OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Decameron (Payne)/Novel 6, 8

DAY SIXTH-NOVEL VIII
-- Fresco exhorteth his niece not to mirror herself in the glass, if, as she saith, it irketh her to see disagreeable folk --
The story told by Filostrato at first touched the hearts of the listening ladies with some little shamefastness and they gave token thereof by a modest redness that appeared upon their faces; but, after looking one at another, they hearkened thereto, tittering the while and scarce able to abstain from laughing. As soon as he was come to the end thereof, the queen turned to Emilia and bade her follow on, whereupon, sighing no otherwise than as she had been aroused from a dream, she began, "Lovesome lasses, for that long thought hath held me far from here, I shall, to obey our queen content myself with [relating] a story belike much slighter than that which I might have bethought myself to tell, had my mind been present here, recounting to you the silly default of a damsel, corrected by an uncle of hers with a jocular retort, had she been woman enough to have apprehended it.
A certain Fresco da Celatico, then, had a niece familiarly called Ciesca, who, having a comely face and person (though none of those angelical beauties that we have often seen aforetime), set so much store by herself and accounted herself so noble that she had gotten a habit of carping at both men and women and everything she saw, without anywise taking thought to herself, who was so much more fashous, froward and humoursome than any other of her sex that nothing could be done to her liking. Beside all this, she was so prideful that, had she been of the blood royal of France, it had been overweening; and when she went abroad, she gave herself so many airs that she did nought but make wry faces, as if there came to her a stench from whomsoever she saw or met. But, letting be many other vexatious and tiresome fashions of hers, it chanced one day that she came back to the house, where Fresco was, and seating herself near him, all full of airs and grimaces, did nothing but puff and blow; whereupon quoth he, 'What meaneth this, Ciesca, that, to-day being a holiday, thou comest home so early?' To which she answered, all like to die away with affectation, 'It is true I have come back soon, for that I believe there were never in this city so many disagreeable and tiresome people, both men and women, as there are to-day; there passeth none about the streets but is hateful to me as ill-chance, and I do not believe there is a woman in the world to whom it is more irksome to see disagreeable folk than it is to me; wherefore I have returned thus early, not to see them.' 'My lass,' rejoined Fresco, to whom his niece's airs and graces were mighty displeasing, 'if disagreeable folk be so distasteful to thee as thou sayest, never mirror thyself in the glass, so thou wouldst live merry.' But she, emptier than a reed, albeit herseemed she was a match for Solomon in wit, apprehended Fresco's true speech no better than a block; nay, she said that she chose to mirror herself in the glass like other women; and so she abode in her folly and therein abideth yet."
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Engel, Franz

Edition of 1920. See also Franz Engel (naturalist) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENGEL, Franz, German explorer: b. Röbel, Mecklenburg-Schwerin, 1834. He traveled extensively in South America in the years 1857-63 and published the results of his explorations in several valuable volumes, including ‘Studien unter den Tropen Amerikas’ (2d ed., 1879); ‘Aus dem Pflanzerstaate Zulia’ (1881). From 1872 to 1896 he published the Landwirthschaftliche Jahrbücher.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Engel, Karl Dietrich Leonhard

Edition of 1920. See also Karl Dietrich Leonhard Engel on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENGEL, Karl Dietrich Leonhard, German musician and writer: b. grand duchy of
Oldenburg, 21 Feb. 1824. He went to Russia as a violin virtuoso at the age of 18, becoming a member of the Imperial Orchestra at Saint Petersburg at 22, and later its concert-master. He went to Dresden in 1869 and took up his residence there. Among his works are ‘Deutsche Puppen Komödien’ (1874-93); ‘Das Volksschauspiel Doktor Johann Faust’ (2d ed., 1882); ‘Zusammenstellung der Faustschriften vom 16 Jahrhundert bis Mitte 1884’ (2d ed., 1884); ‘Die Don Juan Sage auf der Bühne’ (1887). His musical compositions include a concerto in B minor and the humorous fantasy entitled ‘Jüdischer Carneval.’
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Endicott, John

Edition of 1920. See also John Endecott on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENDICOTT, John, American colonial governor: b. Dorchester, England, 1589; d. Boston, Mass., 15 March 1665. He was sent out to this country by the “Massachusetts Company” to carry on the plantation at Naumkeag, or Salem, where he arrived 6 Sept. 1628. In April 1629 he was chosen governor of “London's plantation”; but in August it was determined to transfer the charter of the colony to New England, and Winthrop was appointed governor. Endicott was deputy-governor of the Massachusetts colony 1641-44, in 1650 and 1654; and was governor in 1644 and 1649, 1651-54 and 1655-65. He was bold and energetic, a sincere and zealous Puritan, rigid in his principles and severe in the execution of the laws against those who differed from the religion of the colony. So averse was he to everything like popery that he cut out the cross from the military standard. He was opposed to long hair, insisted that the women should wear veils in public assemblies and did all in his power to establish what he deemed a pure Church. In 1659, during his administration, four Quakers were put to death in Boston. Consult Endicott, C. M., ‘Memoir of John Endicott’ (Salem 1847).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Engelberg

Edition of 1920. See also Engelberg on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENGELBERG, Switzerland, a noted health resort, situated in Unterwalden Canton, in the Engelberg Valley, about 3,500 feet above sea-level, and 15 miles south of Lucerne. It is the seat of a Benedictine monastery, dating from the 12th century, with a library of 20,000 volumes, including incunabula and manuscripts of great value. Connected with the monastery is a gymnasium which was founded in the 11th century. Cheese-making is the main industry. Pop. 2,500.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Engel, Joseph

Edition of 1920. See also Josef Engel (anatomist) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENGEL, Joseph, Austrian anatomist: b. Vienna, 1816; d. 1899. He was appointed professor of anatomy at Zürich in 1844 and later the chair of physiology fell to him also. Five years afterward he was appointed to the chair of pathological anatomy at the University of Prague. In 1854 he became professor of anatomy at the Josephakademie, Vienna, in which position he remained until 1874. He made many important contributions to the systematization of anatomical science and its study. His principal works are ‘Lehrbuch der pathologischen Anatomie,’ and ‘Kompendium der topographischen Anatomie’ (1859).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Engel, Ernst

Edition of 1920. See also Ernst Engel on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENGEL, Ernst, German statistician: b. Dresden, 1821; d. Berlin, 1896. After a preliminary education he took up the study of mining engineering at Freiberg and Paris. For a time he was a member of the commission investigating industrial and labor conditions in Saxony, and in 1850 was appointed chief of the Royal Bureau of Statistics at Dresden. He resigned in 1858 and was made chief of the Saxon
Mortgage Insurance Company, but two years later became director of the Prussian Bureau of Statistics, from which he retired in 1882. He was one of the most efficient of modern statisticians and his investigations into the social condition of the working classes have proved invaluable. He wrote ‘Die Methoden der Volkszählung’ (1861); ‘Land und Leute des Preussischen Staates’ (1863); ‘Das Zeitalter des Dampfes’ (1881).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Engel, Johann Christian von

Edition of 1920. See also Johann Christian von Engel on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENGEL, Johann Christian von, Hungarian historian: b. Teutschau, Hungary, 1770; d. 1814. He received his education at the University of Göttingen, where Heyne and Schlözer were among his teachers. He wrote several historical works which in their day were treasure-houses of knowledge and scholarship. He was the first to put the history of Hungary on a sound scholarly basis. In 1812 he was ennobled. His greatest works are ‘Geschichte des ungarischen Reiches und seine Nebenländer’ (5 vols., 1797-1804) and ‘Geschichte des Königreichs Ungarn’ (5 vols., 1814).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Engel, Johann Jakob

Edition of 1920. See also Johann Jakob Engel on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENGEL, Johann Jakob, German prose writer: b. Parchim, 11 Sept. 1741; d. there, 28 June 1802. On the accession of King Frederick William III of Prussia, whose tutor he had been, he was invited by his former pupil to Berlin, where he made himself exceedingly useful in the Academy of Sciences by his writings. Among his philosophical works may be mentioned his ‘Der Philosoph für die Welt,’ distinguished for acute observations on men and manners, enlivened by elegant illustrations. Of a similar character is his ‘Mirror for Princes’ (Fürstenspiegel). His ‘Ideen zu einer Mimik,’ full of taste, acuteness and knowledge of human nature, may be regarded as a kind of manual for actors. Anxious to make the German theatre the mirror of the national life, he wrote several plays, but they were of little merit — ‘Der dankbare Sohn’; ‘Edelknaben,’ etc. His ‘Lorenz Stark,’ a novel, is a masterly picture of life and manners. A complete edition of his works appeared at Berlin (1801-06).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Engelbert

Edition of 1920. See also Engelbert of Admont on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENGELBERT, Bohemian monastic author: b. Völkersdorf, Styria, about 1250; d. 1331. He received his education at Prague and Padua, entered the order of the Benedictines and in 1297-1327 was abbot of Admont, Styria. He is best known to scholars through his Roman history; entitled ‘De Ortu, Progressu et Fine Imperii Romani,’ which has gone through numerous editions. For other works of this author consult ‘Thesaurus Anecdotorum Novissimus’ (1721) and ‘Bibliotheca Ascetica Antiquo-nova’ (1723-25).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Engelbert, Saint

Edition of 1920. See also Engelbert II of Berg on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
ENGELBERT, Saint, archbishop of Cologne: b. Berg, 1185; d. 1225. In 1206 he was excommunicated but was restored to friendly relations with the Church and reinstated two years later. In 1216 he was appointed archbishop of Cologne. He was one of the most progressive men of his age; he greatly improved the administration and governmental methods of his see; patronized agriculture, the industries and art, and opposed the repressive and cruel methods of the feudal barons. He reformed the electorate and after 1220 was administrator of the empire. In 1222 he crowned Henry VII. He was assassinated by hirelings of his nephew whom he had accused of maladministration. He is commemorated as a martyr on 7 November, although he has never been formally canonized. Consult Stoffel, ‘Engelbert der Reichsverweser’ (Elberfeld 1893).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Carpenter, William Henry

Edition of 1920. See also William Henry Carpenter (philologist) on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CARPENTER, William Henry, American philologist: b. Utica, N. Y., 15 July 1853. He received a university education at Cornell and Johns Hopkins, and at Leipzig and Freiburg universities; became instructor in rhetoric and lecturer on North European literature in Cornell University in 1883; instructor of German and Scandinavian languages in Columbia University, 1883-89; assistant professor of Germanic languages and literature in the same institution, 1889-90; adjunct professor, 1890-95; and in 1895 professor of German philology there. Since 1912 he has been provost of the university. He is vice-president of the Germanistic Society of America and editor of the Germanistic Society Quarterly; and trustee and secretary of the Columbia University Press. He is a member of the Authors and Century Clubs of New York. He has published several works in the line of his specialty, and has contributed largely to dictionaries and encyclopedias and to magazines and reviews.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Cartas of Feijóo

Edition of 1920. See also Benito Jerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CARTAS OF FEIJÓO. The ‘Cartas’ (Letters) and ‘Teatro crítico universal’ (Treasury of Universal Criticism) of the Benedictine monk Benito Gerónimo Feijóo y Montenegro, constitute collectively one of the most important contributions made to Spanish thought during the 17th century, the period of its awakening from the political and intellectual stagnation consequent upon the collapse of the Hapsburg dream of world dominion. They are associated with the earlier days of Spanish journalism, when miscellanies of encyclopaedic character had not yet given way before the periodical press. The ‘Letters,’ as well as the essays of the ‘Teatro crítico,’ a prior and more vigorously written work cover a wide range of topics, from natural history and the then known sciences, education, history, religion, literature, philology, philosophy and medicine, down to superstitions, wonders and salient points of contemporary journalistic interest, all in a spirit of candor and cool judgment, which proved to be of decisive influence in the assault upon 18th century Peninsular scholasticism. The style, especially in the letters, is encumbered by the prolixity of formal eloquence, while philologists have questioned its purity. Nevertheless, Feijóo's was a comprehensive, catholic mind, familiar with the European thought of his day to an extent unprecedented among his countrymen. In temper and content Feijóo is suggestive of the inchoateness of Montaigne, with his mixture of the rational and the fabulous, rather than of the polished sophistication of Addison and Steele. His fame spread quickly throughout Europe, but in the advancement of learning, his writings have been relegated to a place of mere historical interest. It has been commonly said that a monument should be erected to Feijóo, at the foot of which all his works should be burned. The ‘Teatro’ was first published at Madrid (1726-41) the ‘Cartas’ at the same city (1742-60). In the edition of 1777 they occupy nine aud five volumes respectively, to which three supplementary volumes must be added. A modern reprint occurs in volume 56 of the ‘Biblioteca de Autores Españoles,’ with an introduction by Vicente de la Fuente. Consult also Bazán, Emilia Pardo, ‘Feijóo.’
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Cassowary

Edition of 1920. See also Cassowary on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CASSOWARY, a corruption of the Malayan name for ratite birds of the family Casuariidæ, inhabitants of the Papuan Islands and Australasia, and forming, with their near allies the emus, the group Megistanes. They are large birds, the females standing five or six feet high (males are less in stature), and are clothed in hair-like feathers, which appear double, as the aftershaft is as large as the feather proper; these may reach a length of 12 inches or more on the rump, where they drape over the invisible tail. This coat is glossy black in both sexes and all species, whose distinguishing marks are found in the varying colors about the head. Like other ratite, or “wingless” birds, the wings are so reduced as to be bidden beneath the drooping plumage, except the ends of five stiff quills; these wings are quite useless for either flight, or aid in running, but are of some service as weapons. The legs are extremely stout, and are actuated by powerful muscles; and the three toes are armed with strong scratching-claws. The special feature of this family of birds, however, is the head, which is almost naked of feathers, and carries a crest, “helmet,” or “casque” of spongy bone which in some is flattened, and in others rises into a triangular or a pyramidal boss. The beak is stout, and keeled on top. The neck is naked, and in most cases adorned with one or more pendent wattles. These naked parts, and the head and helmet are brilliantly colored, differing in the various species of which 10 have been described. Thus the Casuarius papuanus of New Guinea is described as having “a dusky-black casque, blue head, throat and fore-neck, gray-green occiput and auricular region, and orange hind-neck, changing into rosy flesh-color toward the sides.” All the others are nearly as gaudy.
The cassowaries are forest-keeping birds, and have become very wary since their
jungles were invaded by hunters. They are swift runners, hurling themselves forward with a peculiar striding gait, and bounding over obstacles. They are almost omnivorus, but feed mainly on berries, fallen fruit, bulbs and insects scratched out of the forest floor. They defend themselves vigorously when at bay, kicking powerfully in any direction, and striking with wings and beak. Vet they are tamable, and are kept like fowls by the natives of some districts. They are hunted in Australia for the sake of their skins from which are made mats, rugs, feathered ornaments, etc. The nest is a rough structure on the ground in a thicket. The three to six eggs are green, and incubation is done mainly if not exclusively by the cock-bird. Consult Salvatori, ‘Ornitologia della Papuasia’ (Turin 1882); Rothschild, ‘Trans. Zool. Soc. of London’ (1901); Evans, ‘Birds’ (New York 1900).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Carnegie Institution of Washington

Edition of 1920. See also Carnegie Institution for Science on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CARNEGIE INSTITUTION OF WASHINGTON. This institution was founded by Andrew Carnegie on 28 Jan. 1902, with an endowment of $10,000,000 of registered 5 per cent bonds; to this fund he added $2,000,000 on 10 Dec. 1907, and $10,000,000 on 19 Jan. 1911. The Institution was originally organized under the laws of the District of Columbia and incorporated as the Carnegie Institution, but was reincorporated by an act of the Congress of the United States, approved 28 April 1904, under the title of The Carnegie Institution of Washington. The articles of incorporation of the Institution declare in general “that the objects of the corporation shall be to encourage in the broadest and most liberal manner investigation, research and discovery, and the application of knowledge to the improvement of mankind.” Three principal agencies to forward these objects have been developed. The first of these involves the formation of departments of research within the Institution itself, to attack larger problems requiring the collaboration of several investigators, special equipment and continuous effort. Eleven such departments have so far been established. The second provides means whereby individuals may undertake and carry to completion investigations not less important but requiring less collaboration and less special equipment. The third agency aims to provide adequate publication of the results of research coming from the first two agencies and to a limited extent also for worthy works not likely to be published under other auspices. The Institution is placed under the control of a board of 24 trustees, which meets annually in December to consider the affairs of the Institution in general, the progress of work already undertaken, the initiation of new projects and to make necessary appropriations for the ensuing year. During the intervals between the meetings of the trustees the affairs of the Institution are conducted by
an executive commission chosen by and from the board of trustees and acting through the president of the Institution as chief executive officer. A view of the history of the Institution may be gained from the contents of the ‘Year Books’ and from its other more formal publications, general and classified lists of which may be had on application. The publications themselves, numbering over 300, may be found in nearly all the greater libraries of the world. The executive offices of the Institution are in its Administration Building, 16th and P streets, northwest, Washington, D. C.
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Carter, James Coolidge

Edition of 1920. See also James C. Carter on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CARTER, James Coolidge, American lawyer: b. Lancaster, Mass., 14 Oct. 1827; d. New York, 14 Feb. 1905. He was educated at Harvard, and his admission to the bar took place in New York in 1853. He was counsel for the city of New York in the famous case of the people against William Tweed, and in 1875 was appointed a member of the commission to devise a system of municipal rule for the cities of the State of New York. In 1892, he shared as counsel in representing the claims of the United Slates to the Bering Sea tribunal. He published ‘The Proposed Codification of Our Common Law’ (1883); ‘The Provinces of the Written and the Unwritten Law’ (1889); ‘The Ideal and Actual Law’ (1890); ‘Law: Its Origin, Growth and Function’ (1907).
# The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Carnegie Technical Schools

Edition of 1920. See also Carnegie Institute of Technology on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
CARNEGIE TECHNICAL SCHOOLS, Pittsburgh, Pa., a co-educational institution founded by Mr. Andrew Carnegie with an endowment of $4,000,000. The schools are housed in five buildings. The United States Geological Survey has established in Machinery Hall the main laboratory of the Chemical Division, Technologic Branch, where investigations of fuels from all parts of the country are conducted. The courses in the schools are arranged for day and night students. There are four departments: 1. The School of Applied Science, offering preliminary and specialized courses in the fields of engineering and chemical practice. The time for completion of the course spends on the aptitude and application of the individual students; (2) the School for Apprentices and Journeymen, which gives general training to supplement the usual apprenticeships in order to counteract the dangers of specialization and over-emphasis of the practical as opposed to the theoretical sides. Courses as given during slack seasons, etc.; (3) the School of Applied Design, offering courses in architecture and interior decoration. The standards for admission are high school or equivalent certificate and an entrance examination; (4) the Margaret Morrison Carnegie School for Women, giving training in the homemaking arts, dress-making and design and secretarial work. Candidates are admitted on personal interview if they are over 18, and by examination if they are under 18.
# The Ethics of the Dust

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Lectures given 1875.
THE ETHICS OF THE DUST
TEN LECTURES TO LITTLE HOUSEWIVES
ON THE ELEMENTS OF CRYSTALLIZATION
BY JOHN RUSKIN, LL.D.,
HONORARY STUDENT OF CHRIST CHURCH, AND SLADE PROFESSOR OF FINE ART

## CONTENTS.

Dedication
Preface to the Second Edition
Second Preface to the Second Edition
Preface
LECTURE
| I. | THE VALLEY OF DIAMONDS |
| II. | THE PYRAMID BUILDERS |
| III. | THE CRYSTAL LIFE |
| IV. | THE CRYSTAL ORDERS |
| V. | CRYSTAL VIRTUES |
| VI. | CRYSTAL QUARRELS |
| VII. | HOME VIRTUES |
| VIII. | CRYSTAL CAPRICE |
| IX. | CRYSTAL SORROWS |
| X. | THE CRYSTAL REST |
| | NOTES |
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Ethics of the Dust/Dedication

DEDICATION.
TO THE REAL LITTLE HOUSEWIVES, WHOSE GENTLE LISTENING AND THOUGHTFUL QUESTIONING ENABLED THE WRITER TO WRITE THIS BOOK, IT IS DEDICATED WITH HIS LOVE.
CHRISTMAS, 1875.