OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Catharine of Valois

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CATHARINE OF VALOIS,
Surnamed the Fair, was the youngest child of Charles the Sixth and Isabeau of Bavaria. She was born October 27th., 1401, at the Hotel de St. Paul, Paris, during her father's interval of insanity. She was entirely neglected by her mother, who joined with the king's brother, the Duke of Orleans, in pilfering the revenues of the household. On the recovery of Charles, Isabeau fled with the Duke of Orleans to Milan, followed by her children, who were pursued and brought back by the Duke of Burgundy. Catharine was educated at the convent at Poissy, where her sister Marie was ​consecrated, and was married to Henry the Fifth of England, June 3rd., 1420. Henry the Fifth had previously conquered nearly the whole of France, and received with his bride the promise of the regency of France, as the king was again insane, and on the death of Charles the Sixth, the sovereignty of that country, to the exclusion of Catharine's brother and three older sisters. Catharine was crowned in 1421, and her son, afterwards Henry the Sixth, was born at Windsor in the same year, during the absence of Henry the Fifth in France. The queen joined her husband at Paris in 1422, leaving her infant son in England, and was with him when he died, at the castle of Vincennes, in August, 1422.
Some years afterwards, Catharine married Owen Tudor, an officer of Welsh extraction, who was clerk of the queen's wardrobe. This marriage was kept concealed several years, and Catharine, who was a devoted mother, seems to have lived very happily with her husband. The guardians of her son, the young Henry the Sixth, at length suspected it, and exhibited such violent resentment, that Catharine either took refuge, during the summer of 1436, in the abbey of Bermondsey, or was sent there under some restraint. Her children (she had four by Owen Tudor,) were torn from her, which cruelty probably hastened the death of the poor queen. She was ill during the summer and autumn, and died January, 1437. The nuns, who piously attended her, declared she was a sincere penitent. She had disregarded the injunctions of her royal husband, Henry the Fifth, in choosing Windsor as the birth-place of the heir of England; and she had never believed the prediction, that "Henry of Windsor shall lose all that Henry of Monmouth had gained." But during her illness she became fearful of the result, and sorely repented her disobedience.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Catharine Paulowna

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CATHARINE PAULOWNA.
Queen of Würtumburg, Grand-princess of Russia, was born May 21st., 1788. She was the younger sister of Alexander, Emperor of Russia, and married, in 1809, George, Prince of Holstein-Oldenburg, and thus avoided compliance with a proposal of marriage made her by Napoleon. She had two sons by this marriage; her husband died in Russia, in 1812. Catharine was distinguished for her beauty, talents, resolution, and her attachment to her brother Alexander. After 1812, she was frequently his companion in his campaigns, as well as during his residence in France and Vienna, and evidently had an important influence on several of his measures. January 24th., 1816, Catharine married, from motives of affection, William, Crown-prince of Würtumburg; and after the death of his father, in October, 1816, they ascended the throne of Würtumburg. She was a generous benefactor to her subjects during the famine of 1816. She formed female associations, established an agricultural society, laboured to promote the education of the people, and founded valuable institutions for the poor. She instituted a school for females of the higher classes, and savings' banks for the lower classes. She was inclined to be arbitrary, and had but little taste for the fine arts. She had two daughters by her second marriage; and she died January 9th., 1819.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Catharine St., of Alexandria

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CATHARINE ST.,
Was a noble virgin of Alexandria. Having been instructed in literature and the sciences, she was afterwards converted to Christianity, and by order of the Emperor Maximilian she disputed with fifty heathen philosophers, who, being reduced to silence by her arguments and her eloquence, were all to a man converted, and suffered martyrdom in consequence. From this circumstance, and her great learning, she is considered in the Romish church as the patron saint of philosophy, literature, and schools. She was afterwards condemned to suffer death, and the emperor ordered her to be crushed between wheels of iron, armed with sharp blades; the wheels, however, were marvellously broken asunder, as the monks declare, and, all other means of death being rendered abortive, she was beheaded in the year 310, at the age of eighteen. Her body being afterwards discovered on Mount Sinai, gave rise to the order of the Knights of St. Catharine.
# 1 Thessalonians

* related portals: First Epistle to the Thessalonians.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, quotes, Wikidata item.
1 Thessalonians is a book in the Bible.
English-language translations of Pros Thessalonikeis 1 include:
* "1 Thessalonians" in the Wycliffe version of the Bible (1380s)
* "1 Thessalonians" in the Tyndale version of the Bible (1526)
* "1 Thessalonians" in the Bishops' version of the Bible (1568)
* "1 Thessalonians" in the King James version of the Bible (1611)
* "1 Thessalonians" in the American Standard version of the Bible (1901)
* "1 Thessalonians" in the World English version (in progress since 1997)
* "1 Thessalonians" in the Wikisource version (in progress since 2006)
* "1 Thessalonians" in the Literal Standard Version of the Bible (2020)
# 1 Timothy

* related portals: First Epistle to Timothy.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Commons category, quotes, Wikidata item.
1 Timothy is a letter attributed to Paul of Tarsus and addressed to his colleague Timothy. It is one of the books of the Christian Bible.
English-language translations of Pros Timotheon 1 include:
* "1 Timothy" in the Wycliffe version of the Bible (1380s)
* "1 Timothy" in the Tyndale version of the Bible (1526)
* "1 Timothy" in the Bishops' version of the Bible (1568)
* "1 Timothy" in the King James version of the Bible (1611)
* "1 Timothy" in the American Standard version of the Bible (1901)
* "1 Timothy" in the World English version (in progress since 1997)
* "1 Timothy" in the Wikisource version (in progress since 2006)
* "1 Timothy" in the Literal Standard Version of the Bible (2020)

## Works about 1 Timothy

* "Timothy, First Epistle to," in Encyclopædia Britannica (11th ed., 1911)
* "Epistles to Timothy and Titus," in Catholic Encyclopedia, (ed.) by Charles G. Herbermann and others, New York: The Encyclopaedia Press (1913)
# 2,4,5-T (5001)

2,4,5-T See 2,4-D (Method 5001) for Procedure
SAMPLING
MEASUREMENT
ACCURACY
# 2,606.84 Acres of Land in Tarrant County, Texas v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.

## Dissenting Opinion

    Douglas
United States Supreme Court
402 U.S. 916
2,606.84 Acres of Land in Tarrant County, Texas, et al. v. United States
On Petition for Writ of Certiorari to the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit
No. 1316. Argued: N/A --- Decided: June 7, 1971
Certiorari denied.
Reported below: 432 F. 2d 1286.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Chù
### Chù.
#### 薯$^1$

    The potato genus.

#### 書$^1$

    To write; a book or letter.

#### 咨$^1$

    To deliberate; consult; public documents; to sight; lament.

#### 姿$^1$

    Flattering; elegant; gait manner.

#### 粢$^1$

    Grain; a cake.

#### 資$^1$

    Goods; things necessary for one's own use.

#### 諮$^1$

    To plan; scheme; to ask questions.

#### 趦$^1$

    To walk with difficulty; to make little progress.

#### 玆$^1$

    This; here now.

#### 孳$^1$

    To bear or produce; ardent affection for; diligence.

#### 鶿$^1$

    Name of a water bird. ​

#### 緇$^1$

    Dark colored silk.

#### 錙$^1$

    Name of an ancient coin equal to eight Chinese ounces.

#### 貲$^1$

    Wealth; property; money; a fine; to redeem with money.

#### 之$^1$

    Sign of the possessive case; of; him; it; them; to go.

#### 芝$^1$

    The budding forth of plants; a plant said to be incorruptible used as an emblem of happiness.

#### 孜$^1$

    Sincere attachment to; diligent.

#### 𧞓$^1$

    To sew garments; to seam.

#### 子$^2$

    A child; son; sages; an honorable appellation; a diminutive.

#### 仔$^2$

    To sustain or attend to the duties devolving on one.

#### 耔$^2$

    To weed; pluck out weeds.

#### 煮$^2$

    To boil; cook.

#### 梓$^2$

    Name of a valuable wood; to cut characters in wood.

#### 自$^{-3}$

    From; self; one's self; of itself; naturally; of course.

#### 洎$^{3-}$

    Soup; a thick substance used in sacrifices.

#### 滋$^{3-}$

    To increase; overflow; rich; to enrich; confused.

#### 恣$^{3-}$

    Intrigue; levity; lewdness; profligate.

#### 胾$^{3-}$

    A preparation of meat cut and minced.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Chʽe
### Chʽe.
#### 查$^{-1}$

    To examine into; inquire; a float or raft.

#### 差$^1$

    To send a messenger; a messenger.

#### 乂$^1$

    A fork.

#### 厠$^{3-}$

    To cleanse and put in order; a place which needs cleansing; a privy; filthy.

#### 册$^4$

    A list; schedule; a book; a plan; to contrive.

#### 策$^4$

    A device; stratagem; to scheme; a switch.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Chʽia
### Chʽia.
#### 車$^1$

    A carriage.

#### 奢$^1$

    Affluent; prodigal; wasteful.

#### 賒$^1$

    To sell on credit; slow; remiss.

#### 且$^2$

    And; then; also. ​

#### 請$^2$

    To invite; inquire after.

#### 赤$^4$

    Naked; flesh color; reddish; vermilion.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Chó
### Chó.
#### 槽$^{-1}$

    A manger; a drain where liquor is run off; a place where wine is sold.

#### 艚$^{-1}$

    A small boat; a junk.

#### 棗$^1$

    Dates; a species of cannarium.

#### 左$^1$

    The left hand or side; a second or assistant; depraved; to degrade.

#### 阻$^1$

    To hinder; stop; prevent.

#### 爼$^1$

    A block on which meat is cut; a feast.

#### 坐$^{-3}$

    To sit.

#### 佐$^{-3}$

    To assist; an assistant.

#### 助$^{-3}$

    To assist; succor; assistance.

#### 座$^3$

    A seat; a throne.

#### 做$^{3-}$

    To make; to do; to be.

#### 絕$^{-4}$

    To break off; suspend; put an end to; a small quantity.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Chʽau
### Chʽau.
#### 巢$^{-1}$

    A nest for birds or thieves; a lurking place.

#### 曹$^{-1}$

    A court or board of officers; a class; used to form the plural.

#### 傮$^{-1}$

    The whole; one complete round.

#### 嘈$^{-1}$

    Noise; clamor.

#### 勦$^1$

    To fatigue; trouble; vex; light; active.

#### 剿$^1$

    To cut off; exterminate.

#### 操$^1$

    To grasp; hold fast; also the thing held.

#### 抄$^1$

    To take or seize; to transcribe; to stir up.

#### 草$^2$艸$^2$

    Plants, grass, &c. — the running hand character; careless.

#### 藻$^2$

    A water plant; elegant composition; joy.

#### 懆$^{3-}$

    Vexatious; anxiety; sorrow.

#### 澡$^{3-}$

    To wash; bathe.

#### 燥$^{3-}$

    Fierceness of fire.

#### 譟$^{3-}$

    Noise; clamor; disturbance.

#### 躁$^{3-}$

    Precipitation; haste; fierce; to disturb.

#### 慥$^{3-}$

    To act heartily and sincerely.

#### 嗅$^{3-}$

    A strong smell; stink; to smell.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Chát
### Chát.
#### 節$^4$

    A limit; a joint; period of time; tamperance; chastity.

#### 櫛$^4$

    A comb.

#### 紮$^4$

    To tie or bind together.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Chʽeng
### Chʽeng.
#### 情$^{-1}$

    The passions; temper; disposition; circumstances.

#### 橙$^1$

    Name of a tree; the orange tree.

#### 清$^2$

    Pure; clear; tranquil.

#### 稱$^2$

    To measure; weigh; adjust; to denominate; to praise.

#### 銃$^{3-}$

    Hollowed or bored; a gun; cannon.

#### 倩$^{3-}$

    Good; excellent; beautiful; instead of.

#### 稱$^{3-}$

    A title or appellation.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Chʽi
### Chʽi.
#### 踟$^{-1}$

    Hesitation; embarassment; irresolute.

#### 齊$^{-1}$

    Even; regular; complete; to adjust; regulate; all together.

#### 㙈$^{-1}$

    Name of a place.

#### 箎$^{-1}$

    Bamboo said to grow 1000 cubits high.

#### 㓾$^{-1}$

    Wounded skin.

#### 墀$^{-1}$

    Vestibule in front of a hall; a path to the hall.

#### 遲$^{-1}$

    Slow; dilatory.

#### 池$^{-1}$

    A pool; pond; ditch.

#### 貤$^{-1}$

    Degrees rising one above another; to advance.

#### 馳$^{-1}$

    To run at full speed; gallop; to propel.

#### 懝$^1$

    Alarmed; apprehensive; to judge; intend.

#### 妻$^1$

    A wife; an equal.

#### 凄$^1$

    Intense cold.

#### 悽$^1$

    Sorrow; commiseration; anger; indignation.

#### 棲$^1$

    That on which a bird rests; a roost; a residence; to perch.

#### 萋$^1$

    Exuberance of foliage.

#### 痴$^1$

    Foolish; deranged.

#### 恓$^1$

    Much grieved; sorry; angry.

#### 栖$^1$

    Birds perched on trees; a roost; to rest; desist.

#### 䲭$^1$

    A certain bird.

#### 蚳$^1$

    A certain insect; a shell fish.

#### 邸$^1$

    The court; residence for court visitors; an inn; at the bottom; fundamental.

#### 蚩$^1$

    A worm; ugly; ignorant.

#### 媸$^1$

    A worthless woman; ugly and lewd; foolish.

#### 恥$^2$

    To be ashamed; shame.

#### 侈$^2$

    Large; profuse; prodigal.

#### 齒$^2$

    Teeth; the upper teeth.

#### 市$^{-3}$

    Market place; street.

#### 飼$^{3-}$

    To feed; nourish.

#### 弒$^{3-}$

    To murder a superior. ​

#### 試$^{3-}$

    To try; test; examine; compare.

#### 莿$^{3-}$

    A device; stratagem.

#### 妻$^{3-}$

    To give to wife; to marry.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Chʽai
### Chʽai.
#### 才$^{-1}$

    Talent; ability.

#### 材$^{-1}$

    Materials; fit for use.

#### 財$^{-1}$

    Wealth; property.

#### 豺$^{-1}$

    A species of wolf.

#### 蠆$^1$

    A sting in the tail; a scorpion.

#### 猜$^1$

    Dislike; to suspect; to doubt; conjecture.

#### 裁$^1$

    To cut clotes; cut; tear.

#### 采$^2$

    Adorned with a variety of colors.

#### 採$^2$

    To pluck with the hand; to take.

#### 綵$^2$

    Colored silk; assemblage of every color.

#### 纔$^3$

    Just now; just then.

#### 菜$^{3-}$

    Edible plants.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Chʽek
### Chʽek.
#### 粟$^4$

    Paddy; a small grain used for distillation.

#### 斥$^4$

    To break; lay open; expel; reprove; many.

#### 側$^4$

    By the side of; oblique; depraved; perverted.

#### 惻$^4$

    Acute pain.

#### 測$^4$

    To measure or fathom; pure; clear.

#### 戚$^4$

    Mournful; sorry; angry; relations; friends.

#### 慼$^4$

    Grief; mourning.

#### 膝$^4$

    The knees.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Artemisia II.

ARTEMISIA II. Queen of Caria, Sister and Wife of Mausoleus,
Immortalised herself by the honours she paid to the memory of her husband, to whom she erected, at Halicarnassus, a magnificent tomb, which was esteemed one of the seven wonders of the world; and from which all succeeding monuments have obtained the name of Mausoleums. Pliny and Aulus Gellius have given a description of it; and the latter adds,—"she put the ashes of her husband every day into her drink, that she might become his living tomb! and that she established grand prizes for the learned who should make the best panegyric on Mausoleus!" but died of grief before this magnificent edifice was completed, two years after the death of her husband.
The grief of Artemisia did not prevent her watching the safety of the state. The Rhodians had formed a design to dethrone her. She went to war with them, and ​drove them back to the walls of their city, which she besieged in person, and took in the year 351, B. C. She treated the inhabitants with rigour, and caused two statues to be erected, one of the city of Rhodes habited like a slave, and the other of herself marking it with a hot iron. This monument remained a long time, to the shame of the vanquished, because it was a religious tenet with them, never to destroy even the trophies of their enemies; but they afterwards built walls round it to screen it from public view.
F. C. Female Worthies, &c.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Arria

ARRIA, Wife of Cæcina Pœtus, a Consul under the emperor Claudius, in the first Century.
In the reigns of the unworthy successors of Caesar, the most unbridled licentiousness prevailed at Rome; and with its liberties, the last remains of moral restraint seemed to have expired. The sect of the Stoics alone, to which all that was noble of both sexes then belonged, by a stern and unbending austerity, by rigorous self-denial and fortitude, acted as a powerful counterpoise to the general depravity. Arria was of this sect, and, if the abandonment of every personal consideration, and the power of subjecting lively and tender feelings be the highest proof of magnanimity, she is well entitled to that immortality her actions have secured.
Her son and husband were both sick of a dangerous illness at the same time: the former died; and she was convinced, that, in his present weak state Pœtus could not survive a knowledge of the fatal event. She therefore fulfilled every mournful duty to the remains of her child, whom she bitterly bewailed in secret; but, when she entered the chamber of his father, concealed the anguish of her soul, under the assumed smiles of hope and confidence; not even his solicitude and frequent inquiries disarmed her resolution, which his recovery, in ​this instance, rewarded; but which was soon to be put to still greater trials.
Scribonius had excited a revolt in Illyria, the object of which was, to dethrone the imbecile Claudius; but was vanquished, and put to death. Pœtus, one of his partisans, was also taken prisoner, and carried to Rome by sea. Arria entreated to be permitted to accompany him, alledging, that to a man of his rank, some attendants of course must be allowed; that these should be dispensed with, and she would fulfil all their duties, if permitted to come on board! On the refusal of the soldiers, she hired a small bark, and followed him. On her arrival at Rome, she was met in the palace by the widow of Scribonius, who wished to speak to her. "I speak to thee!" returned Arria indignantly, "to thee who hast been witness of thy husband's death, and yet survivest!" For she had herself determined, that, if all her endeavours to save Pœtus, failed, she would die with him. Her son-in-law Thraseus, used every argument to persuade her to give up this design. "Were I," said he, "in his situation, would you have your daughter die with me?" "Certainly," answered she, "had she lived with you as long and as happily as I with Pœtus." He was at length condemned to die; whether by his own hands, at that time no uncommon sentence, is uncertain; if it were not so, he wished to avoid the punishment allotted him by a voluntary death; but at the moment wanted courage. Seeing him staggered and hesitating, Arria seized the dagger, plunged it first into her own breast, and then presenting it to her husband, said, with a smile, "It is not painful, Pœtus!"
The wife of Thraseus, and her daughter, who married ​Helvidius Priscus, inherited the fate and sentiments of Arria.
Essay by M. Thomas. F. C. &c.
# A Biographical Dictionary of the Celebrated Women of Every Age and Country/Artemisia

ARTEMISIA, Queen of Carta, Daughter of Lygdamus.
This princess, celebrated for her courage and prudence, enjoyed the royal authority, on account of the the minority of her son. When Xerxes declared war against the Greeks, about the year 480 B. C. the love of glory led her to accompany him in this expedition; and she distinguished herself more than any of the Persian generals. She counselled Xerxes not to risk the battle of Salamis, the event of which was so unfortunate to him. During the action, she, however, acted so conspicuous a part, that the Athenians offered a great reward to any man who should take her prisoner. Seeing herself pursued for this purpose, by one of their vessels, without any hope of escape, she made use of a bold and cruel stratagem, which at once gratified her revenge, and ensured her safety. She attacked a Persian vessel, commanded by Damasythimus, king of Calyndus, who was her enemy, and sunk it. The Athenians, judging by this action that she was in the Grecian interest, ceased to pursue her, and Xerxes, who believed she had destroyed a Grecian vessel, cried out, "that the men behaved like women, and the women like men." He confided to her the care of the young princes his children, when, by her advice, he abandoned Greece to return into Asia.
Expert in all the arts and stratagems of war, Artemisia wished to make herself mistress of Latmus, a small city on the borders of her kingdom. She placed some troops in ambuscade, and went, with a grand suite, as ​if to celebrate the feast of Cybele in an adjoining wood, which was consecrated to that goddess. The inhabitants abandoned the city to join in this act of devotion; and, in the meanwhile, her soldiers took possession of the place.
Artemisia is said to have been desperately in love with a young man named Dardanus, who slighted her, which enraged her to such a degree, that she commanded his eyes to be put out whilst he slept; and finding her passion unconquerable, soon afterwards flung herself from the top of the famous promontory of Leucas into the sea.
F. C. Female Worthies, &c.