OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Ambarvalia/Clough/Sonnet 3: Not in thy robes of royal rich array

III.
As when thy state at Dresden thou art keeping; Nor with the golden epaulettes outpeeping From under pink and scarlet trappings gay (Raiment of doctors) through the area led; While galleries peal applause, and Phillimore For the supreme superlative cons-o'er The common-place-book of his classic head; Uncrowned thou com 'st, alone, or with a tribe Of volant varlets scattering jest and jibe Almost beside thee. Yet to thee, when rent Was the Teutonic Cæsar's robe, there went One portion: and with Julius, thou to-day Canst boast, I came, I saw, I went away!
# Ambarvalia/Clough/Light words they were, and lightly, falsely said

Light words they were, and lightly, falsely said; She heard them, and she started,—and she rose, As in the act to speak; the sudden thought And unconsidered impulse led her on. In act to speak she rose, but with the sense Of all the eyes of that mixed company Now suddenly turned upon her, some with age
Hardened and dulled, some cold and critical; Some in whom vapours of their own conceit, As moist malarious mists the heavenly stars, Still blotted out their good, the best at best By frivolous laugh and prate conventional All too untuned for all she thought to say— With such a thought the mantling blood to her cheek Flushed-up, and o'er-flushed itself, blank night her soul Made dark, and in her all her purpose swooned. She stood as if for sinking. Yet anon With recollections clear, august, sublime, Of God's great truth, and right immutable, Which, as obedient vassals, to her mind Came summoned of her will, in self-negation Quelling her troublous earthy consciousness, She queened it o'er her weakness. At the spell Back rolled the ruddy tide, and leaves her cheek Paler than erst, and yet not ebbs so far But that one pulse of one indignant thought Might hurry it hither in flood. So as she stood She spoke. God in her spoke, and made her heard.
# Ambarvalia/Clough/Qua cursum ventus

Qua cursum ventus.
As ships, becalmed at eve, that lay With canvass drooping, side by side, Two towers of sail at dawn of day Are scarce long leagues apart descried;
When fell the night, upsprung the breeze, And all the darkling hours they plied, Nor dreamt but each the self-same seas By each was cleaving, side by side:
E'en so—but why the tale reveal Of those, whom year by year unchanged, Brief absence joined anew to feel, Astounded, soul from soul estranged.
At dead of night their sails were filled, And onward each rejoicing steered— Ah, neither blame, for neither willed, Or wist, what first with dawn appeared!
To veer, how vain! On, onward strain, Brave barks! In light, in darkness too, Through winds and tides one compass guides— To that, and your own selves, be true.
But blithe breeze! and O great seas, Though ne'er, that earliest parting past, On your wide plain they join again, Together lead them home at last.
One port, methought, alike they sought, One purpose hold where'er they fare,— bounding breeze, O rushing seas! At last, at last, unite them there!
# Ambarvalia/Clough/Sonnet 1: Amidst the fleeting many unforgot

COMMEMORATION SONNETS.
OXFORD, 1844.
I.
Leonina! whether thou wert seen Singling, upon the Isis' margent green, From meaner flowers the frail forget-me-not, Or, as the picture of a saintly queen, Sitting, uplifting, betwixt fingers small, A sceptre of the water-iris tall, With pendent lily crowned of golden sheen;
So, or in gay and gorgeous gallery, Where, amid splendours, like to those that far Flame backward from the sun's invisible car, Thou lookedst forth, as there the evening star; Oh, Leonina! fair wert thou to see, And unforgotten shall thine image be.
# American Medical Biographies/Ayres, Daniel

​Ayres, Daniel (1822–1892)
This Brooklyn surgeon was born in New York City, October 6, 1822. He was educated at Princeton College and after attending medical lectures at Castleton Medical College, Vt., graduated M. D. at the University of the City of New York in 1845. He served as assistant physician at Bellevue Hospital and settled in Brooklyn where his life was spent. From 1846 to 1853 he was surgeon to the Brooklyn City Hospital, which he helped to establish, and in 1856, at the founding of the Long Island College Hospital, he became surgeon to that institution and professor of clinical surgery and surgical pathology in the medical school connected with it, positions he held until 1874 when he became professor emeritus. He was said to be successful as a lecturer and to illustrate his subject with many ingeniously prepared specimens, which he made himself. Another office he held after 1870 was consulting surgeon to St. Peter's Hospital. In 1856 Wesleyan University conferred the honorary degree of LL. D. upon him. Dr. Ayres did a successful plastic operation for exstrophy of the female bladder in November, 1858, reported in the American Medical Gazette, N. Y., 1859, x, 81–89, 2 plates. This was similar to the first successful operation for this affection that had been done by Joseph Pancoast, of Philadelphia, in February, 1858, but not reported until the following year, therefore Ayres should have the credit of having worked out the details of a new operation, independently.
Dr. Ayres published in addition papers on "Successful Reduction of Complete Dislocation of the Cervical Vertebrae;" "Operation for Artificial Anus;" and "Trepanning of the Skull for Reflex Epilepsy."
​During the latter part of the Civil War he served as corps surgeon.
In 1849 he married Charlotte Augusta, daughter of Daniel Russell, of Portland, Connecticut. They had two sons who followed their father in the practice of medicine.
After forty years of teaching and practice Dr. Ayres retired and devoted himself to advancing the interests of the Long Island College Hospital and the Hoagland Laboratory to which he made large money gifts, as he did to Wesleyan University. He died January 18, 1892, at the age of sixty-nine.
# American Medical Biographies/Ayres, Henry P.

​Ayres, Henry P. (1813–1887)
Henry P. Ayres, born in Morristown, New Jersey, was one of the pioneer physicians of Indiana, having settled in Fort Wayne in 1842, which was then a small but promising village. To practise medicine in a small town then meant arduous work for the doctor. There were no roads worth mentioning, and country clients had to be visited on horseback; the distances were often great and the mud deep when the weather was bad. His reputation for skill in obstetrical cases was quite extensive.
He came of old colonial stock. He was a descendent of the seventh generation of Capt. John Ayres of Massachusetts, who emigrated from England in 1635 and settled in Salisbury.
His mother, Comfort Day, also belonged to the Day family which settled in Newark, New Jersey, during colonial times. His father died when he was seven years old and his mother was left with a large family to care for.
He attended his first course of medical lectures in the University of Louisville, Kentucky, 1841–42, and afterwards settled in Fort Wayne, Indiana. In 1845 he went to New York, and in 1846 received the degree of M. D. from the University of New York.
He was one of the organizers of the Allen County Medical Society, also for many years an active member of the Indiana State Medical Society and its president in 1871. In 1860 he contributed an exhaustive article of 138 pages to the Journal of the American Medical Association on "The Education of Imbecile and Idiotic Children." He was an occasional contributor to the Medico-Chirurgical Review, published in Philadelphia by his friend and former teacher, Dr. S. D. Gross, as well as to other journals.
He married Eliza Kate Rowan in 1839 and had six children, three of whom died in childhood. He was very fond of children and had a winning way which made them reciprocate his affection.
Their oldest son, S. C. Ayres of Cincinnati, Ohio, became profesor of ophthalmology in the Medical College of Ohio. Dr. Ayres died in Fort Wayne, Indiana, December 25, 1887. For nearly twenty years before his death he had suffered from paralysis agitans, involving first the left side, and a few years later the right.
# American Medical Biographies/Bache, Franklin

​Bache, Franklin (1792-1864)
With Dr. George B. Wood, Dr. Franklin Bache prepared the "Dispensatory of the United States of America" in January, 1833, a book which has gone through over twenty editions and as a volume of over 2,000 pages is in use to-day, Dr. Bache writing for the revisions until his death.
The boy Franklin, son of Benjamin Franklin and Margaret Markoe Bache, was born in Philadelphia on the twenty-fifth of October, 1792, the great grandson of the Franklin, for his grandfather, Richard Bache, emigrating from Lancashire, England, in 1737, married Franklin's only daughter. At a school kept by a Dr. Samuel B. Wylie young Franklin had his early education, afterwards going to Pennsylvania University and graduating A. B. there in 1810; M. D. in 1814. After spending a year in the army as surgeon's mate, and two years as full surgeon, he resigned his commission in 1816 and began practice in Philadelphia, marrying Aglae, daughter of Jean Dabadie, a French merchant. She died seventeen years after, leaving him with six children. He was physician to the Walnut Street Prison, professor of chemistry in the Franklin Institute, physician to the Eastern Penitentiary and professor of chemistry in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy in succession and with such training was appointed in 1841 professor of chemistry in the Jefferson Medical College, a position he filled for the rest of his life. When he became a fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia in 1829 he was appointed a reviser of the "United States Pharmacopœia," Dr. Hewson and Dr. George B. Wood aiding him. "For all this expenditure of time, thought and labor, not only in this revision but in all those with which he had been concerned, he neither expected nor received any other recompense than the consciousness of duty performed and public ​benefit conferred." In the spring of 1864, just after finishing the revision, he was attacked by typhoid fever, which carried him off on the nineteenth of March.
As a writer, during the ten years he acted as co-editor of the North American and Surgical Journal, he contributed many and valuable articles besides editing three important chemical works and writing largely for the "American Cyclopedia of Medicine and Surgery," edited by Dr. Isaac Hays.
Besides the appointments named he was vice-president of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, member of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Science and for two years president of the American Philosophical Society.
# American Medical Biographies/Bacon, David Francis

​Bacon, David Francis (1813–1866)
David Francis Bacon, physician and writer, was born at Prospect, Connecticut, November 30, 1813, and died at New York City, January 23, 1866. He graduated at Yale in 1831 and at the Yale Medical School in 1836. Soon after graduating he was sent as principal colonial physician to Liberia by the American colonization society. During the greater part of his life he lived in New York, and was actively interested in politics. He was a frequent contributor to periodical literature, and published "Lives of the Apostles," New York, 1835, and also "Wanderings on the Seas and Shores of Africa," 1843.
# American Medical Biographies/Backus, Frederick Fanning

​Backus, Frederick Fanning (1794–1858)
Azel Backus, D. D., was a staunch old divine of Connecticut whose sternness was only equalled by his philanthropy, and his son Frederick Fanning, settling down as a general practitioner in Rochester, then numbering three hundred and thirty-one inhabitants, was a chip of the old block and took the burden of woes physical, spiritual and civic on his own shoulders determined to make things better. He was born on the fifteenth of June, 1794, and graduated from Yale College at nineteen, in 1813, taking his M. D. from the Medical College of New Haven in 1816, and two years later marrying "a lady of cultivated mind," one Rebecca, daughter of Col. William Fitzhugh of Maryland.
His chief merit lay in his indefatigable efforts on behalf of the insane. His reports on their neglected condition laid the foundation for the Asylum at Syracuse. No one had done much before this and when his efforts had gained some measure of success he retired from the Senate to a damaged practice. In 1858 he had a second attack of paralysis following one two years previously, and on November 4 he died, leaving his wife, his daughter and four sons a small competence.
# American Medical Biographies/Ayers, Edward A.

​Ayers, Edward A. (1855–1917)
Edward A. Ayers, physician, lecturer, writer, was born in Jacksonville, Illinois, Dec. 20, 1855, the son of Marshall P. Ayers, a banker and railroad builder, and Laura Allen. His early education was had in the public schools, and at Whipple Academy; he graduated from Illinois College in 1877. He graduated in medicine from the New York University in 1880, and practised in New York for several years. He was professor of obstetrics in the New York Polyclinic; a founder and first president of the Mothers and Babies Hospital of New York, and was a well-known scientific lecturer. His paper, "The Mosquito as a Sanitary Problem," won the Carpenter Prize of the New York Academy of Medicine. This formed a lecture which he gave in many places, using illustrations made by himself. It is a full, admirable, popular, well-illustrated exposition of the life-history of the mosquito in its relation to disease and the methods of extermination. This paper was published in Fulton's "Expository Writing" as one of "fifteen best examples of the English language." He contributed to magazines and medical journals, and wrote "Physical Diagnosis of Obstetrics."
Ayers was a musician, a trained organist, and skilled as an artist, making illustrations for many of his articles. He was a notable golf-player and won nine cups.
For two years he was a member of the New Jersey State Board of Health and medical inspector of the local schools.
In 1895 Dr. Ayers married Joy, daughter of Van Sinderen Lindsay, of Nashville, Tenn.
In 1908 he went to Branchville, New Jersey, where he practised until he moved to Franklin, in the same State, not long before an attack of pneumonia, which lasted but four days. He died at the Franklin Hospital, Dec. 3, 1917, survived by his widow, a son, Edward L., who served on ambulance duty in France, and a daughter, Ellen.
# American Medical Biographies/Dyer, Ezra

​Dyer, Erza (1836–1887).
Ezra Dyer was born in Boston, October 17, 1836, graduated at Harvard in 1857, and after studying under Jeffries Wyman (q. v.), Morril Wyman (q. v.) and John Ware (q. v), entered the Medical School and graduated in 1859. He then studied in Dublin, Bonn, and Vienna, where, under Arlt, his interest in ophthalmic surgery was awakened, and he determined to devote himself to this specialty. With a letter from Arlt to Von Graefe he went on to Berlin in the fall of 1860. Having spent a most profitable winter semester with Von Graefe, Dyer went to London, spent several months at the Moorfields Hospital, then to Paris to study under Desmarres and Sichel, and finally to Utrecht to visit Donders and Snellen. He returned to Philadelphia in the winter of 1861. During the war he was given charge of all eye and ear cases in the Philadelphia army hospitals.
In 1864 he was one of the founders of the American Ophthalmological Society, and later was appointed surgeon at Wills Eye Hospital, holding the position as long as he remained in the city. Dyer perfected a plan of using the eyes for near work in daily progressive periods of time to overcome asthenopia after long illness, the method being known as "Dyerizing." This was first described in a paper entitled "Asthenopia not connected with Hypermetropia," read before the American Ophthalmological Society in 1865. Again he wrote on this subject in 1876, in a paper read before the International Congress. In 1884 he invented an ingenious and beautiful perimeter. In 1873 he left Philadelphia on account of the health of a member of his family, gave up a large practice, and took up his abode in Pittsburg, where he soon acquired an enviable reputation. In 1879 and again in 1880 he fell and suffered serious fractures from which he never wholly recovered. He removed in 1883 to Newport, Rhode Island, and died February 9, 1887.
Unswerving integrity, unselfish and enduring loyalty, a child-like faith in those he loved, these were among the characteristics of Ezra Dyer.
# American Medical Biographies/Gray, John Perdue

​Gray, John Perdue (1825–1886)
The biographers of John Perdue Gray state simply with regard to his boyhood, that he was born of American parents on August 6, 1825. He went to the common school in Half Moon, Center County, Pennsylvania, his birthplace, and to Dickinson College, leaving before graduation but receiving an honorary A. M. in 1852. His M. D. was obtained from the University of Pennsylvania in 1849 and the same year he became a resident physician in the Blockley Hospital, Philadelphia, and three years later third assistant physician to the New York State Lunatic Asylum in Utica, finally becoming superintendent when only twenty-eight.
While editor of the first journal in America devoted to insanity—The American Journal of Insanity—he raised it to an enviable position both in this country and abroad by his ability and by his own writings.
The high standard reached in New York in the care of the insane was largely due to his influence. As a medical witness in cases of interest he was widely known, notably in the trial of Guiteau and of Lincoln's assassin. In 1882 he was shot in Utica by a madman, the bullet entering over the left malar bone and coming out in the right cheek. He never quite recovered from the shock. His health from other causes became seriously impaired, so he made a trip to Europe and came home better, but died from kidney disease at Utica, November 29, 1886.
"Dr. Gray," writes a biographer, "was uncompromising, unyielding and in a certain sense coercive in his views of psychiatry. He did not recognize certain forms of insanity discerned by American and foreign alienists. With him moral insanity, dipsomania, kleptomania were psychiatric myths and misnomers invented to shield depravity and crime. He fought out his convictions on this line throughout a vigorous life, and, carrying these triumphantly into the forum often won there popular acquiescence, as in the case of Guiteau." To him belongs the credit of establishing in this country a microscopic study of the brain; that which made the Utica asylum a great school of instruction. His lectures attracted not only the students of his own college but others, as well.
He married, in 1854, Mary B. Wetmore, daughter of Edmund A. Wetmore of Utica, who, with three children, Dr. John P. Gray, Jr., William and Cornelia survived him.
His appointments numbered among others: professor of psychological medicine, Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1874, and the same appointment to the Albany Medical College in 1876; president of the New York State Medical Society, of the New York State Medical Association, of the Association of Superintendents of Asylums, and honorary member of the British, French and Italian Medico-Psychological Associations. He was LL. D., Hamilton College. His writings included:
"Thoughts on the Causation of Insanity," 1872; "Responsibility of the Insane," 1875; "An Abstract of the Laws of New York— Comparisons of the Same with Those of England," 1879; "On the Sanity of Guiteau," 1882; "Insanity: Preventable Causes," 1885.
# American Medical Biographies/Douglas, Silas Hamilton

​Douglas, Silas Hamilton (1816–1890).
Silas Hamilton Douglas, physiologist, was born in Fredonia, Chautauqua County, New York, October 16, 1816, and had his general education in the Academy there and at the New York University. In 1838 he came to Detroit and studied medicine under Dr. Zina Pitcher (q. v.) in 1841–42, taking a course of lectures at the Medical Department of the University of Maryland, and on June 3, 1842, was licensed to practise by the Censors, Michigan State Medical Society. At various times he accompanied Dr. Douglas Houghton (q. v.) on his geological surveys of Michigan and was employed as a physician on the staff of Henry R. Schoolcraft, in 1843 beginning to practise at Ann Arbor. The year 1844 saw him assistant to Prof. Houghton in the university, and in charge of chemistry during the professor's absence in the field, a duty which under various titles he conducted during the next thirty-two years after Dr. Houghton's death. For several years he used a private chemical laboratory for teaching, but in 1856 the Regents, at his solicitation, erected a chemical laboratory at a cost of six thousand dollars and made practical chemistry a part of the curriculum. This was his great contribution to medical teaching—the initiation of laboratory training for the degree of M. D. He was largely interested in the founding of the medical department, and remained with it until 1877, and had also charge of the erection of the observatory building at the university, the medical building, and other university works, doing good work as well in organizing the Ann Arbor water and gas works. While on his geological tours he collected a large cabinet of minerals which he gave to the university. The latter years of his life were embittered by a controversy over his accounts with the university, the matter finally reaching the Supreme Court, and being decided in his favor.
On May 1, 1845, Dr. Douglas married Helen Wells, who with seven children survived him when he died in Ann Arbor, August 26, 1890, from paralysis.
His chief writings included: "Common Sense in Ventilation," Michigan University Medical Journal, vol. i.; "Method of Conducting Postmortem Examinations in Cases of Suspected Poisoning," Peninsular Medical Journal. vol. i.; "On the Analysis of Waters," Peninsular Medical Journal, vol. i.; "Michigan Coal; Its Analysis and Value for Gas," Peninsular Medical Journal, vol. iv. He was the author of a system of chemical tables which passed through four editions and which, enlarged by the aid of Prof. A. B. Prescott, M. D., into a text-book on "Qualitative Chemical Analysis," met a wide acceptance (three editions).