OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Phillips, Edward (fl.1730-1740)

​PHILLIPS, EDWARD (fl. 1730–1740), dramatist, stated by Baker to be of Cambridge, was the author of the following pieces: 1. ‘The Chambermaid,’ a ballad opera in one act, based upon the ‘Village Opera’ of Charles Johnson (1679–1748) [q. v.], and produced as an after-piece at Drury Lane on 10 Feb. 1729–30, London, 1730, 8vo. 2. ‘The Livery Rake and Country Lass.’ This comic opera, with sprightly songs, was repeated several times at the Haymarket and Drury Lane, where ‘first Phillis’ was played by Mrs. Pritchard, London, 1732. 3. ‘The Mock Lawer,’ a musical farce produced at Covent Garden on 27 April 1733. The libretto, printed at Dublin in 1737, is scarce. 4. ‘Britons strike Home, or Sailors' Rehearsal,’ London, 1739, 8vo. This musical piece was, according to Genest, devoid of unity and ‘full of claptraps.’ Nevertheless, Macklin and Mrs. Clive appeared in it when produced at Drury Lane on 31 Dec. 1739, and it was revived on 27 March 1779. A scarce satirical poem on the condition of the stage, with a prose introduction, entitled ‘The Players’ (London, 1733, 4to), is doubtfully attributed to Phillips (Lowe, Bibl. Account of Theatrical Lit. p. 266; cf. Introduction to The Players, ad fin.)
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Phillips, George (1593-1644)

​PHILLIPS, GEORGE (1593–1644), nonconformist divine and colonist, was born in Rainham, Norfolk, of ‘honest parents,’ in 1593, and went to Caius College, Cambridge, in 1613. After graduating B.A. in 1617, he became a curate at Boxted in Essex. On 27 April 1630 he sailed for Massachusetts on the Arabella under Winthrop's auspices. He landed in June. On the voyage out he subscribed his name with others to a letter of ‘those who esteem it an honour to call the Church of England, from whence we rise, our dear mother.’ But he personally inclined to the congregational form of church government. ‘There is come over,’ says a correspondent of Governor Bradford, ‘one Mr. Phillips (a Suffolk [sic] man) who hath told me in private that if they will have him stand minister by that calling which he received from the prelates in England, he will leave them.’ To this attitude he did not adhere.
In company with Sir Richard Saltonstall and others, Phillips, on disembarking, formed a settlement on the Charles River, which they named Watertown. There, on 30 July 1630, they ‘observed a day of solemn fasting and prayer … organised themselves into a church, and built a house of God before they could build many houses for themselves.’ On 23 Aug., at the first court held at Charlestown, the first business was to arrange for building a house for the minister and to vote Phillips a stipend of 30l. a year as from 1 Sept.
At Watertown Phillips remained as pastor, declining an offer of preferment in Virginia. A man of decided force of character, he proved a learned scholar and able disputant. In 1631 a deputation from the church at Boston came to expostulate with him and his elder for disseminating certain opinions friendly to the church of Rome. His knowledge of the scriptures was profound; he read them through six times yearly. He was author of a tract on ‘Infant Baptism,’ published apparently posthumously (1645). He died on 1 July 1644. He married in England, but lost his wife soon after his arrival in Massachusetts. His eldest son, Samuel Phillips, obtained some reputation as a divine, and his descendants included many men distinguished in America ‘by their civil stations and munificent patronage of institutions of learning and benevolence.’
C. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Phillips, Giles Firman

​PHILLIPS, GILES FIRMAN (1780–1867), landscape-painter, born in 1780, had some reputation as a landscape-painter in water-colours, his favourite subjects being views on the Thames. He was a member of the new Water-colour Society and also a frequent exhibitor at the Society of British Artists, and occasionally at the Royal Academy and other exhibitions from 1830 to 1858. Phillips published ‘Principles of Effect and Colour, as applicable to Landscape Painting,’ which ran through three editions; and in 1839 a ‘Practical Treatise on Drawing and Painting in Water-colours, with Illustrative Examples,’ &c., with illustrations by himself. Phillips died on 31 March 1867, aged 87.
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Thomson, Jocelyn Home

​THOMSON, JOCELYN HOME (1859–1908), chief inspector of explosives, born at Oxford on 31 Aug. 1859, was the second of four sons of William Thomson, provost of Queen's College, Oxford, afterwards archbishop of York [q. v.]. Educated at Eton and the Royal Academy, Woolwich, Thomson entered the royal artillery in 1878, and engaged the following year in the Zulu war. Subsequently he was transferred to India, and thence he proceeded to Egypt, where he served in the royal horse artillery.
From an early age he was an earnest student of astronomy, and when twenty-three years of age he was nominated by the Royal Society an observer of the transit of Venus in the island of Barbados, receiving commendation for his accurate and painstaking work. From 1887 to 1892 he served on the staff of the Department of Artillery and Stores, and from 1892 to 1893 was second assistant to the director-general of ordnance factories. Meanwhile in 1888 he acted as secretary to the war office explosives committee, of which Sir Frederick Abel [q. v. Suppl. II] was president. The smokeless powder 'cordite,' recommended to the government in 1890 for adoption, received its name from Thomson. His comprehensive grasp of the characteristics of explosive substances enabled him to render conspicuous services to the committee. In 1891 he went to Canada to conduct tests on cordite when exposed to the influence of a cold climate.
Thomson was appointed an inspector of explosives under Sir Vivian Majendie in 1893, and in 1899 he succeeded Majendie as chief inspector.
In 1901 the Belgian government conferred upon him the Order of Leopold. He was made C.B. in 1907.
From 1900 to 1902 Thomson by official leave acted as consulting engineer in connection with the undertaking for transmitting electrical power from the Cauvery Falls to the Mysore gold fields. Afterwards he acted in a similar capacity to the Jhelum Valley electrical transmission scheme. In each his efforts met with signal success.
Thomson displayed versatile gifts in mechanical invention. Among useful apparatus which he devised were a mercury vacuum pump, a petroleum testing appliance, and a 'position-' or 'range-finder.' For the last named he received a grant of 500l. from the war department.
Suffering from nervous breakdown, Thomson shot himself on 13 Feb. 1908 at his residence in Draycott Place, Chelsea. He was buried in Brompton cemetery. He married in 1886 Mabel Sophia, fourth daughter of Thomas Bradley Paget, of Chipping Norton, Oxfordshire, vicar of ​Welton, East Yorkshire. He had no issue. He was the author of a useful compendium, 'Guide to the Explosives Act, 1875,' and wrote many valuable official reports. He collaborated with Sir Boverton Redwood in 'Handbook on Petroleum; with Suggestions on the Construction and Use of Mineral Oil Lamps' (1901 ; 2nd edit. 1906); and 'The Petroleum Lamp, its Choice and Use' (1902).
[Private information; 32nd Annual Report, H.M. Inspectors of Explosives; Rise and Progress of the British Explosives Industry, 1909; Arms and Explosives, March 1908; Annual Register, 1908; The Times, 15 and 18 Feb. 1908.]
T. E. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Thring, Godfrey

​THRING, GODFREY (1823–1903), hymnologist, born at Alford, Somerset, on 25 March 1823, was third son of John Gale Dalton Thring, rector and squire of Alford, by his wife Sarah, daughter of John Jenkyns, vicar of Evercreech, and sister of Richard Jenkyns [q. v.], Master of Balliol. Henry Thring, Lord Thring [q. v. Suppl. II], and Edward Thring [q. v.], headmaster of Uppingham, were elder brothers. Educated at Shrewsbury school, he matriculated at Balliol College, Oxford, in 1841, graduating B.A. in 1845. After his ordination in 1846 he held successively the curacies of Stratfield-Turgis (1846–50), of Strathfieldsaye (1850–3), of Euston, Norfolk (1856), and of Arborfield, Berkshire (1857), and in 1858 succeeded his father as rector of Alford, becoming in 1876 prebendary of Wells. He resigned his living in 1893, and died at Shamley Green, Surrey, on 13 September 1903. Thring published 'Hymns and other Verses' (1866); 'Hymns, Congregational and Others' (1866); and 'Hymns and Sacred Lyrics' (1874). He also edited in 1880 'A Church of England Hymn Book, adapted to the Daily Services of the Church throughout the Year' (a revised edition appeared in 1882; 3rd edit. 1891).
​The literary standard of this collection is very high, but its practical use has been limited. Thring wrote many hymns which have attained popularity. Among them are 'The radiant morn hath passed away'; 'Fierce raged the tempest'; 'Saviour, blessed Saviour'; and 'Thou, to whom the sick and dying.' He produced what is generally admitted to be the best translation for singing of Luther's 'Ein' feste Burg,' 'A Fortress sure is God our King'; this is No. 245 in 'Church of England Hymn Book' (1882).
[Julian's Dictionary of Hymnology; W. Garrett Horder's The Hymn Lover; Duncan Campbell's Hymns and Hymn Writers, with particulars supplied by the author.]
J. C. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1912 supplement/Thrupp, George Athelstane

​THRUPP, GEORGE ATHELSTANE (1822–1905), author of 'History of the Art of Coachbuilding,' born in Somerset Street, Portman Square, on 16 July 1822, was second son of Charles Joseph Thrupp, coachbuilder, by his wife Harriet Styan [see Thrupp, Frederick, and Thrupp, John]. A younger brother was Admiral Arthur Thomas Thrupp (1828–1889). Educated privately at Clapham, George entered at an early age the family coach-making business in Oxford Street, which his great-grandfather had founded, and on the death of his father in 1866 he carried on the business with George Henry Maberly, who joined the firm in 1858 and died in December 1901. As a coachmaker Thrupp enjoyed a high reputation both in this country and on the continent, and did much to promote the general welfare of the trade. He was one of the founders in 1881 of the Institute, of British Carriage Manufacturers, and of the Coach Makers' Benevolent Institution in 1856; he also took a leading part in establishing the technical schools for coach artisans in George Street (now Balderton Street), which were in 1884 taken over by the Regent Street Polytechnic. He became a liveryman of the Coachmakers' Company in 1865, a member of the court of assistants in 1879, and served as master in 1883.
In 1876 Thrupp delivered a series of lectures on coachbuilding before the Society of Arts. Published in 1877 as a 'History of the Art of Coachbuilding,' the volume became a standard work. He also published with William Farr a volume on 'Coach Trimming' (1888), and edited in the same year (2nd edit. 1894) William Simpson's 'Hand Book for Coach Painters.' Thrupp retired from business about 1889, and residing at Maida Vale divided his interests between local affairs and foreign travel. He died at his residence in Maida Vale on 1 Sept. 1905, and was buried in Paddington cemetery, Willesden Lane.
He married in August 1858 Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Massey, by whom he had an only child, George Herbert Thrupp, who is now sole member of the firm of Thrupp & Maberly.
[City Press, 9 Sept. 1905, p. 5; Journ. Soc. Arts, 1904-5, vol. 53, pp. 1038, 1144; private information.]
C. W.
# Dictionary of Spoken Russian/Russian-English/Section 21

§21. PERSONAL PRONOUNS
The personal pronouns are я "I," мы "we," вы "you." In addition there is a familiar singular pronoun for "you," used in talking to one child, to one person with whom one is on very familiar terms, or to one non-human being (animal, saint, God). Further, there is a reflexive pronoun, g a себя (with no n form), used when an object is the same person as the subject: я вижу себя "I see myself"; он дал себе слово "he gave himself his word"; вы говорите о себе "you are talking about yourself (or yourselves)." The g forms are not used for a possessor; see §15. The inflections are very irregular.
| n | я | ты | |
| a, g | меня | тебя | себя |
| d, l | мне | тебе | себе |
| i | мной, мною | тобой, тобою | собой, собою |
| n | мы | вы | |
| g, a, l | нас | вас | |
| d | нам | вам | |
| i | нами | вами | |
# Dictionary of Spoken Russian/Russian-English/Section 23

§23. COMPOUNDS OF QUESTION WORDS
The interrogative pronouns кто, что (§20), interrogative adjectives, such as который "which," какой "what kind, which," and other question words, such as где "where," куда "whereto," откуда "wherefrom," когда "when," как "how," сколко "how much, how many," are compounded with various other words.
With ни before them they make negative; the words are run together in writing unless a preposition comes between: никто ​"nobody," ничто [nji što] "nothing" (usually in g form, ничего [nji čivo]), ни с кем "with nobody," никогда "never," and so on. Verbs take the negative: я никогда никому ничего не говорил об этом "I've never told anyone anything about this."
With stressed не there are two meanings. Some combinations have an indefinite meaning: несколько "a few," некоторый "some or another." Others are predicative, meaning "there is no": некого послать "there's no one to send," не с кем поговорить "there's no one to have a talk with," некогда читать "there's no time for reading."
With кое or кой, written with a hyphen, the words mean "one and another," кое-какйе знакомые "a few acquaintances here and there."
Followed by то, written with a hyphen, they mean "some," implying that there is some notice or identification: кто-то "somebody" (identified, heard, or otherwise noticed), когда-то "at a certain time, at some time" (which I can somehow identify).
Followed by нибудь, written with a hyphen, they mean "any" or "some," implying that there is no identification: кто-нибудь "anybody, anybody at all," как-нибудь "in some way or other, in any way." In writing and in bookish speech либо is sometimes used instead: кто-либо.
# Dictionary of Spoken Russian/Russian-English/Section 16

§16. ОДИН, САМ, ВЕСЬ
The pronominal adjective [odn-] "one" inserts [ji] in the M nominative, and [vsj-] "all" inserts [je].
Instead of [i] in the endings, [odn-] and сам "he himself" have [ji] and [vsj-] has [e] also for [o] in the Fgdil.
All three stress the endings, except сам in the Pn. This word has also an irregular Fa form with ending [-ayo].
| Mn | один | сам | весь |
| g | одного | самого | всего |
| d | одному | самому | всему |
| i | одним | самим | всем |
| l | одном | самом | всём |
| Nn | одно | само | всё |
| Fn | одна | сама | вся |
| a | одну | самоё | всю |
| g, d, l | одной | самой | всей |
| d | одной, одною | самой, самою | всей, всею |
| Pn | одни | сйми | все |
| g, l | одних | самих | всех |
| d | одним | самим | всем |
| i | одними | самими | всеми |
The Р forms of один are used in the meaning "only," "alone." The pronominal adjective сам stresses the identity: я спросил самого полковника "I asked the colonel himself"; it is different from the regular adjective самый "same": я встретил того самого полковника "I met that same colonel."
# Dictionary of Spoken Russian/Russian-English/Section 20

§20. КТО, ЧТО
The interrogative pronouns [k-] "who" and [č-] "what" have an ending [-to] in the n forms; before this [č] is replaced by [š], but written ч. The i ending has [e] instead of [i]. There are no distinctions of gender or number:
| n | кто | что [što] |
| a | кого | что |
| g | кого | чего |
| d | кому | чему |
| i | кем | чем |
| l | ком | чём |
For compounds of these words see §23.
# Dictionary of Spoken Russian/Russian-English/Section 17

§17. ТОТ, ЭТОТ
The pronominal adjectives [t-] "that" and [et-] "this, that" take an ending [-ot] in the M nominative. Instead of [i] in the endings [t-] takes [je] and [et-] takes [ji]:
| Mn | тот | этот |
| g | того | этого |
| d | тому | этому |
| i | тем | этим |
| l | том | этом |
| Nn | то | это |
| Fn | та | эта |
| a | ту | эту |
| g, d, l | той | этой |
| i | той, тою | этой, этою |
| Pn | те | эти |
| g, l | тех | этих |
| d | тем | этим |
| i | теми | этими |
# Dictionary of Spoken Russian/Russian-English/Section 18

§18. ОН
The pronoun он has this stem in the nominative forms only. All the other forms have a stem [y-]. The Pn form has the ending [-ji]. The Fg and a has the ending [-оуo]. The F endings have [e] instead of [o]. All the accusative forms, regardless of gender or animation, are the same as the genitives. ​
| Mn | он |
| g | его |
| d | ему |
| i | им |
| l | (нём) |
| Nn | оно |
| Fg | её |
| d, l | ей |
| i | ей, ею |
| Pn | они |
| g, l | их |
| d | им |
| t | ими |
After prepositions the stem [у-] is replaced by [nj-]: от него "from him," с ним "with him," в нём "in it," and so on; excepted are the g forms as possessors of a noun: от его брата "from his brother," у её брата "at her brother's, in her brother's possession," в их стране "in their country."
# Dictionary of Spoken Russian/Russian-English/Section 19

§19. НЕКИЙ, СЕЙ
The pronominal adjective некий "some," "a kind of" is used only in writing and in bookish speech. It has some forms from a stem [njek-], some from a stem [njekoy-], and the Pn некий from a stem [njekjiy-]: Mn некий, g некоего, d некоему, i неким or некоим, l некоем; Nn некое; Fn некая, a некую, g, d, l некой or некоей; Pn некий, gl неких or некоих, and so on.
Another old-fashioned pronominal adjective is сей "this," F сия, N сие, P син, as F сию; the remaining forms are from a stem [sj-]; gs M, N сего, dls F сей, etc. This word survives in a few expressions: сегодня "today," сейчас "right away."
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ynge, Hugh

​YNGE, HUGH (d. 1528), archbishop of Dublin. [See Inge.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Yong, John

​YONG, JOHN (d. 1504), bishop of St. David's. [See Morgan.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Yonge

​YONGE. [See also Young.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Yonge, James (1794-1870)

​YONGE, JAMES (1794–1870), physician, a direct descendant of James Yonge (1646–1721) [q. v.], was fourth son of Duke ​Yonge, vicar of Otterton, Devonshire, and his wife Catherina, daughter of Thomas Crawley-Boevey of Flaxley Abbey, Gloucestershire. He was born in Devonshire in 1794, and educated at Eton and Exeter College, Oxford, where he graduated B.A. on 13 May 1815, M.A. on 22 Oct. 1817, M.B. on 8 June 1819, and M.D. on 20 June 1821. He was elected a fellow of the College of Physicians of London on 30 Sept. 1822, practised in Plymouth, was physician to the Devonshire and Cornwall Hospital, and was for many years one of the chief physicians of the west of England. He married his cousin, Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Crawley-Boevey, bart. He died on 3 Jan. 1870.
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Yong

​YONG. [See Yonge and Young.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pyke, John

​PYKE, JOHN (fl. 1322?), chronicler. [See Pike.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pynchon, William

​PYNCHON, WILLIAM (1590–1662), colonist and religious writer, whose name also appears as Pinchon, Pinchin, or Pincheon, was born in Springfield, Essex, in 1590. He was probably educated at Cambridge. In 1629 his name appears as one of the grantees of the charter of Massachusetts, and in 1630 he arrived in the colony under Governor Winthrop. He was one of the first court of assistants, and treasurer of the colony from 1632 to 1634. He aided in founding Roxbury, and in organising the church there; but in 1636 he removed with his family and a small party to the junction of the Connecticut and Agawan rivers, where he founded the town which was afterwards called Springfield, after Pynchon's birthplace, and held a commission, in conjunction with five others, to govern it. Here, again, his first care was for the church. Between 1638 and 1640 it was supposed that the new settlement was in Connecticut, and for part of that time Pynchon sat in the legislature of that colony. Withdrawing through differences with his colleagues, he obtained from Massachusetts in 1641 a formal assertion of jurisdiction and a commission again to ‘govern the inhabitants.’ In his administration he sought to conciliate the Indians, and obtained their complete confidence.
In 1650 Pynchon visited England, and published a book entitled, ‘The Meritorious Price of our Redemption,’ which controverted the calvinistic view of the atonement, and created great excitement in the colony, as containing ‘many errors and heresies.’ On his return he was received with a storm of indignation; the general court condemned the book, ordered it to be publicly burnt, and required the author to appear before them in May 1651. This order he answered by asserting in a letter that he had been completely misunderstood. He was called upon to appear in October, and, as he made default, again in May 1652. But he declined to appear, and abandoned the colony in September 1652. His children remained. Settling anew in England, he made his home at Wraysbury, near Windsor, where he passed the closing years of his life in affluence, chiefly engaged in the study of theology, ‘in entire conformity with the Church of England.’ He died on 29 Oct. 1662.
His chief works are: 1. ‘Meritorious Price of our Redemption, or Christ's Satisfaction discussed and explained,’ 1650; revised and republished with rejoinder to the Rev. J. Norton, 1655. 2. ‘Jews' Synagogue,’ 1652. 3. ‘How the first Sabbath was ordained,’ 1654. 4. ‘Covenant of Nature made with Adam,’ 1662.
C. A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Pyncebeck, Walter

Walter Pyncebeke in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography.
​PYNCEBECK, WALTER (fl. 1333), monk, was presumably a native of Pinchbeck in Lincolnshire. He became a monk of Bury St. Edmunds, and was there at the time of the great riot in 1327. It is probable that he controlled the monastic vestiary in 1333, for the great register which he began in that year is called the ‘Registrum W. Pyncebek,’ or the ‘Album Registrum Vestiarii.’ This work is now in the Cambridge University Library, Ee. iii. 60. In it Pyncebeck proposed to record all pleas between the abbot and convent on the one side, and the men of the town on the other, ‘from the beginning of the world’ till his own time, together with all the kings' concordia, and a list of all the knights' fees of the abbey, all the abbey's collations to churches, the amount of their taxation, all the liberties granted by kings to St. Edmund, and a register of all lands. The book now contains only the first and last of these items.
M. B.