OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Boutflower, Henry Crewe

The initials for the contributor printed were W.C.S. however these were not annotated at the front of the work, and were not used until later volumes, it is more likely that the initials are meant to be C.W.S. and attributed to Sutton.
​BOUTFLOWER, HENRY CREWE (1796–1863), Hulsean essayist, was the son of John Boutflower, surgeon, of Salford, and was born 25 Oct. 1796. He was educated at the Manchester grammar school, and in 1815 entered St. John's College, Cambridge. In 1816 he gained the Hulsean theological prize. The degrees of B. A. and M. A. were conferred on him in 1819 and 1822, and he was ordained in 1821, when he became curate at Elmdon near Birmingham, having previously acted as assistant-master at the Manchester grammar school. In 1823 he was elected to the headmastership of the Bury school, Lancashire, and in 1832 was presented to the perpetual curacy of St. John's Church in that town. He was highly respected there as an able and conscientious clergyman and a good preacher. The rectory of Elmdon, where he first exercised his ministry, was offered to and accepted by him in 1857, and he held it until his death, which took place 4 June 1863, while on a visit at West Felton vicarage, Salop. He was buried at Elmdon. He collected materials for a history of Bury, which he left in manuscript. His Hulsean prize essay, which was published in 1817 at Cambridge, was entitled 'The Doctrine of the Atonement agreeable to Reason.' He also published a sermon on the death of William IV, 1837, and other sermons.
[Manchester School Register, published by the Chetham Society, iii. 13-15].
W. C. S.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bourne, William Sturges-

​BOURNE, WILLIAM STURGES- (1769–1845), politician, the only son of the Rev. John Sturges, D.D., chancellor of the diocese of Winchester, by Judith, daughter of Richard Bourne, of Acton Hall. Worcester, was born on 7 Nov. 1769. After having been at a private school near Winchester, where he made the acquaintance of Canning, he entered the college where he remained as a commoner until 1786. In the Michaelmas term of that year he matriculated at Christ Church, Oxford; and as Canning was at the same house, their friendship was renewed and never interrupted. His degrees were B.A. 26 June 1790, M.A. 28 June 1793, and D.C.L. 15 June 1831. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn on 23 Nov. 1793, and entered into public life as member for Hastings on 3 July 1798. During his parliamentary career he represented many constituencies in turn: Christchurch from 1802 to 1812 and from 1818 to 1826, Bandon 1815-18, Ashburton 1826-30, and Milburne Port 1830-1. On the death in 1803 of his uncle, Francis Bourne, who had assumed the name of Page, the bulk of his wealth came to Sturges, coupled with the condition that he should assume the name of Bourne. He refused the post of under-secretary of the home department in 1801, but acted as joint-secretary of the treasury from 1804 to 1806, and as a lord of the treasury from 1807 to 1809, when he resigned with Canning. In 1814 he was created an unpaid commissioner for Indian affairs, was raised to the privy council, and from 1818 to 1822 served as a salaried commissioner. Sturges-Bourne had more than once refused higher office in the state; but on the formation, in April 1827, of Canning's administration he consented to hold the seals of the home department. He only retained this place until July in the same year. When he resigned the home department in favour of Lord Lansdowne, he accepted the post of commissioner of woods and forests, and retained his seat in the cabinet. In January 1828 he resigned all his offices with the exception of the post of lord warden of the New Forest, and in February 1831 he retired from parliament. His name is commemorated by an act for the regulation of vestries passed in 1818 (58 Geo. III, c. 69), which is still in force, and is usually called after him Sturges-Bourne's Act. He died at Testwood House, near Southampton, on 1 Feb. 1845, and was buried at Winchester Cathedral. He married, on 2 Feb. 1808, Anne, third daughter of Oldfield Bowles of North Aston, Oxford. His manner was not impressive, and his speech was ineffective; but he had much knowledge of public affairs, and his ​opinions were highly valued in the House of Commons.
[Gent. Mag. (1808), 169, (1845) pt. i. 433-4, 661; Stapleton's Canning, iii. 343, 426; Return of Members of Parliament.]
W. P. C.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bourne, Reuben

​BOURNE, REUBEN (fl. 1692), dramatist, belonged to the Middle Temple, and left behind him a solitary and feeble comedy which has never been acted. The title of this is 'The Contented Cuckold, or Woman's Advocate,' 4to, 1692. Its scene is Edmonton, and the principal character, Sir Peter Lovejoy, ​contends that a cuckold is one of the scarcest of created beings.
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bourne, Robert

​BOURNE, ROBERT, M.D. (1761–1829), professor of medicine, was born at Shrawley, Worcestershire, and educated at Bromsgrove, whence he was elected scholar of Worcester College, Oxford, and became a fellow of that society. He proceeded B.A. in 1781, M.A. in 1784, M.B. in 1786, and in 1787 took the degree of M.D. and was elected physician to the Radcliffe Infirmary at Oxford. In 1790 he became a fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. In 1794 he was appointed reader of chemistry at Oxford, in 1803 professor of physic, and in 1824 of clinical medicine. He died at Oxford on 23 Dec. 1829. A monument was erected to him in the chapel of his college. His published works are: 1. 'An Introductory Lecture to a Course of Chemistry,' 1797. 2. 'Cases of Pulmonary Consumption treated with Uva ursi,' 1805.
[Munk's Coll. of Phys. (1878), ii. 401.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bouverie, Henry Frederick

1904 Errata appended.
​BOUVERIE, Sir HENRY FREDERICK (1783–1852), general, was the third son of the Hon. Edward Bouverie, of Delapré Abbey, near Northampton, M.P. for Salisbury from 1761 to 1775, and for Northampton from 1790 to 1807, who was the second son of Sir Jacob Bouverie, first Viscount Folkestone, and brother of the first Earl of Radnor. Henry Frederick was born on 11 July 1783. He was gazetted an ensign in the 2nd or Coldstream guards on 23 Oct. 1799, and served with the brigade of guards under Sir Ralph Abercromby in Egypt. In 1807 he acted as aide-de-camp to the Earl of Rosslyn at Copenhagen, and in 1809 accompanied Sir Arthur Wellesley to Portugal in the same capacity, and was present at the Douro and at Talavera. He acted for a short time as military secretary, but on being promoted captain and lieutenant-colonel in June 1810 he gave up his post on Lord Wellington's personal staff, and was appointed to the staff of the army as assistant adjutant-general to the fourth division. He was present at the battles of Salamanca, Vittoria, the Nive, and Orthes, and at the storming of San Sebastian, and was particularly mentioned in both Sir Rowland Hill's and the Marquis of Wellington's despatches for his services at the battle of the Nive. On the conclusion of the war he was made an extra aide-de-camp to the king and a colonel in the army in June 1814, and a K.C.B. in January 1815. He was promoted major-general in 1825, and was appointed governor and commander-in-chief of the island of Malta on 1 Oct. 1836. His governorship, which he retained till June 1843, was uneventful, and at its close he was made a G.C.M.G. He had been promoted lieutenant-general in 1838, appointed colonel of the 97th regiment in 1843, and made a G.C.B. on 6 April 1852. Just as he was preparing to leave his country seat, Woolbeding House, near Midhurst in Sussex, to attend the funeral of his old commander-in-chief, the Duke of Wellington, apparently in his usual health, he suddenly fell ill from excitement and sorrow, and died on 14 Nov. 1852.
[Royal Military Calendar; Times, Obituary Notice, 17 Nov. 1852.]
H. M. S.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.33 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 36 | ii | 9 | Bouverie, Sir Henry F.: for 1775 read 1771 |
| | | 10 | for 1807 read 1810 |
| | | 16 f.e. | after colonel insert of the 1st West India regiment in 1842 and |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Drummond, James Lawson

​DRUMMOND, JAMES LAWSON, M.D. (1783–1853), professor of anatomy, younger brother of William Hamilton Drummond, D.D. [q. v.], was born at Larne, co. Antrim, in 1783. His school years were passed at the Belfast Academy, and he received a surgical training at the Belfast Academical Institution. After acting as navy surgeon in the Mediterranean for some years (1807–13), he retired from the service (21 May 1813), and went to Edinburgh for further study. On 24 June 1814 he graduated M.D. at Edinburgh, exhibiting a thesis on the comparative anatomy of the eye. He at once began practice in Belfast. In 1817 he volunteered a course of lectures on osteology at the Academical Institution, and succeeded in obtaining the establishment of a chair of anatomy, of which he was elected (15 Dec. 1818) to be the first occupant. This post he ​held until 1849, when the collegiate department of the institution was merged in the Queen's College (opened in November 1849). His retirement was partly due to the circumstance that in the previous year he had broken his leg, and the accident had told upon his general health. He was one of the leading projectors of the botanic gardens at Belfast (1820); and in conjunction with seven other gentlemen (locally known as his apostles) he founded the Belfast Natural History Society (5 June 1821). This society began in 1823 to make collections of objects of scientific interest, and at length laid the foundation-stone (4 May 1830) of a museum, which was opened on 1 Nov. 1831. In 1840 the society enlarged its title to ‘Belfast Natural History and Philosophical Society.’ Benn speaks of Drummond as ‘an able promoter of all scientific and literary matters in Belfast.’ He died at his residence, 8 College Square North, adjoining the museum, on 17 May 1853, and was buried at Ahoghill, co. Antrim, on 19 May. He was thrice married—first to a lady named Getty; secondly to Catharine Mitchell; thirdly, to Eliza O'Rorke—but had no issue. His widow still (1888) lives.
Besides papers in the ‘Transactions’ of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and articles in the ‘Magazine of Natural History’ and the ‘Belfast Magazine’ (a periodical which began in 1825), he was the author of: 1. ‘Thoughts on the Study of Natural History,’ Belf. 1820 12mo (anon., consists of an address in seven chapters to the proprietors of the Academical Institution, recommending the foundation of a museum). 2. ‘First Steps to Botany,’ 1823, 12mo. 3. ‘Letters to a Young Naturalist,’ 1831, 12mo (the most popular of his works, and in its time very serviceable in the promotion of scientific tastes). 4. ‘First Steps to Anatomy,’ 1845, 12mo. He was an able draughtsman, and illustrated his own works. At the time of his death he had nearly ready for the press a work on conchology, and another on the wild flowers of Ireland.
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Drummond, Samuel

​DRUMMOND, SAMUEL (1765–1844), portrait and historical painter, was born in London on 25 Dec. 1765. His father fought for the Pretender in 1745, and in consequence was obliged to leave the country for some time. At the age of fourteen Samuel ran off to sea, but after six or seven years he left the service, and determined to devote himself to art. Without having had any instruction he began by drawing portraits in crayons, and for several years he was employed upon the ‘European Magazine.’ He then attempted painting in oil, and exhibited for the first time some portraits at the Society of Artists in 1790. In 1791 he sent to the Royal Academy ‘Wilton's First Sight of Olivia’ and two other pictures; in 1793, two sea-pieces, with some portraits; in 1801, ‘The Woodman;’ and in 1804, ‘The Drunken Seaman ashore’ and ‘Crazy Jane.’ In 1808 he was elected an associate of the Royal Academy, where many years later he succeeded Archer James Oliver as curator of the painting school. He gained some repute by his naval subjects, such as the ‘Death of Nelson,’ exhibited at the British Institution in 1807, the ‘Battle of Trafalgar,’ and the ‘Battle of the Nile,’ exhibited at the same place in 1825, the first two of which have been engraved, and a large picture of ‘Admiral Duncan receiving the Sword of the Dutch Admiral De Winter after the Battle of Camperdowne,’ exhibited in 1827, a commission from the directors of the British Institution, by whom it was presented to Greenwich Hospital. In 1829 he sent to the British Institution ‘The Gallantry of Sir Walter Raleigh.’ His principal occupation was portrait-painting, but he also painted landscapes, in which he imitated the Florentine pictures of Wilson. His later works were chiefly subjects from the Bible and the poets, some of which have been engraved. Between 1790 and 1844 he exhibited 303 pictures and drawings at the Royal Academy, and 101 at the British Institution and other London exhibitions. In the latter part of his life his circumstances became reduced, and he frequently received assistance from the funds of the Royal Academy. He died in London on 6 Aug. 1844.
Portraits by him of the elder Charles Mathews, the comedian, and of Richard Parker, the leader of the mutiny at the Nore, were in the National Portrait Exhibition of 1867. In the National Portrait Gallery are a portrait in oil of Sir Marc Isambard ​Brunel, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1836, and a miniature on ivory of Mrs. Fry.
R. E. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Drummond, Peter Robert

​DRUMMOND, PETER ROBERT (1802–1879), biographer, the son of a small farmer, was born and educated in the parish of Madderty, Perthshire, and in early life worked as a carpenter. He attained skill as a maker of picture-frames, and in this way was brought a good deal into the society of picture-dealers and gained some knowledge of art. In after years he became an enthusiastic collector of pictures and engravings. While at Glasgow as assistant in the shop of an uncle, a provision merchant, his love of literature first developed itself. Towards the close of 1832 he opened a circulating library at 15 High Street, Perth. This supplied a want much felt at the time in the town. During the same year he made the acquaintance of Robert Nicoll, the poet [q. v.], then apprenticed to Mrs. Robertson, a grocer, on the opposite side of the street. By Drummond's advice Nicoll gave up grocery and started a bookselling business in Dundee. A few years later Drummond was able to move to larger premises at 32 High Street, where, relinquishing to a large extent his circulating library, he entered fully into the bookselling trade. He was here the means of introducing Jenny Lind, Grisi, and other famous singers to Perth audiences. From 32 High Street Drummond removed to 46 George Street, and there commenced the erection of what is now the Exchange Hotel. He intended to use the premises as a printing office, and perhaps to start a newspaper. He resolved, however, to turn farmer, and completing the building as an hotel, he made over his bookselling business to his cousin John, and took the holding of Balmblair, in the parish of Redgorton, Perthshire, from Lord Mansfield. About 1859 he exhibited his collection of pictures in the Exchange Hall. By 1873 he had retired from farming, and henceforth devoted himself to the preparation of his books. He died suddenly at his house, Ellengowen, Almond Bank, about three miles to the north-west of Perth, on 4 Sept. 1879, in his seventy-seventh year, and was buried at Wellshill cemetery, Perth, on the 9th. A few days after appeared his ‘Perthshire in Bygone Days: one hundred Biographical Essays,’ 8vo, London, 1879. Another work, ‘The Life of Robert Nicoll, poet, with some hitherto uncollected Pieces,’ 8vo, Paisley (printed) and London, 1884, was edited by his son, James Drummond. His intention was to have issued with it a complete edition of Nicoll's poems when the copyright in the old edition had expired. Both books contain many amusing stories, and are creditable specimens of local literature. Drummond wrote several pamphlets on political and agricultural subjects, and frequently contributed to the ‘Scotsman’ and the Perth press. In 1850 he published a pamphlet entitled ‘The Tenants and Landlords versus the Free Traders, by Powdavie,’ the aim of which was not the advocacy of a protective system, but of justice to the agricultural interest. An ingenious mechanic, Drummond gained a medal at the exhibition of 1851 for a churn; he also invented an agricultural rake which received honourable mention at the exhibition of 1862.
G. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Drummond, Thomas (d.1835)

​DRUMMOND, THOMAS (d. 1835), botanical collector, was the younger brother of James (1784?–1863) [q. v.] He was born in Scotland, and during the early part of his life was at Don's nursery, Forfar. He first became known to botanists by his distributed sets of mosses, ‘Musci Scotici,’ and afterwards was attached as assistant-naturalist to Dr. Richardson in Sir John Franklin's second land expedition. He accordingly sailed from Liverpool 16 Feb. 1825, and reached New York on the 15th of the following month. The expedition moved westward by the river Hudson and lakes Ontario and Winnipeg to the Mackenzie river. Drummond quitted the main party at Cumberland House to explore the Rocky Mountains. In the spring of 1831 Drummond journeyed on foot by the Alleghany Mountains, reaching St. Louis in July, where he fell ill. In consequence of this delay he was unable to join the fur traders on their expedition to the north. He therefore was compelled to confine his explorations to New Orleans and thereabouts. Hence he made a botanical tour in Texas; at Velasco an attack of cholera prostrated him, but on recovering he continued his labours. He embarked finally for Havana 9 Feb. 1835, and died at that port early in March. The plants sent home by Drummond were described by Sir William Hooker in his ‘Flora Boreali-Americana,’ his ‘Journal of Botany,’ and ‘Companion to the Botanical Magazine.’
B. D. J.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Griffin, John Joseph

​GRIFFIN, JOHN JOSEPH (1802–1877), chemist, was born in London in 1802, and was brought up as a bookseller in the firm of Messrs. Tegg & Co. In 1832 he married Mary Ann Holder, by whom he had twelve children, including William Griffin, F.C.S (d. July 1888), and Charles Griffin, F.S.A. Griffin commenced business in Glasgow as a bookseller and publisher and dealer in chemical ​apparatus, in partnership with his eldest brother. In 1852 the partnership was dissolved (the publishing branch being continued by his nephew as Charles Griffin & Co.), and J. J. Griffin established the firm of chemical apparatus dealers (J. J. Griffin & Sons of 22 Garrick Street, Covent Garden), which is still successfully carried on. Griffin died at his residence, Park Road, Haverstock Hill, on 9 June 1877. He received his training in chemistry in early life at Paris and at Heidelberg. While still a young man he published a translation of Heinrich Rose's ‘Handbuch der analytischen Chemie.’ While in the publishing trade Griffin, who was a man of wide culture, partly edited the ‘Encyclopædia Metropolitana,’ of which his firm were the publishers. Griffin assisted in the foundation of the Chemical Society in 1840, and throughout his life he was earnest in his attempts to popularise the study of chemistry. He devised many new and simple forms of chemical apparatus, and did much in introducing scientific methods into commercial processes. He wrote several books connected with chemistry, including ‘Chemical Recreations’ (1834), ‘Treatise on the Blow-pipe,’ ‘System of Crystallography’ (1841), ‘The Radical Theory in Chemistry’ (1858), ‘Centigrade Testing as applied to the Arts,’ ‘The Chemical Testing of Wines and Spirits’ (1866 and 1872), and ‘Chemical Handicraft’ (1866 and 1877). Nine papers from his pen appeared in various scientific periodicals. Of these the first was ‘On a New Method of Crystallographic Notation;’ ‘Report British Association,’ 1840, p. 88; and the last ‘A Description of a Patent Blast Gas Furnace,’ Chemical News,' 1860, pp. 27, 40.
[Journal Chem. Soc. for 1878, xxxiii. 229; Royal Society's Cat. of Scientific Papers; information furnished by relatives.]
W. J. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Grieve, John

​GRIEVE, JOHN (1781–1836), Scottish poet, son of the Rev. Walter Grieve, minister of the reformed presbyterian church, was born at Dunfermline on 12 Sept. 1781. He was educated at the parish school of Ettrick, where his father had settled on retiring from the ministry. After leaving school he was first a merchant's clerk in Alloa, and then acted for some time as a bank clerk in Greenock; he returned to Alloa, however, to become a partner in the firm of his former employer. In 1804 he began business in Edinburgh, in partnership with Mr. Chalmers Izzet, hat-maker. Here he was successful, and found leisure for literary pursuits. He contributed to various periodicals, his most notable efforts being the songs which he wrote for Hogg's ‘Forest Minstrel.’ He was ​on intimate terms with Hogg, who speaks of his literary advice as well as his material assistance. Hogg's ‘Madoc of the Moor’ is dedicated to him, and he figures as a competing minstrel in the ‘Queen's Wake.’ It was on Grieve's recommendation that the ‘Queen's Wake’ was published, and in regard to the more generous support given him by Grieve and his partner, Hogg says that without this he could never have fought his way in Edinburgh: ‘I was fairly starved into it, and if it had not been for Messrs. Grieve and Scott would in a very short time have been starved out of it again.’ In 1817 Grieve retired from business through ill-health. Until his death he was a well-known figure in Edinburgh literary society. He died unmarried on 4 April 1836, and was buried in St. Mary's, Yarrow.
W. B-e.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Griffin, B. (fl.1596)

Bartholomew Griffin in the ODNB.
​GRIFFIN, B. (fl. 1596), poet, probably related to the Griffins of Dingley, Northamptonshire, has been identified with a Bartholomew Griffin of Coventry, who as buried on 15 Dec. 1602 at Holy Trinity in that town. From his will (P.C.C., 37 Bolein), proved on 13 May 1603 by his widow Katherine it appears that Bartholomew Griffin left a son called Rice, a frequent family name in the Griffins of Dingley. Griffin wrote a series of sixty-two charming sonnets entitled ‘Fidessa, more chaste than kinde,’ 8vo, London, 1596, of which only three copies are at present known, those in the Bodlein, Huth, and Lamport libraries. The dedication to William Essex of Lamborne, Berkshire is followed by an epistle to the gentlemen of the Inns of Court, from which it might be inferred that Griffin himself belonged to an Inn, but no trace of him can be found in the registers. He was more probably an attorney, as he styles himself ‘gentleman’ only. In the same epistle he mentions an unfinished pastoral, which he intended, ‘for varietie sake,’ to have appended to ‘Fidessa,’ but was obliged to postpone it until the next term. No trace of it has been found (Cat. of Huth Library, ii. 630). The third sonnet in ‘Fidessa,’ commencing ‘Venus and yong Adonis sitting by her,’ was reproduced with much textual alteration in the miscellany brought together in 1599 by W. Jaggard, and entitled ‘The Passionate Pilgrime. By W. Shakespeare.’ From the copy in the Bodleian Library one hundred copies of ‘Fidessa’ were reprinted by Bliss, 8vo, Chiswick, 1815; and fifty copies by A. B. Grosart in vol. ii. of ‘Occasional Issues,’ 4to, Manchester, 1876.
[Grosart's Memorial Introduction to Fidessa, 1876; Dowden's Introduction to the Passionate Pilgrim (Shakspere-Quarto Facsimiles, No. x. 1883). pp. xii-xiii, xx.]
G. G.