OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Hillard, George Stillman

Edition of 1905. See also George Stillman Hillard on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HIL'LARD, George Stillman (1808-79). An American lawyer and author. He was born in Machias, Maine; graduated at Harvard in 1828; studied law and acquired an extensive legal practice in Boston. He also served in the State Legislature, and from 1866 to 1870 was United States District Attorney for Massachusetts. At earlier periods he collaborated with George Ripley in editing the Christian Register, a Unitarian paper, and with Charles Sumner in publishing the Jurist. In 1856 he bought an interest in the Boston Courier, and was for some time associated in its editorial management. Among his numerous works are: Six Months in Italy (1853); Life and Campaigns of Georqe B. McClellan (1864); and, with Mrs. Ticknor, a Life of George Ticknor (1873). He also edited The Poetical Works of Edmund Spenser (5 vols., 1839).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Hiller, Johann Adam

Edition of 1905. See also Johann Adam Hiller on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HILLER, Johann Adam (1728-1804). An important German dramatic composer, born at Windisch-Ossig, near Görlitz. He was of musical parentage, and was endowed with a fine soprano voice, which obtained for him a course
of free instruction at the Görlitz Gymnasium, from which he went to the Kreuzschule at Dresden, where he became a pupil of Homilius for pianoforte and thorough-bass. Later he went to Leipzig for study at the university, and while there earned a bare existence as flutist and singer in local concerts and by private teaching. His first good fortune came with his appointment as tutor to the son of Count Brühl at Dresden, with whom he went in 1758 to Leipzig. It was during his stay here at this time that he conceived the idea of reviving the old subscription concerts, an attempt which ultimately led to the founding of the famous Gewandhaus concerts, of which he was the first conductor. From 1789 to 1801 he was music director of the Thomasschule. He also founded a singing school in 1771. To him has been given the credit of being the originator of the Singspiel, the beginning of German comedy opera as distinct from the French and Italian developments. The most important of these were: Lottchen am Hofe (1760); Der Teufel ist los (1768); Poltis, oder Das gerettete Troja (1782). The lyrics of all his Singspiele were of considerable musical value, and have been long popular. Among his sacred compositions are: A Passion Cantata; Funeral Music in Honor of Hasse; the one hundredth Psalm; and a few symphonies. He also edited many important collections of music, and wrote considerably concerning musical topics. He was one of the most important German musical scholars and writers of the eighteenth century. He died at Leipzig.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Hillebrand, Joseph

Edition of 1905. See also Joseph Hillebrand on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HILLEBRAND, hĭl'le-bränt, Joseph (1788-1871). A German philosopher and historian of literature, born at Grossdüngen, near Hildesheim. He was originally a Catholic, studied at Hildesheim and at Göttingen, and in 1815 entered the priesthood and taught at Hildesheim, but resigned his position on accepting Protestant views. Upon Hegel's departure from Heidelberg in 1818, he was appointed professor of philosophy there, and in 1822 took a like position at Giessen. He was President of the Lower House of the Hessian Chamber in 1848. His most important work in the field of literary history was Die deutsche Nationallitteratur seit dem Anfang des 18. Jahrhunderts (3d ed. 1875). Of less importance are his philosophical works, which show tendencies toward the views of Jacobi: Die Anthropologie als Wissenschaft (1822-23); Lehrbuch der theoretischen Philosophie und philosophischen Propädeutik (1826); Litterarästhetik (1826); Universalphilosophische Prolegomena (1830); Der Organismus der philosophischen Idee (1842); and Philosophie des Geistes (1835).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Hillebrand, Karl

Edition of 1905. See also Karl Hillebrand on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HILLEBRAND, Karl (1829-84). A German historian and publicist. He was born in Giessen, and studied law there and at Heidelberg. He was imprisoned for participating in the insurrection at Baden in 1849, but escaped to France and completed his studies at the University of France and the Sorbonne. He next taught German at the Military Academy at Saint Cyr, and in 1863 was appointed professor of foreign literature at Douai. At the outbreak of the Franco-German War he went to Italy as correspondent of the London Times and settled at Florence. He contributed numerous articles to French, English, Italian, and German periodicals, and published many separate works, including the prize essay Des conditions de la bonne comédie (1863); La Prusse contemporaine et ses institutions (1867); Zeiten, Völker und Menschen. Gesammelte Aufsätze (1874-85); Geschichte Frankreichs von der Thronbesteigung Ludwig Philips bis zum Fall Napoleons III. (1877-79); and Lectures on German Thought During the Last Two Hundred Years (1880). Consult Homberger, Karl Hillebrand (Berlin, 1884).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Hillel

Edition of 1905. See also Hillel the Elder and Hillel II on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HIL'LEL, called Hababij (‘the Babylonian’), or Hazzaken (‘the elder’). A Jewish rabbi who died a few years after the beginning of the Christian Era. By birth a Babylonian, he left his home and came to Jerusalem to study the law. By doing manual labor he was enabled to support himself while attending the lectures of Shemayah and Abtalion, the president and vice-president respectively of the Sanhedrin. His progress was rapid. His solution of a difficulty which arose concerning the lawfulness of slaughtering the Paschal Lamb on the Sabbath led to his being appointed president of the Sanhedrin (B.C. 30), and he held this position till about A.D. 10. Hillel's character was gentle, patient, and peace-loving. It is Hillel to whom is ascribed the maxim, “What is hateful unto thee do not unto others.” He plays an important part in the history of Jewish legal science. He introduced a set of seven rules, by which the Scriptures are to be interpreted and laws derived from them. Entirely the opposite of Hillel in character was Shammai (q.v.), the vice-president of the Sanhedrin. His teaching was marked by a strict adherence to the letter and great vigor. The difference between the leaders was continued by their followers, so that, years afterwards, we still encounter the school of Hillel and the school of Shammai. The honor and respect won by Hillel was so great that his position of president of the Sanhedrin remained in his family.
— Hillel Hannasi (‘the prince’). A descendant of the preceding, who lived about A.D. 350. He was also president of the Sanhedrin and had charge of the school at Tiberias. His great work was the arranging of the Hebrew calendar. In this he followed the system instituted by Meton.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Hill forts

Edition of 1905. See also Hill fort on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HILL FORTS. Defensive positions on hills. The customs of early groups of people as to defensive locations for residence on elevations have determined the foundation of many of the most famous cities. Hill forts of various periods from the most ancient are common throughout the world, and refer to the monuments and settlements of small groups of men, both securing them from attack and forming a base for industrial occupations and forays. Rome, Athens, and Jerusalem were such hill forts. Settlements on plains or shores represent either times or localities of greater security or the weight of large bodies of men discounting attack, and they supply the means of building great artificial fortifications. The history of nearly every nation gives evidence of this period, and these forts are still found among the more primitive tribes, especially in India.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Hillebrandt, Alfred

Edition of 1905. See also Alfred Hillebrandt on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HILLEBRANDT, Alfred (1853—). A German Sanskrit scholar, born at Grossnädlitz. He studied at Breslau and Munich, and became professor in the former university. His especial branch of study is Vedic mythology. Varuna und Mitra (1877) was a prologue to his great work Vedische Mythologie (1891-1902). Hillebrandt also wrote: Das altindische Neu- und Vollmondsopfer (1880); Vedachrestomathie (1885), a section on religious antiquities in Buhler's Grundriss der indo-arischen Philologie und Altertumskunde (1897); and Alt-Indien, Kulturgeschichtliche Skizzen (1899).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Hiller, Ferdinand

Edition of 1905. See also Ferdinand Hiller on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
HILLER, Ferdinand (1811-85). An eminent German pianist, conductor, and composer, born at Frankfort. From early boyhood he was a student of music, his concert début taking place at ten years of age, followed two years later by the production of his first composition. His first teachers were Hofmann for the violin, Aloys Schmitt for the pianoforte, and Vollweiler for harmony and counterpoint. Later (1825) he became a pupil of Hummel at Weimar. For seven years (1828-35) he was engaged as teacher of composition at Choron's School of Music, Paris, but eventually gave up his position so that he might better equip himself as a pianist and composer. He returned to Frankfort the following year (1836), and devoted himself to composition. His abilities were recognized, and although but twenty-five, he was asked to act as conductor of the Cäcilienverein during the illness of Schelble. He had by this time attracted the notice of Rossini and Mendelssohn, the former assisting him to launch his first opera, Romilda (which was a failure), at Milan, and the latter obtaining for him the entrée to the Gewandhaus, and affording an opportunity for the public presentation of his oratorio Die Zerstörung Jerusalems (1840). After a year of study in Church music at Rome, he returned to Leipzig, and during the season of 1843-44 conducted the Gewandhaus concerts. By this time his position in the musical world was established, and honors and appointments were showered upon him. He became municipal kapellmeister of Düsseldorf in 1847, and in 1850 received a similar appointment at Cologne, in which latter city he founded the well-known Cologne Conservatory. He was conductor at the Italian Opera in Paris during the season of 1852-53. Meanwhile he had increased his reputation and prestige by his conductorship of the Gürzenich concerts and the Lower Rhine music festivals. He was elected a member of the Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Berlin, in 1849, and in 1868 received the title of doctor from the University of Bonn. As a composer Hiller ranks high, not for the magnitude and depth of his work, but for its poetry, elegance, and rhythmic melody. His compositions include operas (six), none of them of more than local significance; six cantatas, one or two of which have been popular in England, and one (The Lorelei) occasionally heard in America. Other works comprise pieces in every form and variety of composition. He was also a very successful lecturer and a forceful writer, his contributions to reviews and newspapers having been since collected in book form. He also published among others: Musikalisches und Persönliches (1870); Wie hören wir Musik? (1880); Goethes musikalisches Leben (1880); and Erinnerungsblätter (1884). He died at Cologne.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 3

CHAPTER III.
Of the Stone of Saint Patrick.
Near this place is a stone which the inhabitants call Saint Patrick's Rock; for some believe that he was born thereon, and others that on it he celebrated Mass. As often as any controversy arises between the villagers or the ​neighbors which is thought fit to be determined by an oath, it is brought to this stone, and there, the sacrament being taken, the cause is decided. But if any perjurer or false witness laid his hand thereon, immediately it was wont to pour forth water, and the holiness of Patrick openly showed unto all how accursed was the crime of perjury or of false testimony; yet at any other time it did not use to exude one drop, but always remained in its natural dryness. Which opinion of the people, however, as to this stone, is the more probable, we know not, though the latter may seem the nearer unto the truth. Let it suffice, therefore, to record the miracle which the Bishop Saint Mel testifies that he had oftentimes beheld.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 25

How he Journeyed unto Rome, and was made a Bishop; and of Palladius, the Legate of Ireland.
The God of our salvation having prospered Patrick's journey, he arrive at the city which is the capital of the world; and often, with due devotion, visiting the memorials of the apostles and the martyrs, he obtained the notice and the friendship of the chief Pontiff, and found favor in his sight. In the apostolic chair then sat Pope Celestine, of that name the first, but from the blessed Apostle Peter the forty-third; but he, keeping Saint Patrick with him, and finding him perfect and approved in faith, in learning, and in holiness, at length consecrated him a bishop, and determined to send him to the conversion of the Irish nation. But Celestine had sent before him, for the sake of preaching in Ireland, another doctor named Palladius, his archdeacon, to whom, with his coadjutors, he gave many books, the two Testaments, with the relics of the Apostles Peter and Paul and of numberless martyrs; and the Irish not listening to, but rather obstinately opposing, Palladius in his mission, he quitted their country, and, going towards Rome, died in Britain, near the borders of the Picts; yet, while in Scotland, converting some to the faith of Christ, he baptized them and founded three churches built of oak, in which he left as prelates his disciples Augustine, Benedict, Sylvester, and Sulomus, with the parchments and the relics of the saints which he had collected. To him with more profitable labor did Saint Patrick succeed, as is said in the Irish proverb, "Not to Palladius, but to Patrick, the Lord vouchsafed the conversion of Ireland." And the Pope, being certified of Palladius's death, immediately gave to Patrick the command, which hitherto, keeping more secret counsel, he had delayed, to proceed on his journey and on the salutary work of his legation.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 26

How he Saw and Saluted the Lord.
And shortly after he had received the episcopal dignity, the angel Victor appeared unto him, then abiding in Rome, and commanded him that he should hasten his journey into Ireland, that he might gain unto Christ the people of that country, as the Lord had willed. But Patrick, judging himself to be unequal to such a work and to such a labor, answered that he could not and would not attempt it unless he should first behold and salute the Lord. Therefore was he conducted by the angel unto the mountain Morion, bordering on the Tuscan Sea, nigh unto the city of Capua; and there, even as Moses, did he merit to behold and salute the Lord, according to his earnest desire. Who, I pray you, can estimate in his mind the merit of Patrick? What tongue can sufficiently praise him to whom, while yet living on earth, it was given to behold the King of Glory, whom the angels desire to behold face to face, and who was permitted to declare unto men what he had been taught from the lips of the Most Highest? And the Lord promised unto Patrick that He would hear his prayers, and that He would be his assistant in all his acts to be done by him. Therefore, being by the vision and by the divine colloquy strengthened unto the ministry enjoined to him of heaven and confided to him by our lord the Pope, he vehemently longed to complete the same, and speeded his journey toward Ireland with twenty men deputed unto his assistance by the Sovereign Pontiff, and who were renowned for their lives and for their wisdom. Yet turned he out of his way unto the blessed Germanus, from whom he received chalices, and priestly vestments, and many books, and other matters unto the divine worship and ministry pertaining.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 28

How he beheld Devils.
And when the saint with his people drew nigh unto the shore, he beheld a multitude of devils gathered together in the form of a globe, surrounding the whole island, and setting themselves against him even as a wall to defend their own citadel and to oppose his entrance. But his heart was not moved, nor did he tremble at the presence of these deformed ones, knowing that there were many with him more powerful than with them, even unto his triumph and their overthrow. Therefore stood he fixed in faith as Mount Sion, because mountains of angels were around him, and the Lord encompassed His servant great and mighty unto the battle. And the holy prelate, knowing that all those enemies were to be quelled by him through the virtue of the cross of Christ, raised his sacred right hand, and made the sign of the cross, and, telling unto his people what he beheld, and confirming them in the faith, unhurt and unterrified passed he over. Thus clothed with strength from on high, mightily did he exercise the armor of the power of God to the overturning of the powers of the air, who raised themselves against all height and against the wisdom of the Lord, being always ready to punish their disobedience and their rebellion, as will more plainly in the following chapters appear.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 30

How the Dry Land was turned into a Marsh.
And going forward, he arrived at a place which was called Aonach Tailltion, and there he made ready to refresh himself and his people, and to announce the office of his ministry. But the idolatrous inhabitants, not enduring the presence of the man of God, gathered together and violently drove him thence, as the light of the sun is intolerable to the weak-eyed. Yet the God whom Patrick bore about him, and glorified in his body, permitted not that an affront offered unto His servant for the sake of His name should go unpunished; but quickly did he bring on them his deserved wrath, inasmuch as for the wickedness of them who dwelt therein the Lord converted their fruitful land into a salt marsh; and the sea, with the foreflowing of an unwonted tide, covered it, and, that it might even for ever be unhabitable, changed the dry land into a plashy lake. Then the saint, going unto a small island not far from the main shore, abided there certain days, and it is called unto this time Saint Patrick's Island.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 29

Of the River sentenced to perpetual Sterility.
The man of God landed with the companions of his voyage within the borders of Leinster, in the port of Innbherde, where a river flowing into the sea then abounded with many fishes. And the fishermen were quitting the water, and drawing after them to the bank their loaded nets, when the servants of the holy prelate, being wearied with their travel and with hunger, earnestly besought that they would bestow on them some of their fishes; but they, barbarous, brutal, and inhuman, answered the entreaty, not only with refusal, but with insult. Whereat the saint, being displeased, pronounced on them this sentence, even his malediction: that the river should no longer produce fishes, from the abundance of which idolaters might send empty away the worshippers of the true God. From that day, therefore, is the river condemned to unfruitfulness, so that the sentence uttered by the mouth of Patrick might be known to proceed from the face of the Lord.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 27

Of the Miraculous Voyage of the Leper.
When the blessed Patrick, speeding his journey toward Ireland; was about to embark with his disciples at a British port, a certain leper standing on the shore met the holy man, beseeching in the name of the Lord Jesus that he would carry him over in his ship. The man of God, abounding with the bowels of compassion, listened to the prayers of the poor leper; but the sailors and the others that were of the ship forbade him, saying that the vessel was already enough loaded, and that he would be to them all at once an encumbrance and a horror. Then the saint, confiding in the power of the divine mercy, cast into the sea an altar of stone that had been consecrated and given to him by the Pope, and on which he had been wont to celebrate the holy mysteries, and caused the leper to sit thereon. But the pen trembles to relate what, through the divine power, happened. The stone thus loaded was borne upon the waters, guided by Him, the head-stone of the corner, and, diverse from its nature, floating along with the ship, held therewith an equal course, and at the same moment touched at the same shore. All, then, having happily landed, and the altar being found with its freight, the voice of praise and thanksgiving filled the lips of the holy prelate, and he reproved his disciples and the sailors for their unbelief and hardness of heart, endeavoring to soften their stony hearts into hearts of flesh, even to the exercising the works of charity.
# The Most Ancient Lives of Saint Patrick/The Life and Acts of St. Patrick/Chapter 31

Of his coming into Ulidia, and of the Prophecy of the Magicians on his coming.
And the blessed Patrick, embarking with his people, steered toward the northern parts of the island, that he might overcome the northern enemy, and expel him from those hearts where he had fixed his seat. And the north wind fell, and the south wind arose, that he might go into the quarters of the north, and plant therein the garden of the Lord, breathing sweet odors; and the desire had come into his mind to bring unto the knowledge of truth the king, Milcho, who was yet living, to whom he had formerly been a servant, and to make him a servant of the true King, whose service is a kingdom. But forasmuch as the ways of man are not in his own power, but as his steps are directed of the Lord, he landed on the coast of Ulidia, that the vessels of mercy might there be gathered together. But Patrick being come forth on the dry land, a multitude of heathens met him who were waiting and expecting his coming; for the magicians and soothsayers, either by divination or by prophecy, had foreknown that the island would be converted by the preaching of Patrick, and had long before predicted his arrival in these words: "One shall arrive here, having his head shaven in a circle, bearing a crooked staff, and his table shall be in the eastern part of his house, and his people shall stand behind him, and he shall sing forth from his table wickedness, and all his household shall answer, So be it! so be it! And this man, when he cometh, shall destroy our gods, and overturn their temples and their altars, and he shall subdue unto himself the kings that resist him, or put them unto death, and his doctrine shall reign for ever and ever." Nor let it seem strange or incredible that if the Lord inspired or even permitted the magicians should thus foretell the arrival and the several acts of Saint Patrick, since the soothsayer Balaam and the King Nabuchodonosor plainly prophesied the coming of Christ, and since the devils that bore testimony to the Son of God. But when they said that he should from his table sing forth wickedness, evidently doth it appear that he who never stood on the truth, but who from the beginning was a liar and the father of lies, did in his blasphemy utter these things through their mouths.