OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Buche

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Buche | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Buche, f., ‘beech, beech-tree,’ from the equiv. MidHG. buoche, OHG. buohha; AS. bôc-treów, with the collateral form bêce (from boeciae), E. beech. The form bôc has been preserved in E. buckmast, buckwheat; comp. OIc. bók, Goth. *bôka, ‘beech.’ The name of the tree is derived from pre-Teut.; according to Lat. fâgus, ‘beech,’ and Gr. φᾶγός, φηγός, its Europ. form would be bhâgos. The Gr. word signifies ‘edible oak.’ This difference between the Gr. word on the one hand and the Teut.-Lat. on the other has been explained “by the change of vegetation, the succession of an oak and a beech period”; “the Teutons and the Italians witnessed the transition of the oak period to the beech period, and while the Greeks retained φηγός in its orig. signification, the former transferred the name as a general term to the new forests which grew in their native wastes.” Comp. Eiche. Buche is properly ‘the tree with edible fruit’ (comp. Gr. φαγεῖν, ‘to eat,’ and φηγός), and hence perhaps the difference of meaning in Gr. may be explained from this general signification, so that the above hypothesis was not necessary.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hochzeit

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hochzeit | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hochzeit, f., ‘wedding,’ from MidHG. hôchzît (also hôchgezit), f. and n., ‘a great ecclesiastical or lay feast,’ then also ‘wedding feast.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hof

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hof | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hof, m., ‘yard, courtyard, manor, court,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. hof (hoves), m.; comp. OSax. and Du. hof, m., AS. hof, n. (obsolete at the end of the AS. period); in West Teut. ‘courtyard, farm, garden (thus in Du. and OHG.), (prince's) palace,’ AS. also ‘circle, district, globe.’ OIc. hof, n. (the same gender as in AS.), ‘temple with a roof,’ later also (under G. influence) ‘palace, courtyard.’ Goth. *hufa-, m. and n., is curiously wanting. Since the cognates are based upon pre-Teut. kúpo, they cannot be allied to Gr. κῆπος, ‘garden,’ Lat. campus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hitze

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hitze | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hitze, f., ‘heat, ardour, passion,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hitze, OHG. hizza, f. (for *hitja, the Goth. form); comp. Du. hitte, hette, OIc. hite, m., ‘heat’; all formed by the weakest stage of gradation from the stem of the adj. heiß (Teut. root hī̆t, hait, ‘hot’). OHG. hizza was adopted by Rom. (comp. Ital. izza, ‘anger, indignation’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hohn

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hohn | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hohn, m., ‘scorn, scoffing,’ from MidHG. (very rare), hôn, m., OHG. (very rare), hôna, f., ‘scorn, mockery, ignominy’; a fem. subst. formed from an old adj., OHG. *hôn, represented by hôni, ‘despised, ignominious, base,’ Goth. hauns, ‘base,’ AS. heán (obsolete in the beginning of the MidE. period), ‘base, miserable, ignominious.’ With this is connected the vb. höhnen, from MidHG. hœnen, OHG. hônen, wk. vb., ‘to abuse’; comp. Goth. haunjan, ‘to degrade,’ to which hauneins, ‘humility,’ is allied; AS. hŷnan, ‘to degrade, humble’ (from the OHG. vb. Fr. honnir, ‘to cover with disgrace,’ and honte, ‘disgrace,’ are derived). It corresponds in the non-Teut. language to Lett. kauns, ‘shame, ignominy, disgrace,’ Lith. kuveti-s, ‘to be ashamed’; hence Goth. hauns. ‘humble, base,’ can hardly have originated in the sensuous meaning ‘base.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hobel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hobel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hobel (dial. Hofel), m., ‘plane,’ rom the equiv. MidHG. (rare) hobel, hovel, m.; comp. MidLG. hövel, Swed. hyfvel. ModIc. hefill, m., ‘plane,’ proves nothing for the wrongly assumed connection with heben. Its relation to OHG. hovar, AS. hofer, ‘hump, boss,’ is also dubious.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hocke

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hocke | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hocke (1.), ‘shock (of corn), cock (of hay),’ first occurs in ModHG., perhaps from LG.; yet UpG. (Suab. and Tyrol.) hock, m., ‘cock.’ Perhaps allied to hoch and Haufe (root kuk); Lith. kúgis, ‘cock,’ points, however, to a different root. In West Teut. a cognate term with a prefix s appears — MidHG. schocke, schoche, ‘cock,’ E. shock, and the equiv. MidE. schokke. With regard to the prefix s comp. Stier, Drossel, and links.
Hocke (2.), m., ‘huckster,’ MidHG. hucke, m.; MidG. hoke, with a long vowel (hence HG. Höfer, Höferei, &c.), Du. hok, ‘booth’?. Comp. MidDu. heukster, MidE. ​huckstere, E. huckster; probably akin to hocken, ‘to squat.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hirte

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hirte | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hirte, m. (a strictly HG. form compared with the orig. LG. Herde), ‘herdsman, shepherd, pastor,’ from MidHG. hirte, OHG. hirti; comp. OLG. hirdi, AS. hyrde (and heorde, connected with heord, ‘herd’), ‘herdsman,’ still found in E. shepherd (sceâphyrde in AS.), OIc. hirðer, Goth. haírdeis, m., ‘herdsman’; derived by the addition of ja- from Teut. herdô-, ‘herd.’ Hence Hirte is orig. ‘he that belongs to the herd.’ Another derivative is exhibited by Du. and MidLG. herder, m., MidHG. hërtœ̂re, ‘herdsman,’ lit. ‘herder,’ whence Herder as a proper name. With this word Lith. kèrdżus, skèrdżus, ‘herdsman,’ is also connected?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hitte

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hitte | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hitte, f., LG. goat (Bav. Hette, Hettel, and without mutation Swiss and Suab. Hattel), a pet term for MidHG. hatele, ‘goat’; comp. the equiv. OIc. haðna as well as Hippe.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hode

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hode | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hode, f., ‘testicle,’ from the equiv. MidHG. hode, OHG. hodo, n.; comp. MidDu. hode, and in OFris. hotha, ‘testicle.’ Of obscure origin; perhaps allied to Lat. côleus, ‘scrotum,’ if it stands for *côtleus?.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Hoffart

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Hoffart | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Hoffart, f., ‘haughtiness, arrogance,’ from MidHG. hôchvart, f., ‘living in high style, magnanimity, splendour, magnificence, haughtiness’; from hôch and vart; MidHG. varn, ‘to live,’ as in Wohlfahrt.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewicht

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Gewicht. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewicht, neuter, ‘antlers,’ see Geweih. — Gewicht, neuter. ‘weight,’ from the equivalent Middle High German gewiht, gewihte, neuter; Old High German *giwiht; verbal abstract of wiegen; corresponding to Anglo-Saxon gewiht, English weight, Dutch gewigt, Old Icelandic vœtt.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gestüt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Gestüt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gestüt, see Stute.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gevatter

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Gevatter. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gevatter, masculine. ‘godfather, sponsor, gossip,’ from Middle High German gevatere, Old High German gifataro, ‘spiritual co-father, godfather’; an imitation of eccles. Latin compater. From this was also formed Old High German gifatara, Middle High German gevatere, feminine, ‘godmother.’ Compare also Vetter and Pate.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewehr

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Gewehr. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewehr, neuter, ‘weapon of defence, gun, musket,’ from Middle High German gewęr, feminine neuter, ‘guard, defence, bulwark, weapon; even in Old High German giwęr, neuter, ‘weapon, goad,’ węri, ‘rampart, means of defence.’ Allied to wehren.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Getreide

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Getreide. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Getreide, neuter, ‘grain, corn,’ from Middle High German getręgede, neuter, ‘everything that is carried, clothing, luggage; what the soil bears (flowers, grass), corn,’ even in late Old High German (11th century), gitręgidi, neuter, ‘revenue, possesion.’ The Modern High German sense is first found in 14th century.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Geweih

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Geweih. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Geweih, neuter, ‘horns, antlers,’ from the equivalent Middle High German gewîge (hirzgewîge), neuter; in Old High German the corresponding word is wanting; compare Dutch gewicht, neuter, ‘stag's antlers,’ whence a German variant Gewicht. The cognates have most frequently been connected with the Old Teutonic root wī̆g, ‘to fight’ (see Weigand); Geweih would then be regarded as the weapon of the stag.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewerbe

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Gewerbe. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewerbe, neuter, ‘mode of acquisition, trade, craft, from Middle High German gewërbe, neuter, ‘activity, business’; allied to werben.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewalt

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Gewalt. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewalt, feminine, ‘power, authority, force,’ from the equivalent Middle High German gewalt, masculine, feminine, Old High German giwalt, masculine, feminine; allied to walten.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewand

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Gewand. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewand, neuter, ‘garment, dress, garb,’ from Middle High German gewant(d), neuter, ‘clothing, armour, dress stuff, material’ (with the last meaning Modern High German Gewandhaus is connected); Old High German only in the late recorded compound, badagiwant(t), ‘vestis mutatoria.’ The older word for ‘Gewand’ was Middle High German gewœte, Old High German giwâti, also Old High German and Middle High German wât. Old High German giwant, appears as ‘turning, winding,’ and upon this sense (‘enveloping’) the meaning ‘clothing’ is based; compare Latin toga, from tegere, ‘to cover.’ See winden. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Gewissen

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Gewissen. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Gewissen, neuter,‘conscience,’ from Middle High German gewiȥȥen, feminine neuter, ‘knowledge, information, privity, inner consciousness, conscience,’ even in Old High German giwiȥȥanî, feminine, ‘conscience’ (Dutch geweten); probably an imitation of Latin conscientia (German ge equivalent to Latin con, as in Gevatter), compare also barmherzig; in Gothic midwissei. Old High German giwiȥȥanî is most closely connected with wissen, THG. infin wiȥȥan.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lunge

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lunge. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lunge, feminine, ‘lung,’ from the equivalent Middle High German lunge, Old High German lungun (plural lungunnâ), feminine; corresponding to the equivalent Gothic *luggô, Old Icelandic lunga, Anglo-Saxon lungen, English lungs (properly plural on account of the two lobes), Dutch long. Some etymologists connect these cognates with the Old Teutonic root ling, ‘to be light,’ which appears in leicht and gelingen. Compare Portuguese leve, ‘lung,’ from Latin levis, ‘light,’ English lights from light, Russian legkoe from legkij.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lunte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lunte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lunte, feminine, ‘lunt, match,’ Modern High German only; corresponding to Dutch lonte, English lunt, Danish lunte. In earlier Modern High German and in modern dialects it signifies ‘wick of a lamp’ (properly ‘tow’?), allied to Middle High German lünden, ‘to burn’ (Old High German lunda, ‘tallow’?). Further cognates are uncertain. — Lunte, ‘brush of a fox,’ is a figurative sense of Lunte, ‘lunt’ (i.e., from its fiery colour).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lägel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lägel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lägel, see Legel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Luft

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Luft. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Luft, feminine (Upper German masculine), ‘air, breeze,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German luft, masculine and feminine; a common Teutonic term; compare Gothic luftus, Old Icelandic lopt, Anglo-Saxon lyft (English lift, dialectic only), Old Saxon luft, Dutch lucht, ‘air’. Whether Old Icelandic lopt, ‘loft’ (compare Laube), is a derivative of the same word remains dubious; nor is it of any help in determining the primitive sense of the specifically Teutonic luftu-, especially as indubitable cognates in the non-Teutonic languages are wanting.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lärm

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lärm. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lärm, masculine, ‘alarm, noise,’ Modern High German only; like English larum, it originated in French ​alarme (from Italian allarme) by dropping the unaccented initial vowel; properly a military term identical with Alarm.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lug

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lug. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lug, masculine, Lüge, feminine, ‘lie, falsehood,’ from the equivalent Middle High German luc (g), lüge (lügene), Old High German lugin, feminine; an abstract of lügen (dialectic liegen), Middle High German liegen, Old High German liogan, strong verb ‘to lie.’ Compare Old Saxon lugina, ‘lie,’ from liogan, Dutch leugen, logen, from liegen, Anglo-Saxon lyge (English lie), from leógan, Gothic liugn, ‘lie,’ from liugan, strong verb ‘to lie.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lump

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lump. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lump, masculine, ‘scamp, ragamuffin,’ Modern High German only; properly identical with Lumpen, masculine, ‘rag, tatter,’ which in late Middle High German appears as lumpe with the same sense. It was probably introduced from Low German; compare Dutch lomp, ‘rag, tatter, patch,’ lomperd, ‘lout’ (to this Old Icelandic leppr, ‘shield,’ is allied?); compare Lappen and Lasse. — lumpen, verb, literally ‘to treat or regard as a ragamuffin.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lärche

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lärche. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lärche, feminine, ‘larch,’ from the equivalent Middle High German lęrche, larche; Old High German *larihha is by chance not recorded, but Latin larix (accusative larĭcem, compare Kelch from Latin calicem) necessarily leads to Old High German *larik, and then by permutation and mutation to *lęrihha. The permutation of k to ch, and the fact that the word is based on a Latin term pronounced larikem (English larch), point to a very early adoption; compare Kelch.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Luke

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Luke. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Luke, feminine, ‘dormer window, hole, hatchway,’ properly a Low German word meaning ‘opening’; allied to Loch.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Lust

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Lust. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Lust, feminine, ‘pleasure, delight, fancy, lust,’ from the equivalent Middle High German lust, masculine and feminine, Old High German lust, feminine; corresponding to Gothic lustus, Old Icelandic lyst, Anglo-Saxon lyst, lust, English list, lust, Dutch and Old Saxon lust; a common Teutonic abstract, the origin of which is still dubious. Its relation to lieben (Teutonic root lub, ‘to ​desire’), as well as to the root lus (see verlieren) is improbable; it is rather connected with a root has, ‘to desire,’ to which is allied Greek λιλαζομαι, Sanscrit root laš (for lals), ‘to desire,’ and also with the Sanscrit root lod, lud, ‘to move.’
# An Anarchist FAQ

* information about this edition.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
* Introduction
* What is anarchism?
* Why do anarchists oppose the current system?
* What are the myths of capitalist economics?
* How do statism and capitalism affect society?
* What do anarchists think causes ecological problems?
* Is "anarcho"-capitalism a type of anarchism?
* Is individualist anarchism capitalistic?
* Why do anarchists oppose state socialism?
* What would an anarchist society look like?
* What do anarchists do?

## Appendix

* Anarchism and "Anarcho"-capitalism
* The Symbols of Anarchy
* Anarchism and Marxism
* The Russian Revolution
* Bibliography
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# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schmeer

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schmeer. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schmeer, masculine, ‘fat, grease, smear,’ from the equivalent Middle High German smër (genitive smërwes), Old High German smëro (genitive smërwes), neuter; compare schmieren. From the root smër, contained in these words, are derived Gothic *smaír-þr, neuter, ‘fat, fatness,’ Dutch smeer, ‘fat, grease, tallow,’ Anglo-Saxon smeoro, English smear, Old Icelandic smjǫr, ‘butter’; also, with a different meaning, Gothic smarna, ‘dirt, excrement’ (compare its relation to Schmeer and schmieren), and, in a figurative sense, Old High German and Anglo-Saxon bismer, ‘contumely.’ In the non-Teutonic languages the word has been compared, probably without any justification, with Greek μὕρω, ‘to trickle,’ μῦρον, ‘salve.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schmergel

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schmergel. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schmergel, masculine, ‘emery,’ early Modern High German only, from the equivalent Italian smeriglio.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schmerl

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schmerl. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schmerl, masculine, Schmerlin, ‘merlin,’ from Middle High German smirl, masculine, smirlîn, ‘mountain falcon,’ Old High German smirl, masculine, Old Icelandic smyrell; loan-words from Ron.; compare Italian smerlo, smeriglione, French émerillon, ‘stone-falcon’; English merlin comes from French. The Romance name of the bird is usually derived from Latin merula, ‘blackbird’; “it is said that the Latin word is applied to a bird similar to the blackbird.”
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schmetten

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schmetten. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schmetten, see Schmant.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Schmaus

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Schmaus. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Schmaus, masculine, ‘feast, banquet’; its history and origin are obscure. Yet Dutch smullen, ‘to eat or drink immoderately, carouse,’ smuisteren, ‘to feast, Dutch and Low German smudderen, smodderen, ‘to feast,’ are probably cognate. The word is unknown to the Old Teutonic period.