Fort Dodge. He served as mayor of Sioux City, was one of the incorporators of the First National Bank, also of the Sioux City & St. Paul and other railroad companies. In 1878 he was appointed by Governor Gear one of the Commissioners to the Paris Exposition. He was a member of the Cobden Club of England and deeply interested in tariff reform. Dr. Smith was one of the founders of the First Unitarian Church of Sioux City and an active member of the Iowa and Western Conferences of that denomination. In politics he was an independent Republican of the George William Curtis stamp and always acted up to his convictions of right, regardless of party platforms. He served for thirteen years as Receiver of the United States Land Office at Sioux City and as such had the custody of millions of dollars of the public money during the sales of public lands.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/William Salter

​ WILLIAM SALTER, one of the pioneer preachers of Iowa, was born in Brooklyn, New York, November 17, 1821. He was educated in the Union Theological Seminary of New York, the Theological Institution of Andover, Massachusetts, and the New York University. In November, 1843, he came to Maquoketa, Iowa, one of eleven young Congregational ministers who, early in that year formed an “Iowa Band” to establish churches of their faith in the new Territory. They were young men from twenty-two to thirty-four years of age who were in the senior class at Andover. Seven of them, including Mr. Salter, were ordained in the old academy building at Denmark in Lee County, on Sunday, November 6, 1843. From there they went to different localities as missionary preachers. After preaching two years at Maquoketa, Mr. Salter became the pastor of the First Congregational Church of Burlington. In addition to his services as a minister, Dr. Salter has given much time to study of ​Iowa history and for many years has been a contributor of valuable articles to historical publications. His “Life of James W. Grimes” is one of the best of Iowa biographies. He has also written biographies of General Augustus C. Dodge, General J. M. Corse and Governor James Clarke. He is the author of a church hymn book, “Memoirs of J. W. Pickett,” “Forty Years' Ministry” and numerous historical addresses. For more than half a century he has continued to meet the highest expectations of a cultured and critical congregation. In all the attributes of a great and popular minister, a genial and helpful pastor, he was uncommonly endowed. His name and fame are intimately entwined with the building up of the State which in youth he selected for a home.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/William T. Shaw

​ WILLIAM T. SHAW was born in Steuben, Washington County, Maine, on the 22d of September, 1822. He was educated in the Maine Wesleyan Seminary and went to Kentucky where he taught school for some time. When the Mexican War began he at once enlisted and served through the war taking part in many of the principal battles. In 1849 and in 1852 he led parties across the great western plains which were then unsettled and infested with hostile Indians. In 1853 he came to Iowa, locating at Anamosa. Upon the organization of the Fourteenth Iowa Volunteer Infantry Mr. Shaw was appointed by Governor Kirkwood, colonel. He led the regiment in the thickest of the fight at the Battle of Fort Donelson and again at Shiloh where his regiment was assailed by overwhelming numbers and forced to surrender. At the disastrous Battle of Pleasant Hill, Colonel Shaw commanded a brigade and made a most gallant fight, aiding greatly in saving General Banks' army from disaster. In a letter written soon after the battle he exposed the incompetency and drunkenness of certain of his superior officers and they took their revenge by procuring his dismissal from the service. It was the general opinion of his associates in the Red River campaign that he richly deserved promotion to the rank of Brigadier-General. In 1875 he was elected on the Republican ticket a member of the House of the Sixteenth General Assembly.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/William Vandever

​ WILLIAM VANDEVER was born in Baltimore, Maryland, March 31, 1817. He was educated in the schools of Philadelphia. In 1839 he went to Rock Island where he engaged in surveying public lands. For several ​years he was editor of the Northwestern Advertiser. In 1851 he removed to Dubuque and was employed in the office of the Surveyor-General. He afterwards became a partner of Ben M. Samuels in the practice of law. In 1856 he was a delegate to the convention which organized the Republican party of Iowa. In 1858 he was nominated for Representative in Congress in the Second District and elected over his former law partner, B. M. Samuels. He was reëlected in 1860 but resigned his seat in 1861 to enter the military service and was appointed colonel of the Ninth Iowa Infantry. Mr. Vandever commanded a brigade at the Battle of Pea Ridge and won promotion to Brigadier-General. He served through the war with distinction in the armies of Grant and Sherman and was brevetted Major-General. Some years after the close of the war he removed to California where he was again elected to Congress. He died on the 23d of July, 1893.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/William V. Allen

​ WILLIAM V. ALLEN was born in Midway, Madison County, Ohio, on the 28th of January, 1847, He attended the public schools in Ohio and Iowa and finally the Upper Iowa University but did not take a full college course. His father removed with his family to Iowa in 1857, making his home on a farm near Nevada. When the War of the Rebellion began William, who was but fourteen years af age, enlisted in the Fourteenth Regiment of Volunteers. He was rejected at the mustering in of the regiment on account of his youth. In August, 1862, he again enlisted in Company G, Thirty-second Iowa Infantry, was accepted and served ​to the close of the war. He was in all of the marches and battles of this regiment and the last few months was on the staff of General James I. Gilbert. At the close of the war, Mr. Allen read law with L. L. Ainsworth at West Union, was admitted to the bar in 1869 and at once entered upon the practice of his profession. In 1884 he removed to Madison, Nebraska, and in 1891 was nominated by the Populist party for judge of the Ninth Judicial District and elected. In February, 1893, he was elected by a union of the Populists and Democrats to a seat in the United States Senate. As a judge he had acquired a State-wide reputation and in the Senate he soon attained high rank in debate and was the acknowledged leader of his party in Congress. He served six years in the Senate, and upon the expiration of his term was appointed judge of his old district where he served until December 13, when he was appointed United States Senator to fill the term of Senator Hayward whose death had caused a vacancy. Mr. Allen has served as chairman of four State Conventions of his party in Nebraska and was president of the National Convention at St. Louis in 1896.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/William Patterson

​ WILLIAM PATTERSON was born in Wythe County, Virginia, March 9, 1802, and when four years of age his father removed into the forest of Adair County, Kentucky. With no schools in the vicinity the son had little chance to acquire an education. In 1836 he took up his residence at West Point in Lee County, two years before the organization of Iowa Territory. In 1838 he was elected a member of the First Legislative Assembly and reëlected repeatedly, serving in the Second, Fourth, Fifth, Sixth and Eighth Territorial Legislatures; four terms in the House and two in the Council. He was appointed by Governor Lucas colonel of a regiment raised to defend the territory in the Missouri boundary war and was one of the commissioners chosen by the Legislature to secure a peaceable settlement of that controversy. He removed to Keokuk in an early day where he served as postmaster and mayor of the city. In 1857 he was a member of the convention which framed the present Constitution of the State. In 1864 he was one of the Vice-Presidents of the National Democratic Convention which nominated General McClellan for President. Colonel Patterson was for more than fifty years a citizen of Lee County. As a pioneer lawmaker he served in six legislatures and one Constitutional Convention. He was a Democrat and although not a public speaker, had great influence in the councils of big party, as he also had as a legislator. He died on the 23d of October, 1889.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/William Smyth

​ WILLIAM SMYTH was born in Tyrone County, Ireland, January 3, 1824. He came with his parents to America when about fifteen years of age and in 1840 located in Linn County, Iowa. Mr. Smyth studied law at Iowa City and in 1848 opened a law office in Marion. In 1853 he was appointed judge of the Fourth Judicial District, serving until 1857. In 1858 he was chosen by the Seventh General Assembly one of three commissioners to revise and codify the laws of the State. Their work was accepted by the Legislature and became the Code of 1860. Judge Smyth was then appointed on the Commission of Legal Inquiry. In 1861 he was one of the commissioners appointed to negotiate the bonds issued by the State to provide a war defense fund. In August, 1862, he was commissioned colonel of the Thirty-first Iowa Infantry and served in the field until December, 1864, when he resigned on account of failing health. In 1868 he was elected to Congress and served until his death in 1870.
# History of Iowa From the Earliest Times to the Beginning of the Twentieth Century/4/William Thompson

​ WILLIAM THOMPSON was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, November 10, 1813. He assisted his father to clear a farm in the dense forests of Ohio and when twenty-one began to study law in the office of Columbus Delano. In 1839 he went by steamboat down the Ohio river and up the Mississippi river to Montrose in Iowa. At Mount Pleasant he opened a law office in partnership with J. C. Hall. In 1843 he was elected to the House of the Legislative Assembly. He served as chief clerk of the two succeeding sessions. In 1846 he was secretary of the Second Constitutional Convention. In 1847 he was elected on the Democratic ticket Representative in Congress for the First District. He was a candidate for reëlection and after a warm contest was declared successful. But his election was contested by Daniel F. Miller before the House of Representatives and the seat declared vacant. Both were candidates at a special election in which Thompson was defeated. For several years he was editor of the Iowa State Gazette. He was elected chief clerk of the war session of the House in 1861 by a unanimous vote. Mr. Thompson raised a company for the First Iowa Cavalry and was repeatedly promoted until near the close of the war when he was brevetted Brigadier-General. After the close of the war, at the request of General Custer, Mr. Thompson was appointed captain in the regular army where he served with Custer in his Indian campaigns, retiring just in time to escape the tragic fate of his gallant commander. Colonel Thompson died at Tacoma, Washington, October 7, 1807.
# Hawkins v. United States (96 U.S. 689)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
96 U.S. 689
Hawkins v. United States
APPEAL from the Court of Claims.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Mr. Enoch Totten for the appellant.
Mr. Assistant-Attorney-General Smith, contra.
MR. JUSTICE CLIFFORD delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Hawks v. Hamill

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United States Supreme Court
288 U.S. 52
Hawks v. Hamill
Argued: Dec. 9, 1932. --- Decided: Jan 9, 1933
Messrs. W. C. Lewis, of Oklahoma City, Okl., Purman Wilson, of Purcell, Okl., and J. Berry King, of Oklahoma City, Okl., for petitioners.
Mr. Charles B. Cochran, of Oklahoma City, Okl., for respondents.
Mr. Justice CARDOZO delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Hawkins v. United States

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Hawkins v. United States."
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* Hawkins v. United States (96 U.S. 689)
* Hawkins v. United States (358 U.S. 74)
# Hawkins v. United States (358 U.S. 74)

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## Concurring Opinion

    Stewart
United States Supreme Court
358 U.S. 74
Hawkins v. United States (358 U.S. 74)
Argued: Oct. 14, 1958. --- Decided: Nov 24, 1958
Messrs. Kenneth R. King and Byron Tunnell, Tyler, Tex., for petitioner.
Mr. Kirby W. Patterson, for respondent.
Mr. Justice BLACK delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Hawkins v. Wright, Williams & Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
63 U.S. 19
Hawkins v. Wright, Williams & Company
This is a writ of error to the Supreme Court of the State of Louisiana.
The defendant in error, by his counsel, J. P. Benjamin, Esq., moves the court that the writ of error issued in this cause be dismissed, for the reason that this case is not one in which the court has jurisdiction to revise the decision of the Supreme Court of Louisiana.
On looking into the record, there appears to be no ground on which this writ of error can be maintained. There is no complaint that the obligation of a contract has been impaired, nor that any right has been claimed and refused under any treaty or act of Congress. The cause must therefore be dismissed, for want of jurisdiction.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse