OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography/Iatinum

​IATINUM (Ἰάτινον), according to Ptolemy (ii. 8. § 15) the city of the Meldi, a people of Gallia Lugdunensis. It is supposed to be the same place as the Fixtuinum of the Table [Fixtuinum], and to be represented by the town of Meaux on the Marne. Walckenaer, who trusts more to the accuracy of the distances in the Table than we safely can do, says that the place Fixtuinum has not in the Table the usual mark which designates a capital town, and that the measures do not carry the position of Fixtuinum as far as Meaux, but only as far as Montbout. He conjectures that the word Fixtuinum may be a corruption of Fines Iatinorum, and accordingly must be a place on the boundary of the little community of the Meldi. This conjecture might be good, if the name of the people was Iatini, and not Meldi. [ G. L. ]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grimm, Samuel Hieronymus

​GRIMM, SAMUEL HIERONYMUS (1734–1794), water-colour painter, son of a miniature-painter, was born in 1734 at Burgdorf, near Berne in Switzerland. He came to London, and in 1769 was an exhibitor at the first exhibition of the Royal Academy, sending drawings of 'The Death of Priam' and 'The Feast of the Centaurs.' Grimm resided for some time in Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, and was a frequent exhibitor of drawings. In 1774 he exhibited two drawings of 'The Distribution of the Maundy in the Chapel Royal at Whitehall,' which were subsequently engraved by James Basire. Grimm's subjects were varied, but he was chiefly noted for his skill and accuracy as a topographical draughtsman. He was employed by Sir Richard Kaye to make drawings in Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, and other counties, and by Sir William Burrell to make drawings for his 'Sussex Collections.' Both of these large topographical collections are preserved in the department of manuscripts at the British Museum. In this line Grimm could hardly be excelled. His views of Cowdray House were published by the Society of Antiquaries in 'Vetusta Monumenta' He sometimes drew caricatures and humorous subjects, which were published by Carrington Bowles, and he occasionally practised etching himself. He died in Tavistock Street, Covent Garden, 14 April 1794, aged 60, and was buried in St. Paul's, Covent Garden. There are water-colour paintings by him in the print room at the British Museum and in the South Kensington Museum.
[Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Edwards's Anecdotes of Painters; Royal Academy Catalogues.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grimston, Elizabeth

​GRIMSTON or GRYMESTON, ELIZABETH (d. 1603), poetess, was the daughter of Martin Bernye of Gunton, Norfolk, and married Christopher, the youngest son of Thomas Grimston of Grimston, Yorkshire. Her married life appears to have been rendered miserable by the cruelty of her mother, whereby she became a chronic invalid. Reduced, as she described it, to the condition of 'a dead woman among the living,' she 'resolved to break the barren soil of her fruitless brain,' and devoted herself to the compilation of a moral guide-book for the benefit of her son Bernye Grymeston, the only survivor of her nine children. She died in 1603 before the publication of her work, which appeared under the title of 'Miscelanea : Meditations : Memoratives,' by Elizabeth Grymeston, London, 1604, 4to. The book is divided into fourteen so-called chapters, most of which are brief essays on religious topics. The eleventh chapter is headed 'Morning Meditation, with sixteen sobs of a sorrowful spirit, which she used for a mentall prayer, as also an addition of sixteen staves taken out of "Peter's Complaint" (Southwell's), which she usually played on the winde instrument,' and the twelfth is 'a Madrigall made by Bernye Grymestone upon the conceit of his mother's play to the former ditties.' The thirteenth chapter consists of 'Odes in imitation of the seven pœnitentiall psalms in seven severall kindes of verse.' The 'Memoratives' are a number of moral maxims, which, if not original, are at least pointed and well chosen. The dedication, addressed to the author's son, is a quaint ​piece of composition, containing good advice for moral guidance and on the choice of a wife; it is reprinted in W. C. Hazlitt's 'Prefaces, Dedications, and Epistles,' 1874. Two later and undated editions of the 'Miscelanea' were published, enlarged by the addition of six other short essays.
A. V.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grimaldi, William

​GRIMALDI, WILLIAM (1751–1830), miniature-painter, born in the parish of St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, on 26 Aug. 1751, was son of Alexander Grimaldi and Esther Barton his wife, and great-grandson of Alessandro Maria Grimaldi, the heir and representative of the noble Genoese family of Grimaldi, who settled in England after the bombardment of Genoa in 1684. Grimaldi was nephew of Thomas Worlidge [q. v.], to whom in 1764 he was bound apprentice for seven years. He remained with Mrs. Worlidge after his uncle's death, and assisted in the publication in 1768 of Worlidge's 'Antique Gems.' On completing his apprenticeship Grimaldi started life as a miniature-painter, practising exclusively in water-colours up to 1785, when he made some essays in enamel-painting. From 1777 to 1783 he was in Paris. He attracted the notice of Sir Joshua Reynolds, many of whose works, notably his 'Master Bunbury,' Grimaldi copied in miniature; Reynolds recommended him to many persons of distinction, including the Prince of Wales and the Duke of York. For the former he painted a miniature of Mrs. Fitzherbert, and for the latter a miniature of the duke, which was presented to the duchess on their marriage. In 1790 he was appointed enamel painter to the Duke of York, in 1791 to the Duchess of York, and in 1804 to the Prince of Wales. Grimaldi practised in the country as well as in London, but in 1825 settled at 16 Upper Ebury Street, Chelsea, where he died 27 May 1830, and was buried in Bunhill Fields cemetery. He married, 13 Nov. 1783, Frances, daughter of Louis Barker of Rochester, by whom he was father of Stacey Grimaldi, F.S.A. [q. v.] Grimaldi was a frequent exhibitor at the Royal Academy from 1786 to 1824. His miniatures are principally executed in water-colour. In 1873 the Rev. A. B. Grimaldi published 'A Catalogue, Chronological and Descriptive, of the Paintings, Drawings, and Engravings by and after William Grimaldi, R.A., Paris, Enamel-Painter Extraordinary to George IV.'
[Miscellaneous writings of Stacey Grimaldi, F.S.A.; Gent. Mag. 1830, i. 566; Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; information from the Rev. A. B. Grimaldi.]
L. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grimshawe, Thomas Shuttleworth

1904 Errata appended.
​GRIMSHAWE, THOMAS SHUTTLEWORTH (1778–1850), biographer, the son of John Grimshawe, solicitor, and five times mayor of Preston, was born at Preston in 1778. He entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 9 April 1794, and proceeded B.A. in 1798, and M.A. in 1800. He was vicar of Biddenham, Bedfordshire, from 1808 to 1850, and with this living he held the rectory of Burton Latimer, Northamptonshire, from 1809 to 1843. His first publication was 'The Christian's Faith and Practice,' &c. (Preston, 1813); followed by 'A Treatise on the Holy Spirit' (1815). In 1822 he wrote a pamphlet on 'The Wrongs of the Clergy of the Diocese of Peterborough,' which was noticed by Sydney Smith in the 'Edinburgh Review' (article 'Persecuting Bishops'). In 1825 he issued 'An Earnest Appeal to British Humanity in behalf of Indian Widows.' His 'Memoir of the Rev. Legh Richmond,' a religious biography, was first published in 1828, and it reached an eleventh edition by 1846. His best book is the 'Life and Works of William Cowper,' 8 vols. 1835, and several times subsequently republished, the last edition bearing the imprint 'Boston, U.S., 1853.' He published also a small volume of 'Lectures on the Future Restoration and Conversion of the Jews,' 1843, and several occasional sermons. He died on 17 Feb. 1850, and was buried in the chancel of Biddenham Church, where there is a monument to his memory. He married Charlotte Anne, daughter of George Livius of Caldwell Priory, Bedfordshire; and their son, Charles Livius Grimshawe, was high sheriff of that county in 1866.
[Notes and Queries, 2nd ser. xii. 86; Foster's Lane. Pedigrees; Foster's Alumni Oxonienses, ii. 571; Allibone's Dict. of Authors, i. 743; Brit. Mus. Cat.]
C. W. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.142 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 255 | ii | 17 f.e. | Grimshawe, Thomas S.: for Coldwell Priory read Caldwell Priory |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grimes, Robert

​GRIMES, ROBERT (d. 1701), colonel. [See Graham, Robert.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Godwin, Morgan

​GODWIN, MORGAN (fl. 1685), minister in Virginia, baptised at Bicknor, Gloucestershire, on 2 Dec. 1640, was the second son of Morgan Godwin, LL.D., rector of that place and canon of Hereford (d. 1645), by his wife Elizabeth, and the grandson of Francis Godwin, D.D., bishop of Hereford [q. v.] He became a commoner of Brasenose College, Oxford, in Midsummer term 1661, but proceeded B.A. on 16 March 1664 as a student of Christ Church (Wood, Fasti Oxon. ed. Bliss, ii. 277). Then, taking orders, he became a minister in Virginia, under the government of Sir William Berkeley [q. v.], and continued there ‘in good liking’ for several years. On his return home he became beneficed, says Wood, ‘near London, where he finished his course’ (Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iv. 180–1). He is author of: 1. ‘The Negro's and Indian's Advocate suing for their Admission into the Church; or a Persuasive to the instructing and baptising of the Negros and Indians in our Plantations; shewing that as the Compliance therewith can prejudice no Mans just Interest, so the wilful neglecting and opposing of it is no less than a manifest Apostacy from the Christian Faith. To which is added, A brief Account of Religion in Virginia,’ 4to, London, 1680. 2. ‘A Supplement to the Negro's and Indian's Advocate; or Some further Considerations and Proposals for the effectual and speedy carrying on of the Negro's Christianity in our Plantations … without any prejudice to their owners. By M. G., a Presbyter of the Church of England,’ 4to, London, 1681. 3. ‘Trade preferr'd before Religion, and Christ made to give place to Mammon; represented in a Sermon relating to the Plantations,’ 4to, London, 1685. It was first preached, according to Wood, at Westminster Abbey, and afterwards ‘in divers churches in London.’
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Godwin, Thomas (d.1642)

​GODWIN, THOMAS, D.D. (d. 1642), schoolmaster, was the second son of Anthony Godwin of Wookey in Somersetshire. After a grammar school education he entered Magdalen Hall, 0xford, in 1602, at the early age of fifteen. He proceeded to his degree of B.A. in 1606, and to that of M.A. in 1609. On leaving the university he was appointed chief master of Abingdon school in Berkshire, where he remained for several years. In 1616 he took his degree of B.D., and at this time, as well as some years previously, he is mentioned as chaplain to James Montague [q. v.], bishop of Bath and Wells. He then resigned his scholastic work,with which he was exhausted, and obtained from Dr. Montague the rectory of Brightwell in Berkshire. While at Brightwell he further proceeded to his degree of D.D. in 1606. Godwin died on 20 March 1642, and was buried within the chancel of his church, where a monument was erected to his memory by his wife, Philippa Teesdale.
His published works consist of: 1. 'Romanæ Historiæ Anthologia. An English Exposition of the Roman Antiquities, wherein many Roman and English Offices are parallelled, and diverse obscure Phrases explained,' Oxford, 1614, 4to. This work was published for the use of his school at Abingdon. The second edition appeared in 1623 with considerable additions. The sixteenth and last edition was printed at London in 1696. 2. 'Florilegium Phrasicon, or a Survey of the Latin Tongue.' The date of this work is unknown. 3. 'Synopsis Antiquitatum Hebraicarum ad explicationem utriusque Testamenti valde necessaria,' Oxford, 1616, 4to. Dedicated to James Montague, bishop of Bath and Wells, and dean of his majesty's chapel. 4. 'Moses and Aaron. Civil and Ecclesiastical Rites used by the ancient Hebrews observed, and at large opened for the clearing of many obscure Texts throughout the whole Scripture,' London, 1625, 4to. The twelfth edition of this work was published in 1685. It attracted the attention of several distinguished commentators, among whom may be mentioned Dr. David Jennings and the learned Hottinger. 5. 'Three Arguments to prove Election upon ​Foresight of Faith.’ This work while in manuscript fell into the hands of Dr. William Twiss of Newbury in Berkshire, who promptly challenged the writings of Godwin. A warm dispute ensued between the two, in which, according to Samuel Clarke, ‘Dr. Twiss promptly whipped the old schoolmaster.’
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 51; Wood's Fasti, i. 316, 334, 366, 398, 489, ii. 18, 57; Dodd's Church Hist.; Dr. Samuel Clarke's Lives of Eminent Persons; Jennings's Jewish Antiquities, &c.]
W. F. W. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Goffe, John

​GOFFE or GOUGH, JOHN, D.D. (1610?–1661), divine, was the son of Stephen Goffe or Gough, rector of Stanmer in Sussex, ‘a severe puritan.’ In 1624 he matriculated at Merton College, Oxford, and in 1627–8 was made a demy of St. Mary Magdalen College, when, Wood (Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 524) says, he was ‘aged 17 or more.’ In 1628 he obtained the degree of B.A., and in 1629 was made a probationary and in 1630 a perpetual fellow. In 1631 he proceeded M.A., and taking orders preached in the neighbourhood of the university. On 26 Aug. 1634 he was accused before Sir Unton Crooke, deputy-steward of the university, of having killed Joseph Boyse, a member of Magdalen College, but was acquitted (Wharton, Laud, p. 71). In 1642 he was presented to the living of Hackington or St. Stephen's, near Canterbury, from which he was ejected in the following year for refusing to take the covenant, and was thrown into the county prison at Canterbury. In 1652, by the influence of his brother, William Gough [q. v.], a regicide and one of Cromwell's House of Lords, he was inducted into the living of Norton, near Sittingbourne, Kent, which he held till 1660, when he was again legally preferred to this, and restored to the vicarage of Hackington, and in the same year took the degree of D.D. His name appears among the clergy who attended convocation in 1661, and on 20 Nov. of this year he died, and six days later was buried in the chancel of St. Alphege's Church, Canterbury. Wood describes him as having been a ‘zealous son of the church of England;’ he was certainly an able scholar and a thoughtful writer. His only known works are: 1. The Latin preface to Simson's ‘Chronicum Catholicum,’ 1652. 2. ‘Ecclesiæ Anglicanæ ΘΡΗΝΩΔΙ′A, in qua perturbatissimus Regni & Ecclesiæ Status sub Anabaptistica Tyrannide lugetur,’ London, 1661.
[Wood's Athenæ Oxon. ed. Bliss, iii. 524; Hasted's Kent, ed. 1790, ii. 745, iii. 601; Horsfield's Lewes, ii. 219; Walker's Sufferings, pt. ii. p. 252; Bloxam's Reg. Magd. Coll. ii. cxxiii, iii. 163; Watt's Bibl. Brit.]
A. C. B.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Godwin, William (1803-1832)

​GODWIN, WILLIAM, the younger (1803–1832), reporter, only son of William Godwin the elder, by his second wife, was born 28 March 1803. He was sent as a day boy to the Charterhouse at the age of eight; then (1814) to the school of the younger Dr. Burney at Greenwich; in 1818 to a commercial school at Woodford, Essex; and in 1819 to a mathematical school under Peter Nicholson. In 1820 his father tried to introduce him into Maudslay's engineering establishment at Lambeth, and afterwards to apprentice him to Nash the architect. The boy was wayward and restless, but in 1823 surprised his father by producing some literary essays, which were printed in the 'Weekly Examiner;' and in the same year became reporter to the 'Morning Chronicle,' a position which he retained till his death. He wrote occasional articles, one of which, 'The Executioner,' was published in 'Blackwood's Magazine,' and he founded a weekly Shakespeare club called 'The Mulberries.' He died of cholera 8 Sept. 1832, leaving a widow but no children. He left a novel, 'Transfusion,' somewhat in the vein of his father's 'Caleb Williams.' It was published in 3 vols. in 1835, with a memoir prefixed by his father.
L. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brugis, Thomas

​BRUGIS, THOMAS (fl. 1640?), surgeon, was born probably between 1610 and 1620, since he practised for seven years as a surgeon during the civil wars. He does not record upon which side he served. He obtained the degree of doctor of physic, though from what university does not appear, and settled at Rickmansworth, Hertfordshire, where he describes himself as curing '(by God's help) all sorts of agues in young and old, and all manner of old sores that are curable by art.'
Brugis wrote 'The Marrow of Physicke,' London, 1640, 4to ; and 'Vade Mecum, or a Companion for a Chirurgion,' of which the first edition appeared, London, 1651 , 12mo, and the seventh 1689, in the same size. The popularity of this little book shows that it must have been useful, but there is nothing original in this or in the earlier work. Perhaps the only notable thing in the 'Vade ​Mecum' is a small contribution to forensic medicine, in the shape of rules for the reports which a surgeon might have to make before a coroner's inquest. Even this is partly taken from Ambroise Paré; but we know of nothing like it in any earlier English book.
[Bregis's Works.]
J. F. P.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Brundish, John Jelliand

1904 Errata appended.
​BRUNDISH, JOHN JELLIAND (d. 1786), poetical writer was son of the Rev. John Brundish of Bury St. Edmunds, Suffolk. He was educated at Caius College Cambridge and was senior wrangler senior classical medallist and first Smith's prizeman in 1773. Only three other individuals ever obtained all the highest honours in the same year namely, Kaye, of Christ's, in 1804; Alderson, of Caius in 1809; and Smith, of Trinity, in 1836. Brundish took holy orders, but remained in college and proceeded to the degree of M.A. in 1776. He died in college in February 1786. He is the author of 'An Elegy on a Family Tomb,' Cambridge, 1783, 4to, accompanied by an Italian metrical version by a friend of the author. The original English is reprinted in the 'European Magazine' for January 1786, p 49.
[New Monthly Mag. July 1817, pp. 522, 523; Cantabrigienses Graduati (1787), 59; Cat. of Printed Books in Brit. Mus. under Elegy MS. Addit. 19166, f. 205; European Mag. ix. 49, 210*.]
T. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.40 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 142 | ii | 18 f.e. | Brundish, John J.: for three read two |
| | | 15-14 f.e. | omit and Smith . . . 1836 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bruerne, Richard

​BRUERNE, RICHARD (1519?–1565), professor of Hebrew, fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford, and of Eton, received the degree of B.D. in 1547, and the next year was appointed professor of Hebrew in the university of Oxford. While holding this office he was one of the witnesses on behalf of Bishop Gardiner in 1551, being then about thirty-two years of age (Foxe), and was present at the disputation held with Cranmer at Oxford in 1554 (Strype). In 1553 he received the canonry at Christ Church formerly held by Peter Martyr. His learning is celebrated by Leland, who, in his ‘Cygnea Cantio,’ 1. 633, calls him ‘Hebræi radius chori,’ and Bishop Cox, though one of the party opposed to him, says in a letter to Peter Martyr, ‘Richard Bruerne, an excellent Hebraist, is in possession of your prebend’ (Zurich Letters). In May 1557 he was installed canon of Windsor. During 1556 his Hebrew lectures were taken by Peter de Soto, and others appear to have lectured in his place during the next two years. This may have been simply because he was engaged elsewhere (Wood). On the other hand, the cessation of his lectures may have been enforced on account of his misconduct. He is said to have been guilty of gross immorality, and consequently to have been obliged to resign his professorship some time before March 1559, the date of a letter in which Jewel tells Martyr of his resignation and its cause (Jewel, Works). Nevertheless, the fellows of Eton, acting without the consent of the queen, elected him as provost on 25 July 1561, granting him at the same time the usual leave of absence. The independence of their action and the unfitness of their choice roused much indignation, and Bishop Grindal wrote to Cecil that ‘suche a sorte of hedge priestes’ should not be allowed to act in despite of the royal prerogative (State Papers, Eliz. Domestic, xix. 18, 30; Lyte). Archbishop Parker was accordingly directed to hold a visitation of the college, and to inquire into the election of the provost, ‘of whom there is disperst very evil fame.’ The visitation was held on 9 Sept., and though Bruerne at first objected to the commission, alleging that it had expired, he finally resigned the provostship, receiving 10l. from the funds of the college to make up for his disappointment (Lyte). The next year he supplicated for the degree of D.D. at Oxford, but was refused. He died in April 1565, and was buried in St. George's Chapel, Windsor. At the time of his death he was ‘receiver’ of Christ Church, and Dr. Sampson, the dean, told Parker that he left a large sum of money to be accounted for (Parker Correspondence).
W. H.