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# Letter of Instruction No. 14 (Marcos)

Source: Official Gazette. Vol. 68, No. 41. Office of the President. 1972. pp. 7955–7956.
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MALACAÑANG RESIDENCE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA
September 29, 1972
LETTER OF INSTRUCTION No. 14
To: All Heads of Departments, Other Agencies and Offices of the Government
In order to facilitate the reorganization of the Government and to speed up the current intensified effort to weed out undesirable government officials and employes, you are hereby directed to require all officials and employes in your department, office or agency who are facing charges or are notoriously undesirable on the ground of dishonesty, incompetence or other kinds of misconduct defined in the Civil Service law or rules to tender their resignations immediately or else face charges and immediate suspension, the suspension to last until the promulgation by proper authority of the decision on the charges.
These officials and employes shall tender their resignations within one week after the publication of this Order in your department (which should be done immediately), and immediately after such period proper charges shall be filed against those who refuse to tender their resignations, and these officials and employes shall be suspended immediately.
The heads of the departments, offices and other agencies of the government shall determine if the officials and employes, who voluntarily resign in obedience to this Order, shall enjoy any of the benefits granted them by law or granted by law to retiring government officials and employes.
The heads of the departments, offices or other agencies of the Government shall report to me within 15 days from the date of issue of this Order the names of the officials end employees who have tendered their resignations or have been charged and suspended in accordance with this Order.
Strict compliance with this Letter of Instructions is desired.
Done in the City of Manila this 29th day of September, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and seventy-two.
(Sgd.) Ferdinand E. Marcos President Republic of the Philippines
This work is in the public domain because it is a work of the Philippine government (see Republic Act No. 8293 Sec. 176).
All official Philippine texts of a legislative, administrative, or judicial nature, or any official translation thereof, are ineligible for copyright.
An additional license tag is required in order to demonstrate why this work is freely licensed or in the public domain in the United States.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Letter of Implementation No. 94

* information about this edition.
* related portals: Letter of Implementations of the Philippines, Philippines.
LETTER OF IMPLEMENTATION NO. 94
ADOPTING MEASURES TO INCREASE THE COMPENSATION OF TEACHING AND NON-TEACHING PERSONNEL OF STATE UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES
* Non-teaching personnel in all state universities and colleges shall be classified under the national compensation and position classification plans. Positions in state universities and colleges receiving less than counterparts in national government agencies shall be entitled to such adjustments as will bring them up to the level of the adjusted salary of national government employees under Letter of Implementation No. 82 to 84, as may be applicable.
* Positions in developed state universities and colleges shall be adjusted by an additional three steps beyond those approved under Letters of Implementation No. 82 to 84, as may be applicable: Provided, That in no case may these adjustments result in a recomputed salary exceeding forty per cent (40%) more than the salary of the equivalent position in the national compensation and position classification plans.
* The amounts appropriated for salary increases which are incorporated in the budgets of state universities and colleges shall be used for the salary adjustments directed by this Letter. Any deficiency shall be covered by salary lapses and other personal services savings of the institution concerned. Any remaining deficiency shall be covered by the Salary Adjustment Fund in the CY 1979 General Appropriations Act and from budgetary reserves.
* No action shall be taken on the use of CY 1979 savings in personal services for agencies which are authorized to draw against the Salary Adjustment Fund.
* Requirements to implement these additional increases during CY 1980 shall be provided for within the programmed budget ceilings of the institution, augmented by charges to the Salary Adjustment Fund where necessary.
* A plantilla of personnel shall be prepared by each institution and submitted to the Office of Compensation and Position Classification of the Ministry of the Budget within thirty (50) days hereof, showing the basis of upgrading, the necessary computations and funding sources. Payment of differentials may be immediately implemented, subject to final verification of the plantilla.
* The rules and regulations needed to comply with this Letter shall be formulated and issued by the Minister of the Budget.
| | | (Sgd.) FERDINAND E. MARCOS |
| | | President |
| | | Republic of the Philippines |
| By the President: | By the President: | |
| (Sgd.) JUAN C. TUVERA | (Sgd.) JUAN C. TUVERA | |
| | Presidential Assistant | |
This work is in the public domain because it is a work of the Philippine government (see Republic Act No. 8293 Sec. 176).
All official Philippine texts of a legislative, administrative, or judicial nature, or any official translation thereof, are ineligible for copyright.
An additional license tag is required in order to demonstrate why this work is freely licensed or in the public domain in the United States.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Letter of Instruction No. 11 (Marcos)

Source: Official Gazette. Vol. 68, No. 41. Office of the President. 1972. pp. 7953–7954.
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MALACAÑANG RESIDENCE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA
LETTER OF INSTRUCTION No. 11
To All Government Officers Concerned:
In order to facilitate the reorganization of the Executive Branch of the national government as directed in Presidential Decree No. 1, dated September 24, 1972, and in order that the Judicial Branch may also be reorganized so as to meet the necessities of the present national emergency, make the government machinery more responsive to the needs of the people and effect economy, I hereby direct, pursuant to General Order No. 1, dated September 22, 1972, as amended, that all officers of the national government whose appointments are vested in the President of the Philippines submit their resignations from office, thru their Department Heads, not later than October 15, 1972.
Acceptance of a resignation as directed herein will not imply disciplinary action nor cause a forfeiture of retirement or other benefits as may have legally accrued.
This letter of instruction does not apply to officials holding positions provided in the Constitution, namely: the Chief Justice and Associate Justices of the Supreme Court, the Auditor General and the Chairman and members of the Commission on Elections.
Done in the City of Manila, this 29th day of September, 1972.
(Sgd.) Ferdinand E. Marcos President Republic of the Philippines
This work is in the public domain because it is a work of the Philippine government (see Republic Act No. 8293 Sec. 176).
All official Philippine texts of a legislative, administrative, or judicial nature, or any official translation thereof, are ineligible for copyright.
An additional license tag is required in order to demonstrate why this work is freely licensed or in the public domain in the United States.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Letter of Instruction No. 13 (Marcos)

Source: Official Gazette. Vol. 68, No. 41. Office of the President. 1972. pp. 7955–7956.
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MALACAÑANG RESIDENCE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA
LETTER OF INSTRUCTION No. 13
| To: | The Chairman Board of Censors for Motion Pictures Manila |
Pursuant to Proclamation No. 1081 dated September 21, 1972, and in order to safeguard the morality of our society, particularly the youth, against the negative influence of certain motion pictures, you are hereby directed to ban forthwith the following films for public exhibition in any theatre in the Philippines.
    (1) Films which tend to incite subversion, insurrection or rebellion against the State;
    (2) Films which tend to undermine the faith and confidence of the people in their government and/or duly constituted authorities:
    (3) Films which glorify criminals or condone crimes;
    (4) Films which serve no other purpose but to satisfy the market for violence or pornography;
    (5) Films which offend any race or religion;
    (6) Films which tend to abet the traffic in and use of prohibited drugs;
    (7) Films contrary to law, public order, morals, good customs, established policies, lawful orders, decrees or edicts; and any or all films which in the judgment of the Board are similarly objectionable and contrary to the letter and spirit of Proclamation No. 1081.
Any violation of this Order shall mean the outright cancellation, withdrawal, and revocation of the permits of the films, the closure of the theatre or theatres involved, as well as the arrest and prosecution of any persons concerned. In the implementation hereof, you shall coordinate with the Department of National Defense and other proper agencies of the government.
This order shall remain effective for the duration of the present national emergency or until otherwise ordered by me or by my duly designated representative.
Done in the City of Manila this 29th day of September in the year of our Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-two.
(Sgd.) Ferdinand E. Marcos President Republic of the Philippines
This work is in the public domain because it is a work of the Philippine government (see Republic Act No. 8293 Sec. 176).
All official Philippine texts of a legislative, administrative, or judicial nature, or any official translation thereof, are ineligible for copyright.
An additional license tag is required in order to demonstrate why this work is freely licensed or in the public domain in the United States.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Letter of Instruction No. 12 (Marcos)

Source: Official Gazette. Vol. 68, No. 41. Office of the President. 1972. pp. 7954–7955.
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MALACAÑANG RESIDENCE OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA
LETTER OF INSTRUCTION No. 12
| To: | The Secretary of Finance The Commissioner of Customs The Commissioner of Internal Revenue |
In order to facilitate the implementation of the program of reforms of the Government, and in relation to your letter, dated September 28, 1972, recommending disciplinary action against certain officials and employees, who are either facing charges or notoriously undesirable, in the different offices under the Department of Finance, you are hereby directed to take the following actions:
1. Dismiss immediately all officials and employees recommended for dismissal and falling under Category 1 in your report, and whose names are contained in said report, which is attached as an integral part of this Instruction;
2. Require the officials and employees included in Categories 1 and 2 in your report, namely —
       (a) Those who are considered resigned because while the administrative cases against them are still pending, the evidence of guilt are strong;
       (b) Those who are separated from the service, because while there are no complaints against them, they are notoriously undesirable;
to resign from their respective posts immediately.
The name of these officials and employees are likewise contained in your report and is now made an integral part of this Instructions.
Your immediate compliance with this Order is enjoined.
(Sgd.) Ferdinand E. Marcos President Republic of the Philippines
This work is in the public domain because it is a work of the Philippine government (see Republic Act No. 8293 Sec. 176).
All official Philippine texts of a legislative, administrative, or judicial nature, or any official translation thereof, are ineligible for copyright.
An additional license tag is required in order to demonstrate why this work is freely licensed or in the public domain in the United States.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Life and Love

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Life and Love."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Life and Love", a poem by Elizabeth Barrett Browning
* "Life and Love" in Littell's Living Age, 143 (1847)", a poem by Friedrich Rückert, translated by W. D. Scoones
# Kinetic Theories of Gravitation/Boisbaudran, 1869

Another short paper, entitled a "Note on the Theory of Weight," was presented to the Academy September 20, 1869, by M. Lecoq de Boisbaudran, called forth by the previous communication of M. Leray. He remarks: "Having been myself occupied on this question, I have the honor to communicate to the Academy the actual state of my researches. On certain points, and particularly on the explanation of the central, heat of the stars, I am happy to agree with M. Leray ; on other points my conclusions differ from his. I attribute to matter, whatever may be its state of division, no other essential properties than those established by experimental physics and mechanics. I designate as atoms the last stage of division of matter. I admit that two bodies separated by an absolute void cannot act on each other ; that action takes place only by contact, the play of forces following the laws of ordinary mechanics. If there existed but a single kind of atoms, the interchange of forces occurring between equal masses, two atoms could not unite. Force and matter would exist, but not attraction. There are then at least two kinds of primordial atoms of different masses. The smaller may be called aether ; the others, ponderable atoms." The writer then goes on to say that a ponderable atom in the midst of a vibrating aether would itself receive a vibration (though of less activity than that of the aether) without being displaced in space, the portion of energy lost by the aether being transformed into heat, etc. A second atom being placed near the first, the aether vibrations would be feebler between the two than in exterior space, which would result in approach.
" I prefer the notion of vibrations of the aether to that of "equal currents crossing each other in all directions." The attraction exerted on [271] a ponderable atom is cot in the simple ratio of its mass; for if this mass equalled that of an aether atom, the attraction would be nil. If there exist ponderable atoms of different masses their rate of fall would be unequal. If there were but one kind of ponderable atom, all bodies would fall with equal velocity. Experience seems to justify the last hypothesis, but very slight differences of mass in the ponderable atoms would suffice to determine the formation of chemical elements of very different atomic weights, and an inequality of their fall would escape unadvised observers.
After affirming the law of distance, M. Boisbaudran says : " In consequence of the inertia of the aether, attraction is not proportional to the real masses, but no more is it to the number of ponderable atoms contained in a body. The vis viva of the atoms of aether, however great, has a finite value." Lastly, he remarks : " It is to the longitudinal vibrations of the aether that I attribute the cause of weight."
Neither the hypothesis of M. Leray, nor that of M. Boisbaudran, presents any feature of special novelty, requiring comment.
# Kinetic Theories of Gravitation/Boucheporn, 1849

M. F. de Boucheporn read a memoir to the French Academy of Sciences, July 30, 1849, entitled "Researches on physical laws considered as consequences of the only essential properties of matter, impenetrability and inertia;" the object proposed being to show the considerations leading to the conclusion that all physical law rests simply on these necessary attributes of matter, " without the supposition of any force."
He commences with the general recognition, "It is an idea quite old in science that the movements of the heavenly bodies may be explained by an external impulsion or by the action of a universal fluid. This was the earliest idea of French philosophy, being that of Descartes, and even Newton himself had thought of connecting with it the great law of gravitation."
Boucheporn proceeds to cite some of the principles and results developed. " 1st. The intensity of an impulse propagated in the aetherial [241] medium follows the law of the inverse square of the distance from the center of disturbance. 2d. The resistance of the aether does not sensibly affect the velocity of a body when this is sufficiently less than that of aetherial propagation ; but this resistance becomes a uniform pressure on the entire surface of a body, (supposed spherical,) and even determines its sphericity. 3d. Taking as unity the density of the fluid, the quantity of motion impressed by a body on the aether is equal to its volume multiplied by the square of its velocity ; which is also the measure of the total pressure on the surface of a body. 4th. Propagated to the interior of the heavenly bodies, the pressure would produce the effect that all layers of equal thickness will inclose the same quantity of matter, and that the mean density is three times that of the surface. This kind of homogeneity would not be affected by the action of heat. In short, from such great internal condensation, it may be conjectured that the heavenly bodies are almost entirely impermeable by the aether, as will shortly appear from an astronomical law. 5th. As to attraction ; the displacement of the aether by the movement of a body A, will produce in all parts of the fluid a sort of aspiration toward the point being left by its center; any other body B receiving these aspiring waves on its nearer hemisphere will have lost all or a part of its own pressure; and the half pressure (volume multiplied by the squared velocity) which acts on the opposite hemisphere, no longer being counterbalanced, wdl give an impulse to the body B in the direction of A. Such would be the principle of attraction. ..."
The writer finds a verification of his principles in the relation existing between the respective masses of the planets and the product of their volumes by the square of their velocities, omitting the cases of Uranus and Neptune. Also by determining the velocity of an attracting body from that of its satellite, knowing only the ratio of the radius to the distance; and lastly, by determining the amount on fall of heavy bodies from the angular velocity of the earth, irrespective of its mass!
# Letters from England/On Board Ship

​On Board Ship
WHEN you are on shore, you would like to be on the ship which is just sailing; when you are on board ship, you would like to be on the shore which is far away. When I was in England, I kept thinking of how nice it is to be home. When I am home, perhaps I shall be thinking of how much finer and better it is to be in England than anywhere else.
I have seen greatness and power, wealth, prosperity, and an incomparably high standard of achievement. Never have I felt sad at the idea that we form only a small and imperfect corner of the world. To be small, unsettled, and uncompleted is a good and valiant mission. There are large and splendid Atlantic liners with three funnels, first class steamboats which rumble along on the ​high seas; and there are small, unpretentious cargo tramps. Well, friends, it takes quite a lot of pluck to be one of those small and uncomfortable conveyances. But do not say that things in our country are on a small scale; the universe around us is, thank God, just as great as the universe around the British Empire. A small steamboat will not hold as much as one of those big ships; but, my dear sir, it can sail just as far or even else where. That depends on the crew.
My head is still all in a whirl; for a moment, I feel as if I had just come out of a ​huge factory and were deafened by the stillness outside; and then the next moment it is as if I could hear all the pious chimes of England ringing.
But already in my mind there begin to be mingled with this the Czech words which I shall hear in a short time. We are a small nation and so each man in it will appear to me as if I knew him personally. The first one I see will be a corpulent and noisy man ​with a Virginia cigarette, talkative and wearing his heart on his sleeve. And we shall pass the time of day as if we knew each other.
That low strip on the horizon is already Holland with its windmills, avenues, and black-and-white cows; an even and pleasant country, homely, cordial and cosy.
In the meanwhile the white coast of England has vanished; what a pity that I forgot to say good-bye to it. But when I am home, I shall meditate on everything I have seen, and whatever may be the topic of conversation—the education of children or transport problems, literature or the respect of man ​for man, horses or easy-chairs, what people are like, or what they should be like, I shall start my remarks in the manner of an expert: “Now in England . . .”
But nobody will be listening to me.
Printed in Great Britain by Butler & Tanner Ltd., Frome and London
# Letters from England/The Lake District

BACK IN ENGLAND
1. The Pilgrimage to the Sheep. There are sheep in every part of England, but the Lake Sheep are specially curly; they graze on silken lawns, and remind one of the souls of the blessed in heaven. Nobody watches them, and they spend their time in feeding, sleeping, and divine ponderings. I have ​drawn them, imbuing them with as much calm and tender joy of life as can be achieved by means of a fountain pen.
2. The Pilgrimage to the Cows. The Lake Cows differ from others by reason of their special reddish tinge; besides this they are distinguished from other cows by the charm of the landscape in which they graze, and by their mildness of expression. They walk about in the Elysian Fields the whole day long; and when they lie down they slowly and solemnly ruminate words of thanksgiving. In my picture I have surrounded them with all the beauties of the Lake District; you see there a bridge be​neath which flows a small river with trout, soft shrubs, wavy trees, oval and pleasant hills covered with copses and quickset hedges, the ridges of the Cumbrian mountains, and finally a sky full of moisture and light; amongst the trees you perceive the tops of cottages built of reddish or greenish stone, and you will admit that to be a cow in the Lake District is a great favour which falls to the lot only of the most sacred and worthy among all creatures.
3. The Pilgrimage to the Horses. Horses in England do nothing else but graze all day or walk about on beautiful grass. Perhaps they are not horses at all, but Swift’s Houyhnhnms, a wise and semi-divine race which ​does not engage in trade, takes no part in politics, and is not even interested in the horse-racing at Ascot. They regard man indulgently and almost without antagonism; they are remarkably intelligent. Sometimes they meditate, sometimes they rush about with flying tails, and sometimes they gaze in so majestic and solemn a manner, that man beside them feels himself to be a sort of ape. To draw a horse is the most difficult task which has hitherto come my way. When I made an attempt at it, the horses surrounded me, and one of them with might and main tried to eat up my sketch-book; I had to beat a retreat, when he refused to be satisfied with my showing him my pictures from afar.
​There are many other beautiful things in the Lake District, thus, in particular, the winding rivers, the bushy and magnificent trees, the paths twining like ribbons, the call of the mountains and the tranquillity of the valleys, the crinkled and peaceful lake; and along these twining paths pant chars-à-bancs full of tourists, motor-cars fly, and women slip on bicycles; only the Sheep, the Cows and the Horses ruminate deliberately and without haste on the beauties of nature.