# Insects, Their Ways and Means of Living/Index

INDEX
A
* Acrididae, 28
* Aëdes, adult, 338
    larva, 339
    pupa, 339
* Aëdes aegypti, 331, 339, 340
    carrier of yellow lever, 339
* Aesop and the cicada, 183
* Agile meadow grasshopper, 53
* Alimentary canal, 109
* Amblycorypha oblongifolia, 39
    habits, 40
    song, 41
* Âme collective, 143
* American cockroach, 79
* Anabrus simplex, 54
* Ancient insects, 77
* Angular-winged katydids, 41-43
* Annual cicadas, 184
    song, 184
* Anopheles, 331, 340
    punctipennis, see Malaria mosquitoes
* Antennae, 12
* Aphids, 152
    apple, 157, 162
    birth, 164
    cornicles, 174
    eggs, 157
    feeding, 153
    garden, 171, 172
    hatching, 159-161
    mouth parts, 153
    parasites, 178
    predators, 175
    stem mothers, 162
    wing production, 164-166
    young, 162
* Aphis, 153
    apple-grain, 170
    green apple, 162
    rosy apple, 168
* Aphis-lion, 176
* Arthropoda, 26
* Asilidae, 324
* Australian cockroach, 79
B
* Beetles, blister, 22-25
    lady, 175, 230
    May, 230
    young, 237
* Behavior, 126
* Black cricket, 60
    in New England, 60
    rivalry of males, 62
    song, 60-63
* Black-horned tree cricket, 67
    antennal marks, 67
    attraction of female by male, 68, 69
    song, 68
* Blatella germanica, see German roach
* Blood of insects, 112
* Blowflies, 352
* Botflies, 352
* Brain, 117, 118
* Broad-winged tree cricket, 65
    antennal marks, 67
    song, 64
* Bush crickets, 69
    song, 70
* Bush katydids, 38
    song, 39 ​
C
* Camel crickets, 55
* Cantharidin, 23
* Carboniferous dragonflies, 95
    insects, 86, 89, 90
    plants, 87, 88
* Caterpillar, 262
    alimentary canal, 289, 290
    celery, 229
    jaws, 286
    life, 262
    nature, 228
    silk glands, 287
       press, 288
    spinneret, 286
    spinning of cocoon, 282, 283
    structure, 237
    tent, 262-293
    transformation to moth, 293-305
* Caterpillar and moth, 262
* Cecropia moth, 228, 229
* Cellulose, digestion of, by termites, 137
* Chitin 256
Chloealtis conspersa, 30
    musical apparatus, 30
    song, 30, 31
* Chrysalides, 251
* Cicadas, 182
    annual, 184
    periodical, 184-225
* Cicadidae, 182
* Circotettix carlingianus, 32
    verruculatus, 32
* Cockroaches, 79
* Collembola, 247
* Common meadow grasshopper, 52
    song, 53
* Coneheads, 50
* Conocephalus fasciatus, 54
    song, 54
* Corn-root aphis, 172
* Coulee cricket, 54
* Cricket family, 55
* Crickets, 55
    bush, 69
    camel, 55
    European, 55
    field, 58
    foot, 55
    mole, 58
    musical organs, 56, 57
    tree, 63
* Croton bug, see German roach
* Culex, 331
    eggs, 331
    food, 337, 338
    larva, 331
    male and female, 335
    mouth parts, 335-337
D
* Deer flies, 320
* Diapheromera femorata, 71
* Digestion, 110
* Diptera, 315
* Double soma, 304
* Dragonflies, 95
    adult, 233
    Carboniferous, 95
    young, 233
E
* Ears of grasshoppers, 30
    of katydids, 36
* Egg laying of cicada, 212
* Eggs of aphids, 157, 158
    of cicada, 212
       Culex mosquito, 331
       grasshopper, 5, 6, 7
       house fly, 343
       roaches, 80, 81
       tent caterpillar, 262
* Enzymes, 111
* Epicauta vittata, 22
* European house cricket, 55 ​
F
* Fat-body, 260, 292
* Field crickets, 58
* Flies, 314
    horn fly, 348
    horsefly, 320-324
* house fly, 342-347
    in general, 315
    larva, 325
    pupa, 327
    stable fly, 348, 350
    tsetse fly, 348
    young, 231
* Food exchange by termites, 144
* Foot of cricket, 55
    of grasshopper, 32
       katydid, 32
* Fork-tailed bush katydid, 39
    song, 39
* Four-spotted tree cricket, 67
G
* Gadflies, 320
* Ganglia, 118
* Garden aphids, I71, 172
* Genus, defined, 27
* German roach, 79
    egg case, 81
    hatching, 81, 82
* Germ cells, 100, 103, 124, 304
* Glossina, see Tsetse fly
    palpalis, 350
    morsitans, 350
* Grasshopper, 1
    adults, 17
    cousins, 26
    definition, 2
    destruction of eggs by blister beetles, 23, 24
    devastation by, 18
    ears, 30
    egg laying, 4, 5
    egg-pod, 5
    eggs, 6, 7
* Grasshopper, growth, 13, 14
    hatching, 8, 9
    head, 12
    males and females, 3
    migration, 18
    molting, 14-16
    ovipositor, 4
    parasite, 19, 20
    songs, 30, 31
    spiracles, 13
    wings, 29
    young, 1, 8, 11
* Grasshopper family, 28
* Grasshopper's cousins, 26
* Green apple aphis, 162-168
* Green bugs, 152
* Gryllus, 58, 60
    assimilis, see Black cricket
    domesticus, 55, 60
H
* Handsome meadow grasshopper, 54
    song, 54
* Halteres, 319
* Heart, 112
* Hexapoda, see Insecta
* Histoblast, 259
* Histogenesis, 260
* Histolysis, 259
* Honey dew, 155
* Hormones, 119
* Horsefly, 320
    larva, 325
    mouth parts, 321-323
    pupa, 325
    sucking pump, 322
* House centipede, 82, 83
* House fly, 342
    breeding places, 343
    eggs, 343
    larva, 343
    mode of feeding, 346
    mouth parts, 345, 346 ​
* House fly, pupa, 345
    puparium, 344
    unsanitary habits, 347
* Hypermetamorphosis, 250
* Hyperparasite, 181
* Hypopharynx, 108
I
* Imaginal discs, 259
* Imago, defined, 259
* Insecta, 28
* Intestine, 110
J
* Jumping bush cricket, 69
    song, 70
* June bugs, 230
K
* Katydid, 43
    habits, 46
    musical instruments, 47, 48
    song, 44, 48, 49
    true, 43
* Katydid family, 32
* Katydids, 32
    angular-winged, 41
    bush, 38
    ears, 36
    musical instruments, 34-36
    round-headed, 37
    song, 33, 34
    young, 11
* King termite, 134
L
* Labium, 108
* Labrum, 108
* Lady-beetles, 175, 230
* Ladybird beetles, 175, 230
* Larva, characters, 246
    definition, 245
    nature, 249
    of Aëdes, 339
       Anopheles, 340, 341
* Larva of Culex, 331, 332, 333
    of files, 325
       house fly, 343
       mosquitoes, 329
       wasps and bees, 252
* Leaf insect, 71, 72, 73
* Legs of insects, 107
* Lepisma, 93
* Life of a caterpillar, 262
* Locustidae, 32
* Locusts, 2
    seventeen-year, 182
* Luna moth, 228, 230
M
* Machilis, 93
* Maggots, 252
* Malacosoma americana, see Tent caterpillar
* Malaria mosquitoes, 340
    adult, 340
    eggs, 340
    larva, 340, 341
    pupa, 341
* Malaria parasite, 342
* Malpighian tubules, 116
* Mandibles, 107
* Mantids, 73
* Mantis, praying, 73-76
    eggs, 75, 76
* Maxillae, 108
* May beetles, 230
* Mayfly, 96
* Meadow grasshoppers, 52-54
* Mecostethus gracilis, 31
* Metabolism of pupa, 260
* Metamorphosis, 14, 226
    complete, 245
    defined, 227
    diagram, 243
    incomplete, 245
    of tent caterpillar, 297, 299-304
* Microcentrum retinerve, 41, 43
    song, 43 ​Microcentrum rhombifolium, 41, 42, 43
    song, 41, 42, 43
* Mole cricket, 58
    song, 58
* Molting of grasshopper, 14, 16
* Mormon cricket, 54
* Mosquitoes, 329
    adult, 330 335, 338
    Aëdes, 331
    Anopheles, 331, 340
    common, 331
    Culex, 331
    larvae, 329
    malaria, 331, 340
* Stegomyia, 338
    yellow lever, 338
    young, 239
* Moth of tent caterpillar, 305
    characters, 306, 307
    egg laying, 312
    emergence from pupa, 305, 306
    mouth parts, 306, 307
    proboscis, 307, 308
    reproductive organs, 311
* Moths, Cecropia, 228
    celery, 229
    Luna, 228, 230
    Promethea, 228
    tent caterpillar, 305
* Mouth parts, 12, 107
* Musca domestica, see House fly
* Muscidae, 342
* Musical instruments of cicada, 207-209
    of crickets, 56, 57
       grasshoppers, 30, 31
       insects, 33, 34
       katydids, 34, 35, 36
* Myiasis, 352
N
* Nagana, 349
* Narrow-winged tree cricket, 66, 67
* Narrow-winged tree cricket, antennal marks, 66, 67
    song, 67
* Nemobius vittatus, 58
    song, 58, 59
* Neoconocephalus ensiger, 50
       song, 51
    retusus, 50
    robustus, 51
       song, 51
* Neocurtilla hexadactyla, 57
* Neoxabia bipunctata, 69
* Nervous system, 117
* Nymph, defined, 245
O
* Oecanthus angustipennis, see Narrow-winged tree cricket
    latipennis, see Broad-winged tree cricket
    nigricornis, see Black-horned tree cricket
    nigricornis quadripunctatus, 68
    niveus, see Snowy tree cricket
* Oesophagus, 110
* Orchelimum agile, 53
    laticauda, 54
    vulgare, 52, 53
* Oriental roach, 79, 80
* Origin of insect wings, 91, 92
* Orocharis saltator, 70
* Ovaries, 122
* Ovipositor, 4, 123
* Ox warble, 352
P
* Paleodictyoptera, 90, 92
* Parasites, defined, 179
    of aphids, 177-179
       grasshopper, 19, 20
* Parthenogenesis, 162
* Periodical cicada, 182
    abdomen, 205
    adults, 119 ​
* Periodical cicada, air chamber, 205
    broods, 215-217
    death of adults, 214
    digging methods, 190, 191
    egg laying, 212-214
    eggs, 212, 219
    food, 200
    front leg of nymph, 190
    hatching of eggs, 217-223
    head of adult, 201
    huts, turrets, 192
    mouth parts, 201-205
    musical instruments, 199, 207-212
    nymphal chambers, 187-189
       stages, 186, 187
    nymphs, 185-193, 223-225
    ovipositor, 199
    races, 215
    salivary pump, 204
    song of large variety, 210, 211
       of small variety, 211, 212
    sucking mechanism, 203
    transformation, 193-199
    two varieties, 199
    young nymphs, 223-225
* Phagocytes, 259, 301
* Phaneroptera, 38
* Pharynx, 110
* Phylloxera, 172
* Phylum, 26
* Physiology of tent caterpillar, 283
* Plant lice, 152
* Plasmodium, 342
* Proboscis of moth, 307, 308
* Promethea moth, 228, 229
* Propupa of tent caterpillar, 296-298
* Protoplasm, 100
* Pterophylla camellifolia, see Katydid
* Pupa, 250, 253, 254
    added stage in metamorphosis, 254
* Pupa, definition, 245
    of flies, 327
       house fly, 345
       mosquitoes, 334, 339, 341
       tent caterpillar, 298
    reason for, 257
* Puparium, 252
    of house fly, 344
Q
R
* Rat-tailed maggot, 327
* Reproduction, 102
* Reproductive organs, 122
* Respiration, 114
* Reticulitermes, 136
    life history, 136-141
* Rhadophorinae, 55
* Roaches, 77, 80
    and other ancient insects, 77
    eggs, 80, 81
* Robber flies, 324
* Rocky Mountain locust, 17, 18, 19
* Rosy apple aphis, 158-17
* Round-headed katydids, 37
    Amblycorypha oblongifolia, 39
    angular-winged, 41
    fork-tailed bush, 39
    Microcentrum, 41, 43
    Phaneroptera, 38
    Scudderia, 38, 39
S
* Sarcophaga kellyi, 19-21
* Scudderia, 38
    furcata, see Fork-tailed bush katydid
* Segments of body, 12
* Sense organs, 121 ​
* Seventeen-year locust, see Periodical cicada
* Shield-bearers, 54
* Sleeping sickness, 349
* Slender meadow grasshopper, 54
* Snowy tree cricket, 65
    antennal marks, 66
    musical instruments, 57
    song, 66
* Soldiers of termites, 131
* Soma, 104, 304
* Somatic cells, 104
* Song of insects, 33, 34
    of cicada, 210-212
       crickets, 58, 60, 62-70
       grasshoppers, 30, 31
       katydids, 39, 41, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 49, 51, 53, 54
* Spiracles, 13, 114
* Spirochetes, 340
* Stagmomantis carolina, 73
* Stimulus, 106
* Stomach, 109
* Stridulation, 33
* Striped ground cricket, 58-60
    song, 58, 59
* Syrphid flies, 177
    larvae feeding on aphids, 176, 177
* Sword-bearing conehead, 50
    song, 51
T
* Tabanidac, 320
* Tent caterpillar, 262
    behavior on leafless tree, 278, 279
    cocoon, 282
    egg, 263
    egg mass, 263, 264
    epidermis, 295
    fat-body, 292
    feeding habits, 270 272 273, 276
* Tent caterpillar, general external form, 285, 286
    head, 284, 285
    internal organs, 289-291
    jaws, 286
    jumping from trees, 280, 281
    manner of feeding, 277
    metamorphosis, 293
    molts, 275
    moth, 305
    newly-hatched, 265
    prepupal stage, 295
    propupa, 296, 297
    pupa, 298
    silk glands, 286
       press, 288
    spinneret, 286
    spinning cocoon, 282, 283
    structure and physiology, 283
    tents, 270
    weaving tent, 272, 273
    young, 262
       in egg, 312, 313
* Termites, 125
* Âme collective, 143
    castes, 131, 141, 142
    community life, 134
    destruction by, 129
    digestion of cellulose, 137
    egg laying, 150, 151
    food exchange, 144
    fungus grown for food, 148
    king, 134
    life history, 136-141
    males and females, 133
    nests aboveground, 148
       in trees, 148
       underground, 147
    queen, 134, 149
    Reticulitermes, 136
    short-winged form, 133, 140
    soldiers, 131
    tropical termites, 146
    winged form, 133 ​
* Termites, wingless males and females, 140
    workers, 131
    young, 136
* Testes, 122
* Tettigoniidae, 32
* Thorax, 12
* Thysanura, 247
* Tracheae, 114
* Tree crickets, 63
    antennal marks, 66, 67
    attraction of males for females, 68, 69
    black-horned, 67
    broad-winged, 65
    four-spotted, 67
    musical organs, 56, 57
    narrow-winged, 67
    Neoxabia, 69
    Oecanthus, 65-68
    snowy, 65
    song, 65, 66, 67
    two-spotted, 69
* Triungulins, 23
* Tropisms, 121
* True katydid, 43
* Trypanosoma, 349
* Tsetse fly, 348, 349, 350
    mouth parts, 350, 351
* Two-spotted tree cricket, 69
    song, 69
W
* Walking stick, 72
* Walking stick insects, 71
* Wasps and bees, larvae, 230, 238, 252
* Ways and means of living, 99
* White ants, 128
* White grubs, 230
* Wings, 83, 84
    evolution, 315
    of bees, 319
       beetles, 318
       butterflies and moths, 318
       dragonflies, 316
       flies, 319
       grasshoppers, 318
       roaches, 83, 84, 318
       termites, 146, 316
       wasps, 319
    origin, 91, 92
* Wigglers, 230, 329
* Woolly aphis, 172
X
Y
* Yellow fever, 339
* Yellow fever mosquito, 331, 339, 340