OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Charlesworth, Maria Louisa

​CHARLESWORTH, MARIA LOUISA (1819–1880), author, was daughter of John Charlesworth (1782–1864), son of John Charlesworth, rector of Ossington, Nottinghamshire. Her father was curate of Happisburgh, Norfolk (1809); B.D. of Queens' College, Cambridge (1826); rector of Flowton, Suffolk (1814–44); rector of St. Mildred's, London (1844–62); an ardent supporter of church societies, and an admirable clergyman (Fitzgerald, The Quiet Worker for good John Charlesworth, 1865). Maria Louisa Charlesworth was born at the rectory of Blakenham Parva, near Ipswich, held by her father for a short time while rector of Flowton, 1 Oct. 1819. From the age of six she ministered among the poor in her father's parish. After her parents' decease she sometimes resided with her brother, the Rev. Samuel Charlesworth, at Limehouse, but her permanent home for the last sixteen years of her life was at Nutfield, Surrey, where she died 16 Oct. 1880, aged 61. 'The Female Visitor to the Poor, by a Clergyman's Daughter,' 1846, a book in which she embodied her own experiences among the poor, ran to several editions, and was translated into foreign languages. 'Ministering Children,' first published by Miss Charlesworth in 1854, had an enormous circulation; many portions of it were issued as distinct works. The following is a list of her writings: 1. 'The Female Visitor to the Poor,' 1846. 2. 'A Book for the Cottage,' 1848. 3. 'A Letter to a Child,' 1849. 4. 'Letters to a Friend under Affliction,' 1849. 5. 'The Light of Life,' 1850. 6. 'Sunday Afternoons in the Nursery,' 1853. 7. 'Ministering Children,' 1854. 8. 'Africa's Mountain Valley,' 1856. 9. 'The Sabbath given, the Sabbath lost,' 1856. 10. 'The Ministry of Life,' 1858. 11. 'India and the East, or a Voice from the Zenana,' 1860. 12. 'England's Yeomen from Life in the Nineteenth Century,' 1861. 13. 'Ministering Children, a Sequel,' 1867. 14. 'The Last Command of Jesus Christ,' 1869. 15. 'Where dwellest thou? or the Inner Home,' 1871. 16. 'Eden and Heaven,' 1872. 17. 'Oliver of the Mill,' 1876. 18. 'The Old Looking-glass,' 1878. 19. 'The Broken Looking-glass,' 1880. 20. 'Heavenly Counsel in daily portions: Readings on the Gospel of St. Matthew. Being notes from the bible classes of M. L. Charlesworth. Edited by H. Maria Barclay,' 1883.
[Men of the Time (1879), p. 243; Woman's Work in the great Harvest Field, February 1881, pp. 45–7; Brief Memoir, 'written for insertion in Ministering Children,' privately printed.]
G. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Long, Lislebone

​LONG, Sir LISLEBONE (1613–1659), speaker of the House of Commons, the eldest son of William Long of Stratton, Somerset, by Mary, daughter of Thomas Lovibond of Shorwell, Isle of Wight, was baptised at Beckington, Somerset, in 1613, as 'Loveban,' which must have been a form of his mother's name. He was descended from Henry Long of Trowbridge, Wiltshire, who died in 1635. Matriculating at Magdalen Hall, Oxford, 4 Dec. 1629, he graduated B.A. 1 Feb. 1630-1631, and was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1640. He attained distinction as a lawyer, and in 1656 became recorder of London, a master of requests, and treasurer of Lincoln's Inn. On 15 Dec. 1655 he was knighted by Cromwell. Long sat as parliamentarian in the House of Commons for Wells, 1645-53 and 1654-5; for Somerset, 1656-8, and for Wells from January 1659 till his death. On 9 March 1658-9, Chute being ill, Long was appointed to act as speaker till his recovery, but on 16 March his own death was reported to the house. He is described by Whitelocke as 'a very sober, discreet gentleman, and a good lawyer.' By his wife Frances, daughter of John Mynne of Epsom, he left, with other children, a son George (1644-1705), who matriculated at Wadham College, Oxford, in 1662, became a student of Lincoln's Inn the same year, and died in 1705.
W. A. J. A.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Long, John (1548-1589)

​LONG, JOHN (1548–1589), archbishop of Armagh, born in London in 1548, was educated at Eton. He contributed four Latin epigrams to the verses presented by Eton scholars to Queen Elizabeth at Windsor Castle in 1563. He afterwards proceeded to King's College, Cambridge, where he was admitted a scholar on 13 Aug. 1564. Although reputed a profound scholar, he seems to have taken no degree. After holding many livings in England, he was promoted to the see of Armagh and primacy of all Ireland in July 1584, on the nomination of Sir John Perrot [q. v.], the lord-deputy, to whom the appointment had been referred by the queen. He was made a member of the privy council in Ireland in 1585, and died at Drogheda in 1589, being buried in Primate Octavian's vault at St. Peter's, Drogheda. Lord-deputy Fitzwilliam, in a letter, dated 12 Feb. 1588–9, to William Lyon [q. v.], bishop of Cork, remarks, ‘that the late John Long, archbishop of Armagh, loved good cheer but too well.’ His widow, Anne, petitioned Fitzwilliam for relief, ‘on account of the poore estate she hath been left in with the chardge of children, and servants, and people,’ seeing that her goods to the value of 16l. 9s. 4d. ‘had been seized, valued, and praised to her majestys use, towards her majesty's satisfaction of the 20th parte of the said diocese.’ The reply to her petition states ‘that her saide late husband was a good and faithful councellore of this borde.’ Accordingly, on 15 May 1589, the widow's prayer was granted, and payment of further dues to the crown was excused.
W. R-l.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Long, George (1780-1868)

​LONG, GEORGE (1780–1868), police magistrate, born in 1780, was second son of Joseph Long of Shopwick, near Chichester, Sussex. He first practised as an attorney in London, but on 6 Feb. 1806 he was admitted of Gray's Inn, and was called to the bar on 11 Feb. 1811 (Foster, Gray's Inn Reg. p. 408). He joined the home circuit and attended the Sussex sessions as a special pleader. In 1839 he was appointed a magistrate at Great Marlborough Street police court, and from 1840 until 1842 was recorder of Coventry. In 1841 he was transferred to Marylebone police court. He retired in 1859, being then a bencher of his inn, and died on 26 June 1868 at 51 Queen Anne Street, Cavendish Square.
Long's professional treatises are those of a sound lawyer, but his other writings are commonplace. He published: 1. 'Observations on a Bill to amend the Laws relatingto the Relief of the Poor in England,' 8vo, London, 1821. 2. 'A Treatise on the Law relative to Sales of Personal Property,' 8vo, London, 1821; 2nd American edit., with. additions by B. Rand, 8vo, Boston, Massachusetts, 1839. 3. 'Reflections on certain Parts of the Law of England: with Suggestions for the Improvement of the same,' 8vo, London, 1827. 4. 'An Essay on the Moral Nature of Man,' 8vo, London, 1841. 5. 'The Conduct of Life, a Series of Essays,' 8vo, London, 1845. 6. 'An Inquiry concerning Religion,' 8vo, London, 1855. He also revised and corrected the legal portion of the second edition of Captain William Hough's 'Practice of Courts-Martial,' 8vo, London, 1825.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Long, John St. John

​LONG, JOHN St. JOHN (1798–1831), empiric, second son of John Long, basket-maker and jack-of-all-trades, by Anne St. John, was born at Newcastle, co. Limerick, in 1798, and was bred to his father's various occupations, but showing some gift for drawing was, in 1816, provided by some charitable people with the means of attending the Dublin school of design. After two years ​passed in Dublin he returned to his native place, and maintained himself by giving drawing lessons. He also painted some pictures of still life and made some attempts at landscape and portrait painting. In 1822 he came to London, where he soon exchanged art for medicine, having lit upon an entirely original method of treating consumption, rheumatism, and other complaints, viz. the application of corrosive liniments and friction. He began practice in Howland Street, Fitzroy Square, in 1827, and found it so lucrative that after a few months he removed to 41 Harley Street, where for some years he was quite the 'médecin à la mode.' One of his patients, however, having died from the effects of his treatment, he was tried at the Old Bailey, and was found guilty of manslaughter on 23 Oct. 1830, but was discharged on paying a fine of 250l. Another trial on a similar charge ended in an acquittal. He himself died of a consumption, which he would not treat by his own method, on 2 July 1834. He bequeathed his property, including his 'secret,' which he valued at 10,000l., to his brother William.
Long published: 1. 'Discoveries in the Science and Art of Healing,' London, 1830, 8vo; 2nd edit. 1831. 2. 'A Critical Exposure of the Ignorance and Malpractice of certain Medical Practitioners in their Theory and Treatment of Disease,' &c. London, 1831, 8vo.
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greaves, James Pierrepont

​GREAVES, JAMES PIERREPONT (1777–1842), mystic, born 1 Feb. 1777, was in early life engaged in business in London. According to one account the firm in which he was a partner became bankrupt in 1806 owing to the French war; another authority says that 'after getting rich in commerce he lost his fortune by imprudent speculations.' He surrendered all his property to his creditors, and lived for some time on the income allowed him for winding up the affairs of his establishment. In 1817 he joined Pestalozzi the Swiss educational reformer, then established at Yverdun. Returning to England in 1825 he became secretary of the London Infant School Society. In 1832 he was settled in the village of Randwick, Gloucestershire, and engaged in an industrial scheme for the benefit of agricultural labourers. Resuming his residence in London, he drew around him many friends. A philosophical society founded by him, and known as the Æsthetic Society, met for some time at his house in Burton Crescent. His educational experiences gradually led him to peculiar convictions. 'As Being is before knowing and doing, I affirm that education can never repair the defects of Birth.' Hence the necessity of 'the divine existence being developed and associated with man and woman prior to marriage.' He was a follower of Jacob Boehme and saturated with German transcendentalism. A. F. Barham [q. v.] says that his followers mainly congregated at Ham in Surrey; here also a school was organised to give effect to his educational views. Barham adds that he considered him as essentially a superior man to Coleridge, and with much higher spiritual attainments and experience. 'His numerous acquaintances regarded him as a moral phenomenon, as a unique specimen of human character, as a study, as a curiosity, and an absolute undefinable.' The earning of a livelihood was naturally a subordinate matter with him; 'that he was often in great distress for means,' writes a member of a family in which he was a frequent guest, 'was proved by his once coming to us without socks under his boots.' Latterly he was a vegetarian, a water-drinker, and an advocate of hydropathy. A portrait prefixed to his works gives an impression of thoughtfulness, serenity, and benevolence. He published none of his writings separately, but printed a few of them in obscure periodicals. His last years were spent at Alcott House, Ham, so named after Amos Bronson Alcott, the American transcendentalist, with whom he had a long correspondence. Here he died on 11 March 1842, aged 65. Two volumes were afterwards published from his manuscripts (vol. i. 'Concordium,' Ham Common, Surrey, 1843; vol. ii. Chapman, 1845). Some minor publications, also posthumous, appear in the Brit. Mus. Cat.
[An Odd Medley of Literary Curiosities, by A. F. Barham, pt. ii. 1845; Letters and Extracts from the manuscript writings of J. P. Greaves
(memoir prefixed to); article 'A. B. Alcott' in Appleton's Cyclopædia, 1858; private information.]
J. M. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greaves, Thomas (1612-1676)

​GREAVES, THOMAS, D.D. (1612–1676), orientalist, was son of the Rev. John Greaves of Colemore, Hampshire, and brother of Sir Edward Greaves [q. v.], and of John Greaves [q. v.] He was educated at Charterhouse School, and was admitted scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, 1627, becoming fellow in 1636, and deputy-reader of Arabic 1637. He proceeded B.D. in 1641, and was appointed rector of Dunsby, near Sleaford, in Lincolnshire. He also held another living near London. He made a deposition on behalf of his brother, John Greaves, when the latter was ejected from his professorship at Merton. He proceeded D.D. in 1661, and was admitted to a prebend in the cathedral of Peterborough 23 Oct. 1666 (Le Neve, Fasti, ii.548), being then rector of Benefield in Northamptonshire. He was obliged to resign this rectory some years before his death on account of an impediment in his speech. The latter part of his life was spent at Weldon in Northamptonshire, where he had purchased an estate, and dying there in 1676, he was buried in the chancel of Weldon Church. The inscription on his gravestone called him 'Vir summæ pietatis et eruditionis; in philosophicis paucis secundus; in philologicis peritissimis par; in linguis Orientalibus plerisque major, quarum Persicam notis in appendice ad Biblia Polyglotta doctissime illustravit. Arabicam publice in Academia Oxon. professus est, dignissimus etiam qui et theologiam in eodem loco profiteretur; poeta insuper et orator insignis; atque in mathematicis profunde doctus.' His works are: 1. 'De linguæ Arabicæ utilitate et præstantia,' 1637 (see 'Letters to Thomas Greaves' by J. Selden and A. Wheelock, professor of Arabic at Cambridge, in Birch's Preface to the Miscellaneous Works of John Greaves, 1737, p. 67 sq.) 2. 'Observationes quædam in Persicam Pentateuchi versionem.' 3. 'Annotationes quædam in Persicam Interpretationem Evangeliorum,' both printed in vol. vi. of the 'Polyglot Bible,' 1647. He was probably also the author of 'A Sermon at Rotterdam,' 1763, and 'A brief Summary of Christian Religion.' Besides these works he contemplated a 'Treatise against Mahometanism,' as appears from a letter to his friend Baxter (published in Birch's Preface).
[Biog. Brit. 1757, iv. 2279; Wood's Fasti Oxon. ii. 2, 147; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 1061; Ward's Gresham Professors, 1740, pp. 145, 152; Macray's Annals of Bodleian.]
N. D. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greatorex, Ralph

​GREATOREX, RALPH (d. 1712?), mathematical instrument maker, is mentioned in Aubrey's 'Lives' (ii. 473) as a great friend of Oughtred the mathematician. He is also briefly referred to in Aubrey's 'Natural History of Wilts' (ed. Britton, p. 41), and in the 'Macclesfield Correspondence' (i. 82). Evelyn met Greatorex on 8 May 1656 (Diary, i. 314), and saw his 'excellent invention to quench fire.' His name appears in Pepys's 'Diary.' On 11 Oct. 1660, when several engines were shown at work in St. James's Park, 'above all the rest,' says Pepys, 'I liked that ​which Mr. Greatorex brought, which do carry up the water with a great deal of ease.' On 24Oct.Pepys bought of Greatorex a drawing-pen, 'and he did show me the manner of the lamp-glasses which carry the light a great way, good to read in bed by, and I intend to have one of them. And we looked at his wooden jack in his chimney, that goes with the smoake, which indeed is very pretty.' On 9 June and 20 Sept, 1662 and 23 March 1663 ('this day Greatorex brought me a very pretty weather-glasse for heat and cold') Pepys met the inventor; the last entry, 23 May 1663, refers to his varnish, 'which appears every whit as good upon a stick which he hath done, as the Indian.' Among the wills of the commissary court of London is that of one Ralph Greatorex, gentleman, of the parish of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, signed 1710, and proved 1713. It supplies, however, no direct evidence of the testator's identity with the mathematical instrument maker. Twenty pounds is left to Elizabeth Caron, widow, of the same parish (probably his landlady), and the residue to his 'loving friend, Sarah Fenton,' parish of St. Giles-in-the-Fields.
[Notes and Queries, 3rd ser. viii. 284.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greaves, Edward

​GREAVES, Sir EDWARD, M.D. (1608–1680), physician, son of John Greaves, rector of Colemore, Hampshire, was born at Croydon, Surrey, in 1608. He studied at Oxford, and was elected a fellow of All Souls' College in 1634. After this he studied medicine at Padua, where in 1636 he wrote some complimentary Latin verses to Sir George Ent [q. v.] on his graduation, and returning to Oxford graduated M.B. 18 July 1640, M.D. 8 July 1641. In 1642 he continued his medical studies at the university of Leyden, and on his return practised physic at Oxford, where, 14 Nov. 1643, he was appointed Linacre superior reader of physic. In the same year he published' Morbus epidemicus Anni 1643, or the New Disease with the Signes, Causes, Remedies,' &c, an account of a mild form of typhus fever, which was an epidemic at Oxford in that year, especially in the houses where sick and wounded soldiers were quartered. Charles I is supposed to have created him a baronet 4 May 1645. Of this creation, the first of a physician to that rank, no record exists, but the accurate Le Neve [q. v.] did not doubt the fact, and explained the absence of enrolment (Letter of Le Neve in Smith, Life of John Graves). With his friend Walter Charleton [q. v.] Greaves became travelling physician to Charles II, but settled in London in 1653, and was admitted a fellow of the College of Physicians 18 Oct. 1657. He delivered the Harveian oration at the College of Physicians 25 July 1661 (London, 1667, 4to), of which the original manuscript is in the British Museum (Sloane 302). It contains few facts and many conceits, but some of these are happy. He says that before Harvey the source of the circulation was as unknown as that of the Nile, and compares England to a heart, whence the knowledge of the circulation was driven forth to other lands. He became physician in ordinary to Charles II, lived in Covent Garden, there died 11 Nov. 1680, and was buried in the church of St. Paul's, Covent Garden.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. i. 277; Sloane MSS. in Brit. Mus. 225 and 279; Nash's Worcestershire; Wood's Athenæ Oxon. (Bliss), iii. 1266.]
N. M.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.141 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 37 | i | 22 f.e. | Greaves, Sir Edward: for 279 read 302 |
| | | 9 f.e. | for 225 and 279, i. 18 read 51 and 302 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Greaves, Thomas (fl.1604)

​GREAVES, THOMAS (fl. 1604), musical composer and lutenist, belonging probably to the Derbyshire family of Greaves, was lutenist to Sir Henry Pierrepont. He published in London in 1604, fol., 'Songes of sundrie kinds; first, aires to be sung to the lute and base violl; next, songes of sadnesse for the viols and voyce; lastly madrigalles for five voyces.' Three of the madrigals, 'Come away, sweet love,' 'Lady, the melting crystal of thine eyes,' and 'Sweet nymphs,' have been republished (1843 and 1857), with pianoforte accompaniment by G. W. Budd.
[Grove's Dict. i. 624; Brown's Dict. p. 288.]
L. M. M.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Green, Amos

Contains subarticle: John Green (Amos’s brother)
​GREEN, AMOS (1735–1807), painter, born in 1735 at Halesowen, near Birmingham, where his family owned a small property, was apprenticed to Baskerville, the Birmingham printer. He was chiefly occupied in painting trays and boxes, but soon developed a love of painting and drawing. His specialty lay ​in flower and fruit pieces, some of the former being imitations of J. B. Monnoyer and J. van Huysum. Later in life he took to landscape-painting with some success. His residence at Halesowen brought him the friendship of Shenstone [q. v.], the poet, and of George, lord Lyttelton, both being neighbours. With another neighbour at Hagley, Anthony Deane, he became so intimate that he was received into his family as one of its members, and moved with them to Bergholt in Suffolk, and eventually to Bath. He was a good landscape-gardener. In 1760 he sent two paintings of fruit to the first exhibition of the Incorporated Society of Artists, and exhibited again in 1763 and 1765. On 8 Sept. 1796 he married at Burlington Miss Lister, a native of York. He eventually settled at Burlington, but thenceforth did little important work in painting, spending, however, much time in sketching tours with his wife. He died at York on 10 June 1807, in his seventy-third year. He was buried at Fulford, and a monument to his memory was put up in Castlegate Church at York. His widow published a memoir of him after his death, to which a portrait, engraved by W. T. Fry from a drawing by R. Hancock, is prefixed.
There are three water-colour landscapes by him in the print room at the British Museum, including a view of Sidmouth Bay. Some of his works were engraved, notably 'Partridges,' in mezzotint by Richard Earlom. He is sometimes stated to have been a brother of Valentine Green [q. v.], the engraver, but this does not appear to be the case.
Benjamin [q. v.] and John Green seem to have been his brothers. The latter, probably a pupil of the eldest James Basire [q. v.], engraved plates from William Borlase's drawings for the 'Natural History of Cornwall' (1758), and also views for the 'Oxford Almanack,' besides some portraits, including one of Dr. Shaw, principal of St. Edmund Hall, Oxford (Upcott, Engl. Topography; Dodd, MS. History of English Engravers, Brit. Mus Addit. MSS. 33401)
[Memoir of Amos Green, Esq., written by his late widow; Gent. Mag. 1823, xciii. 16, 124, 290; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760-1800.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Masters, Mary

​MASTERS, Mrs. MARY (d. 1759?), poetess, was of humble birth, and her genius was 'always discountenanced by her parents.' She seems to have been known to most of the literati of the day; and Dr. Johnson, whom she occasionally visited, is said to have revised her volumes and 'illuminated them here and there with a ray of his own genius' (Boswell, edit. Croker, 1860, p. 743). In her 'Familiar Letters and Poems upon several Occasions' (London, 1755) there are three 'Short Ejaculations,' the first of which, the well-known, 'Tis religion that can give Sweetest pleasures while we live,' has been adopted in most hymnals. The original consists of six lines only; two more were added in Rippon's 'Selection' (1787), and. the eight lines divided into two stanzas, in which form the hymn is now known. An ejaculation for use 'At the Altar,' and beginning, 'my ador'd Redeemer! deign to be,' is sometimes met with. She is spoken of as 'chaste, moral, and religious,' and 'an agreeable and ingenious writer' (Monthly Review, 1st ser. xiii. 155). She is supposed to have died about 1759 (Croker, p. 78, n.}
[Holland's Psalmists of Great Britain, ii. 202; Julian's Dictionary of Hymnology, i. 718; W. Garrett Horder in Sunday Magazine, April 1889.]
J. C. H.