OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Modeste Demers

From volume 4 of the work.
An apostle of the Pacific Coast of North America, and the first Catholic missionary among most of the Indian tribes of Oregon, Washington, and British Columbia; born at St. Nicholas, Quebec, 11 Oct., 1809; died at Victoria, B. C., 21 July, 1871. His father, Michel Demers, and his mother, Rosalie Foucher were two worthy representatives of the French Canadian farmer class. Endowed with a delicate conscience and a distinctly religious disposition, young Demers resolved to enter the ecclesiastical state, and studied first privately and then at the seminary of Quebec. He was ordained 7 Feb., 1836, by Bishop Signay, and after fourteen months passed as assistant priest at Trois-Pistoles, he volunteered for the far-off mission of Oregon, where the white population, made up mostly of French Canadian employés of the Hudson Bay Company, was clamouring for the ministrations of a priest. Having crossed the American continent in the company of the Rev. F. N. Blanchet, his superior, he reached Walla-Walla, on the lower Columbia, 18 Nov., 1838, and immediately applied himself to the care of the lowliest, that is the Indian tribes, which were then very numerous and not any too meek. He studied their languages and visited their homes regularly, preaching, catechizing the adults, and baptizing the children, especially those whose habitat lay to the north of the Columbia. His apostolic zeal even led him on along the coast of British Columbia, and in 1842 he proceeded inland as far north as Stuart Lake, evangelizing as he went all the interior tribes of that province.
His companion, the Rev. F.N. Blanchet, having been elevated to the episcopate, Demers had to submit to what he considered a burden beyond his strength. He was consecrated bishop on 30 Nov., 1847, and appointed to the spiritual care of Vancouver Island, making the incipient town of Victoria his headquarters. As a bishop he continued his favourite work among the Indians, though he soon had to give his best attention to the rough and cosmopolitan element which now formed his white flock. For its benefit he procured in 1858 the services of the Sisters of St. Anne, who established schools at Victoria and elsewhere, and of the Oblate Fathers, who took in hand the evangelization of the natives and also founded a college in his cathedral city. In 1866 he assisted at the Second Plenary Council of Baltimore, and shortly afterwards he was one of the fathers of the cumenical Council of the Vatican. He died soon after his return, beloved alike by Protestants and Catholics, and revered for his gentleness and his apostolic zeal on behalf of the poor and lowly.
Historical Sketches of the Catholic Church in Oregon (Portland, 1878); PAQUET, Fragments de l'histoire de la paroisse de Saint-Nicolas (Lévis, 1894).
A. G. Morice.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Modesto Lafuente y Zamalloa

From volume 8 of the work.
Spanish critic and historian, b. at Ravanal de los Caballeros, 1 May, 1806; d. at Madrid, 25 Oetober, 1866. He received his early education in his native town, but later took courses at the Universities of Santiago, Astorga, and Valladolid, receiving at the last institution the degree of Bachelor of Theology in 1832. He was appointed to the chair of philosophy and later to that of theology at the University of Astoria, but he remained only a short time, for he decided to devote himself to journalism. He moved to Madrid where he published with success a critical and satirical newspaper under the title of "Fray Gerundio", a name which, according to Ferrer del Rio, he borrowed from the work of Father Isla. Under the pseudonyms of Fray Gerundio and Tirabeque, he wrote many capilladas or essays on a great variety of subjects, including the political questions of the day. His articles became so popular that it was not long before his paper was read in every corner of Spain. Lafuente's chief work, however, and the one by which he is best known, is his "Historia general de España", which he published in Madrid (1850-1869, 30 vols.). A second edition (13 vols.) was published in 1874-1875. Among his other works may be mentioned his "Teatro social del siglo XIX" (1846), dealing with the manners and customs of the day; "Viaje aerostático del Fray Gerundio y Tirabeque". The latter is divided into two parts, the first being a review of aerial navigation, and the second, a satire on the political situation in Europe. The important events of 1848 caused him to write his "Revista Europea" which he published as a periodical for about one year. His works are all written in an easy, flowing, popular style.
FERRER DEL RIO in LAFUENTE Y ZAMALLOA, Historia general de Espana (Madrid, 1874-75).
VENTURA FUENTES
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Modra

From volume 10 of the work.
A titular see of Bithynia Secunda, suffragan of Nicæa. The city of Modra figures only in Strabo (XII, 543), who places it in Phrygia Epicteta, at the sources of the Gallus. It was probably situated at or near Aine Gueul, in the vilayet of Broussa. The region is called Medrena by Theophanes the Chronographer and Constantine Porphyrogenitus (De themat., vi). Several "Notitiæ episcopatuum" mention the See of Medrena, or Mela. The name of this second place is also written Melina, and was called for a time Justinianopolis Nova in honour of Justinian. As from the twelfth century we find only Melagina, Melangeia, or Melania, it is evident that the earlier Mela is the Malagina often mentioned by Byzantine historians as the first large station of the imperial armies in Asia Minor on the road from Constantinople to Dorylæum, and an important strategic point. This city must have been located between Lefke and Vezirkhan, two railway stations on the Constantinople-Bagdad line. The bishops recorded are: Macedonius of Justinianopolis Nova, present at the Council of Constantinople (555); Theodorus of Justinianopolis Nova or Mela, present at Constantinople (680); Nectarius, or Nicetas of Mela, present at Nicæa (787); Constantius of Mela, present at Constantinople (869); Paul of Mela, present at Constantinople (879); John of Malagina (1256); Constantine of Melangeia (thirteenth century); N. of Melaneia (1401).
RAMSAY, Asia Minor, 202 sq. See also XANTHOPOULOS in Echos d'Orient, V (1901-2), 161 sq.
S. Pétridès.
# Cawood Patent

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
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## Dissenting Opinion

    Johnson Field
United States Supreme Court
94 U.S. 695
Cawood Patent
APPEALS from the Circuit Court of the United States for the Northern District of Illinois.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the court.
Argued by Mr. George Gifford, Mr. John B. Niles, and Mr. George Payson, and submitted on printed argument by Mr. R. Biddle Roberts, for the appellants.
Mr. E. W. Stoughton, contra.
MR. JUSTICE STRONG delivered the opinion of the court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cavite Provincial Ordinance No. 150, 2016

* information about this edition.
* related portals: Cavite Ordinance, Philippines.
PROVINCIAL ORDINANCE NO. 150
AN ORDINANCE DECLARING THE MONTH OF JULY OF EVERY YEAR AS THE BLOOD DONORS' MONTH IN THE PROVINCE OF CAVITE
WHEREAS, pursuant to Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991, the delivery of health services and facilities is one of the basic functions and responsibilities of all local government unites at all levels;
WHEREAS, Republic Act No. 7719, also known as the "National Blood Services Act of 1994", promotes and encourages voluntary blood donation, in order to provide an adequate, safe, affordable and equitable distribution of supply of blood and curb the hazards caused by the commercial safe of blood;
WHEREAS, assurance of adequate supply of volunteer-sourced human blood depends on a sustained promotion of the advantages of voluntary blood donation;
WHEREAS, to recognize the men and women of the country who freely and voluntarily give part themselves to humanitarian act that has served thousands of human lives, then President Fidel V. Ramos issued Proclamation No. 1021 on 9 June 1997 which officially declared the month of July as Blood Donors' Month;
WHEREAS, considering the Provincial Government of Cavite (PGC), through the Provincial Health Office (PHO) conducts Community Based Mobile Blood Donation activities weekly which attributed for being an awardee of the Department of Health (DOH), there is a need that the Caviteno blood donors be likewise recognized for their valuable contribution in the promotion of health services delivery in the Province;
NOW, THEREFORE, on the motion of Hon. Beratio, duly seconded by Hon. Nato, Hon. Grepo and all the Sangguniang Panlalawigan Members present, be it enacted by the Sangguniang Panlalawigan in session duly assembled that:
Section 1. Short title. — This Ordinance shall be known and cited as "Blood Donors' Month Ordinance in the Province of Cavite."
Section 2. Declaration of Policy. — It is hereby declared the policy of the Provincial Government of Cavite to build public awareness of the need for the quality and safe blood, to honor and recognize blood donors, and to reinforce the act of blood donation.
Section 3. Observance. — This yearly event shall be observed every month of July.
Section 4. Information Campaign. — Within thirty (30) days from the approval of this Ordinance, the Provincial Information and Community Affairs Department (PICAD) shall conduct information campaign to arise the public of the provisions of this Ordinance.
Section 5. Separability Clause. — If any portion or provision of this Ordinance is declared void or unconstitutional, the remaining provisions thereof shall not be affected thereby and shall remain in full force and effect.
Section 6. Effectivity Clause. — This Ordinance shall take effect after its approval.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Theodore James Ryken

From volume 13 of the work.
Known as BROTHER FRANCIS XAVIER, founder of the Xaverian Brothers. b. at Elshout, North Brabant, Holland, 30 August, 1797, d. at Bruges, 1871. His parents, who were devout Catholics, died while he was yet a child, and a pious uncle reared him. Even in youth he loved works of charity and zeal, and at nineteen he became a catechist. At twenty-five he became secretary to a well-known convert, M. Le Sage-ten-Broek, and acted in that capacity for four years, until cholera broke out at Groningen. While helping to nurse the patients, he caught the infection, and came near to death. In 1826 he made a pilgrimage to Rome, and Leo XII gave him a medal in commemoration. He made a second visit in 1838, and had an audience with Gregory XVI. In 1827 he entered a Trappist monastery in Germany but, as his confessor told him that God had other designs for him, his stay was short. Ryken came to America in 1831, and remained for three years. His observations in the United States convinced him that Catholic teachers were needed, and, returning to Europe, he planned to establish a teaching institute. In 1837 he returned to America and obtained written approval from seven bishops. Thereupon he asked permission from Bishop Boussen, of Bruges, to found a congregation. The bishop consented, but, before the actual foundation, required Ryken to pass a year's novitiate, which he fulfilled with the Redemptorists.
The Xaverian Brothers (q. v.) were established at Bruges in 1839 The beginning was hard, the founder having, with two or three companions, to struggle against disheartening obstacles. Courage and energy prevailed, and after a few years came brighter days. Brother Francis pronounced the vows of religion in 1846. In 1860, after holding the office of Superior General of the Xaverians for twenty-seven years, he was relieved of his duties on account of failing strength. At the time of his death the Xaverians were firmly settled in Belgium, England, and the United States. In Ryken's character the conspicuous traits were optimistic faith, rigor towards self, and zeal for the observance of the rule.
BROTHER FRANCIS XAVIER (Theodore James Ryken): A Life Sketch (Baltimore, 1904); VAN TOURNHOUT, Fragments from the History of the Xaverian Brothers (Baltimore, 1911).
BROTHER ISIDORE
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Theodore of Gaza

From volume 14 of the work.
A fifteenth-century Greek Humanist and translator of Aristotle, b. at Thessalonica early in the fifteenth century; d. in Southern Italy in 1478. In 1429 he went to Italy, where he made his home, like many other learned Greeks who did not wish to submit to the rule of the Turks at Constantinople. He taught Greek at Siena, Ferrara, and Rome. Having learned Latin from Victorino da Feltre, he devoted himself to the translation of Aristotle's works into that language. He was received with favour at the Court of Nicholas V, and, although a pronounced Aristotelean, remained on terms of friendship with Cardinal Bessarion. Through the good offices of the cardinal he obtained a small benefice in the Abruzzi. His chief service to the cause of Peripatetic philosophy consisted in his translations, which were superior both in point of accuracy and in that of style to the versions in use before his time. He devoted particular attention to the translation and exposition of Aristotle's works on natural science. In the campaign waged by Plethon against Aristotelianism he contributed his share to the defence of the Stagyrite. His influence on the humanistic movement was considerable, owing to the success with which he taught Greek language and literature at the various seats of learning in Italy. At Ferrara he founded an academy to offset the influence of the Platonic academy founded by Plethon at Florence.
UEBERWEG, Hist. of Philosophy, tr. MORRIS, I (New York, 1892), 10.
WILLIAM TURNER
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Theodore O'Hara

From volume 11 of the work.
Born in Danville, Kentucky, U.S.A., 11 February, 1822; died in Guerryton, Alabama, 6 June, 1867. The son of Kane O'Hara, and Irish political exile, who became a prominent educator in Kentucky, O'Hara graduated from St. Joseph's College, Bardstown, Kentucky, studied law, and in the Mexican Was attained the brevet rank of major, after which he made several filibustering expeditions to Cuba and Central America. He edited various newspapers and was successfully entrusted by the Government with some diplomatic missions. During the Civil War he served as a staff-officer with Generals Johnson and Breckenridge. He wrote little of special merit besides the two poems, "The Bivouac of the Dead" and "A Dirge for the Brave Old Pioneer". The former was written when the State of Kentucky brought back the remains of her sons who had fallen in the Mexican War to the cemetery at Frankfort. The last four lines of the opening stanza are inscribed over the entrance to the National Cemetery at Arlington, Virginia.
Connolly, Household Library of Ireland's Poets (New York, 1887); Iriah American Almanac(New York, 1879); Webb, The Centenary of Catholicity in Kentucky (Louisville, 1884).
THOMAS F. MEEHAN
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Theodoric Vrie

From volume 15 of the work.
Historian of the Council of Constance. He describes himself as a brother of the Order of Hermits of St. Augustine, and a lector in sacred theology in the Province of Saxony. From his description of facts it appears that Vrie must have been an eye-witness to the events he records. The history is brought down to the election and consecration of Martin V, 21 Nov., 1417. Vrie was still living in the sumer of 1425, when a general chapter of his order at Rome authorized the republication of his work. Vrie's work is modelled on the "De consolatione philosophiæ" of Boetius; this also is its original title. It presents a vivid picture of the facts and disorders of the time, pointing out their source, and the remedy of the evils under the form of a series of dialogues in prose and metre between Christ and the Church Militant. The "De consolatione" of Vrie was printed in Cologne in 1484 with the works of Gerson (fourth volume), but was not repeated in the Strasburg edition of Gerson in 1494. It was printed again with a short life of the author in von der-Hardt (see below).
Von der Hardt, Magni (Ecumenici Concilii Constantiensis Historia (6 vols., Frankfort and Leipzig, 1697), I, introd., 1-228: Lanteri, Postrema saecula sex (Tolentino, 1858); Alzog, Manual of Church History (Cincinnati, 1903), II, 858.
FRANCIS E. TOURSCHER
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Theodore William Achtermann

From volume 1 of the work.
​Achtermann, Theodore William, a German sculptor, was born in 1799, at Münster in Westphalia, of poor parents. After working on a farm he became a cabinet-maker. His carving was so clever and graceful that it attracted attention, and procured him the good will of some art patrons, who sent him to Berlin (1831), where he studied under the direction of Rauch, Tieck, and Schadow, then the foremost sculptors of Germany. Achtermann, however, being of a profoundly religious character, was drawn irresistibly to Rome, where he arrived in 1839 and remained till the end of his life. The first prominent product of his Roman studies was a Pietà which was secured for the Cathedral of Münster and which has often been copied.
Pietà by Achtermann, in the Cathedral of Münster
In 1858 the same cathedral acquired a group of seven life-size figures representing the descent from the Cross which is regarded as one of its chief art treasures. His last great work, finished when the artist had passed his seventieth year, was a Gothic altar with three reliefs representing scenes from the life of Our Saviour. This was set up in the cathedral at Prague in the year 1873. He died at Rome in 1889. Achtermann's art is characterized by deep religious feeling and great imaginative power, though, on account of his having taken to an artistic career when somewhat advanced in life, he did not attain the technical mastery which he might otherwise have acquired.
Hertkens, Wilhelm Achtermann (Trier, 1895).
Charles G. Herbermann.
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Theodoric of Chartres

From volume 14 of the work.
Theodoric (Thierry) of Chartres, Platonist philosopher of the twelfth century, b. in France at the beginning of the twelfth century; d. at Chartres about 1150. It is probable that he studied at Chartres under his brother Bernard, at least, we know that in 1121 he was head of the school of Chartres. Later, he seems to have gone to Paris and to have taught there, among his disciples being John of Salisbury. In 1141 he was teaching once more at Chartres. He wrote a work on the seven liberal arts entitled "Eptateuchon", a treatise "De Sex Dierum Operibus", and a commentary on "De Inventione Rhetorica ad Herennium". The first still exists in MS. at Chartres, the others were published 1884 and 1890. Theodoric was an ardent lover of the Classics, the study of which he defended against the sect of Obscurantists known as "Cornificians". He was also interested in the natural sciences, as is indicated by the fact that he was the recipient of a Latin translation of the "Planisphere" of Ptolemy made by Herman the Dalmatian. In philosophy he adopted the Platonic explanation of reality and the ultra-realistic theory of universals. He was influenced also by neo-Pythagorean principles. Nevertheless, he did not, as was formerly contended, go the length of professing explicit pantheism; he did not identify Divinity with reality. He did, indeed, maintain that Divinity is a form of essence (forma essendi) in all things; but, as Baumker has shown (Archiv f. Gesch. der Phil., X, 138) we are to understand this phrase in a theistic sense. For, while it necessarily implies the existence of a Divine something in all things, it does not imply the identity of the essence of God with the individual essences of things. In his exposition of the first chapters of Genesis (De Sex Dierum Operibus) he attempts to reconcile the Mosaic account of creation with the Platonic explanation of the origin of the universe.
CLERVAL, Les ecoles de Chartres (Paris, 1895), 169 sqq.; DE WULF, Hist. of Medieval Phil., tr. COFFEY (New York, 1909), 182 sqq.; BAUMKER in Archiv. f. Gesch. der Phil., X; TURNER, Hist. of Philosophy (Boston, 1903), 294.
WILLIAM TURNER
# Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Theodorich Canisius

From volume 3 of the work.
Born at Nimwegen, Holland, 1532; died 27 September, 1606, at Ingolstadt. He was a half-brother on his mother's side to St. Peter Canisius. After winning, at the age of twenty-two, the highest academic distinction at Louvain, he decided to follow his stepbrother and enter the Society of Jesus, and was sent to St. Ignatius in Rome, who received him into the Society. On the completion of his novitiate, Theodorich was appointed professor of theology in Vienna, but was soon after appointed rector of the Jesuit College at Munich. Here, in 1562, one of the first productions in Germany of the morality play "Homulus" (Everyman) was given in Latin by the students under his direction. From Munich, where he was succeeded in 1565 by the celebrated Paul Hoffaeus, he was transferred to Dillingen, where for twenty years he presided over the college and the academy and laboured with zeal and success for the improvement of studies and for the religious training of the students. From 1565 to 1582 he held the office of chancellor of the university. In company with his distinguished brother, he attended the first provincial congregation of the Society of Jesus in Upper Germany, and furthered important reforms in the teaching of philosophy. In 1585 he was made rector of the college of Ingolstadt, and in this capacity became a member of the German commission which tested in practice the first draft of the Ratio Studiorum. At length, having spent thirty years at the head of three of the foremost colleges of Germany, he was sent to Lucerne in Switzerland to enjoy a period of rest; but soon again, at the age of sixty-three, he had to undertake the government of the college of Ingolstadt. Two years later, on the advice of his physician, he was relieved of the burden and allowed to return to Lucerne. A fortnight after his arrival the death of St. Peter Canisius was announced. the shock deprived Theodorich of memory and speech, an affliction which he bore with exemplary patience for seven years. For his amiable disposition and spotless purity of life he deservedly received the surname of Angelus. In 1604, he was transferred again to Ingolstadt, where he died, and was laid to rest in the church of the Holy Cross.
George H. Derry.
# Ceballos Company v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
214 U.S. 47
Ceballos Company v. United States
Argued: March 10, 1909. --- Decided: May 17, 1909
Messrs. William V. Rowe, John J. Hemphill, and Sullivan & Cromwell for appellants.
Assistant Attorney General John Q. Thompson and Mr. Franklin W. Collins for appellee.
Mr. Justice White delivered the opinion of the court:

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Cean Duv Deelish

“Cean duv deelish, beside the sea…”
* Shorter, Dora Sigerson (1893), "Cean Duv Deelish" in Verses
* Shorter, Dora Sigerson (1907), "Cean Duv Deelish" in The Collected Poems of Dora Sigerson Shorter