OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Hermenigild, a saint

Hermenigild (Ermenigild), St., Visigoth Catholic prince in Spain, son of the Arian king Leovigild. Hermenigild and Reccared were sons of Leovigild's first wife (Joh. Bicl. apud Esp. Sagr. vi. 378), who was dead in 569. The dates of their births are unknown (? 560–562), but Hermenigild was the elder. In 573 both sons were made "consortes regni" (ib.). Most probably between 573 and 575 (cf. Greg. Tur. iv. 38) Hermenigild was betrothed to the Catholic Frankish princess Ingunthis, the daughter of Sigibert of Rheims. In 579 (Joh. Bicl. l.c. 381) Ingunthis, then 12 years old, reached Spain, and, owing to dissensions between her and her Arian grandmother, Leovigild sent the newly married pair to a distance, assigning to Hermenigild the government of Baetica, or part of it, with Seville for a capital (ib.). Here later in 579 (cf. Görres, Kritische Untersuch. über den Aufstand und das Martyrium des Westgoth. Königsohnes Hermenigild, in Zeitschrift für Hist Theol. 1873, i. n. 83; Dahn, Kön. der Germ. v. 137, gives 580 as the year) Hermenigild renounced Arianism, was confirmed in the Catholic faith by Leander the Catholic metropolitan of Seville, and took the name of Joannes (Greg. Tur. v. 39; Greg. Magn. Dial. iii. 31; Paul. Diac. iii. 21). This was immediately followed by the rebellion of Hermenigild (Joh. Bicl. l.c.), who shortly afterwards formed a close alliance with the Byzantines in the south, and with the recently catholicized Suevi in the north, i.e. with the two most formidable enemies of his father's state and power (cf. Dahn, v. 138). Thus the struggle shaped itself as a conflict of confessions and nationalities, of Arianism and Catholicism, of Goth and Roman, although Leovigild had adherents among the provincials, and Hermenigild counted some Gothic partisans (ib. 140).
It was not till the end of 582 that Leovigild felt himself strong enough to attack his son. Seville fell in 584 (Joh. Bicl. l.c. 383), and shortly afterwards Hermenigild was captured in or near Cordova (ib.; Greg. Tur. v. 39, vi. 43), deprived of the government of Baetica, and exiled to Valencia. In 585 Hermenigild was put to death (Joh. Bicl. 384). Isidore does not mention her death at all. Gregory of Tours mentions it in passing (Hist. Fr. viii. 28). Upon the account given by Gregory the Great alone (Dial. iii. 31) rests the claim of Hermenigild to be considered not as a rebel suffering the penalty of a political crime, but as a martyr for the Catholic faith. According to the pope, Hermenigild, after a painful imprisonment, was beheaded on the night of Easter Sunday, by his father's apparitores, because he had refused to receive the sacrament from the hands of an Arian bishop. After the execution, miracles were not wanting to substantiate his claim to veneration. In his grave, according to Gregory, were laid the foundations of Visigothic Catholicism; for, after Leovigild's death, his son Reccared was converted by Leander and led the whole people of the Visigoths to the true faith.
[M.A.W.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Hermias (5), a Christian philosopher

Hermias (5), a Christian philosopher, author of the Irrisio Gentilium Philosophorum, annexed in all Bibliothecae Patrum to the works of Athenagoras (Migne, Patr. Gk. vi. 1167). It was published in Greek and Latin at Basle in 1553. It consists of satirical reflections on the opinions of the philosophers, shewing how Anaxagoras, Empedocles, Pythagoras, Epicurus, etc. agree only in repelling and refuting one another. Who the author was seems to have baffled all inquiries. Some identify him with Hermias Sozomen the ecclesiastical historian. Even the martyr of May 31 has been suggested (Ceillier, vi. 332). Cave (i. 81) attributes the work to the 2nd cent. As it was plainly written when heathenism was triumphant, Ceillier (u.s.) places it under Julian. Neander (H. E. ii. 429, ed. Bohn) regards Hermias as "one of those bitter enemies of the Greek philosophy whom Clement of Alexandria thought it necessary to censure, and who, following the idle Jewish legend, pretended that the Greek philosophy had been derived from fallen angels. In the title of his book he is called the philosopher; perhaps he wore the philosopher's mantle before his conversion, and after it passed at once from an enthusiastic admiration of the Greek pilosophy to extreme abhorrence of it" (Du Pin H. E. t. i. p. 69, ed. 1723). The latest ed. is by H. Diels, in Doxographi Graeci (Berlin, 1879).
[G.T.S.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Hesychius (27) Illustris, a writer

Hesychius (27) Illustris, a copious historical and biographical writer, the son of an advocate and born at Miletus. His distinctive name (Ἰλλούστριος) was the official title conferred by Constantine the Great on the highest rank of state officers. Nothing is known of him except that he lived in the reigns of Anastasius, Justin, and Justinian, and that his literary labours were cut short by grief at the premature death of a son named John. Suidas doubts whether he was a Christian on the somewhat precarious ground of his omission of all ecclesiastical writers in his work on men of learning. But very substantial reasons have been produced on the other side by Cave (Hist. Lit. t. i. p. 518) and accepted by Fabricius. His chief work was a Universal History in six books and in a synoptical form through a period of 1920 years, reaching from Belus, the reputed founder of the Assyrian empire, to the death of Anastasius I., a.d. 518. The whole has perished except the initial portion of bk. vi., which has been several times printed under the title of Constantinopolis Origines, or Antiquitates. It was published by George Dousa, and ascribed to Georgius Codinus (Heidelberg, 1596), and subsequently by Meursius, under the name of its real author, appended to his de Viris Claris (Lugd. Bat. 1613). It was followed by a supplement, recording the reign of Justin, and the early years of Justinian. This, as the work of a contemporary whose official position enabled him to obtain accurate information, must have been of great historical value, and its loss is very much to be regretted. Hesychius also wrote a series of biographical notices of learned men, which, going over very much the same ground as the work of Diogenes Laertius, has been supposed to be an epitome of the Vitae Philosophorum. A comparison of the two will shew that the differences are too great to admit this idea. This work has been printed by Meursius (Lugd. Bat. 1613). Without sufficient grounds Hesychius Illustris has been identified with the lexicographer of Alexandria. Cave, l.c.; Suidas, s.v.; Photius, Cod. 69; Fabr. Bibl. Graec. t. vii. p. 544; Thorschmidius, de Hesychii Illustri, ap. Orellium Hesychio Opera.
[E.V.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Hesychius (3), Egyptian bp

Hesychius (3) (Hesechius), bp. of an Egyptian see, mentioned as the author, with Phileas, Theodorus, and Pachumius, of a letter to Meletius, schismatic bp. of Lycopolis in Egypt. The letter, given in a Latin version in Gallandius, Bibl. Patrum, iv. 67, is a remonstrance to Meletius on his irregular ordinations in other dioceses, and was written (c. 296) when the authors were in prison and Peter of Alexandria alive. The martyrdom of Hesychius under Galerius, with Phileas, Pachumius, and Theodorus, is recorded in Eus. Hist. Eccl. viii. 13. This Hesychius has been usually identified with the reviser of the text of the LXX, and of N.T., or at least of the Gospels, which obtained extensive currency in Egypt. There are no grounds for questioning the truth of this conjecture. This Hesychian recension is mentioned more than once by Jerome, who states that it was generally accepted in Egypt, as that of his fellow-martyr, Lucian of Antioch, was in Asia Minor and the East (Hieron. Praef. in Paralipom. ad Chromat. Ep. 107, repeated in Apologia II. adv. Rufin. vol. i. p. 763, Paris, 1609). Jerome also refers to it as "exemplaria Alexandrina" (in Esai. lviii. 11). We know little or nothing more of this edition of the LXX. It was doubtless an attempt, like that of Lucian, to purify the text in use in Egypt, by collating various manuscripts and by recourse to other means of assistance at hand. Jerome speaks with some contempt of his labours in the field of O.T. recension, and still more of his and Lucian's recension of the Gospels. If we interpret his words strictly, Hesychius, as well as Lucian, added so much to the text as to lay them open to the charge of falsifying the Gospels and rendering their work "apocryphal" (Hieron. Praef. in Evang. cad Damasum). The words of the famous Decretal of Gelasius (c. 500) "on ecclesiastical books," which are, however, regarded by Credner (Zur Gesch. d. K. p. 216) as additions to the original decree "made at the time it was republished in Spain under the name of Hormisdas, c. 700–800" (Westcott, Hist. of Can. p. 448, n. 1), are equally condemnatory: "Evangelia quae falsavit Isicius [Hesychius]—Apocrypha" (Labbe, Conc. iv. 126). Westcott pronounces Hug's speculations as to the influence of this recension, "of which nothing is certainly known," "quite unsatisfactory" (ib.).
[E.V.]
# Dictionary of Christian Biography and Literature to the End of the Sixth Century/Hierocles (1), Neoplatonic philosopher

Hierocles (1), a native of a small town in Caria, born at latest c. 275. He was a Neoplatonic philosopher, to be distinguished from the 5th-cent. philosopher HIEROCLES (2). Lactantius supposed him to have been in early life a Christian, as he displayed in his writings such intimate knowledge of Scripture and Christian teaching. He must have been an active and able administrator, as he seems to have risen rapidly by his own exertions. In an inscription at Palmyra (Corp. Inscript. Lat. t. iii. no. 133) his name occurs as ruler of that city under Diocletian and Maximian, Galerius and Constantius being Caesars. Here he probably came in contact with Galerius and impressed the Caesar with a respect for his abilities on his famous Persian expedition, when the first seeds of the persecution were sown, 297–302. The expression reiterated by Lactantius, that he was the "author and adviser of the persecution," lends support to this view. He was translated as prefect in 304 or 305 to Bithynia after the persecution broke out, and in 305 or 306 was promoted to the government of Alexandria, as is proved by the fact that Eusebius records the martyrdom of Aedesius at Alexandria as occurring by his orders a short time after that of Apphianus, which he dates Apr. 2, 306 (cf. Eus. Mart. Pal. cc. iv. v.; Epiphanius, Haer. lxviii.; Assem. Mart. Orient. ii. 195). Hierocles seems to have there displayed the same bloodthirsty cruelty as marked another philosophic persecutor, Theotecnus. He wrote a book against Christianity, entitled Λόγος φιλαλήθης πρὸς τοὺς Χριστιανούς, in which he brought forward various scriptural difficulties and alleged contradictions and instituted comparisons between the life and miracles of Jesus Christ and of Apollonius of Tyana. To this Eusebius replied in a treatise yet extant, Liber contra Hieroclem, wherein he shews that Apollonius was "so far from being comparable to Jesus Christ that he did not deserve to be ranked among the philosophers" (Du Pin, H. E. i. 155, art. "Eusebius"). Duchesne, in an acute treatise on the then lately discovered works of Macarius Magnes (Paris, Klinksieck, 1877), suggests that the work of Hierocles embodied the objections drawn by Porphyry from Holy Scripture, and that the work of Macarius was a reply to them, and suggests that Hierocles wrote his book while ruling at Palmyra before the persecution. Coming from a man in his position, it would carry great weight in the region of the Euphrates. Macarius, therefore, as a dweller in that region (Duchesne, p. ii), and Eusebius, replied. Fleury, H. E. t. ii. 1. viii. § 30; Tillem. Mém. xiii. 333; Hist. des Emp. iv. 307; Neander, H. E. t. i. pp. 201, 240, ed. Bohn; Macar. Mag. ed. Blondel; Mason, Dioclet. Persec. pp. 58, 108; Herzog, Real-Encyc. art. "Hierocles." Dr. Gaisford, of Oxford, pub. in 1852 the treatises of Eusebius against Hierocles and against Marcellus.
[G.T.S.]
# Deserted

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Deserted."
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* "Deserted" (1878, "A briery lane, where wild birds sing"), a poem by J. C. H.
* "Deserted" (1917, "None know her; none remember her"), a poem by John Cowper Powys
* "Deserted" (1923, "Into the ancient courtyard only come"), a poem by Elizabeth Jane Coatsworth
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Europa

​EURO′PA (Εὐρώπη), according to the Iliad (xiv. 321), a daughter of Phoenix, but according to the common tradition a daughter of Agenor, was carried off by Zeus, who had metamorphosed himself into a bull, from Phoenicia to Crete. (Apollod. iii. 1. § 1; Mosch. ii. 7; Herod, i. 173; Paus. vii. 4. § 1, ix. 19. § 1; Ov. Met. ii. 839, &c.; Comp. Agenor.) Europe, as a part of the world, was believed to have received its name from this fabulous Phoenician princess. (Hom. Hymn. in Apoll. 251; Herod, iv. 45.) There are two other mythical personages of this name (Hes. Theog. 357; Pind. Pyth. iv. 46.), which occurs also as a surname of Demeter. (Pans. ix. 39. § 4.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Euryale

​EURY′ALE (Εὐρυάλη), the name of three mythical beings. (Hes. Theog. 276; Pind. Pyth. xxii. 20; Apollod. i. 4. § 3; Val. Flacc. v. 312; comp. Orion.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Euryanax

​EURY′ANAX (Εὐρυάναξ), a Spartan of the royal house of the Agids. He was the son of Dorieus, and was one of the commanders of the Lacedaemonians at the battle of Plataeae, B. C. 479. (Herod, ix. 10, 53, 55.) [See Dorieus, vol. i. p. 1067, a.] [C.P. M.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eurybates

​EURY′BATES (Εὐρυβάτης). 1. By Latin writers called Eribotes, was a son of Teleon, and one of the Argonauts. He was skilled in the medical art, and dressed the wound which Oileus received from one of the Stymphalian birds. (Apollon. Rhod. i. 73, ii. 1040; Hygin. Fab. 14; Val. Flacc. i. 402.)
2. The herald of Odysseus, who followed his master to Troy. He is humorously described as hump-backed, of a brown complexion, and with curly hair; but he was honoured by his master, since he was kind and obedient. (Hom. Il. i. 319, ii. 184, ix. 170, Od. xix. 246.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Eurotas

​EURO′TAS (Εὐρώτας), a son of Myles and grandson of Lelex. He was the father of Sparte, the wife of Lacedaemon, and is said to have carried the waters, stagnating in the plain of Lacedaemon, into the sea by means of a canal, and to have called the river which arose therefrom after his own name, Eurotas. (Paus. iii. 1. § 2.) Apollodorus (iii. 10. § 3) calls him a son of Lelex by the nymph Cleochareia, and in Stephanus of Byzantium (s. v. Ταΰγετον) his mother is called Taygete. (Corap. Schol. ad Pind. Pyth. iv. 15, Ol. vi. 46, ad Lycoph. 886.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Europs

​EUROPS (Εὔρωψ), the name of two mythical personages, the one a son of Aegialeus and king of Sicyon, and the other a son of Phoroneus. (Paus. ii. 5. § 5, 34. § 5.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Europus

​EURO′PUS (Εὔρωπός), a son of Macedon and Oreithyia, the daughter of Cecrops, from whom the town of Europus in Macedonia was believed to have received its name. (Steph. Byz. s. v.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Euryalus

​EURY′ALUS (Εὐρύαλος). 1. A son of Mecisteus, is mentioned by Apollodorus (i. 9. § 16) among the Argonauts, and was one of the Epigoni who took and destroyed Thebes. (Paus. ii. 20. § 4; Apollod. iii. 7. § 2.) He was a brave warrior, and at the funeral games of Oedipus he conquered all his competitors (Hom. Il. xxiii. 608) with the exception of Epeius, who excelled him in wrestling. He accompanied Diomedes to Troy, where he was one of the bravest heroes, and slew several Trojans. (Il. ii. 565, vi. 20; Paus. ii. 30. § 9.) In the painting of Polygnotus at Delphi, he was represented as being wounded; and there was also a statue of him at Delphi, which stood between those of Diomedes and Aegialeus. (Paus. x. 10. § 2, 25. § 2.)
2. One of the suitors of Hippodameia. (Paus. vi. 21. § 7; Schol. ad Pind. Ol. i. 127.)
3. A son of Odysseus and Evippe, also called Doryclus or Leontophron, was killed by Telemachus. (Parthen. Erot. 3; Eustath. ad Hom. p. 1796.) There are four other mythical personages of this name. (Apollod. i. 8. § 5; Hom. Od. viii. 115, &c.; Virg. Aen. ix. 176, &c.; Paus. iv. 20. § 3.) [L. S.]
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology/Euryanassa

​EURYANASSA. [Pelops.]
# Congdon. v. Goodman/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
67 U.S. 574
Congdon. v. Goodman
This writ of error is directed to the Supreme Court of Tennessee, and is brought to revise a decree of that Court which declared null and void a certain sale and lease of school lands in Polk County, under which sale and lease the plaintiffs in error claimed title to these lands.
The statement of the facts in the transcript will show that the validity of this sale and lease depended altogether upon the laws of the State, and the proceedings of the State authorities. The plaintiffs in error do not claim under any laws of Congress, or any authority exercised by the United States. On the contrary, they deny the authority of Congress to pass the Act of 1843, (which is the only Act of Congress referred to,) and claim that a lease for ninety-nine years, made by the School Commissioners under a law of the State, was valid, and passed the title for the term, although in direct opposition to the provisions of the Act of Congress. Such a controversy, where no right is claimed under the Constitution or laws of the United States, is exclusively within the jurisdiction of the State Court, and this Court has no appellate power over its judgment. This writ must therefore be dismissed for want of jurisdiction.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Congo

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Congo."
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## Poems

* "The Congo" (1915, "Fat black bucks in a wine-barrel room"), poem by Nicholas Vachel Lindsay

## Reference works

* Congo (1911), in 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica
* Congo (1982), in The World Factbook (1982)
* Congo (1990), in The World Factbook (1990)
* The Congo (1914), in The New Student's Reference Work

## See also

* Portal:Republic of the Congo
* Portal:Democratic Republic of the Congo
* Portal:Belgian Congo
# Conformity

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Conformity."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Conformity (1898), a poetic work by Robert Herrick
* Conformity (1842), a work by Charlotte Elizabeth Tonna
# Confusion of tongues

Confusion of tongues is a story in Genesis that attempts to explain the origin of the diversity of human languages, and is also commonly known as the Babel story after the setting.
English-language translations of Confusion of tongues include:
* Ȝecyndbōc#Babeles_stypel
* Bible_(Early_Wycliffe)/Geneſis#Capitulum_XI. (first printing, c. 1384)
* Bible_(Wycliffe)/Genesis#Chapter_11 (revised by Purvey et al., c. 1394)
* Bible_(Tyndale)/Genesis#Chapter_11 (1526)
* Bible_(Coverdale)/Genesis#A_11 (1535)
* Bible_(Bishops')/Genesis#Chapter_11 (1568)
* Bible_(King_James_Version,_1611)/Genesis#11:1 (first printing, 1611)
* King James version (tercentenary printing, 1911)
# Congdon. v. Goodman

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
67 U.S. 574
Congdon. v. Goodman
Error to the Supreme Court of the State of Tennessee.
The defendants in error in this cause were the Common School Commissioners of the Eighth Civil District of Polk County, Tennessee, who in that character filed their bill on the 13th of February, 1856, in the Chancery Court at Benton, to impeach and set aside a lease for ninety-nine years, made by their predecessors, of the Common School Section of land in that district, and a sale made of the same land under an order of the Circuit Court of the County. The validity of the sale and lease was impeached and maintained upon the authority of State laws. The Chancery Court dismissed the bill. On appeal to the Supreme Court of Tennessee, the decree was reversed and the case remanded for final proceedings. Defendants below thereupon sued out their writ of error in the Supreme Court of the United States.
Mr. Meigs, of Tennessee, for Plaintiff in Error.
No counsel appeared for Defendants in Error.
Mr. Chief Justice TANEY.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Aboccis

​ABOCCIS or ABUNCIS (Άβουγκίς, Ptol. iv. 7. § 16; Plin. vi. 29. s. 35. § 181, Aboccis in old editions, Abuncis in Sillig's: Aboosimbel or Ipsambul), a town in Aethiopia, between the Second Cataract and Syene, situated on the left bank of the Nile, celebrated on account of the two magnificent grotto temples, which were discovered at this place by Belzoni. The walls of the larger of the two temples are covered with paintings, which record the victories of Ramses III. over various nations of Africa and Asia. (Kenrick, Ancient Egypt, vol. i. p. 24, seq.)