OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# 1922 Encyclopædia Britannica/Huerta, Victoriano

See also Victoriano Huerta on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
HUERTA, VICTORIANO (1854-1916), Mexican general and dictator, was born in Colotlán, Jalisco, Dec. 23 1854. He began his military career as a boy, graduating from Chapultepec Military College in 1876, and immediately serving in the successful revolt of Porfirio Diaz against President Lerdo. He was then eight years on the Military Map Commission, from 1890 to 1900 was a member of the General Staff, and later fought Indian campaigns in Sonora and Yucatan. Diaz made him a brigadier-general. When the latter fell, Huerta escorted him to Vera Cruz, then joined Madero, and conducted campaigns against Zapata in 1911 and Pascual Orozco in 1912. From Feb. 9 to 18 1913 he commanded the Madero forces when the Díaz revolutionary forces were besieged in the arsenal at Mexico City and when several thousand non-combatants were shot by the ill-directed gunfire of Huerta's men. On Feb. 18 he betrayed Madero, forcing him and the vice-president Pino Suárez (who were later murdered) to resign and obliging Congress to ratify his usurpation of power. He was recognized as president by the foreign embassies, but President Wilson refused him recognition and insisted upon his elimination. In Oct. 1913 he was characterized as a murderer by a member of the Mexican Congress, who immediately disappeared. The deputies remonstrated, whereupon Huerta arrested 110 of them and seized the legislative and judicial powers. In April 1914 came the Tampico incident, when two American sailors were arrested and removed from a U.S. boat for a trifling cause. Huerta's refusal to make adequate apology brought about the occupation of Vera Cruz by U.S. troops. His resignation was forced on July 15 1914. He went first to Spain, then came to New York in April 1915. In July he was arrested in Texas, charged with instigating invasion of Mexico. He was taken ill after his arrest, and was released from custody just before his death at El Paso on Jan. 13 1916. He was a man of great will power, remarkable physique and native astuteness, but possessed no training in statecraft or exceptional ability as a soldier.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Black, Mrs.

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BLACK, MRS.,
An English portrait-painter, flourished about the year 1760, and was a member of the Academy in St. Martin's-lane. Her daughter was also a portrait-painter in oils and crayons, who acquired much reputation in teaching painting.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Blackwell, Elizabeth, author

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BLACKWELL, ELIZABETH,
An English woman of considerable talent, who, to provide subsistence for her husband, who was in prison for debt, published, in two folio volumes, a complete Herbal, containing five hundred plates, drawn, engraved, and coloured by herself. The first volume appeared in 1737, and the second in 1739. The whole work bore the following title:—"A curious Herbal, containing five hundred of the most useful plants which are now used in the practice of physic, engraved on folio copper-plates, after drawings taken from the life. To which is added a short description of the plants, and their common uses in Physic."
While Mrs. Blackwell was completing this laborious undertaking, she resided at Chelsea, near the Garden of Medicinal Plants; where she was frequently visited, and much patronized by people of distinguished rank and learning. The College of Physicians gave the book a public testimonial of their approbation, and made the author a present. Dr. Pulteney, speaking of this work, says, "For the most complete set of drawings of medicinal plants, we are indebted to the genius and industry of a lady, exerted on an occasion that redounded highly to her praise."
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Blanchard, Madame

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BLANCHARD, MADAME,
Was the wife of Francois Blanchard, one of the first aeronauts, a Frenchman by birth, who died in 1809. After his death Madame Blanchard continued to make aerial voyages. In 1811, she ascended in Rome, and after going sixty miles, she rose again to proceed to Naples. In June, 1819, having ascended from Tiivoli, in Paris, her balloon took fire from some fireworks she had with her, the gondola fell from a considerable height into the street de Provence, and Madame Blanchard was instantly killed.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Blanche de Bourbon

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BLANCHE DE BOURBON,
Second daughter of Pierre de Bourbon, a nobleman of France, married Pedro, King of Castile, in 1352. She was cruelly treated by her husband, who was attached to Maria Padilla, and was at last imprisoned and murdered, in 1361, aged eighteen. Her misfortunes were avenged by Du Guesclin, at the head of the French army. Her beauty and virtues made her a great favourite, not only with the mother of Pedro, but the whole Spanish nation.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Blanche of Padua

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BLANCHE,
A native of Padua, was celebrated for her resolution. On the death of her husband, at the siege of Bassano, Acciolin, the general of the enemy, offered violence to her person, when she threw herself into her husband's tomb, and was crushed by the falling of a stone that covered the entrance, 1253.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Billioni, N. Bussa

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BILLIONI, N. BUSSA,
A Celebrated actress at the theatres of France and Brussells, who died in 1783.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Blake, Katharine

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BLAKE, KATHARINE,
Wife of William Blake, the artist, was born in humble life, and first noticed by the young painter for the whiteness of her hand and the sylph-like beauty of her form. Her maiden name was Boutcher, not name to set in ryhme, but her lover inscribed his lyrics to the "dark-eyed Kate." He also drew her picture; and finding she had good domestic qualities, he married her. They lived long and happily together. A writer who knew them intimately, thus describes her:—
"She seemed to have been created on purpose for Blake; she believed him to be the finest genius on earth; she believed in his verse; she believed in his designs; and to the wildest flights of his imagination she bowed the knee, and was a worshipper. She set his house in good order, prepared his frugal meal, learned to think as he thought, and, indulging him in his harmless absurdities, became as it were bone of his bone and flesh of his flesh. She learned—what a young and handsome woman is seldom apt to learn—to despise gaudy dresses, costly meals, pleasant company, and agreeable invitations; she found out the way of being happy at home, living on the simplest of food, and contented in the homeliest of clothing. It was no ordinary mind which could do all this; and she whom Blake emphatically called his 'beloved' was no ordinary woman. She wrought off in the press the impressions of his plates—she coloured them with a light and neat hand—made drawings much in the spirit of his compositions, and almost rivalled him in all things, save in the power which he possessed of seeing visions of any Individual living or dead, whenever he chose to see them."
William Blake died in 1828, without any visible pain, his faithful wife watching over him to the last. She died a few years afterwards.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Blamire, Susanna

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BLAMIRE, SUSANNA,
Was born of a respectable family in Cumberland, at Cardem Hall, near Carlisle, where she resided till her twentieth year, when her sister marrying a gentleman from Scotland, she accompanied them ​to that country, where she remained some years. She was distinguished for the excellence of her Scottish poetry. She died unmarried at Carlisle, in 1794, at the age of forty-six. Her lyrics have been greatly admired for their harmonious versification, and their truth and tenderness of feeling. Among these, "The Nabob," "The Waefu' Heart," and "Auld Robin Forbes," are selected as most beautiful. Her poetical works were collected in 1842, and published in one volume, with a memoir by Patrick Maxwell.
# A Cyclopaedia of Female Biography/Blanche of Castile

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BLANCHE,
Of Castile, Queen of France, was the daughter of Alphonso the Ninth, King of Castile, and of Eleanor, daughter of Henry the First of England. In 1200, she was married to Louis the Eighth of France; and became the mother of nine sons and two daughters, whom she educated with great care, and in such sentiments of piety, that two of them, Louis the Ninth, and Elizabeth, have been beatified by the church of Rome.
On the death of her husband, in 1266, he showed his esteem for her by leaving her sole regent during the minority of his son, Louis the Ninth, then only twelve years old; and Blanche justified by her conduct in the trying circumstances in which she was placed, the confidence of her husband. The princes and nobles, pretending that the regency was unjustly granted to a woman, confederated against her; but by her prudence and courage, opposing some in arms, and gaining over others with presents and condescension, Blanche finally triumphed. She made use of the romantic passion of the young Count of Champagne; to obtain information of the projects of the malcontents; but her reputation was endangered ​by the favour she showed him, as well as by the familiar intercourse to which she admitted the gallant Cardinal Romani.
In educating Louis, she was charged with putting him too much in the hands of the clergy; but she proved an excellent guardian of his virtue, and inspired him with a lasting respect for herself. In 1234, she married him to Margaret, daughter of the Count de Provence; and in 1285, Louis haying reached the age of twenty-one, Blanche surrendered to him the sovereign authority. But even after this she retained great ascendency over the young king, of which she sometimes made an improper use. Becoming jealous of Margaret, wife of Louis, she endeavoured to sow dissensions between them, and, failing in this, to separate them; and these disturbances caused Louis great uneasiness.
When, in 1248, Louis undertook a crusade to the Holy Land, he determined to take his queen with him, and leave his mother regent; and in this second regency she showed the same vigour and prudence as in the first. The kingdom was suffering so much from the domination of the priesthood, that vigorous measures had become necessary; and notwithstanding her strong religious feelings, she exerted her utmost power against the tyranny of the priests and in favour of the people: and as usual, Blanche was successful. The unfortunate defeat and imprisonment of her son in the East so affected her spirits, that she died, in 1252, to his great grief, and the regret of the whole kingdom. She was buried in the abbey of Maubisson. She was one of the most illustrious characters of her time, being equally distinguished for her personal and mental endowments.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Ne
### Ne.
#### 冷$^2$

    Cold; solitary; lonely; careless.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Neng
### Neng.
#### 能$^{-1}$

    Power; able; morally able; willing.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Nau
### Nau.
#### 撓$^{-1}$

    To twist; wrench; disturb; vex; mix; confess.

#### 惱$^2$

    Indignation; grief.

#### 腦$^2$

    The marrow of the head; brains; glossy; soft.

#### 弩$^{-3}$

    A cross-bow fitted to throw several arrows in succession.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Ng
### Ng.
#### 黃$^{-1}$

    Yellow; the color of earth.

#### 𥝭$^1$

    The blade springing up; thick and close.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Ngai
### Ngai.
#### 困$^{-1}$

    Foolish; stupid.

#### 涯$^{-1}$

    The bank of a river or stream; a shore.

#### 刈$^{-3}$

    Shears; to cut herbs; reap; to regulate; put in order; talents.

#### 艾$^{-3}$

    Name of a caustic plant; a person fifty years old.

#### 岸$^{-3}$

    A high shore; bank of a river, eminent; the end.

#### 崖$^{-3}$

    The sides of a high hill; a precipice; a bank.

#### 睚$^{-3}$

    To look at with suspicion, contempt or hatred; to squint at.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Mⁿo
### Mⁿo.
#### 牟$^{-1}$

    To advance; encroach upon; invade; seize.

#### 侔$^{-1}$

    Equal to; of the same rank or class; even.

#### 眸$^{-1}$

    The pupil of the eye; the eye.

#### 麰$^{-1}$

    Barley. ​

#### 丘$^2$

    The name of Confucius.

#### 牡$^2$

    The male of animals.

#### 牳$^2$

    A cow; the female of cattle.

#### 貿$^{3-}$

    To barter; trade; buy and sell.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Nai
### Nai.
#### 乃$^2$

    But; then; certainly; is; was; a connective particle.

#### 奶$^2$嬭$^2$

    The female breast; milk; to suckle.

#### 鼐$^2$

    A large vase or tripod.

#### 耐$^{-3}$

    To bear with; forbear; endure; patient forbearance.

#### 奈$^{-3}$

    To occur; meet with; as; like; how; resource.

#### 賴$^{-3}$

    To lean, depend on rely upon; that which supports.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Nek
### Nek.
#### 肉$^{-4}$

    Flesh; animal food; body.

#### 搦$^{-4}$

    To lay the hand of; grasp; excite; provoke.

#### 溺$^{-4}$

    To drown; sink down in water, vice, intoxication, &c.

#### 匿$^{-4}$

    To hide; conceal; be hidden; abscond; clandestine.

#### 㥾$^{-4}$

    Feeling of shame; to be ashamed.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Ngau
### Ngau.
#### 爻$^{-1}$

    A character used in divination.

#### 肴$^{-1}$

    Provisions of any kind except rice.

#### 淆$^{-1}$

    Name of a river; confused; mixed.

#### 翺$^{-1}$

    To fly or roam about; to spread the wings.

#### 敖$^{-1}$

    To trifle and ramble about; proud; clamorous; rude.

#### 熬$^{-1}$

    To dry or roast with fire; to bake; boil; broil.

#### 遨$^{-1}$

    To ramble; wander.

#### 鰲$^{-1}$

    Name of a fish.

#### 驁$^{-1}$

    A spirited or untractable horse; proud; proud; domineering.

#### 囂$^1$

    To make a noise; vociferation; clamor; reviling.

#### 嗷$^1$

    Incessant noise; clamoring for food.

#### 傲$^{-3}$

    Uncivil; proud; to treat with neglect; haughty.

#### 獒$^{-3}$

    A large species of dog.

#### 樂$^{-3}$

    To be pleased; fond of; love.

#### 殽$^{-3}$

    Mixed; blended; confused; pulse; flesh and bones.
# A Chinese and English vocabulary, in the Tie-chiu dialect/Nge
### Nge.
#### 硬$^{-3}$

    Hard; firm; obstinate; perverse.

#### 勁$^{-3}$

    Strong; unyielding; violent; overbearing.
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Jacquin, von

From volume 2 of the work.
​JACQUIN, VON. A Viennese family with which Mozart was on the most intimate and affectionate terms. The father, Johann Franz Freiherr von Jacquin, was a celebrated botanist, whose house in the botanical garden was the great resort of the most intellectual and artistic society of Vienna; the son Gottfried, an accomplished amateur with a fine bass voice, was a very intimate friend of Mozart's, and the recipient of some of his cleverest letters; and the daughter Franziska was one of his best pupils (Letter, Jan. 14, 1787). For Gottfried he wrote the air ​'Mentre ti lascio' (Köchel 513), and for the family more than one charming little Canzonet for 2 sopranos and a bass, such as 'Ecco quel fiero' or 'Due pupille amabili' (K. 436, 439). An air of Gottfried's, 'Io ti lascio' is to this day often sung in concert rooms as Mozart's. He took part in the funny scene which gave rise to Mozart's comic 'Bandl Terzett' 'Liebes Mandl, wo ists Bandl.' The lines which Gottfried wrote in Mozart's Album—'True genius is impossible without heart; for no amount of intellect alone or of imagination, no, nor of both together, can make genius. Love, love, love is the soul of genius'—characterise him as faithfully as those of his father, written in the same book, do the old man of tact and science:—
'Tibi, qui possis Blandus auritas fidibus canoris Ducere quercus, In amicitiæ tesseram.'
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Jadassohn, Salomon

From volume 2 of the work.
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/James, W. N.

From volume 2 of the work.
[ W.H.H. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Jadin, Louis

From volume 2 of the work.
​JADIN, Louis Emmanuel, son, nephew, and brother of musicians, born Sept. 21, 1768, at Versailles, where his father Jean, a violinist and composer, settled at the instigation of his brother Georges, a performer on the bassoon attached to the chapelle of Louis XV. As a child Louis showed great talent for music; his father taught him the violin, and Hüllmandel the piano. After being 'page de la musique' to Louis XVI, he was in 1789 appointed 2nd accompanyist, and in 1791 chief maestro al cembalo at the Théâtre de Monsieur, then in the Rue Feydeau. This post gave him the opportunity of producing 'Joconde' (Sept. 14, 1790), a comic opera in 3 acts. Jadin's industry was extraordinary. Though fully engaged as composer, conductor, and teacher, he lost no opportunity of appearing before the public. He composed marches and concerted pieces for the Garde Nationale; patriotic songs and pièces de circonstance such as 'Le Congrès des Rois,' in conjunction with others, 'L'Apotheose du jeune Barra,' 'Le Siége de Thionville' (1793) 'Agricol Viola ou le jeune héros de la Durance,' for the various fêtes of the Revolution; and 38 operas for the Italiens, the Théâtres Molière and Louvois, the Variétés, the Académie, and chiefly the Feydeau. Of this mass of music, however, nothing survives but the titles of 'Joconde' and 'Mahomet II' (1803) familiar to us from the operas of Isouard and Rossini. This does not necessarily imply that Jadin was without talent, but like many others his librettos were bad, and his music, though well written, was wanting in dramatic spirit, and in the style, life, passion and originality necessary for success. In fact his one quality was facility.
In 1802 he succeeded his brother as professor of the pianoforte at the Conservatoire, and was 'Gouverneur des pages' of the royal chapel from the Restoration to the Revolution of 1830. He received the Legion of Honour in 1824. To the close of his life he continued to produce romances, nocturnes, trios and quartets, string quintets, and other chamber-music. Of his orchestral works, 'La Bataille d'Austerlitz' is the best known. He was one of the first to compose for two pianos, and was noted as the best accompanyist of his day. In private life he was a good talker, and fond of a joke. He died in Paris, April 11, 1853.
[ G. C. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Jahn, Otto

From volume 2 of the work.
​JAHN, Otto, the biographer of Mozart, a distinguished philologist, archæologist, and writer on art and music, born June 16, 1813, at Kiel; studied at Kiel, Leipzig, and Berlin, took his degree in 1831, visited Copenhagen, Paris, Switzerland and Italy, in 39 settled in Kiel, in 42 became professor of archæology and philology at Greifswalde, and in 47 director of the archæological Museum at Leipzig, was dismissed for political reasons during the troubles of 1848–49, and in 55 settled at Bonn as professor of classical philology and archæology, and director of the university art-museum. Here he remained till 1869, when he retired during his last illness to Göttingen, and died on Sept. 9. Jahn wrote important books on all the subjects of which he was master, but his musical works alone concern us. Foremost among these is his 'W. A. Mozart' (Leipzig, Breitkopf & Härtel, 4 vols, 1856–59, 2nd ed. 2 vols, 1867, with portraits and facsimiles). His picture of the great composer is scarcely less interesting and valuable than his description of the state of music during the period immediately preceding Mozart, while the new facts produced, the new light thrown on old ones, and the thorough knowledge of the subject evinced throughout, all combine to place the work at the head of musical biographies.
[ C. F. P. ]
* ↑ For the English reader this admirable book suffers from the frequent interpolation of long digressions on the rise and progress of various sections of music, which, though most valuable in themselves, interrupt the narrative and would be more conveniently placed in an Appendix. Its Index also leaves much to be desired. [ G. ]
* ↑ The materials collected for Haydn went to Herr C. F. Pohl, and those for Beethoven to Mr. Thayer, and are being employed by those writers in their biographies of the two composers. Mr. Pohl was designated by Jahn as his successor in the biography of Haydn. [ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/Jahrbücher für musikalische Wissenschaft

From volume 2 of the work.
​JAHRBÜCHER FUR MUSIKALISCHE WISSENSCHAFT —'Year-books of musical science.' A publication due to the remarkable energy and interest of Dr. Chrysander, by whom it is edited and published, through Breitkopf & Härtel. Two volumes have appeared. For pains and ability the papers leave nothing to be desired, but the severe polemic spirit which is occasionally manifested is much to be regretted.
   I. 1863. 1. Sound, and 2. Temperament, both by Hauptmann (17–54). 3. Tinctor's 'Diffinitorium,' by H. Bellermann (55–114). 4. The Limburg Chronicle, and German Volksgesang in 14th cent. (115–146). 5. The Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel Band and Opera, 16th-18th cent. (147–286). 6. Henry Carey and God save the King (287–407). 7. Handel's Organ-part to Saul (408–428). 8. Beethoven's connection with Birchall and Stumpf (429–452).
   II. 1867. 9. 'Das Lochheimer Liederbuch, nebst der Ars Organisandi, von Conrad Paumann'—a description and complete analysis of a German MS. collection of songs of the 15th cent., and a MS. book of organ pieces of the same date, with facsimiles, woodcuts, and very numerous examples—in all 234 pages, by F. W. Arnold and H. Bellermann. 10. J. S. Bach and Friedemann Bach in Halle (235–248). 11. Mendelsohn's Organ-part to Israel in Egypt(249–267). 12. Reviews:-Reissmann's General History of Music (268–300); Westphal's Rhythm and History of Greek Music (300–310); Coussemaker's 'Scriptorum de Musica … novam seriem' and 'L'art harmonique' (310–314); Wackernagel on the German 'Kirchenlied' (314–323); Hommel's 'Geistliche Volkslieder' (323–324); Riegel's Liturgical Music (324–327); Lillencron's Historical Volkslieder (327–329); Thayer's Chronological List of Beethoven's Works (329–330); Bitter's Life of J. S. Bach (330–333); Rudhart's History of the Opera at Munich (333–335); Koch's Musical Lexicon, edited by Dommer (335); Krüger's System of Music (336). 13. List of the Choral Societies and Concert Institutions of Germany and Switzerland (337–374).
[ G. ]
# A Dictionary of Music and Musicians/James, John

From volume 2 of the work.
[ W.H.H. ]