OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Executive Order 352

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Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Tuesday, September 19, 1905
1905 CSR 91
Mr. John B. Goff and Mr. D. P. Wells may be appointed as assistant forest rangers, Forest Service, Department of Agriculture, without examination under the civil service rules.
White House,
       September 19, 1905.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 3474

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Revoked by Executive Order 4614, March 17, 1927. Leases performed under this order cancelled by the Supreme Court on October 10, 1927 in Mammoth Oil Co. v. United States after leading directly to the Teapot Dome scandal. The reserves were returned to the Navy.
Signed by President Warren G. Harding Tuesday, May 31, 1921
Under the provisions of the act of Congress approved February 25, 1920 (41 Stat. 437), authorizing the Secretary of the Interior to lease producing oil wells within any naval petroleum reserve; authorizing the President to permit the drilling of additional wells or to lease the remainder of any part of a claim upon which such wells have been drilled, and under authority of the act of Congress approved June 4, 1920 (41 Stat. 812), directing the Secretary of the Navy to conserve, develop, use and operate, directly or by contract, lease, or otherwise, unappropriated lands in naval reserves, the administration, and conservation, of all oil and gas bearing lands in Naval Petroleum Reserves Nos. 1 and 2 in California, and Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 3 in Wyoming, and Naval Shale Reserves in Colorado and Utah, are hereby committed to the Secretary of the Interior subject to the supervision of the President, but no general policy as to drilling or reserving lands located in a naval reserve shall be changed or adopted except upon consultation and cooperation with the Secretary or Acting Secretary of the Navy.
The Secretary of the Interior is authorized and directed to perform any and all acts necessary for the protection, conservation, and administration of the said reserves subject to the conditions and limitations contained in this order and of the existing laws or such laws as may hereafter be enacted by Congress pertaining thereto.
The White House,
    May 31, 1921.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
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# Executive Order 348-C

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See the Notes section for a list of Executive Orders affected by or related to the issuance of this Executive Order.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Thursday, August 31, 1905
It is ordered that each member of the advisory board of engineers upon plans of the Panama Canal shall be allowed $5,000, payable upon the completion of the report of the board. In addition thereto he shall, when on duty with the board, be allowed $15 per day for personal expenses from the date of leaving his home until his return thereto, including Sundays and Holidays. He shall also be allowed the actual cost of transportation incurred by him in travel on duty in connection with the board to include cost of ticket by railway or steamer, sleeper or parlor car accommodations, baggage transportation, cabs, and porterage.
It is further ordered that the allowance of $5,000 to Gen. Davis and Gen. Abbott shall be increased by the amount of their retired pay for the time during which they are employed upon the work of the board, it being my intention that these members of the board shall receive the same compensation for this work as the other members, and this increase being made to provide for the usual reduction of retired officers' pay.
White House,
       August 31, 1905.

## Notes
### Amended by

* Executive Order 373-A, November 25, 1905
* Executive Order 412, February 19, 1906

### See Related

* Executive Order 335-A, June 24, 1905
* Executive Order 418, February 26, 1906
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 3501

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Signed by President Warren G. Harding Saturday, June 25, 1921
Rule IX of the Civil Service Rules is hereby amended by adding at the end of Section 1, paragraph (a) the following:
    "When the Commission and the appointing officer are in agreement that the public interest requires such unusual action, the Commission may authorize waiver of the one-year limit herein prescribed under the following limitations: Two years where service has been two years but less than three years; three years where service has been three years but less than four years; four years where service has been four years but less than five years; and five years where service has been five years or more."
Section 2 of the Rule will be stricken out.
As amended, Paragraph (a) will read:
    "Unless otherwise provided hereinafter a person may be reinstated only to the department or independent Government establishment from which separated and upon requisition made within one year from the date of his separation. When the Commission and the appointing officer are in agreement that the public Interest requires such unusual action, the Commission may authorize waiver of the one year limit herein prescribed under the following limitations: Two years where service has been two years but less than three years; three years where service has been three years but less than four years; four years where service has been four years but less than five years; and five years where service has been five years or more."
The White House,
    June 25, 1921.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 351-B

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Amends unnumbered Executive Order of October 10, 1903. Amended by Executive Order 512, October 3, 1906.
Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Monday, September 18, 1905
General Orders No. 161, War Dept., September 30, 1905
The following is the description from the Department of War's General Order No. 161 of September 30, 1905, not the actual order text, which took the form of an approval of a September 15, 1905 recommendation from the Acting Secretary of War.
The President of the United States, by order dated September 18, 1905, modified the Executive Order of October 10, 1903, (General Orders, No. 43, War Department, October 27, 1903), reserving under section 12 of the act of Congress approved July 1, 1902, entitled "An act temporarily to provide for the administration of the affairs of civil government in the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes" (32 Stat. L., 691), the lands described therein for the purposes of a military reservation at Fort San Pedro, in the neighborhood of Iloilo, Panay, Philippine Islands, so as to reserve under said act of Congress all public lands, and those only, included within metes and bounds as follows, viz:
    Beginning at 1½-inch iron pipe bearing N. 65° 58′ 35″ W. at a distance of 394.59 meters from the northwest corner of Fort San Pedro, No. 22, Iloilo, Panay, P. I. (Station No. 1); thence N. 37° 32′ 40″ E. a distance of 554.14 meters to an iron pipe (Station No. 2); thence N. 84° 18′ 30″ E. 83.78 meters to an iron pipe (Station No. 3); thence N. 37° 32′ 40″ E. to the mean lower low-water line a distance of 113.35 meters, more or less (Station No. 4); thence following the meander line of mean lower low water of the Iloilo River southeastward and of the Straits of Iloilo southwestward and northwestward until it intersects a line passing through Station No. 1, and bearing therefrom S. 37° 32′ 40″ W. (Station No. 5); thence N. 37° 32′ 40″ E. a distance of 40.72 meters, more or less, to Station No. 1, the point of beginning. Bearings true. Magnetic declination about 1° 32′ east. The above tract contains 34.501 hectares, more or less, and is shown on a map marked "Military Reservation, Fort San Pedro, No. 28, Iloilo, Panay, P. I. Surveyed by Detachment of Co. 'I,' 3d Batt. of Engrs., under 1st Lieut. W. P. Stokey, Corps of Engrs., April, 1905"
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 35

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Signed by President Grover Cleveland Friday, November 2, 1894
Special departmental rule No. 1 is hereby amended by adding to the places therein excepted from examination in the Department of the Treasury the following:
    In the Bureau of Statistics: One expert in mechanical designs and in diagraming commercial and financial facts.
Approved November 2, 1894.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 350

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Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Tuesday, September 5, 1905
1905 CSR 83
Mr. Philip Cowen may be appointed immigrant inspector in the Immigration Service without examination under the civil service rules.
White House,
       September 5, 1905.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Executive Order 351

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Signed by President Theodore Roosevelt Friday, September 8, 1905
1905 CSR 101
The procedure required by civil service Rule XII, clause 2, need not be observed in removals of officers or employees serving on the Isthmus of Panama. In such removals, however, the reasons therefor shall be made a part of the records of the office of administration, Isthmian Canal affairs, and the Civil Service Commission shall, upon request, be furnished with copies or the originals thereof.
White House,
       September 8, 1905.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Chiang Hsiang

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​CHIANG Hsiang 姜瓖 d. Oct. 4, 1649, a native of Yü-lin, Shensi, was stationed in 1644 as a brigade-general of the Ming army at Hsüan-hua, in northern Chihli, when the rebel leader Li Tzŭ-ch'êng [q. v.] attacked that city on his march to the capital. Chiang surrendered, but three months later when the Manchus were taking Peking he seized the opportunity to attack Li's adherents in Shansi and to capture the city of Ta-t'ung. The Manchus made him military administrator for the district, and he remained in that capacity until the end of 1648 when suddenly he set up the standard of revolt and with the aid of other rebel leaders threatened the safety of Taiyuan. Government troops under the leadership of Dorgon, Nikan (d. 1652), and Ajige [qq. v.] gradually suppressed the revolt, and on October 4, 1649, the besieged and starving garrison of Ta-t'ung murdered Chiang and surrendered the city.
[2/80/34b.]
George A. Kennedy
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Chiang Liang-ch'i

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​CHIANG Liang-ch'i 蔣良騏 (T. 千之, H. 蠃川) 1722–1789, official and writer, was a native of Ch'üan-chou, Kwangsi. He was the second son of Chiang Lin 蔣林 (T. 元楚, H. 介亭, 1694–1748) who was a chin-shih of 1715 and a corrector in the Hanlin Academy, and who after filling several posts as prefect served as salt-controller in Chihli from 1736 to 1740. Chiang Liang-ch'i and his elder brother, Chiang Liang-i 蔣良翊 (T. 廷勷, H. 補堂), passed the provincial examination in the same year (1747), but Liang-ch'i became a chin-shih in 1751, three years earlier than his brother. When Emperor Kao-tsung had the State Historiographer's Office re-opened about 1765 in order to revise the biographies for the official history of the reigning dynasty Chiang Liang-ch'i, then a compiler in the Hanlin Academy, was appointed one of the editors. In this capacity he had access to the "veritable records" (實錄) of the dynasty, and from them he copied, in condensed form, documents of importance dating from the time of Nurhaci [q. v.] to the beginning of the reign of Emperor Kao-tsung (1735). This record he arranged ​chronologically in 32 chüan and printed under the title 東華錄 Tung-hua lu, "Records from within the Eastern Flowery Gate," in reference to the great east gate (Tung-hua Mên) of the Palace area, near which the State Historiographer's Office was located. This work was expanded by Wang Hsien-ch'ien 王先謙 (T. 益吾, H. 葵園, 1842–1918) who added data about later reigns. After the compilation of Chiang's edition of the Tung-hua lu the Ch'ing official history was subjected to several revisions, hence Chiang's version preserves some passages which cannot be found in the revised history. There is a manuscript copy in 16 chüan in the Kuo-hsüeh Library, Nanking.
Chiang Liang-ch'i served for five years (1779-84) as vice-governor and commissioner of education of Fêng-t'ien-fu. Recalled to Peking, he was promoted to the directorship of the Court of the Imperial Stud, and made inspector of a school for imperial clansmen. On February 14, 1785 (the fiftieth anniversary of the accession of Emperor Kao-tsung) Chiang was honored by an invitation to the Banquet for Elderly Men (Ch'ien-sou yen, see under Liang Kuo-chih). Later he was made commissioner in the Office of Transmission. He died in Peking, but was buried in his native district.
Chiang Liang-ch'i is said to have been an able calligrapher and also to have composed several volumes of poems.
[Ch'üan-chou chih (1799) 6/6b, 8/49a–63a; Wang Ch'ang [q. v.] Hu-hai wên-chuan 52/13b; Chi-fu t'ung-chih (see Huang P'êng-nien) 30/48b; 盛京通志 Shêng-ching t'ung-chih (1778) 41/7b; 千叟宴詩 Ch'ien-sou yen shih (1785), 3/21a, for date of birth; Biggerstaff, Knight, "Some Notes on the Tung-hua lu and the Shih-lu", Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, vol. 4, no. 2, July 1939.]
Fang Chao-ying
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Chia-ch'ing

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​CHIA-ch'ing, reign-title of Yung-yen [q. v.].
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Chi Chên-i

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​CHI Chên-i 季振宜 (T. 詵兮, H. 滄葦), b. 1630, official and bibliophile, was a native of T'ai-hsing, Kiangsu, second of the seven sons of Chi Yü-yung 季寓庸 (T. 因是), a chin-shih of 1622. Chi Chên-i himself became a chin-shih in 1647 at the early age of eighteen (sui) and was at once appointed magistrate of Lan-ch'i, Chekiang. Several years later he was recalled to Peking where he served as a secretary in the Board of Punishments and then in the Board of Revenue. In 1658 he was made a censor and became well known in the early Manchu period as fearless in the exercise of his office. He submitted a memorial in 1660 to discontinue the practise of conscripting boathands from the districts along the Grand Canal—principally at Hsü-chou and Yangchow. In 1663 he was made salt censor of Ho-tung 河東 with residence at P'u-chou, Shansi, where he served for one year.
As a bibliophile Chi Chên-i possessed one of the largest libraries of Kiangnan 江南 containing many rare editions, of which not a few were bought from duplicates in the library of Ch'ien Tsêng [q. v.]. A considerable part of the Chi-ku-ko library (see under Mao Chin and Mao I) was also sold to him. The catalogue of this collection, 季滄葦藏書目 Chi Ts'ang-wei ts'ang shu-mu, which lists about 1,000 titles, was edited and printed by Huang P'ei-lieh [q. v.] in 1805. A list of the Sung editions of his collection was entitled 廷令宋板書目 Yen-ling Sung-pan shu-mu. His collected writings appeared under two titles: 聽雨樓集 T'ing-yü lou chi and 靜思堂稿 Ching-ssŭ t'ang kao.
His brother, Chi K'ai-shêng 季開生 (T. 天中, H. 冠月, 1627-1659), was a chin-shih of 1649 who served as supervising censor. In 1655 when the palace known as Ch'ien-ch'ing kung 乾清宮 was completed, eunuchs were dispatched to South China to buy furniture and articles for interior decoration. The sending of the mission gave rise to misunderstanding in the South and Chi K'ai-shêng submitted a memorial denouncing it. For his temerity he was exiled to Shang-yang-p'u 尚陽堡, Liaotung, where he died. He achieved some recognition as a poet and painter. A sister, Chi Hsien 季嫻 (T. 靜姎), a poetess, and wife of Li Ch'ang-ang 李長昂, compiled an anthology, 閨秀集初編 Kuei-hsiu-chi ch'u-pien, consisting of 5 chüan of poems by women authors of the Ming dynasty. This anthology was given notice in the Imperial Catalogue but was not copied into the Ssŭ-k'u Manuscript Library (for both see under Chi Yün). Her collected works were entitled 兩泉龕集 Liang-ch'üan k'an chi. Her daughter, Li Yen 李研 (T. 安侶), was also a poetess and author of a work entitled, 綠窗偶存 Lu-ch'uang ou-ts'un.
The Chi family was known for its great wealth. It supported three troupes of actresses, and the family home was so extensive that sixty watch-men are said to have been required to guard it.
[1/250/11b, 12a; 3/133/15a; 21/2/7a; 27/2/6a; T'ai-hsing hsien chih (1886) 20/21b, 21/1b; Yeh Ch'ang-ch'ih (see under P'an Tsu-yin), Ts'ang-shu chi-shih shih (1910) 4/25a; Ssŭ-k'u 194/13a; Shansi t'ung-chih (1734) 80/18b; Yeh Tê-hui 葉德輝, 書林清話 Shu-lin ch'ing-hua 9/23b; Niu Hsiu (see under Chiang Shih-ch'üan), Ku-shêng hsü-pien (續編). ]
Tu Lien-chê
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Chi Tsêng-yün

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​CHI Tsêng-yün 嵇曾筠 (T. 松友, H. 禮齋) Jan. 6, 1671–1739, Jan. 26, official, was a native ​of Wu-hsi, Kiangsu. He was the son of Chi Yüng-jên (see under Fan Ch'êng-mo) who died a martyr in 1676 when his son was only seven sui. Thereafter Chi Tsêng-yün was brought up by his mother (née Yang 楊 1650–1734). In 1702 he became a chü-jên and in 1706 a chin-shih. After filling various official posts in the central government he was sent in 1723 to the district of Chung-mou, Honan, to take charge of conservation work on the Yellow River which had overflowed that summer. In the following year he was made assistant director-general of the conservancy project (a newly created post) with headquarters at Wu-chih, Honan. In this capacity he organized a company of workmen and built embankments at the bends in the river in the hope of reducing the force of the currents. Under Chi's supervision dams and water-ways for irrigation were also constructed. Early in 1727 he was ordered to take charge concurrently of similar embankments in Shantung. Two years later (1729) he was promoted to be director-general of Yellow River and Grand Canal conservancy in both Honan and Shantung. In 1730 he was transferred to an analogous post in Kiangnan. The honorary title of Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent was then bestowed upon him, and in 1733, while still in Kiangnan, he was made a Grand Secretary and concurrently president of the Board of Civil Office.
When his mother died, early in 1734, he was commanded by imperial decree to observe the mourning period in office owing to the importance of his conservancy duties. Appointed governor (later governor-general) of Chekiang, he was charged in 1736 with the construction of a sea wall in that province. In the same year he was summoned to Peking for an audience and was given the rank of Grand Tutor to the Heir Apparent. Two years later (1738) he was ordered to serve in the central government, but requested permission, on the plea of illness, to go home for a temporary rest. Not long thereafter he died. He was canonized as Wên-min 文敏 and in the summer of 1739 his name was entered in the temple of local worthies of Chekiang. Later in the same year an imperial edict was issued ordering the building of a separate temple to him, as in the case of Chin Fu [q. v.]. His collected poems, in 10 chüan, entitled 師善堂詩集 Shih-shan t'ang shih-chi, were first printed in 1735. He left a collection of memorials on river conservancy under the title 防河奏議 Fang-ho tsou-i, in 10 chüan.
Chi Tsêng-yün had eight sons, of whom the third, Chi Huang 嵇黃 (T. 尚佐, H. 黼庭, 拙修, 1711–1794), a chin-shih of 1730, was the best known. This son, like his father, achieved distinction in river conservancy and rose in his official career also to a Grand Secretary. He was canonized as Wên-kung 文恭. Chi Huang was a celebrated calligrapher of whom it was said that he could write with a brush on a sesame seed.
[1/316/3a; 3/16/39a, 23/24a; 4/76/15b; 29/4/4a; 嵇氏宗譜 Chi-shih tsung-p'u (1907); Wu-hsi, Chin-k'uei hsien chih 20/9a, 20/13a, 28/5b]
Tu Lien-chê
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Michel Angelo

See also Michelangelo on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
ANGELO, Michel. See Michel Angelo Buonarroti.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Melchiorre Delfico

See also Melchiorre Delfico (economist) on Wikipedia; Melchiorre Delfico on Wikipedia, Delfico in the 11th edition; and the disclaimer.
DELFICO, Melchiorre (1744–1835), an eminent Italian writer on political economy, was born, at Teramo in the Abruzzi on the 1st August 1744, and was educated at Naples. He devoted himself specially to the study of jurisprudence and political economy, and thus qualified himself for the valuable service he was to render to his native country by his writings on legal and economic subjects. His first publication, Saggio filosofico nel matrimonio (1774), was an eloquent vindication of marriage against the loose views that were prevalent. To his Memorie sul Tribunate della Grascia e sulle Legge Economiche nelle Provincie conftnante del Begno, addressed to the king, the Neapolitans owed the abolition of the most vexatious and absurd restrictions on the sale and exporta tion of agricultural produce. Other Memorie on kindred subjects followed, and did much to promote reform in the direction of free trade. Equally beneficial was the adop tion of the principles developed in his Riflessioni sulla Vendita dei Feudi Devohiti, in 1790, and his Lettera al Duca di Cantalupo su i Feudi Devohtti, in 1795, which were so powerfully reasoned that a law was promulgated for the sale of all feudalities reverting to the crown as free estates. During the short reign of Joseph Bonaparte at Naples, Delfico was made a councillor of state, and employed in the formation of the new judicial organization of Naples. He was employed in a similar manner under Murat; and, when Ferdinand was restored in 1815, Delfico was made president of the commission of the archives, an office which he filled until 1823, when he tendered his resignation on account of his advanced age. His sovereign acknowledged his eminently patriotic services by the grant of a large pension for life. Soon after, he retired to his native town, where he died on the 21st June 1835, at the advanced age of ninety-one. Besides the works we have noticed, on which his Neapolitan fame may be said chiefly to rest, we owe to him several general works of no mean reputation, especially Eicerche sul vero Carattere della Giurisprudenza Komana, e di sue Cultore, 1790, and Pensieri sulla Storia, e sull Incertetsa ed Inutilitfr della Medesima, 1806, which have both been several times reprinted. In the latter he has anticipated the scepticism of Niebuhr on the early history of Rome, which he treats as fabulous ; and he denies to the Romans before the second Punic war all arts but that of agriculture, and of making war on their neighbours.
See Gregoire de Filippis Delfico s Delia Vita e dclle Opere di Mdchiorre Delfico (Teramo, 1836), and Tipaldo s Biografia, degli Italiani illustri (vol. ii.)