# Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/An account of the siege of Brampton Castle

Source: Historical Manuscripts Commission (1904). Calendar of the manuscripts of the Marquis of Bath, Presereved at Longleat, Wiltshire 1. His Majesty's Stationery Office. p. 1–7.
1643, July 26. — A true relation of the siege of Brampton Castle in the county of Hereford begun on Wednesday July 26th 1643, being the public fast day.
Upon Wednesday the 26th of July about two of the clock there appeared two or three troops of horse which divided themselves after they had faced our castle about an hour, from a little hill on the south side thereof called Pinners, and presently stopped all our passengers. Not long after there appeared about two or three hundred foot upon the east part of our castle which likewise dispersed themselves. The number of the enemy, as we understand since, were about seven hundred of horse and foot.
This evening a trumpeter was sent to summon our castle from Henry Lingen, esquire, High Sheriff of the county of Hereford, Sir Walter Pye, knight, and William Smallman, esquire, which was answered by the honourable and valiant the Lady Harley. The evening upon their first approach and before their summons [they] murdered one John Powntney a man born blind, because upon demand he said he was for the King and Parliament.
Thursday the 27th many of the foot possessed the town and church, and we played all that day and night with small shot upon each other. Some of the enemy were slain, but none of us. This day they plundered many of our sheep and cattle.
Friday the 28th we continued with small shot till about the evening, when another trumpet and letter was sent from
Sir William Vavasour, knight, Colonel and Governor of Hereford, which was likewise answered by the Lady Harley. This day the parley being ended they plundered our horses which we endeavoured to suspend, they being housed, but could not, and in the night the Cavaliers plundered all our fat cattle and cows.
Saturday the 29th of July a troop or two of Horse appeared and dispersed themselves about us, and about evening a drum was sent with another letter, so we ceased from shooting that evening and night.
Sunday the 30th of July we expected their ordnance and were compelled to pluck up our portcullis, and about the evening the honourable Lady sent a letter to the Governor, so we ceased till a warning piece should be on their side given.
Monday the 31st was spent in letters and answers, here annexed, with a cessation of arms.
Tuesday August 1st 1643 the enemy approached into our quarters and began to raise breastworks, but being commanded out by a gentleman, one Captain Scudamore, refused. Immediately the Cavaliers fired a house in town whereupon we gave fire roundly upon them [for] about an hour, but then we espied all our out-houses, containing very many bays of building, on a light fire. This evening a trumpet was sent from the governor afore- said with a letter, which was answered, etc.
Also another letter from the Lady with a promise of answer at twelve of the clock the next day, yet unperformed.
Wednesday August the 2nd an answer was expected to the aforementioned, but instead thereof we had peals of ordnance.
Thursday August the 3rd very early in the morning the Cavaliers fired our mills, and about ten of the clock the fire began in the town which within a very few hours consumed the greatest part thereof, then about three that afternoon the enemy planted a saker against our castle in the stable window. This evening they made ten shots against us with bullets of betwixt six or seven pound weight which only pierced our battlements but slew none of us, wherein the great power of God may be observed, that in these nine days not a hair fell from our heads by any of these enemies; as for our loss by fire and plunder which hath already been very great to the value of three thousand pounds and upwards, yet it was observed that all of us took joyfully the spoiling of our goods. The malignants of the country stood upon hills about us, and when the ordnance played, gave great shouts, which no whit daunted us. This night they cast up a work at the parsonage on the east side of our castle which we could not prevent in the dark, and the enemy fired a bomb on the west side, which did no whit annoy us, although they had the wind.
Friday August 4th the parsonage house and barns were burnt down, which was an advantage to us for there the enemy quartered their men and began to raise batterings and breastworks. All this day they played with their great gun; they made twenty six shots against us which only struck down one chimney and a battlement of our castle, shattering the tilestones, and
although most of the bullets came in the house there was not one of us hurt, whereby we may see an Almighty power and Providence in our protection and preservation.
Saturday August 5th the enemy made twenty one shots more against our castle, and at last down came the top of another chimney, at which the Cavaliers gave a great shout — and cause they had so to do — that with five great shots at eighty yards distance they prevailed against one stack of chimneys and a battlement. This was the execution done this week, God being still pleased to preserve all our lives and support our spirits. We omitted nothing that might strengthen our walls, laboured day and night in a cheerful expectation of a happy deliverance. This afternoon the enemy beat up their drums and a part of them marched out of town; many country people came into their room and made that night many fires and a great noise, the cause of this alarm is not yet known to us. This night they made a great shot at us which did no execution as we were taking down tile and timber.
Sunday August 6th the enemy saluted us very early with their loud music eight times before morning sermon and then left off, perhaps ashamed of some barbarism on this day, or rather because God did blow upon some of their instruments of cruelty which broke. About one of the clock we heard many muskets go off and at last discerned them shooting as if some part had been in skirmish with them a mile off; the particular of this we are yet ignorant of. Let me add this one thing remarkable, that of men women and children never used to such hardships, about one hundred all immured up in a close house and the dog-days, there was not one sick or feeble person among us.
Monday the 7th of August, we had secret intelligence that the enemy had no great hopes of taking the castle, that some of them were hurt, some slain, that their scouts had taken a little girl of ours and murdered it, that the Parliament forces were on their march, etc. This day they made ten shots with a demiculverin which did no execution; hi the afternoon they planted a very great gun on the west side [of] the castle and made three shots against us, the third bullet came in at the window and shattered the wall by the clock, broke the bell and hurt in the lobby at the parlour door the Lady Colebourn, struck out one of her eyes. Mrs. Wright, Dr. Wright's wife, was also hurt, but thanks be to God, neither of them mortally. This was the saddest day that we have yet had since the beginning of the siege.
Tuesday August the 8th the enemy planted two great guns against the west side of our castle; this day they made twenty nine shots against us, some of their bullets weighed nine pounds ten ounces, all which did no execution, neither on the walls nor persons, such was the mercy of God to us. This evening came in two colonels of the enemy's foot, which vapoured at their first approach and gave a shout, called us Roundheads; these made neither our walls shake or our hearts fail.
Wednesday August 9th the enemy planted five great guns
against our castle as if they had meant this day to have beaten it to dust, two on the east part, two on the west part and one on the south. They made forty three great shots against us, which through God's great mercy did us little hurt. This night we had secret intelligence that Sir William Bruerton had given the Lord Capell a great overthrow, that Gloucester was not besieged four days since, that Sir William Vavasour was shortly expected westward, that this county was summoned into Ross upon pain of death.
Thursday August 10th the enemy was so quiet till evening that we could scarce discern they were here, they gave us three shots out of the steeple which broke some Venice glasses in a high tower which formerly entertained some of those capon-faced cowards who have unmanned themselves in offering violence to so noble a lady, an action which will render them odious to man, as their 'perjurious' act at Hereford perfidious to God. This night we had secret intelligence that their greatest gun was yesterday broken, that the cannoneer was killed and that twenty five of their men were slain by us.
Friday August 11th the enemy began very early with their great guns which in the night they had planted near us. They made this day thirty six shots against us, which through God's mercy hurt none of us, nor our walls but very little, besides continually shooting with muskets and hammer-guns ever since the siege began and yet not a man of ours slain or wounded, which is a wonderful thing. This night they made two shots with their great gun, which likewise did no execution, thanks be to God.
Saturday August 12th, the enemy continued shooting with their great guns, sometimes battering at chimneys, sometimes at the walls below, anon at the windows and tiles, now three or four shots in the west, then to the south and east, then cursing the Roundheads, calling us Essex bastards, Waller's bastards, Harley's bastards, besides rogues and thieves. This was their language and these were their actions to reduce us to obedience to the King. This day they made twenty shots against our castle and so concluded three weeks work, all which through the wonderful mercy of our good God, did us very little hurt, yet not a man slain or wounded although so many thousand shots have been shot against us. I dare say there hath been no such preservation in these three kingdoms since the beginning of these unnatural wars. The praise we ascribe only to the God of our preservation.
Sunday August 13th we were necessitated to work in the morning, for we found that our wall in the west was sore battered almost to a breach and that very near the ground; it was a round tower that contained a staircase, which might be fortified with more ease than any part of the castle, there we bestowed much pains in lining the walls. This day we had secret intelligence that two more of their guns were broken, that another cannoneer was sore hurt, that Prince Rupert had sent the enemy word to leave our castle, and to run away, that an army was upon their
march from London for our relief. This day they played not with their cannons at all, but lay still, as if they had enough.
Monday August 14th the enemy was very quiet till the afternoon, then they began out of the steeple to batter. They made five shots against us this day, which did us no hurt. This night we had secret intelligence that the enemy was preparing fire balls to destroy us.
Tuesday August 15th the enemy continued battering with their great gun out of the steeple our worst friend. They made this day nine shots more at our south battlements which did no execution there; and from day to day hath the Lord hitherto preserved us and made their own guns their executioners.
Wednesday August 16th the enemy lay still almost the whole day; at evening they made two shots against us from the stable, which did no execution. This day we had secret intelligence that the Parliament forces were at Wolverhampton, that Gloucester was besieged, that the King lay before it, that Bristol was delivered up upon composition, that Sir William Waller was coming to raise the siege of Gloucester, that Brampton Castle was given to Sheriff Lingen if he could get it.
Thursday August 17th the weather being very foul the enemy lay still about us and we had a pretty intermission from them; but the Lord was pleased this day to sadden us with the breaking of an iron gun, which was our greatest, whereby an honest and active gentleman of our garrison was sore hurt and it was God's great mercy we (sic) had not been slain, which we acknowledge with much thankfulness. The enemy played not with their great gun this day.
Friday August 18th being the [twenty-fourth] we were besieged, our honest cook received a shot through his left arm, which was the first bullet [with which] the enemy touched any of us. This night we had secret intelligence that the Scots were come into England, that the whole kingdom resolved to rise as one man, that Sir William Waller was made General of a great army in London and was coming westward, that the cause in the [ ] was successful through the kingdom, but for us in particular, without hopes of any relief as yet.
Saturday August 19th the enemy lay very quiet all the day, there was nothing remarkable save only the conclusion of another week and not one of us slain, but one hurt; on the contrary we were informed that of the enemy there were three- score hurt and slain.
Sunday August the 20th we spent in fasting and prayer that we might be delivered out of the hands of these bloody enemies, who were, by the power of God, this day restrained from disturbing of us.
Monday August 21 the enemy made four shots with their great gun which did no harm. This day a small party of our men sallied out upon the enemy and slew some of them, fired a house where they kept their wild fire, very much to our advantage, some that lay prisoners have since confessed that these ten men of ours that sallied out made four hundred of theirs ready
to fly; there was not one of our men touched in this service. The praise of our preservation we ascribe only to God.
Tuesday August 22nd the enemy made eight shots more which did no execution. This day they cast up breastworks in our gardens and walks; and Lay so near us that their rotten language infected the air; they were so completely inhuman that out of their own mouths, and the mouths of their guns, came nothing else but poisoned words and poisoned bullets.
Wednesday the 23rd of August a drum was sent with a parley whereby we understood that Sir John Scudamore, knight, had a gracious letter from his Majesty to the Lady Harley; she presently prepared an humble petition to his Majesty then lying before Gloucester. This night we had secret intelligence from London of an insurrection there by the malignant rabble, of great division between both Houses and other very sad news.
Thursday the 24th of August the parley continued. Sir John Scudamore came up into the castle by a ladder and a rope, had conference with the noble lady, demanded her castle, etc. This day our cook died, being shot into the arm formerly with a poisoned bullet.
Friday the 25th of August, the treaty continued with a cessation of arms. This night we had secret intelligence that things were not so bad in the public as formerly we heard, that Sir William Bruerton waited for an opportunity for our relief, that London was quieted, that Gloucester resolved to fight it out, that such cruelty was exercised at Bristol, notwithstanding fair promises, that it will be a precedent to all the kingdom never to believe the Cavaliers.
Saturday the 26th of August, the treaty continued.
Sunday the 27th of August, the treaty continued. This day Mr. Lake, vicar of Aymestrey, preached to the Cavaliers.
Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday and Thursday, the treaty continued with a cessation of arms.
Friday, the 1st of September 1643, Sir John Scudamore returned again, sent a letter to the noble Lady, and gave her to understand that her petition to his Majesty had received a gracious answer, etc. This night we had secret intelligence from Sir William [Waller] that we should speedily be relieved, that Gloucester stood out valiantly, many of the Cavaliers were slain before it, that the Earl of Newcastle had received a great overthrow, that the Lord Capell's powder house at Salop was blown up.
Saturday the 2nd of September we expected his Majesty's answer afore mentioned, which proved only a letter from Sir William Vavasour wherein he offered a pass and convoy for the Lady and her servants to march away. In the evening there came a very sharp letter from Sir John Scudamore requiring our castle and arms, to admit a garrison, or a positive answer which was to this effect, etc.
Sunday the 3rd of September there was a cessation of arms.
Monday the 4th of September, we expected the 'Hoggs' out of Lingams Park, wherewith they meant to undermine us. This
night we had secret intelligence that Eccleston Castle was taken, that Sir William [Waller] was bound for Salop county, that this week he would send a party to raise the siege here, that Gloucester stood out valiantly, that the Scots were in England.
Tuesday the 5th of September, Sir John Scudamore came again, sent a close letter to the noble Lady, desired admittance to speak with her, which was not granted, for experience had taught us, their former words and actions wanted nothing but truth. This evening Sir John Scudamore sent in the King's answer as he pretended subsigned by secretary Fauckland here annexed, etc. This night we had secret intelligence that the Parliament forces were at Wem, within seven miles of Salop.
Wednesday the 6th of September the noble lady sent early a letter to Sir John Scudamore here annexed. This morning the enemy began to remove their carriages, which is contrary to the law of arms in time of treaty, whereupon we gave them a warning piece and presently after they began with their great guns afresh; they made two shots and no more which did no execution.
Thursday the 7th of September the Cavaliers made two great shots more with their great guns which did no execution. We were of opinion that they had enough, and were taking their leave, at last removing their great guns. This night we had secret intelligence that Sir William [Waller] was ready to come to raise the siege here, that the Lord General and Sir William Waller were upon their march for Gloucester to raise the siege there, that now Bristol began to revolt from the Cavaliers' heavy yoke.
Friday the 8th of September 1643, the Cavaliers stole away our bells and as they were carrying them out of town, we sent some of his Majesty's good subjects to old Nick for their sacrilege; some of their great guns, we heard they were now gone.
Saturday the 9th of September we continued with small shot most of the day and through God's mercy concluded another week and none of us slain or wounded. This evening the enemy fired a 'baracado' upon the west part of our castle, which made us confident they were taking their leave of us. This night we had secret intelligence that the Lord General was with a very great army near Gloucester, that the Cavaliers had raised their siege to give him battle, and that all the King's forces were called together for that purpose from Exeter, from Shrewsbury, &c.; that Sir William Waller came out of London upon Monday last and that the Cavaliers about us would be gone. This, indeed, was the day of our deliverance, a day to be remembered and never to be forgotten throughout our generations.
The Lord was this day pleased to take away these bloody villains, and to return them with shame, which had vexed us almost these seven weeks, for which we desire to be humbly thankful to our good God, that delivered our poor family out of the hands of fifteen malignant counties set against us even to our extirpation and ruin.
These are the several passages of our siege truly related from our shutting up even to the day of our deliverance. Copy.

#### Notes

* ↑ Letters Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643
* ↑ Letters Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643
* ↑ Letters Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643
* ↑ Letters Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643
* ↑ Letters Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643
* ↑ Lewis, Theresa, Lady (1852), Lives of the friends and contemporaries of Lord, vol. 1, London: J. Murray, pp. 277, 278, <http://internet.archive.org/details/livesfriendsand03lewigoog>.
* ↑ The siege Gloucester started the next day 10 August 1643
* ↑ Letters Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643
* ↑ Letters Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643
* ↑ Letters Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643
* ↑ Letters Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643
* ↑ Letters Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643 Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643
* ↑ Letters Sieges of Brampton and Hopton castles/Correspondence during the siege of Brampton Castle in 1643