OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/gätlich

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry gätlich. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ gätlich, adjective, ‘suitable, convenient,’ an essentially Middle German and Low German word; derived from a parallel Gothic form *gada-, to which Old High German gi-gát, adjective, ‘suitable, agreeing with,’ also points; compare Gatte, gut; so too Old Slovenian godŭ, ‘favourable time,’ Lithuanian gadas, ‘stipulation,’ and Dutch gadelijk, ‘reconcilable.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Brausche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Brausche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Brausche, feminine, ‘bump, bruise,’ from Middle High German brûsche, ‘a swelling with blood underneath’; to this English brisket and Old Icelandic brjósk, ‘gristle,’ are allied. The stem common to all these must have meant ‘roundish elevation.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Braut

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Braut. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Braut, feminine, ‘bride, betrothed,’ from the equivalent Middle High German brût, Old High German brût, feminine Gothic brûþs (stem brûdi-) means ‘daughter-in-law’; from this comes brûþ-faþs, ‘lord of the bride’ (faþs corresponds to Greek πόσις, which stands, as πότνια indicates, for πότις, corresponding to Old Indian patis, ‘lord’), i.e. ‘bridegroom.’ The Middle High German, brût signifies ‘the young, newly married woman’; the borrowed Modern French bru, earlier bruy, is, on account of its meaning, connected most closely with Gothic brûþs. ‘daughter-in-law’; compare νύμφη, ‘betrothed, bride, daughter-in-law.’ In English we may compare Anglo-Saxon brŷd, ‘betrothed,’ English bride, which are primitively allied to the German; compare also English bridal, from Anglo-Saxon brŷd-ealo, hence originally ‘bride-ale.’ English bridegroom is based upon English groom, and represents Anglo-Saxon brŷdguma, the second component of which is Gothic guma, ‘man,’ corresponding to Latin homo (primary form ghomon). The Modern High German Bräutigam is identical in etymology with the Anglo-Saxon word; compare Old High German brûtigomo, Middle High German briutegome, in which the first part is properly genitive singular (compare Nachtigall). The Teutonic root form brûdi- has not yet been explained etymologically; it is a word peculiar to Teutonic, like Weib and Frau. Gothic qino, ‘woman,’ Middle High German kone, are based on an ancient form; compare Greek γυνή, Sanscrit gnâ, ‘woman.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bremse

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bremse. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bremse, feminine, ‘drag-shoe,’ from Middle High German bręmse, feminine, ‘barnacle, muzzle.’ It cannot be identified with Bremse, ‘gadfly’ (see Breme), because the latter indicates a Gothic brimisi, while Bremse, ‘drag-shoe,’ points to a Gothic bramisjô. For Bremse, ‘drag,’ dialectal forms such as bram (with a and the loss of the suffix s) have been authenticated, but of a root bram with some such meaning as ‘to press, squeeze,’ there is no trace, The suffix s recalls Gothic jukuzi, ‘yoke,’ from the equivalent juk; compare also aqizi, ‘axe.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Braus

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Braus. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Braus, masculine, from the equivalent Middle High German brûs, ‘noise, tumult’; perhaps cognate with ​Anglo-Saxon brýsan, English to bruise. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bresche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bresche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bresche, feminine, ‘breach, gap,’ Modern High German only, from French brèche, whence also the equivalent Dutch bres. The French word is usually traced back to the Old German stem of brechen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bretzel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bretzel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bretzel, masculine, feminine, ‘cracknell,’ from the equivalent Middle High German brezel, also breze, Old High German brezitella and brezita (bergita); allied to Bavarian die bretzen, Suabian brätzg, brätzet, Alsatian brestell. The Suabian form as well as Old High German brizzilla presupposes a Teutonic ë; but the vowel sounds of the remaining forms are uncertain. It is most frequently referred to Middle Latin brâcéllum (whence brăzil, and by mutation brĕzil’), or rather brâchiólum, ‘little arm’ (the different kinds of pastry are named from their shape; compare e.g. Middle High German krâpfe, ‘hook, hook-shaped pastry’); Middle High German brœzte would be brâchitum. From Old High German brézitella the Modern High German Bretstelle (Strassb.) was produced, while breztella was resolved by a wrong division of syllables into Bret-s-telle; thus we deduce In Modern High German Tapfe from Fußtapfe, i.e. Fuß-stapfe. The absence of the word in Romance (yet compare Italian bracciatello) seems to militate against the derivation of the whole of this class from Latin bracchium. In that case Old High German bergita, brezita, might perhaps be connected with Anglo-Saxon byrgan, ‘to eat,’ Old Irish bargen, ‘cake.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Bregen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Bregen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Bregen, see Brägen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Brei

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Brei. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Brei, masculine, ‘broth, pottage,’ from the equivalent Middle High German brî, brîe, masculine, Old High German brîo, masculine, allied to Dutch brij, Anglo-Saxon brîw, ‘pottage’; Gothic *breiwa- (Gothic *breiws is related to Old High German brîo in the same way as Gothic saiws to Old High German sêo). It is hardly possible that the word is connected with the root brū̆, discussed under brauen. Did a root brī̆, ‘to cook,’ exist? compare Old Icelandic brîme, ‘fire.’ Greek ορίσσω (root φρῖκ) has been suggested.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Brett

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Brett. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Brett, neuter, ‘board, plank, shelf, counter,’ from the equivalent Middle High German brët, Old High German brët, neuter; corresponds to Anglo-Saxon brëd, n,; Gothic *brid, neuter. It has been shown under Bort, ‘board,’ that the Old Teutonic word for Brett had two stems, primarily identical and separated only by gradation, viz., bredo- and bordo-, whose connection might be represented thus: Indian bradhas is related to bṛdhas, as Aryan bhrédhos is to bhṛdhós, neuter; Middle High German brët combines the meanings ‘board, shield,’ &c., like Anglo-Saxon bord; see also Korb.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Breme

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Breme. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Breme, ‘edge, border.’ See verbrämen.
Breme, Bremse, feminine, ‘gadfly.’ Compare Middle High German brëme, brëm, Old High German brëmo, ‘gadfly.’ Bremse is Low German for High German Breme; compare Old Low German brimissa, Anglo-Saxon brimse, Middle English brimse. Old High German brëmo would be in Gothic *brima, masculine, Bremse, Gothic *brimisi, feminine. Yet English breeze (horsefly) cannot be cognate, since breósa (and not brimes) is its Anglo-Saxon form. The root of Bremse, discussed under brummen, is brem (pre-Teutonic bhrem, Latin fremere), ‘to buzz, hum,’ whence also Sanscrit bhramara, masculine, ‘bee.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/hätscheln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hätscheln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hätscheln, vb., ‘to fondle, pamper,’ recently coined in ModHG.?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/hören

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hören | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hören, vb., ‘to hear, give ear to, listen,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hœren, OHG. hôren; common Teut. hauzjan, ‘to hear’; comp. Goth. hœusjan, OIc. heyra, AS. hŷran, hêran, E. to hear, Du. hooren, OLG. hôrian (comp. also the derivative horchen); Teut. root hauz, from pre-Teut. kous, to which is allied Gr. ἀκούω (for *α-κούσjω?; Hesychius, κοᾷ ἀκούει). - The latter is probably connected with the Aryan stem of Ohr (cus), just as Lat. audire stands for *aus-dire (comp. auscultare); in that case the Teut. guttural h, Gr. ἀκ, would be the remnant of a prefix. A more widely diffused stem for hören is OTeut. hlus and klu, from Pre-Teut. klus and klu, which, however, is nearly obsolete in Teut.; comp. laut, lauschen, laustern. Der. gehorsam, from MidHG. and OHG. gehôrsam (AS. gehŷrsum), ‘obedient.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/hämisch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hämisch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hämisch, adj., ‘malicious,’ from late MidHG. hęmisch, adj., ‘close, malicious, cunning, perfidious,’ orig. perhaps ‘veiled, obscure’; allied to OHG. *hamo, ‘covering, dress,’ mentioned under Hamen, Hemd, and Leichnam.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/häufig

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/häufig | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ häufig, adj., copious, abundant,’ ModHG. only, lit. ‘by heaps.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/hüten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hüten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hüten, vb., ‘to heed, take care,’ from MidHG. hüeten, OHG. huoten, ‘to watch, take care’; Goth. hôdjan is wanting, AS. hêdan, E. to heed (also as a subst.), Du. hoeden, OSax. hôdian. Teut. root hôd, from the Aryan kā̆dh (kō̆dh?) or kā̆t; perhaps allied to Lat. cassis (for *cat-is), ‘helmet,’ also to MidHG. huot, ‘helmet,’ E. hat. See Hut (1).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/hübsch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hübsch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hübsch, adj., ‘pretty, handsome,’ from MidHG. hübesch, hübsch, adj., prop. ‘courtly,’ then also ‘beautiful.’ OHG. *hubisc is connected by a grammatical change with hof.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/hänseln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hänseln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hänseln, vb., ModHG. only, different from the earlier homonymous word mentioned under Hanse; lit. ‘to make a Hans, i.e. a fool, of anybody’ (comp. the abusive terms Hansdumm, Hansnarr, Hanswurst).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/häßlich

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/häßlich | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ häßlich ‘ugly, loathsome,’ from MidHG. haȥ-, hęȥȥelîch, ‘malignant, hateful, ugly.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/höfisch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/höfisch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ höfisch, adj., ‘courtly, flattering, fawning,’ from MidHG. hövesch, adj., ‘courtly, accomplished’; allied to Hof.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/hüpfen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/hüpfen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ hüpfen, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. hüpfen, hupfen, ‘to hop’; OHG. *hupfen is by chance not recorded; so too AS. *hyppan, whence MidE. hyppen. E. to hip. Akin also to ModHG. and MidHG. hopfen, AS. hoppian, E. to hop, OIc. hoppa; Goth. *hupôn, *huppjan, are wanting. UpG. dialects besides hoppen, from OHG. *hoppôn (OTeut. *hubbôn). AS. hoppettan, ‘to hop,’ MidHG. *hopfzen, ModHG. hopsen, are differently formed.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sieden

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry sieden. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sieden, verb, ‘to seethe, boil, stew,’ from Middle High German sieden, Old High German siodan, ‘to seethe, cook’; compare Dutch zieden, Anglo-Saxon seóðan, English to seethe, Old Icelandic sjóða, ‘to seethe, cook.’ In ​Gothic the only allied term is sauþs, masculine, ‘offering’ (Old Icelandic sauðr, ‘sheep,’ properly ‘sacrificial animal’). An Aryan root sut seems to be wanting in the cognate languages.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/so

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry so. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ so, adverb, ‘thus, so,’ from Middle High German and Old High German sô; corresponding to Old Saxon sô, which seems to represent *swô, although its relation to Anglo-Saxon swâ (English so) and Gothic swa, ‘thus,’ cannot be accurately ascertained. Compare als, also, and solch. The early history of this pronominal adverb (‘in this way’) is obscure; the fact that it assumed the function of a relative (i.e., was used as a conjunction) corresponds to a similar change in the use of der; sô appears as a relative particle in Middle High German, but rarely in Old High German.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/solch

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry solch. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ solch, pronoun, ‘such,’ from the equivalent Middle High German solich, solh (sülich), Old High German sulih, solih (hh and single h); corresponding to Old Saxon sulic, and Dutch zulk. Just as Anglo-Saxon swâ and Gothic swa represent High German and Low German sô, so Anglo-Saxon swylč (English such), and Gothic swaleiks, ‘such,’ represent sulîk. For the form and meaning of the Teutonic suffix lîko (liho-) compare lich and welcher.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sonder

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry sonder. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sonder, preposition, ‘without,’ from the equivalent Middle High German sunder, which is properly an adverb, ‘aside, separately,’ but in Old High German and Middle High German it is frequently a conjunction, ‘but, rather.’ Compare Old High German suntar, adverb, ‘separately, especially, but,’ Gothic sundrô, ‘separated, alone,’ Anglo-Saxon sundor, English asunder, Dutch zonder, ‘without.’ Allied to Greek ἄτερ, ‘without,’ from the primary form sntér? With this word is connected besonders, from Middle High German besunder, ‘separately, singly.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/singen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry singen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ singen, verb, ‘to sing, chant,’ from the equivalent Middle High German singen, Old High German and Old Saxon singan; a common Teutonic verb occurring in the same sense in all the dialects; compare Gothic seggwan, Old Icelandic syngva, Anglo-Saxon singan, English to sing, Dutch zingen (yet Gothic also ‘to read,’ Old High German also ‘to crow’). The Teutonic root singw, which appears also in Sang, &c., is only doubtfully related to some terms in the non-Teutonic languages; it is said to be primitively allied to sagen (Teutonic root sag, from Aryan seq), and to this there is no phonetic ​objection. It is more probably connected with Greek ὀμφή, ‘voice, speech, oracle,’ if a pre-historic root sengh be assumed. Compare sengen, and, for other Teutonic artistic expressions, Lied and Harfe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sinken

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry sinken. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sinken, verb, ‘to sink, fall, abate,’ from the equivalent Middle High German sinken, Old High German sinchan; a common Teutonic strong verb (for its causative see senken). Compare Gothic sigqan, Old Icelandic sokkra, Anglo-Saxon sincan, English to sink, Dutch zinken, Old Saxon sincan. The a-root senq, contained in these words, seems to have originated in an i-root sī̆q, which appears in the parallel form sī̆hw in Modern High German seihen, as well as Old High German sîgan, Middle High German sîgen, ‘to drip.’ The pre-Teutonic root sig, siq appears in Old Slovenian sĭcati, ‘to make water,’ sĭčĭ}, ‘urine,’ as well as in Sanscrit sic, ‘to wet, pour out,’ whose present appears in a nasalised form Modern High German seihen is based upon Teutonic saik, pre-Teutonic síg.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sofern

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry sofern. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sofern, conjunction (insofern), ‘so far, in case,’ even in Middle High German sô vërre.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sintemal

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry sintemal. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sintemal, conjunction, ‘since, whereas,’ from Middle High German sintemâl, for sint dëm mâle, ‘since then.’ Compare seit.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sitzen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry sitzen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sitzen, verb, ‘to sit, fit, suit,’ from the equivalent Middle High German sitzen, Old High German sizzen (from *sizzean, earlier *sittian); a primitively Teutonic and also common Aryan strong verb from the Aryan root sē̆d, Teutonic sē̆t. Compare Gothic sitan, Anglo-Saxon sittan, English to sit, Dutch zitten, Old Saxon sittian, ‘to sit, be seated.’ It corresponds to Sanscrit sad, Greek ἔζομαι (for *σεδjο-), Latin sêdeo, Old Slovenian sędą (sěsti). For the corresponding causative see setzen. It is unnecessary to adduce further derivatives from this very large Aryan class (such as Latin sîdo, Greek ἱδρύω, Latin sella, &c.).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/sollen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry sollen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ sollen, verb, ‘to owe, be in duty bond, be said to,’ from Middle High German soln (scholn), Old High German solan (scolan), preterite present, ‘to owe, be obliged, be allowed, become, be indebted, be fitting.’ The corresponding abstract Schuld, feminine, ‘debt, guilt,’ proves, like Gothic skulan, ‘to be indebted, be bond to pay,’ that skal, ‘to owe,’ is the root (the loss of the guttural, by which the 1st person skal became sol in Old High German and Middle High German, is surprising). From this root a preterite present common to Teutonic was formed, which assumed the function of an auxiliary verb; compare English shall and Dutch zal. For further details see grammars.
# Americanisation

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