OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Cornish, Charles John

​CORNISH, CHARLES JOHN (1858–1906), naturalist, born on 28 Sept. 1858 at Salcombe House, near Sidmouth, the residence of his grandfather, Charles John Cornish, J.P., D.L., was eldest son of Charles John Cornish, then curate of Sidbury, Devonshire, by his first wife, Anne Charlotte Western (d. 1887). He was brought up at Debenham, Suffolk, where his ​father became vicar in 1859. In 1872 he entered Charterhouse as a gownboy, and left in 1876. After engaging in private tuition, he entered Hertford College, Oxford, as a commoner in 1881, was elected Brunsell exhibitioner in 1882 and Lusby scholar in 1883. In the same year he obtained his ‘blue’ in association football, a second class in classical moderations in 1883, and a second class in literæ humaniores in 1885. He was then appointed assistant classical master at St. Paul's School, and held the post until his death. He was the founder in 1896 of the school field club. Soon after coming to London he wrote occasional articles on natural history and country life, and in 1890 became a regular contributor to the ‘Spectator,’ and, later, to ‘Country Life.’ Many of his articles re-appeared in book form. Cornish's country tastes and love of shooting and fishing were fostered by his father, in whose family they were traditional. His artistic and literary gifts he inherited from his mother. His powers of observation were unusually keen and rapid, his memory remarkably good, and he had powers of vivid expression. His literary energy, which continued through twenty years, stimulated public interest in natural history and country life, and helped to give these subjects an assured place in English journalism. He died at Worthing on 30 Jan. 1906, from an illness originating in an accident incurred many years before when shooting. After cremation his ashes were interred at Salcombe Regis, near Sidmouth, and a mural tablet to his memory was placed in the parish church. He married in 1893 Edith, eldest daughter of Sir John I. Thornycroft, C.E., F.R.S., by whom he had one daughter.
Cornish was author of the following books: 1. ‘The New Forest,’ 1894. 2. ‘The Isle of Wight,’ 1895. 3. ‘Life at the Zoo,’ 1895 (the work which made him generally known). 4. ‘Wild England of To-day, and the Wild Life in it,’ 1895. 5. ‘Animals at Work and Play,’ 1896. 6. ‘Nights with an Old Gunner,’ 1897. 7. ‘Animals of To-day,’ 1898. 8. ‘The Naturalist on the Thames,’ 1902. 9. ‘Sir William Henry Flower, a Personal Memoir,’ 1904. He co-operated with others in ‘Living Animals of the World’ (2 vols. 1901–2). ‘Animal Artisans and other Studies of Birds and Beasts,’ with a prefatory memoir by his widow, was published in 1907.
[Memoir by his widow, 1907; The Times, 31 Jan. and 5 Feb. 1906; personal knowledge.]
V. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Cowie, William Garden

​COWIE, WILLIAM GARDEN (1831–1902), bishop of Auckland, born in London on 8 Jan. 1831 was second son of Alexander Cowie of St. John's Wood, London, by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Alexander Garden. Both parents came from Aberdeenshire. Admitted a pensioner of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, on 20 May 1852, and elected scholar in the following October, he was second in the first class of the law tripos in 1854 and graduated B.A. in 1855, M.A. in 1865, and D.D. in 1869. Ordained deacon in 1854 and priest in 1855, he served the curacies of St. Clement's, Cambridge (1854), and Moulton, Suffolk (1855-7). Appointed in 1857 chaplain to the forces in India, he was present at the capture of Lucknow (receiving medal and clasp) and at the battles of Aliganj, Rooyah, and Bareli; he accompanied Sir Neville Chamberlain's column in the Afghan campaign of 1863-4 (medal and clasp), and in 1864 acted as domestic and examining chaplain to G. E. L. Cotton [q. v.], bishop of Calcutta. In 1865 he was chaplain in Kashmir, and warmly supported the work of the Church Missionary Society at Srinagar. In 1867 he returned home and became rector of Stafford. In 1868 bishop G. A. Selwyn [q. v.], on his translation from the see of New Zealand to that of Lichfield, was empowered by the diocesan synod of Auckland to choose a successor for the diocese of Auckland (the title of New Zealand expiring). He nominated Cowie, who was, in 1869, consecrated bishop of Auckland in Westminster Abbey.
Cowie readily won the confidence of the settlers, diligently visiting all parts of his diocese. He fostered St. John's college, Auckland, for ordination candidates, of which he was visitor and governor, and in 1880 was made a fellow of the University of New Zealand. .He found many of the Maoris alienated by the war, but conciliated these, encouraged the native ministry, and established native church boards in his northern archdeaconries. He came home for the Lambeth Conference of 1888, and in a small book, 'Our Last Year in New Zealand' (1888), he explained the conditions of his diocese and his mode of life. In 1895 he was made primate of New Zealand. He came home again for the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria and the Lambeth Conference of 1897, receiving in that year the D.D. degree at Oxford. His strength failing, he resigned his see in 1902, and died shortly afterwards at Wellington, New Zealand, on 21 June.
He married in 1869 Eliza Jane, eldest daughter of William Webber of Moulton, Suffolk, and granddaughter of Sir Thomas Preston, Bart., of Beeston Hill, Norfolk. She died in New Zealand on 18 Aug. 1902. Cowie published, in addition to the work mentioned, 'Notes on the Temples of Cashmir,' and 'A Visit to Norfolk Island.'
[The Times, 27 June 1902; Guardian, 1 Oct. 1902; E. Stock, History of the Church Missionary Society, 1899, ii. 575; Two Hundred Years of the S.P.G., p. 442; Jacob, Colonial Church Histories: New Zealand, pp. 340-1; Lowndes, Bishops of the Day; private information.]
A. R. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Cousin, Anne Ross

​COUSIN, Mrs. ANNE ROSS (1824–1906), hymn-writer, only child of David Ross Cundell, M.D., an assistant surgeon of the 33rd regiment at Waterloo, was born in Hull on 27 April 1824, her family removing soon after to Leith. Educated, privately, she became an expert pianist under John Muir Wood. In 1847 she married William Cousin, minister of Chelsea presbyterian church, who was subsequently called to the Free church at Irvine, Ayrshire, and thence in 1859 to Melrose. He retired to Edinburgh in 1878 and died there in 1883. Mrs. Cousin survived him for twenty-three years, dying in Edinburgh on 6 Dec. 1906. In 1910 a stained-glass window to her memory was placed in St. Aidan's United Free church, Melrose. She had four sons and two daughters. A son, John W. Cousin, who died in December 1910, compiled 'A Biographical Dictionary of English Literature,' published in Dent's 'Everyman's Library.'
Mrs. Cousin is best known by her hymn 'The sands of time are sinking,' written at Irvine in 1854. 'I wrote it,' she said, 'as I sat at work one Saturday evening, and though I threw it off at that time, it was the result of long familiarity with the writings of Samuel Rutherford, especially his Letters.' The original was in nineteen stanzas, and appeared first in 'The Christian Treasury' in 1857, under the heading 'Last Words of Samuel Rutherford.' It did not become generally known until the Rev. Dr. J. Hood Wilson, of the Barclay church, Edinburgh, introduced a shortened version of five verses (only the fourth and ​fifth of which correspond with the now popular version) into a hymn book, ‘Service of Praise,’ prepared for his congregation in 1865. The refrain of the hymn gave the leading title to Mrs. Cousin's ‘Immanuel's Land and other Pieces’ (1876; second edition, revised, 1896). Next in popularity among her hymns are ‘O Christ, what burdens bowed Thy head,’ which Mr. Sankey eulogised as a ‘Gospel hymn’ that had been ‘very much blessed,’ and ‘King Eternal! King Immortal,’ which has been frequently set to music and sung at great choral festivals.
[Information from her daughter, Miss Anne P. Cousin; Julian's Dict. of Hymnology; Life of Dr. J. Hood Wilson; Duncan Campbell's Hymns and Hymn Makers; Musical Times, Jan. 1907, specially as to the tune of ‘The sands of time.’]
J. C. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Couch, Richard

​COUCH, Sir RICHARD (1817–1905), judge, only son of Richard Couch of Bermondsey, was born on 17 May 1817. After being educated privately, he entered as a student of the Middle Temple on 10 Jan, 1838, and was called to the bar on 15 Jan. 1841. In 1844 he assisted in editing Blackstone's 'Commentaries' (21st edit.). For some years he practised on what was then the Norfolk circuit, and he was recorder of Bedford from 1858 to 1862. In the last year he became a puisne judge of the high court of Bombay upon its re-establishment under the charter of 1862. Upon the retirement of Sir Matthew Sausse in 1866 he succeeded ​to the chief justiceship of the court and was knighted. In 1870 he succeeded Sir Barnes Peacock [q. v.] as chief justice of the high court of Calcutta. In 1875 Couch was appointed president of the commission of inquiry into the charge brought against the Gaekwar of Baroda of conspiring to poison Colonel (afterwards Sir) Robert Phayre [q. v. Suppl. I]. The Gaekwar was defended by Serjeant Ballantine [q. v. Suppl. I]. Couch and the other English commissioners found the Gaekwar guilty of instigating the crime, but the native commissioners gave in effect a verdict of 'not proven.' In the same year Couch resigned the chief justiceship. Returning to England, he was made a member of the privy council, and in January 1881 he was appointed to the judicial committee as one of the two members enjoying judicial experience in India or the colonies (Act 3 & 4 Will. IV c. 41). In that capacity Couch did valuable work for twenty years. He was not a brilliant judge, but his judgements were invariably clear and his grasp of principles enabled him to deal efficiently even with appeals from South Africa and other parts of the empire where the prevailing system of law is not English. He was elected a bencher of his inn in March 1881. He died at his residence, 25 Linden Gardens, London, W., on 29 Nov. 1905, and was buried at Paddington cemetery.
Couch married on 1 Feb. 1845 Anne (d. 1898), eldest daughter of Richard Thomas Beck of Combs, Suffolk, and had one son, Richard Edward, also a barrister of the Middle Temple, who predeceased him.
[The Times, 30 Nov. 1905; Men and Women of the Time, 1899; Who's Who, 1904; Foster, Men at the Bar; Law Journal, 2 Dec. 1905.]
C. E. A. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Macdonald, John Denis

​MACDONALD, Sir JOHN DENIS (1826–1908), inspector-general of hospitals and fleets, born at Cork on 26 Oct. 1826, was youngest son of James Macdonald, artist, by his wife Catherine, daughter of Denis McCarthy of Kilcoleman, co. Cork. His father was the representative of the Castleton branch of the Macdonald family, and claimant of the Annandale peerage through his great-grandfather, the Hon. John Johnston of Stapleton. He was privately educated, and after attending the Cork school of medicine went to King's College medical school to finish his course. Having qualified, he entered the navy as assistant surgeon in 1849 and was appointed to the Royal Hospital, Plymouth. In 1852 he was appointed to the Herald, and continued in her on surveying service in the South Pacific until 1859. In the same year he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society for his unremitting microscopic studies with the aid of the sounding-lead, dredge, and towing-net, and was promoted to surgeon. In 1862 he was awarded the Makdougall-Brisbane medal by the Royal Society of Edinburgh for his deep-sea investigations. In 1864 he was appointed to Haslar Hospital, and in June 1870 as staff surgeon to the Lord Warden, flagship in the Mediterranean. In 1871 he was awarded the Gilbert Blane medal. In March 1872 he was appointed to the flagship at Portsmouth for service as professor of naval hygiene at Netley; this post he continued to hold after his promotion to deputy inspector-general in Feb. 1875. In July 1880 he was promoted inspector-general, and in that rank was in charge of the Royal Naval Hospital at Plymouth from 1883 to 1886. He retired on 24 May 1886. He was made K.C.B. in 1902. His chief publications were 'The Analogy of Sound and Colour' (1869); 'Outlines of Naval Hygiene' (1881); and a 'Guide to the Microscopical Examination of Drinking Water' (1883). He died at Southall on 7 Feb. 1908.
​Macdonald was twice married: (1) in 1863 to Sarah Phoebe (d. 1875), daughter of Ely Walker of Stainland, Yorkshire, by whom he had two sons and two daughters; (2) to Erina, daughter of William Archer, prebendary of Limerick. She died in 1893, without issue.
[The Times, 11 Feb. 1908; information from the family.]
L. G. C. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Macbain, Alexander

​MACBAIN, ALEXANDER (1855–1907) Celtic scholar, born at Glenfeshie, Badenoch, Inverness-shire, on 22 July 1855, was son of John Macbain, crofter, of Glenfeshie. Educated at the schools of Insch and Alvie, he became a pupil-teacher; subsequently for a short time he was engaged on the Ordnance Survey in Wales. In 1874 he entered the grammar school of Old Aberdeen, and in 1876 matriculated as a bursar at King's College, Aberdeen. He won distinction in both classics and philosophy, and graduated in 1880 with honours. For a brief period he acted as assistant at his Aberdeen school, and in 1881 was appointed rector of Raining's School, Inverness, under the government of the Highland Trust. In 1894 the school was transferred to the Inverness school board to form a higher grade school, and was incorporated with the high public school, where Macbain taught till his death. His leisure was devoted to Celtic studies. In 1901 Aberdeen University conferred upon him the hon. degree of LL.D., and he received on 1 April 1905, on the recommendation of Mr. A. J. Balfour, then prime minister, a civil list pension of 90l. He died of apoplexy in an hotel at Stirling on 6 April 1907. He was buried in Rothiemurchus churchyard, Badenoch. A study for a picture-portrait of him was made in 1885 by Colin J. Mackenzie, and was in possession of F. Maciver, Inverness. He was unmarried.
Macbain was recognised as one of the most learned Celtic scholars of his time. His first book, 'Celtic Mythology and Religion,' was published at Inverness in 1885. His useful book, 'Personal Names and Surnames of the Town of Inverness,' was issued at the same place in 1895, as was also 'An Etymological Dictionary of the Gaelic Language' in 1896. Macbain's 'Dictionary,' which occupied him from 1882 till 1896, contains 6900 words, traced etymologically with great erudition. The first edition was exhausted in a year; and Macbain was arranging for a new edition at his death. In 1892 he edited Dr. Cameron's 'Reliquiæ Celticæ,' and in 1900 he edited and recast Alexander Mackenzie's 'History of the Mathesons,' which had come out in 1882. Macbain also edited Skene's 'Highlanders,' 'The Book of Deer,' and MacEachen's 'Gaelic Dictionary,' all of which were published at Stirling. He edited the 'Celtic Magazine' (Inverness) from 1886 till 1888, and was joint editor of 'The Highland Monthly' (Inverness) from 1889 till 1902. He was a frequent contributor to these magazines and to the 'Proceedings' of various societies, notably the Inverness Gaelic Society and the Inverness Scientific Society and Field Club. He wrote on the Picts in 'Chambers's Encyclopædia.'
[Inverness Courier, 9 April 1907; Northern Chronicle, 10 April 1907; Celtic Monthly, April 1907; private information.]
A. H. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Macbeth, Robert Walker

​MACBETH, ROBERT WALKER (1848–1910), painter and etcher, born at Glasgow on 30 Sept. 1848, was second son of Norman Macbeth [q. v.], R.S.A. He received his general education partly in Edinburgh, partly at Friedrichsdorf in Germany. Returning home, he studied art in the schools of the Royal Scottish Academy. In 1871 he came to London, where with his friend Edward John Gregory [q. v. Suppl. II] and (Sir) Hubert (von) Herkomer he joined the staff of the newly founded 'Graphic' newspaper and entered the Royal Academy schools. His early practice was chiefly in water-colour, and in 1874 he was elected a member of the Royal Water Colour Society. He was also a constant exhibitor at the Royal Academy, where his work showed something of the influence of Frederick Walker [q. v.]. At the Academy he exhibited, among other oil paintings which attracted attention, 'A Lincolnshire Gang' (1876), 'Potato Harvest in the Fens' (1877), and 'A Fen Flood' (1883). His 'Cast Shoe' was purchased by the Chan trey bequest in 1890 for 630l. It was however as an etcher that Macbeth was most widely known. During the vogue enjoyed by reproductive etching from 1880 onwards, he etched a series of large plates after pictures by Velazquez and Titian, in the Prado Gallery, Madrid. ​They are remarkable for the vigour and richness with which they suggest the colour and handling of their originals. He also etched the 'Le Chant d'Amour' of Burne-Jones (R.A. 1896).
Macbeth was elected an associate of the Royal Academy in 1883, at the same time as Gregory, and a full academician in 1903, and became an original member of the Society of Painter-Etchers.
During his latter years he lived chiefly at Washford, near Dunster, and hunted with the Exmoor staghounds. His London studio was in Tite Street, Chelsea. He died at Holder's Green on 1 Nov. 1910, and was buried there.
Macbeth married in 1887 Lydia, eldest daughter of General Bates of the Bombay native cavalry. His widow survived him with a daughter, Mrs. Reginald Owen. A portrait in oils was painted by Carlo Pellegrini [q. v.].
Some of his work was shown at the winter exhibition of the Royal Academy in January 1911.
[Men and Women of the Time; Hodgson and Eaton, Royal Academy and its Members, 1905, p. 359; Graves, Royal Academy Exhibitors; The Times, 3, 4, and 8 Nov. 1910; private information.]
W. A.
# Doyle v. London Guarantee & Accident Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
204 U.S. 599
Doyle v. London Guarantee & Accident Company
Argued: January 11, 1907. --- Decided: February 25, 1907
Messrs. E. Clinton Rhoads and John C. Bell for Doyle et al.
[Argument of Counsel from page 599 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Thomas Raeburn White for the London Guarantee & Accident Company.
[Argument of Counsel from page 599 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Day delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dows v. Johnson/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
110 U.S. 223
Dows v. Johnson
We have no jurisdiction in this case. The suit was brought by Dows & Co. to recover damages for the unlawful conversion of 10,000 bushels of corn, the value of which, according to the findings, did not exceed $6,000. With interest added to this sum from the date of the alleged conversion until the judgment, the most that could have been recovered, upon the special finding, was $6,360. A judgment was in fact rendered for $2,430. The matter in dispute in this court is the difference between these two sums, or only $3,930. In Hilton v. Dickinson, 108 U.S. --, [S.C.. 2 SUP. CT. REP. 424,] it was settled that our jurisdiction depends on the value of the matter in dispute here, and as that in the present case is less than $5,000, it follows that the suit must be dismissed; and it is so ordered dismissed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Doxology

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Doxology."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Glory Be to the Father, anonymous, 2nd century.
* Gloria in Excelsis Deo, anonymous, 2nd century.
* Praise God, from Whom All Blessings Flow" by Thomas Ken, 1692.
# Economic Sophisms/Chapter 8

VIII.
DIFFERENTIAL DUTIES.
A Poor vine-dresser of the Gironde had trained with fond enthusiasm a slip of vine, which, after much fatigue and much labour, yielded him, at length, a tun of wine; and his success made him forget that each drop of this precious nectar had cost ​his brow a drop of sweat. "I shall sell it," said he to his wife, "and with the price I shall buy stuff sufficient to enable you to furnish a trousseau for our daughter." The honest countryman repaired to the nearest town, and met a Belgian and an Englishman. The Belgian said to him: "Give me your cask of wine, and I will give you in exchange fifteen parcels of stuff." The Englishman said: "Give me your wine, and I will give you twenty parcels of stuff; for we English can manufacture the stuff cheaper than the Belgians." But a Customhouse officer, who was present, interposed, and said: "My good friend, exchange with the Belgian if you think proper, but my orders are to prevent you from making an exchange with the Englishman." "What!" exclaimed the countryman; "you wish me to be content with fifteen parcels of stuff which have come from Brussels, when I can get twenty parcels which have come from Manchester?" "Certainly; don't you see that France would be a loser if you received twenty parcels, instead of fifteen?" "I am at a loss to understand you," said the vine-dresser, "And I am at a loss to explain it," rejoined the Customhouse official; "but the thing is certain, for all our deputies, ministers, and journalists agree in this, that the more a nation receives in exchange for a given quantity of its products, the more it is impoverished." The peasant found it necessary to conclude a bargain with the Belgian. The daughter of the peasant got only three-quarters of her trousseau; and these simple people are still asking themselves how it happens that one is ruined by receiving four instead of three; and why a person is richer with three dozens of towels than with four dozens.
# Economic Strength of the Bohemian Lands

* related portals: Czech lands, Economic history and conditions.
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Article published in two parts in The Bohemian Review
* "Economic Strength of the Bohemian Lands (1)" in The Bohemian Review, 2 (2) (1918), pp. 21–23
* "Economic Strength of the Bohemian Lands (2)" in The Bohemian Review, 2 (4) (1918), pp. 54–56
# Divorce Act, 1979/Versions

Various versions of the Divorce Act, 1979, exist:
* as enacted on 15 June 1979 and as came into force on 1 July 1979.
* as amended on 1 November 1984 by the Matrimonial Property Act, 1984.
* as amended on 3 October 1986 by the Transfer of Powers and Duties of the State President Act, 1986.
* as amended on 2 December 1988 by the Marriage and Matrimonial Property Law Amendment Act, 1988.
* as amended on 1 August 1989 by the Divorce Amendment Act, 1989.
* as amended on 1 October 1990 by the Mediation in Certain Divorce Matters Act, 1987.
* as amended on 15 April 1992 by the Divorce Amendment Act, 1992.
* as amended on 1 August 1992 by the Domicile Act, 1992.
* as amended on 22 November 1996 by the Divorce Amendment Act, 1996.
* as amended on 1 April 1997 by the Justice Laws Rationalisation Act, 1996.
* as amended on 6 April 1998 by the Divorce Courts Amendment Act, 1997.
* as amended on 1 June 1998 by the Films and Publications Act, 1996.
* as amended on 31 March 2005 by the Judicial Matters Second Amendment Act, 2003.
* as amended on 9 August 2010 by the Jurisdiction of Regional Courts Amendment Act, 2008, and currently in force.