OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nichols, Josias

​NICHOLS, JOSIAS (1555?–1639), puritan divine, born probably about 1555, was educated at Oxford, where he graduated B.A. 18 March 1573–4. In 1580 he was presented by Nicholas St. Leger and his wife to the rectory of Eastwell, Kent. He was strictly puritan in his treatment of the Book of Common Prayer and ceremonies (Lansdowne MS. 42, f. 84; Strype, Whitgift, i. 271); and on the imposition of Whitgift's three articles in 1583 he declined to sign, and was described as a ringleader of the puritan ministers in Kent. Whitgift suspended him and his friends in February 1583–4. In May 1584 some gentlemen of Kent interceded in their behalf. Nichols was restored, evidently by Whitgift's favour, as Dr. William Covel [q. v.] told him distinctly that the archbishop had shown him more honour ‘than many others of your quality and deserts’ (Covel, Modest Examination, chap. iii.). His views, however, remained as strongly puritan as before; he signed the book of discipline, and took part in the attempted erection of the ‘government’ in 1587, when he was a member of a synod which met apparently in London (Strype, Annals, iii. ii. 477). This ​movement failed. But the prospect of James's succession renewed the hopes of the party, and Nichols published his ‘Plea of the Innocent,’ in the hope of reopening the controversy. It was answered on the part of the church, and at Whitgift's instigation, by Covel in his ‘Modest and Reasonable Examination of some things in use in the Church of England’ (1604). On the part of the separatists, whom it equally castigated, it was answered by Sprint in his ‘Considerations touching the Points in Difference between the godly Ministers … and the seduced Brethren of the Separation’ (1608). As a consequence of his literary efforts, Nichols was deprived of the rectory of Eastwell in 1603. He appears to have spent the rest of his life in the neighbourhood. In September 1614 ‘Mr. Josias Nichols of Loose’ protested at a meeting at Maidstone against the proposed benevolence to pay the king's debts as not having been sanctioned by parliament (Hist. MSS. Comm. 10th Rep. iv. 17). Nichols was buried at Eastwell on 16 May 1639.
His works are: 1. ‘The Order of Household Instruction, by which every Master of a Family may easily … make his Household to understand the … Principal Points of Christian Religion,’ London, 1596. 2. ‘The Plea of the Innocent, wherein is averred that the Ministers and People falsely termed Puritan are injuriously slandered for Enemies of the State,’ &c., London, 1602 (epistle dedicatory to the archbishop, two editions of the same year). 3. ‘Abraham's Faith: that is, the old Religion wherein is taught that the Religion now publikely taught, and defended by Order in the Church of England, is the only true Catholik and unchangeable Faith of God's Elect, and the pretended Religion of the See of Rome a subtle, bastard, etc., Superstition,’ London, 1603 (epistle dedicatory to the archbishop and the lord chief-justice of England).
W. A. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Nichols, William (1655-1716)

​NICHOLS, WILLIAM (1655–1716), Latin poet, born in 1655, was son of the Rev. Henry Nichols or Nicols of Hilton, near Cowbridge, Glamorganshire. He matriculated at Oxford, from Christ Church as a ‘poor scholar’ on 14 April 1671, and graduated B.A. on 24 March 1674–5, M.A. in 1677 (Foster, Alumni Oxon. 1500–1714, iii. 1070). On 4 June 1690 he was presented to the rectory of Cheadle, Cheshire, but resigned it on his appointment to the rectory of Stockport in the same county on 24 March 1693–4. He died towards the end of 1716. On 9 June 1692 he married, at Flixton, near Manchester, Elizabeth, daughter of Peter Egerton of Shawe, Lancashire, and by her, who died on 1 Oct. 1708, aged 43, he had several children. She was buried in Chester Cathedral, where her husband placed a monument, with an elegant Latin inscription, to her memory.
Nichols, who was a good classical scholar, wrote: 1. ‘De Literis Inventis libri sex,’ London, 1711, a little thick 8vo of 387 pages, dedicated to Thomas, earl of Pembroke, and composed entirely in Latin elegiacs. In the sixth book he refers to Stockport and its beautiful situation, and also notices Manchester and the neighbouring country in Derbyshire. 2. ‘Orationes duæ: una Gulielmi Nicols, A. M., altera Barthol. Ziegenbalgii, missionarii Danici ad Indos Orientales: utraque coram venerabili Societate pro promovenda Religione Christiana habita Londini, Dec. 29, 1715. Accedit utriusque orationis versio Anglicana,’ 8vo, London, 1716. 3. ‘Περὶ Ἄρχων libri septem: accedunt Liturgica,’ 2 pts. 12mo, London, 1717. The first part, which is inscribed to William Wake, archbishop of Canterbury, is a paraphrase on the church catechism in Latin hexameters, in the form of a dialogue between master and pupil. The ‘Liturgica,’ dedicated to Sir William Dawes [q. v.], archbishop of York, consists of translations of some portions of the book of common prayer into Latin verse.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Daly, Robert

​DALY, ROBERT (1783–1872), bishop of Cashel and Waterford, younger son of Denis Daly [q. v.], by Henrietta, only daughter and heiress of Robert Maxwell, first earl of Farnham, was born at Dunsandle, co. Galway, on 8 June 1783. Having entered Trinity College, Dublin, as a fellow-commoner in 1799, he gained the gold medal in 1803, and graduated B.A. in the same year. He proceeded M.A. in 1832 and B.D. and D.D. in 1843. In 1807 he was ordained a deacon, and was admitted to priest's orders in the following year. From 1809 to 1843 he held the prebend of Holy Trinity in the diocese of Cork; from 1814 to 1843 the prebend of Stagonil and the rectory of Powerscourt in the diocese of Dublin, and in 1842 was declared dean of St. Patrick's, Dublin, by the court of delegates appointed to try the validity of an election held on 8 Dec. 1840, in which the Rev. James Wilson, D.D. (precentor of St. Patrick's, and soon after bishop of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross), had been the other candidate. Daly was raised to the bishopric of the united dioceses of Cashel, Emly, Waterford, and Lismore, by patent dated 12 Jan. 1843. For many years, both before and after his elevation to the bench of bishops, his name was a household word throughout the church of Ireland. He was an eminent leader of the evangelical section, and in him the various religious societies connected with the church found at all times a very munificent contributor. He was a preacher of considerable force and energy, maintaining his own principles with great consistency, and ever ready to do battle on their behalf. He died 16 Feb. 1872, and was buried in the cathedral of Waterford.
Daly was the author of several printed ser​sermons and charges, and of various detached tracts on religious and moral subjects; he was also a frequent contributor to ecclesiastical periodicals. In 1832 he edited an edition of Bishop O'Brien's 'Focaloir Gaoidhilge-Sax-Bhéarla, or Irish-English Dictionary,' &c. A 12mo volume, entitled 'Letters and Papers of Viscountess Powerscourt,' was edited by him in 1839, and has passed through at least eight editions. His valuable library included a fine and rare collection of bibles and prayer-books, which was sold by auction in London a short time before his death, the proceeds being applied by him to a benevolent purpose.
[Burke's Peerage (1880). 416; Dublin University Calendars; Todd's Catalogue of Dublin Graduates, 141; Personal Recollections of Bishop Daly, by an old Parishioner; Men of the Time (1868), 161; Brady's Records of Cork, Cloyne, and Ross, i. 108; Cotton's Fasti Ecclesiæ Hibernicæ, i. 31, 264, ii. 109, 179; Supplement, 1; Irish Ecclesiastical Gazette (February 1872), xiv. 46.]
B. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dalzell, Nicol Alexander

​DALZELL, NICOL ALEXANDER (1817–1878), botanist, born at Edinburgh on 21 April 1817, was a member of the Carnwath family. He was educated at Edinburgh High School, and studied divinity under Chalmers. He proceeded M.A. at Edinburgh University in 1837. His love of science induced him to give up the intention of entering the ministry. He was one of the earliest members of the Botanical Society in Edinburgh. In 1841 he visited Bombay and was appointed assistant commissioner of customs. He still pursued his botanical studies, contributing frequently to Sir W. Hooker's ‘Journal of Botany’ and to the ‘Proceedings’ of the Botanical Society of Edinburgh. He became forest ranger of Scinde, and, on the retirement of Dr. Gibson, conservator of forests, Bombay. In 1849 he communicated to the Bombay Asiatic Society's ‘Journal’ a paper entitled ‘Indications of a New Genus of Plants of the Order Anacardieæ.’ His ‘Contributions to the botany of Western India,’ which were published through Sir William Hooker, were commenced in 1850; they extended over a considerable period, and form the most complete account of the remarkable flora of that district. In 1861 he published ‘The Bombay Flora,’ which bore also the name of Dr. Gibson, who volunteered to bear the expense of publication. It is the only general descriptive work on the vegetation of Western India. This publication contains the names of upwards of two hundred plants, scientifically named and described, for the first time, by Dalzell himself. In 1857 he published in ‘Hooker's Journal of Botany’ ‘Observations on Cissus quadrangularis of Linnæus.’ He also published a pamphlet upon the effects of the denudation of forests in limiting the rainfall, which is highly praised in Forsyth's ‘Highlands of India.’ His health suffered from jungle malaria, and he retired upon a pension in 1870. Dalzell was distinguished as a forest officer by his strict attention to the higher duties of his office. His services to the department, to his subordinates, and to the scientific world are noticed in the highest terms by Sir Joseph Hooker, who states that his knowledge and the fidelity of his descriptions were so remarkable that he was selected as one of the intended authors of the ‘Flora of British India,’ now in course of publication by the Indian government. He died at Edinburgh in January 1878, leaving a widow and six children.
[Royal Society's Catalogue of Scientific Papers, Hooker's Journal of Botany, vols. ii. iii. iv.; Transactions of the Linnean Society; Athenæum, 2 Feb. 1878, p. 162; communication from Mrs. Dalzell.]
R. H-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Dalyell, Robert (d.1737)

​DALYELL or DALZELL, Sir ROBERT sixth Earl of Carnwath (d. 1737), was the eldest son of Sir John Dalyell of Glenae, Dumfriesshire, by his wife Harriet, second daughter of Sir William Murray of Stanhope, bart. He was educated at the university of Cambridge, and like his other relations was a zealous supporter of the Stuarts. On the death of the fifth earl of Carnwath in 1703 he succeeded him as sixth earl; but the property of Carnwath had previous to this been sold by the fourth earl to Sir George Lockhart, lord president of the Court of Session. His brother, the Hon. John Dalyell, who was married to a daughter of Viscount Kenmure, on learning of the arrival of the Earl of Mar in 1715 resigned his commission as captain in the army, and set off immediately to the earl's residence at Elliock, to give the news and obtain the co-operation of the other Jacobite nobles of the south of Scotland. On 27 Aug. the Earl of Carnwath attended the so-called hunting-match convened by the Earl of Mar at Aberdeen, and being summoned to Edinburgh to give bail for his allegiance he disregarded the summons. He joined the forces which, under Viscount Kenmure, assembled at Moffat on 11 Oct., and on the arrival at Kelso William Irvine, his episcopalian chaplain, on 23 Oct. delivered the identical sermon he had preached in the highlands twenty-six years before, in the presence of Dundee. On their arrival at Langholm on 30 Oct. a detachment of two hundred horse, divided into squadrons commanded respectively by Lords Wintoun and Carnwath, were sent forward in advance to hold Dumfries; but learning at Ecclefechan that it was strongly defended, information was sent to Viscount Kenmure, who determined to abandon the intended attack, and led his forces into England. The Earl of Carnwath and his brother, the Hon. John Dalyell, were both taken prisoners at Preston on 14 Nov. The latter was tried by court-martial as a deserter, but was able to prove that he had resigned his commission before joining the rebels. The earl, along with Viscount Kenmure and the other leaders of the southern rebellion in Scotland, were impeached on 18 Jan. before the House of Lords for high treason, when he pleaded guilty and threw himself on the mercy of the king. He was condemned, with the other lords, to be beheaded, but was respited, until ultimately his life was protected by the indemnity. He was four times married: first, to Lady Grace Montgomery, third daughter of the ninth Earl of Eglinton, by whom he had two daughters; second, to Grizel, daughter of Alexander Urquhart of Newhall, by whom he had a son, Alexander, who succeeded to the estates; third, to Margaret, daughter of John Hamilton of Bangor, by ​whom he had a daughter; and fourth, to Margaret, third daughter of Thomas Vincent o Bamburgh Grange, Yorkshire, by whom he had a son.
[Douglas's Scottish Peerage (Wood), i. 313; State Trials, xv. 762–806; Patten's History of Rebellion in Scotland, 1717; Hill Burton's History of Scotland.]T. F. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Damascene, Alexander

​DAMASCENE, ALEXANDER (d. 1719), musician, was of Italian origin, but by birth a Frenchman. Obliged to quit France on account of his religion, he came to England and obtained letters of naturalisation on 22 July 1682 (Agnew, Protestant Exiles, 2nd edit. i. 42, iii. 37). He gained a livelihood as an alto singer and teacher of music. On 6 Dec. 1690 he was appointed a gentleman extraordinary of the Chapel Royal, being preferred to a full place 10 Dec. 1695 in the room of Henry Purcell, deceased (Old Cheque Book of the Chapel Royal, Camden Soc. pp. 19, 21). He died 14 July 1719 (ib. p. 29; Historical Register, Chron. Diary, iv. 32). His will, in which he describes himself as ‘of the parish of St. Anne's, Westminster, gentleman,’ was dated 16 May 1715, and proved 27 July 1719 (registered in P. C. C. 126, Browning). Therein he devised his estate to Sarah Powell, his daughter-in-law, and appointed her sole executrix. Damascene composed numerous songs, many of which were published in the various musical miscellanies of the day, such as ‘Choice Ayres and Songs,’ 1676–84; the ‘Theatre of Musick,’ 1685–7; ‘Vinculum Societatis,’ 1687–91; the ‘Banquet of Musick,’ 1688–92; ‘Comes Amoris,’ 1687–94; ‘The Gentleman's Journal,’ 1692–4.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Gooden, Peter

​GOODEN, PETER (d. 1695), controversialist, probably a son of Peter Gooden of New Hall, Pendleton, near Manchester, was educated in the English College at Lisbon, and after being ordained priest was sent back to England upon the mission, in company with Edward Barlow, alias Booth [q. v.] He appears first to have been chaplain to the Middletons at Leighton Hall, near Lancaster. About 1680 he removed to Aldcliffe Hall, the seat of the seven daughters of Robert Dalton, esq. In this mansion Gooden ‘kept a sort of academy or little seminary for educating of youth, who were afterwards sent to popish colleges abroad to be trained as priests.’ After the accession of James II, he was appointed chaplain to the Duke of Berwick's regiment, and during that reign he had frequent conferences with Stillingfleet, William Clagett [q. v.], and other learned divines of the church of England. ‘No man,’ says Dodd, ‘was better qualified to come off with reputation in a personal conference,’ as ‘he was naturally bold and intrepid, had a strong voice, a ready utterance, and generally made choice of such topics as afforded him matter to display his eloquence.’ The revolution of 1688 obliged him to retire to his old abode at Aldcliffe Hall, where he died on 29 Dec. 1695.
He published: 1. ‘The Controversial Letters on the Grand Controversy, concerning the pretended temporal authority of the Popes over the whole earth; and the true Sovereignty of kings within their own respective kingdoms; between two English Gentlemen, the one of the Church of England, and the other of the Church of Rome,’ 2nd edit. 1674, 8vo. This was against Thomas Birch, who was vicar of Preston, Lancashire, from 1682 till his death in 1700. 2. ‘The Sum of the Conference had between two Divines of the Church of England and two Catholic ​Lay-Gentlemen. At the request and for the satisfaction of three Persons of Quality, Aug. 8, 1671,' London, 1687, 4to. An earlier edition was published, sine loco [1684], 4to. His conference with Stillingfleet gave rise to the publication of several controversial pamphlets, and 'The Summ of a Conference on Feb. 21, 1686, between Dr. Clagett and Father Gooden, about the point of Transubstantiation,' was published in 1689-90 by William Wake, D.D., afterwards archbishop of Canterbury. It is reprinted in 'Seventeen Sermons,' &c. by William Clagett, D.D., 3rd edit., London, 1699, 8vo, vol. i.
[Gillow's Bibl. Dict.; Dodd's Church Hist. ii. 481; Palatine Note-book (January 1582), ii. 9; Catholic Mag. vi. 108.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goodgroome, John

​GOODGROOME, JOHN (1630?–1704?), composer, lutenist, singer, and teacher, was one of a family of musicians, born at Windsor, and bred up a chorister. He was present at the coronations of Charles II, James II, and William and Mary, as one of the gentlemen of the Chapel Royal. In 1666 Goodgroome succeeded Notario and Henry Purcell the elder as musician in ordinary for the lute and voice and lute and violl, at the fee of 40l., and 16l. 2s. 6d. yearly for livery, while his post in the chapel choir was worth from 70l. to 73l. According to Wood, Goodgroome was a ‘rare songster, and taught some persons to sing.’ Four airs by Goodgroome, with bass for theorbo lute, or bass violl, were published in J. Playford's ‘Select Airs,’ and subsequently in the ‘Treasury’ of March 1669, and three of these, arranged for two and three voices, in the ‘Musical Companion,’ 1673; other music is in the Lambeth Palace Library, and two manuscript songs in the Fitzwilliam collection. Pepys records the visits of Theodore Goodgroome as his or his wife's singing-master from 1 July 1661 occasionally until 31 Aug. 1667. A John Goodgroome, organist of St. Peter's, Cornhill, 1725, may have been the son of John or Theodore Goodgroome, or of William Goodgroome, who is in the register of St. Dionys Backchurch, 1701, as music-master. The date of John Goodgroome's death is given in the Old Cheque-book, 15 May 1704.
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goodinge, Thomas

​GOODINGE, THOMAS (1746–1816), divine, born in 1746, son of Thomas Goodinge, barrister-at-law, was educated at Gloucester, and entered Trinity College, Oxford, 14 Jan. 1762 (B.A. 1766, and in 1778 both M.A. at Cambridge and D.C.L. at Oxford). In 1765 he was engaged for a few months as an assistant in the college school at Salisbury, and afterwards became principal of the college school of Worcester. In 1769 he was ordained deacon, and in 1771 was presented to the living of Bredicot in Worcestershire. In December ​1773 he married Maria Hale, daughter of Robert Hale of Marylebone, London. In 1775 he opened a private school at Bevere. He was head-master of the grammar school at Leeds in 1779, became rector of Hutton in Somersetshire in 1788, and in 1789 rector of Cound in Shropshire. Here he lost his wife in September 1810, and during his remaining years he resided in Shrewsbury. He died 17 July 1816.
Goodinge was a sound scholar, a powerful preacher, and a successful schoolmaster. He commenced a translation of Lycophron, but relinquished it on the appearance of Meen's translations in 1800. He was a good botanist.
W. F. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goodford, Charles Old

​GOODFORD, CHARLES OLD (1812–1884), provost of Eton, second son of John Goodford of Chilton-Cantelo, Somersetshire, who died in 1835, by Charlotte, fourth daughter of Montague Cholmeley of Easton, Lincolnshire, was born at Chilton-Cantelo 15 July 1812, and entered at Eton in 1826. He proceeded to King's College, Cambridge, in 1830, whence he took his B.A. 1836, M.A. 1839, and D.D. 1853. He was elected a fellow of his college, but did not long retain his fellowship, as on 28 March 1844 he married Katharine Lucia, third daughter of George Law of Lincoln's Inn. While still an undergraduate he returned to Eton and became an assistant-master in 1835. It was not long before he succeeded his former tutor, John Wilder, in charge of a large and important schoolhouse, in which a number of the resident boys were from his own ​adjacent counties. As a house-master he was liberal and kind, but his management was not equal to his good intentions. In 1853 he succeeded Edward Craven Hawtrey, D.D., as head-master at Eton. His rule on the whole was beneficial to the college. He aimed at a very complete reconstruction of the system of teaching; he made discipline a reality, while he abolished many vexatious rules which had needlessly restricted liberty, and would have done more but for the veto of the provost. In 1854 he edited ‘P. Terentii Afri Comœdiæ,’ a work which he printed chiefly to present as a leaving book to his sixth-form boys. On the death of Dr. Hawtrey, Lord Palmerston, in ignorance of the needs of Eton, and much against Goodford's own wishes, appointed him provost of Eton, a position which he held from 27 Jan. 1862 to his death. Under the Cambridge University commission of 1860, and more particularly under the royal commission of 1865, great changes and improvements were made in the college. Goodford held the small family living of Chilton-Cantelo from 1848 to his death. He died at The Lodge, Eton, 9 May 1884, and was buried in the Eton cemetery 14 May.
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goodhugh, William

​GOODHUGH, WILLIAM (1799?–1842), compiler, born about 1799, was for some time a bookseller at 155 Oxford Street. In order to render himself a competent bibliographer he acquired a knowledge of many of the oriental and most of the modern languages. He distinguished himself by his learned criticisms on John Bellamy's translation of the Bible in the ‘Quarterly Review’ for April 1818 and July 1820. In 1840 he issued proposals for a society to be called the ‘Dugdale Society,’ for the elucidation of British family antiquity by the publication of inedited documents and by systematic reference to those already printed, but the project was not encouraged. He died at Chelsea on 23 May 1842, aged 43, leaving a son and a daughter. During the three years preceding his death he had been engaged in the compilation of a bible cyclopædia, but he only lived to prepare the work down to the letter ‘r.’ It appeared in two folio volumes. He also published: 1. ‘The Gate to the French, Italian, and Spanish Unlocked’ (anon.), 12mo, London, 1827. 2. ‘The Gate to the Hebrew, Arabic, and Syriac Unlocked by a new and easy method of acquiring the accidence’ (anon.), 8vo, London, 1827. 3. ‘The English Gentleman's Library Manual, or a Guide to the Formation of a Library of Select Literature,’ 8vo, London, 1827. 4. ‘Motives to the Study of Biblical Literature in a course of introductory lectures,’ 8vo, London, 1838; another edition, without Goodhugh's name, was issued in 1839.
G. G.