OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Ch'ang-ning

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​CH'ANG-ning 常寧, Dec. 8, 1657–1703, July 20, was the fifth son of Emperor Shih-tsu (see under Fu-lin) by a secondary consort, née Ch'ên (陳). After 1820 his name was written Ch'ang-ying 常穎 to avoid the personal name of Emperor Hsüan-tsung (see under Min-ning). In 1661 his father died and his half-brother, Emperor Shêng-tsu, who was three years his senior, succeeded to the throne. Ten years later he was given, by Emperor Shêng-tsu, a princedom of the first degree with the designation, Kung (恭親王). His palace was situated on T'ieh-shih-tzŭ hu-t'ung 鐵獅子胡同 in Peking.
In 1690, when expeditionary forces were sent to Inner Mongolia to stem the southern advance of Galdan [q. v.], Ch'ang-ning and another elder half-brother, Fu-ch'üan [q. v.], were made commanders-in-chief. Ch'ang-ning was given the title, An-pei Ta-chiang-chün 安北大將軍, with orders to lead an army through the Pass, Hsi-fêng-k'ou 喜峰口, but was soon directed to combine his force with that of Fu-ch'üan. Their joint forces defeated Galdan, but because they allowed the latter to escape unmolested, most of the officers in the force were either degraded or fined (see under Fu-ch'üan). Ch'ang-ning was deprived of his place in the council of princes and high officials, and was fined a sum equivalent to three years' salary. In 1696 he again took part in the expedition to the Kerulun River in Mongolia to fight Galdan (see under Fiyanggû).
After Ch'ang-ning died, he was not given full posthumous honors, considering his status as a ​prince, or compared with the honors granted Fu-ch'üan who died nineteen days later. His title ceased with his death, and his descendants inherited diminishing ranks in accordance with the written law of the dynasty. These descendants belonged to the Plain Blue Banner. One of them, Sung-sen 松森 (T. 吟濤, chin-shih of 1865), served as president of the Court of Colonial Affairs from 1889 to 1893.
[清皇室四譜 Ch'ing Huang-shih ssŭ-p'u; 1/225/8b; see bibliography under Fu-ch'üan.]
Fang Chao-ying
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Bolo

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​BOLO 博洛 d. April 23, 1652, age 40 (sui), Prince Tuan-chung (端重親王), was a grandson of Nurhaci [q. v.] and the third son of Abatai [q. v.]. He was made a prince of the fourth degree in 1636 and took part in the campaigns against the Mongols, Chinese, and Koreans. In 1644 he went with Dorgon [q. v.] to Peking. He accompanied Dodo [q. v.] in pursuit of Li Tzŭ-ch'êng [q. v.], and was raised one degree in rank ​for his achievement. In 1645 he followed Dodo to Nanking where he was given command of half the army to pacify nearby cities. He succeeded in taking Ch'ang-chou, Soochow, and Hangchow, but returned to Peking late the same year. In 1646 he was again sent to Chekiang, this time as commander-in-chief of the Manchu troops with the title P'ing-nan Ta Chiang-chün 平南大將軍. His aim was to conquer Chekiang and Fukien and this he accomplished in that year (1646, see under Chu I-hai, Chu Yu-chien, and Chêng Chih-lung). From Fukien he sent a detachment south, which took Canton early in 1647. On his triumphal return to Peking he was made a prince of the second degree with the designation, Tuan-chung. In 1648 he and Ajige [q. v.] were commissioned to inquire into the situation in Mongolia, but a rebellion broke out simultaneously in Tatung, Shansi, and both laid siege to the city. When Dorgon personally conducted the siege of Tatung in 1649 he made Bolo a prince of the first degree, and placed him in command of an expedition to suppress another uprising in the same province. When the insurgents were subdued (late in 1649) Bolo returned to Peking. In the following year he was entrusted with the supervision of the Six Boards of the central government but was soon degraded to the rank of a prince of the second degree for failure to inform against the president of a Board, who had disobeyed orders. Early in 1651 he was reinstated in his original rank. He and the Princes Nikan (d. 1652) and Mandahai [qq. v.] were trusted by Dorgon and were left in power after the latter died. Before long, however, Bolo aligned himself with the princes who had opposed Dorgon. Later he was once more degraded, this time for failure to report that Ajige, then in prison, was in possession of weapons. Eventually, the rank of a prince of the first degree was restored to him. After his death in 1652, he was canonized as Ting 定, and his rank was transmitted for a time to one of his sons. But when it was disclosed that Bolo while living had appropriated for his own use property which had belonged to Dorgon, he was posthumously (1659) deprived of all honors, and his descendants were also deprived of their ranks.
A small work, entitled 過墟志 Kuo-hsü chih, written about 1673, tells the story of a Manchu prince who, while engaged in the conquest of South China, married a Chinese widow, née Liu 劉. This work seems not to have disclosed the name of the prince in question, but according to internal evidence, Bolo is probably the one to whom it refers (see under Dodo).
[1/223/8a; 2/2/39a; 3/首7/12a; W.M.S.C.K. 19/15a.]
Fang Chao-ying
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Borjigit

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​BORJIGIT, clan-name of Hsiao-chuang Wên Huang-hou [q. v.].
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Baisan

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​BAISAN (Gioro) 覺羅拜山 (三), d. 1627, of the Bordered Yellow Banner, was a great-grandson of Baolangga 包朗阿, fifth of the six brothers who were called the ningguta beile, the fourth beile being Giocangga (see under Nurhaci), grandfather of Nurhaci. When Nurhaci began his career of conquest by attacking Nikan Wailan [q. v.], protégé of the Chinese, he was opposed by most of his relatives who foresaw disaster for themselves (see under Anfiyanggû). Baisan, however, joined Nurhaci in 1585 together with other descendants of Baolangga. He took part in the capture of Shên-yang in 1621 and died in action at Chin-chou in 1627.
A son of Baisan, named Gûnadai 顧納岱, inherited the rank of baron of the third class. He was promoted to the first class in 1637 for meritorious service and in 1644 took part in the pursuit of Li Tzŭ-ch'êng [q. v.] to Shensi. In the following years he served under Dodo [q. v.] in various campaigns, and was killed in action at Nanchang in 1648. Gûnadai's son, Morohon 謨洛渾, inherited the rank of viscount of the first class. He was killed in 1660 while fighting at Amoy against Chêng Ch'êng-kung [q. v.]. In honor of the three generations who had lost their lives in military service Emperor Shêng-tsu posthumously conferred on Morohon the hereditary rank of earl of the third class and the name, Kang-yung 剛勇.
[1/232/6b; 2/4/5b; 3/331/16a; 11/4/25b; 34/135/8b.]
George A. Kennedy
# Essays on Russian Novelists/Andreev

IX
ANDREEV
Leonid Andreev is at this moment regarded by many Russians as the foremost literary artist among the younger school of writers. He was born at Orel, the birthplace of Turgenev, in 1871, and is thus only two years younger than Gorki. He began life as a lawyer at Moscow, but according to his own statement, he had only one case, and lost that. He very soon abandoned law for literature, as so many writers have done, and his rise has been exceedingly rapid. He was appointed police-court reporter on the Moscow Courier, where he went through the daily drudgery without attracting any attention. But when he published in this newspaper a short story, Gorki sent a telegram to the office, demanding to know the real name of the writer who signed himself Leonid Andreev. He was informed that the signature was no pseudonym. This notice from Gorki gave the young man immediate prominence. Not long after, he published another story in the Russian periodical Life; into the editor's rooms dashed the famous critic Merezhkovski, who enquired whether ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/279 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/280 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/281 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/282 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/283 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/284 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/285 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/286 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/287 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/288 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/289 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/290 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/291 ​Page:Phelps - Essays on Russian Novelists.djvu/292 ​Beautiful to the Resurrected. This is a meditation in a graveyard, written in the manner of one of Turgenev's Poems in Prose, though lacking something of that master's exquisite beauty of style. It is, however, not sentimentally conventional, but original. The poetic quality in Andreev animates all his dramas, particularly To the Stars.
# Essays on Political Economy/end matter

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SKETCHES OF MODERN PARIS. Translated from the German by Frances Locock.
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POLITICAL ECONOMY. Essays by the late Professor Bastiat. Fourth Edition.
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MEMOIRS OF B. AND E. SEEBOHM. Edited by their Sons.
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# Emspak v. United States/Dissent Reed

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Dissenting Opinions Reed Harlan
United States Supreme Court
349 U.S. 190
Emspak v. United States
Argued: April 4, 5, 1955. --- Decided: May 23, 1955
Mr. Justice REED, dissenting.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# En-Dor

First published in The Years Between (1919).
“Behold there is a woman that hath a familiar spirit at En-dor.”  I Samuel, xxviii. 7.
The road to En-dor is easy to tread  For Mother or yearning Wife. There, it is sure, we shall meet our Dead  As they were even in life. Earth has not dreamed of the blessing in store For desolate hearts on the road to En-dor.
Whispers shall comfort us out of the dark—  Hands—ah God!—that we knew! Visions and voices—look and hark!—  Shall prove that the tale is true, And that those who have passed to the further shore May be hailed—at a price—on the road to En-dor.
But they are so deep in their new eclipse  Nothing they say can reach, Unless it be uttered by alien lips  And framed in a stranger’s speech. The son must send word to the mother that bore, Through an hireling’s mouth. ’Tis the rule of En-dor.
And not for nothing these gifts are shown  By such as delight our dead. They must twitch and stiffen and slaver and groan  Ere the eyes are set in the head, And the voice from the belly begins. Therefore, We pay them a wage where they ply at En-dor.
Even so, we have need of faith  And patience to follow the clue. Often, at first, what the dear one saith  Is babble, or jest, or untrue. (Lying spirits perplex us sore Till our loves—and their lives—are well-known at En-dor) . . . .
Oh the road to En-dor is the oldest road  And the craziest road of all! Straight it runs to the Witch’s abode,  As it did in the days of Saul, And nothing has changed of the sorrow in store For such as go down on the road to En-dor!
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1936, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 87 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Enabling Act of 1933

* related portals: Germany, World War II.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
24 March 1933, German Reich Law Gazette Volume 1933 Part I, No. 25, Page 141
Law to Remedy the Distress of the People and the Reich. 24 March 1933.
The Reichstag has enacted the following law, which is hereby proclaimed with the assent of the Reichsrat, it having been established that the requirements for a constitutional amendment have been fulfilled:

### Article 1

    In addition to the procedure prescribed by the constitution, laws of the Reich may also be enacted by the government of the Reich. This includes the laws referred to by Articles 85 Paragraph 2 and Article 87 of the constitution.

### Article 2

    Laws enacted by the government of the Reich may deviate from the constitution as long as they do not affect the institutions of the Reichstag and the Reichsrat. The rights of the President remain unaffected.

### Article 3

    Laws enacted by the Reich government shall be issued by the Chancellor and announced in the Reich Gazette. They shall take effect on the day following the announcement, unless they prescribe a different date. Articles 68 to 77 of the Constitution do not apply to laws enacted by the Reich government.

### Article 4

    Treaties of the Reich with foreign states, which relate to matters of Reich legislation, shall for the duration of the validity of these laws not require the consent of the legislative authorities. The Reich government shall enact the legislation necessary to implement these agreements.

### Article 5

    This law enters into force on the day of its proclamation. It expires on 1 April 1937; it expires furthermore if the present Reich government is replaced by another.
    Berlin, 24 March 1933.
Reich President
von Hindenburg
Reich Chancellor
Adolf Hitler
Reich Minister of the Interior
Frick
Reich Minister of Foreign Affairs
Freiherr von Neurath
Reich Minister of Finance
Graf Schwerin von Krosigk
# Enabling South African scientists to convert taxonomic publications into digitally accessible knowledge

Published May 16, 2023 (source)
Enabling South African scientists to convert taxonomic publications into digitally accessible knowledge
May 16, 2023
Group photo of the participants
Plazi and SANBI (South African National Biodiversity Institute) conducted a training Course in Pretoria April 18 to 21, 2023, to teach local scientists how to facilitate the access and reuse of scholarly published taxonomic data by themselves as well as the scientific community at large.
The course had the participation of 21 researchers, curators, technicians, and Postgraduate students from different South Africa’s biodiversity institutions and Nigeria.
The compendium included theoretical and practical classes, covering conceptual to practical aspects of taxonomic publishing to data liberation and linking. It is an extension of the previous course on linking material citations and specimens. It made use of GoldenGate to liberate data, and TreatmentBank and the Biodiversity Literature Repository to disseminate and reuse it. The focus has been on South African fauna and flora. During the course 24 publications have been processed and are now available in BLR and GBIF, including 217 treatments, 101 new species, 172 figures and 642 material citations.
Participants in the training course
The course gave the participants the opportunity to start their certifications as data analysts and data liberators through Plazi’s TreatmentBank, and aimed to prepare new trainers in South Africa to increase data liberation and reuse according to the FAIR data concept.
The preparation, organization and conduction of the workshop has been supported by the Arcadia Fund, SANBI, and the BiCIKL and eBiodiv projects and organized by SANBI’s Ian Engelbrecht and Plazi’s Julia Giora and Jonas Castro.
This work is available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Emulex Corporation v. Gary Varjabedian

Notice: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the preliminary print of the United States Reports. Readers are requested to notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington, D. C. 20543, of any typographical or other formal errors, in order that corrections may be made before the preliminary print goes to press.
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
No. 18–459
EMULEX CORPORATION, ET AL., PETITIONERS v. GARY VARJABEDIAN, ET AL. ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT [April 23, 2019]
Per Curiam.
The writ of certiorari is dismissed as improvidently granted.
It is so ordered.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Enabling Act of 1910

61ST CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES 2ND SESSION An Act To enable the people of New Mexico to form a constitution and state government and be admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original states; and to enable the people of Arizona to form a constitution and state government and be admitted into the Union on an equal footing with the original states.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States in Congress assembled, That the qualified electors of the Territory of New Mexico are hereby authorized to vote for and choose delegates to form a constitutional convention for said territory for the purpose of framing a constitution for the proposed State of New Mexico.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Baglivi, Giorgio

See also Giorgio Baglivi on Wikipedia; Giorgio Baglivi at Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BAGLIVI, Giorgio, an illustrious Italian physician, descended from a poor persecuted Armenian family, was born at Ragusa in 1669, and assumed the name of his adoptive father, Pietro Angelo Baglivi, a wealthy physician of Lecce. He studied successively at the universities of Salerno, Padua, and Bologna ; and after travelling over Italy, he went in 1602 to Rome, where, through the in fluence of the celebrated Malpighi, he was elected professor of anatomy in the college of Sapienza. He died at Rome in 1707, at the early age of thirty-eight. A collection of his writings, which are all in the Latin language, was published in 4to in 1704, and has been several times reprinted in the same form. An edition in 2 vols. Svo was published in 1788. Baglivi s work De Fibra Motrice, is the foundation of that theory of medicine which was substi tuted by Hoffmann and Cullen for the Humoral Pathology.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Bagnères-de-Bigorre

See also Bagnères-de-Bigorre on Wikipedia; Bagnères-de-Bigorre at Wikipedia; Bagnères-de-Bigorre in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
BAGNÈRES-DE-BIGORRE (the Vicus Aquensis of the Romans), the capital of an arrondissement in the depart ment of Hautes-Pyre ne es, is situated on the left bank of the Adour, 13 miles S.E. of Tarbes. It is one of the princi pal watering-places in France, and is much admired for its picturesque situation and the beauty of its environs, parti cularly the valley of Campan, which abounds with beautiful gardens and handsome villas. The town is remarkably neat and clean, and many of the houses are built or orna mented with marble. Its thermal springs and baths are numerous and varied, and are very efficacious in debility of the digestive organs and other maladies. Their temperature is from 90 to 135 Fahr. The season commences in May and terminates about the end of October, during which time the population is more than doubled. Manu factures of woollen cloth, worsted, leather, pottery, and toys are carried on, and marble from the neighbouring quarries is wrought in the town. Greatly frequented by the Romans, and destroyed by the Gothic invaders, Bagneres begins to appear again in history in the 12th century, and rose into permanent importance under the reign of Jeanne d Albert, the mother of Henry IV. Per manent population, about 9500.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Baghdad

See also Baghdad (disambiguation) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
In the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Baghdad or Bagdad may refer to:
* The Pashalic of Baghdad in Asiatic Turkey.
* The town of Baghdad, capital of the pashalic.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Bagnacavallo, Bartolommeo

See also Bartolommeo Ramenghi on Wikipedia; Bartolommeo Ramenghi at Wikipedia; Bartolommeo Bagnacavallo in the 11th Edition; and the disclaimer.
BAGNACAVALLO, Bartolommeo, an Italian painter, who flourished about the beginning of the 16th century. His real name was Ramenghi, but he received the cogno men Bagnacavallo from the little village where he was born in 1484. He studied first under Francia, and then proceeded to Rome, where he became a pupil of Raffaelle. While studying under him he worked along with many others at the decoration of the gallery in the Vatican, though it is not known what portions are his work. On his return to Bologna he quickly took the leading place as an artist, and to him were due the great improvements in the general style of what has been called the Bolognese school. His works were considered to be inferior in point of design to some other productions of the school of Raffaelle, but they were distinguished by rich colouring and graceful delineation. They were highly esteemed by Guido and the Carracci, who studied them carefully and in some points imitated them. The best specimens of Bagnacavallo s works, the Dispute of St Augustin and a Madonna, irith Child, are at Bologna. He died in 1542.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Bagnères

See also Bagneres (disambiguation) on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
In the 9th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica, Bagnères may refer to:
* Bagnères-de-Bigorre, a French town in the department of Haute-Pyrénées, or
* Bagnères-de-Luchon, a French town in the department of Haute-Garonne.
# Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Baghmati

See also Bagmati River on Wikipedia; Bagmati River at Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
BAGHMATI, a river of Hindustan, which has its source in the hills to the north of Katmandu, the capital of Nepal, whence it flows in a southerly direction through the district of Tirhut in the province of Behar, and, receiving the waters of the Buchii on its north bank, and of Burd Gandak on its south bank, joins the Ganges, after a course of 285 miles, in 25 23 N. lat, and 86 34 E. long., about 8 miles below the town of Monghir, but on the opposite bank.