# Richard III (1927) Yale/Text/Act V

Notes originally placed at the bottom of each page appear below, following Act V. Where these notes gloss a word in the text, the gloss can also be found by hovering over the text.
Where these notes refer to an end note (cf. n. = confer notam; "consult note"), a link to the accompanying end note is provided from the Footnotes section. The end notes accompanying Act V begin on page 171 of the original volume.
Layout 2
ACT FIFTH
Scene One
[Salisbury. An open Place]
Enter Buckingham with [the Sheriff and] Halberds, led to execution.
Buck. Will not King Richard let me speak with him?
Sher. No, my good lord; therefore be patient.
Buck. Hastings, and Edward's children, Grey and Rivers, Holy King Henry, and thy fair son Edward, 4 Vaughan, and all that have miscarried By underhand, corrupted, foul injustice, If that your moody discontented souls Do through the clouds behold this present hour, 8 Even for revenge mock my destruction! This is All-Souls' day, fellow, is it not?
Sher. It is.
Buck. Why, then All-Souls' day is my body's doomsday. 12 This is the day which, in King Edward's time, I wish'd might fall on me, when I was found False to his children and his wife's allies; This is the day wherein I wish'd to fall 16 By the false faith of him whom most I trusted; This, this All-Souls' day to my fearful soul Is the determin'd respite of my wrongs. That high All-Seer which I dallied with 20 Hath turn'd my feigned prayer on my head, And given in earnest what I begg'd in jest. ​Thus doth he force the swords of wicked men To turn their own points in their masters' bosoms. 24 Thus Margaret's curse falls heavy on my neck: 'When he,' quoth she, 'shall split thy heart with sorrow, Remember Margaret was a prophetess.' Come, lead me, officers, to the block of shame: 28 Wrong hath but wrong, and blame the due of blame.
Exeunt Buckingham with Officers.
Scene Two
[A Plain near Tamworth]
Richm. Fellows in arms, and my most loving friends, Bruis'd underneath the yoke of tyranny, Thus far into the bowels of the land Have we march'd on without impediment: 4 And here receive we from our father Stanley Lines of fair comfort and encouragement. The wretched, bloody, and usurping boar, That spoil'd your summer fields and fruitful vines, 8 Swills your warm blood like wash, and makes his trough In your embowell'd bosoms, this foul swine Is now even in the centry of this isle, Near to the town of Leicester, as we learn: 12 From Tamworth thither is but one day’s march. In God's name, cheerly on, courageous friends, ​To reap the harvest of perpetual peace By this one bloody trial of sharp war. 16
Oxf. Every man's conscience is a thousand men, To fight against this guilty homicide.
Herb. I doubt not but his friends will turn to us.
Blunt. He hath no friends but what are friends for fear, 20 Which in his dearest need will fly from him.
Richm. All for our vantage: then, in God's name, march: True hope is swift, and flies with swallow's wings; Kings it makes gods, and meaner creatures kings. 24
Exeunt Omnes.
Scene Three
[Bosworth Field]
Enter King Richard in arms with [the Duke of] Norfolk, Ratcliff, and the Earl of Surrey.
K. Rich. Here pitch our tent, even here in Bosworth field. My Lord of Surrey, why look you so sad?
Sur. My heart is ten times lighter than my looks.
K. Rich. My Lord of Norfolk,—
Nor. Here, most gracious liege. 4
K. Rich. Norfolk, we must have knocks; ha! must we not?
Nor. We must both give and take, my loving lord.
K. Rich. Up with my tent! here will I lie to-night; [Soldiers begin to set up the King's tent.] But where to-morrow? Well, all's one for that. 8 Who hath descried the number of the traitors?
​Nor. Six or seven thousand is their utmost power.
K. Rich. Why, our battalia trebles that account; Besides, the king's name is a tower of strength, 12 Which they upon the adverse faction want. Up with the tent! Come, noble gentlemen, Let us survey the vantage of the ground; Call for some men of sound direction: 16 Let's lack no discipline, make no delay; For lords, to-morrow is a busy day. Exeunt.
Enter [on the other side of the field,] Richmond, Sir William Brandon, Oxford, and Dorset.
Richm. The weary sun hath made a golden set, And, by the bright tract of his fiery car, 20 Gives token of a goodly day to-morrow. Sir William Brandon, you shall bear my standard. Give me some ink and paper in my tent: I'll draw the form and model of our battle, 24 Limit each leader to his several charge, And part in just proportion our small power. My Lord of Oxford, you, Sir William Brandon, And you, Sir Walter Herbert, stay with me. 28 The Earl of Pembroke keeps his regiment: Good Captain Blunt, bear my good-night to him, And by the second hour in the morning Desire the earl to see me in my tent. 32 Yet one thing more, good captain, do for me; Where is Lord Stanley quarter'd, do you know?
Blunt. Unless I have mista'en his colours much,— Which, well I am assur'd, I have not done,— 36 His regiment lies half a mile at least ​South from the mighty power of the king.
Richm. If without peril it be possible, Sweet Blunt, make some good means to speak with him, 40 And give him from me this most needful note.
Blunt. Upon my life, my lord, I'll undertake it; And so, God give you quiet rest to-night!
Richm. Good-night, good Captain Blunt. Come, gentlemen, 44 Let us consult upon to-morrow's business. In to my tent! the dew is raw and cold.
They withdraw into the tent.
Enter Richard, Ratcliff, Norfolk, and Catesby.
K. Rich. What is 't o'clock?
Cate. It's supper-time, my lord; It's nine o'clock.
K. Rich. I will not sup to-night. 48 Give me some ink and paper. What, is my beaver easier than it was, And all my armour laid into my tent?
Cate. It is, my liege; and all things are in readiness. 52
K. Rich. Good Norfolk, hie thee to thy charge; Use careful watch; choose trusty sentinels.
Nor. I go, my lord.
K. Rich. Stir with the lark to-morrow, gentle Norfolk. 56
Nor. I warrant you, my lord. Exit.
K. Rich. Ratcliff!
Rat. My lord?
K. Rich. Send out a pursuivant at arms To Stanley's regiment; bid him bring his power 60 ​Before sun-rising, lest his son George fall Into the blind cave of eternal night. Fill me a bowl of wine. Give me a watch. Saddle white Surrey for the field to-morrow. 64 Look that my staves be sound, and not too heavy. Ratcliff!
Rat. My lord?
K. Rich. Saw'st the melancholy Lord Northumberland? 68
Rat. Thomas the Earl of Surrey, and himself, Much about cock-shut time, from troop to troop Went through the army, cheering up the soldiers.
K. Rich. So, I am satisfied. Give me a bowl of wine: 72 I have not that alacrity of spirit, Nor cheer of mind, that I was wont to have. Set it down. Is ink and paper ready?
Rat. It is, my lord. 76
K. Rich. Bid my guard watch; leave me. Ratcliff, about the mid of night come to my tent And help to arm me. Leave me, I say.
[King Richard retires into his tent.] Exit Ratcliff [with Catesby].
[Richmond's tent opens, and discovers him and his Officers, &c.]
Enter Derby to Richmond in his tent.
Der. Fortune and victory sit on thy helm! 80
Richm. All comfort that the dark night can afford Be to thy person, noble father-in-law! Tell me, how fares our noble mother?
Der. I, by attorney, bless thee from thy mother, 84 ​Who prays continually for Richmond's good: So much for that. The silent hours steal on, And flaky darkness breaks within the east. In brief, for so the season bids us be, 88 Prepare thy battle early in the morning, And put thy fortune to th' arbitrement Of bloody strokes and mortal-staring war. I, as I may,—that which I would I cannot,— 92 With best advantage will deceive the time, And aid thee in this doubtful shock of arms: But on thy side I may not be too forward, Lest, being seen, thy brother, tender George, 96 Be executed in his father's sight. Farewell: the leisure and the fearful time Cuts off the ceremonious vows of love And ample interchange of sweet discourse, 100 Which so long sunder'd friends should dwell upon: God give us leisure for these rites of love! Once more, adieu: be valiant, and speed well!
Richm. Good lords, conduct him to his regiment. 104 I'll strive, with troubled noise, to take a nap, Lest leaden slumber peise me down to-morrow, When I should mount with wings of victory. Once more, good-night, kind lords and gentlemen. 108 Exeunt. Manet Richmond. O thou, whose captain I account myself, Look on my forces with a gracious eye! Put in their hands thy bruising irons of wrath, That they may crush down with a heavy fall 112 Th' usurping helmets of our adversaries! Make us thy ministers of chastisement, ​That we may praise thee in thy victory! To thee I do commend my watchful soul, 116 Ere I let fall the windows of mine eyes: Sleeping and waking, O defend me still! Sleeps.
Enter the Ghost of Prince Edward, Son to Henry the Sixth [between the two tents].
Ghost. To Richard. Let me sit heavy on thy soul to-morrow! Think how thou stab'dst me in my prime of youth 120 At Tewkesbury: despair, therefore, and die!
Ghost to Richmond. Be cheerful, Richmond; for the wronged souls Of butcher'd princes fight in thy behalf: King Henry's issue, Richmond, comforts thee. 124
Enter the Ghost of Henry the Sixth.
Ghost. [To King Richard.] When i was mortal, my anointed body By thee was punched full of [deadly] holes: Think on the Tower and me; despair and die! Henry the Sixth bids thee despair and die. 128
To Richmond. Virtuous and holy, be thou conqueror! Harry, that prophesied thou shouldst be king, Doth comfort thee in sleep: live and flourish!
Enter the Ghost of Clarence.
Ghost. [To King Richard.] Let me sit heavy in thy soul to-morrow! 132 I, that was wash'd to death with fulsome wine, Poor Clarence, by thy guile betray'd to death! To-morrow in the battle think on me, And fall thy edgeless sword: despair, and die! 136
​To Richmond. Thou offspring of the house of Lancaster, The wronged heirs of York do pray for thee: Good angels guard thy battle! live, and flourish!
Enter the Ghosts of Rivers, Grey, and Vaughan.
[Ghost of] Rivers. [To King Richard.] Let me sit heavy in thy soul to-morrow, 140 Rivers, that died at Pomfret! despair, and die!
[Ghost of] Grey. [To King Richard.] Think upon Grey, and let thy soul despair.
[Ghost of] Vaughan. [To King Richard.] Think upon Vaughan, and with guilty fear Let fall thy lance: despair, and die!— 144
All to Richmond. Awake! and think our wrongs in Richard's bosom Will conquer him! Awake, and win the day!
Enter the Ghost of Lord Hastings.
Ghost. [To King Richard.] Bloody and guilty, guiltily awake; And in a bloody battle end thy days! 148 Think on Lord Hastings: despair, and die!—
To Richmond. Quiet, untroubled soul, awake, awake! Arm, fight, and conquer, for fair England's sake!
Enter the Ghosts of the two young Princes.
Ghosts. [To King Richard.] Dream on thy cousins smother'd in the Tower: 152 Let us be laid within thy bosom, Richard, And weigh thee down to ruin, shame, and death! Thy nephews' souls bid thee despair, and die!
​To Richmond. Sleep, Richmond, sleep in peace, and wake in joy; 156 Good angels guard thee from the boar's annoy! Live, and beget a happy race of kings! Edward's unhappy sons do bid thee flourish.
Enter the Ghost of Anne, his wife.
Ghost. To Richard. Richard, thy wife, that wretched Anne, thy wife, 160 That never slept a quiet hour with thee, Now fills thy sleep with perturbations: To-morrow in the battle think on me, And fail thy edgeless sword: despair, and die! 164
To Richmond. Thou quiet soul, sleep thou a quiet sleep; Dreams of success and happy victory! Thy adversary's wife doth pray for thee.
Enter the Ghost of Buckingham.
Ghost. To Richard. The first was I that help'd thee to the crown; 168 The last was I felt thy tyranny. O! in the battle think on Buckingham, And die in terror of thy guiltiness! Dream on, dream on, of bloody deeds and death: 172 Fainting, despair; despairing, yield thy breath!
To Richmond. I died for hope ere I could lend thee aid: But cheer thy heart, and be thou not dismay'd: God and good angels fight on Richmond's side; 176 And Richard fall in height of all his pride!
[The Ghosts vanish. King] Richard starts out of his dream.
​K. Rich. Give me another horse! bind up my wounds! Have mercy, Jesu! Soft! I did but dream. O coward conscience, how dost thou afflict me! 180 The lights burn blue. It is now dead midnight. Cold fearful drops stand on my trembling flesh. What? do I fear myself? there's none else by: Richard loves Richard; that is, I am I. 184 Is there a murtherer here? No. Yes, I am: Then fly: what! from myself? Great reason: why? Lest I revenge. What? myself upon myself? Alack! I love myself. Wherefore? for any good 188 That I myself have done unto myself? O no: alas! I rather hate myself For hateful deeds committed by myself. I am a villain. Yet I lie; I am not. 192 Fool, of thyself speak well: fool, do not flatter. My conscience hath a thousand several tongues, And every tongue brings in a several tale, And every tale condemns me for a villain. 196 Perjury, [perjury,] in the high'st degree: Murther, stern murther, in the dir'st degree; All several sins, all us'd in each degree, Throng all to the bar, crying all, 'Guilty! guilty!' 200 I shall despair. There is no creature loves me; And if I die, no soul shall pity me: Nay, wherefore should they, since that I myself Find in myself no pity to myself? 204 Methought the souls of all that I had murther'd Came to my tent; and every one did threat To-morrow's vengeance on the head of Richard.
Enter Ratcliff.
Rat. My lord! 208
K. Rich. ['Zounds!] Who's there?
Rat. Ratcliff, my lord; 'tis I. The early village cock Hath twice done salutation to the morn; Your friends are up, and buckle on their armour. 212
[K. Rich. O Ratcliff! I have dream'd a fearful dream. What thinkest thou, will our friends prove all true?
Rat. No doubt, my lord.]
K. Rich. O Ratcliff! I fear, I fear,—
Rat. Nay, good my lord, be not afraid of shadows. 216
K. Rich. By the apostle Paul, shadows to-night Have struck more terror to the soul of Richard Than can the substance of ten thousand soldiers, Armed in proof, and led by shallow Richmond. 220 'Tis not yet near day. Come, go with me; Under our tents I'll play the eaves-dropper, To hear if any mean to shrink from me.
Exeunt Richard and Ratcliff.
Enter the Lords [Oxford and Others] to Richmond sitting in his tent.
Lords. Good morrow, Richmond! 224
Richm. Cry mercy, lords, and watchful gentlemen, That you have ta'en a tardy sluggard here.
Lords. How have you slept, my lord?
Richm. The sweetest sleep, and fairest-boding dreams 228 That ever enter'd in a drowsy head, Have I since your departure had, my lords. ​Methought their souls, whose bodies Richard murther'd, Came to my tent and cried on victory: 232 I promise you, my heart is very jocund In the remembrance of so fair a dream. How far into the morning is it, lords?
Lords. Upon the stroke of four. 236
Richm. Why, then ’tis time to arm and give direction.
His oration to his Soldiers.
More than I have said, loving countrymen, The leisure and enforcement of the time Forbids to dwell upon: yet remember this, 240 God and our good cause fight upon our side; The prayers of holy saints and wronged souls, Like high-rear'd bulwarks, stand before our faces; Richard except, those whom we fight against 244 Had rather have us win than him they follow. For what is he they follow? truly, gentlemen, A bloody tyrant and a homicide; One rais'd in blood, and one in blood establish'd; 248 One that made means to come by what he hath, And slaughter'd those that were the means to help him; A base foul stone, made precious by the foil Of England's chair, where he is falsely set; 252 One that hath ever been God's enemy. Then, if you fight against God's enemy, God will in justice ward you as his soldiers; If you do swear to put a tyrant down, 256 You sleep in peace, the tyrant being slain; If you do fight against your country's foes, Your country's fat shall pay your pains the hire; ​If you do fight in safeguard of your wives, 260 Your wives shall welcome home the conquerors; If you do free your children from the sword, Your children's children quits it in your age. Then, in the name of God and all these rights, 264 Advance your standards, draw your willing swords. For me, the ransom of my bold attempt Shall be this cold corpse on the earth's cold face; But if I thrive, the gain of my attempt 268 The least of you shall share his part thereof. Sound drums and trumpets, boldly and cheerfully; God and Saint George! Richmond and victory!
Exeunt.
Enter King Richard, Ratcliff, and Catesby
[Attendants, and Forces].
K. Rich. What said Northumberland as touching Richmond? 272
Rat. That he was never trained up in arms.
K. Rich. He said the truth: and what said Surrey then?
Rat. He smil'd, and said, 'The better for our purpose.'
K. Rich. He was in the right; and so, indeed, it is. Clock strikes. 276 Tell the clock there. Give me a calendar. Who saw the sun to-day?
Rat. Not I, my lord.
K. Rich. Then he disdains to shine; for by the book He should have brav'd the east an hour ago: 280 A black day will it be to somebody. Ratcliff!
​Rat. My lord?
K. Rich. The sun will not be seen to-day; The sky doth frown and lower upon our army. 284 I would these dewy tears were from the ground. Not shine to-day! Why, what is that to me More than to Richmond? for the self-same heaven That frowns on me looks sadly upon him. 288
Enter Norfolk.
Nor. Arm, arm, my lord! the foe vaunts in the field.
K. Rich. Come, bustle, bustle; caparison my horse. Call up Lord Stanley, bid him bring his power: I will lead forth my soldiers to the plain, 292 And thus my battle shall be ordered: My forward shall be drawn [out all] in length, Consisting equally of horse and foot; Our archers shall be placed in the midst: 296 John Duke of Norfolk, Thomas Earl of Surrey, Shall have the leading of the foot and horse. They thus directed, we will follow In the main battle, whose puissance on either side 300 Shall be well winged with our chiefest horse. This, and Saint George to boot! What think'st thou, Norfolk?
Nor. A good direction, warlike sovereign. This found I on my tent this morning. 304 'Jockey of Norfolk, be not so bold, For Dickon thy master is bought and sold.'
K. Rich. A thing devised by the enemy! Go, gentlemen; every man to his charge: 308 ​Let not our babbling dreams affright our souls; For conscience is a word that cowards use, Devis'd at first to keep the strong in awe: Our strong arms be our conscience, swords our law. 312 March on, join bravely, let us to 't pell-mell; If not to heaven, then hand in hand to hell.
[His oration to his Army.]
What shall I say more than I have inferr'd? Remember whom you are to cope withal: 316 A sort of vagabonds, rascals, and run-aways, A scum of Britaines and base lackey peasants, Whom their o'ercloyed country vomits forth To desperate adventures and assur'd destruction. 320 You sleeping safe, they bring you to unrest; You having lands, and bless'd with beauteous wives, They would restrain the one, distain the other. And who doth lead them but a paltry fellow, 324 Long kept in Britaine at our mother's cost? A milksop, one that never in his life Felt so much cold as over shoes in snow? Let's whip these stragglers o'er the seas again; 328 Lash hence these overweening rags of France, These famish'd beggars, weary of their lives; Who, but for dreaming on this fond exploit, For want of means, poor rats, had hang'd themselves: 332 If we be conquer'd, let men conquer us, And not these bastard Britaines; whom our fathers Have in their own land beaten, bobb'd, and thump'd, And, on record, left them the heirs of shame. 336 Shall these enjoy our lands? lie with our wives? ​Ravish our daughters? Drum afar off. Hark! I hear their drum. Fight, gentlemen of England! fight, bold yeomen! Draw, archers, draw your arrows to the head! 340 Spur your proud horses hard, and ride in blood; Amaze the welkin with your broken staves!
Enter a Messenger.
What says Lord Stanley? will he bring his power?
Mess. My lord, he doth deny to come. 344
K. Rich. Off with his son George's head!
Nor. My lord, the enemy is pass'd the marsh: After the battle let George Stanley die.
K. Rich. A thousand hearts are great within my bosom: 348 Advance our standards! set upon our foes! Our ancient word of courage, fair Saint George, Inspire us with the spleen of fiery dragons! Upon them! Victory sits upon our helms. 352
[Exeunt.]
Scene Four
[Another Part of the Field]
Alarum: Excursions. Enter [Norfolk and Forces; to him] Catesby.
Cate. Rescue, my Lord of Norfolk! rescue, rescue! The king enacts more wonders than a man, Daring an opposite to every danger: His horse is slain, and all on foot he fights, 4 Seeking for Richmond in the throat of death. Rescue, fair lord, or else the day is lost!
Alarums. Enter Richard.
K. Rich. A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse!
Cate. Withdraw, my lord; I'll help you to a horse. 8
K. Rich. Slave! I have set my life upon a cast, And I will stand the hazard of the die. T think there be six Richmonds in the field; Five have I slain to-day, instead of him.— 12 A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse!
[Exeunt.]
Richm. God and your arms be prais'd, victorious friends: The day is ours, the bloody dog is dead.
Der. Courageous Richmond, well hast thou acquit thee! 16 Lo! here, this long-usurped royalty From the dead temples of this bloody wretch Have I pluck'd off, to grace thy brows withal: Wear it, [enjoy it,] and make much of it. 20
Richm. Great God of heaven, say amen to all! But, tell me, is young George Stanley living?
Der. He is, my lord, and safe in Leicester town; Whither, if you please, we may withdraw us. 24
Richm. What men of name are slain on either side?
Der. John Duke of Norfolk, Walter Lord Ferrers, Sir Robert Brakenbury, and Sir William Brandon.
Richm. Inter their bodies as become their births: 28 ​Proclaim a pardon to the soldiers fled That in submission will return to us; And then, as we have ta'en the sacrament, We will unite the white rose and the red: 32 Smile, heaven, upon this fair conjunction, That long have frown'd upon their enmity! What traitor hears me, and says not amen? England hath long been mad, and scarr'd herself; 36 The brother blindly shed the brother's blood, The father rashly slaughter'd his own son, The son, compell'd, been butcher to the sire: All this divided York and Lancaster, 40 Divided in their dire division, O, now let Richmond and Elizabeth, The true succeeders of each royal house, By God's fair ordinance conjoin together; 44 And let their heirs—God, if thy will be so,— Enrich the time to come with smooth-fac'd peace, With smiling plenty, and fair prosperous days! Abate the edge of traitors, gracious Lord, 48 That would reduce these bloody days again, And make poor England weep in streams of blood! Let them not live to taste this land's increase, That would with treason wound this fair land's peace! 52 Now civil wounds are stopp'd, peace lives again: That she may tong live here, God say amen! Exeunt.
FINIS.
Footnotes to Act V
Scene One
​10 All-Souls' day: November first; cf. n. 13 Cf. n. 19 determin'd . . . wrongs; cf. n. ​24 bosoms; cf. n. 25 Cf. n.
Scene Two
​3 bowels: center 6 Lines: letters 8 spoil'd: despoiled; cf. n. 10 embowell'd: disemboweled 11 centry: exact center ​20 friends for fear; cf. n.
Scene Three
​Scene Three S. d. Earl of Surrey; cf. n. 9 descried: caught sight of ​11 battalia: battle array; cf. n. 12 tower; cf. n. 16 direction: capacity of directing 18 S. d. Dorset; cf. n. 19 set: setting 20 tract: trace, sunset glow 25 Limit: assign several charge: individual command 29 keeps: stays with ​40 make . . . means: contrive some opportunity 41 needful: important 50 beaver: face-guard of the helmet ​62 blind: dark 63 watch: sentinel (?); cf. n. 65 staves: lance-shafts 68 Saw'st: sawest thou 70 cock-shut time: evening twilight 84 attorney: proxy ​87 flaky: i.e. broken into flakes of cloud 90 arbitrement: decision 91 mortal-staring: fatal-visaged 93 the time: i.e. those who are about me 96 tender George; cf. n. 98 leisure: duration of opportunity 105 troubled: troublesome 106 peise: weigh 111 bruising . . . wrath; cf. n. ​117 windows: shutters 119 Cf. n. 133 fulsome: nauseating ​144 lance; cf. n. 153 laid; cf. n. ​157 annoy: annoyance 174 for hope; cf. n. ​180 coward conscience; cf. n. 181 lights . . . blue; cf. n. now; cf. n. 183 Cf. n. 200 bar: i.e. of justice 202 shall; cf. n. ​209 'Zounds: an oath, God's wounds 213–215 Cf. n. 220 proof: impenetrable armor 222 eaves-dropper; cf. n. 225 Cry mercy: I beg your pardon ​232 cried on: proclaimed; cf. n. 238 Cf. n. 239 enforcement: constraint, limitation 244 except: with the exception of 255 ward: guard 256 swear; cf. n. 259 fat: prosperity ​265 Advance: raise 266 ransom: forfeit 277 Tell: count the strokes of 279 book: i.e. the calendar 280 brav'd: made splendid ​289 vaunts: boasts 290 caparison: put trappings on 301 winged: flanked 303 direction: order of battle 305 Jockey; cf. n. 306 Dickon: a cognomen of the Devil, with a quibble on the nickname 'Dick' for Richard bought and sold: i.e. betrayed for a bribe ​315 Cf. n. 316 cope withal: have to do with 317 sort: set 323 distain: defile 325 Britaine: Brittany 329 overweening: presumptuous 335 bobb'd: banged ​344 deny: refuse 345 Cf. n. 346 marsh; cf. n. 351 spleen: wrath
Scene Four
​3 opposite: adversary ​7 Cf. n. 9 cast: i.e. of the dice, a gambler's chance 10 hazard: chance 11 six Richmonds; cf. n. 16 acquit: acquitted 17 royalty; cf. n. 27 Brandon; cf. n. ​38, 39 Cf. n. 45 their; cf. n. 48 Abate: blunt