OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Bird-Lore/Volume 04/No. 1

| GENERAL ARTICLES | GENERAL ARTICLES | PAGE |
| Frontispiece—A Crow Roost | C. D. Kellogg | 2 |
| Recollections of Elliott Coues. Illustrated | Recollections of Elliott Coues. Illustrated | 3 |
| Coues as a Young Man | D. G. Elliot | 3 |
| Coues at His First Army Post | Capt. C. A. Curtis | 5 |
| Extract from the Journal of Elliott Coues | Extract from the Journal of Elliott Coues | 8 |
| The Western Evening Grosbeak. Illustrated | Wm. Rogers Lord | 9 |
| A Crow Roost. Illustrated | C. D. Kellog | 11 |
| Bird Clues in America. 1. The Nuttall Club. Illustrated. | Frances H. Allen | 12 |
| A Winter Visitor Illustration. | Martha W. Brooks | 17 |
| TEACHERS AND STUDENTS |||
| Bird-Lore’s Advisory Council | Bird-Lore’s Advisory Council | 18 |
| How to Name the Birds. Illustrated. Second paper | Frank M. Chapman | 20 |
| What Bird is This? Illustration. | What Bird is This? Illustration. | 24 |
| The Christmas Bird Census | The Christmas Bird Census | 24 |
| FOR YOUNG OBSERVERS |||
| The Prize Essay Contests | The Prize Essay Contests | 31 |
| The Prize Crow Essay. | Fred T. Morison | 31 |
| NOTES FROM FIELD AND STUDY. | Omitted to give space to the ‘Christmas Bird Census.’ | |
| BOOK NEWS AND REVIEWS | BOOK NEWS AND REVIEWS | 33 |
| Ridgway’s ‘Birds of North and Middle America’; Proceedings of the Nebraska Ornithologists’ Union; Kellogg’s ‘Elementary Zoölogy’; The Ornithological Magazines. | Ridgway’s ‘Birds of North and Middle America’; Proceedings of the Nebraska Ornithologists’ Union; Kellogg’s ‘Elementary Zoölogy’; The Ornithological Magazines. | |
| EDITORIAL | EDITORIAL | 36 |
| AUDUBON DEPARTMENT | AUDUBON DEPARTMENT | 37 |
| Editorial: Report of the Pennsylvania Society. An Addition to the White List. The Thayer Fund. ||
# Bird-Lore/Volume 05
## The issues of Volume 5

* No. 1 January-February
* No. 2 March-April
* No. 3 May-June
* No. 4 July-August
* No. 5 September-October
* No. 6 November-December

### Educational Leaflets

* Educational Leaflet No. 6
# Bird-Lore/Volume 01/Sialia sialis

* related portals: Birds, Ornithology, National Association of Audubon Societies.
* sister projects: Commons category, taxonomy.
By ROBERT W. HEGNER
With Photographs from Nature by the Author.
During the severe cold of January and February, 1895, most of the Bluebirds were thought to have perished. So it is with the spirit of a genuine Audubon that we hail their return in ever increasing numbers each succeeding spring. How sadly we should miss these little friends may be judged by the great commotion among ornithologists caused by their supposed extinction. In order to have more than a mere remembrance of their habits, I set out one day in the summer of 1898, at Decorah, Iowa, to obtain photographs of them in their haunts, and secured two interesting negatives of the female, as shown
BLUEBIRD FLYING TO NEST
in the accompanying illustrations. The history of the case is as follows: A pair of Bluebirds, after several previous attempts at house-keeping, and subsequent removals by ‘small boys,’ at last selected an old, deserted, Woodpecker’s hole in a fence-post, and built, as usual, a nest of dry grass with a softer lining of horse-hair. The birds had already begun incubating the three pale blue eggs, which formed the set, when I disturbed them. I crept within five feet of the post ​before the female left the nest and joined her mate, who had been keeping guard in a neighboring plum tree.
After focusing my camera to within three feet of the post, and arranging a string attachment, I concealed myself in some bushes about seventy-five feet away. I waited patiently for ten minutes before the female left the tree and flew down to the fence. The male followed close after, and they hopped about the post and wires, getting nearer and nearer the nest, until the female flew straight into the hole. A snap-shot, just before she reached the entrance, was only partially successful, but shows very clearly the pose of the bird's head and neck while it was in the air. It was made in a twenty-fifth of a second with the lens stopped down to sixteen. I disturbed the female several times before she gained the desired position at the nest-opening; but, finally, the snap of the shutter helped bring to life one of my best bird-pictures.
A knowledge of the bird's nesting habits is a prime requisite in avian photography. Much patience is needed, as failures are very numerous. A camera which may be focussed to within two or three feet is an absolute necessity in order to make the picture large enough. Most of my failures have been caused by the lack of bright sunlight, under-exposure, or movement of the bird the instant the picture was taken: but one good photograph is sufficient reward for many trials.
# Bird-Lore/Volume 02

* No. 1 January-February
* No. 2 March-April
* No. 3 May-June
* No. 4 July-August
* No. 5 September-October
* No. 6 November-December
# Bird-Lore/Volume 01/Toxostoma rufum

* related portals: Birds, Ornithology, National Association of Audubon Societies.
* sister projects: Commons category, taxonomy.
Notes from Field and Study
Collecting a Brown Thrasher’s Song
Rustler, my pet Brown Thrasher, was pouring out his loud, long, spring song. A phonograph, or rather a graphophone, had been left on a table by the cage. Everything seemed to favor the collection of a bird song. I placed the instrument so that the open funnel of the horn came within less than a foot of the Thrasher's swelling throat, and touching a lever, set the wax cylinder revolving below a sapphire-tipped style, which cut the bird notes into the wax. Just as the medley changed from that of a Catbird to that of a Wood Thrush, a Robin flew past the window. Rustler stopped short, but the style continued to cut and ruin the wax cylinder. When Rustler started in again he hopped to the opposite side of the cage, rudely turning his back upon the graphophone.
More than a little vexed at the perversity of dumb animals, I quickly covered over the end of the cage farthest from the graphophone; then Rustler sulked beneath the cloth in silence. Next I removed the perch from that side and then Rustler absolutely refused to sing any more. Some hours later, however, I made another attempt, but each time the graphophone was started the whir of the revolving cylinder cut short my Thrasher′s rich, rippling notes, so that the only thing to do was to remove the recording style and accustom him to the noise of the cylinder, and when this had been accomplished, I replaced the recording style. I found that by shutting off the graphophone the instant Rustler's notes became weak or stopped, I could catch a continuous series of notes. I succeeded the following morning in getting a pretty fair song. It was not so loud as it might have been, but in pitch and timbre it was perfect.
In September dear old Rustler died. For nine long years he had enlivened my northern New Jersey home with his cheery music. In November, at a meeting of the American Ornithologists' Union, the notes of Rustler′s love song fell sweetly upon sympathetic ears.—Sylvester D. Judd, Ph. D., Washington, D. C.
# Bird-Lore/Volume 01/No. 2/Tragic Valentines Day

BY ANNIE TRUMBULL SLOSSON
he cold wave reached us at Miami, on Biscayne Bay, Florida, in the night of February 12. 1899. It was preceded by severe thunder storms in the evening. On the 13th, Monday, it was very cold all over the state, with snow and sleet as far south as Ormond and Titusville. Our thermometers at Miami ranged from 36° to 40° during the day. As I sat in my room at the hotel, about four in the afternoon, I saw a bird outside my window, then another and another, and soon the air seemed full of wings.
Opening my window to see what the visitors could be, I found they were Tree Swallows (Tachycincta bicolor). Several flew into my room, others clustered on the window ledge, huddling closely together for warmth. There were hundreds of them about the house seeking shelter and warmth. They crept in behind the window blinds, came into open windows, huddled together by dozens on cornices and sills. They were quite fearless; once I held my hand outside and two of them lighted on its palm and sat there quietly. As it grew dark and colder their numbers increased. They flew about the halls and perched in corners, and the whole house was alive with them. Few of the guests in the hotel knew what they were; some even called them ‘bats,’ and were afraid they might fly into their faces or become entangled in their hair. One man informed those about him that they were Humming Birds, ‘the large kind, you know,’ but all were full of sympathy for the beautiful little creatures, out in the cold and darkness. A few were taken indoors and sheltered through the night, but what were these among so many?
The next morning the sun shone brightly though the weather was still very cold—the mercury had fallen below 30° during the night. But as I raised the shade of one of my eastern windows I saw a half-dozen of the Swallows sitting upon the ledge in the sunshine, while the air seemed again filled with flashing wings. I was so relieved and glad. Surely the tiny creatures, with their tints of steely blue or shining green contrasting with the pure white of the under parts, were more hardy than I had feared. But alas! it was but a remnant that escaped. Hundreds were found dead. Men were sent out with baskets to gather the limp little bodies from piazzas, window ledges, and copings. It was a pitiful sight for St. Valentine Day, when, as the old song has it,
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Johnson, Eastman

Edition of 1892.
​JOHNSON, Eastman, artist, b. in Lovell, Me., 29 July, 1824. Adopting drawing as a profession at eighteen, he settled first in Augusta, Me., working almost wholly on portraits in black and white and in pastel. In 1845 he removed with his parents to Washington, D. C., where he drew portraits of many distinguished men, including Daniel Webster and John Quincy Adams, and while in Boston in 1846-'9 he made portraits of Longfellow and his family, Emerson, Hawthorne, and Sumner. He went to Düsseldorf in 1849, studied one year at the Royal academy, one with Leutze, and four at the Hague, painting there his first important pictures in oil, “The Savoyard” and the “Card Players,” and afterward established himself in Paris, but returned to the United States in 1856. He was in Washington, D. C., and on the northern shores of Lake Superior among the Indian tribes in 1856-'7, returning to the former place in 1858, and painting the “Old Kentucky Home,” which established his reputation as an artist. In the autumn of this year he opened a studio in New York, where he has since resided. He was elected an academician in 1860, and has contributed since that time to each of the annual exhibitions of the National academy. His genre compositions, suggested by American scenes, have been highly popular, appreciated alike by artists and the public, and many of them have been engraved. He excels as a portrait-painter, and is particularly happy in the delineation of American domestic and negro character. Among his pictures are “The Old Kentucky Home,” “Sunday Morning,” “Prisoners of State,” “The Barefoot Boy,” “Dropping Off,” “Fiddling his Way,” “The Pension Agent,” “Milton Dictating to his Daughters,” “The Old Stage-Coach,” “Husking at ​Nantucket,” “ Bo-Peep” (exhibited at the Royal academy, London), “Barn Swallows, a Group of Children,” “What the Shell Says,” and “Old Whalers of Nantucket.” His portraits, besides those already mentioned, include likenesses of Grover Cleveland, Chester A. Arthur, Dr. James McCosh, and William M. Evarts.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Jaureybo II.

Edition of 1892.
​JAUREYBO II., Caribbean cacique. It is not certain that this chief was the son of the one mentioned above; but his name, the time of his appearance in Porto Rico, his rank, and his courage and audacity, leave little doubt of their kinship. Like his predecessor, he harassed the Spaniards, making the southeast part of the island practically uninhabitable. At the request of the governor of Porto Rico the king sent a squadron of three ships, under the command of Juan Ponce de Leon, to exterminate the Caribs. The squadron arrived at Guadaloupe, the stronghold of Jaureybo, 15 July, 1515, and Ponce de Leon ordered several of his men to land for water; but the Caribs, who were in ambush, fell upon them and obliged them to leave the field after a fight in which fifteen Spaniards were wounded and four killed. This loss obliged Ponce de Leon to return to Saint John of Porto Rico without attempting anything against them, which increased their audacity. From that time Jaureybo made numerous incursions, devastating the country, and the Spaniards were powerless to stop their depredations. On 23 Oct., 1530, he led 500 men and 11 canoes to the island and landed in a place called Daguao, where there were many farms and gold-mines. He plundered and destroyed the plantations, set every house on fire, murdering the inhabitants, and returned to his quarters with 25 prisoners and much booty. He frequently repeated his incursions; but little or nothing is known of his last days.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Johnston, John (Indian agent)

Edition of 1900.
​JOHNSTON, John, Indian agent, b. in Ballyshannon, Ireland, in March, 1755; d. in Washington, D.C., 19 April, 1861. His parents emigrated in 1786 to Cumberland co., Pa. John served with Gen. Anthony Wayne in his campaign against the northwestern Indians in Ohio 1792-'3, was clerk in the war department and agent for Indian affairs thirty-one years. For eleven years he was a canal-commissioner for Ohio, and he served throughout the war of 1812 as paymaster and quartermaster. In 1841-'2 he was commissioner to treat with the Ohio Indians for their removal. He was president of the Historical and philosophical society of Ohio. His “Account of the Indian Tribes of Ohio” appears in the 5th volume of the “American Antiquarian Society's Collections.”
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Joy, Charles Arad

Edition of 1892.
​JOY, Charles Arad, chemist, b. in Ludlowville, N. Y., 8 Oct., 1823; d. in Stockbridge, Mass., 29 May, 1891. He was graduated at the Harvard law-school in 1847. During the same year he was appointed on the U. S. geological survey of the Lake Superior region, under Josiah D. Whitney and Charles T. Jackson. Subsequently he went to Europe and studied chemistry in Berlin, at Göttingen, where in 1852 he received the degree of doctor of philosophy, and at the Sorbonne in Paris. Soon after his return he was called to the chair of chemistry in Union college, and held it until 1857, when he was elected to a similar professorship in Columbia, remaining there till 1877. His original investigation began in Göttingen with researches on the combination of alcohol radicles with selenium, in which field he was one of the earliest workers. Later he examined the compounds of glucinum, and published an account of his investigations in the “American Journal of Science.” He also made numerous analyses of minerals and meteorites. Of the former, many were contributed to Dana's “Mineralogy.” Prof. Joy was a member of the juries of the International world's fairs of London, Paris, Vienna, and Philadelphia, and also a member of scientific societies. In 1866 he was elected president of the Lyceum of natural history (now New York academy of sciences). He was also president of the American photographic society, chairman of the Polytechnic association of the American institute, and foreign secretary of the American geographical society. Prof. Joy was a large contributor of popular articles on scientific subjects to various journals, and had held the editorship of the “Scientific American,” and later of the “Journal of Applied Chemistry,” also of the chemical articles in the “American Cyclopædia.” Failing health, the result of a sunstroke, that he received at the World's fair in Philadelphia during 1876, compelled his retirement, and for several years he resided in Germany.
# Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography/Jaureybo I.

Edition of 1892.
​JAUREYBO I. (how-ray'-e-bo), Caribbean cacique, b. in Guadeloupe in the last half of the 15th century; d. at sea in 1514. From the year 1511, when the natives of Porto Rico asked the Caribs of the neighboring islands to help them in their desperate struggle for freedom against the Spanish invaders, the Caribs made many incursions into that country. From 1511 to 1514 their most formidable leader was Jaureybo, who harassed the conquerors by his numerous invasions. His last exploit, which was carried out to revenge the death of his brother Cazimes, occurred about the middle of the year 1514. He landed, with 200 men, at the mouth of Loiza river, and attacked the neighboring farms, setting the buildings on fire and killing the inhabitants. One of the conquerors, Capt. Sancho de Aragon, marched with a few men that had hastily been assembled against the invaders, but was totally defeated. Jaureybo withdrew his forces, prisoners, and plunder to the shore, and set out on his return to the Lesser Antilles. Don Cristobal de Mendoza, governor of Porto Rico, on hearing the news of Jaureybo's deed, pursued him with three ships manned by fifty men, and met the Caribbean craft at sunset near the island of Vieques. Jaureybo, who might have escaped toward one of the islands near by, protected by the darkness, decided to resist. He led his canoes toward the ships, and did his best to board them, but, after a desperate struggle and the destruction of his craft, was killed.
# Automobilism The Grand Prix

* Search for titles containing or beginning with: "Automobilism The Grand Prix."
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This is a disambiguation page. It lists works that share the same title. If an article link referred you here, please consider editing it to point directly to the intended page.
One from a series of articles published in The Times newspaper between June 26th and June 28th 1906 reporting on the inaugural French Grand Prix held June 26th to June 27th.
* "June 25th (Preview)," in The Times (1906); (first published in the June 26th edition)
* "June 26th (Day One)," in The Times (1906); (first published in the June 27th edition)
* "June 27th (Day Two)," in The Times (1906); (first published in the June 28th edition)
# Autumn's Pall

1910
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it was published before January 1, 1929.
The longest-living author of this work died in 1961, so this work is in the public domain in countries and areas where the copyright term is the author's life plus 62 years or less. This work may be in the public domain in countries and areas with longer native copyright terms that apply the rule of the shorter term to foreign works.
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Autumn (Chivers)

Farewell! thou dying Year, farewell! Thy reign is almost o'er; Fled the freshness of vernal hours, The glory of thy summer bowers,- And e'en thy last pale ling'ring flowers Will soon be here no more!
'Tis sad to see the hues of death Fast stealing o'er thy bloom, To hear the fitful Autumn gale Sweep through the lonely wood and vale, Breathing its low, prophetic wail, O'er thy approaching doom!
To me, in every passing breeze, There is a tone of grief, Recalling hopes of vanished years, Now only seem thro' Memory's tears,- In every falling leaf!
Perhaps there are bright eyes, that weep To see thee pass away, Who in thy course, departing year, Have ne'er beend imm'd by sorrow's tear; And blest with all of bright and dear, Would gladly woo thy stay.
But there are some, whose hearts are glad, Thy darksome reign is o'er,- Who would not live thine hours again, For riches of the earth and main; But joy those days of care and pain, To them, can come no more.
For thou hast seen the dearest ties Of earthly feelings broken! To be renewed, oh! never more, Unless on that eternal shore, Where, grief and death forever oe'r, No parting words are spoken!
Then fare thee well, departing Year! I would not woo thy stay: Thy sighing winds breathe of the tomb; Thy fading roses speak the doom Of the heart's cherish'd hopes-whose bloom, Like thine, has passed away!
# Black Beauty/6

CHAPTER VI.
Liberty.
I was quite happy in my new place, and if there was one thing that I missed, it must not be thought I was discontented; all who had to do with me were good, and I had a light airy stable and the best of food. What more could I want? Why, liberty! For three years and a half of my life I had had all the liberty I could wish for; but now, week after week, month after month, and no doubt year after year, I must stand up in a stable night and day except when I am wanted, and then I must be just as steady and quiet as any old horse who has worked twenty years. Straps here and straps there, a bit in my mouth, and blinkers over my eyes. Now, I am not complaining, for I know it must be so. I only mean to say that for a young horse full of strength and spirits who has been used to some large field or plain, where he can fling up his head, and toss up his tail and gallop away at full speed, then round and back again with a snort to his companions—I say it is hard never to have a bit more liberty to do as you like. Sometimes, when I have had less exercise than usual, I have felt so full of life and spring, that when John has taken me out to exercise, I really could not keep quiet; do what I would, it seemed as if I must jump, ​or dance, or prance, and many a good shake I know I must have given him, specially at the first; but he was always good and patient.
"Steady, steady, my boy," he would say, "wait a bit, and we'll have a good swing, and soon get the tickle out of your feet." Then as soon as we were out of the village, he would give me a few miles at a spanking trot, and then bring me back as fresh as before, only clear of the fidgets, as he called them. Spirited horses, when not enough exercised, are often called skittish, when it is only play; and some grooms will punish them, but our John did not, he knew it was only high spirits. Still, he had his own ways of making me understand by the tone of his voice, or the touch of the rein. If he was very serious and quite determined, I always knew it by his voice, and that, had more power with me than anything else, for I was very fond of him.
I ought to say, that sometimes we had our liberty for a few hours; this used to be on fine Sundays in the summer-time. The carriage never went out on Sundays, because the church was not far off.
It was a great treat to us to be turned out into the Home Paddock or the old orchard. The grass was so cool and soft to our feet; the air so sweet, and the freedom to do as we liked was so pleasant; to gallop, to lie down, and roll over on our backs, or to nibble the sweet grass. Then it was a very good time for talking, as we stood together under the shade of the large chestnut tree.