OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Campbell, Charles Hay

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​CAMPBELL, CHARLES HAY ( ? –1832)
Major, son of William Campbell : entered the Bengal Artillery in 1805 : served under Lord Lake : was, in 1801, Adjutant and Quarter-master of Artillery : held other appointments on the General Staff of the Army : Deputy Secretary in the Military Department and in charge of the Cossipur Gun Factory : wrote, in the British Indian Military Repository, papers on professional subjects, including the History of Sieges in Bengal : he died May 19. 1832.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Caldwell, Sir James Lillyman

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​CALDWELL, SIR JAMES LILLYMAN (1770–1863)
Son of Major Arthur Caldwell, and nephew of General Sir Alexander Caldwell (q.v.) : born Nov. 22, 1770 : joined the Madras Engineers of the E. I. Co. in 1789 : became General, 1854 : was in the Mysore campaign of 1791–2 under Lord Cornwallis against Tippoo and in all the fighting up to the siege of Seringapatam in Feb-March, 1792 : led a party in the final assault on Seringapatam on May 4, 1799. After 10 years on civil public works, he was, in 1810–11, Chief Engineer on the expedition to Mauritius : defeated the French by sea and took the island. In Madras, from 18 11, he had more engineering work, and was special Surveyor of ​fortresses : C.B. in 1815 : was Commissioner for the restoration of French settlements on the Coromandel and Malabar coasts, and Chief Engineer of Madras in 1816 : retired in 1837 and was made K.C.B. : and G.C.B., 1848 : died June 28, 1863. He painted in water-colours with great skill.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Cama, Pestonji Hormusji

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​CAMA, PESTONJI HORMUSJI (1805–1893)
Son of Hormusji Cama : of a Gujarat Parsi family; in commercial partnership with his brothers, 1828 to 1871 : the Cama family established the first Indian house of business in London, in 1855 : Pestonji Cama led a retired life : made a large trust for charitable purposes : and gave Rs. 164,000 for the Cama Hospital for Females and Children in Bombay : a staunch supporter of native female education : warmly interested in the cause of reform and progress in native movements : promoted the Victoria Gardens, and various associations for the advancement of natives : an early Freemason : C.I.E., 1887 : died about Jan. 21, 1893.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Cameron, John Alexander

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​CAMERON, JOHN ALEXANDER ( ? –1885)
Went out to India in a merchant's house : acted as Editor of the Bombay Gazette : was a special war-correspondent in the Afghan war, 1878, on the Kandahar side : went out to the battle-field of Maiwand, July 27, 1880 : was similarly employed as correspondent in Egypt, Madagascar, Tonquin, the Nile expedition, from 1880–5 : killed in the fighting after Abuklea on Jan. 18, 1885 : a tablet put up to his memory in St. Paul's Cathedral.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Callcott, Maria, Lady

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​CALLCOTT, MARIA, LADY (1785–1842)
Daughter of Rear-Admiral George Dundas, whom she accompanied to India early in 1808 : she married Capt. Thomas Graham, R.N., 1809 : and travelled in India : returned to England, 1811 : sailed with her husband for S. America in 1821 : he died off Cape Horn in 1822 : she manied, in 1827, Augustus Wall Callcott, R.A., who was knighted on the Queen's Accession, 1837 : she died Nov. 28, 1842 : she wrote, as Maria Graham, Journal of a Residence in India, 1812 Letters on India, 1814, besides other works on travels, etc. : including Little Arthur's History of England, 1835.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Cameron, Charles Hay

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​CAMERON, CHARLES HAY (1795–1880)
Barrister : son of Charles Cameron : born on Feb. 11, 1795 : called to the bar from Lincoln's Inn, 1820 : was a Commissioner on judicial affairs in Ceylon, and the poor-laws, in 1831–3 : after the statute of 1833, he was appointed Member of the Law Commission and went to India in 1835 : co-operated in law-making and codification with Macaulay, the Legal Member : was in 1843 himself Legal Member of the Supreme Council till 1848 : and President of the Council of Education : retired in 1848 : went to Ceylon in 1875, and died there. May 8, 1880.
# Dictionary of Indian Biography/Camac, Jacob

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​CAMAC, JACOB ( ? – ? )
In the 84th regt. till 1763 : Lieutenant, Oct., 1763 : commanded the 24th Bengal Infantry from 1766 for many years at Ramghar : served in 1779 under Popham against Sindia, whom he defeated at Durdah : Lt-Colonel, Jan., 1781 : retired, Dec. 2, 1782 : died of fever in Ireland.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Belson, John

​BELSON, JOHN (fl. (1688), was a catholic gentleman, much esteemed on account of his knowledge of history and controversial ​matters. He rendered great assistance to White, Austin, Thomas Blount, John Sergeant, and several other learned writers of his time. He was living in 1688. Among other works he left a controversial treatise concerning tradition, entitled 'Tradidi vobis.'
[Dodd's Church Hist. iii. 468.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Beltz, George Frederick

​BELTZ, GEORGE FREDERICK (1777–1841), Lancaster herald, was for many years employed in the office of the Garter king of arms. He became gentleman usher of the scarlet rod of the order of the Bath, and Brunswick herald in 1814, in succession to Sir Isaac Heard. In 1813 he was secretary to the mission sent to invest the Emperor of Russia with the order of the Garter, and in 1814 he performed a similar office at the investiture of the Emperor of Austria. After being portcullis pursuivant from 1817 to 1822 he was appointed Lancaster herald. In 1826 he was made a companion of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic order, of which order he was honoured with knighthood in 1836. Mr. Beltz, who was an executor for the widow of David Garrick, wrote a memoir of Mrs. Garrick in the 'Gentleman's Magazine' for November 1822, and he contributed papers on archaeological subjects to the 'Gentleman's Magazine (1822), to the 'Retrospective Review' (1823), and to vols, xxv., xxvii., and xxviii. of the 'Archæologia of the Society of Antiquaries (1833-39). Many of the elaborate pedigrees in Sir R. C. Hoare's 'History ​of Wiltshire' were compiled by him.
In 1834 he published, in an octavo volume, 'A Review of the Chandos Peerage Case, adjudicated 1803, and of the pretensions of Sir Samuel Egerton Brydges, Bart., to designate himself per Legem Terre Baron Chandos of Sudeley,' in which the emptiness of those pretensions is shown, His only other work was issued in 1841, under the title of 'Memorials of the Order of the Garter, from its Foundation to the Present Time.' He was engaged in this work during many years, and only survived its publication by a few months. He was attacked by his last illness while on a tour on the continent, and died at Basle 28 Oct. 1841, aged about 64, and was interred in the cemetery of the parish of St. Peter there.
[Gent. Mag. January 1842. p. 107.]
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ben, James

​BEN, BANE, BENE, BENNET, or BIORT, JAMES (d. 1332), bishop of St. Andrews, was trained from his youth for the church. As archdeacon of St. Andrews he was sent to France in 1325, along with three other dignitaries, to renew an offensive and defensive alliance with that country. In the original document his name occurs as Bene; he is subsequently mentioned as Sir James Bane; by Fordun he is called Jacobus Benedicti; while the name on his tombstone was Jacobus dominus de Biurt. On 19 June 1328 he was elected by the canons to the bishopric of St. Andrews, in succession to Bishop Lamberton, the other name proposed being that of Sir Alexander Kinninmouth, archdeacon of Lothian. The bishops of St. Andrews were accustomed to officiate at the coronation of the Scottish kings, but Bishop Ben was the first to perform the ceremony of anointing them by special authority of the pope. This he did in the case of David II and his queen Johanna at Scone in 1331. In Lyon's 'History of St. Andrews' (i. 12) there is a copy of a mandate ​issued by Bishop Ben from Inchmuriah (now Smiddy Green, a few miles south of St. Andrew's on Pitmillyburn), where the bishops then had their residence, against the carrying away of stones from the rock next the sea on the north side of the cathedral church. In this document the bishop's name occurs as Sir James de Bane. Soon after the coronation of David he was made chamberlain of Scotland; but on its invasion by Edward Baliol and the disinherited barons be fled to Bruges in Flanders, where he died 22 Sept. 1332. He was buried in the abbey of the canons regular of Eokchot or Akewood, where a tomb was erected to him with the following inscription: 'Ilic jacet bonæ memoriæ Jacobus dominus de Biurt, episcopus Sti Andreæ in Scotia, nostre religionis, qui obiit anno Domini millesimo tricentesimo trigesimo secundo, vigesimo secundo die Septembris. Orate pro eo.'
[Fordun's Scotichron.; Theiner's Vet. Mon. Hib. et Scot. pp. 244, 245; Mem. Scot. Coll. Paris; Crawford's Lives of the Officers of State in Scotland. i. 286; Bishop Gordon's Ecclesiastical Chronical of Scotland, I 189-95,]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Benazech, Charles

​BENAZECH, CHARLES (1767?–1794), portrait and historical painter, the son of Peter Paul Benazech [q. v.], was born in London about 1767. In 1782, at the age of fifteen, he went to Rome, and on his way home stayed for a time in Paris, where he studied under Greuze, and witnessed the Outbreak of the French Revolution. This eventful period furnished him with the subjects of four pictures by which he became known: 'The Address of Louis XVI at the Bar of the National Convention.' 'The Separation of Louis XVI from his Family,' 'The Last Interview between Louis XVI and his Family,' and 'Louis XVI ascending the Scaffold.' These have been engraved by Luigi Schiavonetti. He (minted also 'The Last Interview between Charles I and his Children,' engraved by T. Gaugein, as well as some subjects from the poets and several good portraits. He was a member of the Florentine Academy, and exhibited at the Royal Academy in London in the years 1790 and 1791. He likewise engraved a few plates in aquatint, including the 'Couronnement de la Rosière,' in which he attempted to imitate the manner of Debucourt;, and also some portraits after himself, as well as two of Henry IV, king of France, and Sully, after Pourbus, which are signed with the fictitious name of Frieselheim. He died in London in the summer of 1794, in the twenty-seventh year of his age.
[Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists, 1878; Meyer's Allgemaines Künstler-Lexikon, 1872, &c., iii. 501; Portalis and Béraldi's Graveure du Dix-huitième Siècle. 1880-2, i. 158.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Benazech, Peter Paul

​BENAZECH, PETER PAUL (1744?–1783?), line-engraver, is said to have been born in England about the year 1744. He was a pupil of Francis Vivarès, and worked as a draughtsman and engraver both in London and in Paris, His engravings are tastefully executed, and consist chiefly of landscapes and marine subjects, the best being those after Dietrich and Joseph Vernet. He engraved also a series of anatomical plates, a set of seven scenes from the Seven Years' War, and, in conjunction with Canot, four plates of engagements between the English and French fleets, after Francis Swaine. Besides these he engraved 'Peasants playing at Bowls,' after Adriaan van Oslade, and views in England after Chatelain and Brooks. The year of his death is not known, but his latest dated plate is 'The Tomb of Virgil,' after Hugh Dean, engraved in 1783.
[Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists, 1878; Mayer's Allgemaines Künstler-Lexikon, 1872, &c, iii, 500-1; Portalis and Béraldi's Graveure du Dix-huitième Siècle, 1880-2, i. 157.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Belson, Thomas

​BELSON, THOMAS (d. 1589), a catholic gentleman, born at Brill, the seat of his family in Oxfordshire, studied in the English college at Rheims, which he left for England on 5 April 1584. He was apprehended at Oxford in the company of George Nicols and Richard Yaxley, priests, and, having been convicted on the charge of assisting them, he was executed on 5 July 1589.
[Diaries of Douay College, 201, 296; Dodd's Church Hist. ii. 151; Challoner's Missionary priests (1741), i. 247.]
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ben Israel, Manasseh

​BEN ISRAEL, MANASSEH. [See Manasseh.]
# Dead Youth

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Dead Youth."
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* Dead youth, a poem by Otakar Březina
* Dead Youth, a poem by Ewart Alan Mackintosh
# Dead Souls—A Poem/front matter

​Translated by Constance Garnett
THE TALES OF ANTON TCHEHOV
| I. | THE DARLING, &c. |
| II. | THE DUEL, &c. |
| III. | THE LADY WITH THE DOG, &c. |
| IV. | THE PARTY, &c. |
| V. | THE WIFE, &c. |
| VI. | THE WITCH, &c. |
| VII. | THE BISHOP, &c. |
| VIII. | THE CHORUS GIRL, &c. |
| IX. | THE SCHOOLMISTRESS, &c. |
| X. | THE HORSE-STEALERS, &c. |
| XI. | THE SCHOOLMASTER, &c. |
| XII. | THE COOK'S WEDDING, &c. |
| XIII. | LOVE, &c. |
St. Martin's Library Edition. Pott 8vo. In Cloth and Leather.
THE PLAYS OF ANTON TCHEHOV
TWO VOLUMES.
St. Martin's Library Edition. Pott 8vo. In Cloth and Leather.
LETTERS OF ANTON TCHEHOV
ONE VOLUME.
Containing a short Biography of the Author and 7 Portraits. Demy 8vo.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Armine, Mary

1904 Errata appended.
​ARMINE or ARMYNE, Lady MARY (d. 1675–6), remarkable for her learning, piety, and benevolence, was the daughter of Henry Talbot, fourth son of George, sixth Earl of Shrewsbury, and second wife of Sir William Armyne, baronet, of Osgodby, Lincolnshire [q. v.]. Her first husband was Thomas Holcroft, Esq. Lady Mary's accomplishments included a good knowledge of French and Latin, and wide reading in divinity and history. Her business capacity is applauded at length by her biographer, and her personal beauty and activity, which characterised her old age no less remarkably than her youth, were frequently commented on by her contemporaries. She devoted her wealth to many charitable objects. At the time of the 'ejection of the two thousand' ministers' on the fatal Bartholomew day [1662] she gave 500l. to Mr. Edm. Calamy, to be distributed among the most indigent and necessitous families of them,' and the 'godly ministers' seldom appealed to her in vain for assistance in pecuniary difficulties. She took a similarly practical interest in the missionaries engaged in converting the Indians of North America. At home, she founded three hospitals, one at Barton Grange, in Yorkshire, and by her will left 40l. per annum to be applied to charitable purposes for ninety-nine years. She died 6 March 1675-6, over eighty years of age. Her portrait was painted by Cornelius Jansen, and is now at Welbeck. An elegy 'upon the much-lamented death of the truly honourable, very aged, and singularly pious lady, the Lady Mary Armine' was written by John Sheffield, afterwards Duke of Buckinghamshire.
S. L. L.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.8 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 87 | i | 40 | Armine, or Armyne, Lady Mary: for Lady Mary read Mary, Lady |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Armitage, Timothy

​ARMITAGE, TIMOTHY (d. 1655), was in the year 1647 'chosen pastor of the first independent [or congregational] church in the city of Norwich.' This was a kind of offshoot or migration from that of the venerable William Bridge's church at Yarmouth. It was erected into a 'separate congregation' on 10 June 1644, 'in the presence of several of their brethren from Yarmouth, who signified their approbation by expressions of the most tender and endeared affection.' The members of both congregations had been exiles in Holland and elsewhere. They returned home on the outbreak of the great civil war. Armitage laboured most unweariedly until his nonconformist congregation was larger than any in the city. He was superintendent (in connection with Bridge) of numerous nonconformist congregations in Norfolk and Suffolk. The following is the title-page of an unusually scarce book by him: 'A Tryall of Faith, or the Woman of Canaan on Matthew xv. 21-24. Together with the Souls Sure Anchor-hold on Hebrews vi. 19, with the Wisedome of timely remembring our Creator on Eccles. xii. 1. In severall Sermons by Timothy Armitage, Late Minister of the Gospel in Norwitch' (1661), pp. vi, 479. He died in December 1655.
A. B. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Armstrong, George

​ARMSTRONG, GEORGE, M.D. (fl. 1767), brother of John Armstrong, the poet, after practising pharmacy at Hampstead, qualified himself as a physician, removed to London, and established in 1769 a dispensary, supported by contributions, for the relief of poor children. This beneficentinstitution continued to exist for more than twelve years, and it was calculated that not less than 35,000 children were relieved during that time. But it met with small pecuniary support, and in December 1781 its career of usefulness was closed. In 1767 he published an 'Essay on the Diseases most fatal to Infants;' a second edition appeared in 1771, and a third edition, dedicated to Queen Charlotte, in 1777. An enlarged edition appeared in 1808, edited by A. P. Buchan, M.D. To the third edition was appended 'A General Account of the Dispensary for the Infant Poor,' which had been printed, in a shorter form, in 1772. Armstrong claimed that 'no charitable institution was ever established whereby so much good has been done, or so many lives saved at so small an expense,' as by the dispensary he had founded. He dwells with emphasis on the fact that it was the only institution where children were received 'without any letters of admission, provided the parents are really indigent, the case dangerous, and requiring speedy relief.' The date of his death is unknown. In 'Rees's Cyclopaedia' he is said to have died 'in obscurity.' He left three daughters (to whom their uncle had bequeathed his property) and a widow.
A. H. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Armstrong, John (1673-1742)

1904 Errata appended.
​ARMSTRONG, JOHN, F.R.S. (1673–1742), became major-general and quartermaster-general of the forces, colonel of the royal regiment of foot in Ireland, surveyor-general of the ordnance and his majesty's chief engineer, and was elected fellow of the Royal Society on 2 May 1723. He appears to be the person who, as 'Colonel John Armstrong, Chief Engineer of England,' was the author of part of a work entitled a 'Report with Proposals for draining the Fens and amending the Port of King's Lynn and of Cambridge and the rest of the trading towns in those parts and the navigable rivers that have their course through the great level of the Fens called Bedford Level.' In 'Watt's Bibliotheca Britannica' the authorship of the whole work is ascribed to Colonel John Armstrong, but it is evident that the compiler of the 'Proposals for draining the Fens' was Thomas Badesdale, and that Colonel Armstrong was only the author of the 'Report.'
[Musgrave's MS. Biographical Advertiser, 5718, and Obituary 5727 in British Museum; Gent. Mag. xii. p. 219; London Mag. 1742, p. 205; Thompson's History of the Royal Society, Appendix, p. 35; Badesdale's History of the Ancient and Present State of the Navigation of the Port of King's Lynn, &c.]
A. S. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.8 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 94 | i | 23 f.e. | Armstrong, John (1673-1742): for 1673 read 1674 |
| | | 21 f.e. | after 1742) insert 'Chief Engineer of England, born at Ballyard, King's Co., 31 March 1674, was eldest son of Robert Armstrong, who married Lydia, daughter of Michael Howard of Ballyard. He saw much active service under the Duke of Marlborough and Prince Eugene. He |
| 94 | i | 16-14 f.e. | for He appears . . . . England,' read He was quartermaster-general from Jan. 1712-3 and 'Chief Engineer of England,' from Nov. 1714 till his death on 25 Apr. 1742. In 1716, while Armstrong was surveyor-general of the ordnance, Woolwich Arsenal was founded, but though the development of the scheme owed much to his co-operation it is doubtful if it was initiated by him [see Schalch, Andrew]. He |
| | | l.l. | after the 'Report' insert He married on 20 Sept. 1714 Anne Priscilla, daughter of Major Burroughs, and left five daughters, of whom the second, Anne, became second wife of Benjamin Hoadly (1706-1757)[q. v.] |
| | ii | 2 f.e. 5 | $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,$ for Badesdale read Badeslade |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Armstrong, Cosmo

​ARMSTRONG, COSMO (fl. 1800–1836), line-engraver, was a pupil of Thomas Milton, the landscape-engraver. He was a governor of the Society of Engravers, and he exhibited with the Associated Engravers in 1821. He engraved some plates for Cooke's edition of the British Poets, Sharpe's edition of the British Classics, Kearsley's edition of Shakespeare, Suttaby's edition of the British Classics, Allason's 'Picturesque Views of the Antiquities of Pola,' 1819, and the 'Ancient Marbles in the British Museum.' Among his other works may be noticed 'Camaralzaman and Badoura' and 'The Sleeper awakened,' after Robert Smirke, for Miller's edition of the 'Arabian Nights,' published in 1802; 'Don Quixote's Combat with the Giant Malumbruno,' also after Smirke, for Cadell's edition of 'Don Quixote,' issued in 1818; and small portraits of Michelangelo, Shakespeare, Charles I., after Van Dyck, Lord Byron, after Thomas Phillips, and George IV, after Sir Thomas Lawrence. Cosmo Armstrong possessed much power of execution, but was too irregular in his application and too eccentric in character to take the rank in his profession that he might otherwise have done. He was still living in 1836.
[Raimbach's Memoirs and Recollections, 1843, p. 36; Redgrave's Dictionary of Artists of the English School, 1878.]
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Buchanan, David (1745-1812)

​BUCHANAN, DAVID, the elder (1745–1812), printer and publisher, a descendant of the ancient family of Buchanan of Buchanan, was born at Montrose in 1746, and studied at the university of Aberdeen, where he graduated M.A. He began the business of printing in his native town at a time when the art was practised in few of the provincial towns of Scotland, and his enterprise as a publisher was also shown by the issue of good editions of the dictionaries of Johnson, Boyer, and Ainsworth. He abridged Johnson's dictionary for the earliest pocket edition ever printed. Among his other publications special mention may be made of his miniature series of English classics, also revised and corrected by himself. He died in 1812.
[Anderson's Scottish Nation.]
T. F. H.