OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Katze

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Katze | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Katze, f., ‘cat,’ from the equiv. MidHG. katze, OHG. chazza, f.; a common Europ. word in the Mid. Ages and in modern times; of obscure origin. Comp. also AS. catt, m., E. cat; OIc. kǫttr, m. These assume Goth. *katta, *kattus. Early MidLat. cattus and its Rom. derivatives (Ital. gatto, Fr. chat), Ir. and Gael. cat, m., and Slav. kotǔ, ‘tom-cat,’ Lith. katě, ‘cat', kátinas, ‘tom-cat’ (allied to Serv. kotiti, ‘to litter,’ &c., kot, ‘brood, litter’), suggest the possibility that the Teut. term was borrowed from a neighbouring race after the period of the Teut. substitution of consonants, at latest a century before or after the migration of the tribes. It is a remarkable fact, however, that G. retains a prim. and independent masc. form of the word in Kater (Goth. *kaduza?), which also occurs in Du. and LG. kater (comp. E. caterwaul).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kattun

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kattun | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kattun, m., ‘cotton, calico,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kottûn, m., which is again derived from Du. kattoen, Fr. coton, equiv. to E. cotton.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kaue

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kaue | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kaue, f., ‘coop, cage, pen,’ from MidHG. kouwe (köwe), f., ‘miner's hut or shed over a shaft’ (OHG. *kouwa, Goth. *kaujô, are wanting); from Lat. cavea (intermediate form cauja?), ‘cavity.’ See also Käfig.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kartoffel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kartoffel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kartoffel, f., ‘potato,’ derived by a process of differentiation from the earlier ModHG. form Tartuffel. Potatoes were introduced into Germany about the middle of the 18th cent. from Italy, as is proved by the Ital. name (comp. Ital. tartufo, tartufolo; see Trüffel). Another name, Erdapfel, ​seems to indicate that the plant was brought from the Netherlands and France, Du. aard-appel, Fr. pomme de terre. The dial. Grumbire is due to a similar conception, its orig. form being Grundbirne. Tuffeln is a shortened form of Kartoffel, resulting from the position of the accent (comp. Kürbis from cucúrbita). The rarer dial. Bataten (Franc.), which corresponds to E. potato, is based upon Ital. and Span. patata, the final source of which is an American word. Potatoes were introduced in the 17th cent. from America into Spain and Italy, and were transplanted from these countries to the north.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kastanie

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kastanie | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kastanie, f., ‘chestnut’; comp. OHG. chęstinna, MidHG. kę́stene, kę́sten, kastânie. The latter is evidently a return to the orig. form, Lat. castanea, which had already been transformed to kęstenne (comp. UpG. Kešte). Moreover, OHG. chęstinna and AS. čisten (čistenbeám, MidHG. kestenboum, E. chestnut) point to a Lat. *castinia, *castinja. Comp. Fr. châtaigne, Ital. castagna, ‘chestnut.’ The Lat. word is derived from the equiv. Gr. καστανέα, -νεια, -νειον, -νον; the chestnut was named from the town of Κάστανα, in Pontus.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Krebs

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krebs | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krebs, m., ‘crayfish,’ from the equiv. MidHG. krëbeȥe, krëbeȥ, OHG. chrëbiȥ, chrëbaȥo, m.; comp. Du. kreeft, m., ‘crayfish’; allied to LG. Krabbe. The G. word passed at an early period into Rom. (comp. Fr. écrevisse, ‘cray fish,’ and crevette, ‘shrimp’). It is not connected with Gr. κάραβος, but rather with OHG. chrâpfo, ‘hook’; Krebs, lit. ‘hooked or claw fish’?. See Krapfen (2).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kretschem

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kretschem | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kretschem, Kretscham, m., from the equiv. MidHG. kretschem, kretscheme, m., ‘village tavern,’ a Slav. loan-word; Bohem. krčma, Wend. korčma, Pol. karczma, ‘tavern.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kreuz

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kreuz | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kreuz, n., ‘cross,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kriuz, kriuze, n., OHG. chrûzi, n.; from Lat. crŭci- (dat. cruci, acc. crucem), with change of vowel quantity in the stem as in Leier, Lilie, and Litze, and also of gender (comp. Abt, Orden, and Pech). The change of medial c in the Lat. word to HG. tz, though in another group of (older) loan-words Lat. c, even before open vowels, appears as k in HG. and Teut., is due to the fact that words like Keller and Kaiser were introduced into Germany at a far earlier period than Kreuz, which was adopted with Christianity in the 8th and 9th cents. The Goths used Teut. Galgen (Goth. galga), the English of the earliest period, rood (comp. Rute). The loanword is now found in all the Mod. Teut. languages — Ic. kross, Swed. and Dan. kors, Du. kruis, E. cross.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kreis

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kreis | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kreis, m., ‘circle, orbit, sphere,’ from MidHG. kreiȥ, m., ‘circumference, circuit, division of a country district’; OHG. chreiȥ, pointing to Goth. *kraits, and D, krijt to. Goth. *kreits, Comp. MidHG. krîȥen (MidG.), ‘to make a circle.’ The word cannot be traced beyond G.; it is not allied to Kranz and Kring. Comp. kritzeln.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kresse

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kresse | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kresse (1.), f., ‘cress, from the equiv. MidHG. kręsse, OHG. chręsso, m., chressa, f.; corresponding to Du. kers, kors, f., AS. cœrse, f., E. cress. This word, which is probably peculiar to West Teut., found its way to the North—Dan. karse, Swed. krasse, Lett. kresse; it was also adopted by the Rom. languages — Fr. cresson, Ital. crescione. The assumption that the Rom. words contain the orig. form is opposed by the early appearance of the term in the old West Teut. languages. It is true that no plausible explanation of OHG. chręsso (Goth. *krasja?) has been put forward; OHG. chrësan, MidHG. krësen, krîsen, ‘to crawl,’ seems unrelated.
Kresse (2.), f., ‘gudgeon,’ from the equiv. MidHG. kresse, OHG. chresso, m. Different from Kresse (1). The fish is thus named only in G., and hence the term is not diffused in West Teut. like the preceding word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kreide

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kreide | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kreide, f., ‘chalk,’ from the equiv. MidHG. krîde, late OHG. krîda, f.; ultimate source Lat. crêta, f., ‘Cretan earth’ The change from Lat. ê to HG. î cannot be explained by the ModGr. pronunciation of Crete (comp. MidHG. Krîde, Scand. Krít, ‘Crete’), since there are other instances in which Lat. ê appears in HG. loan-words,, as î; comp. Feier, and espec. Seide. Besides, the word crêta, ‘Cretan earth,’ is unknown to. Gr. The more precise history of the adoption of HG. krîda is obscure (the corresponding words in Rom. are Ital. creta and Fr. craie).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kreisel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kreisel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kreisel, see Kräusel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kreppel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kreppel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kreppel, see Kräppel.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Krause

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Krause | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Krause, f., ‘pitcher with a lid,’ from MidHG. krûse, f., ‘pitcher, earthenware drinking vessel’; OHG. *chrûsa, f.; MidDu. kruise, AS. *crûse, MidE. crûse, E. cruse; Scand. krús, ‘pitcher with a lid.’ It is not immediately connected with HG. Krug. That the word is of foreign origin seems certain, yet the ultimate source cannot be Gr. κρωσσός, ‘pitcher.’ See the following word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Kraut

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Kraut | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Kraut, n., ‘herb, vegetable, weed,’ from ​MidHG. krût, n., ‘small foliated plant, herb, vegetable,’ espec. ‘cabbage,’ OHG. krût, OSax. crûd; Du. kruid, n., ‘herb, spice, gunpowder’ (the last meaning is also found in MidHG. from the 14th cent.); MidE. crûdewain (Du. kruidwagen), ‘ammunition waggon,’ seems to have been borrowed. Goth. *krûþ (gen. *krûdis), n., might be taken for krû-da-, with the suffix da- from tó (Aryan grû-tó-). Gr. γρύτη, ‘lumber, trash,’ does not agree in meaning. Perhaps the word should be connected rather with the Gr. root βρυ- for gru; comp. βρύω, ‘to swell,’ ἔμβρυον, ‘embryo,’ βρύον, ‘moss.’ From G. is derived Fr. choucroute, m., ‘pickled cabbage.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Thran

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Thran. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Thran, masculine, ‘train-oil, blubber,’ Modern High German only, a Low German word, corresponding to Dutch traan, Danish and Swedish tran. The origin and primary meaning of the word are unknown.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Theiding

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Theiding. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Theiding, neuter, in Narrentheiding, ‘empty talk,’ from Middle High German teidinc, tagedinc, ‘discussion, negotiation, talk’ (properly ‘the judicial proceeding’ appointed for a certain day or period). Compare Ding and verteidigen.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Thor

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Thor. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Thor (1.), masculine, ‘fool,’ from Middle High German tôre, tôr, masculine, ‘insane person, fool’; *tôro, masculine, has not yet been found in Old High German. The r of the adjective has originated in s (z), as is shown by Old High German tusîg, Anglo-Saxon dysig, ‘foolish,’ English dizzy, and Dutch duizelig, ‘dizzy.’ For further Teutonic cognates of the Aryan root dhus (dhaus, dhwē̆s) see under Dusel; it is uncertain whether Latin furere, ‘to rage,’ is derived from this root dhus. —
​ Thor (2.), neuter, ‘gate, gateway,’ from the equivalent Middle High German and Old High German tor, neuter; corresponding to Gothic daúr, Old Saxon dor, neuter, ‘gate, door.’ See Thür.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Theriak

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Theriak. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Theriak, masculine, ‘antidote; treacle’; in Middle High German drîakel, trîakel, trîaker (Dutch teriaak, triakel), from Greek-Middle Latin θηριακόν, ‘remedy for the bite of wild animals.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Thier

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Thier. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Thier, see Tier.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Thron

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Thron. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Thron, masculine, ‘throne,’ from the equivalent Middle High German trôn, masculine, which originated in French trône, or, with the lengthening of the vowel in an open syllable, in Latin (Greek) thronus (compare Italian trono).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Theil

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Theil. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Theil, see Teil.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Thon

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Thon. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Thon, masculine, ‘clay,’ earlier Modern High German Than, Tahen, from Middle High German tâhe, dâhe, Old High German dâha, feminine, ‘clay, loam’ (also ‘earthen vessel’); corresponding to Gothic þâhô (from *þânhô), feminine, ‘clay,’ Anglo-Saxon þô (older þôhœ), feminine, ‘clay,’ Old Icelandic þá, feminine, ‘clayey soil.’ No words occur in the other Aryan languages to elucidate the implied pre-Teutonic tankân, ‘loam.’
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Thorheit

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Thorheit. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Thorheit, feminine, ‘foolishness,’ from Middle High German tôrheit.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Thräne

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Thräne. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Thräne, feminine, ‘tear’ (in Swabian and Bavarian Zähre is the popular term), from the equivalent late Middle High German trêne, feminine; properly the plural of the Middle High German singular trahen (contracted trân), masculine; corresponding to Old High German trahan (trân), masculine (Old Saxon trahni, plural), ‘tears’; Teutonic base, trahnu-. The equivalent Middle High German traher recalls Middle High German zaher (see Zähre), so that Teutonic tahru must have had the parallel ​forms trahru and trahnu. More definite information concerning the early history of Middle High German trahen, traher, cannot be ascertained.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zwinge

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwinge | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwinge, f., ‘vice, clamp, holdfast,’ lit. that which encloses or presses together; corresponding to the equiv. Dan. tvinge. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zwist

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwist | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwist, m., ‘dissension, quarrel; twist,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zwist, m.; properly a LG. word which has passed into HG. Comp. LG. and Du. twist, ‘quarrel,’ also Du. and E. twist, Dan. twist, ‘twisted stuff, MidE. twist, ‘branch’ (twisten, ‘to plait’), Oc. tvistr, ‘sad, disunited,’ Ic. tvistra, ‘to dissever.’ The Aryan root dwis, on which these words are based, appears in Sans. as dviš, ‘to hate,’ with a signification that resembles ModHG. Zwist; it may have been ‘to be at variance, disunited.’ Perhaps Lat. bellum, duellum, ‘war, from the base *dwerlo-, equiv. to *dwislo-?, is also connected with this word.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zwiesel

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwiesel | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwiesel, f., ‘fork,’ from MidHG. zwisele, OHG. zwisila, f., ‘fork, forked branch’; a derivative, like Zweig and Zweifel, from the stem twi- (see zwie-).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zwietracht

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwietracht | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwietracht, f., ‘dissension, discord,’ from MidHG. zwitraht, f., ‘disunion’; zwieträchtig, adj., ‘discordant, at variance,’ from MidHG. zweitrehtc, ‘disunited, discordant’; as a MidG. word it is allied to treffen (comp. Eintracht).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zwilling

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwilling | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwilling, m., ‘twin,’ from the equiv. MidHG. zwinelinc, zwillinc (g), m. (also zwiselinc and zwilich-kint), and zwinelîn, n., OHG. zwiniling, m. A derivative of the OHG. adj., zwinal, ‘geminus, gemellus,’ and also, like zwinal, from zwi-, ‘twofold’; comp. the equiv. E. twin, Du. tweeling, Dan. tvilling.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zwirn

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwirn | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwirn, m., ‘thread, twine, twisted yarn,’ from MidHG. zwirn, m., ‘double thread’; like AS. twîn, E. twine, Du. twijn (Dan. tvinde, ‘twine wheel’), it points to a base twizna-. A Teut. root twis appears also by a different derivation in E. twist. —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zwinger

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwinger | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwinger, m., ‘fortified castle, prison, narrow space, wild beast’s cage, arena,’ from MidHG. twingœre, m., ‘oppressor, space between the walls and ditch of a citadel, promurale, fortress.’ Comp. Dan. twinger, ‘prison, wild beast's cage’ (Du. dwinger, ‘despot, tyrant’).
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zwiesprache

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwiesprache | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwiesprache, f., ‘dialogue, colloquy,’ ModHG. only; in OHG. zwisprëhho, m., with a different sense, ‘bifarius,’ and in AS. twisprœ̂ce, adj., ‘double-tongued, deceitful.’ —
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zwielicht

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwielicht | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwielicht, n., ‘twilight,’ ModHG. only, formed from LG. twelecht; the MidHG. expression is zwischenlicht; comp. E. twilight.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Zwiespalt

| Expand abbreviations An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Zwiespalt | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Zwiespalt, m., ‘division, discord, schism,’ ModHG. only, from zwie- and Spalt; in MidHG. the form is zwispęltunge, f., ‘division, discord.’ —
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book I/Chapter XXIX

29. And would that it were allowed me to deliver this argument with the whole world formed, as it were, into one assembly, and to be placed in the hearing of all the human race! Are we therefore charged before you with an impious religion? and because we approach the Head and Pillar of the universe with worshipful service, are we to be considered—to use the terms employed by you in reproaching us—as persons to be shunned, and as godless ones? And who would more properly bear the odium of these names than he who either knows, or inquires after, or believes any other god rather than this of ours? To Him do we not owe this first, that we exist, that we are said to be men, that, being either sent forth from Him, or having fallen from Him, we are confined in the darkness of this body? Does it not come from Him that we walk, that we breathe and live? and by the very power of living, does He not cause us to exist and to move with the activity of animated being? From this do not causes emanate, through which our health is sustained by the bountiful supply of various pleasures? Whose is that world in which you live? or who hath authorized you to retain its produce and its possession? Who hath given that common light, enabling us to see distinctly all things lying beneath it, to handle them, and to examine them? Who has ordained that the fires of the sun should exist for the growth of things, lest elements pregnant with life should be numbed by settling down in the torpor of inactivity? When you believe that the sun is a deity, do you not ask who is his founder, who has fashioned him? Since the moon is a goddess in your estimation, do you in like manner care to know who is her author and framer?

## Footnotes

* ↑ Columen is here regarded by some as equal to culmen; but the term “pillar” makes a good sense likewise.
* ↑ This is according to the doctrine of Pythagoras, Plato, Origen, and others, who taught that the souls of men first existed in heavenly beings, and that on account of sins of long standing they were transferred to earthly bodies to suffer punishment. Cf. Clem. Alex. Strom. iii. p. 433.
# Ante-Nicene Fathers/Volume VI/Arnobius/Adversus Gentes/Book I/Chapter XXXIII

33. Is there any human being who has not entered on the first day of his life with an idea of that Great Head? In whom has it not been implanted by nature, on whom has it not been impressed, aye, stamped almost in his mother’s womb even, in whom is there not a native instinct, that He is King and Lord, the ruler of all things that be? In fine, if the dumb animals even could stammer forth their thoughts, if they were able to use our languages; nay, if trees, if the clods of the earth, if stones animated by vital perceptions were able to produce vocal sounds, and to utter articulate speech, would they not in that case, with nature as their guide and teacher, in the faith of uncorrupted innocence, both feel that there is a God, and proclaim that He alone is Lord of all?