OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ogden

Edition of 1905. See also Ogden, Utah on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
OG′DEN. A city and the county-seat of Weber County, Utah, 37 miles north of Salt Lake City; at the confluence of the Ogden and Weber rivers, and on the Union Pacific, Southern Pacific, Oregon Short Line, Ogden and
Northwestern, and Rio Grande Western railroads (Map: Utah, B 1). It is the seat of the State Industrial School (reformatory) and of State institutions for the deaf, dumb, and blind, of Sacred Heart Academy (Roman Catholic), and of Weber Stake Academy (Mormon). The principal buildings are the city hall, county courthouse, and several of the public school buildings. Union, Lester, and Liberty parks, respectively 5, 10, and 10 acres in area, are notable attractions. The Ogden Cañon, opening at the city limits, is noted for its wildly picturesque scenery and for its waterfall. A pipe line serves to convey an immense electrical energy supplying light, heat, and power for Ogden and Salt Lake City. The city has valuable natural advantages from its location in a productive agricultural, fruit-growing, and mineral region. An important railroad junction, it controls large commercial interests in an export trade in beet sugar, canned goods, grain, and fruit, and as a distributing centre for the surrounding country. Its industrial enterprises, also important, are represented by woolen mills, canning works, brick and tile works, a broom factory, pickle works, etc. Ogden was founded in 1848, was laid out as a city under the direction of Brigham Young in 1850, and was chartered in 1851. The original charter previously governing the city, dated 1861, was repealed by the Legislature of 1898, which enacted a general law for the government of cities and towns of the State. Under this statute, Ogden is governed by a mayor, elected every two years, a unicameral council, and administrative officials, of whom the clerk, auditor, treasurer, attorney, and police justice are chosen by popular vote, and all others appointed by the executive, subject to the consent of the council. Population, in 1890, 14,889; in 1900, 16,313.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ohio Company

See also Ohio Company and Ohio Company of Associates on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ OHIO COMPANY. In American history, the name applied to two companies organized for the purpose of exploiting and making settlements in the Ohio Valley. The first was an association of prominent Virginia planters and some London merchants, and was organized in 1749. It received from George II. a grant of 500,000 acres of land lying chiefly south of the Ohio River, in what is now West Virginia. Thomas Lee, president of the Virginia Council, was the originator of the scheme, and Lawrence Washington, a brother of George Washington, was one of the leading members. In 1772 the Walpole Company secured from the King a grant of the whole territory southeast of the Ohio from the Pennsylvania boundary to a point opposite the mouth of the Scioto. The Ohio Company now became merged in the Walpole Company. A second company, known as the ‘Ohio Company of Associates,’ was formed at Boston in March, 1786, by officers and soldiers, chiefly of the Massachusetts, Connecticut, and Rhode Island lines, for the purchase and settlement of Western lands. Gen. Rufus Putnam, Samuel H. Parsons, and Manasseh Cutler were chosen as directors, and the lands selected for purchase lay along the Ohio River on both sides of the Muskingum. After considerable delay the company secured a grant upon favorable terms from Congress and the contract was formally signed in October, 1787, by the Treasury Board of Congress and by Dr. Cutler and Winthrop Sargent, acting as agents of the Ohio Company. In December, several companies of surveyors, carpenters, smiths, farmers, and others, under the leadership of General Putnam, emigrated to the new territory, arriving in April, 1788. Opposite Fort Harmer they laid out a town which was named Marietta in honor of the French Queen, Marie Antoinette. Consult: King, History of Ohio (Boston, 1888); and McMaster, History of the People of the United States, vol i. (New York, 1883). See Ohio.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Oettingen, Alexander von

Edition of 1905. See also Alexander von Oettingen on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
OETTINGEN, ẽ′tīng-en, Alexander von (1827—). A German theologian. He was born at Vissust, near Dorpat, and studied at Erlangen, Bonn, and Berlin. From 1854 to 1891 he was professor of theology at Dorpat. He published, among many other theological treatises, Die Moralische und die christliche Sittenlehre (1868-74), which is his chief work; Wahre und falsche Autorität (1878); and Theorie und Praxis des Heiratens (1892).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ohio State University

See also Ohio State University on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY. A coeducational State institution at Columbus, Ohio, founded in 1870 as the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, and opened in 1873. The present name was assumed in 1878. The original endowment provided by the Land Act of 1862 has been supplemented by a permanent annual grant from the United States under an act of 1890, by special appropriations of the General Assembly, and by a permanent annual State grant made in 1891 and doubled in 1896. The university is organized in six colleges: Arts, philosophy, and science; agriculture and domestic science; engineering; law; pharmacy; veterinary science. Admission to the college is by certificate from accredited institutions or after examination in five groups of studies—English, history, mathematics, science, and foreign languages. The entire work of the college is arranged on the group and elective systems. It confers the bachelor's degree in course in the various departments, and the engineer's, master's, and doctor's degrees for advanced work. Military instruction and the wearing of a uniform are required of the students. The attendance in 1903 was 1717, distributed as follows: Arts, 527; engineering, 662; law, 166; agriculture, 243; pharmacy, 40; veterinary medicine, 94. The faculty numbers 133. The library contains 44,523 volumes. The university grounds consist of 345 acres, of which 235 are devoted to agricultural and horticultural purposes. A laboratory is maintained at Sandusky for summer work. The value of the property under the control of the university in 1903 was $2,850,000, the grounds and buildings being valued at $2,500,000. The total endowment was $569,876, and the income $545,909.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Oetinger, Friedrich Christoph

Edition of 1905. See also Friedrich Christoph Oetinger on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
OETINGER, ẽ'tĭng-ẽr, Friedrich Christoph (1702-82). A German theologian. He was born
at Güppingen, in Württemberg, and studied at the University of Tübingen, where he devoted himself to the philosophy of Leibnitz and Wolf. He also became intimate with Bengel, Francke, Spangenberg, and Zinzendorf. After traveling extensively he was appointed reader of theology in the University of Halle. In 1738 he was appointed pastor at Hirschau and became the leader of the Pietists in that part of Germany. About this time he became an earnest student of the writings of the mystic Bohme, and also an ardent disciple of Emanuel Swedenborg, some of whose writings he translated into German. In 1765 he published a treatise entitled Earthly and Heavenly Philosophy, which, with his translation of the works of Swedenborg, brought upon him the reprehension of his ecclesiastical superiors. Yet he was protected by the Duke of Württemberg, and was nominated to the superintendence of the churches in the district of Weinsberg, afterwards in that of Herrenberg, and subsequently appointed prelate at Murrhardt. His works, about seventy in number, were edited by Ehmann (11 vols., Stuttgart, 1858-63), and his autobiography by Hamberger (ib.. 1845). Consult his Life by Ehmann (Stuttgart, 1859), and Auberlen, Die Theosophie F. C. Oetingers nach ihren Grundzügen (Tübingen, 1847).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ogyges

See also Ogyges on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​OGY′GES, or OGYGUS (Lat., from Gk. Ὠγύγης, Ōgygēs, Ὤγυγος, Ōgygos). In Theban legend, one of the early kings of Bœotia, the son or grandson of Poseidon. In his reign a great flood took place in Bœotia, which destroyed cities on Lake Copais. His name was borne by one of the seven gates of Thebes, near which his grave was said to be. Later systematizing chronicles introduced Ogyges to Athenian legend, as King of Eleusis or even first King of Athens, while others transferred him to Egyptian Thebes. Whatever the origin of the name, there is much to show that Ogyges was originally the name in Bœotia of a sea-god like Poseidon.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ohio State Archæological and Historical Society

See also Ohio History Connection on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ OHIO STATE ARCHÆOLOGICAL AND HISTORICAL SOCIETY. A learned society, founded in 1875 as the Ohio Archæological Society, and reorganized and incorporated under its present name in 1885. Its object is to promote a knowledge of archæology and history, especially as relating to the State of Ohio, through the maintenance of a library and a museum, open to the public, as well as by courses of lectures and the publication of books dealing with subjects within its scope. The society is officially recognized by the State Legislature from which it receives an annual appropriation for the prosecution of its work. The membership is divided into four classes known as active members, life members, corresponding members, and honorary members. The regular annual meeting of the society is held during the month of February in the city of Columbus, unless some other meeting place be designated by the executive committee. The society issues an annual volume of Publications (11 vols. 1887-1902).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Ogygia

See also Ogygia on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​OGYG′IA (Lat., from Gk. Ὠγυγίη, Ōgygiē). In Homer, the mythical island of Calypso, where she detained Odysseus. The word is originally an adjective, and describes the island as belonging to the sea-god Ogyges, whether identified with Oceanus or Poseidon. Later commentators tried to localize the island near Crete or Italy; in Homer its location is wholly indeterminate in the far West.
# The Plowman's Tale/Prologue

Here beginneth the Plowmans Prologue.
From Thynne (ed. 1542). I give rejected spellings.
1. Ploweman; plowe. 3. eate ynowe. 4. lyge; chynne. 5. cowe. 6. bone; skynne. 7. shoke; drowe. 8. honge; pynne. 9. toke; tabarde; staffe. 12. pylgremage; platte. 13. bare. 14. forswatte. 15. sene. 17. behelde wele. 18. sawe. 19. knewe; snoute. 23. coulde; loute.
# The Plutocrat (Tarkington)

Books by Booth Tarkington
Alice Adams
Beasley's Christmas Party
Beauty and the Jacobin
Cherry
Conquest of Canaan
Gentle Julia
Harlequin and Columbine
His Own People
In the Arena
Looking Forward and Others
Monsieur Beaucaire
Penrod
Penrod and Sam
Ramsey Milholland
Seventeen
The Beautiful Lady
The Fascinating Stranger and Other Stories
The Flirt
The Gentleman From Indiana
The Guest of Quesnay
The Magnificent Ambersons
The Man From Home
The Midlander
The Plutocrat
The Turmoil
The Two Vanrevels
Women
The Plutocrat
A Novel
By Booth Tarkington
Garden CityNew York Doubleday, Page & Company 1927
Copyright, 1927, by Doubleday, Page & Company. Copyright, 1926, by the Curtis Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States at the Country Life Press, Garden City, N. Y.
First edition
To S. K. T.
* Chapter 1
* Chapter 2
* Chapter 3
* Chapter 4
* Chapter 5
* Chapter 6
* Chapter 7
* Chapter 8
* Chapter 9
* Chapter 10
* Chapter 11
* Chapter 12
* Chapter 13
* Chapter 14
* Chapter 15
* Chapter 16
* Chapter 17
* Chapter 18
* Chapter 19
* Chapter 20
* Chapter 21
* Chapter 22
* Chapter 23
* Chapter 24
* Chapter 25
* Chapter 26
* Chapter 27
* Chapter 28
* Chapter 29
* Chapter 30
* Chapter 31
* Chapter 32
* Chapter 33
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1946, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 77 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hillis, Newell Dwight

See also Newell Dwight Hillis on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hill′is, Newell Dwight, the pastor of Plymouth Church, Brooklyn, was born in 1858 in Iowa. He is the author of a number of religious and social writings, including The Investment of Influence; The Influence of Christ in Modern Life; Success Through Self-Help and Building a Working Faith.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hercules, Pillars of

See also the disclaimer.
​Hercules, Pillars of. See Gibralter.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hillsboro, Texas

See also Hillsboro, Texas on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hills′boro, Texas, county-seat of Hill County, is located in a fine agricultural section. Among its industries are the machine-shops of the M. K. and T., a cotton-mill and compress, a cotton-seed oil mill, tannery, grain-elevator, flour-mill, ice-factory etc. The city has ten churches, an admirable public school system, a twenty thousand dollar high school and a fine courthouse. Hillsboro has pure artesian water and an electric light plant, and owns its waterworks and sewerage system. It has the service of four railroads and a population of 6,115.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Herkimer, Nicholas

See also Nicholas Herkimer on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Her'kimer, Nicholas, an intrepid soldier of the Revolution, was born in New York state about 1715 of German parents. His life was spent on a farm, with few educational advantages, until the call to arms. He fought with daring, leading an expedition successfully against Sir John Johnson's force in 1776. He then marched to the relief of Fort Schuyler, and during the siege was wounded in the leg. A careless operation cost the soldier his life. He died in August, 1777. A monument to the hero of Oriskany has been erected on the battlefield, chiefly through the instrumentality of the Oneida Historical Society.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Herder, Johann Gottfried von

See also Johann Gottfried Herder on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Her'der, Johann Gottfried von, one of the profoundest of German writers, equally well-known as philosopher, theologian and critic, was born on Aug. 25, 1744. He was essentially a poet of and for the people, translating legends and songs from Arabian, Spanish and old German poets, besides being a writer on all topics of deep and independent thinking. His greatest work, although left incomplete, was Outlines of a Philosophy of a History of Man. He died at Weimar, Dec. 18, 1803. See H. Nevinson's Herder and His Times.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Here

See also the disclaimer.
​Here. See Hera and Juno.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hoang-Ho

See also Yellow River on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hoang-Ho (whang′ hō) or Hwang-Ho, Yellow River, or simply Ho, is 2,600 miles long and one of the principal rivers of China. It rises in Kokoncr, and pursues a very winding course, until it issues into the Gulf of Pe-chi-li. It is said to have changed its course nine times in the last 2,500 years, and often overflows its banks and artificial embankments; the last time in 1887, when it destroyed millions of lives. For this reason it is called China's Sorrow.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hercules

See also Hercules on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hercules (hẽr'kū́-lēz), the son of Zeus and Alcmene of Thebes. Incurring the wrath of Hera, the wife of Zeus, he was made to serve Eurystheus, who enjoined upon him the performance of many difficult tasks. Thus he became to the Greeks the type of manly strength and manly endurance. The poets differ as to the number and character of the tasks set before him, but they are generally supposed to have been twelve, called the twelve labors of Hercules. The manner of his death is uncertain, although the story was that the poisoned robe of Nessus sent him by his wife so crazed him that he threw himself upon the funeral pyre of Mt. Œta, and was carried to Olympus, the heaven of the Greeks.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hoar, George Frisbie

See also George Frisbie Hoar on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hoar, George Frisbie, an American lawyer and statesman, was born at Concord, GEORGE F. HOAR Mass., Aug. 29, 1826. He was educated at Harvard and admitted to the bar in 1849. In 1869 he was elected a representative in Congress from Massachusetts, and to each subsequent Congress until 1877, when he was elected to the United States senate, to which he was re-elected in 1883, 1889, 1895 and 1901. He was presiding officer of the national Republican convention of 1880. His long career was marked by broad patriotism and conspicuous ability in the discussion and solution of important public question. He died on September 30, 1904.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hobart, Garret Augustus

See also Garret Hobart on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Ho′bart, Garret Augustus, an American lawyer and public man, was born at Long Branch, N. J., in 1844. He graduated from Rutgers College, and studied law, beginning the practice of his profession at Paterson, N. J., where he permanently resided. In addition to his profession, he engaged in enterprises of a commercial nature, as water-companies, manufactures and railways. He was a Republican in politics, and served in the legislature of New Jersey, both as speaker of the house and as president of the senate. In 1896 he was elected vice-president of the United States on the Republican ticket with Mr. McKinley. He died while vice-president, at Paterson, N. J., Nov. 21, 1899.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hobbema, Meindert

See also Meindert Hobbema on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hob′bema, Meindert, a Dutch landscape-painter, was born in 1638, probably at Amsterdam, and became one of the foremost landscape-painters. He died in poverty, at Amsterdam, in December, 1709. One hundred and forty-two of his works have been catalogued, and they command high prices, a small landscape selling for $20,000. The Avenue Middelharnis, Holland, in the National Gallery at London, is a fine example of his work.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Homer

See also Homer on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Ho′mer, the greatest name in epic poetry, has come down to us as, unfortunately, little better than a name, and many theories of the origin of the Homeric poetry hardly leave us even the name. The traditions agree in making Homer an Asiatic Greek, probably born at Smyrna about 850 B. C. He is represented as blind and as reciting his poems from place to place. All scholars agree that the poems were not written, but handed down from memory, as there is little evidence that in Greece writing was practiced at so early a period. One theory of their authorship is that they are the work or compilation of a company of poets or Homeric guild, who composed, collected and handed down in this form these legends of early history. The Iliad and the Odyssey are sometimes referred also to different writers and sometimes to early and later periods of Homer's genius. They are the greatest epics of any age; the Iliad is called the “beginning of literature.” Tennyson called Homer “the Ionian father of the rest.” The Trojan War is the event celebrated, and the story, if not strictly historical, is based on the real life of the people. The poems of Homer have been translated into all the languages of Europe, among the best English translations being those of Pope, Bryant, Butcher, Lang and Palmer. “You have given us a very pretty poem, Mr. Pope, but it is not Homer,” said Evelyn or Pepys. See Studies on Homer by Gladstone and Lectures on the Translation of Homer by Matthew Arnold.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Homer, Winslow

See also Winslow Homer on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Homer, Winslow, an American artist, was born at Boston, Feb. 24, 1838. He obtained notice by two pictures entitled Home, Sweet Home and The Last Goose at Yuletown. He pursued his studies in Paris, and won recognition as an artist of originality. Among his pictures are Prisoners from the Front; Eating Watermelon; Flowers for the Teacher; and three marine paintings: Northeaster; Stormbeaten; and Wood's Island by Moonlight. The last gained the medal of honor at the exhibition of the Academy of Fine Arts at Philadelphia in 1896. His other successful work includes among genre subjects Cotton Pickers, A Visit from the Old Mistress and, in marines, The Life Line, Launching the Boat and The Maine Coast, the latter a remarkably fine production.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Hoar, Ebenezer Rockwood

See also Ebenezer R. Hoar on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Hoar, Ebenezer Rockwood (1816-1895), a Republican politician and eminent jurist of the United States, was attorney-general of the United States in 1869-70 and a member of Congress during 1873-75. He sat upon the commission which in 1871 framed the treaty of Washington. It was he who raised the attorney-general's department to the rank of the modern department of justice.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Homestead, Pa.

See also Homestead, Pennsylvania on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Homestead, Pa., a manufacturing borough in Allegheny County, on the Monongahela River, seven miles southeast of Pittsburg and on the Pennsylvania and Pittsburg and Lake Erie railroads. It is the focus of extensive iron, steel, glass and firebrick works and foundry products, its chief establishment being the mammoth steel-manufacturing plant of the U. S. Steel Corporation. Here, in the summer of 1892, there was a menacing industrial ​outbreak which necessitated the calling out of the National Guard of the state to suppress it. Population 18,713.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Homestead Laws

See also Homestead Acts and Homestead exemption on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
​Home′stead Laws refer, in the United States, not to homes in general, but to family residences which are held under certain definite statutes and obligations. The purpose of these restrictions is to preserve the home as far as possible from falling entirely into the hands of creditors. The homestead laws, which are passed not by the state legislature but by the federal government, are directed rather towards encouraging the closer settlement of rural districts by means of grants of the public land made upon easy terms. The first federal act of this kind was passed in 1862; and since this time some 90,000,000 acres of the public lands have been divided for homesteads. Heads of families, or American citizens over 21 years of age, may be granted as much as 160 acres of public land on condition that the holder should agree to live upon it for five years, make certain improvements, and pay certain small registration fees. It seems to be historically true that the stoutest backbone which a nation can have consists of a large body of small landholders.
Although almost all the states have laws to exempt portions of the homestead property from being seized by creditors, it is not intended that these exceptions shall overthrow the rights of creditors according to the common law. The courts have a good deal of freedom, being allowed to decide according to the spirit and purpose of the homestead laws and the common law. The amount of property which may be exempted commonly varies from 80 to 160 acres of land, and from $1,000 to $2,000 worth of improvements and personal property.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Homospory

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​Homos′pory (in plants), a term which implies that the asexual spores produced by a plant are similar. All plants except spermatophytes (seed plants) and some pteridophytes (fern plants) are homosporous. Isospory is a synonym, and heterospory is the contrasting term, which see.