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# On the Origin of Species (1859)

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The first edition of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species, published on November 24, 1859 in London by John Murray. It is a seminal work in scientific literature and a landmark work in evolutionary biology. It introduced the theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. (Index)
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ON THE
ORIGIN OF SPECIES.
"But with regard to the material world, we can at least go so far as this—we can perceive that events are brought about not by insulated interpositions of Divine power, exerted in each particular case, but by the establishment of general laws."
W. Whewell: Bridgewater Treatise.
"To conclude, therefore, let no man out of a weak conceit of sobriety, or an ill-applied moderation, think or maintain, that a man can search too far or be too well studied in the book of God's word, or in the book of God's works; divinity or philosophy; but rather let men endeavour an endless progress or proficience in both."
Bacon: Advancement of Learning.
Down, Bromley, Kent,
          October 1st, 1859.
ON
THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES
BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION,
OR THE
PRESERVATION OF FAVOURED RACES IN THE STRUGGLE FOR LIFE.
By CHARLES DARWIN, M.A.,
FELLOW OF THE ROYAL, GEOLOGICAL, LINNÆAN, ETC., SOCIETIES;
AUTHOR OF 'JOURNAL OF RESEARCHES DURING H. M. S. BEAGLE'S VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD.'
LONDON:
JOHN MURRAY, ALBEMARLE STREET.
1859.
The right of Translation is reserved.
LONDON: PRINTED BY W. CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET, AND CHARING CROSS.
CONTENTS.
IntroductionPage 1
CHAPTER I.
Variation under Domestication.
CHAPTER II.
Variation under Nature.
CHAPTER III.
Struggle for Existence.
CHAPTER IV.
Natural Selection.
CHAPTER V.
Laws of Variation.
CHAPTER VI.
Difficulties on Theory.
CHAPTER VII.
Instinct.
CHAPTER VIII.
Hybridism.
CHAPTER IX.
On the Imperfection of the Geological Record.
CHAPTER X.
On the Geological Succession of Organic Beings.
CHAPTER XI.
Geographical Distribution.
CHAPTER XII.
Geographical Distribution—continued.
CHAPTER XIII.
Mutual Affinities of Organic Beings: Morphology: Embryology: Rudimentary Organs.
CHAPTER XIV.
Recapitulation and Conclusion.
Index 491
INSTRUCTION TO BINDER. The Diagram to front page 117, and to face the latter part of the Volume.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# On the Way There

* related portals: Marjorie and the Dream.
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* On the Way There (1904), the original
* On the Way There (1919), a later edition with a new foreword and some textual differences from the original story
# On the Way There (1904)/Preface

An allegory may tell much or little, according as the reader reads between the lines or sees only the printed page. The story is but the symbol of a greater truth lying behind and inspiring it, just as man, as we seem to see him, is but the imperfect symbol of the perfect man which is, the only man, the man which we should learn to recognize despite the appearance which he seems to show to us.
The loyal Christian Scientist "reads between the lines" whichever way he turns; for his wonderful text-book, Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures, by Mary Baker G. Eddy, is a key to the understanding of all which comes into his consciousness; and with this joyous comprehension of "a new heaven and a new earth" comes a heartfelt love and gratitude of which there are no words to tell.
The little story of what Marjorie saw "On the Way There," is for big or little folks, according as he who reads it, finds it worth while, in the best sense of the phrase.
KATHERINE M. YATES.
# On the Will in Nature

Über den Willen in der Natur was published in 1836, translated in 1903.

## Motto

I spun, on the loom of time, my web:
They held it to be not worth looking at;
Yet everything makes progress openly in time.
Aeschylus, Prometheus, 214 f., 981

## Contents

* Preface to the Second Edition
* Editor's Preface to the Third Edition
* Editor's Preface to the Fourth Edition
* Introduction
* Physiology and Pathology
* Comparative anatomy
* Physiology of Plants
* Physical Astronomy
* Linguistic
* Animal Magnetism and Magic
* Sinology
* Reference to Ethics
* Conclusion
# On the Waters Dark and Drear

* related portals: Hymns.
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On the waters dark and drear, Jesus, Savior, Thou art near, With our ship where’er it roam, As with loving friends at home.
Thou hast walked the heaving wave; Thou art mighty still to save; With one gentle word of peace Thou canst bid the tempest cease.
Safely from the boisterous main Bring us back to port again; In our haven we shall be, Jesu, if we have but Thee.
Only by Thy power and love Fit us for the port above; Still the deadly storm within, Gusts of passion, waves of sin.
So, when breaks the glorious dawn Of the resurrection morn, When the night of toil is o’er, We shall see Thee on the shore.
Holy Father, Holy Son, Holy Spirit, Three in One, Praise unending unto Thee, Now and evermore shall be.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# On the Way There (1904)

A wonder tale for boys and girls, both little and "grown tall"
By KATHERINE M. YATES
What the Pine Tree Heard. Strathmore booklet, postpaid, 50 cents.
The Grey Story Book. Octavo, boards, postpaid, 50 cents.
On the Way There. Octavo, white leatherette, postpaid, 50 cents.
K. M. YATES & COMPANY 46 East Fifty-third Street Chicago
ON THE WAY THERE
A WONDER TALE FOR BOYS AND GIRLS, BOTH LITTLE AND "GROWN TALL"
By Katherine M. Yates Author of "What the Pine Tree Heard," "The Grey Story Book," etc.
Chicago K. M. Yates & Company 1904
Copyright, 1904 by Katherine M. Yates
* Preface
* On the Way There
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1951, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 72 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Nudd v. Burrows Assignee

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United States Supreme Court
91 U.S. 426
Nudd v. Burrows Assignee

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Nugent v. Arizona Improvement Company

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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United States Supreme Court
173 U.S. 338
Nugent v. Arizona Improvement Company
L. E. Payson, for appellant.
Eugene S. Ives, for appellee.
Mr. Justice HARLAN delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Noël

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Noël."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Noël, poem by Richard Watson Gilder
* Noël, poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow
* Christmas, poem by Pierre Jules Théophile Gautier, originally published as "Noël"
# Oriental Scenery/Part 6/Plate 5

No. V. Plans A.
PARASWA RAMA SABHA.
No. 9, A passage leading from the Sabha of Jagannatha to this Sabha. 10, The apartment of the idol. 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, Recesses without sculpture. o, o, Passages leading to the upper story of Indra Sabha, which will be described after the lower part of it.
Paraswa Rama Sabha.
# Oriental Scenery/Part 6/Plate 7

No. VII.
INDRA SABHA, LOOKING OUTWARDS.
Adinatha Sabha is on the right; the other parts conformably to the plan already described.
View of Indra Sabha, looking outwards.
# Oriental Scenery/Part 6/Plates 15 and 16

Nos. XV. and XVI.
THE UPPER PART OF KAILASA.
These views were taken on the rock to the right of the entrance of Kailasa, looking down on the sculptured decorations of the roofs of this magnificent temple.
The upper part of Kailasa. No. I.
The upper part of Kailasa. No. II.
# Oriental Scenery/Part 6/Plates 18 and 19

Nos. XVIII. and XIX. Plans E.
ASHES OF RAVANA.
The situation of this excavation is lower in the mountain than the last mentioned, and is marked by No. 10, in the margin of the second general view. The entrance is much decayed, two of the outer and one of the inner pillars of the verandah are fallen down: a, the area; b, steps leading down to a cistern of water. This temple consists of a hall, with a verandah all round it; at the further end there is a recess for the idol, with a passage round that likewise; the pillars are very richly ornamented, and the walls exhibit a great profusion of sculpture. No. 1, Bhawani, with her right foot lifted up, and resting upon a lion. 2, Saraswati, seated on a pedestal composed of the lotus; on each side of her a male figure holding a water-pot, and over her head are two large water-pots supported by the trunks of elephants. 3, Varaha Avatara, with four arms, attended by two mace-bearers, and two flying figures, holding in one of his left hands Lakshmi, in one of his right a Chakra or Discus; below him are three female figures, with the tails of serpents; on one of them he has placed his foot, the other two are in supplicating attitudes. 4, Maha-Deva, with four arms seated, Parvati on his right, Ganga on his left, and four female attendants in the back ground; and on the pedestal are six small figures. 5, Maha-Deva and Parvati, with female attendants; on the pedestal are seven children with musical instruments. 6 and 7, Figures of Lakshmi, with attendants. 8, The figure of Bhawani, who has fallen from her pedestal, and lies on the floor; this statue is nearly the size of life. 9 and 10, Dwara-Pala, with small flying figures and dwarfs. 11, Vira-Badra, his left foot is supported by a couchant elephant; Ganesa is seen behind him; Bhawani is seated on the left. Raja Dutz and child, and the Covera Capella form part of the group. 12, MahaDeva and Parvati in Paradise, supported by Ravana, who is represented with ten arms. 13, Maha-Deva Nastika, with Lakshmi standing on the left. 14, Maha-Deva, with four arms, and Parvati sitting on his left side; Narada Rishi stands behind him; in the upper corner to the left is Ganesa, with an axe in his left hand, two females and two Chubdars; in the lower part is Nandi, with twelve children playing about him and teazing him. 15, Bhawani destroying Daitya.
The ashes of Ravana.
The ashes of Ravana, interior view.
# Oriental Scenery/Part 6/Plate 6

No. VI. Plans A.
THE ENTRANCE OF INDRA SABHA.
You enter this magnificent cave, or assemblage of caves, by a handsome gateway cut from the rock, on which there are two lions couchant. There is a small cave much choked up, No. 1, on the right hand before entering the gateway, No. 2. No. 3,3,3,3, The area. No. 6, A pillar richly ornamented. No. 5, An elephant. Opposite the entrance, in the centre of the area, stands a temple of a pyramidal form, No. 4, in which is placed a kind of square altar, with figures of Adinatha (one of the epithets of Vishnu, and sometimes of Budha, signifying the First Lord) on each side No. 7,7,7,7.
In this view, higher up in the mountain, is an unfinished excavation of curious workmanship, now nearly choked up with earth, the plan of which is marked by the letter A.
Adinatha Sabha is on the left hand of the area; the apartment, No. 13, of the idol Adinatha is facing the entrance. No. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, Are recesses containing abundance of sculptured figures. The outside is decorated with elephants, lions, &c. No. 19 and 20, Small excavations, those on the right are imperfect above and below. No. 21, The entrance to the lower story of Indra Sabha, which is in a very unfinished state. 22, The staircase leading to the upper story. 23, An apartment, with sculpture. 24, Masses of unwrought rock. 25, The principal apartment of this story. 26, The recess, with the idol Adinatha. The front row of pillars, including base and capital, fifteen feet high; the rest about fourteen. In ascending the staircase, No. 22, which leads to the upper story about half way up, is a small apartment containing Indra with his wife Indrani, and Sesh at each end. In the recess fronting the entrance is the idol Adinatha.
The entrance of Indra Sabha.
# Oriental Scenery/Part 6/Plates 22 and 23

Nos. XXII. and XXIII. Plans H.
VISWAKARMA.
The situation of this curious temple is marked by No. 13, in the third general view of the mountain. Viswakarma is considered by the Hindoos as the artist of the gods. This excavation seems to possess a greater variety in the design than any other to be met with in the whole range, a material difference appears in the semi-circular form of the ceiling, and in its height, which is thirty-five feet. The simplicity of the interior pillars and the large balcony in front are likewise different from any thing else to be seen in this mountain. There are two other grand excavations in this part of India, likewise with coved ceilings, but have, in other respects more resemblance to each other, than either of them to this; the one is at Echvera, near the top of the Bhore Ghaut, and the other on the island of Salsette. No. 1, The entrance into the area, 2. 3,3,3, The verandah round the area. 4,4,4,4, Dark rooms without sculpture. 5,5,5, Doorways into the temple, all round which there is a verandah, 8,8,8. 9, The idol Viswakarma sitting in front.
UPPER STORY.
The apartments on both sides are much decayed. 10, A large room which has had sculpture in it. 11, The balcony. 12,12, Figures in basso-relievo. 13,13, Gigantic male figures, each having two females standing by them. 14, A continuation of the balcony looking into the temple. 15, Two apartments unfinished to the left, and four dark rooms to the right, entered from the apartment with pillars, which is in a considerable state of decay.
Viswakarma.
Viswakarma, exterior view.
# Oriental Scenery/Part 6/Plate 8

No. VIII. Plans A.
INDRA SABHA.
The upper part of Indra Sabha. No. 1, The verandah. 2, The gigantic figure of Indra sitting on an elephant. 3, Indrani, his consort, seated on a lion, the same size as the former figure. 4, A pedestal, on which has been placed a sexual emblem of Maha-Deva, the great god, or the divinity in his quality of destroyer. 5, A recess with Adinatha, who seems the presiding idol of these caves. 6, The staircase leading down to the lower apartment. The height of the pillars fourteen feet.
Indra Sabha.
# Oriental Scenery/Part 6/Plate 9

No. IX. Plans B.
DOOMAR LEYNA.
The entrance to this stupendous excavation is through a cut or lane in the solid rocky mountain, one hundred feet in length; on the left is a cave, No. 2, nearly choked up with earth; the lane is terminated by a door-way, through which you enter an area, 3; at the end of which, opposite the door, is a small cave, 4. On the right hand of the area is the great excavation, having at its entrance two lions couchant, 5,5; one of which has lost his head. 6, A large figure of the goddess Sita, the consort of Rama. 7, Dharma-Raja, the god of justice. 8, Shadi-Maha-Deva. 9, Maha-Deva and his consort Parvati. 10, Maha-Deva and Parvati, supported ​with their heavenly suite, by Ravana. 11, Vira-Baddra, (one of the titles of the god Rama). 12, Visweswara-Maha-Deva, (Maha-Deva in the character of universal lord). 13, Western entrance. 14, The steps leading up from a tank, which appears in the first of the general views, No. 4, in the margin. 15, A gallery over the staircase. 16,16, An area. 17,17, Dark chambers. 18, The temple of Maha-Deva. 19, The idol. 20,20,20,20, Guards of a gigantic size, each with a female figure standing by his side. The general height of this excavation is about seventeen feet, but the part in which the temple of Maha-Deva stands is eighteen feet six inches; the length from the rocky wall of the area, No. 3, to the steps, 14, leading to the tank already mentioned, is about two hundred feet. There are in this cave, as well as in the others, the remains of painting, but principally on the ceiling. The heads of the figures here are generally adorned with highly decorated tiaras, and the thighs of some of the men have Cholnas, or short drawers, but no other part of their drapery could be discriminated.
Doomar Leyna.
# Oriental Scenery/Part 6/Plates 1, 2 and 3

Nos. I. II. and III.
In these three plates, which together comprise a general view of the Mountain of Ellora, will be found, in their respective situations, and progressively numbered in the margin, the whole of the views contained in this work, excepting the three most northern, viz. Jagannatha Sabha, Paraswa Rama Sabha, and Indra Sabha, which are connected by excavated passages, are situated to the left of the rock in the title-page, and are figured in the margin, 1, 2, 3. A part of Doomar Leyna is seen to the right, No. 4.
The mountain of Ellora, 1st view.
The mountain of Ellora, 2nd view.
The mountain of Ellora, 3rd view.
# Of the Imitation of Christ/Book III/Chapter XXXI

CHAPTER XXXI.
OF NEGLECT OF ALL CREATURES, IN ORDER TO FIND OUT THE CREATOR.
LORD, I stand much in need of yet greater grace, if I shall attain to that state, where neither man nor any creature shall be a hindrance unto me.
For as long as anything holds me back, I cannot freely take my flight to Thee.
He desired to fly freely who said, "Oh! that I had wings like a dove, for then would I flee away and be at rest!"
What is more quiet than the single eye? and who more free than he that desireth nothing upon earth?
A man ought therefore to mount above all creatures, and perfectly to renounce himself, and to see that Thou, the Creator of all things, hast nothing amongst creatures like unto Thyself.
Unless a man be set free from all creatures, he cannot entirely attend unto divine things.
​And therefore are there so few contemplative, for that few can wholly withdraw themselves from things perishing.
2. To obtain this, there is need of much grace, to elevate the soul, and carry it away above itself.
And unless a man be uplifted in spirit, and be freed from all creatures, and wholly united unto God, whatsoever he knoweth, and whatsoever he hath, is of no account.
A long while shall he be little, and lie grovelling below, whoever he be that esteemeth any thing great, but the one only infinite eternal Good.
And whatsoever is not God, is nothing, and ought to be accounted as nothing.
There is great difference between the wisdom of a devout man, and the knowledge of a learned man.
Far more noble is that learning which floweth from above, from the divine influence, than that which is painfully gotten by the wit of man.
3. There are many that desire contemplation, but they practise not those things that are needful thereunto.
A great hindrance it is, that men rest in signs and in the things of sense, and take little heed to mortify themselves.
I know not what it is, by what spirit we are led, nor what we pretend, we that seem to be called spiritual, that we take so much pains, and are so full of anxiety about transitory things, and so rarely think of our own inward concerns with full recollection of mind.
4. Alas, presently, after a slight recollection, we ​rush again into outward things, and weigh not our works with diligent examination.
We heed not where our affections lie, nor bewail the impurity that is in our actions.
For "all flesh had corrupted his way," and therefore did the great deluge ensue.
Since, then, the inward affection is much corrupted, the action thence proceeding must needs be corrupted also, a proof of the absence of all inward vigour.
From a pure heart proceedeth the fruit of a good life.
5. We ask how much man has done: but from what principle he acts is not so diligently considered.
We enquire whether he be courageous, rich, handsome, skilful, a good writer, a good singer, or a good labourer; but how poor he is in spirit, how patient and meek, how devout and spiritual, is seldom spoken of.
Nature respecteth the outward things of a man, grace turneth itself to the inward.
The one is often disappointed; the other hath her trust in God, and so is not deceived.
# Of the Imitation of Christ/Book III/Chapter XXXIV

CHAPTER XXXIV.
THAT GOD IS PRECIOUS, ABOVE ALL THINGS, TO HIM THAT LOVETH HIM.
EHOLD! my God, and my All. What would I more, and what greater happiness do I desire?
O sweet and delightful word! but to him only that loveth the word, not the world nor the things that are in the world.
"My God, and my all!" To him that understandeth, enough is said; and to repeat it again and again, is pleasant to him that loveth.
For when Thou art present, all things are delightful; but when Thou art absent, every thing becomes irksome.
Thou givest quietness of heart and peace, and pleasant joy.
Thou makest us to take delight in all things, and in all to praise Thee; neither can any thing please long without Thee; but if it be pleasant, Thy grace must needs be present, and it must be seasoned with the sweetness of Thy wisdom.
​2. What will not be pleasant to the taste unto him who hath a true relish for Thee?
And to him that hath no relish for Thee, what can be pleasant?
But the wise men of the world, and they also who relish the things of the flesh, have not Thy wisdom; for in the former is found much vanity, and in the latter death.
But they that follow Thee in contempt of worldly things, and mortification of the flesh, are known to be truly wise; for they are brought over from vanity to truth, from the flesh to the spirit.
These relish God; and what good soever is found in creatures, they wholly refer unto the praise of their Maker.
Great, however, yea, very great is the difference between the sweetness of the Creator and of the creature, of eternity and of time, of light uncreated and of light that receiveth its light therefrom.
3. O everlasting Light, surpassing all created lights, dart the beams of Thy brightness from above, to pierce the most inward parts of my heart.
Purify, rejoice, enlighten and enliven my spirit with the powers thereof, that I may cleave unto Thee with abundance of joy.
O when will that blessed and desired hour come, that Thou mayest satisfy me with Thy presence, and be unto me all in all.
So long as this is not granted me, I shall not have perfect joy.
Still alas! the old man doth live in me: he is not wholly crucified, he is not perfectly dead.
​Still doth he strive against the Spirit, and stirreth up inward wars, and suffereth not the kingdom of my soul to be in peace.
4. But Thou that rulest the power of the sea, and stillest the rising of the waves, arise and help me.
Scatter the nations that delight in war, crush Thou them in Thy might.
Display Thy greatness, I beseech Thee, and let Thy right hand be glorified, for there is no other hope or refuge for me, save in Thee, Lord my God.