OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lawrence, Soulden

​LAWRENCE, Sir SOULDEN (1751–1814), judge, son of Thomas Lawrence, M.D. [q. v.], president of the College of Physicians, ​by Frances, daughter of Charles Chauncy, M.D., of Derby, was born in 1751, and educated at St. Paul's School and St. John's College, Cambridge, where he graduated B.A. in 1771 as seventh wrangler, and proceeded M.A. and was elected fellow in 1774. At college he was a contemporary of Edward Law, afterwards lord Ellenborough [q. v.] He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in June 1784, and to the degree of serjeant-at-law on 9 Feb. 1787, and in March 1794 succeeded Sir Henry Gould the younger [q. v.] as justice of the common pleas, being at the same time knighted. In the following June he was transferred to the court of King's bench on the resignation of Sir Francis Buller [q. v.] He was a member of the special commission that tried Thomas Hardy [q. v.], Horne Tooke, and other partisans of the French republic for high treason in 1794–6, and concurred with Lord Kenyon in dismissing the prosecution for libel brought by Tooke after his acquittal against the printer and publisher of a report of the House of Commons, which reflected on him and his colleagues as disaffected to the government. Lawrence was a judge of great ability and independence of mind, and sometimes differed from Lord Kenyon, notably in the case of Haycraft v. Creasy in 1801, an action for damages for false representation made in good faith, when Kenyon gave judgment for the plaintiff. Kenyon's vexation at being overruled — for the other members of the court agreed with Lawrence — is supposed to have hastened his death. Lawrence's extreme scrupulousness is evinced by the fact that his will contained a direction for the indemnification out of his estate of the losing party in a suit in which he considered that he had misdirected the jury. In consequence of a difference with Lord Ellenborough, he resigned his seat on the king's bench in March 1808, and returned to the common pleas, succeeding to the place vacant by the death of Sir Giles Rooke [q. v.] His health failing, he retired in Easter term 1812, and was succeeded by Sir Vicary Gibbs [q. v.] He died unmarried on 8 July 1814, and was buried in the church of St. Giles-in-the-Fields, where there is a monument to him. He was something of a connoisseur in art, and had a small collection of pictures, including works by Spagnoletto, Franz Hals, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Opie, Morland, and other celebrated artists, which was sold after his death.
[Gent. Mag. 1794 pt. i. p. 286, 1800 pt. i. p. 595, 1814 pt. ii. p. 92, 1815 pt. ii. p. 17; Gardiner's St. Paul's School Register; Baker's Hist. of St. John's Coll. Cambridge, ed. Mayor, p. 308; Munk's Coll. of Phys. ii. 153; London Gazette, 1787, p. 62; Howell's State Trials, xiii. 1379, xxiv. 199, xxv. 1155, xxvii. 1282; Term Rep. viii. 293; East's Rep. ii. 93; Taunton's Rep. i. prefatory note, iv. 451; Hoare's Wiltshire (Frustfield), p. 74; Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. iii. 18; Foss's Lives of the Judges.]
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Lawrence, Samuel

​LAWRENCE, SAMUEL (1661–1712), nonconformist divine, was only son of William Lawrence, dyer, of Wem, Shropshire, and nephew of Edward Lawrence (1623–1695) [q. v.], who was ejected in 1662 from Baschurch, Shropshire. He was baptised at Wem on 5 Nov. 1661, and educated at Wem free school and Newport school, and later at Charles Morton's dissenting academy at Newington Green. After serving two or three years as usher at Mr. Singleton's school in Bartholomew Close, he became domestic chaplain to Lady Irby, widow of Sir Anthony Irby of Dean's Yard, Westminster. At the same time he acted as assistant to Vincent Alsop, at Princess Street Chapel, Westminster. In 1688 he was chosen minister of the presbyterian congregation at Nantwich, Cheshire, and was ordained at Warrington in November that year. He continued at Nantwich twenty-four years, and was often elected as moderator by the Cheshire ministers, whose meetings he regularly attended. He was a good scholar, and in his latter years undertook the preparation of young men for the ministry. He died of fever on 24 April 1712, aged 50, and was buried in the chancel of Nantwich Church. His funeral sermon was preached by his intimate friend Matthew Henry, who depicts him as a model of piety and pastoral usefulness. Lawrence was twice married, and left three sons by his first wife and two daughters by the second. His first wife died in April 1700, and his second in November 1712. One of his sons was Samuel Lawrence, D.D. (1693–1760), minister of Monkswell Street Chapel, London.
C. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ive, William

​IVE or IVY, WILLIAM (d. 1485), theologian, studied at Magdalen College, Oxford, and was afterwards a fellow and lecturer in theology there. He was head-master ​ at Winchester College from 1444 to 1454 (Hist. of the Colleges of Winchester, &c., p. 51). In 1461–2, before which date he had graduated D.D., Ive was commissary or vice-chancellor for George Neville, the chancellor of the university. A number of documents relating to the tenure of this office are printed in the ‘Munimenta Academica’ (ii. 683–4, 693, 697, 757, Rolls Ser.) On 29 Jan. 1463 he was appointed rector of Appleby, Lincolnshire, and on 21 July 1464 master of Whittington's College at St. Michael Royal, London, which post he resigned before 1470 (Newcourt, Repertorium, i. 493). He was a canon residentiary of Salisbury, and on 21 Aug. 1470 was made chancellor of the diocese. Tanner says he was also canon of St. Paul's, and for some time held the church of Brikkelworth. He was dead by 8 Feb. 1485.
Ive wrote: 1. ‘Prælectiones contra hæresim fratris Johannis Mylverton.’ These lectures, four in number, were delivered at St. Paul's, apparently at the end of 1465. Mylverton was a Carmelite who had defended the Mendicant Friars. The first two lectures had for their subject ‘quod Christus in persona sua nunquam proprie mendicavit’ (styled by Bale ‘De Mendicitate Christi’). The third is ‘De Sacerdotio Christi,’ and the fourth ‘De Excellentia Christi.’ The manuscript was in Bernard's time in the royal library at Westminster (Cat. MSS. Angl., ‘MSS. in Ædibus Jacobæis,’ No. 8033). The manuscript does not, however, appear in Casley's ‘Catalogue of the Royal MSS.’ thirty years later, and it seems to have now disappeared. Tanner gives a description of the manuscript. 2. ‘Lectura Oxonii habita 9 Feb. contra mendicitatem Christi.’ This appears to have been in the same manuscript. Bale also gives, 3. ‘In Minores Prophetas.’ 4. ‘De Christi Dominio.’ 5. ‘Sermones ad Clerum.’ 6. ‘Determinationes.’ New College, Oxford, MS. 32 was presented by Ive. It contains the commentary of Peter Lombard on the Psalms. Ive was also the owner of Magd. Coll. Oxford MS. 98.
C. L. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ite

​ITE (d. 569), Irish saint, whose name also occurs as Ita, Ida, Ide, Ytha, Idea, Ite, and with the prefix mo, mine, as Mide, Mida, Medea, is the patroness of Munster, and is sometimes spoken of by Irish writers as the Mary of Munster. Her father, Cennfoeladh, and her mother, Necta, were both of the tribe of the Deisi, descendants of Feidhlimidh Rechtmhuir, king of Ireland, who had marched south from Tara and conquered for themselves a territory in the south of Munster, part of the present county of Waterford. When grown up, Ite left her own country with the inten​ tion of founding a religious community, settled at Cluaincreadhail, at the foot of Sliabh Luachra (co. Limerick), and she became abbess of the society which she instituted there. Her abbey has disappeared, and the only indication of its site is her name in the parochial designation, Killeedy (Cill Ite), Ite's church. The baronies of Costello, in which this parish is situated, were then called Ua Conaill Gabhra, and the O'Cuileans, who then ruled it, and are still numerous in the district under the Anglicised name Collins, gave land and protection to the saint. She was no recluse, but took part in the public affairs of the clan, travelled to Clonmacnois (King's County), visited St. Comgan when he was dying, and received St. Luchtighern and St. Laisrean. The Ua Conaill believed that they obtained victory by her prayers, and many legends are preserved of the wonders performed by her in the improvement of the wicked, the cure of the sick, and the breeding of horses. She died on 15 Jan. 569, apparently of hydatid of the liver.
N. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ive, Simon

Simon Ives in the ODNB.
​IVE, SIMON (1600–1662), musician, baptised at Ware in Hertfordshire 20 July 1600, was lay vicar of St. Paul's Cathedral until about 1653, after which he gave lessons in singing. Wood wrote: ‘He was excellent at the lyra-viol, and improved it by excellent inventions.’ Upon the Restoration Ive was installed as eighth minor prebendary of St. Paul's (1661). He died at Newgate Street, in the parish of Christchurch, London, on 1 July 1662, and bequeathed his freehold and other property in Southwark and Moorfields to his daughter Mary, wife of Joseph Body, citizen and joiner. He also left legacies to his son Andrew, and to relatives in Hertfordshire and Essex. A son, Simon, also a musical composer, was student of Clare Hall, Cambridge, about 1644, and probably died early.
Ive was chosen by Whitelock to co-operate with Henry Lawes [q. v.] and William Lawes [q. v.] in setting to music Shirley's masque the ‘Triumph of Peace,’ which was performed at Whitehall in February 1633–4 (Arber, Stationers' Registers, iv. 287). Ive was paid 100l. for his share of the work. He also assisted Whitelock in the composition of a popular corante. Among his vocal compositions are: ‘Si Deus nobiscum,’ canon a 3 (in Warren's ‘Collection’ and Hullah's ‘Vocal Scores,’ p. 154); ‘Lament and Mourn,’ a 3; an ‘Elegy on the Death of William Lawes’ (in Lawes's ‘Choice Psalms,’ 1638); several numbers in Playford's ‘Select Ayres and Dialogues,’ 1669; catches (in Hilton's ‘Catch that catch can,’ 1652; Playford's ‘Musical Companion,’ 1672; and Additional MS. 11608, fol. 74 b). His instrumental works include twelve pieces in ‘Musick's Recreation on the Lyra-viol,’ 1652, ‘Court Ayres,’ 1655, and ‘Musick's Recreation on the Viol, Lyra-way,’ 1661; seventeen fantasias for two basses (in the handwriting of J. Jenkins [q. v.], Addit. MS. 31424), and fantasias, almain, pavan (Addit. MSS. 17792 and 31423). He also set the collect of the Feast of the Purification to music (Clifford, Divine Services). Ive bequeathed a ‘set of fancies and In Nomines of (his) own composition of four, five, and six parts’ to the petty canons of St. Paul's, in addition to ‘one chest of violls, of Thomas Alred his making, wherein are three tenors, one base, and two trebles; also another base that one Muskett his man made.’
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ive, Paul

​IVE, PAUL (fl. 1602), writer on fortification, appears to have been a member of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, in 1560, though he was never matriculated. In 1597 he received money from the crown for the fortification of Falmouth and for the transportation of prisoners into Spain. In January 1601–2 he was employed in fortifying the isle of Haulbowline, near Cork, and Castle Ny Park, to command the haven of Kinsale.
He is the author of: 1. ‘Instructions for the warres, Amply, learnedly, & politiquely, discoursing of the method of Militarie Discipline,’ from the French of ‘Generall, Monsieur William de Bellay, Lord of Langey,’ London, 1589, 4to, dedicated to Secretary William Davison [q. v.] 2. ‘The Practise of Fortification, in all sorts of scituations; with the considerations to be used in declining and making of Royal Frontiers, Skonces, and renforcing of ould walled Townes,’ London, 1589, 1599, 4to, dedicated to William Brooke, lord Cobham, and Sir Francis Walsingham, kt.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Isham, John

​ISHAM or ISUM, JOHN (1680?–1726), composer, was born about 1680 and educated at Merton College, Oxford, whence he proceeded to London and served as deputy organist of St. Anne's, Westminster, under Dr. William Croft [q. v.] Croft resigned in Isham's favour in 1711, and in 1713 Isham went from London to Oxford to assist Croft in the performance of the exercise for his doctor's degree, being himself admitted at the same time to the degree of Mus. Bac. Appointed organist of St. Andrew's, Holborn, in April 1718, and of St. Margaret's, Westminster, in the following year, Isham ​held the two last-mentioned posts in conjunction until his death in June 1726, when he was buried in St. Margaret's Church. Two anthems composed by Isham, ‘Unto Thee, O Lord,’ and ‘O sing unto the Lord a new song,’ are included in Croft's ‘Divine Harmony, or a New Collection of Select Anthems’ (1712). With William Morley he published, about 1710, a collection of songs, from which Sir John Hawkins reprinted in his ‘History’ a duet by Isham, ‘Bury delights my roving eye.’ Three other songs and a catch are catalogued under the name of Isum in the British Museum Library.
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Isham, Zacheus

​ISHAM, ZACHEUS (1651–1705), divine, was the son of Thomas Isham, rector of Barby, Northamptonshire (d. 1676), by his wife Mary Isham (d. 1694). He was grandson of another Zacheus, who was first cousin once removed of Sir John Isham of Lamport, Northamptonshire, first baronet (d. 1651). He matriculated from Christ Church, Oxford, in 1666, and was successively student, B.A. (1671), M.A. (1674), B.D. (1682), and D.D. (1689). After taking his degree in 1671 he acted for some time as tutor to Sir Thomas Isham, third baronet [see under Isham, Sir Justinian], and accompanied him on his travels in Italy and elsewhere. In 1679 he was an interlocutor in the divinity school at Oxford (Taswell, ‘Autobiography’ in Camden's Miscellany, iii. 28), and was speaker of the Morrisian oration in honour of Sir Thomas Bodley in 1683 (Macray, Annals of the Bodleian Library, p. 151). He was appointed chaplain to Dr. Compton [q. v.], bishop of London, about 1685, obtained a prebend at St. Paul's in 1685–6, and was in 1691 installed a canon at Canterbury Cathedral. He became rector of St. Botolph's, Bishopsgate, in 1694, represented the clergy of the diocese of London in the convocation of 1696 (Luttrell, Brief Relation, iii. 552, v. 572), and was in 1701 appointed rector of Solihull, Warwickshire, where he died on 5 July 1705. He was buried in Solihull Church, and there is a monument to him on the chancel floor in which he is described as ‘Vir singulari eruditione et gravitate præditus, in concionando celeberrime fœcundus’ (Dugdale, Warwickshire, ed. Thomas, ii. 944). Isham was married to Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas Pittis, chaplain to Charles II; he had four sons and four daughters, the second of whom, Mary (d 1750), married Arthur Brooke, grandfather of Sir Richard de Capell Brooke, first baronet.
Besides sermons, including one on the death of Dr. John Scott (1694), which is incorporated in Wilford's ‘Memorials,’ Isham published: 1. ‘The Catechism of the Church, with Proofs from the New Testament,’ 1695, 8vo. 2. ‘Philosophy containing the Book of Job, Proverbs, and Wisdom, with explanatory notes,’ 1706, 8vo. There is a small work of his among the Rawlinson MSS. in the Bodleian Library entitled ‘The Catechism of the Church, with Proofs from the New Testament, and some additional questions and answers,’ 1694. An attestation by Isham and others is prefixed to ‘George Keith's Fourth Narrative … detecting the Quakers' Gross Errors in Quotations … ,’ 1706, 4to.
T. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Ives, Edward

​IVES, EDWARD (d. 1786), surgeon and traveller, served in the navy as surgeon of the Namur in the Mediterranean from 1744 to 1746, and returned to England in the Yarmouth. He was afterwards for some time employed by the commissioners for sick and wounded, and from 1753 to 1757 was surgeon of the Kent, bearing the flag of Vice-admiral Charles Watson [q. v.] as commander-in-chief in the East Indies. On the admiral's death in August 1757, his own health being somewhat impaired, he resigned his appointment, and travelled home overland from Bassorah, through Baghdad, Mosul, and Aleppo, thence by Cyprus, to Leghorn and Venice, and so home through Germany and Holland, arriving in England in March 1759. He had no further service in the navy, but continued on the half-pay list till 1777, when he was superannuated. During his later years he resided at Titchfield in Hampshire, dividing his time, apparently, between literature and farming. He died at Bath on 25 Sept. 1786 (Gent. Mag. 1786, vol. lvi. pt. ii. p. 908). In 1773 he published ‘A Voyage from England to India in the year 1754, and an Historical Narrative of the Operations of the Squadron and Army in India, under the command of Vice-admiral Watson and Colonel Clive, in the years 1755–1756–7; … also a Journey from Persia to England by an unusual Route.’ Ives's presence at many of the transactions which he describes and his personal intimacy with Watson give his historical narrative an unusual importance, and his accounts of the manners and customs of the inhabitants, and of the products of the countries he visited, are those of an enlightened and acute observer. Ives married about 1751 Ann, daughter of Richard Roy of Titchfield, by whom he had issue a daughter, Eliza, and three sons, the eldest of whom, Edward Otto, was in Bengal at the time of his father's death; the second, Robert Thomas, had just been appointed to a writership; the third, John Richard, seems to have been still a child (will in Somerset House, 29 March 1780, proved in London, 1787). Mention is also made of a sister, Gatty Ives.
J. K. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Outram, Benjamin Fonseca

​OUTRAM, Sir BENJAMIN FONSECA (1774–1856), naval surgeon, son of Captain William Outram, was born in Yorkshire in 1774 and educated as a surgeon at the United Borough hospitals in London. He was first employed in the naval medical service in 1794, and was promoted to the rank of surgeon in 1796. He served in the Harpy, La Nymphe, and Boadicea. He was surgeon in the Superb in her celebrated action off Cadiz, when Sir James Saumarez [q. v.] obtained a victory over the French and Spanish fleets on 12 July 1801. He received war medals and clasps for his services under Sir Richard Goodwin Keats [q. v.] during the war. Subsequently for many years he was surgeon to the Royal Sovereign yacht.
In 1806, with a view to entering upon civil practice, he went to Edinburgh, and there graduated doctor of medicine on 24 June 1809, after presenting his inaugural thesis, 'De Febre continuâ.' He was admitted a licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of London on 16 April 1810, and then commenced practice as a physician at Hanover Square in London, where he lived more than forty years. He also acted as physician to the Welbeck Street Dispensary. On 3 May 1838 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of London, but he was not the author of the geological paper published in the 'Transactions' of the society for 1796 with which his name is associated in the list of fellows. He also became one of the earliest members of the Royal Geographical Society.
In 1841 Outram became medical inspector of her Majesty's fleets and hospitals. He was nominated a K.C.B. on 17 Sept. 1850. He was admitted a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians of London on 9 July 1852. He died at Brighton on 16 Feb. 1856, and was buried at Clifton, near Bristol. He was twice married.
He was author of: 1. 'De Febre continuâ,' Edinburgh, 1809, dedicated to his uncle, Sir Thomas Outram of Kilham in Yorkshire. 2. 'Suggestions to Naval Surgeons previous to, during, and after a Battle,' a pamphlet of which no copy seems accessible.
[Proceedings of the Royal Geographical Society of London, 1806, i. 126; Munk's Coll. of Phys. 2nd edit. iii. 90; Gent. Mag. 1856, pt. i. p. 429.]
D’A. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Overall, William Henry

​OVERALL, WILLIAM HENRY (1829–1888), librarian of the Guildhall Library, son of William Henry Overall and Rosetta Davey, was born on 18 Jan. 1829 at St. John's Wood. He was educated at a private school and afterwards at the newly opened City of London College, Crosby Hall, Bishopsgate. He entered the office of the town clerk at Guildhall in 1847, and in 1857 was appointed sub-librarian of the corporation library, which then consisted of a few straggling apartments in the front of the Guildhall. In 1865, on the death of William Turner Alchin [q. v.], he received the appointment of librarian, and, on the completion of the new building in Basinghall Street at the eastern end of the Guildhall, he superintended the removal of the collections to the new building and arranged the museum. His knowledge of the historical topography of the City of London and its suburbs was extensive and accurate, and the ready help which he afforded in his official position to all inquirers made his services widely appreciated. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries in May 1868, and was for many years a member of the councils of the Library Association and the London and Middlesex Archaeological Society. In 1877 he was presented with the honorary freedom and livery of the Clockmakers' Company, of whose library and museum of clocks and watches he prepared a printed catalogue in 1875, which was followed in 1881 by his 'History' of the company. In conjunction with his cousin, Mr. H. C. Overall, he prepared for the corporation library committee in 1878 an 'Analytical Index to the Series of Records known as the Remembrancia preserved among the Archives of the City of London, A.D. 1579-1664,' with biographical and historical notes. This work was the outcome of a joint examination of the corporation records and an elaborate report on their nature and condition. He died at Crouch End, Middlesex, after along illness, on 28 June 1888, and was buried in St. Pancras cemetery, Finch ley, on 3 July. He was married, on 20 April 1851, to Mary Anne Elizabeth Bailey, by whom he had fourteen children, nine of whom survived him. In addition to the works above mentioned, catalogues of various collections in the Guildhall Library, and several papers on antiquarian subjects, he published:
* 'A Dictionary of Chronology,' 1870;
* 'The Accounts of the Church-wardens of St. Michael, Cornhill, 1456-1608,' edited in 1871;
* 'Civitas Londinum: a facsimile of Agas's Map of London, with an Introduction,' 1874 [see Agas, Radulph].
[Catalogue of the Guildhall Library; personal information.]
C. W-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Overend, Marmaduke

​OVEREND, MARMADUKE (d. 1790), organist and composer, was a pupil of Dr. William Boyce. In 1760 he was organist of Isleworth, Middlesex, where he died in 1790. He was buried on 25 June (Parish Register).
Overend published: 1. ‘Epithalamium,’ for solo and chorus, with instrumental accompaniments, 1760. 2. ‘Twelve Sonatas,’ for two violins and violoncello, ‘the basses of which are correctly figured for the accompaniment on the harpsichord.’ 3. A canon for eight voices, ‘Glory be to the Father.’ 4. ‘A Brief Account of, and an Introduction to, eight Lectures in the Science of Music,’ 1781. It does not appear that the lectures were delivered, and the pamphlet contains only a method of finding musical ratios, by strings represented by straight lines or numbers. The process by which the calculations are made, and ‘the radical sources of melody and harmony explained,’ was to be developed in the course of the lectures. Dr. Boyce's manuscript treatise of composition, then in the hands of Overend, formed the basis of the system proposed.
[Grove's Dict. of Music, ii. 618, Warren's Catches, 1836; Overend's will, Registers, P.C.C. (Bishop), 45.]
L. M. M.