OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Stephen Moylan

From volume 10 of the work.
An American patriot and merchant, born in Ireland in 1734; died at Philadelphia, 11 April, 1811. He received his education in Ireland, but resided for some time in England, and seems to have travelled considerably on the Continent before emigrating to the American Colonies where he settled in the city of Philadelphia. He gave his hearty support to the patriot cause on the eve of the Revolution, and, when war was finally declared, hurried to join the Continental Army before Boston in 1775. The readiness of his patriotic zeal, coupled with a belief in his business acumen, won him the recognition of John Dickinson, upon whose recommendation he was placed in the commissariat department. Attracted by his unusual dignity of bearing and military manner, Washington, in March, 1776, appointed him one of his aides-de-camp. Restless to exploit his energies in a field of wider activity, he was chosen by Congress, upon Washington's recommendation, in June of the same year to be Commissary General of the Continental Army. Restless again, seemingly, for a more direct participation in the conflict, he resigned this position in the following October, raising at once a troop of light dragoons, the First Pennsylvania regiment of cavalry, of which he was colonel. With this troop he served at Valley Forge, through the dismal winter of 1777-8, at the battle of Germantown, on the Hudson River, and in Connecticut, with Wayne in Pennsylvania, and rounded out the full measure of his service with General Greene in his southern campaign at the close of the war. In acknowledgment of his indefatigable energy and bravery, before the war closed, in 1782, he was brevetted brigadier-general. After the successful termination of the war he quietly resumed his mercantile pursuits in Philadelphia. In 1792 he was Register and Recorder of Chester County, Penn., and was Commissioner of Loans of Pennsylvania for a few years before his death. Duly allowing for the over excitability of the times, the eulogy of a fellow patriot quoted by Irving (Life of Washington, 111, ch. 30) remains a no uncertain estimate of esteem: "'There is not in the whole range of my friends, acquaintance, and I might add, in the universe', exclaims Wilkinson, 'a man of more sublimated sentiment, or who combined with sound discretion a more punctilious sense of honour, than Colonel Moylan'." General Moylan was one of the organizers of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in Philadelphia in 1771, and was its first president. One of his brothers became Bishop of Cork, Ireland, and another, John, acted during the war as United States Clothier General.
MARQUIS DE CHASTELLUX, Travels in America (Paris, 1786); American Monthly Magazine, vol. VI, 14.
Jarvis Keiley.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Stephen Goffe

From volume 6 of the work.
(Or Gough)
Oratorian; b. 1605; d. at Paris, Christmas Day, 1681. He was the son of Stephen Goffe, Protestant rector of Stanmer in Sussex, and was educated at Merton College, Oxford, becaming M.A. in 1627. He took orders and became chaplain to Colonel Vere's regiment in the Low Countries. Subsequently the Earl of St. Alban's obtained his appointment as one of the chaplains to Charles I, in which capacity he was created D.D. in 1636. He was often employed in secret negotiations in France, Flanders, and Holland. During the Civil War he was arrested and charged with attempting to rescue the king, then a prisoner at Hampton Court. After the execution of the king (whose death-warrant was signed Stephen's brother William), he went to France, where he became a Catholic. Dodd and other Catholics have disproved the story that the Sorbonne admitted the validity of his Anglican orders. He became an Oratorian on 14 Jan., 1651, at Notre-Dame-des Vertues near Paris, where he became superior in 1655. Here he helped English exiles, both Protestants and Catholics, using his influence with Queen Henrietta Maria on their behalf; and on her appointment he acted as tutor to the young Duke of Monmouth. He was a learned man and maintained a correspondence with Vossius and other scholars. Some of his letters were printed by Colomesius in 1690, and others, still in manuscript, are in the British Museum (Addit. MS. 6394).
DODD, "Church History" (Brussels, 1737-41), III, 305; CLARENDON, "History of the Rebellion" (1702-04); LINGARD, "History of England" (London, 1849), VIII, 191; ESTCOURT, "Question of Anglican Orders Discussed" (London, 1973); GILLOW, "Bibl. Dict. Eng. Cath.", s.v.; COOPER in "Dict. Nat. Biog.", s.v. He also published in 1646 under the title "The Lord George Digby's Cabinet and Dr. Goff's negociations."
EDWIN BURTON
# Chronicle of the law officers of Ireland/Additions and Corrections

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. :
| 4, | line | 1, | John Keppock, Just C. P., read Just K. B. |
| 6, | —— | 7, | Frier, read Prior. |
| 10, | —— | 16, | Hawkenshaw, 2d Just C. P., read K. B. |
| 29, | —— | 4, | Dowcra, read Docwra. |
| 47, | —— | 16, | John Ponsonby, read George. |
| 83, | —— | 16, | after 30 Oct 1496, read 12 Hen. VII. |
| 88, | —— | 22, | Denham deceased, read appointed a Baron in England. |
| 106, | —— | 24, | Dongan deceased, read appointed a Baron of the Exchequer. |
| 109, | —— | 7, | Jeffrey, read Geffrey. |
| 114, | —— | 16, | after patent, 1858, read (27 Edw. III.) |
| 120, | —— | 9, | Keating read Keatinge. |
| 137, | —— | 8, | after patent, 1446, read (24 Hen. VI.) |
| 141, | —— | 9, | patent, 28 April, 1611. 9 Jac. I., read 1612. Jac. I. |
| 155, | —— | 7, | from the bottom, after patent, 19 Jan. 1661, read(11.) |
| 161, | —— | 14, | 1880, 1 Wm. IV., read 1881, 2 Wm. IV. |
| 161, | —— | 20, | 6 Wm. IV., read 7 Wm. IV., and line 28, patent, 1367, read (31.) |
| 161, | —— | 6, | from the bottom, after Inr. 2 Jan., read 1808. |
| 209, | —— | 9, | Belyng, read Bellyng. |
| 215, | —— | 8, | Carey, read Cary. |
| 233, | —— | 8, | In the commission, omit Francis Abp. of Dublin. ​ |
| 269, | line | 15, | 5 Wm. IV. April 29, after Right Hon. Louis Perrin, At-Gen., read Michael O'Loghlen, Sol-Gen. |
| 279, | —— | 25, | for such, read their. |
| 282, | —— | 5, | or, read and. |
| 283, | —— | 29, | numbers, read members. |
| 284, | —— | 4, | from the bottom, prevented, read presented. |
| 285, | —— | 16, | for 1604, read 11 April, 1614, and see the parliaments and councils of England, p. 264. |
| 286, | —— | 14, | were, read was. |
| 296, | —— | 16, | in, read with. |
| 301, | —— | 4, | from the bottom, was merely, read was not merely. |
| 303, | lines | 4 and 5, | read seem confirmed by this parliamentary ordeal, for such grounds properly supported, would satiate personal malignity and fix upon the culprit indelible disgrace." |
| 305, | line | 25, | Ximines, read Ximenes. |
| 311, | —— | 8, | was, read were. |
| 315, | —— | 5, | omit,"his successor or a few of." |
# Chronicle of the law officers of Ireland

* related portals: Ireland.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
CHRONICLE
OF
THE LAW OFFICERS
OF
IRELAND,
CONTAINING LISTS OF
LORD CHANCELLORS AND KEEPERS OF THE GREAT SEAL,
MASTERS OF THE ROLLS, CHIEF JUSTICES AND JUDGES OF THE COURTS OF KING'S BENCH, COMMON PLEAS, AND EXCHEQUER, ATTORNEYS, AND SOLICITORS GENERAL, WITH THE SERGEANTS-AT-LAW,
FROM THE EARLIEST PERIOD;
FESS AND ALLOWANCES FROM THE CROWN, TENURES OF OFFICES,
REFERENCES TO THE RECORDS, AND PATENTS OF PRECEDENCE.
ALSO,
A CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE
Of the Law Officers
WITH THE PROMOTIONS, DEATHS, OR RESIGNATIONS, FROM THE REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH TO THE PRESENT TIME
JUDGES' SALARIES IN 1698, AND FIXED BY THE 2 & 3 WILLIAM IV, WITH AN
OUTLINE OF THE LEGAL HISTORY OF IRELAND
AND COPIOUS INDEXES.
BY CONSTANTINE J. SMYTH, B.A., OF LINCOLN'S INN
LONDON:
HENRY BUTTERWORTH, LAW BOOKSELLER AND PUBLISHER, 7, FLEET STRBET. AND MILLIKEN AND SON, DUBLIN.
G. WOODFALL, angel court, skinner street, london.
TO
THE RIGHT HONOURABLE
SIR MICHAEL O'LOGHLEN, BART.,
MASTER OF THE ROLLS IN IRELAND,
WHOSE DISTINGUISHED LEGAL ATTAINMENTS
WERE THE
ORNAMENT OF THE BAR,
AND
SHED A LUSTRE ON THE NUMEROUS OFFICES HE FILLED;
WHOSE ELEVATION TO THE BENCH,
WHILST IT EXCITED UNIVERSAL APPROBATION,
GAVE TO THE PEOPLE OF IRELAND THE FIRST PROOF
THAT THEIR CIVIL RIGHTS WERE AT LENGTH
RESTORED;
This Work
IS,
WITH PERMISSION,
MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED.
CONTENTS.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Chronicle of the Kings of England/Modern History/Preface

THE MODERN HISTORY.
PREFACE,
addressed to Robert, earl of Gloucester.
To his most loving lord, Robert, son of king Henry, and earl of Gloucester, William, librarian of Malmesbury, wishes, after completing his victorious course on earth, eternal triumph in heaven. Many of the transactions of your father, of glorious memory, I have not omitted to record, both in the fifth book of my Regal History, and in those three smaller volumes, which I have intituled Chronicles. Your highness is now desirous that those events which, through the miraculous power of God, have taken place in modern time, in England, should be transmitted to posterity: truly, like all your other desires, a most noble one. For what more concerns the advancement of virtue; what more conduces to justice; than to recognize the divine favour towards good men, and his vengeance upon the wicked? What, too, can be more grateful, than to commit to the page of history, the exploits of brave men, by whose example others may shake off their indolence, and take up arms in defence of their country? As this task is committed to my pen, I think the narrative will proceed with exacter order, if, going back a little, I trace the series of years from the return of the empress into England, after the death of her husband. First, therefore, invoking the help of God, as is fitting, and purposing to write the truth, without listening to enmity, or sacrificing to favour, I shall begin as follows.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Martin of Troppau

From volume 9 of the work.
A chronicler, date of birth unknown; died 1278. His family name was Strebski, and, being by birth a native of Troppau (Oppavia), he is also known as Martinus Oppaviensis. In his youth he entered the Dominican Order at Prague, and, as the Bohemian monasteries of the Dominicans belonged to the Polish province of the order, he was usually known as Martinus Polonus. After the middle of the thirteenth century he went to Rome, was appointed papal chaplain and penitentiary by Clement IV (1265-8), and retained this position under the succeeding popes. On 22 June, 1278, Nicholas III appointed him Archbishop of Gnesen, and performed in person the episcopal consecration. Shortly afterwards Martin set out on his journey to Poland, but fell so seriously ill on the way that he was compelled to stop at Bologna. He died at this city in the same year, and found interment there. Martin is remembered chiefly for his epitome of the history of the world (Chronica Pontificum et Imperatorum), which was the favourite handbook of the later Middle Ages. The first edition appeared during the pontificate of Clement IV (1265-8); a second recension extends to the death of this pontiff, and a third to 1277. The "Chronicle" was arranged in such a manner that the popes were treated on one side of the codex, and the emperors on the opposite page. As each page contains fifty lines, and each line the historical matter of one year, each page covers a period of fifty years. Alike in matter and in arrangement he followed the old models. The work is entirely uncritical; his sources were to a great extent legendary, and this material is again employed by him in uncritical fashion. The "Chronicle" thus contains little true history, but chiefly a mass of fables and popular legends. He admits, for example, into his third edition the fable of Popess Joan (q. v.), which indeed owes to him its wide dissemination (Chronicle ed. in Mon. Germ., Script., XXII, 397-475). The "Chronicle" was continued by many imitators of Martin. The work printed at Turin in 1477 under the title "Martini Poloni Chronicon summorum Pontificum et Imperatorum" is, however, by a later author, and has no connexion with Martin of Troppau. Besides the "Chronicle", Martin is said to have also written sermons (Sermones de tempore et de Sanctis, Argentorati, 1484), a lexicon of canon law, and a work on the Greek Schism.
WEILAND, Introductia in Mon. Germ. hist. Script., XXII, 377; IDEM, in Archiv der Ges. für aeltere deutsche Geschichtskunde, XII, 1-79; WATTENBACH, Deutschlands Geschichtsquellen, II (6th ed.), 466-71; HURTER, Nomenclator, II (3rd ed), 420-1; MICHAEL, Gesch. des deutschen Volkes, III, 384-8; POTTHAST, Bibl. hist. medii œvi, 2nd ed., I, 771.-2.
J. P. KIRSCH.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Martyropolis

From volume 9 of the work.
A titular see, suffragan of Amida in the Province of Mesopotamia or Armenia Quarta. It was only a small town, named Maipherqat, but was rendered celebrated at the end of the fourth century, by its bishop, St. Maruthas. Enjoying great influence at the Roman and the Persian Courts, Maruthas was sent on several important missions to Seleucia-Ctesiphon or Constantinople and succeeded in obtaining religious liberty for the Persian Christians in 410. On his return from one of the journeys he brought back to Maipherqat from Persia many relics of the martyrs, in consequence of which the town became known as Martyropolis. The emperor Theodosius II aided Maruthas in this work of reconstruction and embellishment. Captured by the Persians under Anastasius I, the town was retaken by the Romans and successfully defended in the time of Justinian (Ahrens and Krüger, "Die sogenannte Kirchengeschichte des Zacharias Rhetor", 171-75; Procopius, "Bellum pers.", I, xxi, xxiii; "De ædificiis", III, 2). Its name was then changed for a short time to Justinianopolis (Malalas, "Chronographia", XVIII; P. G., XCVII, 629). Martyropolis is mentioned very often in the time of the wars between the Romans and the Persians, from 584 to 589 (Theophanis, "Chronographia", anno mundi 6077, 6079, 6080); Heraclius halted there in 624 (op. cit., 6116); in 712, it was in the hands of the Arabs (op. cit., 6204). Lequien (Oriens Christianus, II, 997-1002) mentions several of its Greek bishops, among them being the Metropolitan Basil who assisted at the conciliabulum of Photius in 878. We know, indeed, by a statement in the "Notitia episcopatuum" of Antioch, in the tenth century (Echos d'Orient, X, 93) that Martyropolis had been withdrawn from the jurisdiction of Amida, and become a metropolitan see. This town was one of the principal centres of Monophysitism; the "Revue de l'Orient chrétien", VI, 200, gives a list of twenty-seven Jacobite bishops. At present, Martyropolis is called Mefarkin, or Silvan; it is a caza of the vilayet of Diarbekir. The town, situated 42 miles north-east of Diarbekir, contains 7000 inhabitants, of whom 4000 are Mussulmans, 2000 schismatic Armenians, 430 Catholic Armenians, and about 511 Syrian Jacobites. It possesses 3 churches for these different religious communities.
CUINET, Le Turquie d'Asie, II, 470-72; CHAPOT, Le frontière de l'Euphrate (Paris, 1907), 359-61.
S. VAILHÉ
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Martin of Valencia

From volume 9 of the work.
(Juan Martin de Boil)
Born at Villa de Valencia, Spain, about the middle of the fifteenth century; died in the odour of sanctity at Tlalmanalco, Mexico, 31 August, 1534. He entered the Franciscan Order at Mayorga in the Province of Santiago, built the monastery of Santa Maria del Berrogal, and was the thief founder of the Custody of San Gabriel, for which he visited Rome. In 1523 he was chosen to head a band of twelve Franciscans who were to labour for the conversion of the Mexican natives. They reached their destination on May, 1524, and to the amazement of the Mexican chiefs were received with the most profound veneration by Hernando Cortes shortly after their arrival. (See FRIARS MINOR IN AMERICA.) Fr. Martin, as apostolic delegate, presided at the first ecclesiastical synod in the New World, 2 July, 1524. At the same time he established the Custody of the Holy Gospel, of which he was elected the first custos. After an interval of three years he was re-elected in 1830. He led a most penitential life, and he and his eleven companions the band known as the Twelve Apostles of Mexico, are said to have baptized several million natives.
HAROLD, Epitome Annalium FF. Minorum (Rome, 1672); GONZAGA, De Origine Seraphicae Religionis, II (Rome, 1587); MENDIETA, Historia Eclesiastica Indiana (Mexico, 1870); VETANCURT, Cronica de la Prov. del Santo Evangelo (Mexico, 1697); Menologio Franciscano (Mexico, 1697); TORQUEMADA, Monarquia Indiana, I (Madrid, 1723); PERUSINI, Cronologia, Historico-Legalis, III (Rome, 1752).
Zephyrin Engelhardt.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Martino Martini

From volume 9 of the work.
(Chinese name Wei).
Distinguished Austrian Jesuit missionary to the Chinese, in the seventeenth century. He was born at Trent in 1614; and on 8 October 1631, entered the Austrian province of his order; where he studied mathematics under Athanasius Kircher in the Roman College, probably with the intention of being sent to China. He set out for China in 1640, and arrived in 1643. While there he made great use of his talents as missionary, scholar, writer and superior. In 1650 he was sent to Rome as procurator for the Chinese Mission, and took advantage of the long, adventurous voyage (going first to the Philippines, from thence on a Dutch privateer to Batavia, he reached Bergen in Norway, 31 August 1653), to sift his valuable historical and cartographical data on China. During his sojourn in Europe the works were printed that made his name so famous. In 1658 he returned with provisionally favourable instructions on the question of ritual to China, where he laboured until his death in Hangtscheu, 6 June, 1661. According to the attestation of P, Prosper Intorcetta ("Litt. Annuae". 1861); his body was found undecayed twenty years after. Richthofen calls Martini "the leading geographer of the Chinese mission, one who was unexcelled, and hardly equaled, during the eighteenth century . . . There was no other missionary, either before or after, who made such diligent use of his time in acquiring information about the country." (China, I, 674 sq.)
Martini's most important work is his "Novus Atlas Sinensis" (Vienna, 1653), with 17 maps and 171 pages of text, a work which is, according to Richthofen, "the most complete geographical description of China that we possess, and through which Martini has become the father of geographical learning on China". Of the great chronological work which Martini had planned, and which was to comprise the whole Chinese history from the earliest age, one the first part appeared: "Sinicæ Historiæ, Decas I" (Munich, 1658). His "De Bello Tartarico Historiæ" (Cologne, 1654) is also important as Chinese history, for Martini himself had lived through the frightful occurrences which brought about the overthrow of the ancient Ming dynasty. The works have been repeatedly published and translated into different languages (cf. Sommervogel, "Bibliothè" . . . etc.). Interesting as missionary history is his "Brevis relatione de numero et qualitate Christianorum apud Sinæ" (Rome, 1654; Cologne, 1655; Ger. ed., 1654). Besides these, Martini wrote a series of theological and apologetical works in Chinese. Several works, among them a Chinese translation of the works of Suarez, still exist in his handwriting (cf. Sommervogel and H. Cardier, "Essai d'une bibliographie des ouvrages publié en Chine parles Europé" Paris, 1882).
The scientific correspondence between Martini and his distinguished teacher. P. ATHANANSIUS KIRCHER, is to be found in his Magnes (3rd ed., Rome, 1654), 316, 318, 348. An excellent appreciation by SCHRAMEIER of Martini is to be found in Peking Society, II, 99-119; cf. also Globus, LXXXVII p. 157.
A. HUONDER
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Martyrology of Usuard

From volume 15 of the work.
Usuard was a Benedictine monk of the Abbey of St-Germain-des-Prés, Paris. He seems to have died about the year 875, and the prologue in which he offers to Charles the Bald his most important work, the "Martyrology", which he had undertaken at that monarch's instigation, was apparently written very shortly before the author's death. Usuard was a prominent member of his order and he had been sent on a mission to Spain in 858 to procure certain important relics, of which journey an account is still preserved (see Acta SS., July, VI, 459). The "Martyrologium" which bears his name, a compilation upon which the existing Roman Martyrology depends very closely, remained throughout the Middle Ages the most famous document of its kind, and is preserved to us in innumerable manuscripts, of which Dom Quentin gives a partial list (Martyrologes historiques, 1908, pp. 675-7). The rather complicated history of the evolution of the early medieval martyrologia culminating in Usuard's work has for the first time been accurately told by Dom Quentin in the book just cited. It has, however, long been known that Usuard provided what was substantially an abridgement of Ado's "Martyrology" (see Ado of Vienne) in a form better adapted for practical liturgical use. In certain points, however, Usuard reverted to a Lyonese recension of Bede's augmented "Martyrology", which was attributed to the famous archdeacon Florus. But the story of the relation of these texts, unravelled for the first time by Dom Quentin, is too complicated to be detailed here. The text of Usuard's "Martyrologium" was carefully edited by Dom Bouillant (Paris, 1718) from manuscript Latisi 13745 at Paris, which, if not the autograph of the author, dates at any rate from his time. A still more elaborate edition was brought out by the Bollandist Du Sollier in Acta SS., June, VI. It has been reprinted in P.L., CXXIII-CXXIV.
HERBERT THURSTON
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Theodore Abucara

From volume 1 of the work.
​Abucara, Theodore, a bishop of Caria in Syria; d., probably, in 770. In his anti-heretical dialogues (P. G., XCVII. 1461–1609) he claimed frequently to reproduce the identical words of the great Eastern theologian, St. John of Damascus, whoso disciple he was. St. John addressed to him the famous discourses in defence of the sacred images. There are attempts to identify him with a Bishop Theodore of Caria who attended the Eighth Œcumenical Council of Constantinople (869).
Marin, in Dict. théol. cath., 1, 287.
Thomas Walsh.