# The World Factbook (1982)/Mali
## MALIMALI

* (See reference map VII)

### LANDLAND

1,204,350 km$^2$; only about a fourth of area arable, forests negligible, rest sparse pasture or desert
Land boundaries: 7,459 km

### PEOPLEPEOPLE

Population: 7,015,000 (July 1982), average annual growth rate 2.7%
Nationality: noun—Malian(s); adjective—Malian
Ethnic divisions: 99% native African including tribes of both Berber and Negro descent
Religion: 90% Muslim, 9% animist, 1% Christian
Language: French official; several African languages, of which Mande group most widespread
Literacy: under 5%
Labor force: 2.8 million
Organized labor: National Union of Malian Workers (UNTM) is umbrella organization over 13 national unions

### GOVERNMENTGOVERNMENT

Official name: Republic of Mali
Type: republic; military regime in power since November 1968; fulfilled its plans in June 1979 for a phased return to civilian rule
Capital: Bamako
Political subdivisions: 7 administrative regions; 42 administrative districts (cercles), arrondissements, villages; all subordinate to central government
Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1974, came into full effect in 1979; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Section of Court of State; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
National holiday: Independence Day, 22 September
Branches: executive authority exercised by Military Committee of National Liberation (MCNL) composed of 11 army ​officers; under MCNL functional Cabinet composed of civilians and army officers; judiciary
Government leaders: Brig. Gen, Moussa TRAORE, President of MCNL, Chief of State, and head of government
Suffrage: universal over age 21
Political parties and leaders: Democratic Union of Malian People (UDPM), is the sole political party under civilian leadership
Elections: constitutional elections took place June 1979
Communists: a few Communists and some sympathizers
Member of: AFDB, APC, CEAO, EGA, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISCON, ITU, Niger River Commission, NAM, OAU, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), UN, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO

### ECONOMYECONOMY

GDP: $1.15 billion (1980), $163 per capita; annual real growth rate 5.7% (1980)
Agriculture: main crops—millet, sorghum, rice, corn, peanuts; cash crops—peanuts, cotton, and livestock
Fishing: catch 95,000 tons (1960)
Major industries: small local consumer goods and processing
Electric power: 50,000 kW capacity (1980); 115 million kWh produced (1980), 17 kWh per capita
Exports: $175.4 million (f.o.b, 1980); livestock, peanuts, dried fish, cotton, and skins
Imports: $300.9 million (f.o.b., 1980); textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, machinery, and sugar
Major trade partners: mostly with franc zone and Western Europe; also with USSR, China
Budget: (1980) revenues $181.4 million, current expenditures $187.5 million
Monetary conversion rate: 422.6 Mali francs=US$1 (1980)
Fiscal year: calendar year

### COMMUNICATIONSCOMMUNICATIONS

Railroads: 642 km meter gauge (1.00 m)
Highways: approximately 15,700 km total; 1,670 km bituminous, 3,670 km gravel and improved earth, 10,360 km unimproved earth
Inland waterways: 1,815 km navigable
Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft
Airfields: 44 total, 39 usable; 8 with permanent-surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m
Telecommunications: domestic system poor and provides only minimal service; radio-relay, wire, and radiocommunications stations in use; expansion of radio relay in progress; 8,000 telephones; 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 2 antennas for Atlantic and Indian Ocean INTELSAT satellites

### DEFENSE FORCESDEFENSE FORCES

Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,521,000; 767,000 fit for military service; no conscription