OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Meiler

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Meiler. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Meiler, masculine, ‘charcoal-kiln,’ from late Middle High German meiler, mîler, masculine, ‘stack of wood for making charcoal’; the î of the Middle High German primary form is attested by Modern High German and Low German dialects. The word cannot be derived from Slavonic (Czech milíř, Polish mieleřz, ‘charcoal kiln,’ are themselves of German origin). Since it may have denoted originally a definite number of objects (compare Carinthian meiler, ‘a definite number of bars in a stack of pig-iron’), we might connect it with Latin mîliarium, ‘thousand’ (see the similar case of Decher).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Meineid

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Meineid. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Meineid, masculine, ‘false oath, perjury,’ from the equivalent Middle High German meincit, Old High German meincid, masculine; corresponding to Old Saxon mênêth, Dutch meineed, Anglo-Saxon mânâþ, Old Icelandic meineiðr, masculine, ‘perjury.’ It is the common Teutonic word for ‘false oath’; only Gothic *main-aiþs is wanting. The first component is an adjective (or rather an adjective used as a substantive), Middle High German and Old High German mein, ‘false, deceitful,’ as masculine and neuter ‘falsity, injustice, outrage.’ In Middle High German ein meiner was also used for ein meineit; compare Old Saxon mên, Anglo-Saxon mân, masculine, ‘falsity, crime, outrage,’ Old Icelandic mein, neuter ‘damage, injury, misfortune’ (allied to meinn, adjective, ‘hurtful’). Modern High German gemein Gothic gamains) does not seem to be directly akin, although Middle High German mein, ‘outrage,’ may have been the source of the bad sense attached to the modern word. They are, however, finally connected with Slavonic words for Tausch, ‘exchange’ (compare Tausch and. täuschen), Lithuanian maínas, ‘exchange,’ Old Slovenian měna, ‘change, alteration’ (Lettic nút, ‘to exchange’). In that case Latin commûnis and Gothic gamains (see gemein) would mean literally ‘being on a footing cf barter.’ It is probably not related to Latin mentîri.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Meister

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Meister. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Meister, masculine, ‘master, chief, leader,’ from Middle High German meister, masculine, ‘learned poet, meister-sänger (poets who were members of guilds), mayor, burgomaster,’ Old High German meistar; Old Saxon mêstar, Dutch meester, Anglo-Saxon mœgster. Borrowed from Latin magister, which in Middle Latin was applied to numerous offices. Compare further Italian maestro, French maître, English master, mister.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Meinung

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Meinung. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Meinung, feminine, ‘opinion, meaning,’ from Middle High German meinung, Old High German meinunga, feminine, ‘thought, disposition, view.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Werg

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Werg. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Werg, neuter, ‘tow, oakum,’ from the equivalent Middle High German wërch, wërc (for the double form compare Storch), Old High German wërah (hh), and wërc, neuter; also Old High German âwirihhi, âwurihhi, neuter, ‘tow, stuppa.’ The Old High German and Middle High German forms of Werg are identical with those of Werf, hence the former is usually derived from the latter; this, however, does not explain the development of meaning. Old High German âwurihhi, ‘tow,’ may be connected with Werf and wirken, since it means ‘the refuse produced by work.’ Perhaps the simple word was developed from the compound.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Werwolf

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Werwolf. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Werwolf, masculine, ‘werewolf,’ from the equivalent Middle High German wërwolf (not recorded in Old High German). It is undoubtedly based on an Old Teutonic word; compare Anglo-Saxon wërewulf, English ​werewolf. From the Anglo-Saxon word is derived Middle Latin guerulfus, Old French garou, whence by tautology Modern French loup-garou, ‘werewolf.’ The presupposed Old Teutonic werowulfo- means literally ‘man-wolf,’ i.e., a man who roams about in the form of a wolf (Greek λυκάνθρωπος). The first component is Old High German, Old Saxon, and Anglo-Saxon wër (Gothic waír), masculine, ‘man,’ primitively cognate with Latin vir, Sanscrit vîras, ‘man.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Werft

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Werft. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Werft (1.), masculine, ‘woof,’ from Middle High German and Old High German warf, neuter (compare Modern High German Hüfte from Middle High German huf), ‘warp, yarn, or thread for the warp.’ Corresponding to the equivalent Anglo-Saxon wearp, English warp, Old Icelandic varp, which are usually derived from the verb werfen. Lithuanian verpti, ‘to spin,’ is perhaps derived from the German word.
Werft (2.), £. and neuter, ‘wharf,’ Modern High German only; borrowed from Low German, like many nautical expressions; compare Dutch werf (scheepstimmerwerf), English wharf, and the equivalent Swedish varf. The word cannot, on account of the consonants, be connected with werfen. The cognates signify literally ‘work-place,’ and are related to the verbal root of werben (which see).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Werk

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Werk. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Werk, neuter, ‘work, deed, production,’ from the equivalent Middle High German wërc (wërch), Old High German wërc, wërah (hh), neuter; for the double forms compare the cognate Werg. Based on a common Teutonic werko-, ‘work,’ which is attested by Old Icelandic verk, Anglo-Saxon weorc, English work, Dutch and Old Saxon wërk. For further details concerning the root, to which Greek ἔργον is allied, see wirken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wermut

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Wermut. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wermut, masculine, ‘wormwood, bitterness,’ from the equivalent Middle High German wërmuot, wërmüete, feminine and neuter, Old High German wërmuota (wormuota), feminine. There is no clear etymological connection with Wurm, to which this uncompounded word (compare Armut) is instinctively allied (compare English wormwood, from Anglo-Saxon wërmôd, wormôd). Its relation to warm too is not certain.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wesen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Wesen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wesen, neuter, ‘being, creature, nature, disposition, manners,’ from Middle High German wësen, neuter, ‘sojourn, domestic affairs, manner of living, quality, situation.’ An infinit. used as a substantive; Middle High German wësen, Old High German wësan (to which the Modern High German preterite forms of the verb sein are allied), strong verb; corresponding to Gothic wisan, ‘to be, tarry, stay’ (Anglo-Saxon wësan; English was, belong to the sphere of grammar). The verbal rootves, ‘to be, abide,’ to which währen is allied, is found in non-Teutonic, in the Sanscrit root vas, ‘to stay, tarry, pass the night.’ — Allied to wesentlich adjective, ‘essential,’ from the equivalent Middle High German wësentîch (wësenlîch); the t is excrescent.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wergeld

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Wergeld. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wergeld, neuter, from the equivalent Middle High German wërgëld, ‘fine for slaughter,’ literally ‘man's, person’s money.’ For the first component compare Werwolf, Welt.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wespe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Wespe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wespe, feminine, ‘wasp,’ from the equivalent Middle High German węspe, earlier węfse, feminine (masculine), Old High German węfsa (earlier wafsa), feminine; a genuine Teutonic word; compare Anglo-Saxon wœfs, wœps, masculine, English wasp. Hence we must probably assume a Teutonic wafs-, beside which Teutonic wabis-, wabit-, is presupposed by Bavarian wębes, East Thuringian wêpschen, wêwetzchen (in West Thuringian wispel). Aryan wops- (wobhes-), which points to the verbal root weben (see Wiebel), is almost as widely diffused in the Aryan languages as Hornisse; OBret. guohi, ‘wasps’ (from wops-), Lithuanian vapsà, ‘gadfly,’ Old Slovenian vosa, ‘wasp,’ and probably also by gradation Latin vespa. In the Middle High German period a form vespe was borrowed from Latin vespa; on the other hand, French guêpe is probably due on account of its initial sound to German influence.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Wert

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Wert. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Wert (1.), masculine, equivalent to Werder, ‘river island.’
Wert (2.), masculine, ‘worth, value, price,’ from the equivalent Middle High German wërt (d), Old High German wërd, neuter, ‘price, costly articles, splendour’; compare Old Saxon wërð, ‘hero, reward,’ Gothic waírþs, ‘worth, price'; an adjective used as a substantive. Based on the adjective wert, ‘worth, dear,’ from Middle High German wërt (d), Old High German wërd, ‘costing a certain price, saleable at,’ then absolutely ‘of high worth, splendid, distinguished.’ Corresponding to Gothic waírþs, ‘worthy, fit,’ Anglo-Saxon weorþ, and English worth. On account of its meaning its connection with werden is improbable. Lithuanian wertas and Old Slovenian vrĕdŭ, with which it is sometimes compared, are probably Teutonic loanwords. It may be related to the Aryan root wor, ‘to regard, contemplate’ (see wahren), of which wert might be a participle derivative in the sense of ‘esteemed'; see also Ware.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Werder

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Werder. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Werder, masculine, ‘small island in a river,’ from Middle High German węrt (d), masculine, ‘island, peninsula,’ Old High German węrid, warid, feminine, ‘island.’ Corresponding to Anglo-Saxon waroð, ‘bank, shore,’ with Anglo-Saxon wœr, Old Icelandic ver, neuter, ‘sea’ (for the meaning compare Au). Its primitive kinship with Sanscrit vâr, ‘water,’ is not certain.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dehnen

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dehnen | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dehnen, vb., ‘to stretch, extend, lengthen,’ from MidHG. and OHG. denen, dennen, wk. vb., ‘to stretch, draw, strain’; comp. Goth. ufþanjan, ‘to extend’; AS. þenian, þennan, ‘to stretch.’ The Goth. þanjan is a deriv. of a str. vb. *þënan, like þakjan, ‘to cover,’ from a str. vb. *þëkan (Lat. tego); þanja and þëna are primit. cognate with Gr. τείνω. The root ten is widely diffused in the Aryan group. Sans. root tan, ‘to strain, widen, extend (of time), endure’; tántu-s, m., ‘thread,’ tánti-s, f., ‘line, rope’; Gr. τείνω, τάνυμαι, τάσις, τένων, ‘sinew,’ ταινία, ‘strip’; OSlov. teneto, tonoto, ‘cord,’ Lat. tenus, ‘cord,’ Lith. tìnklas, ‘net.’ The idea of extension is shown also by the root ten (Lat. teneo, tendo) in an old Aryan adj.; see dünn and Dohne. A figurative sense of the same root is seen in donnern; the evolution of meaning may be ‘extension—sound—noise.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/desto

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/desto | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ desto, adv., ‘so much the,’ from the equiv. MidHG. dëste, dëst, late OHG. dësde; in an earlier form two words, dës diu (dës, gen., diu, instr. of the art.); the Goth. word was simply þê (instr. of the art.); thus, too, AS. þŷ before comparatives, E. the (the more, desto mehr).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dengeln

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dengeln | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dengeln, vb., from the equiv. MidHG. tęngeln, ‘to sharpen by hammering, beat, hammer’; the ModHG. d points, as in the case of Deich, to a LG. influence; comp. AS. dęncgan, ‘to knock, ding,’ E. to ding. Akin to OHG. tangol, ‘hammer’; Goth. *diggwan, ‘to strike,’ indicated also by OSwed. diunga, ModSwed. dänga, is not recorded.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/denken

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/denken | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ denken, vb., ‘to think, call to mind, conceive, believe,’ from MidHG. dęnken, OHG. dęnchen, ‘to think, bear in mind, devise, excogitate’; corresponds to Goth. þagkjan (þankjan), ‘to consider, ponder, reflect,’ AS. þęncan. E. to think, is an intermediate form between AS. þęncan, ‘to think,’ and þyncan, ‘to seem.’ Denken is in form a factitive of dünken, which was originally a str. vb., meaning ‘to seem’; ‘to make a thing seem’ is ‘to consider, ponder.’ See dünken.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/denn

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/denn | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ denn, conj., ‘for,’ from MidHG. danne, dęnne, OHG. danne, danna; identical with dann.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/dein

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/dein | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ dein, pronom. adj., ‘thy,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. dîn, corresponds to Goth. þeins, AS. þîn, E. thy, thine; related to du.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/der

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/der | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ der, art., ‘the,’ formed from the OHG. and MidHG. demonstr. and relat. stem dë-; comp. Goth. þa-, Gr. το-, OInd. ta-. The details belong to grammar.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/deutsch

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/deutsch | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ deutsch, adj., ‘German,’ from the equiv. MidHG. diutsch, tiutsch; the initial d of the ModHG. and MidHG. words is MidG., the earlier form, teutsch (MidHG. tiutsch), is UpGer., and was, especially by the ​UpGer. writers, constantly used till the end of the last century. OHG. diutisk (for MidLat. theodiscus, the earliest records of the word are in the years 813, 842, 860), ‘German,’ properly only ‘pertaining to the people’ (OSax thiudisca liudi, ‘Teutons’); Goth. preserves the corresponding þiudiskô, adv., in the sense of ‘like a heathen’ (in close connection with Gr. ξθγικώς). The suffix isk denotes ‘pertaining to.’ The subst. MidHG. diet, OHG. diot, diota, ‘people,’ upon which this word is based, is preserved in such compound proper names as Dietrich, Detlef, Detmold, Detmar; as an independent word it is also obsolete in Eng.; AS. þeód; Goth. þiuda, f. The OTeut. subst. is based upon a word — pre-Teut. teutâ, ‘people’ — found in many West Aryan languages; comp. Lith. tautà, f., ‘country,’ Lett. tauta, ‘people, nation’; OIr. túath, ‘people’; Oscan touto, ‘people’ (Livy calls the chief magistrate of the Campanian towns ‘medix tuticus’). Thus the word deutsch has a singular and comprehensive history; it was used in the earliest OHG. and MidLat. writings only of the language (since 845 A.D. Theodisci occurs also as the name of a people, and first of all in Italy); deutsch, ‘popular,’ was the term applied to the native language in contrast to the Lat. ecclesiastical speech and the Lat. official phraseology. We may note E. Dutch, because it is restricted to the language of Holland; till about 1600 A.D. the people of Holland were convinced that their language was German.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/derb

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/derb | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ derb, adj., ‘compact, stout, blunt, uncouth,’ derived in form from MidHG. dërp (b), ‘unleavened,’ but blended in meaning with a word derbe, derb, ‘worthy, honest’ (see bieder), deduced from OHG. and MidHG. bidérbe. MidHG. dërp, OHG. dërb, ‘unleavened,’ are equiv to OIc. þjarfr, AS. þeorf, E. therf. Bieder is related to bedürfen, but derb, ‘unleavened,’ on account of its meaning, cannot belong to the same stem; it is connected rather with the root verderben.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/deuten

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/deuten | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ deuten, vb., ‘to point, beckon, interpret, explain,’ from MidHG. diuken, tiuten, OHG. diuten, vb., ‘to show, point, signify, notify, explain, translate’; Goth. *þiudjan; comp. OIc. þýða. In place of þiudjan, Goth. has a form þiuþjan, ‘to praise, laud,’ which, however, is scarcely identical with deuten. Probably the latter signifies rather ‘to make popular’; þiuda is the Goth. word for ‘nation’ (see deutsch. Comp. MidHG. ze diute, ‘distinct, evident,’ and ‘in German’ (diute, dat. sing. of diuti, tiute, f., ‘exposition, explanation’); note too AS. geþeóde, ‘language’ (as the main characteristic of the nation).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwetsche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zwetsche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwetsche, Quetsche, feminine, ‘damson’; Modern High German only; a difficult word to explain. Bavarian zwèšen, zwèšpen, Swiss zwetške, Austrian zwespen, Thuringian and East Middle German quatšge, seem to be related like quer and Zwerch, quängeln and zwingen, so that we must perhaps assume ​an initial tw. Since damsons were originally obtained from Damascus (the Crusaders are said to have introduced them into Europe; compare English damask plum, damascene, damson, Italian amascino, Portug. ameixa), it seems probable that the Teutonic cognates (Bavarian zwèschen) are derived from Middle Latin damascena or Greek δαμάσκηνον through the intermediate forms dmaskîn, dwaskîn, which appear in Transylvanian maschen, mäschen. Yet the phonological relations of the numerous dialectic forms are so indistinct that a final solution of all the difficulties has not yet been found. From High German are derived Dutch kwets, Danish svedske, Bohemian švetska.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwieback

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zwieback. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwieback, masculine, ‘biscuit,’ Modern High German only; probably a rendering of French biscuit (Italian biscotto); compare Danish tvebak, Dutch tweebak (also beschuit).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwickel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zwickel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwickel, masculine, ‘wedge,’ from the equivalent Middle High German zwickel, masculine; a derivative of the preceding word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwiebel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zwiebel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwiebel, feminine (Swiss zidele, Bavarian zwifel, Thuringian zippel), ‘onion, bulb,’ from the equivalent Middle High German zwibolle, zibolle (with the variants zwippel, zwifel, zibel, zebulle), masculine Old High German zwibollo, zwivolle, masculine. A corruption of Latin caepulla, ‘onion,’ whence also the Romance words, Italian cipolla, French ciboule; Danish swible has been adopted from German. The genuine German word for Zwiebel is Bolle (properly ‘bulb, ball’), on which Middle High German zwibolle was based. The English word bulb is derived from the Latin bulbus (Greek βολβόρ), ‘bulb, onion.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwielicht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zwielicht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwielicht, neuter, ‘twilight,’ Modern High German only, formed from Low German twelecht; the Middle High German expression is zwischenlicht; compare English twilight.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zweifel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Zweifel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zweifel, masculine, ‘doubt, uncertainty,’ from Middle High German zwîvel, masculine, ‘uncertainty, distrust, fickleness, perfidy, despair,’ Old High German zwîfal, masculine, ‘uncertainty, apprehension, despair,’ Compare Gothic tweifls, masculine, ‘doubt,’ Old Saxon twîfal, Dutch twijfel. The following forms also occur, Old High German zwîfo, zwëho, masculine, ‘doubt’ (equivalent to Old Saxon twëho, Anglo-Saxon tweó, ‘doubt’), and Old Icelandic týja (base twiwjôn), ‘doubt.’ All are based on a pre-Teutonic dweiq (dwī̆p), ‘to doubt.’ — Allied to zweifeln, verb, ‘to doubt, suspect,’ from Middle High German zwîvelen, Old High German zwîfalôn, ‘to waver, doubt’; compare Old Saxon twîflôn, ‘to waver,’ Danish tvivle, Dutch twijfelen, ‘to doubt.’ These cognates are unquestionably connected with zwei (compare Greek δοιή, ‘doubt,’ Sanscrit dvayá, ‘falseness’); the formation of the noun is, however, not clear (see Zweig and zwie-).