OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Binham, Simon

​ BINHAM or BYNHAM, SIMON (fl. 1335), chronicler, a monk of the priory of Binham, Norfolk, one of the cells belonging to the abbey of St. Albans, upheld his prior, William Somerton, in resisting the unjust exactions of Hugh, abbot of St. Albans (1308–1326). The cause of the Binham monks was taken up by the gentry of the neighbourhood, and Sir Robert Walkefare, the patron of the cell, prevailed on Thomas, earl of Lancaster, to uphold them. Emboldened by this support, the prior and his monks refused to admit the visitation of the abbot, and the gentlemen of their party garrisoned the priory against him. The abbot, however, appealed to the king, Edward II, who ordered the prior's supporters to return to their homes. Simon and the other rebellious monks were brought to St. Albans and imprisoned. After a while they were released and admitted into the brotherhood, but as a mark of disgrace were sentenced to walk in fetters in all processions of the convent. Simon lived to become an influential member of the house, for in the time of Abbot Michael (1336–1349) he was chosen by the chapter as one of the three receivers or treasurers of the collections made for the support of scholars and needy brethren. In a notice of the historians of St. Albans, he is said to have written after Henry Blankfrount or Blaneforde [q. v.], and before Richard Savage. The works of Binham and Savage are lost, or at least are unidentified. It has, however, been suggested that Binham may have written some of the fragments published in the Rolls edition of the 'Chronicle of Rishanger.'
[Gesta Abbatum Mon. S. Albani, ii. 131, 305, Rolls ser.; Joh. Amundesham Ann. Introd. lxvi, 303, Rolls ser.; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. 144.]
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Binham, William

​BINHAM or BYNHAM, WILLIAM (fl. 1370), theologian, was a native of Binham in Norfolk, where there was a Benedictine priory dependent on the abbey of St. Albans. Doubtless through this connection he entered the monastic profession at the abbey, and became ultimately prior of Wallingford, which was also a cell belonging to St. Albans. He had been a student at Oxford, of which university he is described as doctor of divinity, and had there come into close intimacy with John Wycliffe. Binham, however, remained true to the traditions of the church, and after a while separated himself from his friend, with whom at length he engaged in controversy, and proved, as the catholic Leland confesses, no match for his antagonist. His only recorded work was written on this occasion, 'Contra Positiones Wiclevi.' It is not known to be extant, but Wyclif's reply ('Contra Willelmum Vynham monachum S. Albani Determinatio') is preserved in a Paris manuscript, Lat. 3184, ff. 49–52 (Shirley, Catal. of the original Works of Wyclif, p. 20). The last notice of Binham's life occurs in 1396, when he, as prior of Wallingford, was detained by illness from attending the election of an abbot of St. Albans on 9 Oct. (Gesta Abbatum Monasterii S. Albani, iii. 426, ed. H. T. Riley, 1869).
[Leland's Comm. de Script. Brit. dcxxviii. p. 381; Bale's Script, Brit. Cat. vi. 5, p. 456; Tanner's Bibl. Brit. p. 101.]
R. L. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Binyon, Edward

​BINYON, EDWARD (1830?–1876), landscape painter, born about the year 1830, was a member of the Society of Friends. He painted both in oil and in water-colours, and his works show much power of colouring; one of them, 'The Bay of Mentone,' has frequently been reproduced. He contributed from 1857 to 1876 to the exhibitions of the Dudley Gallery and the Royal Academy, among the pictures which he sent to the latter being, in 1859, 'The Arch of Titus;' in 1860 'Capri;' in 1873 'Marina di Lacco, Ischia;' in 1875 'Coral Boat at Dawn, Bay of Naples;' and in 1876 'Hidden Fires, Vesuvius from Capodimonte.' He lived many years in the island of Capri, where he died in 1876, from the effects of bathing while overheated.
[Bryan's Dictionary of Painters and Engravers, ed. Graves, 1884; Royal Academy Exhibition Catalogues, 1859-76.]
R. E. G.
# Declaration no. 142-N of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR

Declaration on the occasion of the creation of the Commonwealth of the Independent States.
December 26, 1991, no. 142-N
The Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, following the will of the supreme state organisations of the Republic of Azerbaijan, of the Republic of Armenia, of the Republic of Belarus, of the Republic of Kazakhstan, of the Republic of Kyrgyzstan, of the Republic of Moldova, of the Russian Federation, of the Republic of Tajikistan, of Turkmenistan, of the Republic of Uzbekistan and of Ukraine regarding the creation of the Commonwealth of the Independent States, stipulates that with the creation of Commonwealth of the Independent States, the Union of SSR ceases to exist as a state and as a subject of international law.
The Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR addresses the heads of the Independent States with a proposition to put the following questions under consideration:
- About the legal continuity of the Union of SSR and of the union-level power bodies and questions of power regarding the creation of the Commonwealth of the Independent States.
- About the creation of the inter-parliamentary body of the Commonwealth to preserve the united legal, economical, humanitarian and ecological space on territories of the member states of the Commonwealth.
- About the ratification, enforcement of and/or nullification of international treaties signed by the Union of SSR before the creation of the Commonwealth.
The Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR calls to the highest representative organs and to the heads of the member states of the Commonwealth to do everything in their power to enforce the rights and freedoms of the citizens of all ethnicities according to the Universal declaration of human rights, peaceful coexistence of the peoples of the Commonwealth, democratic development of their statehood good-neighbourly, cooperation-based relations with other states and peoples of the world community, to unflinchingly enforce the international obligations as stipulated in treaties and agreements of the Union of SSR.
Chairman of the Soviet of the Republics of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR
A. Alimzhanov
# Declaration of Conscience

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* Declaration of Conscience, radio broadcast by Albert Schweitzer
* Declaration of Conscience, speech by American Margaret Chase Smith
# Declaration of Delhi

This International Congress of Jurists, consisting of 185 judges, practising lawyers and teachers of law from 53 countries, assembled in New Delhi in January 1959 under the aegis of the International Commission of Jurists, having discussed freely and frankly the Rule of Law and the administration of justice throughout the world, and having reached conclusions regarding the legislative, the executive, the criminal process, the judiciary and the legal profession, (which conclusions are annexed to this Declaration),
Now solemnly
Reaffirms the principles expressed in the Act of Athens adopted by the International Congress of Jurists in 1955, particularly that independent judiciary and legal profession are essential to the maintenance of the Rule of Law and to the proper administration of justice;
Recognises that the Rule of Law is a dynamic concept for the expansion and fulfilment of which jurists are primarily responsible and which should be employed not only to safeguard and advance the civil and political rights of the individual in a free society, but also to establish social, economic, educational and cultural conditions under which his legitimate aspirations and dignity may be realised;
Calls on the jurists in all countries to give effect in their own communities to the principles expressed in the conclusions of the Congress; and finally
Requests the International Commission of Jurists
This Declaration shall be known as the Declaration of Delhi.
Done at Delhi this 10th day of January 1959
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bird, Francis

​BIRD, FRANCIS (1667–1731), sculptor, was born in Piccadilly. He was sent when eleven years old to Brussels, and there studied (Walpole) under one Cozins, a sculptor who had been in England. From Flanders he found his way, on foot it is said, to Rome, and worked under Le Gros. At nineteen, ‘scarce remembering his own language,’ he came home, and studied under Gibbons and Cibber. Redgrave gives 1716 as the date of his return, which seems, however, to be a mistake. After another short journey to Rome, performed also on foot, he succeeded to Cibber’s practice and set up for himself. The work which raised his reputation, and which alone maintains it now, was the statue of Dr. Busby for Westminster Abbey. Though not in itself superexcellent, it is yet a marvel of art if we compare it only with other works by the same hand. Bird secured the favour of Christopher Wren, and was largely employed upon the decoration of St. Paul’s. He executed the group thr the pediment of the west end, ‘The Conversion of St. Paul,’ of which Horace Walpole remarks: ‘Any statuary was good enough for an ornament at that height, and a great statuary had been too good.’ The same observation applies to the five figures of apostles which maybe dimly descried upon the roof of either transept. For the statue of Queen Anne which confronts Ludgate Hill Bird received 1,130l. A public statue in London needs to be very bad to attract to its demerits any special attention. The fact, therefore, that our public took peculiar delight in mutilating this group may be attributed rather to the advantage of its position than to its undoubted meanness as a piece of art. It was removed in 1885, and is to be replaced. His monument of Sir Clowdisley Shovell in Westminster Abbey is one of the worst works in the world. It was to this that Pope applied the epithet ‘the bathos of sculpture.’ His work, Nagler says, is barbarous in style and devoid of any charm. He was, however, for a long period at the head of his profession ​in England, and produced a vast number of statues. Many of these may be seen by the curious in Westminster Abbey. He died in 1731.
[Gent. Mag. vol. i.; Walpole's Anecdotes of Painting, ii. 636; Redgrave's Dict, of Artists of the Eng. School; Nagler's Allgemeines Künstler-Lexikon.]
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Birckbek, Simon

1904 Errata appended.
​BIRCKBEK, SIMON (1584–1656), divine, was born at Hornby in Westmoreland. At the age of sixteen he became a student of Queen's College, Oxford, where he was ‘successively a poor serving child, tabarder, or poor child, and at length fellow, being then master of arts.’ He proceeded B.A. in 1604, and B.D. in 1616. Entering holy orders about 1607, he became noted as a preacher and disputant, as well as for his extensive knowledge of the fathers and schoolmen. In 1616 he was admitted to the reading of the sentences, and the year after was made vicar of the church of Grilling in Yorkshire, and also of the chapel of Forcet, near Richmond, in the same county. He received these preferments ‘by the favour of his kinsman, Humphrey Wharton.’ During the troubles of the civil war he 'submitted to the men in power,’ and therefore ‘kept his benefice without fear of sequestration] His most important work is entitled ‘The Protestant's Evidence, showing that for 1,500 years after Christ divers Guides of God’s Church have in sundry Points of Religion taught as the Church of England now doth,’ London, 1634. The book is thrown into the form of a dialogue between a papist and a protestant, and was valued by Selden. A friend having forwarded to Birckbek a copy of his book covered with marginal glosses, which the annotator entitled ‘An Antidote necessary for the reader thereof,’ an elaborate ‘Answer to the Antidotist’ was appended to a second edition of the ‘Evidence' in 1657. The 1657 edition, with this appendix, was published again in 1849 in the supplement to Gibson’s ‘Preservative from Popery,' by the Reformation Society, the Rev. John Cumming being the editor. Birckbek also wrote a ‘Treatise of the Last Four Things’ (death, judgment, hell, and heaven), London, 1655. He died 14 Sept. 1650, and was buried in Forcet Chapel.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 421, and Fasti, i. 302, 366; B.M. Catalogue]
R. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.28 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 71 | ii | 18 | Birckbek, Simon: for 1634 read 1635 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Birchington, Stephen

​BIRCHINGTON, STEPHEN (fl. 1382), historical writer, probably derived his name from a village in the isle of Thanet. He became a monk of Christ Church, Canterbury, in 1382, though it is said that he was closely connected with that house before. For some time he held the offices of treasurer and warden of the manors of the monastery. The year of his death is not recorded. He wrote ‘Vitæ Archiepiscoporum Cant.,’ edited by Wharton in his ‘Anglia Sacra,' and, according to his editor’s belief, another and longer hook on the ‘Lives of the Archbishops,' which has not been preserved. In the same codex with the manuscript of the ‘Vitæ' Wharton found three other histories, viz. ‘De Regibus Anglorum,’ ‘De Pontificibus Romanis,’ and ‘De Imperatoribus Romanis,' which he also assigns to Birchington.
[Wharton’s Anglia Sacra, Pref. i.]
W. H.
# Department of Commerce Announces the Addition of Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. to the Entity List

* information about this edition.
* related portals: United States Department of Commerce.
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May 20, 2019.
WASHINGTON – Today, the Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) of the U.S. Department of Commerce announced that it will be adding Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. and its affiliates to the Bureau’s Entity List. This action stems from information available to the Department that provides a reasonable basis to conclude that Huawei is engaged in activities that are contrary to U.S. national security or foreign policy interest. This information includes the activities alleged in the Department of Justice’s public superseding indictment of Huawei, including alleged violations of the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), conspiracy to violate IEEPA by providing prohibited financial services to Iran, and obstruction of justice in connection with the investigation of those alleged violations of U.S. sanctions.
The sale or transfer of American technology to a company or person on the Entity List requires a license issued by BIS, and a license may be denied if the sale or transfer would harm U.S. national security or foreign policy interests. The listing will be effective when published in the Federal Register.
“This action by the Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security, with the support of the President of the United States, places Huawei, a Chinese owned company that is the largest telecommunications equipment producer in the world, on the Entity List. This will prevent American technology from being used by foreign owned entities in ways that potentially undermine U.S. national security or foreign policy interests,” said Secretary of Commerce Wilbur Ross. “President Trump has directed the Commerce Department to be vigilant in its protection of national security activities. Since the beginning of the Administration, the Department has added 190 persons or organizations to the Entity List, as well as instituted five investigations of the effect of imports on national security under Section 232 of the Trade Act of 1962.”
Additions to the Entity List are decided by the End-User Review Committee which is comprised of officials from the Department of Commerce, Department of Defense, State Department, and Department of Energy. Under § 744.11(b) of the Export Administration Regulations, persons or organizations for whom there is reasonable cause to believe that they are involved, were involved, or pose a significant risk of becoming involved in activities that are contrary to the national security or foreign policy interests of the United States, and those acting on behalf of such persons, may be added to the Entity List.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006/Division A
## DIVISION A—DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE APPROPRIATIONS ACT, 2006

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
    That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2006, for military functions administered by the Department of Defense and for other purposes, namely:
    This division may be cited as the ``Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2006´´.

## See also

* Department of Defense Appropriations Act (disambiguation)
# Department of Defense Appropriations Act

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Department of Defense Appropriations Act."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1998, Pub.L. 105−56
* Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 1999, Pub.L. 105−262
* Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2000, Pub.L. 106−79
* Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2001, Pub.L. 106−259
* Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2002
* Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2003, Pub.L. 107−248
* Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2004, Pub.L. 108−87
* Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2005, Pub.L. 108−287
* Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2006
* Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2007
* Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2008
* Department of Defense Appropriations Act, 2009

## External link

* Status of Appropriations Legislation for Fiscal Year 2010, with other years linked
# Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006/Division B
## DIVISION B — EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS TO ADDRESS HURRICANES IN THE GULF OF MEXICO AND PANDEMIC INFLUENZA, 2006

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
    That the following sums are appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to address hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and pandemic influenza for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2006, and for other purposes, namely:

#### TITLE I — EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS TO ADDRESS HURRICANES IN THE GULF OF MEXICO

    CHAPTER 1 — DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 2 — DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 3 — DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE − CIVIL
    CHAPTER 4 — DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
    CHAPTER 5 — DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 6 — DEPARTMENTS OF LABOR, HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES AND EDUCATION
    CHAPTER 7 — DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE - MILITARY CONSTRUCTION, DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
    CHAPTER 8 — DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
    CHAPTER 9 — DEPARTMENTS OF TRANSPORTATION, HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT AND THE JUDICIARY

#### TITLE II — EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS TO ADDRESS PANDEMIC INFLUENZA

    CHAPTER 1 — DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
    CHAPTER 2 — DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 3 — BILATERAL ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE
    CHAPTER 4 — DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
    CHAPTER 5 — DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
    CHAPTER 6 — DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
    CHAPTER 7 — DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS
    CHAPTER 8 — DEPARTMENT OF STATE AND RELATED AGENCY

#### TITLE III — RESCISSIONS AND OFFSETS

    CHAPTER 1 — DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE
    CHAPTER 2 — DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
    CHAPTER 3 — EXPORT-IMPORT BANK OF THE UNITED STATES
    CHAPTER 4 — DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY
    CHAPTER 5 — DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR
    CHAPTER 6 — DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, DEPARTMENT OF STATE
    CHAPTER 7 — DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION
    CHAPTER 8 — GOVERNMENT-WIDE RESCISSIONS

#### TITLE IV — HURRICANE EDUCATION RECOVERY ACT

    Subtitle A — Elementary and Secondary Education Hurricane elief
    Subtitle B — Higher Education Hurricane Relief

#### TITLE V — GENERAL PROVISIONS AND TECHNICAL CORRECTIONS

This division may be cited as the ``Emergency Supplemental Appropriations Act to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico and Pandemic Influenza, 2006´´.
# Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006

Note: This is the original legislation as it was initially enacted. Any subsequent amendments hosted on Wikisource may be listed using What Links Here.
An Act Making appropriations for the Department of Defense for the fiscal year ending September 30, 2006, and for other purposes.
    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled,
    This Act may be cited as the ``Department of Defense, Emergency Supplemental Appropriations to Address Hurricanes in the Gulf of Mexico, and Pandemic Influenza Act, 2006´´.
Approved December 30, 2005.

## Legislative History

* H.R. 2863
   * HOUSE REPORTS:
   ** No. 109-119 (Comm. on Appropriations).
   ** No. 109-359 (Comm. of Conference).
   * SENATE REPORTS:
   ** No. 109-141 (Comm. on Appropriations).
   * CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, Vol. 151 (2005):
   ** June 20, considered and passed House.
   ** Sept. 29, 30, Oct. 3-7, considered and passed Senate, amended.
   ** Dec. 19, House agreed to conference report.
   ** Dec. 21, Senate agreed to conference report.
   * WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS, Vol. 41 (2005):
   ** Dec. 30, Presidential statement.
This work is in the public domain in the U.S. because it is an edict of a government, local or foreign. See § 313.6(C)(2) of the Compendium II: Copyright Office Practices. Such documents include "legislative enactments, judicial decisions, administrative rulings, public ordinances, or similar types of official legal materials" as well as "any translation prepared by a government employee acting within the course of his or her official duties."
These do not include works of the Organization of American States, United Nations, or any of the UN specialized agencies. See Compendium III § 313.6(C)(2) and 17 U.S.C. 104(b)(5).
A non-American governmental edict may still be copyrighted outside the U.S. Similar to {{PD-in-USGov}}, the above U.S. Copyright Office Practice does not prevent U.S. states or localities from holding copyright abroad, depending on foreign copyright laws and regulations.
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# Detroit City Railway Company v. Guthard

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United States Supreme Court
114 U.S. 133
Detroit City Railway Company v. Guthard
John C. Donnelly, F. A. Baker, and Geo. F. Edmunds, in opposition to motion.
Henry M. Duffield, for motion.
WAITE, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse