OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Becher, Johann Joachim

Edition of 1879. See also Johann Joachim Becher on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECHER, Johann Joachim, a German chemist, born in Spire in 1625, died in London in October, 1682. In spite of adverse circumstances, he acquired a knowledge of medicine, physics, and chemistry, became professor at Mentz, and in 1660 imperial councillor at Vienna and first physician to the elector of Bavaria. He endeavored to promote industry and a spirit of enterprise in Vienna, but incurred the displeasure of the court, and after many unfortunate experiences in various places he ended his life in London. His fame rests on his Physica Subterranea, (Frankfort-on-the-Main, 1669), establishing a close relation between chemistry and medical science, and on his founding the theoretical basis of chemistry.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Beck, David

Edition of 1879. See also David Beck on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECK, or Beek, David, a Dutch portrait painter, one of the ablest pupils of Vandyke, born in 1621, died at the Hague in 1656. He painted with so much rapidity, that Charles I. of England exclaimed, “Faith, Beck, I believe you could paint riding post.” Queen Christina of Sweden employed him in painting the portraits of European sovereigns, and chiefly her own portrait. He travelled extensively, and while sick in Germany he was thought dead and prepared for the grave, but revived and was gradually restored to life. His subsequent death was ascribed to poison.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Beck, Karl

Edition of 1879. See also Karl Isidor Beck on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECK, Karl, a German poet, born at Baja, Hungary, May 1, 1817. He is the son of a Jewish merchant, studied in Pesth, Vienna, and Leipsic, and has since 1848 chiefly resided in Vienna.
His first poems appeared in 1838 and 1839, and his reputation was established by his novel in verse, Janko, der ungarische Rosshirt (Leipsic, 1842). Among his principal succeeding works are: Lieder vom armen Mann (Berlin, 1846); Aus der Heimath (Dresden, 1852); Mater Dolorosa (Berlin, 1853); Jadwiga (Leipsic, 1863); and Elegieen (Vienna, 1869). He wrote a drama entitled Saul (Leipsic, 1841), not adapted for the stage. Many of his works, especially Janko, are remarkable for their delineation of Hungarian characteristics. A collection of his poems (Gesammelte Gedichte, Berlin, 1844) has passed through many editions.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Bechstein, Johann Matthäus

Edition of 1879. See also Johann Matthäus Bechstein on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECHSTEIN, Johann Matthäus, a German ornithologist and forester, born in Waltershausen, Saxe-Gotha, July 11, 1757, died in 1822. Having visited the most celebrated hunting grounds of Germany, he opened at Kemnate a school of forestry, and became in 1800 the director of the Saxe-Meiningen academy of forestry. His principal works are Gemeinnützige Naturgeschichte Deutschlands (4 vols., Leipsic, 1789-'95; 2d ed., 1801-'9), and Naturgeschichte der Stubenvögel (4th ed., Halle, 1840).
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Becker, Gottfried Wilhelm

Edition of 1879. See also Gottfried Wilhelm Becker and Carl Ferdinand Becker (organist) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BECKER. I. Gottfried Wilhelm, a German physician and writer, born in Leipsic, Feb. 22, 1778, died there, Jan. 17, 1854. He translated some of Cooper's novels, and Le mie prigioni of Silvio Pellico. By his literary labors he accumulated $40,000, to which his son Karl Ferdinand added a house of the value of $7,000, appropriating the whole amount to the establishment of an educational and charitable institution for the blind at Leipsic. II. Karl Ferdinand, a German musician, son of the preceding, born in Leipsic, July 17, 1804. He studied the piano, harmony, and composition under Friedrich Schneider, and at the age of 14 made his first public appearance as a pianist. Soon after this he turned his attention specially to the organ, and became professor of the organ and of harmony at the Leipsic conservatory. He has published several pieces for the piano, not of great value, and made important collections of chorals; but he is better known as a writer on musical art than as either a composer or compiler. He contributed largely to musical journals, among others to the Cæcilia, edited by Gottfried Weber, the Eufonia, the Tageblatt, and the Zeitgenossen. Finally, when Robert Schumann established his Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, Becker became one of its most constant contributors. He has published Rathgeber für Organisten (Leipsic, 1828); Systematisch-chronologische Darstellung der musikalischen Literatur (1836); Die Hausmusik in Deutschland in dem 16., 17. und 18. Jahrhundert (1840); an index of musical works published during the 16th and 17th centuries (Die Tonwerke des 16. und 17. Jahrhunderts, 1847); Die Tonkünstler des 19. Jahrhunderts (1849), &c.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Lunalilo, William Charles

Edition of 1879. See also Lunalilo on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LUNALILO, William Charles, sixth king of the Hawaiian Islands, born in Honolulu, Jan. 31, 1835, died there, Feb. 3, 1874. He was descended from the chieftain Keoua, the father of Kamehameha I., who united the islands under one government. Lunalilo's mother, Kekauluohi, was the daughter of Kaleimamahu, a half brother of Kamehameha I. In Hawaiian descent the maternal rather than the paternal lineage ennobles; and Lunalilo thus inherited from his mother the highest rank among the hereditary chiefs, though his father, Charles Kanaina, the second husband of Kekauluohi, was a commoner. Lunalilo was educated at the royal school established by the American missionaries at Honolulu in 1839. There, in company with Kamehameha IV. and V., and other scions of the chiefs, he became well versed in the common branches of an English education, displaying particular tastes for literature and poetry. In 1860 he visited California with the chiefs Lot and David, who respectively preceded and succeeded him as king. His disposition was amiable. Before his accession to the throne his habits were dissipated, but he became a good and popular ruler. His predecessor, Kamehameha V., died Dec. 11, 1872, without appointing a successor. On Jan. 1, 1873, Lunalilo received the votes of nearly all the electors in the kingdom; on the 8th of the same month the legislature confirmed his election; and on the 9th he was crowned king. He too died without appointing a successor, after a reign of one year and 25 days; and on the 12th of the same month the chief David Kalakaua was appointed king by the legislature.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Luna

Edition of 1879. See also Luna (goddess) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LUNA, or Selene (Lat. and Gr., the moon), a goddess worshipped by the Greeks and Romans. In Greek mythology she is said to be a daughter of Hyperion and Theia, and sister of Helios (the sun) and Eos (the morning), though some authorities ascribe a different parentage. As the sister of Phœbus she is sometimes called Phœbe. By Endymion she had 50 daughters, and by Zeus she was the mother of Ersa, Nemea, and Pandia. She was described as having long wings and a golden diadem, and being very beautiful. Her statue at Elis had two horns. She rode across the heavens in a chariot drawn by two white horses, cows, or mules. In art she is represented with a long robe, her veil forming an arch over her head, and above that a crescent. Among the Romans her worship is said to have been introduced by T. Tatius, in the time of Romulus. She had a temple on the Aventine hill, built by Servius Tullius, another on the Capitoline, and a third on the Palatine. The last named was lighted up every night, and the goddess was there worshipped under the name of Noctiluca. Because of her greater influence on the Roman method of calculating time, she was held in higher reverence than Sol, the sun.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Luna, Pedro de

Edition of 1879. See also Antipope Benedict XIII on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
LUNA, Pedro de, a Spanish ecclesiastic, antipope under the name of Benedict XIII., born in Aragon in 1334, died in Peniscola, Valencia, in 1424. He belonged to an old family of Spanish grandees, and devoted himself at first to the study and teaching of jurisprudence. He was made a cardinal by Gregory XI., and the antipope Clement VII. appointed him legate to Paris in order to cause Charles VI. to resist the dictum of the Paris university that both popes of that time, Clement VII. of Avignon and Boniface IX. of Rome, should resign. After Clement's death in 1394 the cardinals of Avignon elected Luna as his successor, on the condition that he should labor to quell the schism, and should resign the papal dignity whenever the pope of Rome should do the same, or the college of cardinals demand it. Luna, however, once pope, only furthered the widening of the schism, and when called upon to lay down the tiara firmly refused, whereupon it was finally agreed in a council held at Paris in 1398 to refuse obedience to him. Charles VI. attempted to compel him to resign by keeping the town of Avignon for several years in a state of siege; but Luna escaped, and in 1403, popular sentiment being again in his favor, he was recognized as the legitimate pope by France, Castile, Portugal, and Sicily. It was discovered, however, that Luna himself would do nothing to restore the unity of the church, and hence in 1407 he was again refused obedience. Luna put the disobedient under ban; but at length the council of Pisa in 1409 deposed both him and Gregory XII., and elected Alexander V. Aragon, Castile, and Scotland, however, continued to give him their support till, refusing to resign in
obedience to the council of Constance, he was deposed July 26, 1417, and forsaken by the powers that had hitherto supported him. He shut himself up in the fortress of Peniscola, where he held out obstinately till his death.
# Terminations

Contains the short stories "The Death of the Lion", "The Coxon Fund", "The Middle Years" and "The Altar of the Dead".
* Terminations (London: William Heinemann, 1895)
    — English issue of the first edition; published 15 May 1895, in an initial print run of 1000 copies, and sold at 6/-, A second impression of 500 copies was issued in July 1895. A colonial edition was also issued, and there are many binding variants including bindings that combine domestic and colonial sheets.
* Terminations (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1895)
    — American issue of the first edition; published 18 June 1895, and sold at $1.25.
# Terminal Taxicab Company v. Kutz

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
241 U.S. 252
Terminal Taxicab Company v. Kutz
Argued: May 2 and 3, 1916. --- Decided: May 22, 1916
Mr. G. Thomas Dunlop for appellant.
Mr. Conrad H. Syme for appellees.
Mr. Justice Holmes delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act 1918

* related portals: Parliament of the United Kingdom.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article.
Source: https://archive.org/stream/lawofcontractdur00trotuoft#page/n10/mode/1up
8 & 9 Geo. V, c. 59 (U.K.)
An Act to make provision for determining the date of the termination of the present war, and for purposes connected therewith
[Assented to 21st November, 1918.]
BE it enacted by the King’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:—
1.(1) His Majesty in Council may declare what date is to be treated as the date of the termination of the present war, and the present war shall be treated as having continued to, and as having ended on that date for the purposes of any provision in any Act of Parliament, Order in Council, or Proclamation, and, except where the context otherwise requires, of any provision in any contract, deed, or other instrument referring, expressly or impliedly, and in whatever form of words, to the present war or the present hostilities.
    Provided that in the case of any such Act conferring powers on any Government Department, or any officer of any Government Department, exerciseable during the continuance of the present war, if it appears to His Majesty that it is expedient that the powers shall cease before the date so fixed as aforesaid, His Majesty in Council may fix some earlier date for the termination of those powers.
(2) The date so declared shall be as nearly as may be the date of the exchange or deposit of ratifications of the treaty or treaties of peace:
    Provided that, notwithstanding anything in this provision, the date declared as aforesaid shall be conclusive for all purposes of this Act.
(3) His Majesty in Council may also similarly declare what date is to be treated as the date of the termination of war between His Majesty and any particular State.
2. This Act may be cited as the Termination of the Present War (Definition) Act, 1918.
This work is in the public domain worldwide because it is one of the following types of legislation in the United Kingdom or its predecessor states, and received Royal Assent or the approval of HM in Council (as applicable) before 1974:
* Act of Parliament
* Act of the Scottish Parliament
* Measure of the National Assembly for Wales
* Act of Senedd Cymru (formerly known as an Act of the National Assembly for Wales)
* Act of the Northern Ireland Assembly
* Measure of the General Synod of the Church of England
See section 164 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (as amended).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Terminal Warehouse Company v. Pennsylvania Railroad Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
297 U.S. 500
Terminal Warehouse Company v. Pennsylvania Railroad Company
Argued: Jan. 15, 16, 1936. --- Decided: March 2, 1936
Messrs. Thomas Raeburn White, of Philadelphia, Pa., and J. J. Hickey, of Washington, D.C., for petitioner.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 501-502 intentionally omitted]
Mr. John Hamp on Barnes, of Philadelphia, Pa., for respondent Pennsylvania R. Co.
Mr. Robert T. McCracken, of Philadelphia, Pa., for respondent, Merchants Warehouse Co.
Mr. Justice CARDOZO delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Terminations (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1895)

American issue of the first edition; published 18 June 1895, and sold at $1.25.
TERMINATIONS
The Death of the Lion
The Coxon Fund
The Middle Years
The Altar of the Dead
BY
HENRY JAMES
AUTHOR OF "DAISY MILLER" ETC.
NEW YORK
HARPER & BROTHERS PUBLISHERS
1895
By HENRY JAMES.
Published by HARPER & BROTHERS, New York.
☞ The above works are for sale by all booksellers, or will be sent by mail, postage prepaid, to any part of the United States, Canada, or Mexico, on receipt of the price.
Copyright, 1895, by Harper & Brothers.
All rights reserved.
NOTE
The first two of these Tales were originally published in "The Yellow Book," the third in "Scribner's Magazine." The last appears here for the first time.
CONTENTS
| | PAGE |
| THE DEATH OF THE LION | 1 |
| THE COXON FUND | 59 |
| THE MIDDLE YEARS | 151 |
| THE ALTAR OF THE DEAD | 185 |
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Terminal Rail Association of St. Louis v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
266 U.S. 17
Terminal Rail Association of St. Louis v. United States
Argued: March 3, 4, 1924. --- Decided: Oct 13, 1924
[Syllabus from pages 17-19 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. R. V. Fletcher, of Chicago, Ill., T. M. Pierce, of St. Louis, Mo., and Alex P. Humphrey, of Louisville, Ky., for appellants.
The Attorney General and Messrs. J. M. Bryson, Edward J. White, and Lon O. Hocker, all of St. Louis, Mo., for appellees.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 19-23 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice BUTLER delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Atlantic Monthly/Volume 2/Number 7/The Jolly Mariner

Featured in Vol 2., No.7 of The Atlantic Monthly.
THE JOLLY MARINER:
A BALLAD.
It was a jolly mariner As ever hove a log; He wore his trousers wide and free, And always ate his prog, And blessed his eyes, in sailor-wise, And never shirked his grog.
Up spoke this jolly mariner, Whilst walking up and down:— "The briny sea has pickled me, And done me very brown; But here I goes, in these here clo'es, A-cruising in the town!"
The first of all the curious things That chanced his eye to meet, As this undaunted mariner Went sailing up the street, Was, tripping with a little cane, A dandy all complete!
He stopped,—that jolly mariner,— And eyed the stranger well;— "What that may be," he said, says he,
"Is more than I can tell; But ne'er before, on sea or shore, Was such a heavy swell!"
He met a lady in her hoops, And thus she heard him hail:— "Now blow me tight!—but there's a sight To manage in a gale! I never saw so small a craft With such a spread o' sail!
"Observe the craft before and aft,— She'd make a pretty prize!" And then, in that improper way, He spoke about his eyes, That mariners are wont to use, In anger or surprise.
He saw a plumber on a roof, Who made a mighty din:— "Shipmate, ahoy!" the rover cried, "It makes a sailor grin To see you copper-bottoming Your upper-decks with tin!"
He met a yellow-bearded man, And asked about the way; But not a word could he make out Of what the chap would say, Unless he meant to call him names By screaming, "Nix furstay!"
Up spoke this jolly mariner, And to the man said he, "I haven't sailed these thirty years Upon the stormy sea, To bear the shame of such a name As I have heard from thee!
"So take thou that!"—and laid him flat. But soon the man arose, And beat the jolly mariner Across his jolly nose, Till he was fain, from very pain, To yield him to the blows.
'Twas then this jolly mariner, A wretched jolly tar, Wished he was in a jolly-boat Upon the sea afar, Or riding fast, before the blast, Upon a single spar!
'Twas then this jolly mariner Returned unto his ship, And told unto the wondering crew The story of his trip, With many oaths and curses, too, Upon his wicked lip!—
As hoping—so this mariner In fearful words harangued— His timbers might be shivered, and His le'ward scuppers danged, (A double curse, and vastly worse Than being shot or hanged!)
If ever he—and here again A dreadful oath he swore— If ever he, except at sea, Spoke any stranger more, Or like a son of—something—went A-cruising on the shore!
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Blue Envelop, St Nicholas, 1922

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Commons category, Wikidata item.
THE BLUE ENVELOP
By ROY J. SNELL

### CONTENTS

* Chapter 1 Mutineer's Island April 1922
* Chapter 2 The Mysterious Phi Beta Chi April 1922
* Chapter 3 "For He's a White Man's Dog" April 1922
* Chapter 4 Cast Adrift April 1922
* Chapter 5 The White Line May 1922
* Chapter 6 The Blue Envelop Disappears May 1922
* Chapter 7 The Visit to the Churches May 1922
* Chapter 8 Renewed Acquaintance June 1922
* Chapter 9 Finding The Trail June 1922
* Chapter 10 "Without Compass Or Guide" June 1922
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1959, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 64 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Buffier, Claude

​ BUFFIER, Claude, a French author, born in Poland of French parents, May 25, 1661, died in Paris, May 17, 1737. He was educated at Rouen, entered the society of Jesus in 1679, and spent the greater part of his life in teaching at the collége Louis le Grand. His principal writings on grammar, literature, science, and theology are found in his Cours de sciences sur des principes nouveaux et simples (Paris, 1732), the most esteemed being the Traité des premières vérités. A separate edition of his remarkable Grammaire française sur un plan nouveau appeared subsequently. The Encyclopédie méthodique appropriated many of his writings without credit. He wrote various historical and other works, and in his Pratique de la mémoire artificielle (4 vols., Paris, 1701-'15) he applied Lancelot's method to the study of chronology, history, and geography.
# The American Cyclopædia (1879)/Bunsen, Robert Wilhelm

Edition of 1879. See also Robert Bunsen on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BUNSEN, Robert Wilhelm, a German chemist, cousin of the preceding, born in Göttingen, March 31, 1811. His father was professor of oriental languages and literature at the university of Göttingen, and the son, after completing his studies at the gymnasium, entered the university, and devoted himself to the study of chemistry and physics. He took his degree of doctor of philosophy in 1830, afterward studied in Paris, Berlin, and Vienna, and in 1833 became tutor at the university of Göttingen. In 1834 he published, in conjunction with Berthold, his important research upon the hydrated oxide of iron as an antidote to arsenic. In 1836 he was appointed professor of chemistry at the polytechnic school in Cassel, in 1838 at the university of Marburg, and in 1851 at Breslau, where he planned the best working laboratory at that time to be found on the continent; but he did not remain long
enough to complete it, as he accepted in 1852 a call to Heidelberg, where he constructed a still greater laboratory, and has founded one of the most celebrated schools of chemistry in Europe. In 1846 he undertook an important journey to Iceland, during which he devoted special attention to the phenomena of the geysers, examining the waters, the sedimentary deposits, and the gases issuing from the springs. The results of this journey are embodied in a letter to Berzelius written after his return. Bunsen has contributed a large number of original papers to the scientific journals, among the most important of which are those on the cyanogen compounds, examination of the gases of blast furnaces, improvement in galvanic batteries, researches upon kakodyle, preparation of magnesium, aluminum, chromium, and lithium, photo-chemical researches on specific gravity, gas absorption, diffusion, spectrum analysis, and discovery of the new metals cæsium and rubidium. His largest independent publications are: “Journey to Iceland,” “On a new Volumetric Method,” “A Treatise on Gas Analysis,” and “Chemical Analysis by the Spectroscope.” In the course of his investigations he has invented some of our most important aids to scientific research. Bunsen's battery, Bunsen's burner, Bunsen's photometer, and Bunsen's pump have acquired a world-wide use, and are considered indispensable in every laboratory.