OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dr. Esperanto's International Language (1889)/El la Biblio

El la Bibli'o.
Je la komenc'o Di'o kre'is la ter'o'n kaj la ĉiel'o'n. Kaj la ter'o est'is sen'form'a kaj dezert'a, kaj ​mal'lum'o est'is super la profund'aĵ'o, kaj la anim'o de Di'o si'n port'is super la akv'o. Kaj Di'o dir'is: est'u lum'o, kaj far'iĝ'is lum'o. Kaj Di'o vid'is la lum'o'n ke ĝi est'as bon'a, kaj nom'is Di'o la lum'o'n tag'o, kaj la mal'lum'o'n Li nom'is nokt'o. Kaj est'is vesper'o, kaj est'is maten'o,—unu tag'o. Kaj Di'o dir'is: est'u firm'aĵ'o inter la akv'o, kaj ĝi apart'ig'u akv'o'n de akv'o. Kaj Di'o kre'is la firm'aĵ'o'n kaj apart'ig'is la akv'o'n, kiu est'as sub la firm'aĵ'o, de la akv'o kiu est'as super la firm'aĵ'o; kaj far'iĝ'is tiel. Kaj Di'o nom'is la firm'aĵ'o'n ĉiel'o. Kaj est'is vesper'o, kaj est'is maten'o—la du'a tag'o. Kaj Di'o dir'is: kolekt'u si'n la akv'o de sub la ĉiel'o unu lok'o'n, kaj montr'u si'n sek'aĵ'o; kaj far'iĝ'is tiel. Kaj Di'o nom'is la sek'aĵ'o'n ter'o, kaj la kolekt'o'j'n de la akv'o Li nom'is mar'o'j.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Nonsuch

Edition of 1802.
​Nonsuch. See Trefoil Medick.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Nux Vomica

Edition of 1802.
​NUX VOMICA, a flat, compressed, round fruit, about an inch in diameter, of a greyish-brown colour, of a horny consistence; and the surface of which is somewhat wrinkled. It is the produce of a tree growing in the East Indies; possesses a bitter taste; and has been found a certain poison for dogs, cats, fish, &c. Nevertheless, this highly deleterious fruit has lately been employed on the Continent, as a medicine of great efficacy, in spasmodic affections of the bowels, especially in the contagious dysentery, as well as in obstinate quartan agues, &c. But, as its administration can be directed only by professional men, we forbear to mention the proper doses, and shall only observe, that the London brewers have frequently been suspected of adulterating their ale and porter with this narcotic drug, in order to render them more intoxicating; though such charge has, to our knowledge, never been proved in a court of justice.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Nitre

Edition of 1802.
​NITRE, or Salt-petre, is a species of salt, which, in Persia and the East Indies, is extracted from certain native earths. It is likewise artificially produced in several parts of Germany, Hungary, and especially in France; either from the rubbish of old clay-walls and ceilings, or from animal and vegetable matters suffered to undergo putrefaction, which is promoted by the addition of ashes and of lime; when the whole is exposed for a considerable time to the access of the air, in a direction from north to south.
Nitre is of a sharp, bitterish, penetrating taste, followed by a sensation of coldness. When pure, it dissolves in about six times its weight of water, and, on evaporating the latter, concretes into transparent crystals. It easily melts in the fire; where it deflagrates with a bright flame, accompanied with a crackling noise, and afterwards deposits a large portion of alkaline earth.
Salt-petre is of great utility both in the arts and in medicine. Its spirit, known under the name of Aqua-fortis, is extensively employed both in dyeing, and in refining, as well as for other purposes, the principal of which we have already stated.
Purified nitre is prescribed with advantage in numerous disorders: it is usually given in doses of from two or three grains to a scruple; being a very cooling and resolvent medicine, which, by relaxing the ​spasmodic rigidity of the vessels, promotes not only the secretion of urine, but at the same time insensible perspiration, in febrile disorders; while it allays thirst, and abates heat; though in malignant cases, in which the pulse is low, and the patient's strength exhausted, it produces contrary effects.
When combined with the Peruvian bark, nitre affords an useful corrective to that drug in the cure of spreading gangrenes; as it prevents the additional heat which the bark frequently occasions: so that the efficacy of the latter is increased by the antiseptic quality of the former. But this cooling salt should never be administered in cases where the violence of the fever depends on bilious or putrid impurities in the abdomen; and where the patient is subject to hemorrhages or fluxes of blood, arising from a vitiated state of the fluids. On the contrary, salt-petre will be most beneficially used in acute rheumatisms, inflammatory fevers, and even in those hemorrhages arising from congestions of the blood in general, or from a plethoric state.
With respect to the antiseptic properties of nitre, in domestic economy, we refer to the articles Beef; Butter (vol. i. p. 405); Pickling; and Pork.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Nostrils

Edition of 1802.
​NOSTRILS, are two apertures or cavities of the nose, through which the air passes, and which serve to convey odours, and to carry off the pituitous matter separated in the sinus of the base of the cranium. These apertures are divided from each other by a cartilage: they are lined with a very sensible membrane, and answer the conjoint purposes of smelling, respiration, and speech.
The nostrils are, in some individuals, preternaturally closed, either in consequence of various kinds of sores; or from injudicious treatment during the small-pox; though this defect has sometimes been observed in new-born children.—From whatever cause it may originate, relief can be obtained only by a chirurgicai operation: and, on discovering the nostril, by ​enlarging the incision with a furrowed probe. The apertures must next be dressed, and keprt of a proper size, by introducing dossils of lint, which ought to be frequently changed.
As the delicate membrane which lines the nostrils, is the common integument of the mouth, and other interior vessels, it will be readily conceived, that its exposure to sudden changes of temperature, must be productive of injurious consequences. Hence the necessity of guarding against cold, when hastily leaving the fire-side for encountering the frosty air of winter, or returning from the latter to a heated room. Although the frequent colds and catarrhs are generally considered as trivial, and too often neglected, yet we are persuaded, that by far the greater number of consumptive and asthmatic sufferers date the period of their declining health from such inattention. We therefore recommend to those who are yet susceptible of advice, previously to exposing themselves to a damp, cold, or sharp air, to spend a few minutes in a cool, temperate room, or to apply a handkerchief to the mouth, when suddenly coming in contact with the external air, till they become gradually accustomed to its stimulus. Thus, we doubt not, many complaints of serious consequences, might be easily prevented.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Nymph

Edition of 1802.
​Nymph (in Botany) See Chrysalis.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Nits

Edition of 1802.
​Nits (in Horses). See Stavesacre.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Nose

Edition of 1802.
​NOSE, in anatomy, the external organ of smelling, or that part which projects from the middle of the human face.
The nose is subject to various affections, such as ulcers, luxations, fractures, &c. the treatment of which is foreign to our purpose: and, as we have already discussed the subject of hemorrhages, under the article Bleeding, we refer the reader to p. 283 of our first volume.
If the nose of an infant be obstructed with any gross matter, so as to impede respiration, or to prevent him from sucking or swallowing, it will be advisable, every evening to anoint the part with a little sweet-oil, or fresh butter. By this simple application, the gross particles will in most instances be dissolved, and the faculty of breathing speedily restored.—Should, however, the obstructions continue after the repeated use of this remedy, it will be necessary first to administer one or two gentle laxatives; such as a tea-spoonful of castor-oil, or a grain of rhubarb; after which the nose is to be frequently bathed with a linen rag, dipped in a filtred solution of two or three grains of white vitriol, in one ounce of marjoram-water.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Nostrum

Edition of 1802.
​NOSTRUM, denotes any medicine the composition of which is supposed to be secret, and confined to the knowledge of one, or a few individuals.
The natural desire of health and longevity, has in all ages afforded a pretext to designing men, to invent medicines, with the absurd view of curing every disorder. It is true, that the confidence in panaceas, or universal remedies, is gradually declining, among the higher as well as the lower classes of society; but innumerable elixirs, drops, pills, &c. for particular complaints, are daily imposed upon the public by pretenders, whose chemical and medical knowledge is so confined, that they are generally obliged to borrow the recipes for such preparations from printed books. To aggravate the evil, their pernicious compounds for the most part contain opium, hemlock, or other narcotic drugs, which are rendered still more deleterious by the addition of stimulating gums and aromatic substances.
The duration and extent of such base practices, it is difficult to determine; though we conceive that, so long as the thoughtless and dissipated indulge in sensual pleasure of every description, the audacity of pretenders to the healing art will continue to increase. Experience has too often evinced, how little efficacy medicines possess in a variety of cases, without a strict adherence to a proper regimen; and much less may be expected from any nostrum, however strongly recommended by the dignitaries of church and state. Nay, the excellence and dignity of medical science can neither be supported, nor depreciated, by the illusion of great names.—If a due regard were more generally had to the laws of temperance and sobriety; if the cool dictates of reason were more frequently consulted, there would be fewer diseases, and those who enrich themselves at the expence of a credulous public, would ​speedily be compelled to pursue occupations less fraudulent, and more beneficial to the community.
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Novel

Edition of 1802.
​NOVEL, a fictitious history, written with a view to exhibit the emotions of the human heart; the happiness and misery of private life; the effects of indulging the passions, and especially that of Love.
The origin of modern novel-writing, together with the requisites essential to an interesting work, we leave to the discussion of the critic. There are, indeed, too many publications of this nature; but the generality of such performances, instead of inspiring the young mind with a love of virtue, and a detestation of vice, are only calculated to excite the most insidious and sensual ideas: hence we think it our duty to caution parents, with respect to the purity of such compositions as may fall into the hands of their unguarded children.
As the design of novels or romances is to interest the human heart, they are too apt to lead it astray, unless written in a chaste and correct style. Numberless are the victims of delusion, especially in the metropolis, whose wretched state commenced with the indiscriminate perusal of seductive novels. Nor is this evil confined to the middle ranks of society, in cities, or to boarding-schools. The farm-house, and the cottage, in many parts of England, furnish subscribers to circulating libraries, at the distance of several miles from the town or village, where the most absurd, and frequently immoral narratives (provided they be handsomely printed), are eagerly read, and dignified with the title of a "Novel."
By these brief strictures, we by no means intend to proscribe the dissemination of knowledge, particularly among the lower classes.—There undoubtedly are novels (though few in number), which deserve to be perused by inexperienced youth, and which reflect credit on their authors. Such "familiar histories," in the opinion of the late Dr. Johnson, "may perhaps be made of greater use than the solemnities of professed morality, and convey the knowledge of vice and virtue with more efficacy than axioms and definitions. But, if the power of example be so great as to take possession of the memory by a kind of violence, and produce effects almost without the intervention of the will, care ought to be taken, that, when the choice is unrestrained, the best examples only should be exhibited; and that what is likely to operate so strongly, should not be mischievous or uncertain in its etfects."
# Domestic Encyclopædia (1802)/Nutrition

Edition of 1802.
​Nutrition. See Nourishment; and Food of Plants, vol. ii. p. 320.
# Easter Day (Wilde)

* "Easter Day" in The Writings of Oscar Wilde (1907)
* "Easter Day" in The Poems of Oscar Wilde (1909)
# Easter Holidays

Easter Holidays is a poem by Samuel Taylor Coleridge, which he wrote at age fifteen in 1787. It is one of his earliest known poems and was included in a letter to his brother Luke. The poem describes the joy of Easter but also warns of possible future sorrows after one loses his innocence. The poem concludes with a Neoplatonic emphasis of virtue being able to conquer suffering. Warning: template has been deprecated.
It was first published in the collected works of 1912.
Hail! festal Easter that dost bring Approach of sweetly-smiling spring, When Nature's clad in green: When feather'd songsters through the grove With beasts confess the power of love And brighten all the scene. Now youths the breaking stages load That swiftly rattling o'er the road To Greenwich haste away: While some with sounding oars divide Of smoothly-flowing Thames the tide All sing the festive lay. With mirthful dance they beat the ground, Their shouts of joy the hills resound And catch the jocund noise: Without a tear, without a sigh Their moments all in transports fly Till evening ends their joys. But little think their joyous hearts Of dire Misfortune's varied smarts Which youthful years conceal: Thoughtless of bitter-smiling Woe Which all mankind are born to know And they themselves must feel. Yet he who Wisdom's paths shall keep And Virtue firm that scorns to weep At ills in Fortune's power, Through this life's variegated scene In raging storms or calm serene Shall cheerful spend the hour. While steady Virtue guides his mind Heav'n-born Content he still shall find That never sheds a tear: Without respect to any tide His hours away in bliss shall glide Like Easter all the year.
This work was published before January 1, 1929, and is in the public domain worldwide because the author died at least 100 years ago.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Easter Hymn (tune)

This anonymous hymn tune first appeared in Lyra Davidica in 1708, alongside the first appearance of the hymn "Jesus Christ Is Risen Today". It is frequently used for that hymn as well as for other hymns based (directly or indirectly) upon the Latin "Surrexit Christus hodie". It is sometimes mistakenly attributed to John Worgan.
* "The Resurrection" in Lyra Davidica (1708); used with the hymn "Jesus Christ Is Risen Today".
* "Worgan", in The Army and Navy Hymnal, (ed.) by Henry Augustine Smith (1920); used with the hymn "Christ the Lord Is Risen Today".
# Easter Lilies

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Easter Lilies."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Easter Lilies", a poem by Julia Caroline Dorr
* "Easter Lilies", a poem by Martha Lavinia Hoffman
# Easter-Day in a Mountain Churchyard

* Easter-Day in a Mountain Churchyard, in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine Volume 34, 1833.
* Easter-Day in a Mountain Church-Yard, in Scenes and Hymns of Life, with Other Religious Poems (Scenes and Hymns of Life), 1834.
# Easter (Coates)

"I know the Summer fell asleep"
* Coates, Florence Earle (1898), "Easter" in Poems.
* Coates, Florence Earle (1916), "Easter" in Poems II.
# Easter Day

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Easter Day."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Easter Day, a poem by Natalie Clifford Barney ("Much longer than these lilies, you or I")
* Easter Day, a poem by Robert Browning ("How very hard it is to be")
* Easter Day (Naples, 1849), a poem by Arthur Hugh Clough ("Through the great sinful streets of Naples as I past")
* Easter Day, II, a poem by Arthur Hugh Clough ("So in the sinful streets, abstracted and alone")
* Easter Day, 1917—The Eve of the Battle, a poem by John Eugene Crombie ("I rose and watched the eternal giant of fire")
* "Easter Day", a poem by Sophia May Eckley
* Easter Day, a poem by John Keble ("Oh! day of days! shall hearts set free")
* "Easter Day", a poem by Harriet McEwen Kimball
* Easter Day, a poem by Oscar Wilde ("The silver trumpets rang across the Dome")

### See also

* Easter
* Easter Monday
* Good Friday
# Easter Eve

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Easter Eve."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* "Easter Eve", short story by Anton Chekhov
* "Easter Eve", poem by Albert E. S. Smythe
# Easter Hymn

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Easter Hymn."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Easter Hymn, anonymous hymn tune first published in Lyra Davidica (1708)
* Easter Hymn (Christ the Lord is ris'n to day), hymn attr. Wipo of Burgundy, tr. Jane Eliza Leeson
* "Easter Hymn", a poem by Martha Lavinia Hoffman
* Easter Hymn (Ye sons and daughters of the Lord), hymn attr. Jean Tisserand, tr. Edward Caswall
* "Easter hymn", a poem by Emma Toke
# Easter Monday

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Easter Monday."
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
* Easter Monday, a poem by William Barnes ("An' zoo o' Monday we got drough")
* Easter Monday, an anonymous poem ("A Cobler I am, and my name is Dick Awl")

### See also

* Easter
* Easter Day
* Good Friday
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Wang Tuan

Layout 2
​WANG Tuan 汪端 (T. 允莊, H. 小韞), Feb. 28, 1793–1839, Feb. 1, poetess, a native of Ch'ien-t'ang (Hangchow), was the wife of Ch'ên P'ei-chih 陳裴之 (T. 孟楷, H. 小雪, 朗玉仙人, 1794–1826), official and poet. Her mother was a daughter of Liang Tun-shu (see under Liang Shih-chêng), and her father, Wang Yü 汪瑜 (T. 季懷, H. 天潛, d. 1809), was a son of the famous bibliophile, Wang Hsien [q. v.]. She is said to have begun reading in infancy and to have written poetry at the age of seven (sui). After the death of her parents she was cared for by her aunt, Liang Tê-shêng (see under Hsü Tsung-yen). When she married Ch'ên P'ei-chih she became not only his wife but also his collaborator in the writing of poetry; and her father-in-law, Ch'ên Wên-shu [q. v.], greatly admired her verse. When Ch'ên P'ei-chih died at Hankow (see below) their only son, Ch'ên Pao-yung 陳葆庸, overcome by the news, became seriously ill and thereafter was mentally deranged. To assuage her grief Wang Tuan took consolation in Taoism to which her father-in-law was devoted. She assumed the Taoist names, Lai-han 來涵 and Hsin-ch'ê 心澈.
The literary works of Wang Tuan were collected and printed in 1839 under the title 自然好學齋集 Tzŭ-jan-hao-hsüeh chai chi, 4 chüan. Her anthology of verse from thirty poets of the Ming period, entitled 明三十家詩選 Ming san-shih chia shih-hsüan, in 2 series, each in 8 chüan (reprinted in 1873); and the supplement con​taining selections from seventy minor poets of the same period, reveal unusual literary taste and independance of judgment. She had courage even to disagree with such critics as Ch'ien Ch'ien-i and Shên Tê-ch'ien [qq. v.]. At the same time she was interested in history. Her notes on historical episodes of the Yuan and Ming periods were brought together in a work entitled 元明逸史 Yüan-Ming i-shih, 80 chüan, but the manuscript of this work she later destroyed.
Ch'ên P'ei-chih, her husband, was well-known as a poet. As a hsiu-ts'ai he purchased the rank of a second-class sub-prefect. While awaiting appointment he worked at Yangchow in charge of river transportation and was highly applauded by his superiors. About 1825 he was named second-class sub-prefect of Yunnanfu which he declined. While stopping at Hankow in expectation of appointment to another post, he died, at the age of thirty-three sui. An early collection of his verse was entitled 春藻堂初集 Ch'un-tsao t'ang ch'u-chi. His collected works were edited and published by Wang Tuan in 1828 under the title 澄懷堂集 Ch'êng-huai t'ang chi, 14 chüan. He is noted for his memoirs of his beautiful and talented concubine, Wang Tzŭ-lan 王子蘭 (T. 紫湘, H. 畹君, 1803–1824), a work entitled 香畹樓憶語 Hsiang-wan lou i-yü. These memoirs include a sketch of Wang Tzŭ-lan's life by Ch'ên Wên-shu, eulogies of her by many friends, including Wang Tuan, and a collection of tz'ŭ, or poems in irregular meter, by Ch'ên P'ei-chih, entitled 夢玉詞 Meng-gi tz'ŭ. These were published in 1824 under the collective title 湘煙小錄 Hsiang-yen hsiao-lu.
[1/513/19a; 2/73/8b;5/85/1a; 20/4/00, portraits of Wang Tuan and Ch'ên P'ei-chih; 21/8/1a; Liang-Chê yu-hsüan hsü-lu (see under Juan Yüan) 54/1a.]
Li Man-kuei
# Eminent Chinese of the Ch'ing Period/Wang Yung-chi

Layout 2
​WANG Yung-chi 王永吉 (T. 修之, H. 鐵山), d. 1659, Ming-Ch'ing official, was a native of Kao-yu, Kiangsu. He became a chin-shih in 1625, and served as district magistrate at Tat'ien, Fukien and at Jên-ho (Hangchow). Later he was police magistrate at Jao-chou, Kiangsi. While at Hangchow he built public granaries and a sea-wall for the protection of the city against tides. Surrendering to the Manchu regime, he was appointed director of the Court of Judicature and Revision in 1645, and two years later a vice-president of the Board of Works. In 1651 he was made a vice-president of the Board of Revenue. He gave special attention to the lands assigned to military colonies and to plans for better control of the Yellow River and affluents of the Grand Canal. In 1653 he was made president of the Board of War, and in the following year was associated with Bahana 巴哈納 (d. 1666), Grand Secretary 1655–62, in distributing relief among eight prefectures of Chihli. In 1654 he was made a Grand Secretary.
​Accused of making a corrupt decision while in the Board of War and of showing anger when questioned about it, he was reproved by the Emperor and degraded to the superintendency of Government Granaries at the capital with rank of junior vice-president of the Board of Revenue. In 1655 he was again made Grand Secretary and concurrently president of the Board of Civil office. During a drought in 1657 he recommended the purging of jails and the release of men wrongfully imprisoned. On the occasion of an earthquake, he memorialized the Emperor to reform himself. When a nephew was involved in an examination scandal, in 1658, Wang Yung-chi was again degraded, and made sub-director of the Court of Sacrificial Worship. He was soon transferred to the senior vice-presidency of the Censorate, but died in the following year. The titles of Junior Guardian and Grand Guardian of the Heir Apparent, and president of the Board of Civil Office, and the name Wên-t'ung 文通 were posthumously conferred upon him.
A son of Wang Yung-chi, named Wang Ming-tê 王明德 (T. 亮士, H. 金樵), one time a department director in the Board of Punishments, wrote a work on criminal law, entitled 讀律佩觿 Tu-lü p'ei-hsi, 5 chüan, printed 1674–76.
[1/244/8a; 2/79/11b; 4/7/8b, containing a proposal by Wang Yung-chi for the construction of locks; Kao-yu chou-chih (1845) 10 shang 26b.]
Dean R. Wickes