OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Baron Athanase-Charles-Marie Charette de la Contrie

From volume 16 of the work.
Born at Nantes, 3 Sept., 1832; died at Basse-Motte (Ille-et-Vilaine), 9 Oct., 1911. His father was a nephew of the famous General Charette who was shot at Nantes, 29 March, 1795, during the rising of the Vendee. His mother, Louise, Countess de Vierzon, was the daughter of the Duc de Berry and Amy Brown. As the Duchesse de Berry was at that time in hiding at Nantes, and Charette's father was being sought by the police, the child's birth was concealed; he was secretly taken from Nantes on 17 Sept. and was registered in the commune of Sainte-Reine as born 18 Sept. Unwilling, by reason of his legitimist antecedents, to serve in France under Louis Philippe, young Charette, in 1846, entered the Military Academy of Turin; he left in 1848 to avoid serving Piedmont, the revolutionary policy of that kingdom being evident to him. In 1852 the Duke of Modena, the Comte de Chambord's brother-in-law, appointed Charette sub-lieutenant in an Austrian regiment stationed in the duchy. He resigned in 1859 when the French were on the eve of a campaign against Austria. In May, 1860, when two of his brothers, like him eager to fight the Italian revolutionaries, offered their services to the King of Naples, he went to Rome and placed himself at the service of Pius IX, who had commissioned Lamoriciere to organize an army for the defence of the Papal States. Charette was appointed captain of the first company of the Franco-Belgian Volunteers, known after 1861 as the Pontifical Zouaves, and was wounded at the battle of Castelfidardo (Sept., 1860). After the taking of Rome by the Piedmontese, Charette negotiated with Gambetta for the employment of the French Zouaves in the service of France against Germany; he was permitted to organize them as "Volunteers of the West". Wounded at Loigny, Charette was made prisoner; but he escaped, and on 14 Jan., 1871, the Provisional Government of France made him a general. He was elected to the National Assembly by the Department of Bouches-du-Rhône, but resigned without taking his seat. Thiers proposed his entering the French army with his Zouaves, but Charette declared his intention of remaining at the pope's disposal. On 15 Aug., 1871, his Zouaves were mustered out of the French army. Retiring into private life, Charette passed his last thirty years serving the cause of religion and hoping for the restoration of the monarchy. He was, in the nineteenth century, a superb type of the valiant knight, devoted heart and soul to the defence of the pope's temporal sovereignty, and consecrated himself to that cause in the same spirit which actuated the Crusades of the Middle Ages.
MEURVILLE, Correspondant (10 Dec., 1911).
GEORGES GOYAU
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Baron Guillaume Dupuytren

From volume 5 of the work.
French anatomist and surgeon, born 6 October, 1777, at Pierre-Buffière, a small town in the Limousin, France; died in Paris, 8 February, 1835. His parents were so poor that he received his education at the Collège de la Marche through charity. By competitive examination he gained the position of prosecutor in anatomy at the newly established Ecole de Médecine, Paris, when he was but eighteen. In 1803 he was appointed assistant surgeon to the Hôtel-Dieu. In 1811 he became professor of operative surgery, and in 1815 professor of clinical surgery at the Ecole de Médecine and head surgeon to the Hôtel-Dieu. He was indefatigable in his devotion to his profession and had one of the largest surgical practices of all time. He amassed fortune established at $1,5000,000. He succeeded in accomplishing all this in spite of a consumptive tendency against which he had to battle all his life and which finally carried him off. In his will he endowed the chair of anatomy at the Ecole de Médecine and established a home for physicians in distress. A curious contraction of the fascia of the palm of the hand, which cripples the fingers, is called after him, bears his name. The most important of his writings is his treatise on artificial anus. He published also a treatise on gunshot wounds and clinical lectures on surgery. Dupuytren was not an original investigator in surgical subjects, but he was an excellent observer and a great worker, who knew how to adopt and adapt others' ideas very practically.
JAMES J. WALSH
# Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 3

PART THREE
# Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 2

PART TWO
# Casey v. Adams/Opinion of the Court

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
United States Supreme Court
102 U.S. 66
Casey v. Adams
The Federal question in this case is whether a national bank can be sued in a State court in a local action in any other county or city than that where the bank is located. By sect. 5198, Rev. Stat., it is provided that 'suits, actions, and proceedings against any association under this title [The National Banks] may be had in any circuit, district, or territorial court of the United States held within the district in which such association may be established, or in any State, county, or municipal court in the county or city in which said association is located, having jurisdiction in similar cases.' This, we think, relates to transitory actions only, and not to such actions as are by law local in their character. Sect. 5136 subjects the banks to suits at law or in equity as fully as natural persons, and we see nowhere in the Banking Act any evidence of an intention on the part of Congress to exempt banks from the ordinary rules of law affecting the locality of actions founded on local things. The distinction between local and transitory actions is as old as actions themselves, and no one has ever supposed that laws which prescribed generally where one should be sued, included such suits as were local in their character, either by statute or the common law, unless it was expressly so declared. Local actions are in the nature of suits in rem, and are to be prosecuted where the thing on which they are founded is situated. To give the act of Congress the construction now contended for would be in effect to declare that a national bank could not be sued at all in a local action where the thing about which the suit was brought was not in the judicial district of the United States within which the bank was located. Such a result could never have been contemplated by Congress.
The proceeding in this case was clearly local in its nature. It related to property in the parish of La Fourche, which had been seized and sold under process from the District Court of that parish. The proceeds of the sale were in that court, and could not be distributed until 'a conflict of privileges' arising between creditors was settled. No personal claim was made against the bank. Nothing was wanted except to 'class the privilege' of the bank on the property seized 'according to its rank.' Whethere, under the laws of Louisiana, the form of proceeding instituted for that purpose was appropriate, is not a question for us. The decision of the Supreme Court of the State as to that matter is conclusive.
Judgment affirmed.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Casey v. National Bank

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
96 U.S. 492
Casey v. National Bank
APPEAL from the Circuit Court of the United States for the District of Louisiana.
This case arose upon a bill filed by Casey, receiver of the New Orleans National Banking Association, to recover certain notes and bills receivable claimed by the defendants, the National Park Bank of New York, and E. H. Reynes & Brother, to be held by way of pledge for certain advances made to the bank by the National Park Bank of New York. This Circuit Court dismissed the bill, and he appealed to this court.
Mr. J. D. Rouse and Mr. Charles Case for the appellant.
Mr. Thomas Allen Clarke, contra.
MR. JUSTICE BRADLEY delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Casey v. Adams

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
102 U.S. 66
Casey v. Adams
ERROR to the Supreme Court of the State of Louisiana.
This was a proceeding instituted in the Fifteenth Judicial District Court, parish of La Fourche, Louisiana, by Adams & Co., against sundry parties, among whom was Nicholas W. Casey, receiver of the New Orleans Banking Association, which was organized under the act of Congress and established at New Orleans.
It appears that, by virtue of executory process issued out of that court, a certain parcel of land in the parish, whereon Adams & Co. held a mortgage, was sold, they becoming the purchasers for less than their debt. 'The sheriff refused to complete the adjudication' unless they paid certain mortgage claims of the banking association and other creditors. Adams & Co. then obtained a rule against the creditors, the sheriff and the recorder to show cause why the mortgages appearing in the names of the creditors should not be cancelled and erased, and upon the sheriff further to show cause why he should not 'complete the adjudication' and put the purchasers in possession.
Casey alone appeared. He pleaded to the jurisdiction upon the ground that a national bank cannot be sued in a State court, except in the county or parish in which it is located, and that its rights cannot be determined on a rule to show cause.
The court made the rule absolute, and the Supreme Court, on appeal, affirmed that judgment. Casey thereupon removed the case here.
Mr. Charles Case, Mr. John D. Rouse, and Mr. William Grant for the plaintiff in error.
Mr. Thomas J. Durant and Mr. Charles W. Hornor, contra.
MR. CHIEF JUSTICE WAITE delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Casey at the Bat

* Included in Chapter 32 of America's National Game (1911) by Albert Spalding
* Casey at the Bat (1912), illustrated by Dan Sayre Groesbeck
* Casey at the Bat in Famous Single Poems (1924) by Burton Egbert Stevenson
* Included in Chapter 3 of Once a Clown, Always a Clown (1927) by DeWolf Hopper
# Board of Education of the Kentucky Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church v. Illinois

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
203 U.S. 553
Board of Education of the Kentucky Annual Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church v. Illinois
Argued: November 14, 1906. --- Decided: December 24, 1906
Messrs. Charles H. Aldrich, Henry S. McAuley, and Lawrence Maxwell, Jr., for plaintiff in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 553-556 intentionally omitted]
Messrs. Edwin M. Ashcraft and William H. Stead for defendant in error.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 556-558 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice McKenna delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Apolytikion

From volume 1 of the work.
A dismissal prayer or hymn said or sung at the end of the Greek Mass and at other times during Matins and Vespers; It was originally sung at the end of Vespers, and is very much like the Roman collect or post-communion, inasmuch as it changes for each feast-day of the year and commemorates the subject of the feast. The apolytikion of Christmas reads as follows: "Thy Nativity, O Christ, hath arisen on the world as the light of knowledge; for at it those who worshipped stars were taught by a star to adore Thee, O Sun of Righteousness, and to know Thee, O Orient from on high; Glory to Thee, O Lord". The one for the feast of the Annunciation is: "To-day is the crowning of our salvation and the manifestation of the Mystery which is from eternity; the Son of God becometh the Son of the Virgin, and Gabriel announceth the glad tidings of grace: wherefore let us cry out with him to the Mother of God; Hail, full of grace, the Lord is with thee!"
PÉTRIDÈS in Dict. d'arch. chrét., I, 2602; PITRA, Hymnographie de l'église grecque, 42; ROBERTSON, Divine Liturgies (London, 1894), 432-451.
ANDREW J. SHIPMAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Apostle Spoons

From volume 1 of the work.
A set of thirteen spoons, usually silver, the handles of which are adorned with representations of Our Lord (the Master spoon) and the twelve Apostles. Anciently they were given by sponsors as baptismal gifts to their godchildren, the wealthy giving complete sets, others a smaller number, and a poor person a single spoon. The Apostles are distinguished one from the other by their respective emblems: St. Peter with a key, sometimes a fish; St. Andrew with a saltire cross; St. James Major with a pilgrim's staff and gourd; St. John with a chalice; St. Philip with a long staff surmounted with a cross; St. James Minor with a fuller's bat; St. Thomas with a spear; St. Bartholomew with a butcher's knife; St. Matthew with a wallet, sometimes an axe; St. Matthias with a halbert; St. Thaddeus, or Jude, with a carpenter's square; St. Simon with a saw. In some sets St. Paul takes the place of St. Matthias; his emblem is a sword. It is doubtful if these spoons were much in use before 1500; the oldest one known is of the year 1593, and they first appeared as a bequest in the will of one Amy Brent who bequeathed in 1516 "XIII sylver spones of J' hu and the XII Apostells". They are alluded to by the dramatists, Shakespeare, Ben Johnson, Middleton, Beaumont, and Fletcher. In Henry VIII, Act 5, Scene 3, the King asks Cranmer to be sponsor for the infant Elizabeth; he demurs because he is a poor man, upon which Henry banters him in these words: "Come, come, my lord, you'd spare your spoons." While these apostle spoons were used on the Continent, especially in Germany and Holland, they were never as much in vogue there as in England.
CRIPPS, Old English Plate (London, 1891); BUCK, Old Plate (New York, 1903, 2d ed.); POLLEN, Gold and Silversmith's Work (London, 1878).
CARYL COLEMAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Apolysis

From volume 1 of the work.
(Gr., apolysis, dismissal)
The dismissal blessing said by the Greek priest at the end of the Mass, Matins, or Vespers. It corresponds fairly well to the Latin Ite, Missa est, and is in use in the Greek Church since the days of St. Athanasius. At the end of the Mass the priest turns to the people and says, if it be Sunday, "He that rose again from the dead, Christ our true God, at the intercession of His immaculate and all-blameless holy Mother, by the power of the precious and life-giving cross, by the protection of the bodiless powers (i.e. angels) of Heaven, at the supplications of the glorious prophet John the Forerunner and Baptist, the holy, glorious, and all-famous Apostles, the holy, glorious, and victorious martyrs (and then he mentions the other saints), have mercy on us and save us; for He is good and loveth man". If the Mass be on a Week day the apolysis omits the opening words of the blessing, "He that rose again from the dead", as those particular words are used to commemorate Sunday as being the day of the Resurrection; There is also a shorter form in use after different parts of the Divine Office, e. g. Prime, Sext, None, etc.
PÉTRIDÈS in Dict. d'arch. chrét., I. 2601; CLUGNET, Dict. des noms liturgiques, 18.
ANDREW J. SHIPMAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Apophthegmata Patrum

From volume 1 of the work.
(apo, from; phtheggomai, to cry out; pater, father)
Sayings of the Fathers of the Desert. Various collections exist of aphorisms and anecdotes illustrative of the spiritual life, of ascetic and monastic principle, and of Christian ethics, attributed to the more prominent hermits and monks who peopled the Egyptian deserts in the fourth century. Three or four such collections in Latin were edited by Rosweyde (Vitæ Patrum, Bks. III, V, VI, VII; P. L., XXIII), one in Greek by Cotelier (Ecclesiœ Græcæ Monumenta, I; P. G., XV), and a Syriac collection lately included in the editions of Anan Isho's "Paradise" by Bedjan (Paris, 1897), and Budge (London, 1904), the latter supplying an English translation. In all these collections the great mass of material is the same, although differently disposed, and it is now agreed that our actual apophthegma literature is Greek, though no doubt much of it is ultimately of Coptic origin. The stages in the growth of the extant collections of "apophthegmata" may be traced with some certainty. In the course of the fourth century this or that saying of the more famous ascetics was repeated by their disciples, and thus circulated. There is no reason to doubt that these sayings and anecdotes were in large measure authentic, but no doubt many were attributed to wrong persons, and many more were apocryphal inventions. These single sayings tended to coalesce into groups, sometimes as the apophthegmata of one Father, sometimes as those dealing with the same subject. Out of these groups were formed the great collections which we have. They are arranged on an alphabetical principle, or according to the subject-matter. Of such collections, that contained in the fifth and sixth books of Rosweyde's "Vitæ Patrum" is known to have existed before the end of the fifth century.
As to the character of the apophthegmata we find that, while they contain a certain grotesque element, the general teaching maintains a high level. They cover the whole field of the spiritual and religious life, and are a veritable storehouse of ascetic lore: Many of them have a primitive freshness and quaintness, and a directness that comes from a deep knowledge of the human heart. They almost always possess a simple beauty that makes them interesting and wholesome reading, and at times they rise to great mystic heights. Along with Cassian, the apophthegmata reveal to us the well-springs of Christian spirituality and religious life.
Where the chief collections of Apophthegmata are to be found has already been indicated. They have been translated from the Syriac into English by BUDGE in their entirety (see above), and in a well-chosen selection by HANNAY, Wisdom of the Desert (London, 1904). The only critical investigation into this literature as a whole is by BUTLER, Lausiac History of Palladius (Cambridge, 1898), Part I, 208-214, 283-285.
E. CUTHBERT BUTLER
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Apostle (in Liturgy)

From volume 1 of the work.
The name given by the Greek Church to the Epistle of the Divine Liturgy, which is invariably of Apostolic origin and never taken, as sometimes happens in the Roman Rite, from the Old Testament. It is also the name of the book used in the Greek Church containing the Epistles for each Sunday and feast day of the whole year, and from which the anagnostes (reader) reads the proper Epistle for the day in the celebration of the Liturgy. As now printed and used in the Orthodox Greek Church in Constantinople and Athens, and in the Greek Catholic Church (as printed by the Congregation of the Propaganda at Rome), it contains not only the proper Epistles, but also the proper antiphons and prokeimena for the different days of the Greek ecclesiastical year. (See EPISTLE.)
NEALE, Hist. of the Holy Eastern Church (London, 1850), I, 370; CLUGNET Dict. des noms liturgiques (Paris, 1895) 19.
ANDREW J. SHIPMAN
# Buddenbrooks/Volume 1/Part 5

PART FIVE
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Diocese of Zulia

From volume 15 of the work.
(Zuliensis.) Comprises the State of Zulia in the Republic of Venezuela. The Diocese of Zulia was erected by Leo XIII on 28 July, 1897, its territory being detached from the See of Merida. Francesco Marvez, the first bishop, was elected, 17 May 1897, and consecrated, 16 Jan., 1898. At his death the see remained vacant from 17 Dec., 1904, to 16 Aug., 1910, being administered during this time by the capitular vicar Felipe S. Jimènez. Arturo Celestino Alvares, consecrated 6 Nov., 1910, is the present bishop. Zulia is suffragan of Santiago de Venezuela, the episcopal residence being at Maracaibo. Its most notable buildings are: the cathedral, the churches of the Immaculate Conception and Our Lady of Chiquinquira, the poor-house, and the insane asylum. The diocese possesses a preparatory seminary, the Colegio Don Bosco directed by the Salesian Fathers for boys, and an academy directed by the Sisters of Charity of St. Anne for girls, besides other Catholic schools. Among its charitable houses may be mentioned a lazaretto, two hospitals, a poor-house, an orphan asylum for boys and girls, an insane asylum, a house of refuge for poor girls, a school for beginners and one for poor children, all of which are under the care of the Sisters of Charity. Several Catholic periodicals are published in the diocese: "Boletin Eclesiastico", the official organ of the diocese; "El Avisador", daily; "La Propaganda Catolica", fortnightly; "El Adalid", monthly.
SILVA, Documentos para Historia de la Diocesis de Merida; CORDERO, Documentos para la Historica del Zulia; ROJAS, Leyen das Historicas; GUZMAN, Historia del Zulia; AROCHA, Diccionario Geographico Estadistico, e Historico del Zulia; SANCHEZ, Geografia del Zulia; RIVAS, El Zulia Ilustrado.
FELIPE S. JIMÈNEZ
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Dioceses of Amadia and Akra

From volume 1 of the work.
​Amadia and Akra.—This double title designates two Catholic dioceses of the Chaldean Rite in Kurdistan, Turkey in Asia. The Diocese of Amadia existed originally under another title; it received its actual name after the foundation of the city of Amadia. In the beginning of the nineteenth century it was subdivided into three dioceses: Amadia, Zakho, and Akra. On 10 June, 1895, the Dioceses of Amadia and Akra were provisionally united; the bishop resides sometimes in one, sometimes in the other of these two small towns, or even in Araden. Amadia is the principal garrison town of the vilayet Mossoul, about fifty miles north of this city. It has 5,000 inhabitants, of whom 2,500 are Mussulmans, Kurds for the most part, 1,900 Jews, 1,600 Chaldeans. The Dominicans of Mossoul have a summer residence there. Within the limits of the diocese the great majority of the inhabitants are Kurdish Mussulmans, mingled with a certain number of Jews. The Christians, all Chaldeans, number 6,000, of whom 3,000 are Catholics and 3,000 are Nestorians. The Catholics have 14 parishes, 16 churches, 13 priests, 6 schools for boys. In Amadia the Protestant missionaries have many missions with schools. Akra is another principal garrison town of the same vilayet (province). It is beautifully situated on the flank of Chindar, with 4,700 inhabitants, of whom 4,050 are Mussulman Kurds, 300 Jews, 250 Christians, Chaldeans or Jacobites. The Chaldeans have a church and school; the Jacobites have a chapel, hollowed out of the rock. Zebhar, or Zibar, which name is sometimes joined to the episcopal title of Akra, is another garrison post. In the Diocese of Akra the greater part of the population is composed of Kurdish Mussulmans. There are also a small number of Jews, some Jacobites, some Chaldean Nestorians grouped in the 11 villages, and, finally, 1,000 Chaldean Catholics. The last have 13 parishes, 12 churches, 8 priests, 2 schools for boys. The above figures are those given by J. B. Chabot, in his "Etat religieux des diocèses formant le patriarcat chaldéen de Babylone", in the "Revue de l'Orient Chrétien" (Paris, 1896), I, 449–450. The "Missiones Catholicæ" (Rome, 1895), 612, gives the following figures: Amadia, 2,000 Chaldeans, 15 parishes, 5 secular priests, 5 regulars, 1 school (at Araden); Akra, 2,000 Chaldean families, 8 churches, 6 priests. A. Battandier, "Annuaire pontif. cathol." (Paris, 1904), 269, indicates 5,000 Chaldeans for both dioceses, of whom 1,000 are for Akra; 17 parishes, 22 secular priests, 4 regulars.
S. Pétridès.