OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Brühl, Gustavus

Edition of 1900.
​BRÜHL, Gustavus, physician, b. in Herdorf, Prussia, 31 May, 1826. He studied at the colleges of Siegen, Münstereifel, and Treves, was graduated at the last named, and studied medicine at Munich, Halle, and Berlin. In 1848 he removed to Cincinnati, Ohio. He was physician of St. Mary's hospital, lecturer on laryngoscopy in Miami medical college, and one of the founders and first president of the Peter Claver society for the education of colored children. From 1869 till 1871 he edited the “German Pioneer,” and in 1871 was nominated by the democrats for state treasurer. In 1874 he was one of the examiners of public schools in Cincinnati. He has published “Poesien des Urwalds” (1871), and has written much for periodicals, both in prose and in verse.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Buckminster, Joseph

Edition of 1900.
​BUCKMINSTER, Joseph, clergyman, b. in Rutland, Mass., 14 Oct., 1751; d. in Readsboro, Vt., 10 June, 1812. He was graduated in 1770 at Yale, studied three years longer on a Berkeley scholarship, and was a tutor from 1774 till 1778. Thomas, his ancestor, came early to Boston, and died in Brookline in 1656. He was the son of Joseph Buckminster, nephew of Col. William Buckminster, and minister of Rutland, Mass., who published several sermons, and died 27 Nov., 1792, aged seventy-two years. He became attached, while at New Haven, to a lady of reputation and celebrity, whose history is the basis of Miss Foster's story, “The Coquette.” He was ordained in January, 1779, pastor of the North church in Portsmouth, N. H. After a ministry of thirty-three years, his health becoming greatly impaired, he left home, 2 June, 1812, accompanied by his wife and two friends, but died a few days after. He was an earnest preacher, distinguished for fervent eloquence, and was interested in the controversy that led to a division in the Congregational church, adhering to conservative and orthodox principles, while his son adopted liberal views. He published about twenty-five sermons and a short sketch of Dr. McClintock, and was part author of the “Piscataqua River Prayer-Book.” Eliza B. Lee, his daughter, published “Memoirs of the Rev. Joseph Buckminster, D. D., and of his Son, the Rev. Joseph Stevens Buckminster” (Boston, 1851).—His son, Joseph Stevens, clergyman, b. in Portsmouth, N. H., 26 May, 1784; d. 9 June, 1812. He was graduated at Harvard in 1800, studied theology and general literature, and was for a time an assistant in Phillips Exeter academy, where he had Daniel Webster as one of his pupils. In October, 1804, he preached in Boston for the first time, and accepted, in 1805, an invitation from the Brattle street society there. A voyage to Europe was rendered necessary for the restoration of his health; and in 1806-'7 he travelled in England and on the continent. While in London he purchased many books for the Boston Athenæum. He was an active member of the anthology club, famous for the gifted men it included, and for having originated one of the first purely literary periodicals of this country. In 1809 he delivered before the Phi Beta Kappa society of Harvard an address on “The Dangers and Duties of Men of Letters.” He was a celebrated preacher and a contributor to periodicals. The new edition of the Greek Testament of Griesbach was directed by him in 1808. In 1811 he was appointed the first lecturer on biblical criticism at Harvard; but, while preparing for this office, he was attacked with epilepsy, a disease with which he was affected during his entire life, and died after a few days. In 1808 he published a collection of hymns for the use of his society. A volume of his sermons was published, with a memoir of his life and character, by Samuel C. Thacher, in 1814. His collected works were issued in two volumes (Boston, 1839).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Buckminster, William

Edition of 1900.
​BUCKMINSTER, William, soldier, b. in Framingham, Mass., 15 Dec, 1736; d. 22 June, 1786; removed to Barre in 1757, commanded the minute-men in 1774, was lieutenant-colonel of Brewer's regiment at Bunker Hill, and received there a wound that crippled him for life.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Bruce, Archibald

Edition of 1900.
​BRUCE, Archibald, physician, b. in New York in February, 1777; d. there, 22 Feb., 1818. He was graduated at Columbia in 1797. His father, William Bruce, head of the medical department of the British army at New York, on being ordered to the West Indies, specially directed that his son should not be brought up to the medical profession. But from the medical lectures of Nicholas Romayne, the teachings of Dr. Hosack, and attendance on the courses of medical instruction of Columbia, he attained a knowledge of the science. He went to Europe in 1798, received the degree of M. D. from the university of Edinburgh in 1800, and, in a tour of two years in France, Switzerland, and Italy, collected a mineralogical cabinet of great value. He married in London, and in the summer of 1803 returned to New York city and began practice. In 1807 he was appointed professor of materia medica and mineralogy in the college of physicians and surgeons, being the first to fill such a chair in the United States. On the reorganization of the college in 1811, he was superseded on account of some disagreement with the management, and after 1812 filled the same chair in Queen's, now Rutgers, college, New Jersey. He projected the "American Mineralogical Journal" in 1810, and edited it until 1814. His chemical analysis "of native magnesia from New Jersey" made known to science the mineral now called after him, "Brucite." He also detected and correctly analyzed the zincite of Sussex co., N. J., and published a valuable paper "On the Ores of Titanium occurring within the United States." Dr. Bruce was one of the original members of the New York historical society, and at the time of his death was a member of many learned societies both in this country and in Europe.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume I

See Ante-Nicene Fathers for details of authorship.

## Contents

* Title Page
** Preface
** Introductory Notice
* CLEMENT OF ROME
** Introductory Note to the First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians
** First Epistle to the Corinthians
* MATHETES
** Introductory Note to the Epistle of Mathetes to Diognetus
** Epistle to Diognetus
* POLYCARP
** Introductory Note to the Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians
** Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians
** Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Polycarp
** The Martyrdom of Polycarp
* IGNATIUS
** Introductory Note to the Epistles of Ignatius
** Epistle to the Ephesians: Shorter and Longer Versions
** Epistle to the Magnesians: Shorter and Longer Versions
** Epistle to the Trallians: Shorter and Longer Versions
** Epistle to the Romans: Shorter and Longer Versions
** Epistle to the Philadelphians: Shorter and Longer Versions
** Epistle to the Smyrnaeans: Shorter and Longer Versions
** Epistle to Polycarp: Shorter and Longer Versions
** Introductory Note to the Syriac Version of the Ignatian Epistles
** Epistle to Polycarp: Syriac Version
** Epistle to the Ephesians: Syriac Version
** Epistle to the Romans: Syriac Version
** Introductory Note to the Spurious Epistles of Ignatius
** Epistle to the Tarsians
** Epistle to the Antiochians
** Epistle to Hero, a Deacon of Antioch
** Epistle to the Philippians
** Epistle from Maria of Cassobelae
** Epistle to Mary at Neapolis
** First Epistle to St John
** Second Epistle to St John
** Epistle to Mary the Virgin
** Epistle from Mary the Virgin
** Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Ignatius
** The Martyrdom of Ignatius
* BARNABAS
** Introductory Note to the Epistle of Barnabas
** The Epistle of Barnabas
* PAPIAS
** Introductory Note to the Fragments of Papias
** Fragments of Papias
* JUSTIN MARTYR
** Introductory Note to the Writings of Justin Martyr
** The First Apology
** The Second Apology
** Dialogue with Trypho
** The Discourse to the Greeks
** Hortatory Address to the Greeks
** On the Sole Government of God
** On the Resurrection, Fragments
** Other Fragments from the Lost Writings of Justin
** Introductory Note to the Martyrdom of Justin Martyr
** The Martyrdom of Justin Martyr
* IRENAEUS
** Introductory Note to Irenaeus Against Heresies
** Against Heresies: Book I
** Against Heresies: Book II
** Against Heresies: Book III
** Elucidation
** Against Heresies: Book IV
** Against Heresies: Book V
** Fragments from the Lost Writings of Irenaeus
* Indexes [not included]
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume I/Epistle from Mary the Virgin

Reply of the Blessed Virgin to this Letter.
The lowly handmaid of Christ Jesus to Ignatius, her beloved fellow-disciple.
The things which thou hast heard and learned from John concerning Jesus are true. Believe them, cling to them, and hold fast the profession of that Christianity which thou hast embraced, and conform thy habits and life to thy profession. Now I will come in company with John to visit thee, and those that are with thee. Stand fast in the faith, and show thyself a man; nor let the fierceness of persecution move thee, but let thy spirit be strong and rejoice in God thy Saviour. Amen.

## Footnotes

* ↑ 1 Cor. xvi. 13.
* ↑ Luke i. 47.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume I/BARNABAS

Barnabas

## Contents

* Introductory Note to the Epistle of Barnabas
* The Epistle of Barnabas
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume I/CLEMENT OF ROME

Clement of Rome

## Contents

* Introductory Note to the First Epistle of Clement to the Corinthians
* First Epistle to the Corinthians
# Ante-Nicene Fathers

* information about this edition.
* related portals: Christianity.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
The series was originally created by the Presbyterian publishing house of T. & T. Clark in Edinburgh as the Ante-Nicene Christian Library and published serially from 1867 to 1885. The volumes were translated and edited by Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. In 1885 a U.S. firm, the Christian Literature Company, began to issue the volumes in a reorganised form, edited by A. Cleveland Coxe. This was in fact piracy of the ANCL, and treated as such by T. &. T. Clark at the time. However there was little recognition of overseas copyright in the USA at this date, and Clark's were obliged to accept the situation. Coxe gave his series the title The Ante-Nicene Fathers. This collection was followed by the collections Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series I and Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers: Series II.
* Volume I – The Apostolic Fathers with Justin Martyr and Irenaeus
* Volume II – Fathers of the Second Century
* Volume III – Latin Christianity: Its Founder, Tertullian
* Volume IV – The Fathers of the Third Century
* Volume V – The Fathers of the Third Century
* Volume VI – The Fathers of the Third Century
* Volume VII – The Fathers of the Third and Fourth Centuries
* Volume VIII – The Fathers of the Third and Fourth Centuries
* Volume IX – Recently Discovered Additions to Early Christian Literature; Commentaries of Origen
* Volume X – Bibliographic Synopsis; General Index [not included]
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Skenando

Edition of 1900.
​SKENANDO, Oneida chief, b. in 1706; d. in 1816. During the war of the Revolution he had command of 250 warriors of the Oneida and Tuscarora tribes of Indians, and rendered important services to the American cause. Skenando was tall and commanding in person, and his face displayed unusual intelligence. He was an intrepid warrior, and one of the noblest and wisest counsellors of the Six Nations. The first mention of his name is by Rev. Samuel Kirkland, who became acquainted with him when he first went into the Indian country in 1764. Skenando formed so strong an attachment for Mr. Kirkland that he expressed a desire to be buried by the side of his friend, which was done. He was known among the Indians as the “white man's friend.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Sloane, Rush Richard

Edition of 1900.
​SLOANE, Rush Richard, lawyer, b. in Sandusky, Erie co., Ohio, 18 Sept., 1828. He was educated at Wesleyan academy, Norwalk, Ohio, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He was city clerk of Sandusky, Ohio in 1855-'7, was elected judge of the probate court for Erie county in 1857, and re-elected in 1860, was appointed by President Lincoln to the general agency of the post-office department, serving from 1861 till 1866, and was mayor of Sandusky in 1870, 1880, and 1881. Mr. Sloane was an ardent anti-slavery man, and was instrumental in the escape of seven slaves in Sandusky, on 20 Oct., 1850, where they had been arrested by their masters. He was prosecuted, and paid over $4,000 damages and costs, being the first victim of the fugitive-slave law of 1850.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Singer, Isaac Merritt

Edition of 1900.
​SINGER, Isaac Merritt, inventor, b. in Oswego, N. Y., 27 Oct., 1811; d. in Torquay, England, 23 July, 1875. He was a machinist, and devoted himself entirely to the study of improving sewing-machines. After years of close application he succeeded in completing a single-thread, chain-stitch machine, for which he received a patent. In the early part of his career he was assisted by Edward Clark, a wealthy lawyer, by whose aid he was enabled to establish a factory in New York. The Howe sewing-machine company sued him for infringing on their patents, but the matter was finally compromised. He then had some difficulty with Mr. Clark, in consequence of which, while each retained an equal interest in the machine, its manufacture was placed in the hands of a company. Mr. Singer soon became wealthy, and, leaving this country, resided for some time in Paris, but later removed to England, where he lived in a curiously constructed house that he built in Torquay.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Sitjar, Buenaventura

Edition of 1900.
​SITJAR, Buenaventura (seet'-har), Spanish missionary, b. in the island of Majorca, 9 Dec., 1739; d. in San Antonio, Cal., 3 Sept., 1808. He was a member of the Franciscan order, came as a missionary to America, and founded in 1771 the mission of San Antonio, and in 1797 that of San Miguel. With the assistance of Father Miguel Pieras, he composed a vocabulary of the Telamé or Sextapay language. This work forms the seventh volume of John G. Shea's “Library of American Linguistics” (New York, 1861), and was published separately under the title of “Vocabulary of the Language of the San Antonio Missions” (1863).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Sims, Winfield Scott

Edition of 1900.
​SIMS, Winfield Scott, inventor, b. in New York city, 6 April, 1844. He was graduated at the Newark high-school in 1861, and served during the civil war in the 37th New Jersey regiment. Subsequently he turned his attention to the invention of electric apparatus, and devised various improvements in electro-magnets. In 1872 he constructed an electric motor to be used for light work. By means of this motor, weighing forty-five pounds and battery of twenty half-gallon Bunsen cells, he was able to propel an open boat sixteen feet long, with six persons on board, at the rate of four miles an hour. Mr. Sims was the first to ​apply electricity for the propulsion and guidance of movable torpedoes for harbor and coast defence. His torpedo is a submarine boat, with a cylindrical hull of copper and conical ends, supplied with a screw propellor and rudder. The power is electricity generated by a dynamo-electric machine on shore or on ship-board, and by its means the torpedo is propelled, guided, and exploded. During 1879 this system was tested by Gen. Henry L. Abbot, of the U. S. engineer corps, at Willett's point, and since that time the U. S. government has purchased ten of these boats having a speed of ten to eleven and a half miles an hour. These boats carry from 400 to 450 pounds of dynamite. Mr. Sims has now in course of construction a boat, to have a speed of eighteen miles an hour, which is to carry a 250-pound charge of dynamite.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Skead, James

Edition of 1900.
​SKEAD, James, Canadian senator, b. at Calder Hall, Moresby, Cumberland, England, 31 Dec., 1817; d. in Ottawa, Canada, 5 July, 1884. He was educated in his native town, and, coming to Canada with his family in 1832, settled at Bytown (now Ottawa). Mr. Skead afterward engaged in the timber trade, and also in manufacturing. At the time of confederation in 1867 he was called to the senate. Early in 1881 he resigned, but he was reappointed on 24 Dec. of the same year. He represented Rideau division from 1862 till 1867 in the legislative council of Canada, and was an unsuccessful candidate for Carleton for the Ontario assembly in 1867. He was president of the Ottawa board of trade, of the Ottawa Liberal-Conservative association, of the Liberal-Conservative convention that met in Toronto, 23 Sept., 1874, of the Dominion board of trade, and of the Agricultural and arts association of Ontario, and was connected as president or director with various other financial or industrial institutions.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Sloane, John

Edition of 1900.
​SLOANE, John, statesman, b. in York, Pa., in 1779; d. in Wooster, Ohio, 15 May, 1856. He removed to Ohio at an early age, was a member of the state assembly in 1804-'6, and served the last two years as speaker. He was U.S. receiver of public moneys at Canton 1808-'16, and at Wooster in 1816-'19, was elected to congress from Ohio, and served by successive elections from 6 Dec., 1819, till 3 March, 1829. He was clerk of the court of common pleas for seven years, secretary of state of Ohio three years, and was appointed treasurer of the United States, serving from 27 Nov., 1850, till 1 April, 1853. During the war of 1812 he was colonel of militia.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Sitting Bull

Edition of 1900.
​SITTING BULL, Sioux chief, b. in 1837; d. 15 Dec., 1890. He was a chief of the Dakota Sioux, who were driven from their reservation in the Black Hills by miners in 1876, and took up arms, against the whites and friendly Indians, refusing to be transported to the Indian territory. In June, 1876, they defeated and massacred Gen. George A. Custer's advance party of Gen. Alfred H. Terry's column, which was sent against them, on Little Big Horn river, and were pursued northward by Gen. Terry. Sitting Bull, with a part of his band, made his escape into British territory, and, through the mediation of Dominion officials, surrendered on a promise of pardon in 1880. In 1888, in a conference at Standing Rock, Dak. — where he was afterward killed — he influenced his tribe to refuse to relinquish Indian lands. See Johnson's Life (1892).
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Skene, Alexander Johnston Chalmers

Edition of 1900.
​SKENE, Alexander Johnston Chalmers, physician, b. in Fyvie, Aberdeenshire, Scotland, 17 June, 1837. He was educated chiefly in the schools of Aberdeen, and studied medicine at King's college, Scotland, at the University of Michigan, and at Long Island college hospital, where he was graduated in 1863. From July, 1863, till June, 1864, he was acting assistant surgeon in the U. S. army. In 1864 he settled in Brooklyn, where he has since been engaged in successful practice. Dr. Skene was adjunct physician in Long Island college hospital in 1864, appointed professor of gynecology there in 1872, and dean of the faculty in 1886. He was professor of gynecology in the Post-graduate medical school of New York in 1884, and is president of the American gynecological society. He performed the first successful operation of gastro-elytrotomy that is recorded, and also that of craniotomy, using Sims's speculum. He has invented about twelve surgical instruments, has written numerous articles for the medical journals, and published “Uro-Cystic and Urethral Diseases in Women” (New York, 1877), and “Treatise on Diseases of Women, for the Use of Students and Practitioners” (1888).
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book XIX/Hymn 63

63. To Bṛihaspati: for sundry blessings.
[Brahman (etc., as 61).—virāḍ upariṣṭādbṛhatī.]
Wanting in Pāipp. and in the comm.
Translated: Griffith, ii. 318.
1. Arise, O Brahmaṇaspati; awaken the gods with the sacrifice; increase [his] life-time, breath, progeny, cattle, fame, and the sacrificer [himself].
The mss. vary between paçúm and paçū́n in the second half-verse. Kīrtím is pretty evidently intruded, spoiling the ⌊otherwise good anuṣṭubh⌋ meter; the Anukr. reckons it to the fourth pāda. The paddhati uses the verse (see note to Kāuç. 6. 21) in the course of the darçapūrṇamāsa ceremony.
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book XIX/Hymn 61

61. For length of life etc.
[Brahman.—ekarcam. brāhmaṇaspatyam. virāṭ pathyābṛhatī.]
Wanting, as already pointed out, in the comm. and in Pāipp.
Translated: Griffith, ii. 317.
1. A body together with my body. ⌊...⌋ May I attain all my life-time. Sit thou on what is pleasant; fill thyself full, cleansing thyself in heaven (svargá).
The verse is utterly obscure and disconnected, and we might long for the comm., if we had found that he ever gave any help in such a case. The first clause is translated as corresponding with that in TS. etc. (see under 60. 1); what is inserted between it and the following clause is omitted as unintelligible. The mss. read sahe (with varying accent), and dántāḥ (so all the pada-mss. and some others) or datáḥ, or rádátāḥ ⌊or radántāḥ⌋; SPP. adopts sahe datáḥ, to which he might be puzzled to give any meaning. In the second division, SPP. reads with the mss. syonáṁ me s-, and purúḥ pṛ-.
# Atharva-Veda Samhita/Book XIX/Hymn 62

62. For popularity.
[Brahman (etc., as 61).—anuṣṭubh.]
Wanting in Pāipp. and in the comm.
Translated: Zimmer, p. 205; Griffith, ii. 318.
1. Make thou me dear to the gods, make me dear to kings, dear to everything that sees, both to Çūdra and to Āryan.
A nearly corresponding verse is found in the supplement to RV. x. 128 (Aufr.$^2$, p. 685), and in HGS. i. 10. 6, ⌊and in Kaṭha-hss., p. 36⌋. In the first half-verse, RV. differs only by reading both times kuru; its c is priyaṁ viçveṣu gotreṣu, and its d entirely different from ours. HGS. also has kuru, with mā brahmaṇi for rājasu mā in b, and the second half-verse reads priyaṁ viçyeṣu çūdreṣu cf. ⌊rúcaṁ víçyeṣu çūdréṣu, VS. xviii. 48⌋ priyam mā kuru rājasu. The mss. read in c-d ⌊with varying accent⌋ paçyato ’ta (p. paçyata: uta); ⌊but one of SPP's pada-mss. has paçyatáḥ, p.m.⌋; and a part of the mss. (including ⌊so far as noted⌋ all the pada-mss.) have çūdrám in d. SPP's text agrees throughout with ours. ⌊With this verse Zimmer compares 32. 8, above, and VS. xviii. 48 etc. With the d of the Berlin text, cf. the d of iv. 20. 4 and 8. Zimmer rightly notes that the "gods" of a are the Brahmans, and aptly cites ÇB. ii. 2. 2$^6$, with 32. 8 etc. as just mentioned.⌋