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# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Yen Ch'ang-ming

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​YEN Ch'ang-ming 嚴長明 (T. 冬友, 東有, H. 道甫), 1731–1787, man of letters, was a native of Nanking, Kiangsu. As a boy, through the recommendation of Li Fu [q. v.], he studied under Fang Pao [q. v.] and Yang Shêng-wu 楊繩武 (T. 文叔, chin-shih of 1713). In 1755 he held a position in the office of Lu Chien-tsêng [q. v.], then salt commissioner of Yangchow, and thus had an opportunity to study in the excellent library of the wealthy Ma family (see under Ma Yüeh-kuan) in that city. There he also met many of the famous scholars whom the Ma family patronized. He was granted the chü-jên degree in 1762, at a special examination convened by Emperor Kao-tsung on the latter's third southern tour, and was made a secretary in the Grand Secretariat. He participated in the compilation of the P'ing-ting Chün-ko-êr fang-lüeh (see under Fu-hêng) and the Ta Ch'ing i-t'ung chih (see under Hsü Ch'ien-hsüeh), being particularly useful in the editorial office because of his knowledge of the languages of the Mongols and other Central Asian peoples. Subsequently, as a result of good judgment in advising against a suggestion of the Board of Revenue to put aside the various headings of tax-items and include then in a lump sum under the same heading as the land-tax item, Yen came to the favorable attention of Liu T'ung-hsün [q. v.], and. was recommended by the latter to serve as a secretary in the Grand Council of State. In 1771 or 1772 he was promoted to the position of assistant reader in the Grand Secretariat. Shortly thereafter because of the death of his parents he retired, never again to return to public life.
After his retirement Yen Ch'ang-ming travelled in Shensi, remaining there for about ten years and working in the office of the governor, Pi Yüan [q. v.]. While in Shensi he helped in the compilation of a gazetteer for the prefecture of Sian, the Hsi-an fu-chih (see under Pi Yüan). In his later years, he went to Ho-fei, Anhwei, where he was director of the Lu-yang 廬陽 Academy, and where he died. In Yen's studio, the Kuei-ch'iu ts'ao-t'ang 歸求草堂, there was gathered a library of thirty thousand chüan of books and three thousand chüan of inscriptions from bronzes and stones. It is said that the margins of all his books were filled with critical comments. One of his friends was the novelist, Wu Ching-tzŭ [q. v.], whom he mentions several times in poems. Of the large quantity of his prose writings (more than 100 chüan dealing with some 20 topics, including mathematics) none have been printed. Thanks to Yeh Tê-hui (see under Chu I-tsun), some of his verse is now available in a collection entitled 嚴東有詩集 Yen Tung-yu shih-chi (10 chüan, preface 1911) appearing in the collection 觀古堂彙刻書 Kuan-ku t'ang hui-k'o shu (1902).
A son, Yen Kuan 嚴觀 (T. 子進, H. 述齋), was a specialist in epigraphy. His best-known work, entitled 江寧金石記 Chiang-ning chin-shih chi, 8 chüan, with supplement (待訪目, 2 chüan) was first printed in 1804. It deals with inscriptions on monuments in the environs of Nanking.
[1/490/12a; 3/146/1a; Chin-ling t'ung-chuan (see bibl. under Ts'ên Yü-ying) 34/1a.]
R. O. Suter
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Yekšu

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​YEKŠU 葉克舒(書), d. 1658, Manchu officer, bore the clan-name Hoiho, though his father was chieftain of the Nimača clan. With his neighbor, Kanggûri [q. v.] and others, Yekšu joined the service of Nurhaci [q. v.] in 1610 and was made captain of a niru in the Plain Red Banner. In 1621 he was promoted for bravery in the attack on Liaoyang, and by 1626 had risen to be assistant commander of his Banner. When the Six Ministries were organized in 1631 he became one of two directors of the Board of War. In the following year he was appointed commander of the Plain Red Banner which he led on campaigns inside the Great Wall during the years 1634 to 1636. On his return from the last expedition he was tried for failure to control his troops and was reduced to the rank of captain. But in the next three years he again won recognition for his services in warfare against the Koreans, and for a successful attack on the Gûwalca clan which dwelt along the Nonni river. His former position in the Board of War was restored to him, and after a successful campaign against the Solon tribe of Manchus on the upper Heilungkiang he was re-appointed commander of his Banner (1640). He took part again in the war with the Ming, serving at the siege of Chin-chou in 1640 and 1641. The next year he accompanied Abatai [q. v.] on his march into China, but when he returned he was deprived of all hereditary titles, and reduced to the rank of captain, after charges of repeated insubordination and carelessness had been preferred against him. After the death of T'ai-tsung in 1643 he was again made assistant commander. In the battle with Li Tzŭ-ch'êng [q. v.], in the following spring, he was severely wounded—losing one eye. Despite this he continued in active service for the next two years, winning special recognition for his extermination of bandits in Shantung. In 1616, after thirty-six years of military activity, he was settled at Shêng-ching (Mukden) as garrison commander. Eleven years later he was accused of concealing the misdeeds of the keeper of the late Emperor T'ai-tsung's mausoleum. He died in 1658 shortly after being deprived, for the third time, of a11 his titles. His three sons, of whom the most prominent was Daola 道喇, acquired hereditary ranks through their own merits. The captaincy of niru 5, as well as its off-shoots, niru 4, 6, and 7, in the third division ​of the Plain Red Banner, remained in the possession of his descendants.
[2/233/7a; 3/266/41a; 11/4/54b; 34/164/3a.]
George A. Kennedy
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Fu Wei-lin

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​FU Wei-lin 傅維鱗 (T. 掌雷, H. 歉齊, original ming Wei-chên 維楨), d. 1667, official and scholar, was a native of Ling-shou, Chihli. After receiving his chin-shih in 1646, he became a Hanlin compiler and was assigned to the compilation of the Ming history. In 1648 he directed the provincial examination of Kiangnan, and in 1652 was made senior secretary of the Supervisorate of Instruction. Owing to his outspoken frankness he was sent in the following year, as intendant, to Lin-ch'ing, Shantung, where in a time of famine (1654) he devised effective relief measures and submitted plans for the reform of the colonization system, which were adopted. Recalled in 1655, he was promoted several times and in 1657 became senior vice-president of the Censorate in which capacity he submitted a ​memorial on the promotion of scholarship in the Court. This document Emperor Shih-tsu characterized as the best submitted during the preceding years of his reign. Later he was given the title of Junior Guardian of the Heir Apparent (1658) and served as president of the Board of Revenue (1661). In 1666 while serving as superintendent of construction of Emperor Shih-tsu's tomb, he resigned on account of ill health and died the following summer.
Fu Wei-lin's most important literary work is a history of the Ming dynasty, 明書 Ming-shu, covering the years from 1328 to 1644, in 171 chüan, with a table of contents in two additional chüan. It was published by his son some time before 1679 and later was included in the Chi-fu ts'ung-shu (see under Ts'ui Shu), which consists of reprints of writings by natives of Chihli province. According to his autobiographical preface he utilized for this work more than three hundred sources, but concedes that it is incomplete for the period after 1620.
[Ssŭ-k'u, 50/14b; 3/45/16a; 4/9/9b; 10/2/18b; Hsieh Kuo-chên, W.M.S.C.K. (1932) 1/6a; Ho-pei ti-i po-wu-yüan hua-pao (see under Cha Li), nos. 60, 61; 大清畿輔書徵 Ta-Ch'ing Chi-fu shu-chêng 27/6b.]
Tu Lien-chê
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Gali

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​GALI 噶禮 d. 1714, a Manchu of the Donggo clan belonging to the Manchu Plain Red Banner, was a great-grandson of Hohori [q. v.]. After study at government expense he was made a second-class secretary, and later a department director, in the Board of Civil Office. In 1696, when the forces of Emperor Shêng-tsu attacked Galdan [q. v.] and the Eleuths in Mongolia, Gali served under Yü Ch'êng-lung (1638–1700, q.v.) in charge of military grain transport for the middle route. After several promotions he was, three years later, made Governor of Shansi where he showed himself a diligent, clever, and able executive. He was, however, covetous, lax in control of minor officials, and oppressive towards the people. Hence after a few years much opposition developed and numerous accusations were made against him. Official investigations did not sustain these, however, and the accusers were punished. In 1709 he was transferred to the vice-presidency of the Board of Revenue, and then to the governor-generalship of Kiangnan and Kiangsi. There he showed still less restraint, attacking and deposing many officials, some of high character and ability like Ch'ên P'êng-nien [q. v.]. His conflict with Chang Po-hsing [q. v.] is famous, and resulted finally in his removal from office in 1712. In 1714 he was accused by his mother of participating with his nephew in an attempt to poison her. For this crime, and for giving rein to covetousness while in high office, the Board of Punishments judged him to be worthy of the lingering death. He committed suicide and was followed in this by his wife who had been condemned to death for otherwise making trouble for the family. His brother and nephew were beheaded. A foster son, also involved, was banished and the family property was confiscated by the state. Ka-li-êr hu-t'ung 噶禮兒胡同, a lane inside the gate, Hsüan-wu mên 宣武門 in Peking, is believed to have been the site of Gali's residence.
[1/284/4a; 2/12/26b; 11/23/33b; 京師坊巷志 Ching-shih fang-hsiang chih, 2/23a; 文獻叢編 Wên-hsien ts'ung-pien, no. 2 (Wang Hung-hsü [q. v.], 密繕小摺 Mi-shan hsiao-chê, no. 17); ibid, no. 9 清康熙硃批諭旨 Ch'ing K'ang-hsi chu-p'i yü-chih 3b–7a.]
Dean R. Wickes
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Fêng P'u

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​FÊNG P'u 馮溥 (T. 孔博, 易齋), 1609–1692, Jan.–Feb., official, was a native of I-tu, Shantung. A chin-shih of 1646, he became a compiler of the Hanlin Academy three years later. In 1670 he was made president of the Board of Punishments and in the following year a Grand Secretary. In 1673 he was appointed one of the director-generals for the compilation of the "veritable records", or shih-lu, of T'ai-tsung (see under Abahai). In that same year, as well as later in 1679, he was chief examiner of the metropolitan examinations. When the special examination known as po-hsüeh hung-tz'ŭ was given in 1679 (see under P'êng Sun-yü) he was one of the four readers, or yüeh-chüan kuan 閱卷官, who were asked to judge the papers. Appreciative of the talents of younger men and eager to encourage them, he was instrumental in getting several to try in the examination. After 1670 he repeatedly asked permission to retire on account of old age, but the request was not granted until 1682. In the winter of that year the Shih-lu of T'ai-tsung was completed, and in recognition of that achievement he was given the title of Grand Tutor of the Heir Apparent. He died at the age of eighty-three (sui) and received the official posthumous title, Wên-i 文毅.
During his official career Fêng P'u memorialized the throne on many valuable administrative reforms concerning the judiciary, taxation, and the storage of grain against famine years. In 1667 he re-established the orphanage, Yü-ying t'ang 育嬰堂, in the southeast corner of the south city of Peking. This institution was first set up by Chin Chih-chün [q. v.] but it was only through the efforts of Fêng P'u that it was firmly established. It was designated as a model by an imperial edict of 1724, and the provinces were ordered to found similar institutions. Fêng P'u built a garden adjacent to it, which on account of its numerous willow trees, was called Wan-liu t'ang 萬柳堂, or "The Hall of a Myriad Willows". In this retreat he used to receive scholars and hold literary gatherings. Famous literary men of the time, such as Mao Ch'i-ling, Chu I-tsun, and Ch'ên Wei-sung [qq. v.], have left essays concerning the place.
The collected works of Fêng P'u, entitled 佳山堂集 Chia-shan t'ang chi, 10 chüan, were printed in the K'ang-hsi period. A supplement in 9 chüan appeared under the title, Chia-shan t'ang êr (二) chi.
[2/7/38a; 3/3/33a; 4/11/22a; 7/3/14b; Nien-p'u 年譜 of Fêng P'u in Mao Ch'i-ling's [q. v.] Hsi-ho ho-chi; 益都縣圖志 I-tu hsien t'u-chih (1907) 37/1a; Jih-hsia chiu-wên k'ao (see under Chu I-tsun) 56/5a, 8b; Ssŭ-k'u, 181/12a.]
Tu Lien-chê
# Dodge v. Osborn

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
240 U.S. 118
Dodge v. Osborn
Argued: October 12, 1915. --- Decided: February 21, 1916
Mr. Fred A. Baker for appellants.
Solicitor General Davis and Assistant Attorney General Wallace for appellee.
Mr. Chief Justice White delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dodge v. Menasha Wood Split-Pulley Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
169 U.S. 738
Dodge v. Menasha Wood Split-Pulley Company
Lysander Hill, for petitioners.
William F. Vilas, for respondents.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dodge v. Knowles

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
114 U.S. 430
Dodge v. Knowles
J. H. Gordon, for appellants.
No appearance for appellee.
GRAY, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dodge v. Freedman's Savings Trust Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
106 U.S. 445
Dodge v. Freedman's Savings Trust Company
[Syllabus from page 445 intentionally omitted]
[Statement of Case on pages 445-446 intentionally omitted]
John D. McPherson and Randall Hagner, for appellant.
Enoch Totten and Wm. a. McKenney, for appellee.
WAITE, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dodge v. Freedman's Savings Trust Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
106 U.S. 445
Dodge v. Freedman's Savings Trust Company
Section 808 of the Revised Statutes relating to the District of Columbia is as follows:
'Section 808. The proceeding to enforce any lien shall be by bill or petition in equity, and the decree, besides subjecting the thing upon which the lien has attached to the satisfaction of the plaintiff's demand against the defendant, shall adjudge that the plaintiff recover his demand against the defendant and that he may have execution thereof as at law.'
This statute applies to suits for the foreclosure of deeds of trust in the nature of mortgages to secure the payment of money, and authorizes a decree in favor of the plaintiff against the debtor defendant for the payment of the balance of the debt that may remain due after the application thereto of the proceeds of the sale of the trust property, and an order for execution thereof as at law. This is such a decree in such a suit and it is consequently affirmed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dodge v. Menasha Wood Split-Pulley Company/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
169 U.S. 738
Dodge v. Menasha Wood Split-Pulley Company
Edward Rector filed brief in opposition to petition by leave of court.
No opinion. Petition for a writ of certiorari to the United States circuit court of appeals for the Seventh circuit denied. See 30 C. C. A. 455, 86 Fed. 904.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Eight Harvard Poets/A Crucifix

A CRUCIFIX
THIS was the cross of God on which men's eyes Dwelt with the love of dead divinity, As they who by the desolate orient sea In battle made their sainted sacrifice, Dreaming their boundless striving should devise A symbol whereby men might know that he Who wins his way on earth to victory, Thus in his consummated sorrow dies.
All things are sacred to that tender sight: Time's ancient altars whence strange incense curled Innocent to the unknown gods; the light Of love is thine; faith's banner is unfurled, Even where the farthest watchmen, through the night, Call on the cloud-wrapped ramparts of the world.
# Eight Harvard Poets/A Farewell

A FAREWELL
NAY: by this desolate sea our troubled ways Shall separate forever; swift hath sped The hour of youth, and yet to hang the head, Lamenting lost things of departed days, Were only from that shadowland to raise A wraith, that whispering of the quiet dead, Would mimic the strange life of love; instead, Let us relent and hail the past with praise.
Go, then; and should inevitable fate Lead us at last beyond the world of men Where laurel and applause content no more, Whither the soul takes silence for its mate, There might we meet, and, smiling, once again Clasp hands and part upon some windy shore.
# Eight Harvard Poets/A Chorus Girl

When thou hast taken thy last applause, and when The final curtain strikes the world away, Leaving to shadowy silence and dismay That stage which shall not know thy smile again, Lingering a little while I see thee then Ponder the tinsel part they let thee play; I see the red mouth tarnished, the face grey, And smileless silent eyes of Magdalen.
The lights have laughed their last; without, the street Darkling, awaiteth her whose feet have trod The silly souls of men to golden dust. She pauses, on the lintel of defeat, Her heart breaks in a smile — and she is Lust … Mine also, little painted poem of God.
# Eight Harvard Poets/After Rain

AFTER RAIN
ALL day the heavy skies have lowered, Long beaten by autumnal rain; The lilac's withered leaves lie showered Where little rain-pools star the plain; All things that for a season flowered Sink back to earth again.
Strange, then, that with the year's decrease And out of gathering dusk you rise Seeking love's ultimate surcease, Phantom, whose memory-haunted eyes Know that there never can be peace Hoped-for, till memory dies.
In vain where these dead leaves lie strown Where all things, bending earthward, fail, Like a young spirit newly flown, Flower-fragile, blossom-like and pale, You search; and must fly back, a blown Rose leaf on the cold gale.
You might have rested but for this: That love's intense flame burning through The shuddering body with a kiss
Woke in the prisoned spirit, too, So keen an ecstasy of bliss As could, for all they made amiss, Nor life nor death undo.
# Eight Harvard Poets/A Renaissance Picture

A RENAISSANCE PICTURE
CALM little figure, ivy-crowned, How long beneath the barren tree Where this pale, martyred god has found Surcease from his long agony, You watch with an untroubled gaze Life move on its accustomed ways!
Within your childish heart there dwells No sorrow that uprising dims Your eye, whence not a teardrop wells For pity of those writhen limbs, Or for the travail of a race Consummate in one lifeless face.
Though tinkling caravans go by Forever over twilight sands, With myrrh and cassia laden high For other shrines in other lands, No weight of grief thereat you know, But softly on your pan-pipes blow.
From what dim mountain have you strayed, Where, ringed by the Hellenic seas, You dwelt in an untrodden glade
Sacred to woodland deities, Along whose faint paths went at dawn Endymion or a dancing faun?
From groves where sacrificing throngs Called you by some fair Grecian name, With ritual meet and choric songs, Strange, that to this dark hill you came To seek, unmindful of their loss, A refuge underneath the cross.
There is some deeper secret lies Hidden out of human sight In keeping of those tranquil eyes That shine with such immortal light, And in their shadows gleam and glow While still upon your pipes you blow.
All but inscrutable, your gaze Declares your place is even here, Sharing this martyr's cup of praise, And year by sadly westering year, Till the last altar lights grow dim, Dividing sovereignty with him.
# Eight Harvard Poets/Calm Day, with Rollers

CALM DAY, WITH ROLLERS
ALWAYS the ships that move in mystery on the dim horizon,
Shadow-filled sails of dreams, sliding over the blue-grey ocean,
Far from the rock-edged shore where willow-green waves are rushing,
And white foam-people leap, to stand erect for the moment.
Ho! ye sails that seem to wander in dream-filled meadows,
Say, is the shore where I stand the only field of struggle,
Or are ye hit and battered out there by waves and wind-gusts
As ye tack over a clashing sea of watery echoes?
# Eight Harvard Poets/A Dull Sunday

A DULL SUNDAY
(After Debussy)
IT has been a long day, A long, long day; And now in floods of twilight, In long green waves of sunset softly flowing, Evening. It is evening over the great towns, It is evening in our hearts.
And though the last frail tendrils And flowers of incense Have long ago uncurled themselves around The cynical Cathedral, I hear the thin white voices of children, Little girls and little boys, Calling the name of Jesus And His most Sacred Heart, Singing about a kind of parish heaven, A little walled city, all golden and lilac, Like the one seen by Francis Villon's mother In an old, bituminous, smoke-bitten painting Of the Middle Ages.
And in this faith she wished to live and die.
# Eight Harvard Poets/A Sea Gull

A SEA GULL
Grey wings, O grey wings against a cloud, Over the rough waves flashing, Whose was the scream, startling and loud, Keen through the skies,—was it thine, Over the moaning wind and the whine Of the wide seas dashing? Whose was the scream that I heard In the midst of the hurrying air? Was it thine, lost bird, Or the voice of an old despair Chanting from years long dead, Inexorable spirit flying On tempest wings that passed and fled Through the storm crying?
# Eight Harvard Poets/Across the Taut Strings

ACROSS the taut string of my yearning soul Pass fingers of all fleet and beautiful things: Comings of dawn and moonlight glimmerings, Mid-summer hush and Sabbath bells that toll Over broad fields, a sound of thrushes' wings Near sunset hour, a girl with lips apart, Wonder and laughter, — these have touched my heart And left their music lingering on its strings.
At twilight of some gray, eventual year, A few late friends will turn, with trembling breath, From the raw mound of earth that hides my face. … Yet I shall still find beauty, even in death, And some lone traveller of the night will hear An echo of music in that quiet place.
# Eight Harvard Poets

* related portals: Poetry.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
EIGHT HARVARD POETS
* E. ESTLIN CUMMINGS
* S. FOSTER DAMON
* J. R. DOS PASSOS
* ROBERT HILLYER
* R. S. MITCHELL
* WILLIAM A. NORRIS
* DUDLEY POORE
* CUTHBERT WRIGHT
NEW YORK LAURENCE J. GOMME 1917
Copyright, 1917, by LAURENCE J. GOMME
VAIL-BALLOU COMPANY BINGHAMTON AND NEW YORK
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1982, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 41 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
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