OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Fontaines, Marie Louise Charlotte Countess de

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FONTAINES, MARIE LOUISE CHARLOTTE COUNTESS DE,
Was the daughter of the Marquis de Giorg, Governor of Metz. Mademoiselle de Giorg married the Count de Fontaines, by whom she had a son and a daughter. She died in 1730.
Madame de Fontaines acquired considerable reputation by her novels, which are of the school of Madame de Fayette, to whom she is inferior in sensibility, and in the power of developing character; the French critics pronounce her diction to be purer; a merit which resulted from the epoch when she wrote; the language being at that time more settled than it was when "The Princess of Cleves" was composed. Voltaire, who was on terms of intimate friendship with Madame Fontaines, wrote some verses in her praise, in which he equals her style to that of Fenelon. This is a very exaggerated compliment. More just and more acceptable it would have been to confess that the plot of his fine tragedy, "Tancrède," is taken from one of her novels—"The Countess of Savoy." La Harpe, in his analysis of "Tancrède," indicates its source. In this play, the great beauty of the poetry and the very interesting and powerful evolvement of the characters evince so superior a genius to the mere formation of the story, that the poet might have yielded up to the lady what was due to to without ​a single leaf falling from his laurel. Bat, man-like, he did not choose to acknowledge that he had been helped by a woman, while availing himself of the advantage.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Fontana, Lavinia

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FONTANA, LAVINIA,
Daughter of Prospero Fontana, a painter of Bologna, died in 1602, aged fifty. She was eminent as a painter, and was patronized by Pope Gregory the Thirteenth, a good portrait of whom by her hand is still extant.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Fouque, Baroness Caroline de la Motte

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FOUQUE, BARONESS CAROLINE DE LA MOTTE,
Was the first wife of the Baron de la Motte Fouque so well known for his inimitable tale of Undine. She ranks among the most accomplished women of Germany. Her works are numerous, and have attained a high degree of celebrity; we will indicate a few of them:—"Letters on Greek Mythology," "Letters from Berlin," "Women of the World," "Woman's Love," "The Two Friends," "The Heroine of La Vendée," "Tales," in four volumes, "Theodora," "Henry and Maria," "Lodoiska and her Daughter."
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Follen, Eliza Lee

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FOLLEN, ELIZA LEE,
Whose maiden-name was Cabott, was born in America. In 1828, she married Charles Follen, a native of Germany, and professor of the German language and literature in Harvard College. He was lost or perished in the conflagration of the Lexington, January 18th., 1840. Mrs. Follen is a well-known writer. Her principal works are—"Sketches of Married Life," "The Sceptic," and a "Life of Charles Follen," published in 1844. She also edited the works of her late husband, in four volumes, besides contributing to various literary periodicals, and has written a volume of Poems, which appeared in 1839. And, moreover, she has prepared several books for the young; her talents as an educator being, perhaps, more successful than in literary pursuits. Mrs. Follen, on ​the death of her lamented husband, was left to provide for the education of their only child, a son, of nine or ten years of age. She resolved to conduct the instruction of her son, and receiving into her home a few boys, sons of her beloved and true friends, as companions of her child and pupils of her care, she fitted these youths for Harvard University. Such honourable exertions to perform faithfully the duty of father as well as mother to her son, demand a warmer tribute of praise than the highest genius, disconnected from usefulness, can ever claim for a Christian woman.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Fouque, Caroline Auguste de la Motte

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FOUQUE, CAROLINE AUGUSTE DE LA MOTTE,
Born in 1773, at Hernhauser. Her maiden name was Von Briest. She married first a gentleman named Von Rochow, from whom she was divorced in 1800, when she married Charles F. Baron de la Motte Fouqué, the poet of the romantic school. In 1807, she published "Roderic;" in 1808, "The Desk;" in 1809, "Letters on Female Education;" in 1810, "The Hero Maiden of the Verdi;" in 1811, "Edmund's Walks and Wanderings;" in 1812, "Magic of Nature;" and in 1814, "Feodore." She died in 1815.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Maestoso

From volume 2 of the work.
[ J. A. F. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Majestätisch

From volume 2 of the work.
[ J. A. F. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Maestro

From volume 2 of the work.
​MAESTRO, master. This word is almost exclusively applied to the great classical composers, but occasionally it is used of the very highest class of executive musicians, though even in this case it may be taken as implying an appreciation of their compositions rather than of their performances. It is seldom applied to teachers as such, but refers almost always to composers of note.
Maestro di capella is the exact Italian equivalent to the German term Kapellmeister, or conductor.
Maestro dei putti (master of the boys) is an office which was founded in 1538 (not, as is generally supposed, in the Papacy of Julius II. which was much earlier), and which was first held by Arcadelt. Its duties are to teach singing to the boys of St. Peter's, in Rome, and more or less to superintend the choir arrangements. It thus represents our 'Choirmaster.' [See Arcadelt, vol. i. p. 81.]
[ J. A. F. M. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Mahillon, Charles & Co.

​MAHILLON, Charles & Co., wind-instrument makers. This firm was founded at Brussels by C. Mahillon (born 1813, died 1887), in 1836. Three of his sons are now in the business, Victor (see below), Joseph, who conducts the Brussels business, and Fernand who manages the London branch established in 1884, in Leicester Square, and removed in 1887 to Oxford Street.
Mahillon, Victor, of the firm of wind-instrument makers, above mentioned, a writer of important works on acoustics and musical instruments, and the honorary and zealous custodian of the Museum of the Brussels Conservatoire, was born in that city, March 10, 1841. After studying music under some of the best professors there, he applied himself to the practical study of wind-instrument manufacture and was taken into his father's business in 1865. He started a musical journal 'L'Echo Musical' in 1869 and continued it until 1886, when his time became too much occupied to attend to its direction. In 1876 he became the honorary curator of the museum of the Conservatoire, which, begun with Fétis's collection of 78 instruments, has been, through his special knowledge and untiring energy increased (1888) to upwards of 1500! An important contribution to it, of Indian instruments, has been a division of the fine collection of the Rajah Sir Sourindro Mohun Tagore, between the Brussels Conservatoire and the Royal College of Music, London. Mr. Victor Mahillon has published two very important works, besides three synoptical tables of harmony, voices and instruments. The first is 'Les Eléments d'Acoustique musicale et instrumentale,' an octavo volume published in 1874, which gained for him at Paris in 1878 the distinction of a silver medal. The other is the catalogue of the Conservatoire, which has appeared in volumes annually from 1877, and is of the highest interest. As well as these noteworthy works he has contributed to the 9th edition of the Encyclopaedia Britannica several historical and technical articles of great value upon wind instruments, both wood and brass. As soon as Mr. Victor Mahillon could introduce a workshop into the Conservatoire he did so, and he has there had reproductions made of many rare instruments which, through their antiquity, or the neglect of former owners, had become too much deteriorated for purposes of study. Among these reproductions the Roman Lituus and Buccina in the Music Loan Collection at Kensington, in 1885, will be remembered as prominent objects of interest in the fine selection contributed under Mr. Mahillon's auspices by the Brussels Conservatoire. He intends to reproduce from authentic sources, if he has not already fulfilled that intention, the complete families of wind-instruments that were in use in the 16th and 17th centuries.
[ A. J. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Mainzer, Joseph

From volume 2 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Maid of Artois, The

From volume 2 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Maid of Honour, The

From volume 2 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Rohan, Anne de

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ROHAN, ANNE DE,
Daughter of Catherine de Parthenai, heiress of the house of Soubise, was born in 1562, and acquired, like her mother, a high reputation in the literary world. She would have been one of the greatest poetesses of her age, but her devoted piety turned her talent into another channel. She died unmarried in 1646. She was a Protestant, and was celebrated for her courage, as well as her learning.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Roper, Margaret

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ROPER, MARGARET,
Eldest daughter of Sir Thomas More, was a woman of fine mind and charming disposition, the delight and comfort of her celebrated father. The greatest care was taken in her education; and she became learned in Greek, Latin, many of the sciences, and music. Erasmus wrote a letter to her, As a woman famous not only for virtue and piety, but for solid learning. Cardinal Pope was so delighted with the elegance of her Latin style, that he could not believe it was the production of a woman. She married William Roper, Esq., of Well-hall, in the parish of Eltham, in Kent; she died in 1544, and was buried at St. Dunstan's church, in Canterbury, with her father's head in her arms; for she had procured it after it had remained fourteen days on London bridge, and had preserved it in a leaden box, till there was an opportunity of conveying it to Canterbury, to the burial-place of the Ropers. She had five children, one of whom, Mary, was nearly as famous as herself.
Mrs. Roper wrote, in reply to Quintilian, an oration in defence of the rich man, whom he accuses of having poisoned, by venomous flowers in his garden, the poor man's bees. This performance, is said to have rivalled Quintilian's in eloquence. She also wrote two declamations, and translated them into Latin, and composed a treatise "Of the Four Last Things," in which she showed so much strong reasoning and justness of thought, as obliged Sir Thomas to confess its superiority to a discourse which he was himself composing on the same subject. The ecclesiastical history of Eusebius was translated by this lady from the Greek into Latin.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Roches, Mesdames Des

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ROCHES, MESDAMES DES,
Were two celebrated ladies of Poitiers, in France, who lived in the sixteenth century. The elder was named Madeleine Neveu, wife of André Fradonet, seigneur Des Roches, and her daughter Catharine. They were very learned, wise, and virtuous Madame des Roches became a widow fifteen years after her marriage, and devoted herself to the education of her daughter, in whom she found a very dear friend, and a rival who excelled her. They devoted themselves principally to writing poetry; and their verses show their great attachment to each other, and also that they met with many sorrows. Catharine was so attached to her mother, that she would never marry, although she had many worthy suitors. They express, in their writings, a strong desire not to survive each other; and their wish was gratified, for they died the same day of a plague that ravaged Poitiers, in 1587. Madame des Roches was born in 1531.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Rochier, Agnes du

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ROCHIER, AGNES DU,
Was a very beautiful girl, the only daughter of a rich tradesman of Paris. Her father left her a handsome fortune, but at the age of eighteen she turned recluse, in the parish of St. Opertune, in 1403. Recluses built themselves a little chamber adjoining the walls of some church. The door of the cell was sealed with great pomp by the bishop, and never again opened. A little window was left, from whence the recluse heard the offices of the church, and received the necessaries of life. Agnes du Rochier lived to the age of ninety-eight.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Rodhia

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RODHIA,
A Moorish Spaniard of Cordova, the freedwoman of King Abdelrahnman, who wrote many volumes on rhetoric. She is said to have lived one hundred and seven years, and died in 1044.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Rohan, Frances de, Lady de la Garnache

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ROHAN, FRANCES DE, LADY DE LA GARNACHE,
Was daughter to Renatus de Rohan and Isabella d'Albret, daughter of John d'Albret, King of Navarre, and was consequently cousin-german to Joan d'Albret, mother to Henry the Fourth. She was betrothed to the Duke de Nemours, by whom she had a son; but he becoming tired of her, obtained from the pope a ​dissolation of his engagement, as the Lady de Rohan had declared herself a Protestant, and married the widow of the Duke of Guise. The Lady de la Garnache, or the Duchess de Londonnois, as she was sometimes called, maintained herself dexterously in her estate during the civil wan.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Rohan, Marie Eleonore de

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ROHAN, MARIE ELEONORE DE,
Celebrated for her piety and talents, was the daughter of Hercule de Rohan-Guémeni, Duke de Montbazon. She was born in 1628, and educated in a convent. Of high birth and fortune, beautiful and accomplished, Eleonore, at the age of eighteen, notwithstanding the tears of her father, and the entreaties of her friends, resolved to enter a convent. She became a member of the Benedictine order at Montargis, and was soon after named Abbess La Trinity de Caen. This dignity she wished to decline but was compelled to accept it. She fulfilled all the duties .of this office with gentleness, propriety, and wisdom. She gave singular proof of her mild firmness in maintaining the rights and privileges of the abbey.
Her health obliged her to remove to Malnone, near Paris; and in 1669 she was solicited to take upon herself also the government of another community. In the intervals of her duties, she applied herself to study. She composed a paraphrase on the Proverbs, called "Morale de Solomon;" "A Discourse on Wisdom," and several other tracts. To the modesty and gentleness of her own sex, she united the wisdom and learning of the other. She died in 1681.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hammerklavier

From volume 1 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hancock

From volume 1 of the work.
​HANCOCK, organ builder. [Crang & Hancock.]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Handel Society, The

From volume 1 of the work.
​HANDEL SOCIETY, THE. A society formed in 1843 'for the production of a superior and standard edition of the works of Handel.' It was suggested by Mr. Macfarren, senior, who however died on the 24th April, immediately after the first meeting convened by him. The Prospectus was signed by George A. Macfarren as Secretary, on behalf of the Council, and was issued from his residence 73 Berners Street, June 16, 1843. The Council for the first year consisted of R. Addison, Treasurer; W. Sterndale Bennett; Sir H. R. Bishop; Dr. Crotch; J. W. Davison; E. J. Hopkins; G. A. Macfarren, Secretary; I. Moscheles; T. M. Mudie; E. F. Rimbault; Sir George Smart, and Henry Smart. The annual subscription was a guinea, and the Society commenced operations with 1000 members. The publications—in large folio, full score, each with P. F. arrangement and editor's preface—were issued by Cramer, Addison, and Beale, as follows:—
1843–4. 4 Coronation Anthems, edited by Dr. Crotch: and L'Allegro, Il Pensieroso, ed Il Moderato, by I. Moscheles. 1844–5. Esther, by Charles Lucas; and Ode for S. Cecilia's Day, by T. M. Mudie. 1845–6. Israel in Egypt, by Mendelssohn. 1846–7. Acis and Galatea, by W. Sterndale Bennett; and Dettingen Te Deum, by Sir G. Smart. 1847–8. Belshazzar, Part 1, by G. A. Macfarren. 1848–9. Do.Part 2, byDo. 1850. Messiah, by Dr. Rimbault 1851. 13 Chamber Duets and 2 Trios, by Henry Smart. 1852. Samson, by Dr. Rimbault. 1853. Judas Maccabaeus, by G. A. Macfarren. 1854. Saul, by Dr. Rimbault. 1855. Jephthah, by G. A. Macfarren.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hand Bells

From volume 1 of the work.
​HAND BELLS for purposes of tune-playing or practising Change-Ringing can be obtained of all bell founders, tuned either chromatically or simply in the diatonic scale.
[ C. A. W. T. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Handel Festival

From volume 1 of the work.
​HANDEL FESTIVAL. In 1856 Mr. R. K. Bowley [see that name] conceived the idea of commemorating the genius of Handel on the centenary (in 1859) of his death by performing some of his works on a scale of unprecedented magnitude. On Sept. 1, 1856, he communicated his idea to the Committee of the Sacred Harmonic Society, by whom it was favourably received. No building in London being large enough to contain the necessary orchestra, the attention of the Society was directed towards the Central Transept of the Crystal Palace (of which they had already had experience in the performance of the music at the opening of the Palace, May 10, 1854) as the most likely place to answer the desired end. The Directors of the Crystal Palace Company entered warmly into the project, and it was determined to hold a preliminary festival in 1857. A large orchestra was accordingly erected, with a grand organ, built by Gray and Davison expressly for the occasion. With the chorus of the Society as a nucleus, a choir of upwards of 1200 picked singers was formed in London, which was supplemented by others from the principal towns in the United Kingdom until the whole numbered 2000. The band, similarly constituted, numbered 396. The meeting, under the title of 'The Great Handel Festival,' was held on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, 15th, 17th, and 19th June, 1857, with a public rehearsal on the preceding Saturday. The sole direction of the musical arrangements was committed to the Society, the Company taking charge of the other arrangements. The oratorios of 'Messiah,' 'Judas Maccabeus,' and 'Israel in Egypt,' were performed, the principal singers including Clara Novello, Miss Dolby, Mr. Sims Reeves and Herr Formes, and the conductor being Mr. (now Sir Michael) Costa, as conductor of the Society.
This festival having established the fact that the Central Transept of the Palace might be made a fitting locality for the Commemoration in 1859, it took place under the same management, on the 20th, 22nd, and 24th June, 'Messiah' and 'Israel in Egypt' again occupying the first and third days, the second being devoted to 'The Dettingen Te Deum' and a selection from various works. The band was augmented to 460, and the chorus to upwards of 2,700 performers; Mr. Costa was conductor, and the principal singers included Clara Novello, Sims Reeves, and Signor Belletti. The orchestra was improved by inclosing it with wooden screens, and covering it in with an enormous awning of oiled and hardened canvas. The three performances and the public rehearsal were remarkably successful, and attracted 81,319 visitors.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Hannibali

From volume 1 of the work.
​HANNIBALI. See Annibali.
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Smith (John G.)

​SMITH (JOHN G.), (?) bookseller in London, 1642. His name occurs on the imprint to a pamphlet entitled Newes from New England, 1642. [E. 144 (22.)]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Smith (William)

​SMITH (WILLIAM), printer in Kilkenny and Cork, 1649-67. In 1649 William Smith printed a Proclamation for the Duke of Ormonde at Kilkenny. In 1657 his imprint appears on The Agreement … of Associated Ministers at Cork, and in 1660 to James Davies' History of Charles II. As his name is found on Cork imprints as late as 1690, there may have been more than one printer of this name, perhaps father and son. [Information kindly supplied by Mr. E. R. McC. Dix.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Smithers (Richard)

​SMITHERS (RICHARD), (?) bookseller in London, 1641. His name occurs on the imprint to a pamphlet entitled An honourable and learned speech made by Mr. Waller, 1641. [E. 199 (42).] It may be a misprint for Smithurst, q.v.
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Smith (Francis)

​SMITH (FRANCIS), bookseller in London, (1) Flying Horse Court in Fleet Street; (2) Elephant and Castle, without Temple Bar. 1642-67. There appears to have been several booksellers of this name between 1630 and 1667. Mr. Arber records a Francis Smith as publishing between 1633-6. ​[Transcript, vol v.] There was also a Francis Smith who was dead before 1650, leaving a widow Eleanor. He may have been identical with the earlier man. Lastly there was Francis Smith, who in 1659 published, among other things, Capt. W. Bray's Plea for the people's good cause [E. 763 (7)], and who was perhaps identical with the Francis Smith better known as "Elephant" Smith of a later period. [Arber, Term Catalogues, vol. 1, Index.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Smith (Nathaniel)

​SMITH (NATHANIEL), (?) bookseller in Cambridge, 1647. Several political pamphlets issued in August, 1647, by the imprint, Printed for Nathaniel Smith: Cambridge. No bookseller of this name is known to have been in Cambridge at that time, and it is probably the name of the author of the pamphlet, if it is not altogether fictitious.
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Smith (Thomas)

​SMITH (THOMAS), bookseller in Manchester, 1643-9. Associated with Luke Fawne, q.v., the London bookseller, in the publication of the following books: R. Hollingsworth's Examination of sundry scriptures, 1645. [E. 24 ​(6)]; R. Heyrick's Queen Esthers Resolve, 1646; Deliberate resolution of the ministers of the gospel within the county of Lancaster, 1647; Solemn exhortation made to the … churches … within the province of Lancaster, 1649; R. Hollingsworth's Main points of church government, 1649.
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Smith (Eleanor)

​SMITH (ELEANOR), bookseller (?) in London, 1650. Executrix of Francis Smith. She is mentioned in connection with Vavasour Powell's Concordance of the Holy Bible, 1650. [Rowland's Cambrian Bibliography, p. 153.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Smith (G.)

​SMITH (G.), bookseller (?) in London, 1642. His name is found on the imprint to the following pamphlet: Two strange prophesies … London, Printed for G. Smith, 1642. [Hazlitt, i. 344.]
# A Dictionary of the Booksellers and Printers who Were at Work in England, Scotland and Ireland from 1641 to 1667/Smith (John)

​SMITH (JOHN), bookseller in London; Paul's Alley, 1641-7. Mentioned as one of the "better sort of freemen" in a list of stationers who in 1641 paid 20 shillings as his proportion of the poll tax. [Domestic State Papers, Chas. I, vol. 483 (11).] Several stationers of this name took up their freedom before 1640. [Arber, v. 265.]