OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Wills Act

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Wills Act."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
United Kingdom:
* Wills Act 1837 (7 Will. 4 & 1 Vict. c. 26), an UK Act of Parliament that governed the basic rules related to wills.
* Wills Act 1963 (c. 44), an UK Act of Parliament that repealed the Wills Act 1861 and implements the Hague Convention on the Conflicts of Laws Relating to the Form of Testamentary Dispositions.
* Wills Act 1968 (United Kingdom) (c. 28), an UK Act of Parliament that restricted the operation of section 15 of the Wills Act 1837.
Australia:
* Wills Act 1968 (ACT) (Australian Capital Territory)
* Wills Act 1997 (Vic.)
* Wills Act 1936 (SA)
* Wills Act 1970 (WA)
India and Singapore:
Malaysia:
New Zealand:
# Whitford v. County of Clark

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
119 U.S. 522
Whitford v. County of Clark
J. B. Henderson, Clinton Rowell, and H. A. Clover, for plaintiff in error.
M. G. Reynolds, W. H. Hatch, J. M. Lewis, and Thos. J. C. Flagg, for defendant in error.
WAITE, C. J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Zane v. Hamilton, Illinois

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
189 U.S. 370
Zane v. Hamilton, Illinois
Argued: and submitted December 5, 1902. --- Decided: April 6, 1903
Mr. George A. Sanders for petitioner.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 370-374 intentionally omitted]
[374]
Mr. J. M. Hamill for respondent.
[Argument of Counsel from pages 374-378 intentionally omitted]
Mr. Justice McKenna delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Zane's Executors v. Cowperthwaite

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
ZANE'S EXORS. verʃus COWPERTHWAITE, Sheriff.
T
M‘KEAN, Chieƒ Juʃtice.– In this cafe the Executors of Zane had iffued a Fieri ƒacias againft Joʃeph Wharton, to which the prefent Sheriff made return, that he had levied to the value of the Plaintiff's demand, on fpecial goods, enumerated in a certain fchedule. In confequence of this return, a Diʃtringas, directed to the Coroner ​
1788.
was iffued againft the Sheriff, to compel a fale of the goods ; and the queftion that now awaits the determination of the Court, is, whether a Diʃtringas, under thefe circumftances, will lie?
The cafe has been well argued ; but we are furprized that fo few authorities are to be found upon the fubject. In fearcing the books of Precedents, indeed, we have remarked, that the Diʃtringas uniformly runs againft A.B. nuper vice-comes; though with this diftinction, that, in fome inftances, it commands him to be diftrained ‘till the late Sheriƒƒ has paid it over to the preʃent Sheriƒƒ. In 6 Mod. 295. Lord C. J. Holt fays, that after the Sheriff has made his return, “ levied on fpecific goods, ” the regular mode of proceeding is to iffue a Venditioni Exponas ; that where he has returned “levied to the value,” he is bound to fell without further procefs; and that it ufual to iffue a Vend. Exp. when the Sheriff continues in office but a Diʃtringas when he has left it. In the clofe of the fame cafe, however, it is likewife the Sherriff, who made the return, is in office. This we mention for the fake of the practice; for, it is certain, that by the Fi. ƒa. the Sheriff has authority to fell the goods upon which he has levied ; the Venditioni only giving, by act of Affembly, an additional authority in the cafe of Lands.
But we have enquired into the practice of the Courts upon this occafion; and , we find, that it has been the practice of the Common Pleas, and in feveral inftances, of the Supreme Court, to iffue a Diʃtringas to the Coroner, where the Sheriff has made a return of goods levied to the value: We are, therefore, of opinion that, in fuch a cafe, a Diʃtringas will lie.
A ʃecond point, however, was made in this caufe. It appears that a Replevin for the goods in queftion, had iffued to the Coroner, and, that by virtue of the writ, he had taken them out of the pofeffion of the Sheriff ; fo that the Sheriff was unable either to produce them, or to proceed to a fale.
The Replevin was highly irregular; an action of Treʃpaʃs being the proper remedy for a wrongful levy; for, by an act of Affembly, it is exprefsly declared, the goods taken in execution fhall not be replevied. 2 State Laws 194.
We think, therefore, that as the Replevin would have been fet afide upon motion in the Common Pleas ; and as the goods were taken from the Sheriff under colour of law, it would be hard to iffue a Diʃtringas againft him, without a previous application to the Court, and its being thereupon awarded. For this reafon alone.
Let the Diʃtringas be quafhed.
# Zakonaite v. Wolf

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
226 U.S. 272
Zakonaite v. Wolf
Argued: November 14, 1912. --- Decided: December 2, 1912
Messrs. L. G. Pope, Charles F. Joy, and Hy. B. Davis for appellant.
Assistant Attorney General Harr for appellee.
Memorandum opinion, by direction of the court, by Mr. Justice Pitney:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Zane v. Soffe

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
110 U.S. 200
Zane v. Soffe
Thos. Wm. Clarke, for appellants.
Henry P. Wells, for appellee.
BRADLEY, J.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Woman of the Century/Louise Bethune

​BETHUNE, Mrs. Louise, architect, born in Waterloo, N. Y., in 1856. She is of American parentage. Her maiden name was Blanchard. Her father's ancestors were Huguenot refugees. Her mother's family went to Massachusetts from Wales in 1640. Being a delicate child, she was not sent to school until the age of eleven. Meantime she had acquired habits of study and self-reliance which led her through school life to disregard the usual class criterions. In 1874 she was graduated from the Buffalo. N. Y., high school. A caustic remark had previously turned her attention in the direction of architecture, and an investigation, which was begun in a spirit of ​playful self-defense, soon became an absorbing interest. For two years she taught, traveled and studied, preparatory to taking the architectural course in Cornell University. In 1876 she received LOUISE BRETHUNE. an offer of an office position as draughtsman and relinquished her former intention of college study. The hours were from eight to six, and the pay was small, but her employer's library was at her service. In 1881 she opened an independent office, thus becoming the first woman architect. She was afterward joined by Robert A. Bethune, to whom she was married in December of the same year. During the ten years of its existence the firm has erected fifteen public buildings and several hundred miscellaneous buildings, mostly in Buffalo and its immediate neighborhood. Mrs. Bethune has made a special study of schools and has been particularly successful in that direction, but refuses to confine herself exclusively to that branch, believing that women who are pioneers in any profession should be proficient in every department, and that now at least women architects must be practical superintendents as well as designers and scientific constructors, and that woman's complete emancipation lies in "equal pay for equal service." Because the competition for the Woman's Building of the Columbia Exposition was not conducted on that principle, Mrs. Bethune refused to submit a design. The remuneration offered to the successful woman was less than half that given for similar service to the men who designed the other buildings. In 1885 Mrs. Bethune was elected a member of the Western Association of Architects. She is still the only woman member of the American Institute. In 1886 she inaugurated the Buffalo Society of Architects, from which has grown the Western New York Association Both were active in securing the passage of the Architects' Licensing Bill, intended to enforce rigid preliminary examinations and designed to place the profession in a position similar to that occupied by medicine and law. In the last five or six years a dozen young women have been graduated from the different architectural courses now open to them, and Mrs. Bethune has ceased to be the "only woman architect."
# Woman of the Century/Lottie E. Granger

​GRANGER, Miss Lottie E., educator and school officer, born near Granville. Ohio, 28th January, 1858. Her father, Sylvester Granger, was of New England descent, and her mother, Elizabeth Walrath, of German origin. Village and country ​schools afforded sufficient tuition to Miss Granger to enable her to begin teaching at the age of sixteen years. LOTTIE E. GRANGER. For three consecutive summers she followed teaching, when her desire to add to her education had become so great that she made for herself a way to gratify this ambition. Through the cooperation of the president of Shepardson College, then Young Ladies' Institute, she was enabled to complete a classical course of study in that excellent institution, deserving a medal lor her brave and sterling character as well as a diploma for her mental proficiency. She was graduated in 1880, and spent the following year in Kansas, and the next five years in Shenandoah, la., occupied with the duties of the school-room. In 1886, having been elected to the office of county super-intendent of the public schools of Page county, she held the position for six years, and oy the excellence of her work made for herself a name that is State-wide among educators. At the annual meeting of the Iowa State Teachers' Association, held in Des Moines in 1888, she was unanimously elected president, being the second woman ever chosen to be that honorable place during the thirty-five years of the organization. She has also been a member of the Educational Council, which is the senate of the teachers' association From its organization she has served on the board of managers of the Iowa State Teachers' Reading Circle. She is an active Sunday-school and temperance worker, is a Chautauqua graduate, a ready speaker, a forcible writer and of magnetic presence on the platform. Declining a fourth term of service as county superintendent. Miss Granger, never being satisfied with present attainments, will pursue a post-graduate course of study in the Chicago University. Since her election to office, her home has been in Clarinda, La., where she is a member of the household of Mr. and Mrs. Edwin Henshaw. The names of Mrs. Henshaw and Miss Granger are almost synonymous in Page county as an ardent friendship has taken them together into every township where political canvass, school visitation and temperance work have made their interests common. Being of an unassuming disposition, Miss Granger seldom passes, on chance acquaintance, at her true worth. A close observer, however, will discover beneath her unpretentiousness an equipoise of character, a cool decisive judgment, a penetrating eye and an activity of thought.
# Woman of the Century/Lou Singletary Bedford

​BEDFORD, Mrs. Lou Singletary, author, born in Feliciana, Graves county, Ky., 7th April, 1837. She comes of a good and distinguished LOU SINGLETARY BEDFORD. family on both sides. Her father, Luther Singletary, was of English descent and a native of Massachusetts, born in 1796. He was educated and spent his early manhood in Boston. Her mother, Elizabeth Hamilton Stell, was born in 1802, in Dinwiddie county, near Petersburg, Va. Mrs. Lou Singletary Bedford is the fifth child and third daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Singletary. Her father was a teacher, and his little daughter was placed in his school at six years of age. She had no special love for books, except for reading, spelling and grammar, but her ambition kept her at the head of most of her classes Nearly all of her education was received under her father's instruction in a country school, though she completed her course of study in Clinton Seminary. After leaving school she taught for a year or two. In 1857 she became the wife of John Joseph Bedford, a friend and associate of her childhood. There were six children born to them four of whom are living. The father, a grown daughter, and a son are dead. Of the three living sons two are married. The other lives in El Paso, Texas, and is assisting to educate the youngest and only remaining daughter. Mrs. Bedford's literary career has in a great measure become identified with Texas, her adopted home. Her first poems were offered for publication when she was in her sixteenth year, appearing under a pen-name. She continued to write until her marriage, from which time her pen was silent for nearly fifteen years. When home cares to some extent were lifted, the accumulated experience and deep thought of years of silence found vent in song. The result was two volumes, "A Vision, and Other Poems" (Cincinnati and London, 18S1), and "Gathered Leaves" (Dallas. 1S89). Mrs. Bedford has for many years contributed to various periodicals, and her influence is felt in social circles embracing many southern States. Her present home is in El Paso, Texas, where she fills the position of social and literary editor of the El Paso "Sunday Morning Tribune."
# Woman of the Century/Louise Bowman McClain

​MtCLAIN, Mrs. Louise Bowman, author, born in Madison, Ind., 9th August, 1841. She was educated in the common schools of that city, graduating from the high school when but little more than fourteen years of age. LOUISE BOWMAN McCLAIN. While in those days she exhibited remarkable facility in the stiff, formal lessons of the text-books, her mind and heart were fast developing along another line wholly independent of the discipline of the school-room, and at an early age she had shown a great fondness for poetry. That fondness was partly inherited and partly due to the inspiring scenes amid which she grew up. Her mother, Emily Huntley Bowman, who was a cousin of Lydia Huntley Sigourney, was herself a poet of more than ordinary ability. Her father, Elijah Goodell Bowman, was a man of strong mental powers and wide and diversified knowledge, and to his careful and healthful pruning is due much of the symmetry which her work possesses. Mrs. McClain has never published a book, but her poems, sketches and stories have appeared in various papers and magazines of Indiana and other States. Her work is of a high order, pure, refined and elevating. She is the wife of Rev. T. B. McClain, of the Methodist Fpiscopal Church.
# Woman of the Century/Louisa Dow Benton

​BENTON, Mrs. Louisa Dow, linguist, born in Portland. Maine, 23rd March, 1831. She is the daughter of Neal Dow and Cornelia Durant Maynard. She was educated in the best schools of her native city, the last and chief of which was the Free Street Seminary for young ladies, Master Hezekiah Packard, teacher. She had, besides these, teachers in French. On 12th December, 1860, she was married to Jacob Benton, of Lancaster, N. H. She passed four seasons in Washington, D. C., while Mr. Benton was member of Congress. She was physically as well as intellectually strong and active. In the fall of 1887 she contracted rheumatism, of which she thought little at first, but it soon assumed a serious form, when most energetic measures were adopted to throw it off, but all in vain. She went several times to mineral springs in Canada, and to Hot Springs in Arkansas, but LOUISA DOW BENTON. derived no benefit from any of them. At last she could not walk nor even stand, and was confined to her chair, w here she passed the time away with books, pen, drawing and painting. But her hands and arms were so greatly and increasingly affected by the disease that drawing and painting were soon given up, and she devoted herself to the acquisition of languages, a study which was always especially attractive to her. She learned to read freely Italian, Spanish, German, Greek and Russian, all with no teacher except for Greek. After that she took up the Votapuk and mastered it easily. She is so well known as a Volapuk scholar that correspondence has come to her from several prominent linguists in Europe, and several European Volapuk associations have elected her corresponding member. During her pains and aches from the disease, she has always been cheerful, never discouraged.
# Woman of the Century/Louise Catherine Adams

​ADAMS, Mrs. Louise Catherine, wife of John Quincy Adams, born in London. England, in 1775. She was a daughter of Joshua Johnson, of Maryland, but passed her early years in England and France. Her father's house in London was the resort of Americans in England. She was married to Mr. Adams in 1797. Mr. Adams had been resident minister at The Hague, and when his father was elected President of the United States, he went as minister to Berlin, Germany. There the young wife sustained herself with dignity in social and political life. In 1801 she returned with her husband to the United States. Mr. Adams was elected to the United States Senate, and they passed their winters in Washington, D. C, and their summers in Boston. In 1808 Mr. Adams was appointed by President Madison the first accredited minister to Russia. Mrs. Adams accompanied him to Russia, and she was the first American woman presented at the Russian court. She made an eminently favorable impression on Russian society. She passed one winter alone in St. Petersburg, while Mr. Adams was in Ghent negotiating a LOUISE CATHERINE ADAMS. treaty between the United States and England. In the spring, accompanied by her eight-year-old son and servants, she set out to travel to Paris by land. The journey was a memorable one to her, ​as the times were troublous, the traveling very bad and the country full of soldiers. She reached Paris in March, 1815. There she witnessed all the momentous affairs that preluded the famous "Hundred Days." Mr. Adams was next appointed Minister to England, and they made their home near London. In 1817 they returned to the United States. Mr. Adams served as Secretary of State for eight years, and Mrs. Adams did the honors of their home in Washington. When her husband was elected President, she became the mistress of the White House. There she displayed the same quiet elegance and simplicity that had distinguished her in so many prominent situations. Failing health forced her into semi-retirement. She ceased to appear in fashionable circles, but still presided at public receptions. After the expiration of President Adams' term of office, her retirement was complete. The closing years of her life were spent in the care of her family and the practice of domestic virtues. She died on 14th May, 1852, and was buried by the side of her husband in the family burying ground at Quincy, Mass.
# Woman of the Century/Louisa Brewster Williams

​WILLIAMS, Mrs. Louisa Brewster, musician and composer, born in Philadelphia. Pa., 25th June, 1832. She is in the direct line of descent from William Brewster, the Elder of Plymouth, the companion of Standish. One of his grandsons, Francis E. Brewster, settled in the southern part of New Jersey, where was born Dr. Horace Brewster, a prominent surgeon in his day, who gave his time and services to his countrymen through the war of the Revolution. He served in the army as one of its chief surgeons, and endured with his copatriots all the ordeals and trials of that conflict. Dr. Brewster had several children, one of whom was Edmund Brewster, the father of Louisa. He was an artist of acknowledged ability, who gave his attention principally to portrait painting. He moved in early years to Philadelphia, where he died in 1850. leaving a widow and five children. The family were left with but little means, and it became necessary that each member should contribute in some way for their support. LOUISA BREWSTER WILLIAMS. Louisa had developed a passionate fondness for music to such an extent that, before she was six years of age, she was in charge of a competent teacher. Her sister Angeline was also possessed of the same devotion to music, and together they pursued their studies with such success that, when it became necessary, for them to do their share, they immediately turned their knowledge of music to advantage and started a school of music. Success crowned their efforts, and soon their students came in such numbers as to enable them to support the entire family with their earnings. Louisa has taught music from that time to the present. During all those years they took care of their mother and an invalid sister until her death. Her sister Angeline died some years ago, and of the family three survive, a brother, Dr. Thomas Brewster of Missouri, a widowed sister who now lives with her, and herself. Besides teaching the piano and organ, she has also found time to compose several pieces of music, which have won success in all quarters. Among these compositions are "The Union Bell March," "President's Dream Waltz," and "The Dying Nun." She has written a new and improved piano instructor, which is one of the standard works for beginners. She now lives in the old home of her father in Philadelphia, where she has always resided. She is still active and energetic and possesses all the traits of her ancestry to a very marked degree.
# Woman of the Century/Louise Adele Cuinet

​CUINET, Miss Louise Adele, doctor of dental surgery, born in Hoboken, N. J., 29th November, 1855. She is of French parentage. On the maternal side she is a descendant of the Huguenot Humberts, a family of local eminence in Neuchatel, ​where they Bought refuge in the sixteenth century. Upon her decision to adopt dentistry as a profession, Dr. Cuinet realized that, in addition to the ordinary obstacles presented to youth and inexperience, she night also encounter the prejudice which confronts every woman who ventures upon an innovation and threatens to invade a field considered the exclusive province of men. LOUISE ADÈLE CUINET. She therefore determined to equip herself with great thoroughness. With that view, after completing the course in one of the best New York schools, she studied two years with a prominent dentist in that city, preparatory to entering, in 1881, the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. That institution graduated one woman about twenty-six years ago and then closed its doors against women for eight years, until Dr. Truman became dean. Dr. Cuinet was graduated in 1883, in high standing, taking one of the first places in a class of fifty-nine. She is the one woman belonging to the Second District Dental Society of New York, and the only one practicing in Brooklyn. With very engaging personal qualities she unites great skill and conscientious devotion to her work. These have won for her a high place in the estimation of professional experts, and the confidence and esteem of a large and increasing clientage. Her success in a vocation generally repugnant to feminine sensibilities represents extraordinary natural qualifications and great industry. She is a master of her profession in all its branches. Dr. Cuinet has always been distinguished by an ardent love of outdoor games and sports, in many of which she excels.