OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# American Medical Biographies/Harlow, Henry Mills

​Harlow, Henry Mills (1821–1893).
Well known for his long superintendency of the Maine Insane Asylum at Augusta, Henry Mills Harlow was born in Westminster, Vermont, April 19, 1821, inheriting from his parents an excellent physical and mental constitution. He studied at the Ashby, Massachusetts, Academy and at the Burr Seminary in Vermont, teaching school when very young and studying medicine with Dr. Alfred Hitchcock (q. v.), of Ashby, in 1841. He then took a course of lectures at the Harvard Medical School and graduated at the Berkshire Medical Institution in 1844. He also took private instruction in nervous diseases from Prof. Rust Palmer, at Woodstock, Vermont, where he also attended lectures.
After graduating he was appointed assistant at the Vermont Insane Asylum. Busy in the study of the insane, he contributed papers of great value upon this topic to the meetings of the Maine Medical Association, of which he was President in 1861.
He was also active in the Society of Superintendents of the Insane Asylums of America, being often called upon by the law courts to advise concerning the mental condition of alleged criminals and never failing to give satisfaction to the bench, bar and jury.
Few physicians have met with as many misfortunes as did Dr. Harlow during the course of his life. He had, for instance, the misfortune to lose largely the sight of both eyes from iritis so that for a long time he was unable to read, except with the greatest difficulty. He also lost a charming daughter, and had the additional and triple misfortune to lose almost in a single day, from acute appendicitis, his eldest son, Henry Williams Harlow, a most promising medical graduate.
Dr. Harlow married Louisa Stone Brooks, of Augusta, Maine, October 14, 1852. Two children survived him, a daughter, who married Dr. Oscar Davies of Augusta, Maine, and a son, George Arthur, A. B. Amherst 1887, M. D. Harvard 1893.
At the end of thirty-two years of devoted care to the insane, Dr. Harlow resigned and retired to his homestead; attended to some small medical works, gave opinions when sought, and died one day quite suddenly, as he was dictating a letter, on April 5, 1893.
# American Medical Biographies/Harlow, John Martyn

* related authors: John Martyn Harlow.
* sister projects: Wikipedia article, Wikidata item.
​Harlow, John Martyn (1819–1907).
John Martyn Harlow was born in Whitehall, New York, November 25, 1819, son of Ransom and Annis Martyn Harlow, and at the time of death was eighty-seven years old. He fitted for college at the Methodist Collegiate Institute at West Poultney, Vermont, and at the Ashby Academy, Ashby, Massachusetts. In 1840 he began to study medicine and surgery at the Philadelphia School of Anatomy, and studied afterwards at the Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia, graduating at the latter place in 1844.
In 1845 he began to practise in Cavendish, Vermont, where he remained for fifteen years, until obliged to retire on account of ill health. It was while at this place that he took charge of the case which gave him a world​wide fame among medical men, of a usually fatal wound of the brain. A young man who was tamping a hole in a rock, with an iron bar an inch in diameter and three feet seven inches long, had the bar blown through his skull by the premature discharge of a blast. The explosion drove the bar completely through his head, and high in the air. Fortunately the bar was round in shape and smoothed by use. The event occurred on the thirteenth of September, 1848, and the victim of the accident lived until May 21, 1861, when he died in San Francisco, California.
Dr. Harlow published an account of this remarkable case, entitled, "Recovery from the Passage of an Iron Bar through the Head," and the skull and bar are now in the Warren Museum of the Harvard Medical School in Boston.
Returning to Philadelphia, Dr. Harlow passed nearly three years in travel and study, and resumed practice in Woburn in the autumn of 1861, attaining a large practice and holding the following offices of trust: member of school committee, president of the Woburn National Bank, member of the Massachusetts Senate and of the Governor's Council, trustee of the Woburn Public Library and of the Massachusetts General Hospital.
He died in Woburn, May 18, 1907. He was married twice—first to Charlotte Davis, of Acton, who died about 1887; then to his second wife, Frances Kimball, of Woburn, who survived him. There were no children.
# American Medical Biographies/Harris, Chapin Aaron

​Harris, Chapin Aaron (1806–1860).
Chapin was born at Pompey, Onondaga County, New York, May 6, 1806, the son of John and Elizabeth Brundage Harris, natives of England. When about seventeen he moved to Madison, Ohio, and studied under his brother John, who was practising medicine there. After pursuing the course of study prescribed by law, he was examined by the Board of Medical Censors of Ohio and was licensed to practise. He commenced to practise himself at Greenfield, Highland County, Ohio, and continued there some years, when his attention was called to the possibilities of dentistry by his brother John, who had taken it up in 1827. In 1883, after study and practise of dentistry, Chapin settled in Baltimore, and during the next two years contributed to the pages of medical and periodical literature.
He published his first book in 1839; it was entitled, "The Dental Art: A Practical Treatise on Dental Surgery," and went through thirteen editions. Many thousand copies of this book, probably the most popular on dental work ever published, were sold. Next came his "Dictionary of Dental Science," a dictionary of dental science, biography, bibliography, and medical terminology, 1849 (five editions), the later editions also edited by Gorgas. In 1846 he revised with numerous additions Joseph Fox's "Disease of the Human Teeth, Their Natural History and Functions, with Mode of Applying Artificial Teeth, Etc." He also translated for the American Journal of Dental Science the works of a number of French authors.
He was a laborious and untiring worker, writing far into the morning after days of ceaseless labor and fatigue and keeping this up to the end of his life. For the preservation and extension of the experience of dentists he interested some of his New York brethren, and with their aid founded The American Journal of Dental Science. In the need for educational advantages for dentists they joined him in a petition to the authorities of Maryland University to found a dental department. This effort failing, together with a similar one in one of the New York medical colleges, they determined upon independent action and during 1839–40 secured signatures of citizens to the Legislature of Maryland for the incorporation of a College of Dental Surgery in Baltimore. The charter was granted February 1, 1840. Dr. Harris received several degrees—M. A. from the University of Maryland; M. D. from Washington Medical College, Baltimore, 1838; D. D. S. from Philadelphia Dental College, 1854. The Harris Dental Association of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, founded in 1867, was named in his honor. He was a diligent reader and student and collected a large and valuable private library.
He was remarkably handsome; was six feet two and a half inches in height and finely ​proportioned, with hazel eyes and a most benevolent expression.
His death occurred on September 29, 1860, after an illness of eight months from an obscure disease of the liver.
He married, January 11, 1826, Lucinda Heath, daughter of the Rev. Barton Dawnes Hawley, of White Chimneys, Loudon County, Virginia, and had nine children.
# American Medical Biographies/Harris, Robert Patterson

​Harris, Robert Patterson (1822–1899).
Robert Patterson was born in Chester Valley, Chester County, Pennsylvania, in 1822, the son of Dr. Robert William Harris, who married the daughter of Robert Patterson, provost of the University of Pennsylvania, and had six children whom he trained wisely but very strictly, especially with regard to Sunday observance. I have not been able to discover to which school Robert the younger went as a boy. He received his A. B. degree from the University of Pennsylvania in 1841, and A. M. and M. D. in 1844, and then for a year worked at the Demilt Dispensary in New York. Then followed some clinical study in Paris and a final settling down to work with his father in Philadelphia, where he practised for over thirty-five years. Surgery possessed the strongest possible attraction for him and he followed its development along gynecological lines with extreme interest. He was, besides, perhaps the most prominent medical statistician this country has ever seen. He presented the College of Physicians with an autograph manuscript of all the Cesarean sections in the United States up to date and this study brought to his notice cases in which lacerations of the abdomen ​and of the uterus by the horns of cattle had resulted in the delivery of a living child. He published a paper in the American Journal of Obstetrics (1887), entitled "Laceration of the Abdomen and Uterus in Pregnant Women," which gave nine cases of cow-horn delivery with five living children, and in 1892 another "Abdominal and Uterine Tolerance in Pregnant Women," giving eleven more cases— "a better showing for the cow horn than the knife," as he remarked.
Another valuable statistical object was collecting the fate of all the viable extrauterine children. A statistical paper on "Ectopic Gestation" involved him in an imbroglio with Lawson Tait who called him "a library surgeon." This paper was translated into German by A. Eidman of Frankfürt-on-Main and appeared in the Monatschrift für Geburtshülfe und Gynäkologie for August, 1897. Many of the editorials in the Medical News (Philadelphia) were from his pen. He took up Loretta's operation for divulsion of the pylorus. He edited "Playfair's Midwifery" in this country for Lea Brothers. The last article he wrote, "Congenital Absence of the Penis with the Urethra making its Exit into or below the Rectum," appeared in the Philadelphia Medical Journal for January, 1893.
In February of 1899 he had a second stroke of paralysis following one in 1895, and he died after a few days' illness in his seventy-seventh year. His income was always rather slender and he never married or kept a house but boarded out.
Besides his private value as a firm friend and Christian he is entitled to great respect and admiration as a man who investigated knowledge accumulated in the past and placed all that was valuable in it at the service of others.
# American Medical Biographies/Harris, Thaddeus William

​Harris, Thaddeus William (1795–1856).
Thaddeus William Harris, physician, botanist and entomologist, was born in Dorchester, Massachusetts, November 12, 1795. He was the son of Thaddeus Mason Harris (1768– 1842), a minister and descendant of William Harris, who came to this country with Roger Williams, and was author of "Journal of a Tour of the Territory Northwest of the Alleghany Mountains" (1805); "A Natural History of the Bible" (1821); and "Biographical Memoirs of James Oglethorpe" (1841).
Thaddeus William Harris graduated at Harvard University in 1815, received his A.M., in course and his M. D. in 1820; he practised at Milton Hill. In 1831 he was made instructor in botany and entomology at Harvard, also holding the position of librarian. In 1837 he became commissioner for the Zoological and Botanical Survey of Massachusetts and collected specimens and made a catalogue of insects common to Massachusetts, showing 2,350 different species. He was author of "A Report on the Insects of Massachusetts Injurious to Vegetation" (Cambridge, 1841); a second impression was published in 1842 and a new and enlarged edition appeared in 1852.
He organized the Harvard Students' Natural History Society. His death occurred at Cambridge, Massachusetts, January 16, 1856. His son, William Thaddeus Harris (1826– 1854), graduated at Harvard University in 1846; he edited Hubbard's "History of New England," and published "Epitaphs from the Old Burying-Ground at Cambridge"; the son died at the age of twenty-eight.
# American Medical Biographies/Harlan, Richard

​Harlan, Richard (1796–1843).
Richard Harlan anatomist, was born in Philadelphia, September 19, 1796, and previous to graduation at the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania in 1818, made a voyage to Calcutta as surgeon of an East India ship. In 1818 Dr. I. Parrish (q. v.) opened a private dissecting room in Philadelphia and placed Harlan in charge of it. He practised in Philadelphia, was elected in 1821 professor of comparative anatomy in the Philadelphia Museum, and was surgeon to the Philadelphia Hospital. In 1832, after the appearance of the Asiatic cholera in Montreal, he was appointed, together with Dr. Meigs and Dr. Jackson, to proceed to that city and obtain information concerning the best mode of treating that terrible disease. In 1838 he visited Europe a second time, and after his return in 1839 removed to New Orleans, and became in 1843 vice-president of the Louisiana State Medical Society. He was a member of many learned societies in this country and abroad. He died of apoplexy in New Orleans, September 30, 1843, at the age of 47. Dr. Harlan was father of the ophthalmologist George Cuvier Harlan (q. v.).
His chief writings were: "Anatomical Investigations," comprising descriptions of various fasciæ of the brain, 10 pt. (8°, Philadelphia, 1824); Observations on the Genus Salamandra," Philadelphia, 1824; "Fauna Americana," being a description of the mammiferous animals inhabiting North America, 1825; "Medical and Physical Researches," Philadelphia, 1835, a collection of previous medical essays; translation of Gannal's "History of Embalming," 1840.
# American Medical Biographies/Harmon, Elijah Dewey

​Harmon, Elijah Dewey (1782–1869).
Elijah Dewey Harmon, father of medicine at Chicago, was born at Bennington, Vermont, August 20, 1782. He was the eldest son of Ezekiel Harmon, descended from John Harmon, who came to America in 1636 and settled at Springfield, Massachusetts. The Harmon genealogy now contains more than three thousand names. Dr. Harmon studied medicine with Dr. Swift of Manchester, Vermont, and settled at Burlington, in that state, in 1806. He coninued in practice there until 1812, when he entered the medical service of the government and served through the war. He was assistant surgeon on Commodore McDonough's flagship, the Saratoga, in the battle of Plattsburg, September 11, 1814. After the war he resumed practice at Burlington until financial reverses in 1829 brought about his removal West.
In May, 1830, he journeyed to Chicago and was installed as surgeon in Fort Dearborn. At that time and for two years he was the only physician of whom we have any ​account at Chicago. When his family arrived the next year they brought his medical library, long unequaled in Chicago. When the cholera was brought to Chicago by General Scott's army in 1832, Hannon took care of the garrison through the epidemic. In the same year Harmon did the first capital surgical operation in Chicago, an amputation of the frozen feet of a half-breed Canadian. In the spring of 1833 he preempted 130 acres of land next to the lake south of what is now 16th street. In order to make good his title he built a log-house on the property and resided there until 1834 or 1835, when, in common with many others, he was seized with the Texas land fever and went to that state, settling at a town called Bastrop, where he acquired five or six leagues of land. After five years in that sparsely settled region he returned to Chicago in 1840 for the more profitable practice of his profession. His home was at the southwest corner of Michigan avenue and Harmon Court, named in his honor.
When age called for relaxation from active practice he gradually withdrew and passed his last years in the cultivation of his lovely flower garden. He was called by the profession the father of medicine at Chicago. His death occurred January 3, 1869, at the advanced age of 87 years.
# American Medical Biographies/Harris, Elisha

​Harris, Elisha (1824–1884).
Elisha Harris, pioneer statistician and expert on public health, was born at Westminster, Vermont, March 5, 1824. The son of a farmer, he attended schools in the neighborhood and helped his father on the farm; when sufficiently advanced he taught school and then studied medicine under Dr. S. B. Woolworth, graduating at the College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, in 1849, and beginning practice in that city.
In 1855 he was appointed superintendent and physician-in-chief of the Quarantine Hospital on Staten Island, and in 1859 was given charge of the floating hospital anchored below the Narrows facing the sea.
During the Civil War he was a leading spirit in sanitation and with Henry C. Bellows and others organized the National Sanitary Commission; he invented a railway ambulance and received a bronze medal from the Paris Exposition of 1867; the Société des Sécours aux Blessés awarded him a silver medal. His ambulance was used in the Franco-Prussian War.
At the close of the war, Harris supervised the sanitary survey of New York. His tenement house survey was a thorough going investigation fruitful in results to the poor of the city.
When the New York Metropolitan Board of Health was organized in 1866 he was appointed register of records, a post ably filled until 1870, when a change of administration brought about his retirement. In 1873 he was made registrar of vital statistics, but when city politics changed in 1876, this position was taken from him. He remained faithful to the work of sanitation in spite of his ill-treatment at the hands of the depraved politicians, who then, as now, ever keep a more or less continuous throttling grip on New York City.
He was ever a prolific writer on public health questions; as samples of his writings and prophetic vision we may cite: "Four Reports on Quarantine Hospitals, Yellow Fever and Cholera"; "An Essay on Pestilential Diseases"; "Ventilation of American Dwellings"; "Review of the Sanitary Experiences of the Crimean Campaign"; "A History of the Work and Purposes of the United States Sanitary Commission"; "A Practical Manual on Infectious and Contagious Diseases in Camps, Hospitals and Ships"; "The Report on the Sanitary Condition and Wants of New York"; "The Criminality of Drunkenness"; "Nine Reports on Reformatory and Penal Institutions"; "Six Reports of the Bureau of Vital Statistics of New York."
Harris maintained a wide correspondence with distinguished sanitarians throughout the United States and Europe.
When the legislature organized the State Board of Health, in 1880, he was one of the three commissioners, and was unanimously elected secretary and superintendent of vital statistics.
He died at Albany, January 31, 1884.
# American Medical Biographies/Harmon, John B.

​Harmon, John B. (1780–1858).
John B. Harmon, of Warm, Ohio, founder of the Harmon family in Ohio, was born in Rupert, Vermont, October 19, 1780. He was one of the pioneer physicians of Trumbull County, coming to Ohio with his parents in 1800. He first studied medicine with Dr. Josiah Blackman of Vermont and subsequently with Dr. Enoch Leavilt of Leaviltsburg and in the War of 1812 served as army surgeon A leading surgeon of that section of the state, he performed several major operations before the days of general anesthesia, in 1822 removing a cancerous mass from beneath the liver. About four years before his death, which occurred February 7, 1858, he retired from active practice. On February 6, 1822, he married Miss Sarah Dana of Pembroke, New York, and had six children, John, Julian, Charles, Edward, Sarah and Willie. Of these, Julian became a physician and practised in Warren, Ohio.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mittag

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Mittag. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mittag, masculine, ‘midday, noon, south,’ from mitt and Tag. Compare Middle High German mettetac, Old High German mittitag.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mitte

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Mitte. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mitte, feminine, ‘middle,’ from Middle High German mitte, Old High German mittî, feminine, an abstract form of the adjective. Compare the following article.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Monat

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Monat. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Monat, masculine (with Modern High German ô from Middle High German â before a nasal, as in Mohn, Mond, Brombeere, ohne, &c.), from the equivalent Middle High German mânôt (d), Old High German mânôd, masculine, ‘month’; compare Gothic mênôþs, Anglo-Saxon mônað, English month. The common Teutonic term mênôþ-, ‘month’ (pre-Teutonic mênôt-), seems identical with Mond, Old Teutonic mênin-. The computation of time according to the periods of the moon is perhaps Old Aryan, since the terms for month in the Aryan languages agree approximately. See under Mond.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mond

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Mond. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mond, masculine, ‘moon,’ from Middle High German mâne, masculine, ‘moon, month’ (Middle High German rarely feminine), Old High German mâno, masculine, ‘moon’; even in Middle High German occurs a form with a final dental, mânt, mânde, which is due to confusion with mânet (yet compare Elentier and niemand), Gothic mêna, Anglo-Saxon môna, masculine, English moon, Dutch maan. In the form mêno, masculine, a common Teutonic term for ‘moon’ (a later feminine form appears in Middle High German mœnîn, Old High German mânîn); it is based, like most of the terms for ‘moon’ and ‘month’ in the cognate Aryan languages, on Aryan mên, mênôt, or mênes. Compare Sanscrit mâs, masculine (for mâis, mêns), ‘moon, month,’ mâsa, masculine, ‘month,’ Greek μήν (for *μήνς), ‘month,’ Latin mensis, ‘month,’ Old Slovenian měsęcĭ, masculine, ‘moon, month,’ Lithuanian měnů, ‘moon,’ měnesis, ‘month,’ Old Irish mí. The exact relation of Teutonic mênôþ-, mênan-, to Latin-Greek mêns- (*mênes-) is disputed. The derivation of the stems mên, mêns, from the Aryan root mē̆, ‘to measure’ (Sanscrit mâ, ‘to measure, mete out,’ mâtram, Greek μέτρον, ‘measure,’ see Mahl, messen), may accord with the facts of the case (the moon was regarded as the measurer of time), yet from the historical and linguistic standpoint it cannot be considered a certainty. Compare Monat and Montag.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Mohr

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Mohr. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Mohr, masculine, ‘Moor,’ from Middle High German and Old High German môr, masculine; derived from Middle Latin Maurus, whence also French More, Italian and Spanish Moro.
# An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language/Annotated/Molke

| This annotated version expands the abbreviations in the original entry Molke. | Random word Special:RandomInCategory/Annotated entries in Kluge's Etymological Dictionary of the German Language |
​ Molke, feminine, ‘whey,’ from Middle High German molken, molchen (also with u-ü instead of o), neuter, ‘whey,’ also ‘milk and that which is prepared from milk’; Old High German *molchan is wanting. Anglo-Saxon molcen, neuter, testifies, however, to the antiquity of Middle High German molken, which is a derivative of melken, Teutonic root melk; compare melken and Milch.