OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Agnew, Andrew (1793-1849)

1904 Errata appended.
​AGNEW, Sir ANDREW (1793–1849), of Lochnaw, baronet, and promoter of Sabbatarian legislation, was born at Kinsale, Ireland, 21 March 1793. He was seventh baronet of Lochnaw, and head of an ancient and distinguished family in Wigtonshire. His mother was the eldest daughter of John, twenty-sixth Lord Kinsale, premier baron of Ireland. His education was received chiefly from private tutors, but partly at the university of Edinburgh; and he came in his youth under very deep religious impressions. Succeeding his grandfather when only sixteen, he spent his early years chiefly in the improvement of his ancestral castle and estate, and in 1830 he was unanimously elected member of parliament for his own county, Wigtonshire, in the character of ‘a moderate reformer.’ It was after his third election, in 1832, that the Sabbath movement began to attract public attention, mainly through the efforts of an English association termed the ‘Lord's Day Society.’ When it was resolved to prosecute measures in parliament for the protection of the Lord's Day, Sir Andrew Agnew in 1832 took charge of the movement.
The first step to be taken was the appointment of a committee of the House of Commons to procure information on the facts of the case, and the next the introduction of a bill to remedy the evil. Sir Andrew Agnew's bill prohibited all open labour on Sunday, excepting works of necessity and mercy. Sir Andrew Agnew encountered intense and varied opposition on account of the thoroughgoing nature of his bill, but he firmly refused to modify it. The bill was introduced on four several occasions. On the first, the second reading was rejected by 79 votes to 73; on the second, by 161 to 125; on the third by 75 to 43; while on the fourth (in 1837) it was carried by 110 to 66. Having thus at length passed into committee, the clauses were about to be discussed when the death of King William IV caused a dissolution of parliament. To the new House of Commons Sir Andrew was not elected, and no further attempt was made to pursue the movement in parliament.
In a private capacity Sir Andrew continued to advocate the cause in many ways, and not without success, and he threw his energies with much ardour into many of the other religious and philanthropic movements of the time. Of genial and kindly nature, he was much beloved and esteemed among those who knew him. An attack of scarlet fever terminated his life, at the age of 56, on Thursday, 12 April 1849.
W. G. B.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.3 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 178 | i | 13 f.e. | Agnew, Sir Andrew (1793-1849): for Kinsale read Kingsale |
| | | 2 f.e. | after former' insert In 1837 he was conservative M.P. for the Wigton boroughs and after third election insert for Wigtonshire |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Agasse, James Laurent

​ AGASSE, JAMES LAURENT (d. 1846?), animal and landscape painter, was born at Geneva, and received his first instruction in the public art school of that city. Whilst still under twenty he went to Paris, in order that there, in the veterinary school, he might make himself fully acquainted with the anatomy of the horse and other animals. He seems to have subsequently returned to Switzerland. The ‘Tübinger Morgenblatt’ (1808, p. 876) says that ‘Agasse, the celebrated animal painter, now in England, owed his fortune to an accident. About eight years ago, he being then in Switzerland, a rich Englishman asked him to paint his favourite dog which had died. The Englishman was so pleased with his work that he took the painter to England with him.’ Nagler says that he was one of the most celebrated animal painters at the end of the last and the beginning of this century. In Meusel's ‘Neue Miscellaneen’ (viii. 1052 et seq.), a comparison is instituted between Agasse and Wouvermans, wholly in favour of the former. In that partial article much is said of his extreme devotion to art, of his marvellous knowledge of anatomy, of his special fondness for the English racehorses, and his excellence in depicting them. He appears first in our Academy catalogues in 1801 as the exhibitor of the ‘Portrait of a Horse,’ and continued to exhibit more or less until 1845—a fact inconsistent with Nagler's statement that he died ‘about’ 1806. In the catalogues his name is given as J. L. Agasse or Agassé. The number of times Agassé changed his address confirms Redgrave's assertion that ‘he lived poor and died poor.’ The writer of the panegyric already quoted says, however, that it was not for bread or for gain that he laboured, but that he was urged forward by the resistless force of natural genius. Altogether there is sufficient evidence that he was in his day a noteworthy painter, but no material for an unbroken record of his life.
E. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Aglionby, Edward

1904 Errata appended.
​AGLIONBY, EDWARD (1520–1587?), recorder of Warwick, was born at Carlisle in 1520, and educated at Eton, from whence he was elected in 1536 to a scholarship at King's College, Cambridge, of which society he appears to have become a fellow three years later. He graduated B.A. in 1540–1, and M.A. in 1544. Subsequently he was appointed a justice of the peace for Warwickshire, where he possessed considerable property. His residence was at Temple Balshall. In December 1569 the treasure for the supply of the army sent to suppress the northern rebellion was committed to his charge, and he conveyed it safely to Berwick. He was returned for Warwick to the parliament of April 1571, and spoke thrice on the bill for imposing penalties on those who did not attend the services of the Established Church. The measure, he urged, ought to be only temporary in its operation. On 12 Aug. 1572 he was elected recorder of Warwick. Queen Elizabeth visited that town the same day on her way from Bishops Itchington to Kenilworth, and the new recorder made an oration to her majesty, which is printed in Nichols's ‘Progresses.’ In November 1587 ​he resigned the recordership ‘because of his great age, and impotency to travel, and failing of sight.’ He married Catharine, daughter of Sir William Wigston, his predecessor in the office of recorder of Warwick.
Aglionby is the translator of ‘A notable and maruailous epistle of the famous Doctor Mathewe Gribalde, professor of the law in the vniuersitie of Padua: concerning the terrible iudgement of god vpon hym, that for feare of men denyeth Christ, and the knowen veritie: with a Preface of Doctor Caluine. Translated out of Latin intoo English by E. A.’ Worcester (printed by John Oswen), 1550. It was republished at London, without date, by Henry Denham, for William Norton: ‘Now newely imprinted, with a godly and wholesome preseruative against desperation, at all tymes necessarie for the soule: chiefly to be vsed when the deuill dooeth assaulte vs moste fiercely, and death approacheth nighest.’ That Aglionby was the E. A. of the title-page is clear from the acrostic contained in ‘An Epigram of the terrible example of one Francis Spera an Italian, of whom this booke is compiled.’
[Cooper's Athenæ Cantabrigienses, ii. 21, 543; Nichols's Progresses of Queen Elizabeth (1823), i. 309, 310.]
T. C.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.3 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 176 | ii | 41 | Aglionby, Edward: after 1544 insert He was M.P. for Carlisle 1552-3 |
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-30/Chapter 13

Chapter 13
Finance
General Financial Matters
National Revenue Fund
213.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
Equitable shares and allocations of revenue
214.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
National, provincial and municipal budgets
215.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
Treasury control
216.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(a)
(b)
Procurement
217.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
Government guarantees
218.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Remuneration of persons holding public office
219.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Financial and Fiscal Commission
Establishment and functions
220.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Appointment and tenure of members
221.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(2)
(3)
Reports
222.
Central Bank
Establishment
223.
Primary object
224.
(1)
(2)
Powers and functions
225.
Provincial and Local Financial Matters
Provincial Revenue Funds
226.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
National sources of provincial and local government funding
227.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(3)
(4)
Provincial taxes
228.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
Municipal fiscal powers and functions
229.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(4)
(5)
Provincial and municipal loans
230.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(2)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-30/Chapter 10

Chapter 10
Public Administration
Basic values and principles governing public administration
195.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
Public Service Commission
196.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(iv)
(g)
(5)
(6)
(a)
(b)
(7)
(a)
(b)
(8)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
(9)
(10)
(a)
(b)
(11)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(12)
(a)
(b)
(13)
Public Service
197.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-07/Schedule 7

Schedule 7
Laws Repealed
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-30/Chapter 1

Chapter 1
Founding Provisions
Republic of South Africa
1.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Supremacy of Constitution
2.
Citizenship
3.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(3)
National anthem
4.
National flag
5.
Languages
6.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(4)
(5)
(a)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-07/Schedule 5

Schedule 5
Functional Areas of Exclusive Provincial Legislative Competence
Part A
Abattoirs
Ambulance services
Archives other than national archives
Libraries other than national libraries
Liquor licences
Museums other than national museums
Provincial planning
Provincial cultural matters
Provincial recreation and amenities
Provincial sport
Provincial roads and traffic
Veterinary services, excluding regulation of the profession
Part B
The following local government matters to the extent set out for provinces in section 155(6)(a) and (7):
Beaches and amusement facilities
Billboards and the display of advertisements in public places
Cemeteries, funeral parlours and crematoria
Cleansing
Control of public nuisances
Control of undertakings that sell liquor to the public
Facilities for the accommodation, care and burial of animals
Fencing and fences
Licensing of dogs
Licensing and control of undertakings that sell food to the public
Local amenities
Local sport facilities
Markets
Municipal abattoirs
Municipal parks and recreation
Municipal roads
Noise pollution
Pounds
​Public places
Refuse removal, refuse dumps and solid waste disposal
Street trading
Street lighting
Traffic and parking
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-30

This is the text of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, as amended on 30 October 1998 by the Constitution Third Amendment Act of 1998.
To introduce a new Constitution for the Republic of South Africa and to provide for matters incidental thereto
as amended by
Constitution First Amendment Act of 1997 Constitution Second Amendment Act of 1998 Constitution Third Amendment Act of 1998
Contents
* Preamble
* Chapter 1
* Founding Provisions
* Chapter 2
* Bill of Rights
* Chapter 3
* Co-operative Government
* Chapter 4
* Parliament
* Chapter 5
* The President and National Executive
* Chapter 6
* Provinces
* Chapter 7
* Local Government
* Chapter 8
* Courts and Administration of Justice
* Chapter 9
* State Institutions Supporting Constitutional Democracy
* Chapter 10
* Public Administration
* Chapter 11
* Security Services
* Chapter 12
* Traditional Leaders
* Chapter 13
* Finance
* Chapter 14
* General Provisions
* Schedule 1
* National Flag
* Schedule 2
* Oaths and Solemn Affirmations
* Schedule 3
* Election Procedures
* Schedule 4
* Functional Areas of Concurrent National and Provincial Legislative Competence
* Schedule 5
* Functional Areas of Exclusive Provincial Competence
* Schedule 6
* Transitional Arrangements
* Schedule 7
* Laws Repealed
Preamble
We, the people of South Africa,
Recognise the injustices of our past;
Honour those who suffered for justice and freedom in our land;
Respect those who have worked to build and develop our country; and
Believe that South Africa belongs to all who live in it, united in our diversity.
We therefore, through our freely elected representatives, adopt this Constitution as the supreme law of the Republic so as to—
Heal the divisions of the past and establish a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights;
Lay the foundations for a democratic and open society in which government is based on the will of the people and every citizen is equally protected by law;
Improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person; and
Build a united and democratic South Africa able to take its rightful place as a sovereign state in the family of nations.
May God protect our people.
Nkosi Sikelel’ iAfrika. Morena boloka setjhaba sa heso. God seën Suid-Afrika. God bless South Africa. Mudzimu fhatutshedza Afurika. Hosi katekisa Afrika.
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-30/Chapter 11

Chapter 11
Security Services
Governing principles
198.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Establishment, structuring and conduct of security services
199.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(a)
(b)
(8)
Defence
Defence force
200.
(1)
(2)
Political responsibility
201.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(4)
Command of defence force
202.
(1)
(2)
State of national defence
203.
(1)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(2)
(3)
Defence civilian secretariat
204.
Police
Police service
205.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Political responsibility
206.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(c)
(5)
(a)
(b)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
Control of police service
207.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(a)
(b)
(5)
(6)
Police civilian secretariat
208.
Intelligence
Establishment and control of intelligence services
209.
(1)
(2)
Powers, functions and monitoring
210.
(a)
(b)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-30/Chapter 12

Chapter 12
Traditional Leaders
Recognition
211.
(1)
(2)
(3)
Role of traditional leaders
212.
(1)
(2)
(a)
(b)
# Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996/1998-10-30/Chapter 14

Chapter 14
General Provisions
International Law
International agreements
231.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
Customary international law
232.
Application of international law
233.
Other matters
Charters of Rights
234.
Self-determination
235.
Funding for political parties
236.
Diligent performance of obligations
237.
Agency and delegation
238.
(a)
(b)
Definitions
239.
“national legislation” includes —
(a)
(b)
“organ of state” means —
(a)
(b)
(i)
(ii)
but does not include a court or a judicial officer;
​“provincial legislation” includes —
(a)
(b)
Inconsistencies between different texts
240.
Transitional arrangements
241.
Repeal of laws
242.
Short title and commencement
243.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Briggs, John (1785-1875)

1904 Errata appended.
​BRIGGS, JOHN (1785–1875), Indian officer, entered the Madras infantry in 1801, He took part in both the Mahratta wars of the present century, serving in the campaign which ended that eventful struggle as a political officer under Sir John Malcolm, whom he had previously accompanied on his mission to Persia in 1810. He was one of Mountstuart Elphinstone's assistants in the Dekhan, subsequently served in Khandesh, and succeeded Captain Grant Duff as resident at Sattára, after which, in 1831, he was appointed senior member of the board of commissioners for the government of Mysore when the administration of that state was assumed by the British government owing to the misrule of the maharájá. His appointment to this office, which was made by the governor-general, Lord William Bentinck, was not agreeable to the government of Madras, and after a somewhat stormy tenure of office, which lasted barely a year, Briggs resigned his post in September 1832, and was transferred to the residency of Nágpur, where he remained until 1835. In that year he left India, and never returned. In 1838 he attained the military rank of major-general. After his return to England he took a prominent part as a member of the court of proprietors of the East India Company in the discussion of Indian affairs, and was a vigorous opponent of Lord Dalhousie's annexation policy. He was also an active member of the Anti-Corn-law League. He was a good Persian scholar, and translated Ferishta's 'Mohammadan Power in India,' and the 'Siyar-ul-Murákhirin,' which recorded the decline of the Moghul power. He was also the author of an essay on the land tax of India, and in a series of 'Letters addressed to a young person in India' he discussed in a light but instructive style various questions bearing upon the conduct of young Indian officers, civil and military, and especially their treatment of the natives. Briggs was elected a fellow of the Royal Society in recognition of his proficiency in oriental literature. He died at Burgess Hill, Sussex, on 27 April 1875, at the age of eighty-nine.
[Allen's Indian Mail. 1875; Letters addressed to a Young Person in India, by Lieutenant-colonel John Briggs, late Resident at Sattára; On the Land Tax of India. &c., by Lieutenant-colonel John Briggs, London, 1830; Memoir of General John Briggs, by Major Evans Bell, London, 1885.]
A. J. A.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.36 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 328 | ii | 22 | Briggs, John (1785-1875) : after major-general insert of lieut.-general 1851 and full general 6 Feb. 1861 |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Briggs, Henry Perronet

1904 Errata appended.
​BRIGGS, HENRY PERRONET (1793–1844), subject and portrait painter, was born at Walworth in 1793; he was of a Norfolk family and related to Opie the artist. While still at school at Epping he sent two well-executed engravings to the 'Gentleman's Magazine,' and in 1811 entered as a student at the Royal Academy, where he began to exhibit in 1814. From that time onwards until his death he was a constant exhibitor at the annual exhibitions of the Academy, his paintings being for the most part historical in subject, though after his election as an academician in 1832 he devoted his attention almost exclusively to portraiture. Two of his historical pictures, first exhibited at the Academy in 1826 and 1827, are now in the National Gallery: No. 375, the 'First Conference between the Spaniards and Peruvians, 1531,' and No. 376, 'Juliet and the Nurse.' His large painting of 'George III presenting the Sword to Lord Howe on board the Queen Charlotte, 1794,' was purchased of him by the British Institution, and presented to Greenwich Hospital. Among the more successful of the various Shakespearean scenes delineated by him may be mentioned his 'Othello relating his adventures to Desdemona.' Of his numerous portraits, the best perhaps was that of Lord Eldon. The pictures painted by Briggs, though not without merits of construction, cannot be said to belong to the highest class of art, his colouring and flesh-tints especially being unpleasing. He died in London on 18 Jan. 1844.
[Athenæum, 27 Jan. 1844; Art Union, March 1844; Catalogue of the National Gallery (British and Modern Schools); Redgrave's Dict. of Artists; Redgraves' Century of Painters, ii. pp. 78, 79.]
W. W.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.36 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 327 | ii | 15 | Briggs, Henry P.: for 1793 read 1791? |
| | | 16 | after painter insert son of John Hobart Briggs |
| | | 17-18 | for in 1793; he was . . . Opie the artist read about 1791; he was descended from Vincent Perronet [q. v.] whose daughter Ellizabeth married William Briggs of the Customs House, secretary to the Wesleys |
| | | 11 f.e. | after 1844 insert He married Eliza Alderson, by whom he had one son who died young, and a daughter who married John Carr, rector of Adisham, Kent |
| | | 7 f.e. | for Redgraves' read Redgrave's |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Briggs, John Joseph

​BRIGGS, JOHN JOSEPH (1819–1876), naturalist and topographer, was born in the village of King's Newton, near Melbourne, Derbyshire, 6 March 1819. His father, John Briggs, who married his cousin, Mary Briggs, was born and resided for eighty-eight years on the same farm, at King's Newton, which had been the freehold of his ancestors for three centuries. John Joseph went, in 1828, to the boarding school of Mr. Thomas Rossel Potter, ​the well-known historian of ‘Charnwood Forest,’ at Wymeswold, Leicestershire, and in 1833 to the Rev. Solomon Saxon, of Darley Dale. Early in life he was apprenticed to Mr. Bemrose, the venerable head of the printing firm of Bemrose & Sons, Derby; but ill-health compelling him to relinquish an indoor occupation, he thenceforward devoted himself, like his ancestors, to farming. He became the faithful chronicler of the seasons, and recorded all the facts and occurrences coming within his observation during at least thirty years. He kept these notes carefully bound in manuscript volumes, and shortly before his death they were announced for publication, but have not yet been given to the world. Meanwhile he utilised his notes regularly in the ‘Field’ newspaper, in which as early as 1855 he had originated ‘The Naturalists' Column,’ and entered into correspondence with the leading naturalists of the time. His papers also in the ‘Zoologist,’ ‘Critic,’ ‘Reliquary,’ ‘Sun,’ ‘Derby Reporter,’ and ‘Leicestershire Guardian’ (edited by his old schoolmaster Mr. Potter), were full of picturesque descriptions of nature and sketches of places and objects in the midland counties of archæological and antiquarian interest. He became a fellow of the Royal Society of Literature, and a member of the British Archæological Association. In 1869 he married Hannah Soar of Chellaston. Shortly before his death he had retired upon an ample competency, but his health failed, and he died at the place of his birth on 23 March 1876, leaving a widow, a son, and three daughters.
His works consist of:
* ‘Melbourne, a Sketch of its History and Antiquity,’ 1839, 4to.
* ‘History of Melbourne, including Biographical Notices,’ &c., with plates and woodcuts, Derby, 1852, 8vo, pp. 206.
* ‘The Trent and other Poems,’ Derby, 1857, 8vo; with additions, Derby, 1859, 8vo.
* ‘The Peacock at Rowsley,’ London, 1869, 8vo, a gossiping book about fishing and country life, descriptive of a well-known resort of anglers at the junction of the Wye and Derwent.
* ‘Guide to Melbourne and King's Newton,’ Derby, 1870, 8vo.
* ‘History and Antiquities of Hemington, Leicestershire,’ twelve copies, privately printed, with coloured lithographs and woodcuts, London, 1873, large 4to.
Besides these works and the unpublished observations on natural history, Briggs had been for many years collecting materials for a book to be entitled ‘The Worthies of Derbyshire,’ for which we believe he had notes for at least 700 memoirs. This work, however, has not been published.
[Briggs's Works; Reliquary, 1876; personal recollections.]
J. W.-G.