OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jorden, Edward

​JORDEN, EDWARD, M.D. (1569–1632), physician and chemist, born in 1569 at High Halden, Kent, the younger son of a gentleman of good family, was educated at Oxford, probably at Hart Hall. Having left the university without, apparently, taking a degree, he travelled on the continent, and spent some time at Padua, where he graduated M.D. On his return he practised in London, and became licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians on 7 Nov. 1595, fellow 22 Dec. 1597 (Munk). Jorden acquired the confidence of James I, and was probably successful in practice; but after some years he removed to Bath, where he died on 7 Jan. 1632, in his sixty-third year, and was buried in the Abbey Church. He married the daughter of a Mr. Jordan, and left one daughter.
While in London Jorden was employed by James I to examine the case of a girl believed to be bewitched or possessed by an evil spirit, whom the king, interested in such matters, had caused to be brought to London. Jorden detected the imposture, and brought the girl to confess. In connection with the same subject he wrote a small but important tract, in which he had the singular boldness and enlightenment to maintain that cases of so-called demoniacal possession were really due to ‘fits of the mother,’ or, in modern language, hysteria (‘A Briefe Discourse of a Disease called the Suffocation of the Mother, written upon occasion which hath beene of late taken thereby to suspect possession of an evill spirit, or some such-like supernatural power. Wherein is declared that divers strange actions and passions of the body of man, which are imputed to the Divell, have their true natural causes, and do accompanie this disease,’ London, 1603, 4to).
Another work by Jorden of curious interest is ‘A Discourse of Natural Bathes and Mineral Waters,’ London, 1631, 4to; 2nd edit. 1632, 4to; 3rd edit. 1633, 4to; 4th (called 3rd), edited by Thomas Guidott, with some particulars of the author's life, London, 1669, 8vo (portrait, but usually wanting); 5th (called 4th) edit. London, 1673, 8vo. Jorden was also interested in the manufacture of alum, and claims to have improved the process, though his outlay thereon did not turn out profitably for himself. The knowledge of chemistry displayed in his discourse on baths is not remarkable, even for the age in which he lived. Jorden seems to have deserved Guidott's eulogy as ‘a learned, candid, and sober physician,’ who had ‘the applause of the learned, respect from the rich, prayers from the poor, and the love of all.’
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 548; Guidott's edition of the Discourse of Natural Bathes, 1669; Munk's Coll. of Phys. 1878, i. 113.]
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Joseph, George Francis

​JOSEPH, GEORGE FRANCIS (1764–1846), portrait and subject painter, said to be a native of Dublin, was born 25 Nov. 1764. He became a student at the Royal Academy in 1784, and in 1792 gained the gold medal for a ‘Scene from Coriolanus.’ He sent his first contribution to the Academy in 1788, and became a constant exhibitor both there and at the British Institution. In 1797 he painted ‘Mrs. Siddons as the Tragic Muse.’ In 1811 the directors of the British Institution awarded him one-third of their combined premiums of 350 guineas for his ‘Return of Priam with the dead body of Hector,’ and in 1812 one hundred guineas for his ‘Procession to Calvary.’ In 1813 he was elected an associate of the Academy. Joseph painted many fancy subjects, and made designs for book-illustrations, but is best known as a portrait-painter. His portraits both in oil and miniature are very numerous, and some of them have been engraved. He practised in London until 1836, when he retired to Cambridge; there he died in 1846, having continued to exhibit at the Academy until that year, and was buried in St. Michael's churchyard. His portraits of Spencer Perceval, painted in 1812, and Sir Stamford Raffles (1817) are in the National Portrait Gallery, and the print room of the British Museum possesses an interesting portrait of Charles Lamb at the age of forty-four, drawn by Joseph in water-colours.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Notes and Queries, 6th ser. iv. 541; Sandby's Hist. of the Royal Academy; Scharf's Cat. Nat. Port. Gall.; Graves's Dict. of Artists, 1760–1880.]
F. M. O'D.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Jorz, Walter

​JORZ or JORSE, WALTER (fl. 1306), archbishop of Armagh, was a Dominican of Oxford. Like Thomas Jorz [q. v.], his brother, he is doubtfully said to have been a disciple of Albertus Magnus, and a fellow-student with Thomas Aquinas. He was authorised to hear confessions in the diocese of Lincoln in 1300, and appears to have been confessor to Edward I. In 1306 Jorse was in Italy, and was there consecrated archbishop of Armagh by Pope Clement V. Edward I regarded the Italian consecration as an acknowledgment on Jorz's part of the pope's right to exercise greater authority over the Church of England than he approved. Jorz was fined for his action, and much delay ensued before he was admitted to his see. Pope Clement V wrote to the clergy of Armagh recommending submission to Jorz in 1307. Jorz became involved in a controversy concerning the jurisdiction which archbishops of Armagh endeavoured to assert in the province of Dublin. He resigned the see in 1307, and is stated to have been buried at Genoa. A second brother, Roland, was promoted by the pope to the see of Armagh in 1311, and resigned the office on 20 March 1321. Walter Jorz is said to have written ‘Promptuarium Theologiæ,’ ‘De Peccatis in genere,’ ‘Quæstiones Variæ,’ ‘Theologiæ Summa,’ and ‘De Peccato originali,’ but none of these works are known to be extant.
[Ware's De Scriptoribus Hiberniæ, 1639, and De Præsulibus Hiberniæ, 1665; Quétif's Scriptores Ordinis Prædicatorum, 1719; Hibernia Dominicana, 1762; Tanner's Bibl. Brit.-Hib. p. 444; A. Theiner's Vetera Monumenta, 1854; Cotton's Fasti Eccl. Hib. iii. 14.]
J. T. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Joseph, Samuel

Date of birth 1790/1 in the ODNB.
​JOSEPH, SAMUEL (d. 1850), sculptor, is said to have been son of the treasurer of St. John's College, Cambridge, although the ​college registers give no authority for the statement. He was cousin to George Francis Joseph [q. v.] He was a pupil of Peter Rouw [q. v.], and a student of the Royal Academy, where in 1815 he obtained a gold medal for a group of ‘Eve supplicating Forgiveness.’ He soon obtained practice in London as a sculptor of busts and medallion portraits, and was a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy, commencing in 1811, when he sent two busts, one being of the son of his master, Rouw. In 1823 he removed to Edinburgh, where he settled for five years, and obtained plenty of practice. Here his work was much esteemed, and he was elected a fellow of the Royal Scottish Academy. At the National Gallery of Scotland in Edinburgh there are busts by him of Lord Brougham, Sir David Wilkie, the Rev. Archibald Alison, and Henry Mackenzie. In 1826 he returned to London, but did not subsequently meet with the success which he contemplated. There was good style and workmanship in his busts. In 1830 he executed by command a bust of George IV. Joseph is best known by his statue of Sir David Wilkie in the National Gallery, presented by a committee of gentlemen in 1844, and by his well-known statue of William Wilberforce in Westminster Abbey, a very popular work, which has, however, excited some adverse criticism. Joseph exhibited at the Royal Academy for the last time in 1846. He died in London in 1850.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Men of the Reign; Catalogues of the Royal Academy and the National Gallery of Scotland.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hall, Samuel (1769?-1852)

​HALL, SAMUEL (1769?–1852), known as the ‘Sherwood Forest Patriarch,’ born about 1769, worked as a cobbler at Brookside Cottage, Sutton-in-Ashfield, Nottinghamshire. He joined the quakers at an early age, and wore the dress, though by marrying out of the pale he ceased to belong to the society. He died on 20 Aug. 1852, in his eighty-fourth year (Gent. Mag. 1852, pt. ii. 435). By his wife Eleanor Spencer, a Derbyshire shepherdess and dairymaid, he had, with other issue, a son, Spencer Timothy Hall [q. v.] Hall was author of ‘A Few Remarks offered to the consideration of the professors of the Christian name; among which are some reasons why the people called Quakers chuse to suffer loss in their property rather than actively comply with requisitions to serve in the Army or Militia, or to pay or hire others for serving in their stead,’ 8vo [Nottingham], 1797 (Joseph Smith, Cat. of Friends' Books, i. 907). He also penned a treatise on the advantages of pressure upon light soils to the growth of grain and bulbous roots, and invented a machine for sowing, manuring, and pressing turnip seed in one operation. At the age of sixty-five he wrote his ‘Will,’ in which he set forth his religious opinions.
[Authorities as above.]
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hall, Samuel (1781-1863)

​HALL, SAMUEL (1781–1863), engineer and inventor, was second son of Robert Hall, cotton manufacturer and bleacher, of Basford, Nottingham, where he was born in 1781. He was an elder brother of Marshall Hall [q. v.] the physiologist. He took out patents in 1817 and 1823 for ‘gassing’ lace and net, which consisted in passing the fabric rapidly through a row of gas flames, all the loose fibres being thus removed without injury to the lace. The process exercised a most important influence upon the lace trade of Nottingham, and is still used universally. It brought much wealth to the inventor, but he unfortunately dissipated his fortune in bringing out other inventions. In 1838 Hall patented his ‘surface condenser,’ in which the steam is condensed by passing it through a number of small tubes cooled on the outside. It was chiefly intended for use at sea, and it was hoped that the evils attending the presence of salt in boilers would be obviated by charging them with fresh water at the commencement of a voyage and using it over and over again. The invention was extensively though unsuccessfully tried during 1839–41, but the principle of tubular condensers is now largely used for cooling purposes. His other patents, which number twenty in all, relate chiefly to steam engines and boilers. He died 21 Nov. 1863 in very reduced circumstances, in Morgan Street, Tredegar Square, Bow.
[Mechanic's Mag. vols. xxviii–xxxiii. xxxvii.; Nottingham Journal, 4 Dec. 1863.]
R. B. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hall, Thomas (1660?-1719?)

​HALL, THOMAS, D.D. (1660?–1719?), catholic divine, born in London about 1660, was son of Thomas Hall, a cook, who resided for some time in Ivy Lane, near St. Paul's Cathedral, and brother of William Hall [q. v.], prior of the Carthusians at Nieuwpoort. He studied in the English College at Lisbon till he had completed his study of philosophy, when he was sent to Paris to study divinity, and to take his degrees. After about six years he was admitted B.D. and received deacon's orders. In October 1688 he became professor of philosophy in the English College at Douay, where on 24 Sept. 1689 he was ordained priest. In the following year he returned to Paris, and was created D.D. Afterwards he laboured on the English mission for several years, and finally retiring to Paris, died there about 1719. Dodd describes him as a person of extraordinary natural parts, and an eloquent preacher. He left in manuscript the following works: 1. ‘A Treatise of Prayer.’ 2. ‘Spondani Annales,’ a translation, 2 vols. fol. 3. ‘The Catechism of Grenoble,’ a translation, 3 vols. 8vo. 4. ‘A Collection of Lives of the Saints,’ a translation, left incomplete.
T. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hall, Spencer (1806-1875)

​HALL, SPENCER (1806–1875), librarian of the Athenæum Club, was born in Ireland in 1806, and was articled to John Booth, bookseller, of Duke Street, Portman Square, London. He lived a short time in Germany and was afterwards with Messrs. Hodges & Smith of Dublin. He was appointed librarian of the Athenæum Club in 1833, on the recommendation of his relative Magrath, who succeeded Faraday as the first secretary of the club. The members had been only three years in possession of their present house in Pall Mall, so that Hall was connected with the early organisation of the library. He issued a pamphlet on the classification of the library in 1858, followed three years later by a letter to John Murray suggesting an edition of Shakespeare with literary criticisms. His other publications were mainly of an antiquarian character. He was elected a fellow of the Society of Antiquaries, 13 May 1858. Under his management the library of the Athenæum Club gradually became one of the choicest collections of books of reference in London. He retired after forty-two years' service, owing to failing health, in May 1875, when he was elected an honorary member of the club and voted a pension. He died 21 Aug. 1875 at Tunbridge Wells, in his seventieth year. His knowledge of books and general literature was very great, and he was always ready with help and advice. His own library was sold by Messrs. Sotheby on 26 June 1876. William Hall, of Messrs. Chapman & Hall, was his brother.
He contributed to the ‘Archæological Journal,’ to the ‘Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries,’ as well as to the ‘Art Journal’ and other serials. He published:
* ‘Suggestions for the Classification of the Library, now collecting at the Athenæum,’ London, 1838, 8vo (for private circulation).
* ‘Letter to John Murray upon an Æsthetic Edition of the Works of Shakespeare,’ London, 1841, 8vo.
* ‘Echyngham of Echyngham,’ London, 1850, 8vo.
* ‘Notices of Sepulchral Memorials at Etchingham, Sussex, and of the Church at that Place,’ London, 1851, 8vo.
* ‘Documents from Simancas relating to the Reign of Elizabeth (1558–68); translated from the Spanish of Don Tomás Gonzalez, and edited with Notes and an Introduction,’ Lond., 1865, 8vo.
* ‘Francesca da Rimini’ [London, privately printed, 1874], ​8vo (translated from the 'Inferno' of Dante, canto v.)
[Personal knowledge; see also the Athenæum, 11 Sept 1875, p. 338; Proceedings Soc. Antiquaries, 24 April 1876, p. 11; Transactions of the Conference of Librarians, 1877, London, 1878, pp. 231-2.]
H. R. T.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hall, Timothy

​HALL, TIMOTHY (1637?–1690), titular bishop of Oxford under James II, the son of a wood-turner and householder of St. Katharine's, near the Tower, a precinct of St. Botolph, Aldgate, was born probably in 1637, within the area now covered by the docks. He was admitted student of Pembroke College, Oxford, in 1654, then under presbyterian influences. He took no degree but that of B. A. Afterwards he obtained the livings of Norwood and Southam (Kennett, Register, p. 922), from which he was ejected in 1662. In 1667, having complied and signed the articles (11 Jan.), he was presented to the small living of Horsendon, Buckinghamshire. He became perpetual curate of Princes Risborough in 1669, vicar of Bledlow in 1674, all of which benefices he relinquished in 1677 for the city living of Allhallows Staining. He seems to have acted as broker for the Duchess of Portsmouth in the sale of pardons.
Under James II he published the royal declaration for 'liberty of conscience' (1687), and on the death of Bishop Parker he was nominated (18 Aug. 1688) to the see of Oxford; but though duly consecrated at Lambeth on 7 Oct. he was refused installation by the canons of Christ Church, and consequent admission to the temporalities, while the university refused to create him doctor of divinity, though he had a mandamus (Luttrell, Relation, i. 457). After the revolution he was reduced to hopeless poverty. At first he refused to take the oaths to the new king and queen, but yielded at the last moment (ib. ii. 6), and retained his title till his death. There is no valid ground to charge him with actual perversion to Romanism. His death is thus recorded in the registers of St. John, Hackney: 'The rt. Revd. Father in God, Timothy (Hall), late L$^d$ Bpp. of Oxford, dyed the 9th & was buried the 13th of April 1690.'
Hall is described by Kennett as 'one of the meanest and most obscure of the city divines, who had no merit but that of reading the king's declaration' (Complete History iii. 491). He was author of two funeral sermons, printed respectively in 1684 and 1689; and he appears to have obtained a regular grant of arms (see Rawlinson MS. 128 B., Bodleian Library).
A. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Hall, William (1748-1825)

​HALL, WILLIAM (1748–1825), poet and antiquary, was born on 1 June 1748 at Willow Booth, a small island in the fen district of Lincolnshire. His parents were very poor, and he himself at a very early age married a girl named Suke or Sukey Holmes, and became a gozzard, or keeper and breeder of ​geese. But the floods swept away his flock, which (he complains) were appropriated by his neighbours, and after much wandering he settled in Marshland in Norfolk, where he gained for some time a living as an auctioneer and ‘cow-leech,’ while his wife practised midwifery and phlebotomy. Here he asserts (in verse) that his arm broke on account of rheumatic throbbing, whereupon he removed to Lynn, and commenced business as a dealer in old books. ‘The Antiquarian Library,’ as he called his shop, did fairly well, though he was obliged to sell, as opportunity offered, many other things besides books. He died in 1825. Hall published a considerable number of strange rough rhymes, dealing with the fens, fen life, and the difficulties of his calling. ‘Low-Fen-Bill,’ as he sometimes styled himself, had a perception of his own faults, which he describes when mentioning John Taylor the ‘Water Poet,’
Who near two centuries ago Wrote much such nonsense as I do.
But his doggerel is not without a certain Hudibrastic force, and it frequently contains graphic touches descriptive of modes of fen life now passed away. He published at Lynn: 1. ‘A Sketch of Local History, being a Chain of Incidents relating to the state of the Fens from the Earliest Accounts to the Present Time,’ 1812. 2. ‘Reflections upon Times, and Times, and Times! or a more than Sixty Years' Tour of the Mind,’ 1816; a second part was published in 1818.
F. W-t.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Rochead, John Thomas

​ROCHEAD, JOHN THOMAS (1814–1878), architect, son of John Rochead, chartered accountant, was born in Edinburgh on 28 March 1814. He was educated in George Heriot's hospital, and at the age of sixteen entered the office of David Bryce, architect. After seven years' apprenticeship there he became principal draughtsman in Harst & Moffatt's office, Doncaster, where he remained for two years. In 1840, among 150 competitors, he gained the first premium for a proposed Roman catholic cathedral in Belfast. In 1841 he started as an architect in Glasgow, where he resided till 1870. He soon became recognised as an architect of great ability and originality. He was a skilful draughtsman, and his designs, to their most minute details, were done by his own ​hand. After the ‘disruption’ he designed many free churches in Scotland. His knowledge of Gothic art is well displayed in the Park church and St. John's Free Church, both in Glasgow, the parish churches of Renfrew and Aberfoyle, and St. Mary's Free Church, Edinburgh. His able treatment of Italian and classic architecture was shown in the Bank of Scotland, John Street United Presbyterian Church, the Unitarian Chapel, and his design for building the University—all in Glasgow. In 1857 he won a 300l. prize in the competition for designs for the war office in London, and in two keen competitions his designs for the Wallace monument, Stirling, were successful. Rochead was the architect of Queen Margaret College, Glasgow, and he designed many private mansions in Scotland, including Minard Castle, Knock Castle, West Shandon, Blair Vaddoch, and Sillerbut Hall. In 1870, owing to impaired health, he retired to Edinburgh, where he died suddenly on 7 April 1878. He was survived by his widow (Catherine Calder, whom he married in 1843), a son, and four daughters.
[Scotsman, 10 April 1878, and Builder, 20 April 1878; Dict. of Architecture, vii. 54; information supplied by the family.]
G. S-h.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Roche, Philip

​ROCHE, PHILIP (d. 1798), Irish rebel, a Roman catholic priest attached to the parish of Poulpearsay, co. Wexford, and formerly of Gorey, appears to have joined the rebels encamped at the foot of Corrigrua Hill, under the command of Father John Murphy (1753?–1798) [q. v.], shortly before the battle of Tubberneering, on 4 June 1798 (Taylor, Hist. of the Rebellion, p. 73; Byrne, Memoirs, i. 86). It was mainly in consequence of information furnished to him that the rebels were enabled to anticipate and so to frustrate the attack of Major-general Loftus and Colonel Walpole. His priestly character and personal bravery at Tubberneering won him great reputation with the insurgents, and when Beauchamp Bagenal Harvey [q. v.] was three or four days later deposed from his command, in consequence of his repugnance at such atrocities as the massacre at Scullabogue, Roche was elected commander of the rebels encamped at Slyeeve-Keelter, near New Ross. After several unsuccessful attempts to intercept the navigation of the river, Roche moved his camp to Lacken Hill, where he remained for some days unmolested and almost inactive; but it was noted to his credit that during that time no such atrocities as were only too common among the rebels at Vinegar Hill were permitted by him (Gordon, Rebellion, App. p. 85). On 19 June he was surprised, and compelled to retreat from Lacken Hill to Three Rocks, near Wexford (cf. Cloney, Narrative, pp. 54–60). On the following day he intercepted a detachment under Sir John Moore, who was moving up to join in the attack on Vinegar Hill, at a place called Goffsbridge, or Foulkes Mill, near the church of Horetown. He is said to have displayed great military skill in the disposition of his forces, but after a fierce engagement, which lasted four hours, was compelled to fall back on Three Rocks, effecting the retreat in good order (Byrne, Memoirs, i. 167–8). After the battle of Vinegar Hill and the surrender of Wexford, Roche, seeing that further resistance was hopeless, determined to capitulate, and with this object went alone and unarmed to Wexford. On entering the town he was seized, dragged from his horse, and so kicked and buffeted that he is said to have been scarcely recognisable (ib. i. 204–5; Hay, Insurrection, p. 245). He was tried by court-martial, and hanged off Wexford bridge on 25 June 1798, along with Matthew Keugh [q. v.] and seven others, and his body thrown into the river (Taylor, Hist. p. 131). According to Gordon, who knew him personally, he was ‘a man of large stature and boisterous manners, not ill adapted to direct by influence the disorderly bands among whom he acted … but for a charge of cruelty against him I can find no foundation. On the contrary, I have heard, from indubitable authority, many instances of his active humanity … his behaviour in ​the rebellion has convinced me that he possessed a humane and generous heart, with an uncommon share of personal courage’ (Rebellion, pp. 148, 399). He displayed considerable military ability, and was probably the most formidable of all the rebel leaders.
R. D.