OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The Future of the Falkland Islands and Its People/Comment On Falklands Paper by Mr. L. Ivanov

Comment On Falklands Paper By Mr. L. Ivanov
Jan Cheek, Legislative Councillor
Falkland Islands Government
I am in full agreement with Mr. Ivanov’s comment that the Falkland Islands early history is often misrepresented by the Argentines and those basic inaccuracies are picked up and repeated uncritically by British commentators and others. It is greatly frustrating for Falkland Islanders to see that many people find it easier to accept Argentine propaganda rather than seek facts. We are very grateful when independent commentators help to set the record straight.
I also agree that with the passage of time the relevance of the Argentine claim diminishes. In any case we know that the substance of that claim is dubious. Surely, in the 21st Century, a country should belong to those who have lived and worked in it for seven and eight generations. It is also important to emphasize that our forebears had not displaced an indigenous population because there was none. Further, I believe that the majority of Falkland Islanders would be content to co-exist as good neighbours with Argentina. Unfortunately there is no chance of that happening while they pursue their claim on our country
The evolution of more internal self-government in the islands has been dictated mainly by councillors’ developing willingness to accept more responsibility. The process is slow at present because at least three of eight elected councillors apparently see no need for change. There is a by-election for one seat shortly, it will be interesting to see if this changes the balance to allow us to accelerate the process. While I agree that a ministerial system is the answer, the question of choosing a Prime Minister would cause difficulty in our egalitarian society. I am only half joking when I say that willingness to be a candidate would immediately disqualify someone in the eyes of many!
The author’s ideas on how we may consolidate our position regarding self-determination and the status of the islands in the future give us much food for thought. I hope my colleagues are studying them very carefully.
The Falkland Islands Government already makes a substantial contribution to defence of the Islands in funding the Falkland Islands Defence Force which has an important role to play. Other items are funded including the building of family houses (usually 2 a year) to allow longer postings of accompanied British servicemen.
Some probably know of the ‘Battle Day Letter’ sent by a previous council (7 or 8 years ago) to the British Government in which the elected councillors of the day undertook to pay a much-increased contribution to defence in the event of oil being found in commercial quantities. This would be after essential spending on infrastructure. All subsequent councils have endorsed that undertaking. Of course in a ideal world we would not need to be defended against an acquisitive neighbour ...
# The Future of the Falkland Islands and Its People

THE FUTURE OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS AND ITS PEOPLE
Dr. Lyubomir Ivanov et al.
Sofia 2003
THE FUTURE OF THE FALKLAND ISLANDS AND ITS PEOPLE
ISBN: 954-91503-1-3
Authors: Lyubomir Ivanov et al. Design: Todor Vardjiev Photo: Romeo Cholakov
Printed in Bulgaria Double T Publishers edition October 2003
Foreword
by Mike Summers Legislative Councillor Falkland Islands Government
In this paper on the Future of the Falkland Islands and its People, Dr. Ivanov has produced a remarkable and interesting piece of work. He has accurately analysed and assessed the current state of political development in the Falkland Islands and the options open to us. There is little doubt that the Falkland Islands will continue to develop at a pace that suits the people, and it is very unlikely that the Falklands would choose, in the foreseeable future, any route other than some form of devolved integration with the United Kingdom.
It is interesting to see Dr. Ivanov’s comments on the possible position of the Falklands as a bridge between Europe, South America and the Antarctic. It was the late Dr. di Tella, one of the most intelligent and free thinking of Argentina’s foreign affairs leaders, who first said to me that he thought the Falklands had a real place in the South West Atlantic. The calming influence of a European power could have a positive effect in an area where Latin temperament predominates; he was half joking and deadly serious.
The contrasts and parallels drawn by Dr. Ivanov and the distinguished commentators on his paper amply demonstrate the importance of both internal and external self-determination, in developing as well as developed nations. It is an interesting interface where devolution and decolonisation meet.
But it is in particular the contributions on self-determination from a worldwide perspective, that enhance and broaden Dr. Ivanov’s paper into a very significant contribution to debate in this area. They are all to be commended.
Stanley, 7th August 2003
Contents
Preface
A Voyage To Livingston Island And The Falkland Islands by Nusha Ivanova
On the Map
The Future of the Falkland Islands and Its People
The Falklands Will Never Be Argentine by Carlos Escudé
The Falklands, An Historical Perspective by Ernest Spencer
Comment On Dr. Ivanov’s Paper: A Caribbean Perspective by Howard Fergus
Comment On Falklands Paper by Mr. L. Ivanov by Jan Cheek
The Future Of The Falkland Islands And Its People: Comments by John Ondawame
British Overseas Territories: New Relationships With The UK For The 21st Century by Mark Sandford
Self-Determination In The Falkland Islands by Mike Summers
Falkland Islands Constitutional Development Consistent With British Imperial History by Noel Cox
Comments On Lyubo Ivanov Falklands Proposal by Nora Femenia
St Helena: Political Development, Current Constitutional Review And The Human Relationship With The Falkland Islands by Government of St. Helena
Biographical Notes
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License. This page must provide all available authorship information.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Berkeley, Hon. Henry Spencer Hardtman

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​Berkeley, Hon. Henry Spencer Hardtman, third son of Thomas Berkeley Hardtman Berkeley, of St. Kitts, was born on Sept. 3rd, 1851, and called to the bar at the Inner Temple in June 1873. Having been admitted to the bar of the Leeward Islands in the following July, he filled various legal and official posts there until 1885, when he was appointed Attorney-General of Fiji, and in 1889 Chief Justice and Judicial Commissioner for the Western Pacific.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Bernays, Lewis Adolphus

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​Bernays, Lewis Adolphus, C.M.G., F.L.S., F.R.G.S., son of the late Dr. Bernays, Professor of the German Language and Literature at King's College, London, was born on May 3rd, 1831, and educated at King's College. He also studied in the laboratory of his brother, the well-known Professor A. E. Bernays, and subsequently emigrated to New Zealand, where he spent two years; and then proceeded to New South Wales, where he was an officer of Parliament from 1853 to 1859; when he proceeded to Queensland to become Clerk to the Legislative Assembly, a post which he has held ever since. Mr. Bernays, who has written several works on economic botany, was for sixteen years Vice-President of the Queensland Acclimatisation Society, of which he was the originator. He was created C.M.G. on May 25th, 1892.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Beor, Hon. Henry Rogers

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​Beor, Hon. Henry Rogers, M.L.A., was the son of Henry Beor, a solicitor at Swansea, in South Wales. He graduated at Oxford, and was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1870. In 1875 he went to Queensland, and was admitted to the bar there in the same year. Entering the Legislative Assembly as member for Bowen in 1877, he succeeded the late Mr. Justice Pring as Attorney-General in the first McIlwraith Ministry in June 1880. He in the same year was made Q.C. Shortly afterwards his health failed, and he shot himself on board the steamer Rotorua, whilst on the passage from Sydney to Auckland, in New Zealand. The fatal event, the outcome of nervous depression, took place on Dec. 5th, 1880, and he was buried at sea.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Berry, Hon. John

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​Berry, Hon. John, M.L.C., is the eldest son of the late John Berry, of Albury, New South Wales, who emigrated to that colony from Meath, Ireland, and was born on Oct. 11th, 1840. He married in Feb. 1883 Sara Eugenie, daughter of the late James Morey, of Sydney. Mr. Berry was first employed in the Survey Department of New South Wales in 1866, and in 1877 ​entered the same department under the Government of Fiji. Two years later he was appointed Acting Surveyor-General, and in 1882 Commissioner of Crown Lands and Works and Crown Surveyor. He has been a member of the Executive and Legislative Councils of Fiji since 1883.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Bennett, Samuel

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​Bennett, Samuel, was a native of Cornwall, and was born on March 20th, 1815. He went to Australia in 1841, having been engaged by Messrs. Stevens & Stokes, of the Sydney Morning Herald, to superintend the typographical department of that paper. Having held this post for seventeen years, Mr. Bennett, in 1859, purchased the Empire newspaper which had been started by Mr. (now Sir) Henry Parkes nine years previously. Messrs. Hanson & Bennett conducted the Empire for several years as a daily and weekly journal, Mr. Bennett becoming sole proprietor some time before it ceased publication. He also started in 1867 The Evening News, and in 1870 The Australian Town and Country Journal, a weekly newspaper, both of which achieved phenomenal success. Mr. Bennett was the author of "The History of Australian Discovery and Colonisation," which is recognised as a standard work of reference. He died at his residence, Mundarrah Towers, Little Coogee, Sydney, N.S.W., on June 2nd, 1878.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Bennett, William Christopher

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​Bennett, William Christopher, M.I.C.E., was employed as a pupil on various territorial and railway surveys and other works in Ireland from 1840 to 1845, and as assistant engineer in charge of drainage works, under the Board of Public Works in Ireland, from 1845 to 1852. During 1852-3 he was employed in ​reporting on the navigation of the Rhone and Saone, and making surveys and reports on the navigation of the Magdalena, with connecting canals, roads or railways, in New Grenada. Mr. Bennett was engaged on the International (French, American and English) Ship Canal Survey at Darien, in 1854, having charge of the English survey on the Pacific side in the absence of Mr. Forde, M.I.C.E., on which occasion Mr. Bennett received the thanks of the American Government for having, in conjunction with Lieut. Forsythe and a party from H.M.S. Virago, relieved Lieut. Strain, United States navy, and his missing exploring party, at no small personal risk. At the end of 1854 Mr. Bennett proceeded, viâ New Zealand, to New South Wales, and was for about ten months attached to the Survey Department as an assistant surveyor. In April 1856 he was appointed assistant engineer to the Commission for the Sewerage and Water Supply of Sydney; was engaged in the Railway Department, New South Wales, from Jan. to Sept. 1857, and was then transferred to the Department of Roads, which, as assistant engineer, and ultimately as engineer, he assisted Captain (afterwards Colonel) Martindale, C.B., R.E., in organising. Mr. Bennett left the colony for Europe in Jan. 1861, and on his return he was appointed, in Nov. 1862, commissioner and engineer-in-chief for roads, New South Wales, which office he occupied until a short time before his death, having been in addition occasionally employed on the western goldfields and narrow gauge railways, the water supply of Sydney, and the drainage of the Hunter River. Mr. Bennett died on Sept. 29th, 1889, at the age of sixty-five.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Bent, Hon. Thomas

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​Bent, Hon. Thomas, M.L.A., Speaker of Legislative Assembly, Victoria, was born at Penrith, near Sydney, where his father was a contractor, on Dec. 17th, 1838, and came to Melbourne with his family in 1849. Having joined his father in business as a market gardener at Brighton, Vict., he was elected to the Moorabbin Shire Council in 1862, and was President in 1868. In 1871 he first achieved general notoriety by opposing Mr. (now Chief Justice) Higinbotham for the Brighton seat in the Legislative Assembly. To the amazement of every one, he was successful, and has ever since represented that electorate. Though strongly opposed to the last McCulloch Government, Mr. Bent was not a supporter of the Berry party, being indeed a consistent Freetrader. At the first dissolution in 1880 the Conservatives, under Mr. Service, secured a majority; and Mr. Bent was included in the Cabinet formed by that gentleman in March 1880, with the portfolio of Public Works. The Reform Bill of the Ministry proved distasteful to the country on the appeal to the constituencies made in June 1880, and Mr. Bent retired with his colleagues in the following August. Mr. Bent was a highly potential member of the O'Loghlen Government as Minister of Railways from July 1881 to March 1883. In Oct. 1887, on the retirement of the late Mr. Lalor, Mr. Bent was a candidate for the Speakership of the Legislative Assembly, but was defeated by Sir M. H. Davies by one vote. On the meeting of the present parliament in May 1892 Mr. Bent was again a candidate, and was unanimously elected after the claims of Mr. J. G. Duffy and Sir H. J. Wrixon had been disposed of.
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Bennett, George

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​Bennett, George, M.D., F.R.C.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., was born at Plymouth on Jan. 31st, 1804. He visited Ceylon in 1819, and on his return studied for the medical profession, becoming M.R.C.S. (England) in 1828, F.R.C.S. (England) and M.D. of Glasgow University in 1859. After passing the college he took charge of a circumnavigating expedition, the results of which he published in papers contributed to the leading scientific journals. In 1832 he revisited New South Wales to investigate the manners, habits and anatomy of the Monotremata, and the natural history of the colony in general. After visiting Java, Singapore and China, he published his "Wanderings in New South Wales" in 1834, and finally settled in that colony in 1836. He was the first secretary to the Australian Museum, and, although much occupied with his extensive practice as a medical man, was able to add materially to the knowledge of the natural history of New South Wales. He was the first to discover the Nautilus in a living state, and sent a specimen to Professor Owen. In 1860 he published "Gatherings of a Naturalist."
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Berncastle, Julius

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​Berncastle, Julius, was educated at the university of Paris and Guy's Hospital, London, for the medical profession, and was Assistant Colonial Surgeon of Van Diemen's Land in 1841-2. Subsequently he practised at Croydon, in Surrey, and in London. In 1854 he set up as an oculist and aurist in Sydney, and practised there till 1867, when he removed to Melbourne, where he died on June 30th, 1870, aged fifty-one years. He was author of "A Voyage to China" (2 vols., 1850); "The Revolt of the Bengal Sepoys" (1857); "The Defenceless State of Sydney" (1865); "Australian Snakebites" and "The Use and Abuse of Tobacco" (1868).
# The Dictionary of Australasian Biography/Berry, David

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​Berry, David, a well-known New South Wales colonist, was born at Cupar, Fife, Scotland, and was educated at St. Andrews University. He arrived in New South Wales in July 1836, and proceeded to the estate of his elder brother, Dr. Alexander Berry, at Coolangatta, which he managed in conjunction with another brother, John, for eleven years, and after the letter's death carried on the concern alone until 1873, when Dr. Alexander Berry died and devised the whole of his property to his brother David, who followed the system of cultivating and fencing a large portion of his land whilst the remainder was leased out in farms of varying size on peculiar and unusually profitable terms. Mr. Berry died, at the age of ninety-seven, on Sept. 22nd, 1889, and by his will bequeathed £100,000 to his alma mater, St. Andrews University, and a like sum to found a hospital in the Shoalhaven district of New South Wales.
# The Glugs of Gosh/Publisher's catalogue

Just Published.
THE GLUGS OF GOSH. With frontispiece and title-page in colour, and 6 full-page and other illustrations by Hal Gye.
Ordinary Edition, 7½ x 6 inches, 4/-. Pocket Edition for the Trenches, 5¾ x 4½ inches, 4/-.
Blue Wren Edition, with 6 additional full-page plates in colour, handsomely bound, 7½ x 6 inches, 7/6.
DOREEN : A Christmas Story in Verse. With coloured and other illustrations by Hal Gye. In envelope ready for posting, 1/-.
THREE ELEPHANT POWER, and Other Stories. 7½ x 6 inches, 4/-.
SONGS OF A CAMPAIGN. Third edition, with 25 additional poems, and 16 pictures by Norman Lindsay, 7½ x 6 inches, 4/-.
THE SONGS OF A SENTIMENTAL BLOKE. With coloured and other illustrations by Hal Gye.
Ordinary Edition, 7½ x 6 inches, 4/-.
Pocket Edition for the Trenches, 5¾ x 4¼ inches, 4/-,
THE MOODS OF GINGER MICK. With coloured and other illustrations by Hal Gye.
Ordinary Edition, 7½ x 6 inches, 4/-.
Pocket Edition for the Trenches, 5¾ x 4½ inches, 4/-.
THE AUSTRALIAN, and Other Verses. With coloured frontispiece and title-page by Hal Gye, 7½ x 6 inches, 4/
POCKET EDITIONS FOR THE TRENCHES.
Size 5¾ x 4½ inches. Each volume with frontispiece and title-page in colour, price 4/-.
THE GLUGS OF GOSH. By C. J. Dennis. Illustrated by Hal Gye.
THE SONGS OF A SENTIMENTAL BLOKE. By C. J. Dennis. Illustrated by Hal Gye.
THE MOODS OF GINGER MICK. By C. J. Dennis. Illustrated by Hal Gye.
THE AUSTRALIAN, AND OTHER VERSES. By Will H. Ogilvie. Illustrated by Hal Gye.
SALTBUSH BILL, J. P., AND OTHER VERSES. By A. B. Paterson. Illustrated by Lionel Lindsay.
THE MAN FROM SNOWY RIVER. By A. B. Paterson. Illustrated by Norman Lindsay.
RIO GRANDE, AND OTHER VERSES. By A. B. Paterson. Illustrated by Hal Gye.
Sydney: ANGUS & ROBERTSON LTD.,
Publishers to the University.
October, 1917.
# The Gosport tragedy/A new touch on the times

Dated from period of activity of publisher and external evidence.
A New Touch on the Times.
COME all you bold Britons, I pray, and liſtena while to my ſong: Tis concerning the Pride and ambition that's now carry'd on in each town. For pride it's akin to the devil, yon very well know this is true, And if that the times they don't alter, what will old Scotland come to? Right fal de dal &c.
If they go to a ball of a play, is to learn ſome new faſhions and pride, And as ſoon as home they return, the ſame they will quickly provide. Miſs Katy ſhe ſays to her mamie, a new-faſhion'd gown I muſt have, Wi a ſtraw bonnet decked out with ribbons to make me gallant and brave. Right fal de dal, &c.
Three ladies were walking together, one evening, for to take the air They made such a comical figure, as cauſ'd many people to ſtare; For the one had a face like a monkey the other a head like a bull: And the third had a carroty knob, but never a cap on her ſkull Right fal de dal, &c.
O the next was a farmer's young daughter, her hair was as red as a fox ​She ſent for a barber to ſhave her, and cut off her carroty locks: So when that the barber had ſhav'd her, and put on her new-faſhion'd wig, She was ſuch a comical figure, ſhe frighten'd a ſow and nine pigs. Right fal de dal, &c.
Now, all young men of this town, I'd verily have you take care of thoſe girls that trip up and down with their wigs & their nice curled hair: With an umbrella in their hand, If it rains, for to cover their gown: You would take them for Ladies of fortune, altho they are gilts of the town. Right fal de dal, &c.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Gossamer

Over faded heath-flowers spun, or thorny furze, The filmy gossamer is lightly spread; Waving in every sighing air that stirs, As fairy fingers had entwined the thread: A thousand trembling orbs of lucid dew Spangle the texture of the fairy loom, As if soft sylphs, lamenting as they flew, Had wept departed summer's transient bloom: But the wind rises, and the turf receives The glittering web:--So, evanescent, fade Bright views that youth with sanguine heart believes: So vanish schemes of bliss, by fancy made; Which, fragile as the fleeting dews of morn, Leave but the withered heath, and barren thorn!
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Gosport tragedy

Dated from period of activity of publisher and external evidence.
EHE
GOSPORT TRAGEDY
To which is added,
New Touch on the
Times.
AND
The Bachelor's Pride.
Edinburgh: printed by J. Morren.
* The Gosport tragedy
* A new touch on the times
* The bachelor's pride
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Gosport tragedy/The bachelor's pride

Dated from period of activity of publisher and external evidence.
The Batchelor's Pride.
YO U young men and maidens that live in this town. Pray learn my new faſhion before it goes down, Then I tell you a ſtory mark what I ſay, Remember the falſe pads you wear every day.
The young men are alſo ſo frolickſome grown, They must have a falſe ſhow to give them renown With falſe curls at their ears if they can prevail, And the Barber muſt make them of a cows tall.
Miſs Betty cries fetch me the Barber I pray, for ſure I have ſeen a new faſhion this day Miss Polly ad Doily, and Sall in ſuit Muſt have their hair friz'd like the face of a bull.
​Miſs Nancy cries fetch me a halfpenny worth of wire. With a penny worth of pins to dreſs up my hair; She must have a falſe curl to make her look big, And her ears muſt be ring d like the noſe of a pig.
Behold the behavior of theſe female kind, With their large powdered heads and lappets behind, They will ſay they have got a ſad pain in their ſide, When the pox it has catched then and they cannot ſtride.
Then all the whole day in the houſe they will keep, At night when its dark out of doors they will creep, To get on odd ſhilling before they go in They will do it three times for a gill at gin.
There's froſty fac'd Bett with a cull by her ſide, With a long noſe and chin and a mouth that is wide, With her hair over her ears to keep up her pride, She's a nice hackney mare for the devil to ride.
Come all yon young men I would have you be wiſe, And ſee that you kiſs the young girls that's nice, For if with the ſtreet walkers you chance to prevalil, As ſure as you do it they will fire your tail.
FINIS.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The Government Clerks

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
Original French title: "Les Employés", sometimes translated as "Bureaucracy". First published 1837. Included as part of La Comédie humaine.
DEDICATION
To the Comtesse Seraphina San Severino, with the respectful homage of sincere and deep admiration
De Balzac
* Chapter I: THE RABOURDIN HOUSEHOLD
* Chapter II: MONSIEUR DES LUPEAULX
* Chapter III: THE TEREDOS NAVALIS, OTHERWISE CALLED SHIP-WORM
* Chapter IV: THREE-QUARTER LENGTH PORTRAITS OF CERTAIN GOVERNMENT OFFICIALS
* Chapter V: THE MACHINE IN MOTION
* Chapter VI: THE WORMS AT WORK
* Chapter VII: SCENES FROM DOMESTIC LIFE
* Chapter VIII: FORWARD, MOLLUSKS!
* Chapter IX: THE RESIGNATION
* Addendum
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse