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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Richard (1767-1840)

​JONES, RICHARD (1767–1840), animal painter, born in 1767, was a native of Reading, and obtained some repute as a painter of sporting subjects. He exhibited some animal pieces and portraits at the Royal Academy in 1818, 1819, and 1820. Four sporting subjects by him were engraved in mezzotint by Charles Turner for Ackermann's ‘Repository.’ Jones died in 1840.
[Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Robert (1810-1879)

​JONES, ROBERT (1810–1879), writer on Welsh literature, eldest son of Robert Jones, was born at Llanfyllin in Montgomeryshire on 6 Jan. 1810, and was educated at Oswestry school and at Jesus College, Oxford, where he matriculated in 1833 and graduated B.A. in 1837 (Foster, Alumni Oxon). After holding curacies at Connah's Quay and Barmouth, he was appointed in 1841 vicar of All Saints', Rotherhithe, and held the living until his death on 28 March 1879.
While still at Barmouth, Jones published a small hymn-book containing a selection of the best Welsh hymns, some of his own, and others by members of his family (Byegones, 2 April 1879); and he was a frequent contributor to the periodical literature of the day. On the revival of the Honourable Society of Cymmrodorion, he was appointed in 1876 the first editor of ‘Y Cymmrodor,’ being the transactions of the society, and was the author of ‘The History of the Cymmrodorion.’ In 1864 he published a reprint of the first edition of ‘Flores Poetarum Brittanicorum: sef Blodeuog Waith y Prydyddion Brytanaidd,’ by Dr. John Davies of Mallwyd, and he also edited for the Cymmrodorion Society, but at his own expense, a facsimile reproduction of the original black-letter edition (1547) of William Salesbury's ‘Welsh-English Dictionary,’ London, 1876. The earlier volumes of the ‘Powysland Club Transactions’ contain several articles from his pen, the most important of which, perhaps, is a series on ‘The Minor Poets of Wales.’ His chief production is the ‘Poetical Works of the Rev. Goronwy Owen (Goronwy Ddu o Fon), with his Life and Correspondence … with Notes critical and explanatory,’ 2 vols., London, 1876, 8vo. Jones also commenced editing the ‘Poems’ of Iolo Goch [q. v.], but left the work unfinished, a portion only of the historical poems being published, with his annotations as supplements to ‘Y Cymmrodor,’ vols. i. ii. He was at one time Welsh tutor to Prince Lucien Bonaparte; his collection of Welsh printed books was one of the finest in the kingdom, and after his death it was purchased for the Swansea free library, where it is still preserved in its entirety.
[Montgomeryshire Collections, xiii. 97; Y Cymmrodor, iii. 126; Byegones relating to Wales for 2 April 1879; Minute Book of the Cymmrodorion Soc.; Athenæum, 5 April 1879, p. 438.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Robert (fl.1616)

​JONES, ROBERT (fl. 1616), musical composer, after sixteen years' musical study, obtained at Oxford, as a member of St. Edmund Hall, a grace for the Mus. Bac. degree 29 April 1597. In 1616 he occupied a house within the precinct of Blackfriars, near Puddle Wharf, and a patent was granted to him in conjunction with Philip Rossetor, Philip Kingman, and Ralph Reeve, permitting them to erect on the site of Jones's house a theatre for the use of the Queen's children of the revels. The lord mayor and aldermen, however, procured from the privy council an order prohibiting such use being made of the building; the patentees were therefore obliged to dismantle the house and surrender their patent. Jones published: 1. ‘The First Booke of Ayres,’ London, 1601, including the song, ‘Farewell deere Love,’ alluded to by Shakespeare in ‘Twelfth Night,’ which is reprinted in J. S. Smith's ‘Musica Antiqua.’ 2. ‘The Second Booke of Songs and Ayres, set out to the Lute, the Base Violl, the Playne Way, or the Base by Tablature after the Leero [lyra] fashion,’ London, 1601, including the song, ‘My Love bound Me with a Kisse,’ also reprinted in Smith's ‘Musica Antiqua.’ 3. ‘The First Set of Madrigals of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 parts, for Viols and Voices, or for Voices alone, or as you please,’ London, 1607. 4. ‘Ultimum Vale, or the Third Booke of Ayres of 1, 2, and 4 Voyces,’ London, 1608. A unique copy of this is preserved in the library of the Royal College of Music. Several of the songs included in it were first printed in Davidson's ‘Poetical Rhapsody;’ others have been printed in Rimbault's ‘Ancient Vocal Music of England.’ 5. ‘A Musicall Dreame, or the Fourth Booke of Ayres; the first part is for the Lute, two voyces and the Viole de Gambo; the second part is for the Lute, the Viole, and four voyces to sing; the third part is for one voyce alone, or to the Lute, the Base Viole, or to both if you please, whereof two are Italian Ayres,’ London, 1609. 6. ‘The ​Muses' Garden of Delights; being songs set to Music,’ London, 1610. In 1812 a copy was in the library of the Marquis of Stafford, and Beloe printed six of its songs in his ‘Anecdotes,’ vol. vi. No copy of this book seems now accessible. Jones contributed the madrigal, ‘Faire Oriana, seeming to wink at folly,’ to Morley's ‘Triumphs of Oriana,’ 1601; and three pieces to Leighton's ‘Teares or Lamentacions of a Sorrowfull Soule,’ 1614. He is also one of the contributors to a manuscript collection of ‘Sacred Music for 4 and 5 voices’ in the British Museum (App. to Royal MS. 63).
Many of Jones's songs are poems of a high order of beauty; a few have been printed by Mr. A. H. Bullen's in his ‘Lyrics from Elizabethan Song Books,’ and in his ‘More Lyrics’).
[Grove's Dict. of Music, ii. 39, 40; Preface to Mr. A. H. Bullen's Lyrics from Elizabethan Song Books; Watt's Bibl. Brit. ii. 554; Cat. of Sacred Harmonic Soc. Lib.; Jones's Works in Brit. Mus.]
R. F. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Richard (fl.1564-1602)

​JONES, JHONES, or JOHNES, RICHARD (fl. 1564–1602), printer, was admitted a member of the Stationers' Company 7 Aug. 1564. The first entry to him in the registers is for a ballad (Arber, Transcript, i. 271). His shop was ‘joyning to the south-west doore of Paules Church.’ He also printed ‘at the west end of Paules Church, betweene the Brasen Pillar and Lollard's Tower,’ as well as ‘over against S. Sepulchre's,’ ‘Without Newgate neere unto Holburne Bridge,’ at the Rose and Crown, and other places. In June and August 1579 he was fined for disorderly printing, and in January 1582–3 he was committed to prison by the wardens for printing without license. He issued about ninety works (several in partnership with others), consisting chiefly of plays, chapbooks, romances, and popular literature. He had licenses for a large number of ballads, ‘particularly 8 Aug. 1586 he had allowed to him 123’ (Ames, Typographical Antiquities (Herbert), ii. 1055). He used the device of a flower, with a Welsh motto. Dibdin points out that the woodcut representing an old man about to pluck a flower, usually supposed to be a portrait of Jones (reproduced by Herbert, ib. ii. 1039), is a fancy sketch, probably borrowed from an ancient herbal (Typographical Antiquities, 1812, ii. x). Some of his introductory addresses are very quaint, as, for instance, those to Marlowe's ‘Tamburlaine’ (1592) and Nash's ‘Pierce Penilesse.’ He wrote an ​introduction to Breton's ‘Bower of Delights’ (1591), but Breton complained in the preface to ‘Pilgrimage to Paradise’ (1592) that the book had been printed by Jones ‘altogether without my consent and knowledge, and many thinges of other mens mingled with a few of mine’ (J. P. Collier, Bibliographical Account, 1865, i. 83). Jones had printed for Breton in 1575, 1577, and 1582, and issued in 1597 a second edition of what he called ‘Britton's Bowre of Delights.’ He also collected and published ‘The Arbour of Amorus Delightes, by N. B.,’ consisting only partly of Breton's pieces. The last entry to Jones in the registers was on 4 June 1602 (Arber, Transcript, iii. 206).
[Authorities quoted: J. Johnson's Typographia, 1824, i. 584–5; Timperley's Encyclopædia, 1842, pp. 425–6; Bigmore and Wyman's Bibliography of Printing, i. 376; W. Roberts's English Book-selling, 1889, pp. 60–2.]
H. R. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Rowland

1904 Errata appended.
​JONES, ROWLAND (1722–1774), philologist, was the second son, according to Rowlands, of John Williams, but, according to the ‘Roll’ of the Inner Temple, of William Jones of Bachellyn, Llanbedrog, Carnarvonshire, where he was born in 1722. After receiving a good education, he spent some time as clerk in the office of his father, who was a solicitor, but he soon obtained a similar situation in London. He married a young Welsh heiress, and was enrolled as a member of the Inner Temple 26 Oct. 1751. He is usually described as of Broom Hall, near Pwllhelie, Carnarvonshire. He died in Hamilton Street, Hanover Square, London, early in 1774, aged 52. He left three children, two daughters, Elizabeth and Ann, and a son, Rowland. The son died a bachelor on 24 Nov. 1856, aged 84, and was buried at Llanbedrog.
Jones published:
* ‘The Origin of Language and Nations, Hieroglyfically, Etymologically, and Topographically defined and fixed, after the method of an English, Celtic, Greek, and Latin-English Lexicon. Together with an Historical Preface, an Hieroglyfical Definition of Characters, a Celtic General Grammar, and various other matters of Antiquity. Treated of in a Method entirely new,’ London, 1764, small 8vo. In this work the author attempts to prove that Welsh was the primeval language.
* ‘Postscript’ to last work, and often bound with it, London, 1767.
* ‘Hieroglyfic: or a Grammatical Introduction to an Universal Hieroglyfic Language; consisting of English Signs and Voices, with a definition of all the Parts of the English, Welsh, Greek, and Latin Languages, some Physical, Metaphysical, and Moral Cursory Remarks on the Nature, Properties, and Rights of Men and Things, and Rules and Specimens for Composing an Hieroglyfic Vocabulary of the Signs or Figures as well as the Sounds of ​Things upon Rational and Philosophical Principles and the Primitive Meaning of Names,’ London, 1768, 8vo.
* ‘The Philosophy of Words,’ London, 1769.
* ‘The Circles of Gomer, or an Essay towards an Investigation and Introduction of the English, as an Universal Language, upon first Principles of Speech, according to its Hieroglyfic Signs, Argrafic Archetypes and superior Pretensions to Originality; a retrieval of Original Knowledge; and a Reunion of Nations and Opinions on the like Principles, as well as the Evidence of Ancient Writers; with an English Grammar, some Illustrations of the Subjects of the Author's late Essays, and other interesting Discoveries,’ London, 1771.
* ‘The Io Triads: or the Tenth Muse, wherein the Origin, Nature, and Connection of the Sacred Symbols, Sounds, Words, Ideas, are Discovered,’ &c., London, 1773.
[Rowlands's Bibliography; Herald Cymraeg, 1856–7; information from John Jones (Myrddin Fardd), Rev. D. Silvan Evans, and T. Walter Williams, esq., of the Middle Temple.]
R. J. J.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.170 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
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# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Richard (1603-1673)

​JONES, RICHARD (1603–1673), mnemonist and Welsh nonconformist, the son of John Pugh of Henllan, near Denbigh, was born in 1603 in the neighbouring parish of Llansannan, according to Calamy. He entered Jesus College, Oxford, in 1621, graduated B.A. on 9 Feb. 1625, and proceeded M.A. on 11 July 1628. Although he refused to take holy orders, he became master of the free school at Denbigh, and proved ‘very useful and successful’ there, being, according to Calamy, a ‘man of ingenuity, considerable learning, and noted piety,’ and having a ‘vein of poetry in Latin, English, and Welsh.’ He was ejected from his post on account of his nonconformity, and on similar grounds was subsequently compelled to abandon a private school which he opened at Henllan. In January 1652 and August 1655 he describes himself as a minister of the gospel residing at Llanfair Caereinion in Montgomeryshire (title-page to Testun Testament Newydd, and preface to Perl y Cymro). Wood, on the authority of Dr. Michael Roberts, principal of Jesus College, states that Jones died in Ireland, but that the date was unknown; but Calamy, with more probability, says that he died at Denbigh on 15 Aug. 1673, and that ‘Mr. Roberts, the conforming minister of that town, preached his funeral sermon.’ Owing to this conflicting account, some writers have erroneously assumed that Wood and Calamy have confused two persons called Richard Jones (Foulkes, Enwogion Cymru, p. 629; J. T. Jones, Geiriadur Bywgraffyddol, ii. 36, 120).
Jones was the author of the following translations into Welsh: 1. ‘Galwad i'r Annychweledig’ (being Baxter's ‘Call to the Unconverted’), 1659, 12mo. 2. ‘Hyfforddiadau Cristionogol,’ London, 1675, being a translation of Thomas Gouge's ‘Christian Directions to walk with God,’ and published at Gouge's expense. 3. ‘Bellach neu Byth,’ a translation of Baxter's ‘Now or Never,’ published in ‘Trysor i'r Cymro,’ London, 1677, 8vo. Jones was also author of two metrical mnemonic digests of the Bible. 4. ‘Testun Testament Newydd … yn Benhillion Cymreig mewn egwyddoraidd drefn,’ London, 1653, 8vo. 5. ‘Perl y Cymro; neu Cofiadur y Beibl ar fesurau Psalmau Dafydd,’ &c., London, 1655, 12mo, with title-pages also in English and Latin, viz. ‘The British Gemm, or Extract of the Bible,’ and ‘Gemma Cambri, seu Mnemonica Bibliorum;’ among the ‘encomiasticks on the author and his book’ is a letter by James Howell [q. v.] (see Epistolæ Ho-elianæ, Nutt's edition, 1891, p. 582).
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 344, where the bibliography of the works numbered 4 and 5 above is wrong; Calamy's Account of Ministers, 2nd edit. ii. 844; Rowlands's Welsh Bibliography, s.a. 1655, 1675, 1677; G. ab Rhys's Llenyddiaeth y Cymry, pp. 443–5; Enwogion y Ffydd, i. 196.]
D. Ll. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jones, Richard (1790-1855)

​JONES, RICHARD (1790–1855), political economist, born in 1790 at Tunbridge Wells, where his father was a solicitor, was intended for the legal profession, but owing to weak health he was sent to Cambridge to prepare for the church. He entered Caius College in 1812, and graduated B.A. in 1816 and M.A. 1819. He was at first appointed to a curacy in Sussex. In 1822 he became curate of Brasted, Kent, and the next year (1823) married Charlotte Altree of Brighton. In 1833 he was appointed professor of political economy at King's College, London, a post which he resigned in 1835 on succeeding Malthus in the chair of political economy and history at the East India College at Haileybury. He was associated with the passage of the Tithe Commutation Act in 1836, and was nominated commissioner under its provisions by the Archbishop of Canterbury. This office he held till the commission was remodelled in 1851. He afterwards became secretary to the capitular commission, and one of the charity commissioners. He resigned his professorship shortly before his death at Haileybury on 26 Jan. 1855.
As an economist Jones was strongly opposed to the deductive method of Ricardo and others. In his chief work, ‘An Essay on the Distribution of Wealth and on the Sources of Taxation, Part I., Rent,’ London, 1831, 8vo, he devotes himself to a hostile criticism of their method and an attempt to supersede their investigations by one more thoroughly inductive. His work is valuable in itself, but condemnation of Ricardo is often based on misinterpretation, while proofs advanced by Jones to show that Ricardo's principles solely apply to England, and do not hold good in other countries, fail to seriously impair the utility of Ricardo's treatise. Jones stands midway between Adam Smith and the modern school of historical economists. He is more historical than the former, less historical than the latter. He did not resort to original authorities. It cannot be said that his works established any new principle; they introduced modifications into others previously formulated. But his greatest claim to economic fame rests on his recognition of the necessity of the inductive method. His other works are:
* ‘A few Remarks on the Proposed Commutation of Tithes,’ London, 1833, 8vo.
* ‘An Introductory Lecture on Political Economy, delivered at King's College, with a Syllabus of a Course of Lectures on the Wages of Labour,’ London, 1833, 8vo.
* ‘Remarks on the Government Bill for the Commutation of Tithes,’ London, 1836, 8vo.
* ‘Remarks on the manner in which the Tithe should be Assessed to the Poor's Rate,’ &c., London, 1838, 8vo.
* ‘A Letter to Sir R. Peel … to exempt all Persons from being Assessed as Inhabitants to the Parochial Rates,’ London, 1840.
* ‘Text Book of Lectures on the Political Economy of Nations,’ Hertford, 1852, 8vo.
A collected edition of Jones's works, with preface by Whewell, appeared at Cambridge in 1850.
[Preface to collected works by W. Whewell; Ann. Reg. 1855; Gent. Mag. 1855; works as in text.]
E. C. K. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jenks, Benjamin

​JENKS, BENJAMIN (1646–1724), divine, eldest son of John Jenks, vicar of Eaton-under-Haywood, Shropshire, was baptised there on 29 May 1646. His family had long been resident at Wolverton, and he was related to Dr. John Williams, bishop of Chichester, to whom he dedicated his book of ‘Prayers.’ After taking holy orders, he officiated for some time as curate of Harley, in his native county. Francis, viscount Newport, afterwards earl of Bradford, the patron of the living, liked his sermons, and afterwards presented him to the rectory both of Harley and of the neighbouring parish of Kenley, besides making him his chaplain. He died at Harley on 10 May 1724, and was buried in the chancel of that church, where there is a monument to his memory. He married (1) Miss Baugh, by whom he had a son and a daughter; and (2) the widow of a clergyman, whose maiden name was Hunt, by whom he had no issue. His works are: 1. ‘Prayers and Offices of Devotion for Families, and for particular Persons upon most Occasions,’ London, 1697, 8vo; 2 vols., London, 1706; 8th edit., London, 1729, 12mo; 20th edit., London, 1780; 25th edit., Albany, U.S., 1801; 26th edit., altered and improved by the Rev. Charles Simeon, London, 1808, 8vo; 30th edit., London, 1832; another edit., London, 1860, 8vo. The 13th edition of Simeon's improved version appeared at London, 1866, 8vo. 2. ‘Submission to the Righteousness of God, or the necessity of trusting to a better Righteousness than our own, Opened and Defended in a … Discourse upon Rom. x. 3,’ London, 1700, 8vo; 5th edit., London, 1764; another edit., Glasgow, 1775. 3. ‘Meditations, with Short Prayers annexed, in Ten Decads, upon Various Subjects,’ London, 1701, 12mo. 4. ‘A Second Century of Meditations, with Short Prayers annexed, on Various Subjects. To which is added a Postscript by way of Meditation on the spoils and ruins made by the … Tempest, Nov. 27, 1703,’ London, 1704, 12mo. 5. ‘Contemplation full of Admiration. Serious Thoughts of the Wonderful God,’ London, 1705, 12mo. 6. ‘The Glorious Victory of Chastity in Joseph's Hard Conflict, and his Happy Escape,’ London, 1707, 24mo. 7. ‘Ouranography, or Heaven opened. The substance of Cardinal Bellarmine's … Eternal Felicity of the Saints … made English,’ London, 1710, 12mo. 8. ‘The Poor Man's Ready Companion. A lesser Prayer Book for Families … with a new Preface upon the Creed, Lord's Prayer, and Ten Commandments,’ London, 1713, 8vo. 9. ‘The Liberty of Prayer asserted, and guarded from Licentiousness,’ 3rd edit., London, 1716, 8vo. 10. ‘Meditations upon Various and Important Subjects, and Short Prayers annexed. With a Preface by the Rev. Mr. Hervey,’ 2 vols., London, 1756, 8vo; reprinted in 1757 and 1793.
[Orton and Stenhouse's Letters to the Rev. Thomas Stedman, i. 16; Gent. Mag. December 1852, pp. 605–7; Lowndes's Bibl. Man. (Bohn), p. 1196.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jenkinson, John Banks

​JENKINSON, JOHN BANKS (1781–1840), bishop of St. Davids, second son of John Jenkinson, by Frances, daughter of Rear-admiral John Barker of Guildford, was born at Winchester on 2 Sept. 1781. John Jenkinson, the father, was brother of Charles Jenkinson, first earl of Liverpool [q. v.]; was a colonel in the army, joint secretary for Ireland, and gentleman-usher to Queen Charlotte; and died on 1 May 1805. John Banks Jenkinson was educated at Winchester, where he was elected scholar in 1793. On 22 Dec. 1800 he matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, graduated B.A. in 1804, and proceeded M.A. in 1807, and D.D. in 1817. He became prebendary of Worcester on 30 Aug. 1808, rector of Leverington, Cambridgeshire, on 8 July 1812, dean of Worcester on 28 Nov. 1817, and master of St. Oswalds, Worcester, on 8 Jan. 1818. On 23 July 1825 he was elected bishop of St. Davids, and on 4 Aug. 1825 was appointed canon of Durham. On 13 June 1827 he became dean of Durham, and held the deanery, then worth 9,000l. a year, with his bishopric for the remainder of his life. He died at Great Malvern on 7 July 1840, and was buried in Worcester Cathedral. Jenkinson was a man of amiable disposition, and possessed a fine library; he maintained a school for the children of the poor at Carmarthen, which usually contained 150 scholars. He published a few separate sermons. He married, on 8 April 1813, Frances Augusta, daughter of Augustus Pechell of Berkhampstead, Hertfordshire, and by her left two sons and two daughters. The eldest son, George Samuel Jenkinson, succeeded his uncle, Sir Charles, as eleventh baronet in 1855.
[Richardson's Local Historian's Table Book, v. 176; Foster's Baronetage; Kirby's Winchester Scholars, p. 283; Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus, p. 98; Foster's Alumni Oxon. p. 749; Gent. Mag. 1840, ii. 321.]
W. A. J. A.