OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Elyot, Richard

​ELYOT, Sir RICHARD (1450?–1522), judge, was son of Simon Elyot, and grandson of Michell Elyot. The family was closely associated with Coker, near Yeovil, Somersetshire. His mother was Joan, daughter of John Bryce, alias Basset. He was practising as an advocate in 1492; from 1498 to July 1511 he occupied, as receiver for the crown, the manor of Wansborough, Wiltshire, the forfeited estate of Francis, lord Lovell, attainted in 1485. He was commissioner for the collection of an aid in Wiltshire in 1503, and in Michaelmas of that year became a serjeant-at-law, and soon afterwards attorney-general to the queen. Before this time he married his first wife, Alice Fynderne, niece of Sir Thomas Fynderne, who was executed in 1460, and granddaughter of Sir William Fynderne of Childrey, Berkshire (d. 1440). He acted as judge of assize on the western circuit from the opening years of the century; was in the commission of the peace for Cornwall in 1509; was appointed judge of the common pleas, 26 April 1513, and was knighted before 1517. He was summoned to the first three parliaments of Henry VIII's reign; helped to arbitrate with Wolsey and others in a land suit between the corporation of Norwich and the convent of Christchurch, and took part in the preliminary investigation into the charges against Edward Stafford, duke of Buckingham, in 1521. Elyot died after February 1522. His will, proved 26 May following, directs his body to be buried in Salisbury Cathedral, near which he owned property, but it is not known if this direction was carried out. By his first wife Elyot had two children, the famous Sir Thomas Elyot [q. v.], and Marjory, wife of Robert, son of Sir George Puttenham of Sherfield, near Basingstoke. About 1512 Elyot married his second wife, Elizabeth, widow of Richard Fetiplace, and daughter and heiress of William Besilles, through whom he acquired property in Berkshire and Oxfordshire. His will contains many small bequests to religious foundations throughout England.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ely, William

​ELY, WILLIAM (d. 1609), catholic divine, brother of Dr. Humphrey Ely [q. v.], was born in Herefordshire, and educated at Brasenose College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1546, and M.A. in 1549 (Boase, Register of the Univ. of Oxford, p. 212). In 1552 he was appointed one of the clerks of the market. When Cranmer was brought to the stake to be burnt at Oxford, he took leave of some of his friends standing by, and seeing Ely among them went to shake him by the hand, but the latter, drawing back, said it was not lawful to salute heretics, especially one who falsely returned to the opinions he had forsworn (Foxe, Acts and Monuments, ed. Townsend, viii. 89). Ely entered into holy orders, supplicated for the degree of B.D. 21 June 1557, and had a preaching license under the seal of the university 25 Nov. 1558. He was always a catholic at heart, though he conformed for a while ‘in hopes that things would take another turn.’ In 1559 he was appointed the second president of St. John's College, Oxford, by Sir Thomas White, its founder, but about 1563 he was removed from that office on account of his refusal to acknowledge the supremacy of the queen over the church of England. Thereupon he retired to the continent, and on his return became a laborious missioner in his own county of Hereford. At length being apprehended he was committed to Hereford gaol, where he spent the remainder of his life. In a report sent to the privy council in 1605 the high sheriff of Herefordshire says: ‘Mr. Elie, a prisoner there [at Hereford], is a setter forward of their [the jesuits'] desperate designs with all his might, having such liberty as that he rideth up and down the country as he listes.’ He died in the prison at a great age in 1609, ‘being then accounted by those of his persuasion a most holy confessor.’ Dodd says that ‘his years and strictness of his morals made him both fear'd ​and respected, not only by those of his own persuasion, but by most others: who never durst utter anything unbecoming a christian in his presence’ (Church Hist. ii. 71).
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Elviden, Edmund

​ELVIDEN, EDMUND (fl. 1570), poet, was the author of three poetical works of extreme rarity:
* 'A Neweyere's gift to the Rebellious Persons in the North partes of England; primo Januar. 1570,' sm. 8vo, black letter, pp. 20, 'printed at London in Powles Churchyard, at the signe of Love and Death, by Richard Watkins.'
* 'The Closit of Counsells, conteining the advyse of Divers Wyse Philosophers touchinge sundrye morall matters in Poesies, Preceptes, Prouerbes, and Parables, translated and collected out of divers aucthours into English verse,' 1569, 8vo, London.
* 'The most excellent and pleasant Metaphoricall History of Pesistratus and Catanea,' 8vo, London, n.d. The only known copy of the latter work, which is quoted by Todd in his edition of Milton, is in the library of the Earl of Ellesmere; the British Museum possesses none of the three books. Of Elviden's personal history nothing is known. From the closing lines of his 'Neweyere's Gift,'
This wrote your frende, a wyshynge frende Unto his natyve soil,
it would seem that he was a north-countryman.
[Corser's Collect. Anglo-Poet. pt. vi. p. 341; Lowndes's Bibliograph. Man.]
A. V.
# Delaware Lackawanna Western Railroad Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
231 U.S. 363
Delaware Lackawanna Western Railroad Company v. United States
Argued: October 17, 1913. --- Decided: December 1, 1913
Mr. W. S. Jenney for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 363-367 intentionally omitted]
Assistant to the Attorney General Todd for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from page 367 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice Lamar delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Delaware Indians v. Cherokee Nation

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
193 U.S. 127
Delaware Indians v. Cherokee Nation
Argued: December 1, 2, 1903. --- Decided: February 23, 1904
Messrs. Walter S. Logan and Charles M. Demond for appellants.
Messrs. William T. Hutchings and John J. Hemphill for appellee.
Mr. Justice Day delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fawkes, Walter Ramsden

1904 Errata appended.
​FAWKES, WALTER RAMSDEN (1769–1825), miscellaneous writer, born at Hawksworth, Yorkshire, in 1769, was the eldest son of Walter Beaumont Fawkes, the head of an old West Riding family. Early in life Walter Fawkes became an active member of the advanced section of the whig party, being M.P. for the county of York from 1806 to 1807. He took a prominent part in the anti-slave trade movement, and spoke effectively in the debate which preceded the passing of Wilberforce's measure. In 1823 he filled the office of high sheriff of Yorkshire. He was a man of varied intellectual gifts, a cultivated writer, and, above all, a great lover and patron of the fine arts. In 1810 he published ‘The Chronology of the History of Modern Europe,’ in 1812 a ‘Speech on Parliamentary Reform,’ and in 1817 ‘The Englishman's Manual; or, a Dialogue between a Tory and a Reformer;’ in all of which he set forth his political views and leanings with much perspicuity. He will be best remembered, however, as the intimate friend and one of the earliest patrons of Turner, the artist. Turner had a welcome and a home at Farnley Hall, Fawkes's Wharfedale residence, whenever he chose to go, and used to spend months at a time there. Mr. Ruskin has borne eloquent testimony to the influence of Fawkes, Farnley, and Wharfedale on the genius of Turner, and the Turner collection still existing at Farnley Hall contains about two hundred of the artist's choicest works. Fawkes was also a keen agriculturist. He did much towards the improvement of his estates, and was very successful as a breeder of cattle, his shorthorns being known abroad as well as in England. In conjunction with Mr. Jonas Whitaker of Burley-in-Wharfedale and the Rev. J. A. Rhodes of Horsforth he founded the Otley Agricultural Society, one of the first of its kind in England. The park which he formed at Caley Hall was stocked with red and fallow deer, zebras, wild hogs, and a species of deer from India. He greatly enlarged the family mansion at Farnley, which he adorned with many collections. He married Maria, daughter of Robert Grimston of Neswick, and left a large family, dying in London on 24 Oct. 1825, and being buried in the family vault at Otley.
J. B-y.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.121 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 269 | i | 12 | Fawkes, Walter R.: for 1802 read 1806 |
| | | 7 f.e. | for Keswick read Neswick |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fead, George

​FEAD, GEORGE (1729?–1815), lieutenant-general, colonel-commandant fourth battalion royal artillery, entered the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, as a cadet 1 Sept. 1756, became a lieutenant-fireworker royal artillery 8 June 1756, second lieutenant 1760, first lieutenant 1764, captain-lieutenant 1771, captain 1779, brevet major 1783, regimental major 1792, lieutenant-colonel 1793, brevet colonel 1797, regimental colonel 1799, major-general 1803, lieutenant-general 1810. As a lieutenant-fireworker he was present at the famous siege of Louisburg, Cape Breton, in 1758. He was afterwards taken prisoner at Newfoundland, but exchanged. Returning a second time to America he served there six or seven years, part of the time at Pensacola. He served in Minorca from 1774 to 1781, and commanded the artillery during the memorable defence of Fort St. Philip from August 1780 to February 1781, during which he lost an eye by the bursting of a shell. He was one of the witnesses on the trial of Lieutenant-general Hon. James Murray, the governor, on charges preferred by Sir William Draper [q. v.] He went to Newfoundland a second time in 1790, and in 1794 served under the Duke of York in Flanders. He went to Jamaica in 1799 and commanded the artillery there many years. He was made lieutenant-governor of Port Royal in 1810. Fead died at his residence, Woolwich Common, 20 Nov. 1815, in the eighty-sixth year of his age and the fifty-eighth of his military service, thirty years of which had been passed abroad. He had nine sons in the service, several of whom were killed or died on duty abroad.
[Kane's List of Officers Roy. Art. (rev. ed., Woolwich, 1869), in which General Fead's name is spelt ‘Fade,’ while those of his sons in the regiment appear as ‘Fead.’ The latter is the Army List spelling. See also Minutes Roy. Art. Institution, xiv. 172.]
H. M. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fearchair Fada II

​FEARCHAIR FADA (the Long) or FERCHARDUS II (d. 697) was the fifty-fourth king of Scottish Dalriada, according to the fictitious chronology of Boece and Buchanan, but the twelfth reckoning from Fergus the son of Earc, according to the rectified list of Father Innes. Buchanan has given a dark but imaginary portrait of this king, whom he represents as given up to every vice, closing his account with declaring that ‘Scotland groaned under this monster eighteen years.’ We really know very little of him, though there seems no doubt he was an historical character. Mr. Skene's conjectural reconstruction of this period is that the kingdom of Dalriada fell into anarchy after the death of Donald Breac, 643, and was subject to the Britons, who killed that king at Strathcarron, West Lothian, but that both Britons and Scots were under subjection to the Northumbrian Angles. He further supposes that during this anarchy Fearchair Fada, the head of the clan Baedan, part of the larger tribe of Cinel Eochagh, a subdivision of the Cinel Lorn, took the lead in the attempt to throw off the yoke of the Britons and Angles. He was at first defeated in 678 by the Britons, but the issue of several other battles, one perhaps on the island of Jura, is not mentioned in the scanty entries of the Irish chronicles, probably because indecisive. In 683, in conjunction with Bredei, or Brude, son of Bile, the Pictish king of Fortrenn, he took part in the siege of Dunadd, the fort in the moss of Crinan, which had been the chief strength of the Dalriads, and in the recovery of Dundurn, a fort on the east of Loch Earn, the stronghold of the men of Fortrenn. Egfrid, the king of the Northumbrian Angles, roused by these successes of the united Picts and Scots, which drove back the Anglian advance in Scotland, invaded the Pictish territory, and was slain at Nechtansmere in 685, as a result of which Bæda states: ‘The Picts recovered their territory, and the Scots in Britain and a certain part of the Britons received their liberty.’
The death of Fearchair Fada is recorded by the ‘Annals of Ulster’ in 697, and from the mention in the same annals of the violent death of descendants of Donald Breac, about the same period, Skene conjectures that there was no king of the whole of Scottish Dalriada, but rival chiefs of the tribe or clan of Lorn and Gabran, to the former of which tribe Fearchair, and to the latter Donald Breac and his descendants, representing the direct line of Fergus the son of Earc, belonged.
Æ. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fearchair I

​FEARCHAIR or FERCHARDUS I (622?–636?), the fifty-second king of Scottish Dalriada, according to the fictitious chronology of Boece and Buchanan, but the ninth according to the rectified list of Father Innes, reckoning from Fergus the son of Earc, is supposed by Buchanan to have been a son of Eugenius Eochadh Buidhe (the Yellow), who reigned between Conadh (Kenneth) Kerr and the more famous Donald IV (Breac) [q. v.], another son of Eochadh Buidhe. Skene, who conjectured in a note to the ‘Chronicles of the Picts and Scots’ that he may have reigned with or followed Donald Breac (preface cxii), omits him from the line of Dalriad kings in his ‘History of Celtic Scotland.’ The existence of another Fearchair II, called Fada (the Long) [q. v.], makes it not impossible that the chroniclers made two kings out of one. Buchanan's biography of Fearchair I and II is quite imaginary, and we know nothing of this king except that his name appears in the list of kings in the register of the priory of St. Andrews (Innes, app. 5) and other old lists as distinct from Fearchair Fada. In several of these he is called the son of Eroin.
Æ. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Feargal

​FEARGAL (d. 785). [See Fergil.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Fearn, Henry Noel-

​FEARN, HENRY NOEL-. [See Christmas, Henry, 1811–1868.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clare, John (1577-1628)

​CLARE, JOHN (1577–1628), jesuit, was born in Wiltshire in 1677, entered the Society of Jesus in 1604 or 1605, and was professed of the four vows in 1618. He became prefect of studies both at Louvain and the English college, Rome; and was also professor of sacred scripture at Louvain. For some years he served the ‘college’ of St. Francis Xavier (the North and South Wales district) and was rector of that college at the time of his death on 4 June 1628. He was a very learned man, and had prepared for the press a controversial work, but died before it was printed. This was apparently ‘The Converted Iew, or certaine dialogves beween Micheas, a learned Iew, and others, touching diuers points of Religion, controuerted betweene the Catholicks and Protestants. Written by M. Iohn Clare, a Catholicke Priest, of the Society of Iesus. Dedicated to the two Vniuersities of Oxford and Cambridge.’ No place, 1630, 4to. It has a long ‘Appendix, wherein is taken a short view containing a full answere of a pamphlet entitvled, A Treatise of the Perpetuall Visibility, and succession of the true Church in all ages [by George Abbot, archbishop of Canterbury] printed anno 1824.’ Dodd and Harris, misled by Wood, erroneously state that the author of ‘The ​Converted Jew' was an Irishman, whereas he expressly styles himself an ‘English Pryest.’ In the summary of deceased members of the Society of Jesus it is asserted that the book, though published in his name, was not really written by him.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 1228; Dodd's Church Hist. iii. 103; Ware’s Writers of Ireland (Harris), p 109; Oliver's Collections S. J. 68. 240; Backer's Bibl. des Ecrivains de la Compagnie de Jésus (1869), i. 1284; Foley’s Records, i. 132-3. iv. 401, 652. vii. 131; Historical MSS. Commission, 3rd Rep. 334; Catholic Miscellany (1823), ix. 33.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clare, Peter

​CLARE, PETER (1738–1786), was a London surgeon who wrote several treatises advocating a method of administering calomel by friction within the mouth as a remedy for venereal diseases. A medal by T. Holloway was struck in Clare's honour in 1779, with a finely executed portrait on one side, and on the other the words alluding to Clare's method: ‘Artem medendi Remed. ore absorpt. inv$^t$ et divulg$^t$.’ His principal writings, most of which were translated into French, were: 1. ‘Essay on the Cure of Abscesses by Caustic, and on the Treatment of Wounds and Ulcers,’ London, 1778. 2. ‘Method of Curing the Lues Venerea by the Introduction of Mercury into the System through the Orifices of the Absorbent Vessels,’ London, 1780. 3. ‘Treatise on Gonorrhœa,’ London, 1780. He died at Rugby 30 March 1786.
[Clare's Works; European Magazine, 1786, ix. 303; information from Dr. Norman Moore.]
G. T. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Clare, Ralph

1904 Errata appended.
​CLARE, Sir RALPH (1567–1670), an eminent royalist of Worcestershire, was the eldest son of Sir Francis Clare of Caldwall, and derived his pedigree from Osbert d°Abitot, who in the thirteenth century possessed various lands in that county. The estates descended in the female line to Simon Rice, a citizen of London, whose daughter and heiress married Simon Clare of Kidderminster, the father of Sir Francis Clare. Sir Ralph Clare was buried in the chancel of Kidderminster, where there is the following inscription: ‘Here lieth the body of the hon. Sir Ralph Clare, eldest son unto Sir Francis Clare in this county, servant unto Prince Henry, knight of the Bath at the coronation of King Charles I, whom he attended through all his glorious fortunes. Servant to King Charles the Second both in his banishment and return; who being zealous in his loyalty to his prince, exemplary in his charity to the distressed, and of known integrity to all men, full of days and fame departed this life the fourscore and fourth year of his age, and on 21st. April 1670.' In the cause of Charles he spent all his fortune. He took a prominent part in the defence of Worcester in 1642, and at the battle of Worcester in 1655 was taken prisoner and confined for a time in Worcester gaol. As his estates had been Ruined by his loyalty, a warrant was issued 30 Aug. 1664 for the payment to him of 3,000l. for services rendered to the last two kings (State Papers, Dom. 1663-4, p. 675). He was astrong supporter of episcopacy, and by his influence in Kidderminster did much to impede the labours of Richard Baxter, who says of him that he was the ruler of the vicar of Kidderminster, and all the business there was done by Sir Ralph Clare. At the Restoration he objected to Baxter’s retention of the living or curacy of Kidderminster, although Lord Clarendon engaged for a handsome stipend to be paid to Mr. Dance, the vicar. Baxter, though he suffered severely from Clare’s opposition, had a high appreciation of his character. He says: ‘He more to hinder my greater successes than a multitude of others could have done, though he was an old man of great courtship and civility, and very temperate as to diet, apparel and sports, and seldom would swear any louder than by his troth, and showed me much personal ​reverence and respect beyond my desert, and we conversed together with much love and familiarity.' There is an etching of Sir Ralph Clare in Nash's 'Worcestershire,' ii. 44, from an original picture in the possession of the late Francis Clare of Caldwall.
T. F. H.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.66 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 388 | ii | 32 | Clare, Sir Ralph: before In the cause insert He was M.P. for Droitwich in 1621 and for Bewdley in 1624, 1625, 1626, 1627-8 |
| | | 35 | for 1655 read 1651 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Eliott, Daniel

​ELIOTT, Sir DANIEL (1798–1872), Indian civilian, fourth son of Sir William Eliott, sixth baronet of Stobs, Roxburghshire, was born on 3 March 1798. He was educated at the Edinburgh Academy, and, having received a nomination for the East India Company's civil service, proeeeded to Madras in 1817. He soon showed a decided aptitude for the study of Indian languages and Indian law. In 1822 he was appointed deputy Tamil translator, and in 1823 Maráthá translator to the Madras government, and deputy secretary to the board of revenue. In 1827 he became secretary to the board of revenue, and in 1836 a member of the board. In December 1838 he was nominated, on account of his profound knowledge of the laws and customs of the ​Madras presidency, to be the Madras member of the Indian law commission then sitting at Calcutta under the presidency of Macaulay to draw up the Indian codes. On 15 Feb. 1848 he was appointed a member of the council at Madras, and in 1850 became president of the revenue, marine, and college boards of that government, and he returned to England in 1853 on completing his five years in that office. He did not expect to return to India, but when the East India Company decided in 1854 to form a supreme legislative council for all India, Eliott was appointed to represent Madras upon it. He accepted and remained in Calcutta as member of the legislative council until 1859, when he left India finally. When the order of the Star of India was extended in 1866, and divided into three classes, Eliott was the first Madras civilian to receive the second class, and he became a K.C.S.I. in 1867. Eliott, who married in 1818 Georgina, daughter of General George Russell of the Bengal army, and left a family of four sons and six daughters, died at The Boltons, West Brompton, on 30 Oct. 1872.
H. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Eliot, Francis Perceval

​ELIOT, FRANCIS PERCEVAL (1756?–1818), writer on finance, born about 1756, entered the civil service, and was at the time of his death and for many years previously one of the commissioners of audit at Somerset House. He took a very great interest in the volunteer yeomanry service, was successively major and colonel of the Staffordshire volunteer cavalry, and wrote, with reference to that movement, 'Six Letters on the subject of the Armed Yeomanry,' 1794; new edition, 1797. Eliot died at Portman Street, London, on 23 Aug. 1818. He was married and had a large family. He wrote:
* 'Demonstration, or Financial Remarks, with occasional Observations on Political Occurrences,' 1807.
* 'Observations on the Fallacy of the supposed Depreciation of the Paper Currency of the Kingdom, with Reasons for dissenting from the Report of the Bullion Committee,' 1811; new edition, with answers to criticisms, same year.
* 'Letters on the Political and Financial Situation of the British Empire in the years 1814, 1815, and 1816,' addressed to the Earl of Liverpool, and published in the 'Pamphleteer' of those dates. Eliot was engaged at the time of his death in writing largely for the 'Ægis,' a weekly paper in which he was interested.
[Gent. Mag. October 1818, p. 378; Observations, p. 3; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
F. W-t.