OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Joachimites

JOACHIMITES, a denomination which appeared about the commencement of the thirteenth century ; so called from Joachim, abbot of Sora, in Calabria. He foretold the destruction of the church of Rome, and the promulgation of a new and more perfect gospel, in the age of the Holy Ghost, by a number of poor and austere ministers, whom God was to raise up and employ for that purpose. For he divided the world into three ages, relative to the three dispensations of religion which were to succeed each other. The two imperfect ages, viz. the age of the old testament, which was that of the Father, and the age of the new, which was under the administration of the Son, were, according to his doctrine, now passed ; and the third age, even that of the Holy Ghost, was near at hand.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Mosheim, vol. iii. p. 66.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Judaizing Christians

JUDAIZING CHRISTIANS. The rise of this denomination is placed under the reign of Adrian. For when this emperour had razed Jerusalem to its foundations, and enacted severe laws against the whole body of the Jews, the greatest part of the christians, who lived in Palestine, to prevent their being confounded with them, abandoned the Mosaic rites, and chose a bishop, named Mark, a foreigner by nation, and an alien from the commonwealth of Israel. Those who were strongly attached to the Mosaic rites separated from their brethren, and founded at Pera, (a country of Palestine,) and in the neighbouring parts, particular assemblies, in which the law of Moses maintained its primitive dignity and authority.
There were, however, in the apostolic age judaizing christians, which set Christ and Moses upon an equal footing of authority ; these were afterwards divided into two sects, widely different both in their rites and opinions, and distinguished by the names of Nuzarene and Ebionites which see.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Keithians

KEITHIANS, a party that separated from the quakers, in Pennsylvania, in the year 1691. They were headed by the famous George Keith, from whom they derived their name. Those who persisted in their separation, after their leader deserted them and returned to England, practised baptism, received the Lord's supper, and kept the seventh day sabbath, whence they were called Quaker-Baptists, and Sabbatarians: but they retained the language, dress, and manners of the Quakers.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Edward's Hist. of American Baptists, p. 55-60
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Knights

*KNIGHTS: three orders of knighthood were instituted in the twelfth century for the defence of christianity, and for the annoyance of infidels.. The Knights of St. John of Jerusalem were designed to relieve and assist the vast number of pilgrims who visited Jerusalem and the holy land. [2]. The templars (so called from a palace adjoining Jerusalem) were purely a military order, who were to guard the roads and protect the christians from the Mahometans. [3]. The teutonic Knights of St. Mary chiefly devoted their service to the care of the soldiers wounded in the holy wars. The two latter orders have been long extinct; but the former found an asylum in the Isle of Malta

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Mosheim, vol. iii. p. 18—20. N. Ed.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Johnsonians

JOHNSONIANS, the followers of Mr. John Johnson, many years a baptist minister at Liverpool, of whom there are still several congregations in different parts of England. The following positions are extracted from Mr. Johnson's writings: I. That true Faith is not "a duty which God requires of man ;" but a grace of "so different a nature, that it is not possible to be made a duty ; or possible to be made a duty ; or [nor] possible to be required of any created being." Consequently faith is not, in his view, a requirement of the law of God, nor does the law "require any thing properly relating to eternal salvation ;" nor it that unbelief, which is the reverse of this, (or the want of faith), a sin, but a "vacuity", or mere "non-entity".
II. That faith, though "an active principle," is not an act, or "action", or "work" of the soul of man, but "the operation of God;" whence it would seem to follow, that it is not the soul which believes, but this principle of grace within him.
III. That the holiness of the first man, Adam, was inferiour to that of the angels, much more to that of the saints who are raised above the angels; that the first man being "earthy," not only in his body, but his whole person, his holiness could be : only such a resemblance of, and nearness to Gas, as an earthy nature was capable of."
IV. That gospel ministers are not to preach the law, neither "moral duties ;" nor "to exhort persons to faith, repentance, love, holiness, etc." which blessings proceed alone from the grace of God ; nor "to caution and warn them against sinful practices, to teach and instruct them in the regulation of their lives, &c. Our commission (says Mr. J.) is not to preach the law but the gospel."
V. That "the blessings of spiritual grace and eternal life, being secured in Christ prior to the fall, were never lost," and consequently, could not be "restored." Adoption not rising out of salvation, but, on the contrary, salvation from adoption, as being included in it. "So that," says Mr. J. "I cannot conceive any reason, according to the original constitution of things, why grace and glory might not have taken place upon God's elect, according to his everlasting love in adoption, supposing sin or salvation never [had] a being." According to the account by the anonymous correspondent of Mr. Evans,, Mr. Johnson's followers reject the
TEXT MISSING

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Faith of God's elect. p. 10
* ↑ Ib. p. 26.
* ↑ Ib. p. 55
* ↑ Ib. p. 40
* ↑ Ib. p.44, 69.
* ↑ Ib. p. 259
* ↑ Ib. p. 255.
* ↑ Ib, p. 257, 259
* ↑ Ib. p. 89, 90.
* ↑ above account was given to Mr. Evans by a preacher among the Johnsonians
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Kilhamites

*KILHAMITES; thus the Methodists of the new connexion are sometimes called, from Mr. Alex. Kilham, who was a distinguished preacher among them, and acted as secretary to the society. See Methodists.
# A Dictionary of All Religions and Religious Denominations/Karaites

KARAITES, or CARAITES. This name denotes a scripturist, and is given to a Jewish sect which adhered to the literal sense of the old testament, and considered the scriptures as the whole and only rule of their faith and practice. This denomination was given them about thirty years before Christ, when, upon the dissension betwixt Hillel, the president of the Sanhedrim, and Shammai, the vice president, by which their respective pupils were divided into two parties, betwixt whom there were perpetual contests; those that were of the opinion of the Karaites, sided with the school of Shammai, and those who were zealous for traditions, with that of Hillel. According to Dr. Prideaux, they did not absolutely reject traditions, but only refused them the same authority with the written oracles of God. They were distinguished from the Sadducees, by maintaining the doctrines of the immortality of the soul, and future rewards and punishments. A considerable number of this sect is still found in Turkey, and other parts of the East.
A colony of Karaite jews reside in a fortress in the Crimea, and enjoy the free exercise of their ancient customs and religious rites. They pretend to have the text of the old testament in its most genuine state, and deem it an act of piety to copy the bible, or pious commentaries upon the text once in their lives. Their character is said to be directly opposite to that which is generally attributed to their brethren, being altogether without reproach. They pay great attention to the education of their children, who are taught publicly in the synagogues. Almost all of them are engaged in trade or manufactures.

## Original footnotes

* ↑ Calmet's Dict. in Caraite, chap, xvi, xvii. Prideaux's Conn. vol. ii. p. 388. Jenning's Lectures. Clarke's Travels, vol. ii. p. 348.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Progression

From volume 3 of the work.
[ C. H. H. P. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Prolation

From volume 3 of the work.
​PROLATION (Lat. Prolatio; Ital. Prolazione). A subdivision of the rhythmic system, which, in Mediæval Music, governed the proportionate duration of the Semibreve and the Minim.
Prolation was of two kinds, the Greater, and the Lesser—called by early English writers, the More, and the Lesse, and by Italians, Prolazione Perfetta, and Imperfetta. In the former—usually indicated by a Circle, or Semicircle, with a Point of Perfection in its centre—the Semibreve was equal to three Minims. In the latter—distinguished by the same signs, without the Point it was equal to two. [See Point.] The signs, however, varied greatly at different periods. In the latter half of the 16th century, for instance, the Circle was constantly either used in connection with, or replaced by, the figure 3, to which circumstance we owe the presence of that figure in our own Time-Signatures, the Time now known as 3-2 being, in fact, the exact modern equivalent of the Greater Prolation, and that commonly called Alla Breve, , of the Lesser.
[ W. S. R. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Prometheus

From volume 3 of the work.
​PROMETHEUS. Beethoven's only Ballet (op. 43); designed by Salvatore Vigano; composed in 1800, and produced, for Mlle. Casentini's benefit, March 28, 1801, in the Burg-theater, Vienna, under the title of 'Die Geschöpfe des Prometheus.' It contains an overture, an 'Introduction,' and 16 numbers. The title of the first edition, an arrangement for the piano (Vienna, 1801, numbered in error op. 24), is 'Gli Uomini Prometeo'; English edition, 'The men of Prometheus.' If Boyle—who under the name of Bombet wrote the famous letters on Haydn—may be trusted, the representation of Chaos from the 'Creation' was interpolated by Vigano into Beethoven's Ballet at Milan, to express 'the first dawn of sentiment in the mind of beauty' (whatever that may mean).
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Proch, Heinrich

From volume 3 of the work.
[ F. G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Prophète, Le

From volume 3 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Prodigal Son, The

From volume 3 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Promenade Concerts

From volume 3 of the work.
[ W. H. H. ]
# A Room with a View

A ROOM WITH A VIEW
A ROOM WITH A VIEW
BY
E. M. FORSTER
AUTHOR OF "THE LONGEST JOURNEY," "WHERE ANGELS FEAR TO TREAD "
LONDON EDWARD ARNOLD 1908
[All rights reserved]
To H. O. M.
CONTENTS
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1970, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 53 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism/Volume 1/Plates

PLATES.
Vol. I.
FIG. I.
Art. 118.
FIG. II.
Art. 119.
FIG III.
Art. 120.
FIG IV.
Art. 121.
Fig. V.
Art. 143.
Lines of Force and Equipotential Surfaces in a diametral section of a spherical Surface in which the superficial density is a harmonic of the first degree.
Fig. VI.
Art. 143.
Spherical Harmonic of the third degree.
i = 3. s = 1.
Fig. VII.
Art. 143.
Spherical Harmonic of the third degree. i = 3.
Fig. VIII.
Art. 143.
Spherical Harmonic of the fourth degree. i = 4s = 2
Fig. IX.
Art. 143.
Spherical Harmonic of the fourth degree.
Fig. X.
Art. 192.
Confocal Ellipses and Hyperbolas.
Fig. XI.
Art. 193.
Lines of Force near the edge of a Plate.
​Clerk Maxwell's Electricity. Vol I.
Fig. XII.
Art. 202.
Lines of Force between two Plates.
For the Delegates of the Clarendon Press.
Fig. xiii. Art. 203.
Lines of Force near a Grating.
For the Delegates of the Clarendon Press.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Prevost, James Charles

Layout 4
​PREVOST. (Commander, 1844.)
James Charles Prevost is the only son of Rear-Admiral Prevost by his first marriage. This officer passed his examination in 1829; and obtained his commission 10 Dec. 1835. His succeeding appointments were – 30 Dec. 1835, as Additional Lieutenant, to the Caledonia 120, flagship of Sir Josias Rowley in the Mediterranean – 30 May, 1836, to the Pembroke 74, Capts. Sir Thos. Fellowes and Fairfax Moresby, employed on the Lisbon and Mediterranean stations – 20 April, 1840, as Senior (shortly after the latter ship had been paid off) to the Victor 16, Capts. Wm. Dawson and Chas. Cooke Otway, attached to the force in North America and the West Indies – and, 9 Dec. 1842, to the St. Vincent 120, bearing the flag at Portsmouth of Sir Chas. Rowley, to whom he became Flag-Lieutenant 1 Dec. 1843. He was advanced to his present rank 22 Oct. 1844; and, since 4 April, 1845, has been employed as Second Captain of the Vernon 50, bearing the flag of Rear-Admiral Sam. Hood Inglefield on the S.E. coast of America and in the East Indies.
He married, 18 Oct. 1842, Ellen Mary, eldest daughter of Capt. Fairfax Moresby, R.N., C.B. Agents – Hallett and Robinson.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Price, Francis Swaine

Layout 4
​PRICE. (Retired Commander, 1839. f-p., 14; h-p., 40.)
Francis Swaine Price was born 5 July, 1785. This officer entered the Navy, in Feb. 1793, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Childers sloop, Capt. Robt. Barlow, stationed in the Channel. In Jan. 1795 he removed to the Magnanime of 48 guns, Capts. Schomberg and Hon. Michael de Courcy, employed on the coast of Ireland; and he next, from July, 1797, to June, 1802, served in the Channel and among the Western Islands in the Boadicea 38, Capts. Rich. Goodwin Keats and Chas. Rowley. During that period he was twice wounded – once in an attack made by Rear-Admiral Chas. Morice Pole on a Spanish squadron in Aix Roads, 2 July, 1799, and again at the cutting out of a Spanish packet and gun-boat from the harbour of Corunna. In Sept. 1802 and Nov. 1803 we find him successively joining the Aggressor gun-brig, Lieut.-Commanders Thos. Thompson and Geo. Hayes, and, as Master’s Mate, the Téméraire 98, Capt. Elias Harvey, under whom he was again wounded in the action off Cape Trafalgar 21 Oct. 1805. In consideration of his sufferings he was voted by the Patriotic Society the sum of 30l He obtained his commission 30 Jan. 1806, and from the following May until July, 1807, was employed in the Channel and North Sea on board the Namur 74, Capt. Lawrence Wm. Halsted. The latter was his last appointment. He accepted his present rank 6 April, 1839.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Price, John Adolphus Pope

Layout 4
​PRICE. (Lieutenant, 1842.)
John Adolphus Pope Price entered the Navy 24 Dec. 1830; passed his examination 6 May, 1835; and at the period of his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant, 18 Oct. 1842, had been serving as Mate in the Mediterranean on board the Thunderer 84, Capt. Daniel Pring. His next appointment was, 13 March, 1843, to the Hecla steam-sloop of 240 horse-power, Capts. John Duffill and Chas. Starmer, under whom he was again employed in the Mediterranean until nominated, 1 July, 1847, Flag-Lieutenant in the Ceylon to Sir Lucius Curtis, Admiral-Superintendent at Malta.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Price, Hugh

Layout 4
​PRICE. (Lieutenant, 1815. f-p., 9; h-p., 31.)
Hugh Price entered the Navy, 28 Feb. 1807, as a Supernumerary, on board the Northumberland 74, Capt, Nathaniel Day Cochrane, bearing the flag of Hon. Sir Alex, Cochrane, Commander-in-Chief in the West Indies, where, from the following March until April, 1810, he served under the orders of Capt. John Ellis Watt, part of the time as Midshipman, in the Heureux, Hart, Julia, Heureux again, and Forester. He then returned to England with convoy in the Blonde frigate, Capt. Thos. Huskisson; and in Jan. 1811, after having been for six months borne at Woolwich on the books of the Thisbe 28, Capt. Wm. Rogers, and Safeguard, Lieut.-Commander Geo. Augustus Hire, was received on board the Crescent frigate, Capt. John Quilliam, attached to the force in the Baltic. He served next at Halifax, from April, 1813, to Oct. 1815, in the Bold 14, Capt. John Skekel, Narcissus 32, Capts. John Rich. Lumley, Jas. Galloway, and Alex. Gordon, and Centurion, Lieut.-Commander Rich. Stuart. The Bold was wrecked in the Gulf of St. Lawrence 27 Sept. 1813. Having been advanced to the rank of Lieutenant by a commission bearing date 28 Feb. 1815, Mr. Price, at the close of that year, returned to England in the Canso 10, Lieut.-Commander Crooke. He has since been on half-pay. He is married and has issue.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Prevost, Lewis de Teissier

Layout 4
​PREVOST. (Commander, 1845. f-p., 17; h-p., 2.)
Lewis de Teissier Prevost, born 27 Dec. 1814, in Wigmore Street, Cavendish Square, is the eldest son of Rear-Admiral Prevost by his second marriage.
This officer entered the Royal Naval College 8 Feb.1828; and embarked in Nov. 1829, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Druid 46, Capts. Gawen Wm. Hamilton and Sam. Roberts, with whom he served on the South American and Lisbon stations, the greater part of the time as Midshipman, until paid off in June, 1833. In the following Aug. he joined the Revenge 78, Capt. Donald Hugh Mackay, also attached to the force off Lisbon; and in the spring of 1834, having passed his examination, he became Mate of the Gannet 16, Capt. John Balfour Maxwell, in the West Indies. Returning thence in June, 1835, he was next, between Feb. 1836 and the date of his promotion to the rank of Lieutenant 23 Nov. 1841, employed on the Mediterranean and Home stations in the Favourite 18, Capt. Geo. Rodney Mundy, Inconstant 36, Capt. Dan. Pring, Magicienne 24, Capt. Fred. Thos. Michell, and Revenge 76, Capt. Hon. Wm. Waldegrave. In the Favorite he served in 1836 on the south coast of Spain; and in the Magicienne be participated in the operations of 1840 on the coast of Syria. His appointments, in the capacity of Lieutenant, were – 30 Nov. 1841, to the Vernon 50, Capt. Wm. Walpole, fitting for the Mediterranean – in 1844, on his return to England, to the command of a station in the Coast Guard – and, 12 and 24 Sept. 1844, to the Waterwitch and Pantaloon sloops, Capts. Thos. Fras. Birch and Edm. Wilson. For the gallant manner in which, in the boats of the latter vessel (of which he was at the time Senior), he boarded and carried a slaver on the coast of Africa, he was promoted to the rank he now holds 30 Aug. 1845. He has since been on half-pay.
Commander Prevost married, at Malta, 10 Jan. 1844, Miss E. Handy, of the co. Westmeath.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Price, Charles Henry

Layout 4
​PRICE. (Lieutenant, 1824.)
Charles Henry Price is brother of Retired Commander Hervey Price.
This officer entered the Navy 7 Nov. 1810, on board the Sabine sloop, commanded by his brother, Capt. Geo. Price, under whom he served for some time on the Cadiz station. Towards the close of the war we find him employed in the Baltic in the Persian 18, Capt. Chas. Bertram, and on the Dutch coast in the Amphion 32, Capt. Jas. Pattison Stewart; and, at the commencement of the peace, stationed in the Nimrod 18, Capt. John Macpherson Ferguson, on the Scottish coast, and in the Sophie sloop, Capt. Sir Wm. Saltonstall Wiseman, at St. Helena, for the detention of Buonaparte. In the two ships last mentioned he held the rating of Master’s Mate. He was afterwards for five years employed in the West Indies as Mate and Acting- Lieutenant in the Sophie, Tamar, and Serapis – the latter commanded by Capt. Geo. Vernon Jackson. On 6 Dec. 1824 he was advanced to the rank of Lieutenant. He exchanged about the same period into the Primrose 18, Capt. John Stoddart; and in June, 1825, returned to England as First of the Bustard, with a constitution much impaired from the effects of yellow fever. He has since been on half-pay.
In 1827 Lieut. Price was presented with the freedom of the city of Hereford. He married, 18 Sept. 1838, Mary, second daughter of the late Rev. Chas. Taylor, D.D., Chancellor of the diocese of Hereford, by whom he has issue one daughter.
# A Naval Biographical Dictionary/Price, John

Layout 4
​PRICE. (Lieutenant, 1836.)
John Price, born 5 April, 1802, is son of Joseph Price, Esq., a Magistrate and Deputy-Lieutenant for co. Monmouth.
This officer entered the Navy, 11 Jan. 1815, as Fst.-cl. Vol., on board the Cornwallis 74, Capt. John Bayley, bearing the flag of Sir Geo. Burlton in the East Indies, where he continued employed with the same officer in the Wellesley 74, with Capt. John Clavell in the Orlando 36, and with Capt. Fras. Augustus Collier in the Liverpool 50, and Ganges 84. In the Liverpool, in 1819, he accompanied an expedition sent against the pirates of the Persian Gulf, and assisted at the bombardment and destruction of Ras-el-Khyma, their principal stronghold. After a servitude of four years in the Mediterranean on board the Tribune 42, Capt. Gardiner Henry Guion, and Weazle 10 and Medina 20, both commanded by Capt. Timothy Curtis, he was promoted, 25 Nov. 1826, to the rank of Lieutenant. His subsequent appointments were to the Parthian 10, Capt. Hon. Geo. Fred. Hotham, also in the Mediterranean, whence he invalided in Feb. 1828 – 9 June, 1830, to the Wolf 18, Capt. Wm. Hamley, fitting for the East Indies – and 8 May, 1837, and 22 June, 1838, to the Scout 18 and Parthian 18, Capts. Robt. Craigie and Wm. Langford Castle, both on the coast of Africa. In 1832 he commanded the boats of the Wolf at the capture of the fort of Quedah, on the coast of Malacca. On 4 April in the same year he was dismissed the Navy by sentence of court-martial; but on 27 May, 1836, he was restored by Order in Council. In the boats of the Scout he made prize of three vessels, carrying between them 1346 slaves; and in those of the Pylades he took one with 235 negroes on board. For the gallant conduct he displayed Mr. Price had the satisfaction of receiving a letter of thanks from Rear-Admiral Patrick Campbell, the Commander-in-Chief, and another from the Secretary of the Admiralty. He has been on half-pay since the commencement of 1839.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Baillie, Robert

​Baillie, Robert (1599-1662).—Historical writer, s. of B. of Jerviston, ed. at Glasgow, he entered the Church of Scotland and became minister of Kilwinning in Ayrshire. His abilities soon made him a leading man. He was a member of the historic Assembly of 1638, when Presbyterianism was re-established in Scotland, and also of the Westminster Assembly, 1643. In 1651 he was made Professor of Divinity in Glasgow, and 10 years later Principal. His Letters and Journals, edited for the Bannatyne Club by D. Laing (q.v.), are of the greatest value for the interesting light they throw on a period of great importance in Scottish history. He was one of the wisest and most temperate churchmen of his time.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Bain, Alexander

​Bain, Alexander (1818-1903).—Philosopher, b. at Aberdeen, and graduated at Marischal Coll. there, became in 1860 Professor of Logic in his university, and wrote a number of works on philosophy and psychology, including The Senses and the Intellect ​(1855), The Emotions and the Will, Mental and Moral Science (1868), Logic (1870), and Education as a Science (1879). In 1881 he was elected Lord Rector of Aberdeen University.
# A Short Biographical Dictionary of English Literature/Ballantine, James

​Ballantine, James (1808-1877).—Artist and author, b. in Edinburgh, began life as a house painter. He studied art, and became one of the first to revive the art of glass-painting, on which subject he wrote a treatise. He was the author of The Gaberlunzie's Wallet (1843), Miller of Deanhaugh (1845), Poems (1856), 100 Songs with Music (1865), and a Life of David Roberts, R.A. (1866).