OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mittel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Mittel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mittel, neuter, ‘middle, means, resource,’ from Middle High German mittel, neuter, ‘middle, centre, something intermediate, means,’ an adjective used as a substantive; compare Anglo-Saxon middel, English middle. Preposit. derivatives mittels, mittelst. Compare mitte.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Moder

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Moder. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Moder, masculine, ‘mud, mould, decay,’ from late Middle High German (Middle German) moder, masculine, ‘body that has been decomposed, decay, bog, moor’; compare Dutch modder, ‘slime,’ English mother, ‘slimy substance’ (especially in vinegar), Dutch moer, ‘yeast, lees.’ The entire class has become current only in the modern languages; compare the corresponding Middle German mot, ‘moor, morass, marsh,’ Middle English mudde, English mud. The early history of the cognates is obscure; Greek μυδών, ‘fungous flesh,’ on account of its permutation does not belong to the cognates.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mohn

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Mohn. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mohn, masculine, from the equivalent late Middle High German mân, earlier mâhen, masculine, ‘poppy’; Old High German *mâhan is wanting, for which Old High German mâgo, Middle High German mâge, masculine, ‘poppy,’ with a change of h to g (see fragen and Zähre), is used (compare Gothic þahan with Old High German dagên, Latin tacere); to this Upper German mâgsame (Alsatian mâss), ‘poppy,’ is allied. It corresponds to Old Swedish valmughi, Swedish vallmo, ‘poppy.’ The word points to pre-Teutonic mêkon-, besides which the form mâkon- is presupposed by Greek μήκων (Doric μᾶκων), Old Slovenian makŭ, ‘poppy.’ These correspondences, however, do not necessarily imply that the cognates are of genuine Aryan origin (compare Hanf). For Old High German mâgo a form popig (English poppy) was used in Anglo-Saxon, based on Latin papaver.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Molch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Molch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Molch, masculine, ‘salamander’; the suffix ch first appears in early Modern High German (compare Habicht); from Middle High German mol, neuter, molle, masculine, ‘lizard, salamander,’ Old High German mol, with the variants molm and molt. Dutch mol and Middle English molle signify ‘mole.’ It is not certain whether the word in both senses is originally the same. Old High German mol, ‘lizard,’ has also been connected with the root mat, ‘to grind, pulverise.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/eilen

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​ eilen, vb., ‘to hasten, hurry,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and MidLG. îlen, OHG. îlen (îllen from îljan); akin to AS. ĭle, OFris. ile, OIc. il (gen. iljar), ‘sole of the foot.’ If the l be accepted as a deriv., as it often is in other words, we obtain the widely diffused root ī̆, ‘to go,’ as the source of the cognates; comp. Gr. ἱέναι Lat. ire, Sans. root i, ‘to go,’ OSlov. iti, Lith. eíti, ‘to go.’ See gehen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/eingefleischt

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​ eingefleischt, see Fleisch. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/eigen

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​ eigen, adj., ‘own, pertinent, peculiar, odd,’ from the equiv. ModHG. eigen, OHG. eigan; an adj. common to Teut.; comp. OSax. êgan, Du. eigen, AS. âgen, E. own, OIc. eiginn; Goth. used swês for *aigans. The old adj. eigen is, as the suffix n shows, ​Prop. a partic. ending in -ana- of a vb., which only appears, however, as a pret. pres., meaning ‘to possess,’ throughout the Teut. group; comp. Goth. áigan, (áihan), OIc. eiga, AS. âgan, ‘to have’ (E. to owe), pret. in AS. âhte, in E. ought, whence also AS. âgnian, E. to own. The Teut. root aig (aih), from pre-Teut. aik, preserved in these words, has been connected with the Sans. root îç, ‘to possess, have as one's own,’ the partic. of which, îçâná-s (îçâna-s), agrees exactly with HG. eigan, Goth. *aigans. In ModHG. Fracht (which see) we have a subst. formed with a dental suffix (Goth. aihts, ‘property, possession,’ OHG. êht).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/ein

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/ein | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ ein, num., from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. ein, ‘one,’ also the indef. art. even in OHG. and MidHG.; comp. OSax. én, Du. een, AS. ân (E. one, as a num. a, an, as indef. art.), OIc. einn, Goth. ains. The num. common to Teut. for ‘one,’ orig. ainos, which is primit. cognate with Lat. ûnus (comp. commûnis and gemein, ‘common’), and also with OIr. óen, OSlov. inŭ, Lith. vënas, Pruss. ains, ‘one.’ From this old num., which strangely enough is unknown to East Aryan (in which the cognate terms Sans. êka, Zend aéva, ‘one,’ occur), Gr. (dial.) has preserved οἰνός, ‘one,’ and οἴνη, ‘the one on dice, ace.’ See Eiland, Einöde. —
​ ein, adv., ‘in, into,’ from MidHG. and OHG. în, adv., ‘in, into,’ beside which MidHG. and OHG. in with the same meaning. The long form was derived from the short, as is proved by the connection with the cognates of in, which see.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/einzeln

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​ einzeln, adj. and adv. (in Suab. and Bav. einzächt), ‘single(ly), sole(ly), individual(ly),’ from the equiv. MidHG. einzel, a modification of the older and more frequent einlütze, OHG. einluzzi, ‘single, alone’; comp. Thur., and Sax. eelitzg (êlizχ), ‘unmarried,’ from MidHG. einlützec (OHG. einluzzo), ‘unmarried.’ The second component belongs to ModHG. Loos (OHG. hlioȥȥan); OHG. ein-luzzi, ‘one whose lot stands alone.’ Comp. also OIc. eínhlítr, ‘single’?
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/eilf

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/eilf | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ eilf, see elf.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/einander

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​ einander, ‘one another,’ thus even in MidHG. einander, OHG. (in the oblique cases) einander, pron., ‘one another’ — a senseless combination of the nom. ein with an oblique case of ander; e.g. OHG. sie sind ein anderen ungelîh, ‘they are unlike one another’ (lit. the one to the other), zeinanderen quëdan, ‘to say to one another’ (lit. one to the others), for which, however, by a remarkable construction, zeinen einanderen may be used in OHG. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/einig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/einig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ einig, adj., ‘agreed, sole, only,’ from MidHG. einec(g), OHG. einag, adj., ‘sole, only’; a deriv. of ein. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/einsam

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​ einsam, adj., ‘lonely, solitary,’ simply ModHG. derived from ein and the suffix of langsam, wonnesam, ehrsam. See -sam. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/einst

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/einst | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ einst, adv., from the equiv. MidHG. einst, einest, OHG. einêst, adv., ‘once, at one time’; an obscure deriv. of ein; in AS. œ̂nes, E. once, to which OHG. eines, MidHG. eines, ‘once, at one time,’ also correspond. Comp. OHG. anderes, anderêst, MidHG. anderes, anderst, ‘otherwise,’ as similar formations.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume I/Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Justin Martyr

Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Justin Martyr
Crescens, a cynic, has the ill-renown of stirring up the persecution in which Justin and his friends suffered for Christ. The story that he died by the hemlock seems to have originated among the Greeks, who naturally gave this turn to the sufferings of a philosopher. The following Introductory Notice of the translator supplies all that need be added.
Though nothing is known as to the date or authorship of the following narrative, it is generally reckoned among the most trustworthy of the Martyria. An absurd addition was in some copies made to it, to the effect that Justin died by means of hemlock. Some have thought it necessary, on account of this story, to conceive of two Justins, one of whom, the celebrated defender of the Christian faith whose writings are given in this volume, died through poison, while the other suffered in the way here described, along with several of his friends. But the description of Justin given in the following account, is evidently such as compels us to refer it to the famous apologist and martyr of the second century.

## Footnotes

* ↑ [See Cave, Lives of the Fathers, i. 243. Epiphanius, by fixing the martyrdom under the prefecture of Rusticus, seems to identify this history; but, then, he also connects it with the reign of Hadrian. Ed. Oehler, tom ii. 709. Berlin, 1859.]
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume I/Introductory Note to the Fragments of Papias

Introductory Note to the Fragments of Papias
[a.d. 70–155.] It seems unjust to the holy man of whose comparatively large contributions to early Christian literature such mere relics have been preserved, to set them forth in these versions, unaccompanied by the copious annotations of Dr. Routh. If even such crumbs from his table are not by any means without a practical value, with reference to the Canon and other matters, we may well credit the testimony (though disputed) of Eusebius, that he was a learned man, and well versed in the Holy Scripture. All who name poor Papias are sure to do so with the apologetic qualification of that historian, that he was of slender capacity. Nobody who attributes to him the millenarian fancies, of which he was but a narrator, as if these were the characteristics rather than the blemishes of his works, can fail to accept this estimate of our author. But more may be said when we come to the great name of Irenæus, who seems to make himself responsible for them.
Papias has the credit of association with Polycarp, in the friendship of St. John himself, and of “others who had seen the Lord.” He is said to have been bishop of Hierapolis, in Phrygia, and to have died about the same time that Polycarp suffered; but even this is questioned. So little do we know of one whose lost books, could they be recovered, might reverse the received judgment, and establish his claim to the disputed tribute which makes him, like Apollos, “an eloquent man, and mighty in the Scriptures.”
The following is the original Introductory Notice:—
The principal information in regard to Papias is given in the extracts made among the fragments from the works of Irenæus and Eusebius. He was bishop of the Church in Hierapolis, a city of Phrygia, in the first half of the second century. Later writers affirm that he suffered martyrdom about a.d. 163; some saying that Rome, others that Pergamus, was the scene of his death. He was a hearer of the Apostle John, and was on terms of intimate intercourse with many who had known the Lord and His apostles. From these he gathered the floating traditions in regard to the sayings of our Lord, and wove them into a production divided into five books. This work does not seem to have been confined to an exposition of the sayings of Christ, but to have contained much historical information.
Eusebius speaks of Papias as a man most learned in all things, and well acquainted with the Scriptures. In another passage he describes him as of small capacity. The fragments of Papias are translated from the text given in Routh’s Reliquiæ Sacræ, vol. i.

## Footnotes

* ↑ See Lardner, ii. p. 119.
* ↑ Against Heresies, book v. chap. xxxiii. See the prudent note of Canon Robertson (History of the Christ. Church, vol. i. p. 116).
* ↑ Hist. Eccl., iii. 39.
* ↑ Ibid.
* ↑ [Where the fragments with learned annotations and elucidations fill forty-four pages.]
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bastei

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​ Bastei, f., ‘bastion,’ from earlier ModHG. bastîe; comp. OFr. bastie (allied. to OItal. bastire; Fr. bâtir); it is akin to Bastion, f., borrowed from Fr. bastion, Ital. bastione.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Baude

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​ Baude, see Bude.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bathengel

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​ Bathengel, m., ‘germander,’ a corruption of Lat. betonicula, dimin. of Lat. betonica, whence MidHG. batônje.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bast

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​ Bast, m., ‘inner bark of trees, husk,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bast (also buost with gradation), OHG. *bast, m., n. It corresponds to AS. bœst, E., Du. and OIc. bast, Goth. *bastus. Hence the deriv. OHG. and MidHG. besten, ‘to strap,’ as well as the Rom. cognate basto, ‘pack-saddie’ (see under Bastard), with which Swiss bašt, ‘saddle,’ agrees. There is no justification for deriving the words from binden, for the absence of the nasal, the occurrence of st (for which we should have expected ss from dh + t), and the gradation in MidHG. buost render such a derivation impossible. The resemblance in sound between this word and binden proves nothing as to the etymology; this popular and superficial derivation was suggested by the use of bast. The Teut. word, which is more probably connected with the root bes appearing in Besen, found its way into Rom.; comp. Ital. basta, ‘basting, stitching.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Batzen

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​ Batzen, m., ‘a coin’ (about a penny), from MidHG. batze, m., ‘small coin of the town of Bern with the Bernese coat of arms, a bear’ (MidHG. betz, ModHG. Bätz, Petz); comp. Kreuzer, Rappen. Hence Ital. bezzo, ‘money.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bau

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​ Bau, m., ‘construction, structure,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. bû, m. See bauen, Bude.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bauch

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​ Bauch, m., ‘belly, bulge,’ from the equiv. MidHG. bûch, OHG. bûh (hh), m.; the corresponding AS. bûc (E. dial. buck, ‘the inner part of a carriage’) has the same meaning; OIc. búkr, ‘body, waist.’ It is uncertain whether Bauch belongs to the Sans. root bhuj (comp. Lat. fungor), ‘to take food,’ or to Sans. bhuj, ‘to bend’ (Bauch, lit. ‘the flexible part’), Perhaps it is connected with Gr φύσκα (for φυγσκα?), ‘stomach, blister’?. It is certainly not akin to AS. bodig, E. body, OHG. botah, ‘body,’ nor is it allied to Gr. φαγεῖν, ‘to eat’ (Sans. bhaj, ‘to enjoy, partake of’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Baum

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​ Baum, m., ‘tree,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. boum, m.; corresponds to OSax. bôm, Du. boom, AS. beám, m., tree,’ whence E. beam (beam in sunbeam is quite another word; G. Baum is E. tree); E. boom is and Du. bôm, ‘tree.’ The corresponding Goth. bagms and OIc. baðmr have the game phonetic form. The cognates, with Gr. φῦμα, ‘produce,’ are usually derived from the Teut. root bû, Aryan bhû, ‘to become, arise,’ discussed under bauen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bastard

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​ Bastard, m., ‘bastard,’ from Fr. bâtard, bastard (Ital. bastardo), borrowed in the Middle Ages (MidHG. bastart). MidE. bast, ‘illegal marriage,’ and OFr. fils de bast, ‘illegitimate son,’ indicate the primary meaning of the Rom. word, which came to England with William I., and at a later period made its way to Scandinavia. The OFr. bastard (Fr. bâtard) has a Teut. termination; see Bankert. The first part of the word, which in MidE. and OFr. signifies ‘illegal marriage,’ is generally derived from MidLat. and Rom. bastum, ‘pack-saddle’; comp. Ital. and Span. basto, Fr. bât, ‘pack-saddle.’ Bastard would then mean ‘the son of a pack saddle’ (comp. Bast) the saddles serving the Spanish muleteers as beds; comp. Bankert. Scand. bastarðr, whence some would derive the modern Europ. word, did not reach the North before 1200 A.D. nearly.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Bauer

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​ Bauer (1.), n. and m., ‘birdcage,’ a word foreign to the UpG. dialects, from MidHG. bûr, used only in the sense of ‘sojourn, birdcage;’ but OHG. bûr has the further meaning of ‘house, chamber.’ AS. bûr, ‘dwelling’ (to which E. neighbour from AS. neahgebur is related; similarly the more general meaning of Bauer appears in HG. Nachbar), E. bower, with which E. dial. bire (‘cowhouse’), AS. bŷre, is connected. The pre-Teut. form would be bhûró, with ro as a deriv. suffix. See the three following words.
Bauer (2.), m., in Erbauer, Ackerbauer, ‘tiller,’ from MidHG. bûwœre, OHG. bûâri (Goth. *bauareis is wanting), the term for the agent, from bauen.
Bauer (3.), m., ‘rustic, peasant,’ historically and etymologically different from Bauer (2.), for the MidHG. form is gebûr, OHG. gibûro, m., which belongs to the OTeut. bûr, ‘dwelling,’ discussed under Bauer (1.), and means lit. ‘co-dweller, joint-occupier,’ then ‘neighbour, fellow-citizen’ (comp. Geselle, ‘one who shares the same room’), and at a later period ‘fellow-villager, peasant, boor.’ See also Nachbar.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/lullen

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​ lullen, vb., ‘to lull,’ ModHG. only; a recent onomatopoetic term.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/läugnen

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​ läugnen, vb., ‘to contradict, deny,’ from the equiv. MidHG. löugenen, lougenen, lougen, OLG. louginen, lougnen, wk. vb.; corresponding to OSax. lôgnian, AS. lêhnan, lŷgnan, Goth. laugnjan, wk. vb., ‘to deny’; OIc. leyna, ‘to conceal’ (Goth. galaugnjan, ‘to be concealed’), with the loss of a g before the n. A common Teut. wk. vb. with the meaning ‘to deny’; it is a derivative of an OHG. noun lougna, f., ‘denial’ (OIc. laun), which is formed by gradation from the stem of lügen (root lug). Comp. lügen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/löschen

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​ löschen (1.), vb., ‘to extinguish, go out’; in the ModHG. vb. two MidHG. vbs. are comprised, MidHG. lëschen (most frequently erlëschen), str. vb., ‘to cease to burn, go out,’ and the corresponding factitive lęschen, ‘to extinguish’; comp. OHG. lëskan, irlëskan, intrans., and lęsken, trans.; this verbal stem is unknown to the other Teut. languages. The sk of OHG. lëskan is really a suffix of the pres. stem (see dreschen and waschen), as may be inferred from the connection with the Teut. root leg (see liegen); erlöschen is lit. ‘to lie down.’
löschen (2.), vb., ‘to discharge a ship,’ borrowed from the equiv. LG., Du. lossen; comp. Dan. losse, Swed. lossa; the origin and early history of the cognates are unknown (comp. Boot, Bord, and Rahe).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/läppisch

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​ läppisch, adj., ‘silly, foolish,’ ModHG. only, allied to MidHG. lappe, ‘dandy, simpleton,’ which is preserved in earlier HG., and still in the dial. Lappe; comp. Laffe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/läuten

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​ läuten, vb., ‘to ring, chime,’ MidHG. liuten, wk. vb., ‘to utter a sound, cause to resound, ring,’ OHG. lûtten, ‘to make audible.’ Comp. AS. hlŷdan, ‘to be audible, make a loud noise, shout, sound.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/lösen

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​ lösen, vb., ‘to loosen, free,’ from the equiv. MidHG. lœsen, OHG. lôsen (*lôsjan); a derivative of the MidHG. and OHG. adj. lôs (see los); comp. Goth. lausjan, ‘to loosen,’ from laus, ‘loose.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/löten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/löten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ löten, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. lœten, ‘to solder,’ is a derivative of Lot. —