OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Gregory Thaumaturgus/Dubious or Spurious Writings/A Sectional Confession of Faith/Elucidations

Elucidations.
(The minister…to the Gentiles, p. 43.)
If St. Peter had been at Rome, St. Paul would not have come there (2 Cor. x. 16). The two apostles had each his jurisdiction, and they kept to their own “line of things” respectively. How, then, came St. Peter to visit Rome? The answer is clear: unless he came involuntarily, as a prisoner, he came to look after the Church of the Circumcision, which was “in his measure;” and doubtless St. Paul urged him to this, the Hebrew Christians there being so large a proportion of the Church. St. Peter came “at the close of his life,” doubtless attended by an apostolic companion, as St. Paul was, and Barnabas also (Acts xv. 39, 40). Linus probably laboured for St. Paul (in prison) among the Gentile Romans, and Cletus for St. Peter among Jewish Christians. St. Peter survived all his martyred associates, and left Clement in charge of the whole Church. This most probable theory squares with all known facts, and reconciles all difficulties. Clement, then, was first bishop of Rome (a.d. 65); and so says Tertullian, vol. iii. p. 258, note 9.
That compendious but superficial little work, Smith’s History of the First Ten Centuries, justly censures as “misleading” the usage, which it yet keeps up, of calling the early bishops of Rome “Popes.” The same author utterly misunderstands Cyprian’s references to Rome as “a principal cathedra,” “a root and matrix,” etc.; importing into the indefinite Latin a definite article. Cyprian applies a similar principle, after his master Tertullian (vol. iii. p. 260, this series), to all the Apostolic Sees, the matrices of Christian churches.

## Footnotes

* ↑ Origin says so, expressly. See Cave, Lives, i. p. 230.
* ↑ 2 Tim. iv. 21.
* ↑ The Student’s Eccl. Hist., London, 1878.
* ↑ It accepts the statement that the earliest application of this term, by way of eminence, to the Bishop of Rome, is found in Evnodius of Pavia, circa a.d. 500. Robertson, vol. i. p. 560.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Gregory Thaumaturgus/Dubious or Spurious Writings/A Sectional Confession of Faith/Same Declaration, Accompanied by Glosses

A Fragment of the Same Declaration of Faith, Accompanied by Glosses.—From Gregory Thaumaturgus, as They Say, in His Sectional Confession of Faith.
To maintain two natures in the one Christ, makes a Tetrad of the Trinity, says he; for he expressed himself thus: “And it is the true God, the unincarnate, that was manifested in the flesh, perfect with the true and divine perfection, not with two natures; nor do we speak of worshipping four (persons), viz., God, and the Son of God, and man, and the Holy Spirit.” First, however, this passage is misapprehended, and is of very doubtful import. Nevertheless it bears that we should not speak of two persons in Christ, lest, by thus acknowledging Him as God, and as in the perfect divinity, and yet speaking of two persons, we should make a Tetrad of the divine persons, counting that of God the Father as one, and that of the Son of God as one, and that of the man as one, and that of the Holy Spirit as one. But, again, it bears also against recognising two divine natures, and rather for acknowledging Him to be perfect God in one natural divine perfection, and not in two; for his object is to show that He became incarnate without change, and that He retains the divinity without duplication. Accordingly he says shortly: “And while the affections of the flesh spring, the energy retains the impassibility proper to it. He, therefore, who introduces the (idea of) passion into the energy is impious; for it was the Lord of glory that appeared in human form, having taken to Himself the human economy.”

## Footnotes

* ↑ From the book against the Monophysites by Leontius of Jerusalem, in Mai, Script. Vet., vol. vii. p. 147.
* ↑ φύσεις.
* ↑ φύσεις.
* ↑ ἀδιπλασιάστως.
* ↑ δύναμις.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/falzen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry falzen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ falzen, verb, ‘to fold, groove, rabbet,’ from Middle High German velzen, valzen, Old High German falzen, ‘to fold’; Falz, masculine, from Middle High German valz, masculine, ‘fold, joint’; akin to Old High German anafalz, ‘anvil,’ Anglo-Saxon anfilt, English anvil, Dutch anbeeld, ‘anvil’ (see Amboß). The cognates are undoubtedly connected with falten; Middle High German valz may have been *falti in Gothic, which would probably represent falt-ti, pltni- (compare schnitzen from schneiden). — Falz, see Balz.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/fangen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry fangen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ fangen, fahen, verb, ‘to catch, seize, fish (an anchor), soften (hides),’ from Middle High German vâhen, vân, Old High German fâhan, ‘to catch, intercept, seize’; the common Teutonic verb — Gothic fâhan, Old Icelandic fá, Anglo-Saxon fôn (for *fôhan from *fõhan; wanting in English) — has the same meaning. Root fanh (whence fãh, fâh), and by a grammatical change fang (this form is really found only in the participle and preterite, but it has made its way in Modern High German into the present also), pre-Teutonic pank. With the Teutonic cognates some have compared the unnasalised root pak, in Latin pax, pacem (literally ‘strengthening’?); akin to the nasalised pango (participle pactum), with g for c?, Sanscrit pãça, ‘cord’; the root pak appears without a nasal in Teutonic fôg; see High German fügen. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/fast

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry fast. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ fast, adverb, ‘almost, nearly,’ from Middle High German vaste, vast, adverb (from vęste, ‘firm’), ‘firmly, strongly, powerfully, very, very quickly,’ Old High German vasto, adverb, from fęsti; similar unmutated adverbs from mutated adjectives are schon from schön, spat from spät. Modern High German has also turned fest into an adverb, the older adverb fast having been specialised in meaning; even in Middle High German vęste is an adverb.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/faul

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry faul. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ faul, adjective, ‘rotten, worthless, lazy,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Middle Low German vûl, Old High German fûl; compare Dutch vuil, Anglo-Saxon fûl, English foul, Old Icelandic fúll, Gothic fûls, ‘decayed’; la- is derivative; fû- as the Teutonic root is deduced from Old Icelandic fúenn, ‘putrefied,’ which as a participle points to an obsolete verb (Gothic *fauan, formed like bauan), of which Old Icelandic feyja, ‘to allow to putrefy,’ is the factitive (Gothic *faujan). From fū̆ several Teutonic dialects have formed nouns with the meaning ‘cunnus’ (Old Icelandic fuþ); see Hundsfott. The root fū̆, from Aryan pū̆, is equally represented in the allied languages; Greek πύον, ‘matter,’ and the equivalent Latin pûs, neuter; Sanscrit and Zend root pû (pûy), ‘to stink, putrefy,’ Lithuanian pûvù, půti, ‘to putrefy’ (akin to Lithuanian púlei, ‘matter,’ with a derivative l as in faul); also Greek πύθω, ‘to cause to rot,’ Latin pûteo, ‘to stink,’ pŭter, ‘putrid, rotten.’ The primary meaning of the root pŭ is ‘to emit a smell of putrefaction.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/fasten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry fasten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ fasten, verb, ‘to fast,’ from the equivalent Middle High German vasten, Old High German fastên; compare Gothic fastan, Old Icelandic fasta, Anglo-Saxon fœstan, English to fast, Dutch vasten; a common Teutonic verb, invariably used in the sense of ‘to fast,’ which, therefore, was probably a religions conception even of the heathen Teutons. The corresponding abstract is Gothic fastubni, Anglo-Saxon fœsten, Old Saxon fastunnia, Old High German fasta, fasto, masculine, Middle High German vaste, feminine, vasten, neuter, ‘fast,’ whence Slavonic postŭ, ‘fast, was borrowed at an early period. The cognates are probably connected with fest in the sense of ‘to contain oneself, exercise restraint in eating and drinking,’ or ‘to obey a religious precept’; compare Gothic fastan, ‘to adhere to, hold, observe.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/faulenzen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry faulenzen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ faulenzen, verb ‘to be lazy,’ from late Middle High German vûletzen, ‘to be rotten,’ an intensive derivative of faul; compare blißen, seufzen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/faseln

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry faseln. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ faseln, verb, ‘to talk irrationally,’ only in Modern High German, a derivative of Old High German fasôn, ‘to track, seek here and there’; but the latter word is probably not from the root fas in Faser.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/falten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry falten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ falten, verb. ‘to fold, plait, knit (the brow),’ from the equivalent Middle High German valten, Old High German faltan, faldan; corresponds to Goth falþan, Old Icelandic falda, Anglo-Saxon fealdan, English to fold; the Teutonic root is falþ, ‘to fold,’ pre-Teutonic plt, with which compare Old Slovenian pletą. plesti, ‘to twist,’ Greek διπλάσιος, ‘twofold’ (see under -falt), Sanscrit puṭa, ‘fold,’ for plta.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/farzen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry farzen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ farzen, verb, ‘to fart,’ from the equivalent Middle High German varzen (also vurzen, vërzen), allied to Old High German fërzan, ‘to fart’; corresponds to Anglo-Saxon feortan, English to fart; Old Icelandic (with transposition of the r), freta. Teutonic root fert, from the Aryan perd, with the same meaning; compare Sanscrit root pard, Greek πέρδειν, Lithuanian pérdżu, pérsti, Russian perdětĭ.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/fassen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry fassen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ fassen, verb, ‘to hold, grasp, comprehend,’ (reflexive) ‘to make up one's mind,’ from Middle High German vaȥȥen, Old High German faȥȥôn, ‘to handle, seize, load, pack, arm oneself, dress, go’; it seems to be a combination of two or more really different roots. Compare Old Icelandic fǫt, neuter plural, ‘garments’ (Gothic *fata, ‘garments,’ may be deduced from Spanish hato, Portuguese fato, ‘stock of clothes, wardrobe’); the West Teutonic fat (see Faß), has not this meaning, but Middle High German (Old High German) vaȥȥen, ‘to dress oneself, points that way. In the sense ‘to seize,’ the word may be connected with Faß, literally ‘engulphing,’ from which the meaning ‘to load’ would be evolved. In the sense of ‘to go’ (sich vaȥȥen, Middle High German) it must probably be connected with Fuß, or more closely with Anglo-Saxon fœt, ‘step.’ See Fetzen, Fitze.
# Arkansas v. Mississippi (250 U.S. 39)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
250 U.S. 39
Arkansas v. Mississippi
Argued: March 3 and 4, 1919. --- Decided: May 19, 1919
Messrs. Herbert Pope, of Chicago, Ill., Walter P. Armstrong, of Sardis, Miss., and J. M. Moore, of Little Rock, Ark., for complainant.
Messrs. Garner W. Green, of Jackson, Miss., and Gerald Fitz Gerald, of Clarksdale, Miss., for defendant.
Mr. Justice DAY delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Arkansas v. Mississippi (256 U.S. 28)

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
256 U.S. 28
Arkansas v. Mississippi (256 U.S. 28)
Messrs. Walter P. Armstrong, of Memphis, Tenn., J. M. Moore, of Little Rock, Ark., and Herbert Pope, of Chicago, Ill., for State of Arkansas.
Messrs. Garner W. Green, of Jackson, Miss., Gerald Fitz Gerald, of Clarksdale, Miss., and Ross A. Collins, of Meridian, Miss., for State of Mississippi.
PER CURIAM.

## Notes

* ↑ Announced by Mr. Justice Day.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Arkansas v. Mississippi

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* Arkansas v. Mississippi (250 U.S. 39)
* Arkansas v. Mississippi (252 U.S. 344)
* Arkansas v. Mississippi (256 U.S. 28)
# Arkansas v. Mississippi (252 U.S. 344)/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
252 U.S. 344
Arkansas v. Mississippi
Argued: March 8, 1920. --- Decided: March 22, 1920
8. It is further ordered that said Commissioners do proceed with all convenient dispatch to discharge their duties conformably to this decree, and they are authorized, if they deem it necessary, to request the cooperation and assistance of the State authorities of Arkansas and Mississippi, or either of those States, in the performance of the duties hereby imposed.
9. It is further ordered that the Clerk of this Court shall forward at once to the Governor of each of said States of Arkansas and Mississippi and to each of the Commissioners hereby appointed a copy of this decree and of the opinion of this Court delivered herein May 19, 1919, duly authenticated.
10. Said Commissioners shall make a report of their proceedings under this decree as soon as practicable on or before the first day of October, 1920, and shall return with their report an itemized statement of services performed and expenses incurred by them in the performance of their duties.
11. All other matters are reserved until the coming in of said report, or until such time as matters pertaining to this cause shall be properly presented to this Court for its consideration.
Per Mr. Chief Justice WHITE.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Suppe

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Suppe | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Suppe, f., ‘soup, broth’; late MidHG. suppe (soppe), f., ‘broth, sauce, soup’; properly a MG. and LG. word, the pp of which would be represented by pf in genuine HG. Allied to the root sū̆p, ‘to drink’; comp. MidHG. supfen, ‘to sip, drink’ (Du. soppen, E. to sop) and saufen. Comp. Du. sop and soep. The LG. word passed into Romance; comp. Ital. zuppa, ‘wine soup,’ Span. sopa, Fr. soupe, whence the equiv. E. soup (OFr. souppe, ‘sop’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Söller

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Söller | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Söller, n., ‘upper room, garret, balcony,’ from MidHG. sölre (solre), m., ‘flat roof, floor in the first storey,’ OHG. soleri for solări, orig. sŏlâri, from Lat. sôlârium, ‘flat house-top, terrace, balcony,’ whence also OSax. soleri, Du. zolder, E. sollar, ‘open gallery or balcony, loft, garret’ (AS. solor). Corresponding to OFr. solier, ‘granary,’ Ital. solajo, solare, ‘ceiling.’ The word was borrowed prior to the OHG. period, contemporaneously with Speicher, Keller, Mauer, and Ziegel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Säge

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Säge | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Säge, f., ‘saw,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sëge, sage, OHG. sëga, saga, f.; comp. Du. zaag, AS. sage, f., and sagu, f., E. saw; OIc. sǫg, f. (Goth. *saga, f., is wanting). A derivative of an Aryan root sek, sok, whence also Lat. secâre, ‘to cut,’ securis, ‘hatchet’; see further under Sichel. The ä of ModHG. Säge is based, as is indicated by the modern Alem. dials., on ë; hence there is the same gradation in OHG. sëga and saga as in OHG. rëhho and AS. racu (see Rechen), or in HG. Nacken and E. neck. With the Aryan root sek, sok, are also connected in Teut., OHG. sahs, ‘sword’ (see Messer), E. scythe, and AS. sîðe, from sigþe; comp. OIc. sigðr, m., ‘sickle,’ OHG. sëh, MidHG. sëch, ‘ploughshare,’ and the cognates of Sense.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sämischleder

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sämischleder | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sämischleder, n., ModHG. only, corresponding to the equiv. E. chamois leather (also shammy), Fr. peaux chamoisees; of obscure origin, perhaps from Russ. zamša, ‘wash-leather.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Säule

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Säule | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Säule (1.) (Bav. Saul), f., ‘pillar,’ from the equiv. MidHG. sûl (plur. siule), OHG. sûl (plur. sûli), f.; comp. Du. zuil, AS. sŷl; OIc. súla, ‘pillar’; also, with gradation, Goth. sauls, f., ‘pillar.’ Perhaps Schwelle is primit. allied.
Säule (2.), f., ‘awl,’ from MidHG. siule, OHG. siula, f., ‘awl, punch’ (Goth. *siwila, f.); connected with the Aryan root sī̆w, “the primit. word for leather-work” (see Ahle). Comp. Goth. sinjan, OHG. siuwan, AS. seówian, E. to sew; also Lat. suo, ‘I sew,’ sutor, ‘cobbler,’ Gr. κασ-σύω, ‘to patch, stitch,’ Sans. root sîw, ‘to sew,’ OSlov. ši-ti, ‘to sew.’ In a sense corresponding to that of MidHG. siule we find Lat. subula and OSlov. šilo, which are formed from the same root. Comp. the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Säumer

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Säumer | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Säumer, ‘beast of burden, driver of sumpter-beasts,’ from MidHG. soumœre, OHG. soumâri, ‘beast of burden,’ AS. seámere; formed from MidLat. sagmarius. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Säbel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Säbel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Säbel, m., ‘sabre,’ from the equiv. late MidHG. and early ModHG. Sabel and Sebel, m., which, like the equiv. Fr. and E. sabre and Ital. sciabla, seems to be derived from the East; the ultimate source is still uncertain. The Slav. words, such as Russ. sablja, Pol. szabla, Serv. sablja, us well as Hun. száblya, appear to have been borrowed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sund

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sund | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sund, m., ‘sound, strait,’ early ModHG. only, a MidG. and LG. word; comp. AS. sund, E. sound, OIc. sund, ‘sea, strait.’ The connection with Goth. sundrô, ‘separated’ (see sonders), is open to objection on account of the meaning (Sund, lit. ‘division between countries and islands’?). It is preferable to link it with AS. and OIc. sund, n., ‘swimming,’ which is an abstract of schwimmen (sunda- for swm-tó-, allied to the root swem); by this assumption Sund is regarded as ‘the place where one can swim.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Sutter

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Sutter | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Sutter, m., ‘sea-adder,’ early ModHG. only, from late MidHG. sutteren, ‘to boil over’; allied, like MidHG. Sudel, to sieden.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Säbenbaum

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Säbenbaum | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Säbenbaum, see Sebenbaum.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Julius Africanus/Extant Fragments of the Chronography/Part 9

IX.
Of Abraham and Lot.
When a famine pressed the land of Canaan, Abraham came down to Egypt; and fearing lest he should be put out of the way on account of the beauty of his wife, he pretended that he was her brother. But Pharaoh took her to himself when she was commended to him; for this is the name the Egyptians give their kings. And he was punished by God; and Abraham, along with all pertaining to him, was dismissed enriched. In Canaan, Abraham’s shepherds and Lot’s contended with each other; and with mutual consent they separated, Lot choosing to dwell in Sodom on account of the fertility and beauty of the land, which had five cities, Sodom, Gomorrah, Adama, Seboim, Segor, and as many kings. On these their neighbours the four Syrian kings made war, whose leader was Chodollogomor king of Ælam. And they met by the Salt Sea, which is now called the Dead Sea. In it I have seen very many wonderful things. For that water sustains no living thing, and dead bodies are carried beneath its depths, while the living do not readily even dip under it. Lighted torches are borne upon it, but when extinguished they sink. And there are the springs of bitumen; and it yields alum and salt a little different from the common kinds, for they are pungent and transparent. And wherever fruit is found about it, it is found full of a thick, foul smoke. And the water acts as a cure to those who use it, and it is drained in a manner contrary to any other water. And if it had not the river Jordan feeding it like a shell, and to a great extent withstanding its tendency, it would have failed more rapidly than appears. There is also by it a great quantity of the balsam plant; but it is supposed to have been destroyed by God on account of the impiety of the neighbouring people.

## Footnotes

* ↑ In Georgius Syncellus, Chron., p. 100, al. 80.
* ↑ λήγει τε παντὶ ὕδατι πάσχων τὰἐνάντια.
* ↑ ὡς πορφύραν.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Julius Africanus/The Epistle to Aristides
## Contents

* Chapter I
* Chapter II
* Chapter III
* Chapter IV
* Chapter V
* Chapter VI