OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cartwright, Samuel

​CARTWRIGHT, SAMUEL (1789–1864), dentist, was born at Northampton in 1789, and was originally an ivory turner. He came to London at an early age, wholly dependent upon his own exertions for his daily support, and commenced life in the metropolis as a mechanical assistant to Mr. Charles Dumergue of Piccadilly. During this service he found time to give a regular attendance on anatomical and surgical lectures. In 1811 he started in practice on his own account at 32 Old Burlington Street, and soon acquired a reputation second to that of none, either before or since, who have practised the same branch of the healing art. He was as remarkable for the correctness and rapidity of his judgment as he was for marvellous dexterity in all manipulatory processes. During a great part of his career he was in the habit of seeing from forty to fifty patients every day, and this for months together, standing constantly from seven o'clock in the morning until the same hour in the evening, and yet in every case doing what he had to do without the slightest appearance of hurry or fatigue. He did much to improve and elevate his profession, and is said for some years to have been in the receipt of an income of upwards of 10,000l. He became a fellow of the Linnean Society on 19 Nov. 1833, a F.R.S. on 11 Feb. 1841, and was also a fellow of the Geological Society, but never found time to make any contributions to the ‘Proceedings’ of these institutions. His pleasing manners, liberal hospitality, and professional fame acquired for him the friendship of nearly all the most distinguished in science, literature, and art of his day. He continued in practice at Old Burlington Street until 1857, when he retired, and in the following year had an apoplectic seizure which resulted in palsy, under which he laboured for the rest of his life. He died at his residence, Nizell's House, near Tunbridge, on 10 June 1864.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Cartwright, Thomas (1795-1850)

1904 Errata appended.
​CARTWRIGHT, Sir THOMAS (1795–1850), diplomatist, eldest son of William Ralph Cartwright, M.P., of Aynhoe, Northamptonshire, by Emma Maude, daughter of Cornwallis, first viscount Hawarden, was born on 18 Jan. 1795. He was educated at Christ Church, Oxford, and entered the diplomatic service, and was secretary of legation at Munich 1821–8, at the Hague 1828–30, and minister plenipotentiary at Frankfort 1830–8 and at Stockholm 1838 till death. He was a supporter and close friend of Lord Palmerston. He received the honour of G.C.H. in 1834. He succeeded to his father's property on 4 Jan. 1850, but died at Stockholm on 17 April of the same year.
[Gent. Mag. new series, xxxiv. 91; Burke's Knightage.]
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.56 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 232 | i | 41-43 | Cartwright, Sir Thomas: for after holding . . . . Sweden read entered the diplomatic service. He was secretary of legation at Munich 1821-8 and at The Hague 1828-30. He was minister plenipotentiary at Frankfort 1830-8 and at Stockholm 1838 till death |
| | | 13 f.e. | for knighthood read G.C.H. |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hookes, Nicholas

​HOOKES, NICHOLAS (1628–1712), author of ‘Amanda,’ a Londoner by birth, was a king's scholar at Westminster School (Welch, Alumni Westmonast. p. 132). He was elected to a scholarship at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1649, and took the degree of B.A. in 1653. Dryden was his contemporary at Westminster, and followed him to Cambridge in 1650. In 1653 Hookes published a series of poems entitled ‘Amanda, a Sacrifice to an unknown Goddesse, or a Free-will offering of a Lovinge Heart to a Sweet-Heart,’ dedicated to the Hon. Edward Montagu, son of Lord Montagu of Boughton. The poems were written, he tells us in his preface, in praise of an entirely imaginary person. In the same year he also published ‘Miscellanea Poetica’ (usually bound up with the ‘Amanda’), among which may be noticed a poem addressed to the famous Dr. Busby and a dialogue in Latin elegiacs, in which ‘Scholam Westmonasteriensem alloquuntur vicissim Cantabrigiæ et Oxoniæ genii.’ Hookes died 7 Nov. 1712, and was buried in Lambeth Church on the south side of the north aisle. An elaborate inscription in Latin describes him as ‘virum qui summam dubiis probitatem sincerâ in Deum pietate, spectatâ in utrumque Carolum fide, eximiâ in omnes charitate, moribus suavissimis et limatissimo ingenio, omnibus elegantioris literaturæ ornamentis exculto, mire adornavit.’ The monument is stated to have been erected by ‘Johannes Hookes, superstes nepos.’ Hookes's wife, Elizabeth, who died 29 Nov. 1691, was, like his father, sister, and many children, buried in the same grave.
Hookes's poems have little merit, although some of his humorous pieces are curiously illustrative of manners, and from many passages it can be seen that the author was a close student of Shakespeare, whose phraseology he frequently borrows to the letter. Campbell, in his ‘Specimens of the British Poets,’ has given a short extract from Hookes, whom he erroneously calls Hook.
[Cole MSS. xlv. 267; Addit. MSS. 5846, British Museum; Manning's Surrey, iii. 512; Notes and Queries, 6th ser. vii. 36, 117, 129.]
W. R. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hoole, Elijah

​HOOLE, ELIJAH (1798–1872), orientalist, son of Holland Hoole, a shoemaker, of Manchester, was born there in 1798, and entered the grammar school 6 April 1809, leaving in 1813 to help in his father's business. After studying privately, he became a probationer for the Wesleyan ministry in 1818, and was chosen a missionary by the Wesleyan methodist missionary committee in November 1819. He arrived in Madras in September 1820, having lost his library and outfit by shipwreck on the way, and after short stays there and at Negapatam he settled at Bangalore in April 1821. He was recalled to Madras in March 1822, and was elected a member of the committee for revising the Tamil version of the Bible. During his stay in Southern India, Hoole published a number of translations into Tamil, including portions of the Bible, a book of hymns (Madras, 1825), tracts on methodism, and a life of Wesley. In 1828 he was forced by ill-health to leave India, and shortly after his return to Europe was appointed a superintendent of schools in Ireland. He removed to London in 1834, and became assistant-secretary, and from 1836 till his death one of the general secretaries of the Wesleyan Missionary Society. He died on 17 June 1872. Hoole married, in 1835, Elizabeth, third daughter of Charles Chubb, the lock maker.
In addition to his Tamil translations, Hoole edited a number of missionary works, and wrote (1) an account of his experiences in Southern India, under the title, ‘A Personal Narrative of a Mission to the South of India from 1820–8,’ London, 1829; an enlarged edition, with the title, ‘Madras, Mysore, and the South of India,’ appeared in London in 1844. 2. ‘The Year-book of Missions,’ 1847. 3. ‘Oglethorpe and the Wesleys.’ He also contributed articles to the ‘Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society’ and ‘London Quarterly Review,’ and edited two books on missions by W. Lawry, 1850 and 1851.
[Hoole's Personal Narrative; Wesleyan Missionary Notices, 1872; T. F. Smith's Manchester School Reg. (Chetham Soc.), vol. iii. pt. i. p. 45.]
E. J. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hoole, Charles

​HOOLE, CHARLES (1610–1667), educational writer, son of Charles Hoole of Wakefield, Yorkshire, was born there in 1610. He was educated at Wakefield free school, and at Lincoln College, Oxford, where he proceeded B.A. on 12 June 1634 and M.A. on 7 July 1636 (Wood, Fasti, ed. Bliss, i. 465, 489). He took holy orders about 1632, and was, through the influence of his kinsman Dr. Robert Sanderson, appointed master of the free school of Rotherham in Yorkshire. He became rector of Great Ponton, Lincolnshire, in 1642, and was sequestrated by the parliament. He thereupon came to London. In the metropolis he made himself a name as a teacher. He taught at private schools, in a house near Maidenhead Court in Aldersgate Street, and in Tokenhouse Gardens in Lothbury, where, in Wood's quaint phrase, ‘the generality of the youth were instructed to a miracle.’ At the Restoration, Sanderson, bishop of Lincoln, made him his chaplain and gave him a prebendal stall in his cathedral. On 10 Dec. 1660 he became rector of Stock, Essex, which he held till his death there on 7 March 1666–7. He was buried in the chancel of his parish church.
Hoole wrote many popular educational works, some of which were published after his death. Their titles are: 1. ‘An Easy Entrance to the Latin Tongue, wherein are contained the Grounds of Grammar, a Vocabularie of Common Words, English and Latine,’ &c., 1649. 2. ‘Terminationes et Exempla Declinationum et Conjugationum in usum Grammaticastrorum,’ &c., 1650, frequently reprinted; revised edition by Sandon, 1828; another corrected edition, Dublin, 1857. 3. ‘Propria quæ Maribus, Quæ Genus and As in præsenti. Englished and explayned,’ 1650. 4. ‘Lily's Latine Grammar fitted for the use of Schools,’ 1653. 5. ‘Vocabularium parvum Anglo-Latinum. … A little Vocabulary,’ &c., 1657. 6. ‘M. Corderius's School Colloquies, English and Latine. Divided into several clauses, wherein the propriety of both languages is kept,’ 1657. 7. ‘L. Culmann's Sentences for Children … translated into English,’ 1658. 8. ‘J. A. Commenii, Orbis Sensualium pictus … translated as “The Visible World,”’ 1659. 9. ‘Pueriles Confabulatiunculæ. Children's Talk. English and Latin,’ 1659. 10. ‘Catonis disticha de Moribus,’ with ‘Dicta septem sapientum Græciæ,’ &c., 1659. 11. ‘Centuria Epistolarum. Anglo-Latinarum, ex Tritissimis Classicis Authoribus … A Century of Epistles,’ &c., 1660. 12. ‘New Discovery of the Old Art of Teaching School,’ 1660. 13. ‘Examinatio Grammaticæ Latinæ in usum Scholarum adornatæ,’ 1660. 14. An edition of the New Testament in Greek, 1664. 15. ‘P. Terentii Comœdiæ Sex Anglo-Latinæ,’ 1676. 16. ‘The Common Accidence Examined ​and Explained by Short Questions and Answers,’ 1679. 17. ‘Æsop's Fables. English and Latin,’ 1700.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 758–9; Newcourt's Repertorium, ii. 563; Notes and Queries, 6th ser. vi. 89, 134; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hooper, Edmund

​HOOPER, EDMUND (1553?–1621), organist and composer, was born about 1553 at Halberton near Tiverton, Devon, and was brought up at Bradninch in the same county, until he was sent by Sir James Dyer to school at Greenwich. Hooper joined the choir of Westminster Abbey probably in 1581; was appointed master of the children on 3 Dec. 1588; became shortly afterwards organist, in succession to Neeve, and was in 1606 the first regularly appointed organist of the abbey (Rimbault). His duties included repair of the organs and transcription of choir music. He was admitted a gentleman of the Chapel Royal on 1 March 1603. He died on 14 July 1621, and was buried on the 16th in the abbey cloisters, near his first wife. He was survived by his second wife, Margaret, and twelve sons and daughters. His eldest son, James (d. 1651), was a ‘singing man’ at Westminster; his grandson, William (1611–1663), petticannon, was probably the Hooper who took Pepys into the choir, where he ‘sang with them their service’ (29 Dec. 1661).
Hooper composed much church music of merit. There are printed in Barnard's ‘First Book of Selected Church Music,’ London, 1641, his full anthems, ‘Teach me Thy way’ (a 4), ‘O Thou God Almighty’ (a 5), and ‘Behold it is Christ’ (a 5). In Leighton's ‘Teares or Lamentacions,’ London, 1614, are published Hooper's ‘Alas! that I offended ever’ (a 4), and ‘Wellspring of Bounty’ (a 5). Hooper contributed several harmonised psalm-tunes to Este's ‘Whole Booke of Psalms,’ 1592. Manuscript copies of Hooper's ‘Evening Services’ (long, in D, and short, in C or A minor) are in the libraries of Ely Cathedral and Peterhouse, Cambridge. A collection of manuscript music (thought by Husk to have belonged to Barnard, and now in the library of the Royal College of Music) contains Hooper's preces, psalms, and responses, and six unpublished verse anthems: ‘Hearken, ye nations,’ ‘O God of Gods,’ ‘O how glorious!’ ‘O Lord, in Thee is all,’ ‘O Lord, turn not away,’ ‘Sing unto the Lord.’
[Rimbault's Old Cheque Book of the Chapel Royal, passim; Chester's Westminster Abbey Registers, pp. 118, 145, 158; Pepys's Diary, i. 307; P.C.C. Registers, Dale, fol. 67; Husk's Cat. of the Sacred Harmonic Society, pp. 188–190; Grove's Dict. of Music, i. 746; authorities cited.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chappington, John

​CHAPPINGTON or CHAPINGTON, JOHN (d. 1606), organ-builder, was born at South Molton, Devonshire. He seems to have built an organ for Westminster Abbey about 1596, when an entry in the churchwardens' accounts of St. Margaret's, Westminster, records that he was paid 13l. 13s. 4d. for the organs of the college church. In 1597 Chappington built an organ for Magdalen College, Oxford, for which he was paid 33l. 13s. 8d., and in the following year he received 2l. for repairing the instrument, which remained in the college chapel until 1685, when it was sold for forty guineas. Chappington died at Winchester, between 27 June and 4 July 1606. His will bears the former date and was proved on the latter. In it he directed that he should be buried in Wells Cathedral.
[Bloxam, Registers of Magdalen Coll. ii. xcix. cxxvii. 278, 279; Hopkins's The Organ (1855), p. 50; Chappington's Will, Probate Registry, 62, Stafford, communicated by Mr. Challoner Smith.]
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chapple, Samuel

​CHAPPLE, SAMUEL (1775–1833), organist and composer, was born at Crediton, Devonshire, of humble parentage, in 1775. Before he was ten years old he lost his sight through an attack of small-pox. This misfortune aroused much sympathy, and in 1790 it was proposed at a vestry meeting that young Chapple, who had already displayed considerable musical capability, should be educated as a musician at the cost of the ratepayers. After some opposition this resolution was carried, and Chapple was articled to a blind professor of music named Eames, who lived at Exeter. Here he made great progress, and in 1795, before his articles were expired, he was elected organist of Ashburton parish church, a post he retained for the rest of his life.
Besides playing the organ, Chapple was a good violinist and pianist, and was successful as a teacher in Ashburton and its neighbourhood, about which he used to ride with a boy as guide behind him. He died at Ashburton in 1833, leaving a numerous family. He was succeeded as organist by his second son, who was then aged only thirteen. Chapple published several collections of anthems, which are written in a style now happily extinct, besides several songs, glees, and pianoforte pieces.
[Proceedings of the Devonshire Association, xiv. 325; Brit. Mus. Music Cat.]
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chard, George William

​CHARD, GEORGE WILLIAM (1765?–1849), organist, was born in 1764 or 1765. He was educated in the choir of St. Paul's under Hudson, and in 1787 was appointed a lay clerk of Winchester Cathedral, where he also acted as assistant organist to Peter Fussel. On the death of the latter Chard was (August 1802). appointed organist of the cathedral. In 1812 he took the degree of Mus. Doc. at Cambridge, his name being entered at St. Catherine's. In 1832 he became organist of Winchester College, which post he continued to fill, in addition to that at the cathedral, until his death, which took place on 23 May 1849, at the age of 84. His wife Amelia and one child survived him, but the former died 16 March 1850,and is buried with her husband in the cloisters of Winchester College. Chard wrote a little unimportant music. One of his earliest compositions was a setting of a song from ‘Pizarro,’ which the title-page states was originally designed for Mrs. Jordan. It is dedicated to Mrs. Sheridan.
[Chapter Records of Winchester Cathedral; Rom11ly's Graduati Cantabrigienses; Grove's Dictionary of Music, i.; sepulchral brass]
W. B. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chapman, William

​CHAPMAN, WILLIAM (1749–1832), engineer, was the son of William Chapman, an engineer at Whitby, who invented a ​machine for converting salt-water into fresh (described in the Philosophical Transactions for 1758?), and discovered a saurian, called after him Teleosaurus Chapmanni, William Chapman the younger, born in 1749, became an eminent engineer. He was a friend of Watt and Matthew Boulton [q. v.] He was engineer of the Kildare canal, and consulting engineer to the grand canal of Ireland. In conjunction with Kennie, he was engineer of the London Docks and of the south dock and basin at Hull. He was also engineer to Leith, Scarborough, and Seaham harbours, the last of which he constructed. In 1812 he patented a new locomotive to work on the Heaton railway, in which chains were so arranged that the wheels could never leave the rails, but it was found so clumsy in action that the plan was soon abandoned (Smiles, George Stephenson, p. 73). Chapman patented several other inventions and was the author of many essays and reports upon engineering subjects. He died on 19 May 1832.
His chief works are:
* 'Observations on the various Systems of Canal Navigation, with inferences practical and mathematical, in which Mr. Fulton's system of wheelboats and the utility of subterraneous and of small canals are particularly investigated,' 1797.
* 'Facts and Remarks relative to the Witham and the Welland,' &c., 1800.
* 'On the Improvement of Boston Haven,' 1800.
* 'Observations on the Prevention of a future Scarcity of Grain,' &c., 1803.
* 'Treatise on the progressive Endeavours to improve the Manufacturing of Cordage,' 1805, 1808.
* 'Observations on the proposed Corn Laws,' 1815.
* 'Treatise on the Preservation of Timber from premature Decay,' 1817.
Chapman contributed papers on the formation of mineral coal to Thomson's 'Annals of Philosophy' (1816), vii. 400, and on improvements in the old Rotterdam steam engine to the Rotterdam 'Niewe Verhandl.' (1800), i. 154-178.
[Information from Mr. J. H. Chapman, F.S.A.; Cat. Scientific Papers; Pantheon of the Age (1826), i. 329.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chappelow, Leonard

1904 Errata appended.
​CHAPPELOW, LEONARD (1683–1768), orientalist, born in 1683, of a Yorkshire family, was educated at St. John's College, Cambridge; proceeded B.A. in 1712, M.A. in 1716; became fellow of St. John's in Jan. 1716-7, in the room of an ejected nonjuring fellow named Tomkinson, and in 1720 was appointed professor of Arabic in succession to Ockley. He resigned his fellowship in 1731, and was an unsuccessful candidate for the mastership of St. John's College in 1784. He published an annotated edition of the well-known Dr. Spencer's 'De legibus Hebræorum ritualibus' (1727, 2 vols. folio); 'Elementa Linguæ Arabicæ' (after Erpenius), 1730; 'Commentary on the Book of Job,' 1752, 2 vols. folio (where the view is advanced that the Book of Job was originally an Arabic poem, subsequently translated into Hebrew); a free translation of 'The Traveller,' or the 'Lamiyat al-'Ajam' (1758, 4to), from the Arabic of Toghrai, intended to represent the metre of the original; and 'Six Assemblies' of El Hariri (1767, 8vo), with useful notes. He also edited Bishop Bull's 'Two Sermons' on the state of the soul after death, with a preface (1765). He lectured on oriental tongues during one term of each academic year, and held the livings of Great and Little Hormead, Hertfordshire. He died 13 Jan. 1768.
[Cole's Athenæ, MS. Brit. Mus.; Biog. Brit., art. 'Spencer;' Chalmers's Biog. Dict.; Baker's St. John's Coll. (ed. Mayor).]
S. L-P.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.62 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 61 | i | 21 | Chappelow, Leonard: after Ockley insert combining with this the Lord Almoner's professorship of Arabic from 1729 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Chapple, William (1677-1745)

1904 Errata appended.
​CHAPPLE, WILLIAM (1677–1745), judge, was of the Chapples of Waybay House, Dorsetshire, and was born in 1677. He was an industrious student of law, and became a Serjeant in 1724. In 1722 he was elected M.P. for Dorchester, and sat for the borough till 1737. About 1728 he was appointed a judge on the North Wales circuit, and in 1729 was knighted and made king's serjeant. On the promotion of Sir William Lee he was in 1737 (16 June) raised to a puisne judgeship of the kind's bench, and held his office with high reputation till his death, 16 March 1746. He was buried in a tomb of black and white marble in Wonersh church. He married Trehane Clifton, daughter and heiress to Susan Clifton of Green Place, Wonersh, Surrey, 23 Jan. 1710, and had by her four sons, William, Richard, John, and Joseph, and two daughters, Grace and Jane, one of whom married Sir Fletcher Norton, afterwards Lord Grantly.
[Foss's Lives of the Judges; Hutchins's Dorset, i. 373, 696, ii. 6; Manning and Bray's Surrey, ii. 116; Brayley's Surrey, v. 124; Gent. Mag. XV. 164.]
J. A. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.62 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 62 | i | 1 | Chapple, William (1677-1745): for William read Sir William |
| | | 9 | before made insert in 1727 |
| | | 21 | for Grantly read Grantley |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Mathias, Benjamin Williams

​MATHIAS, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1772–1841), divine, born on 12 Nov. 1772, was only surviving child of Benjamin Mathias, a native of Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, who settled in Dublin about 1760 as a woollen cloth manufacturer. Both his parents died when he was about ten. Entering Trinity College, Dublin, on 3 Oct. 1791, he was elected scholar in 1794, and graduated B.A. in 1796, M.A. in 1799 (College Register, where the name of his father is given as ‘Henry’). In 1797 he was ordained to the curacy of Rathfryland, co. Down, and in 1805 became chaplain of Bethesda Chapel, Dorset Street, Dublin, an appointment which he was compelled to resign through ill-health in May 1835. In doctrine he was a moderate Calvinist. Mathias died in Merrion Avenue, Dublin, on 30 May 1841, and was buried in the cemetery of Mount Jerome. His congregation erected a tablet to his memory in Bethesda Chapel and a monument in the cemetery. In January 1804 he married a daughter of Mr. Stewart of Wilmont, co. Down, by whom he had a family. ​Mathias, who was an eloquent preacher, wrote: 1. ‘An Inquiry into the Doctrines of the Reformation and of the United Church of England and Ireland, respecting the Ruin and Recovery of Mankind,’ 2 pts. 8vo, Dublin, 1814, which evoked replies by W. Eames in 1817, and a ‘Clergyman of the Church of England’ in 1818. 2. ‘Vindiciæ Laicæ, or the Right of the Laity to the unrestricted Reading of the Sacred Scriptures vindicated,’ 8vo, Dublin, 1827. 3. ‘A Compendious History of the Council of Trent,’ 8vo, Dublin, 1832. 4. ‘Popery not Catholicism, in Two Parts,’ 8vo, Liverpool, 1851, edited by his son, the Rev. W. B. Stewart Mathias. Part ii. is a reprint of ‘Vindiciæ Laicæ.’
His portrait, engraved after Martin Cregan, R.H.A., by J. Horsburgh, was prefixed to his ‘Twenty-one Sermons,’ 8vo, Dublin, 1838.
[Information from the Rev. John W. Stubbs, D.D.; Brief Memorials of the Rev. B. W. Mathias, 8vo, Dublin, 1842.]
G. G.