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# A Compendium of Irish Biography/Wyse, Sir Thomas

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​Wyse, Sir Thomas, K.C.B., author, politician, and diplomatist, was born in December 1791, at the manor of St. John, County of Waterford. He was the son of a country gentleman, and belonged to a family that traced their descent from one of the Anglo-Norman conquerors of Ireland, He was educated at Stonyhurst, and graduated with honours at Trinity College, Dublin. He entered at Lincoln's Inn, but was not called to the Bar. In 1821 he married Letitia, daughter of Lucien Bonaparte, Prince of Canino, by whom he had two sons, who survived him. The marriage was not a happy one, and the parties separated in 1828. Mr. Wyse represented the County of Tipperary in Parliament from 1830 to 1832, and the City of Waterford from 1835 to 1847. He held office under Lord Melbourne from 1839 to 1841, and was one of the Secretaries of the Board of Control from 1846 to 1849, in which year he was appointed British Minister at Athens. He held this post during the remainder of his life; much responsibility devolving upon him during the Crimean War. In 1857 he was created a K.C.B. Besides translations and contributions to magazines, Sir Thomas Wyse was the author of several works, mostly sketches of travel in Europe and the East. In 1829 he published in London, in two volumes, a valuable Historical Sketch of the Late Catholic Association of Ireland, giving an account of the agitation for Catholic Emancipation from its inception to the success of the movement in that year. Few men had a more intimate knowledge of modern Greece and its people than Sir Thomas Wyse. He died at Athens, 15th April 1862, aged 70, writing despatches up to the last week of a long and painful illness. His remains were accorded a public funeral by the King of Greece. His niece, Winifrede M. Wyse, edited from his manuscripts, An Excursion in the Peloponnesus in 1858, with illustrations, in 2 vols., 1865; and Impressions of Greece, 1871.
* ↑ Annual Register. London, 1756–1877.
* ↑ Authors, Dictionary of British and American: S. Austin Allibone. 3 vols. Philadelphia, 1869–'71.
* ↑ Burke, Sir Bernard: Landed Gentry. 2 vols. London, 1871.
# A Compendium of Irish Biography/Yelverton, Barry, Viscount Avonmore

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​Yelverton, Barry, Viscount Avonmore, a distinguished lawyer, was born at Newmarket, County of Cork, 28th May 1736. He studied at Trinity College, where he took his degree of B.A. in 1757; LL.B., 1761; and LL.D., 1774. A contemporary writer says: "He was called to the Bar in 1764; but many years passed away before he was at all distinguished, so as to attract the notice of the public; but he at length found his way into Parliament, where he joined the patriots of the day in procuring an enlargement of commercial privileges, and the establishment of legislative independence. Mr. Yelverton soon afterwards embraced the opposite side, and lent his aid to the Court, by resisting reform in the representation; … hence his professional advancement." He was made Attorney-General in 1782, Baron of the Exchequer in 1784, and was raised to the peerage as Baron Avonmore in 1795. He supported the Union Bill in the House of Lords in more than one masterly speech, and was created Viscount Avonmore in 1800. Lord Cornwallis's promise; of this advance in the peerage in return for his vote was one of those to which the Duke of Portland most strongly objected. Lord Avonmore died 19th August 1805, aged 69. Barrington says: "A vigorous, commanding, undaunted eloquence burst from his lips—not a word was lost. … In the common transactions of the world he was an infant; in the varieties of right and wrong, of propriety and error, a frail mortal; in the senate and at the Bar a mighty giant. It was on the bench that, unconscious of his errors, and in his home, unconscious of his virtues, both were most conspicuous. … A patriot by nature, yet susceptible of seduction—a partisan by temper, yet capable of instability—the commencement and the conclusion of his political career were as distinct as the poles, and as dissimilar as the elements. ​… As a judge he had certainly some of those marked imperfections too frequently observable in judicial officers. … A scholar, a poet, a statesman, a lawyer—in elevated society he was a brilliant wit, at lower tables, a vulgar humorist. … He was a friend, ardent, but indiscriminate even to blindness. … On the question of the Union, the radiance of his public character was obscured for ever—the laurels of his early achievements fell withered from his brow; and after having with zeal and sincerity laboured to attain independence for his country in 1782, he became one of its salesmasters in 1800. … In the midst of his greatest errors and most reprehensible moments, it was difficult not to respect, and impossible not to regard him."
* ↑ Barrington, Sir Jonah. Historic Memoirs of Ireland. 2 vols. London, 1835.
* ↑ Authors, Dictionary of British and American: S. Austin Allibone. 3 vols. Philadelphia, 1869–'71.
* ↑ Burke, Sir Bernard: Peerage and Baronetage.
* ↑ Cornwallis, Marquis, Correspondence: Charles Ross. 3 vols. London, 1859.
# A Compendium of Irish Biography/Wood, Robert

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​Wood, Robert, known as "Palmyra Wood," a distinguished archaeologist, was born at Riverstown, County of Meath, in 1716. Having passed through Oxford, he continued to apply himself with ardour to the study of the classics, and in particular to Greek literature. He visited Italy more than once, in 1742 voyaged in the Greek Archipelago, and in 1750, with his friends Bouverie and Dawkins, undertook an archaeological expedition across Asia Minor and Syria, which the Italian architect Borra accompanied as draughtsman. Before reaching Palmyra, Bouverie died of fatigue, but Wood and his two remaining companions continued their researches with success. Shortly after his return he gave to the world the results of his travels, Ruins of Palmyra, illustrated with 57 plates, 1753; and the Ruins of Baalbec, with 46 plates, in 1757; his ​Ancient and Present Slate of the Troad appeared in 1768. Lord Chatham gave him the post of Under-Secretary of State, which he held during three administrations. He died at his seat at Putney, near London, 9th September 1771, aged 55. His Essay on Homer, published after his death, has been translated into most of the European languages. "Wood's works are profusely and splendidly illustrated, and are marked by great accuracy. Horace Walpole speaks of his "classic pen;" and Gibbon bears ample testimony to the value of his researches.
* ↑ Authors, Dictionary of British and American: S. Austin Allibone. 3 vols. Philadelphia, 1869–'71.
* ↑ Biographie Générale. 46 vols. Paris, 1855–'66. An interleaved copy, copiously noted by the late Dr. Thomas Fisher, Assistant Librarian of Trinity College, Dublin.
# A Compendium of Irish Biography/Wingfield, Sir Richard, 1st Viscount Powerscourt

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​Wingfield, Sir Richard, 1st Viscount Powerscourt, descended from an old Suffolk family, came to Ireland as a military adventurer, in the latter part of the 16th century. He afterwards fought in Flanders, France, and Portugal, and became a lieutenant-colonel. Returning to Ireland, he distinguished himself and was wounded in an expedition against Tyrone, and was knighted in Christ Church Cathedral, 9th November 1595. He served as a colonel in the expedition against Calais, and in 1600 was advanced to the office of Marshal of Ireland, with a retinue of fifty horse and a company of foot. In 1601 he led a force at the reduction of Kinsale, and was one of those who signed the articles of capitulation made between the Lord-Deputy and Don Juan D'Aguila, commander of the Spanish troops made prisoners on that occasion. In May 1608 he marched into Ulster against Sir Cahir O'Doherty, who had burnt Derry, killing him and dispersing his followers. For this success Sir Richard was (29th June 1609) rewarded by a grant of the Powerscourt estate in the County of Wicklow, In 1618 he was created Viscount Powerscourt, and he subsequently enjoyed several important offices under the Crown. Dying without issue, 9th September 1634, the title became extinct, and the estates passed to a cousin. The title was revived in 1665 in the person of Talbot Folliot, who died without issue in 1717; and again in 1743 in the person of Richard Wingfield. The present Viscount is the seventh of this last creation.
* ↑ Burke, Sir Bernard: Peerage and Baronetage.
* ↑ Lodge's Peerage of Ireland, Revised and Enlarged by Mervyn Archdall. 7 vols. Dublin, 1789.
# A Compendium of Irish Biography/Wolfe, Arthur, Viscount Kilwarden

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​Wolfe, Arthur, Viscount Kilwarden, son of John Wolfe of Forenaghts, County of Kildare, was born in 1793. He was educated at Trinity College, and soon rose to eminence at the Bar. He was appointed Solicitor-General in 1787; Attorney-General in 1789; and became Chief- Justice of the King's Bench in 1798. For his support of the Union he was raised to the peerage in 1800. He was by no means a great lawyer, but was of a noble and humane disposition. He refused to strain the law against those tried before him for taking part in the Insurrection of 1798, and displayed great spirit on the occasion of Wolfe Tone's trial by court-martial. When Emmet's emeute took place, on the evening of the 23rd July 1803, he was at his country residence, four miles from Dublin, Hurrying to town with his daughter and nephew to attend a privy council at the Castle, his carriage was stopped in Thomas-street by a crowd of insurgents, who demanded his name. He said: "It is I, Kilwarden, Chief-Justice of the King's Bench," whereupon a wretch, whose brother he had sentenced to death some years previously, rushed forward, and plunged his pike into his body, crying, "You are the man I want." Lord Kilwarden's nephew was killed immediately, while his daughter found her way to the Castle and entered the Chief-Secretary's office in a state of distraction. The military at once cleared the street, and the Chief-Justice was found dying on the sidewalk. Wine was brought, but he could not drink it. He was carried to the watchhouse in Vicar-street, where he lingered about an hour. Major Swan and the other officers present swore they would erect a gallows whereon to hang all the prisoners next morning, when Lord Kilwarden feebly asked: "What are you going to do. Swan?"—"Hang these rebels, my Lord." Whereupon the Chief-Justice rejoined: "Murder must be punished; but let no man suffer for my death, but on a fair trial, and by the laws of his country." Barrington speaks of him as a "good-hearted man, and a sound lawyer. … In feeling he was quick, in apprehension slow, … He had not an error to counterbalance which some merit did not exhibit itself,"
* ↑ Barrington, Sir Jonah, Personal Sketches of his own Time: Townsend Young, LL.D. 2 vols. London, 1869.
* ↑ Irishmen, Lives of Illustrious and Distinguished, Rev. James Wills, D.D. 6 vols. or 12 parts. Dublin, 1840–'7.
* ↑ Unite Irishmen, their Lives and Times: Robert R. Madden, M.D. 4 vols. London, 1858–'60.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Giraldus Cambrensis

​Giraldus Cambrensis (literary name of Gerald de Barri) (1146?-1220?).—Geographer and historian, was b. of a Norman family settled in Wales, which intermarried with the Royal family of that country. He was an eminent scholar and Churchman, whose object of ambition was the Bishopric of St. David's, to which he was twice elected by the chapter, but from which he was kept out by the opposition of the King. When travelling in Ireland with Prince John (1185) he wrote Topographia Hibernica, a valuable descriptive account of the country, and in 1188 he wrote Itinerarium Cambria, a similar work on Wales. He left several other works, including an autobiography, De Rebus a se Gestis (concerning his own doings).
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Gillies, John

​Gillies, John (1747-1836). Historian, b. at Brechin and ed. there and at Glasgow, wrote a History of Greece (1786) from a strongly anti-democratic standpoint, a History of the World from Alexander to Augustus (1807), and a View of the Reign of Frederick II. of Prussia. He also made various translations from the Greek. He succeeded Principal Robertson as Historiographer Royal for Scotland.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Gladstone, William Ewart

​Gladstone, William Ewart (1809-1898).—Statesman, scholar, and man of letters, fourth s. of Sir John G., a merchant in Liverpool, was of Scottish ancestry. He was ed. at Eton and Christ Church, Oxf. From his youth he was deeply interested in religious and ecclesiastical questions, and at one time thought of entering the Church. In 1832 he entered Parliament as a Tory, and from the first gave evidence of the splendid talents for debate and statesmanship, especially in the department of finance, which raised him to the position of power and influence which he afterwards attained. After holding the offices of Pres. of the Board of Trade, Colonial Sec., and Chancellor of the Exchequer, he attained the position of Prime Minister, which he held four times 1868-74, 1880-85, 1885-86, and 1892-93. His political career was one of intense energy and activity in every department of government, especially after he became Prime Minister, and while it gained him the enthusiastic ​applause and devotion of a large portion of the nation, it exposed him to a correspondingly intense opposition on the part of another. The questions which involved him in the greatest conflicts of his life and evoked his chief efforts of intellect were the disestablishment of the Irish Church, the foreign policy of his great rival Disraeli, and Home Rule for Ireland, on the last of which the old Liberal party was finally broken up. In the midst of political labours which might have been sufficient to absorb even his tireless energy, he found time to follow out and write upon various subjects which possessed a life-long interest for him. His first book was The State in its Relations with the Church (1839), which formed the subject of one of Macaulay's essays. Studies on Homer and the Homeric Age 1858), Juventus Mundi (1869), and Homeric Synchronism (1876), The Impregnable Rock of Holy Scripture (1890), The Vatican Decrees and Vaticanism (1874-75), and Gleanings of Past Years (1897), 8 vols., were his other principal contributions to literature. G.'s scholarship, though sound and even brilliant, was of an old-fashioned kind, and his conclusions on Homeric questions have not received much support from contemporary scholars. In his controversies with Huxley and others his want of scientific knowledge and of sympathy with modern scientific tendencies placed him at a disadvantage. His character was a singularly complex one, and his intellect possessed a plasticity which made it possible to say of him that he never was anything, but was always becoming something. His life was a singularly noble and stainless one, and he must probably ever remain one of the great figures in the history of his country.
Life by J. Morley (3 vols.), others by J. M'Carthy, Reid, Sir Thomas Wemyss, and many others.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Glapthorne, Henry

​Glapthorne, Henry (fl. 1640).—Dramatist, had a high reputation among his contemporaries, though now almost forgotten. He wrote two comedies, three tragedies, and a book of poems, which were all reprinted in two vols. in 1874. His best work is Argalus and Parthenia (1639), based upon Sidney's Arcadia. Others were The Hollander, Wit is a Constable, and The Ladies' Privilege (all 1640).
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Glascock, William Nugent

​Glascock, William Nugent (1787-1847). Novelist. He saw a good deal of service in the navy with credit, and from this drew the inspiration of his vigorous and breezy sea-stories, which include Sailors and Saints (1829), Tales of a Tar (1836), and Land Sharks and Sea Gulls (1838).
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Gillespie, George

​Gillespie, George (1613-1648).—Scottish Theologian, was b. at Kirkcaldy, and studied at St. Andrews. He became one of ​the ministers of Edin., and was a member of the Westminster Assembly, in which he took a prominent part. A man of notable intellectual power, he exercised an influence remarkable in view of the fact that he d. in his 36th year. He was one of the most formidable controversialists of a highly controversial age. His best known work is Aaron's Rod Blossoming, a defence of the ecclesiastical claims of the high Presbyterian party.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Gleig, George Robert

​Gleig, George Robert (1796-1888).—S. of George G., Bishop of Brechin, entered the army, and served in the Peninsula and America. In 1820 he took orders, and after serving various cures bec., in 1834, Chaplain of Chelsea Hospital, and in 1844 Chaplain-General of the Forces, which office he held until 1875. He was a frequent contributor to reviews and magazines, especially Blackwood's, in which his best known novel, The Subaltern, appeared, and he was also the author of Lives of Warren Hastings, Clive, and Wellington, Military Commanders, Chelsea Pensioners, and other works.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Gissing, George

​Gissing, George (1857-1903).—Novelist, b. at Wakefield. In his novels he depicted the environment and struggles of the lower and lower middle classes with a somewhat pessimistic and depressing realism, although his last work, The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft, seemed to usher in the dawn of a somewhat brighter outlook. His other novels include Demos (1886), Thyrza (1887), The Nether World (1889), New Grub Street (1891), Born in Exile (1892), In the Year of Jubilee (1894), and The Town Traveller (1898). He d. at St. Jean de Luz in the Pyrenees.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Glanvill, Joseph

​Glanvill, Joseph (1636-1680).—Controversialist and moral writer, b. at Plymouth, and ed. at Oxf., took orders, and held various benefices, including the Rectory of Bath Abbey and a prebend at Worcester. He came under the influence of the Camb. Platonists, especially of Henry More (q.v.). His contendings were chiefly with the English Nonconformists, against whom (with the exception of Baxter whom he held in great esteem) he exhibited great bitterness. His chief work is the Vanity of Dogmatizing (1661) which contains the story of "The Scholar Gipsy," in later days turned to such fine account by Matthew Arnold. G. wrote a fine literary style, at its best recalling that of Sir Thomas Browne.
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# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Gilfillan, Robert

​Gilfillan, Robert (1798-1850).—Poet, b. at Dunfermine, was latterly Collector of Police Rates in Leith. He wrote a number of Scottish songs, and was favourably mentioned in Noctes Ambrosianæ (see Wilson, J.). He was the author of the beautiful song, Oh, why left I my Hame?
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# A Review of the Proclamation of President Jackson

A critique of Andrew Jackson's Proclamation against Nullification. Tazewell sides with the advocates of states' rights in the Nullification Crisis of the early 1830s.
A
REVIEW OF THE PROCLAMATION
OF
President Jackson
OF THE
10th OF DECEMBER, 1832,
IN A
SERIES OF NUMBERS ORIGINALLY PUBLISHED IN THE "NORFOLK AND PORTSMOUTH HERALD,"
UNDER THE SIGNATURE OF "A VIRGINIAN."
HON. LITTLETON WALLER TAZEWELL.
NORFOLK:
J. D. GHISELIN
1888.
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
# A Trip to Venus

"The heaven that rolls around cries aloud to you while it displays  its eternal harmony, and yet your eyes are fixed upon the earth  alone."    DANTE.
 "This truth within thy mind rehearse,  That in a boundless universe  Is boundless better, boundless worse.    "Think you this mould of hopes and fears  Could find no statelier than his peers  In yonder hundred million spheres?"    TENNYSON.
* Chapter I. A Message From Mars.
* Chapter II. How Can We Get To The Other Planets?
* Chapter III. A New Force.
* Chapter IV. The Electric Orrery.
* Chapter V. Leaving The Earth.
* Chapter VI. In Space.
* Chapter VII. Arriving In Venus.
* Chapter VIII. The Crater Land.
* Chapter IX. The Flower Of The Soul.
* Chapter X. Alumion.
* Chapter XI. The Flying Ape.
* Chapter XII. Sunward Ho!
* Chapter XIII. Home Again.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1930, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 93 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Triolet (Paterson)

Of all the sickly forms of verse, Commend me to the triolet. It makes bad writers somewhat worse: Of all the sickly forms of verse, That fall beneath a reader's curse, It is the feeblest jingle yet. Of all the sickly forms of verse, Commend me to the triolet.
This work is in the public domain in Australia because it was created in Australia and the term of copyright has expired. According to Australian Copyright Council - Duration of Copyright, the following works are public domain:
* published non-government works whose author died before January 1, 1955,
* anonymous or pseudonymous works and photographs published before January 1, 1955, and
* government works published more than 50 years ago (before January 1, 1974).
This work is also in the public domain in the United States because it was first published outside the United States (and not published in the U.S. within 30 days), and it was first published before 1989 without complying with U.S. copyright formalities (renewal and/or copyright notice) and it was in the public domain in Australia on the URAA date (January 1, 1996). This is the combined effect of Australia having joined the Berne Convention in 1928, and of 17 USC 104A with its critical date of January 1, 1996.
Because the Australian copyright term in 1996 was 50 years, the critical date for copyright in the United States under the URAA is January 1, 1946.
This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Kirk

*KIRK, The or Church of Scotland, is Calvinistic in doctrine, and presbyterian in discipline; and has been so from the time of the celebrated John Knox, the famous Scotch reformer, who flourished in the sixteenth century. The form of their worship is very simple, without a liturgy and without pomp. Scotland contains about nine hundred parishes, and as many benefices; they are provided for by patrons, and not, in general, elective by the people. See Presbyterians.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Knipperdolings

KNIPPERDOLINGS, a denomination in the sixteenth century, derived from Bertrand Knipperdoling, who taught a literal millenium; denied justification by faith, original sin, and infant baptism; maintained that every Christian has authority to preach and administer the sacraments; that all things ought to be in common, &c.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Chevrea's Hist. of the World, vol. iii. p. 437.