OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# The New Student's Reference Work/Baden-Baden

See also Baden-Baden on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Baden-Baden, a town in the duchy of Baden, famous as a summer resort. It lies on the edge of the Black Forest. Though its actual population is only about 16,200, its summer visitors average over 50,000, and many strangers remain through the winter. Its hot springs, which attract many strangers, were known in the time of the Romans, Baden-Baden claiming to have been founded by Hadrian in the 2d century. In laying the foundations of the summer home of the grand duke, the remains of a vapor bath and a dungeon of that period were found. There are thirteen hot springs, with a temperature of 115° to 150°. The chief spring discharges in twenty-four hours about 4,200 cubic feet of water. The water of these springs is useful in skin diseases, gout and rheumatism. The attraction of Baden-Baden used to be its gaming tables, once the most famous in Europe, but now closed, which, besides paying a rent of $70,000, devoted as large a sum to adorning the promenades and public gardens. The scenery is beautiful. The picturesque ruins of the old castle still crown the summit of the Schlossberg, from which is had a fine view of the Rhine valley.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bacon, Nathaniel

See also Nathaniel Bacon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Bacon, Nathaniel, a colonial leader, of English birth, the chief figure in Bacon’s Rebellion, in Virginia, under the governorship of Sir Wm. Berkeley. He was born in Suffolk, England, January 2, 1647, and died (nominally a rebel) after the burning of Jamestown, Va., in October, 1676. He was educated at the London Inns of Court as a lawyer, and emigrating to Virginia, settled on the upper James River, and became a member of the governor’s council. The colonists of the region were then harassed by the Indians, and being dissatisfied with Governor Berkeley’s measures for the defense of the colony, they chose Bacon as their leader in the Indian war. Berkeley, however, proclaimed the expedition a treasonable one, and captured and tried Bacon; but he was acquitted by the council and reinstated as a member of the body. Bacon meanwhile opposed the governor’s authority in other ways, and especially his arbitrary and unjust taxation of the colonists, his inefficient Indian policy; and his measures of restricted suffrage. The Indians again invading the colony, Bacon once more set out to subdue them. This he did, but had also to fight the governor and his forces, who once more had proclaimed Bacon a rebel. In the struggle, Jamestown, the capital of the colony, was taken by Bacon and burned, the governor’s forces being routed, while Berkeley himself had to take refuge on an English ship in the river. At this juncture Bacon, however, died, and the war (styled Bacon’s Rebellion) came to an end. Its influence on the subsequent American Revolution is capable of being traced.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bache, Alexander Dallas

See also Alexander Dallas Bache on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Bache (bāk), Alexander Dallas, a noted American scientist. He was a great-grandson of Benjamin Franklin, and was born at Philadelphia in 1806. He graduated with high honors at West Point, where he was made an instructor. He was professor of natural philosophy and chemistry in the University of Pennsylvania, at Philadelphia, and later president of Girard College at the same place. He organized a system of free schools in Philadelphia. He was superintendent of the United States coast survey and regent of the Smithsonian institution. He was prominent in scientific circles, and was connected with many scientific societies in both hemispheres. He died at Newport, Rhode Island, February 17, 1867.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bacon, Leonard

See also Leonard Bacon on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Ba′con, Leonard, was the son of a missionary to the Indians, and was born at Detroit, Mich., in 1802. After graduating at Yale College and Andover Theological Seminary, he was a Congregational pastor at New Haven for many years. In 1866 he became professor of theology at Yale Divinity School and, later, lecturer on church history. He was a prominent contributor to the Christian Spectator and the New Englandert and was for several years one of the editors of the New York Independent. He also published a number of works. He died at New Haven, Conn., December 24, 1881.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Bacteria

See also Bacteria on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Bacte′ria, an immense group of extremely small plants which have attracted great attention on account of their relation to man and his interests. They are the smallest known of living organisms, whose adult bodies are sometimes barely visible under the highest powers of the microscope. They multiply by division with wonderful rapidity, and occur in the air, in the water, in the soil, in the bodies of plants and animals. Some of them are harmless, some are useful, and some are exceedingly dangerous. They are the agents of the processes known as fermentation and decay, inducing fruit juices, milk, etc. to sour, and also pus to form in connection with wounds and decay. What is called antiseptic surgery is the use of various means to exclude bacteria and so prevent inflammation and decay. As producers of disease, bacteria are known by various names, such as bacilli, microbes, germs, etc. They are the causes of contagious diseases, such as pear-blight and melon-wilt among plants, and such human diseases as tuberculosis, cholera, diphtheria, typhoid fever, etc. From the fact that bacteria are mostly ciliated and have powers of locomotion, they are associated in the popular mind with animals.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Baden-Powell, Robert Stephenson Smyth

See also Robert Baden-Powell, 1st Baron Baden-Powell on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Baden-Powell (bā'-den-pō' ĕl), Robert Stephenson Smyth, British general and one of the dashing and popular figures in the Boer war (1899–1901), is the son of the late Rev. Baden-Powell of Oxford, and was born February 22, 1857 and educated at Charterhouse, London. In 1876 he joined the 13th English Hussars, and served as adjutant of that regiment in India, Afghanistan and South Africa. In 1887–89 he served in South Africa as assistant military secretary on the staff took part in the operations in Zululand, for which he was mentioned in dispatches; was employed for a time in Malta; and in the command of the native levies in the war in Ashanti (for which he received a star and was raised to the rank of lieutenant-colonel). In the Matabele War, he was chief staff officer in that campaign. In the Boer War, he was given command of the 5th Dragoon Guards, and with a force of 1,200 men was besieged in Mafeking, on the Bechuanaland frontier, from October, 1899 till the town was relieved (May 18, 1900), the general displaying great tact and coolness in the conduct of the defense. He afterward took part in the advance on Pretoria, and was given command of the South African police for the pacification of the country. He is now British Inspector-General of Cavalry, and is the author of a work on Reconnoissance and Scouting, Vidette Duty, Cavalry instruction, The Downfall of Prempeh, The Matabele Campaign and on Pig-Sticking or Hog-Hunting. He is a noted sportsman, actor and athlete.
# The New Student's Reference Work/Baden, The Grand Duchy of

See also Baden on Wikipedia, and the disclaimer.
Baden (bä' den), The Grand Duchy of, The Grand Duchy of, lies in the southwestern corner of the German empire, separated from Switzerland by the Rhine. It is divided into a plain and highlands, and of the latter the Black Forest is the most important part. It is drained by the Rhine and Danube, and so pours its waters into two opposite seas. The country is fertile, especially the Rhine valley, and rich in minerals. It is famous for its mineral springs. Among its manufactures the wooden clocks and straw plaitings of the Black Forest are known over the world; of clocks alone over seventy thousand are made yearly. The manufactures of jewelry at Pforzheim are the most important in Germany. Baden has a good school system, a Protestant university at Heidelberg and a Catholic university at Freiburg. The population is 2,010,728, of which a large majority are Catholics. A parliament of two houses limits the power of the sovereign, whose home is at Karlsruhe.
The earliest people of Baden were the Alemanni, and the present house of Baden began in the 11th century. At the time of the French Revolution, the spirit of change which was abroad in all Germany passed into Baden. The Grand Duke Leopold was driven out, but was restored to his throne by the aid of the Prussians. In 1867 though Baden had sided with Austria against Prussia, it was forced to enter the North German Confederation. The troops of Baden fought with distinction in the Franco-Prussian War, and the Grand Duchy became a part of the restored German empire. The present grand duke is Frederick I, who came to the throne in 1852. The area of the duchy is 5,823 square miles; Karlsruhe (population, 111,249) is the capital; but Mannheim (population, 163,693) is the chief town.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Semantics

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ SEMANTICS. That portion of linguistic science which treats of the development of signification of words. See Philology; Semasiology.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Senancour, Étienne Pivert de

Edition of 1905. See also Étienne Pivert de Senancour on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SENANCOUR, se-näN′ko͞or′, Étienne Pivert de (1770-1846). A French philosopher and littérateur, remembered almost solely as the author of Obermann. He was born in Paris of a noble family ruined by the Revolution. He was sickly from childhood. Though destined to the Church, he escaped from the Seminary of Saint-Sulpice to Switzerland, with his mother's help, and married there. He returned to Paris after his wife's death, about 1800, and remained there in poverty, relieved at the last by a modest pension, till his death at Saint Cloud. His more noteworthy works besides Obermann (1804) are Réveries sur la nature primitive de l'homme (1799), De l'amour selon les lois primordiales (1805), Observations sur le génie du christianisme (1816), and a feeble romance, Isabelle (1833). Obermann alone “has qualities which make it permanently valuable to kindred minds” (Matthew Arnold). In form a novel, it is in fact a series of melancholy reflections on nature and society, with the morbid sentiment of the romantic generation of 1830. Senancour found self-forgetfulness only in nature, his descriptions of which are often beautiful. Obermann is translated with a biographical and critical introduction by A. E. Waite (New York, 1903).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Senate

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​SENATE. The name commonly applied to the upper chamber of a legislative body. See government sections under United States; France; Italy; Spain. See also Congress; Committees.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Semaphore (signals)

Edition of 1905. See also the disclaimer.
​ SEMAPHORE. See Signaling and Telegraphy, Military; Signals, Marine; Block Signals; Storm and Weather Signals.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Semaphore (town)

Edition of 1905. See also Semaphore, South Australia on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​ SEM′APHORE. A town of the County of Adelaide, South Australia, 10 miles by rail northwest of Adelaide. It is a well-known bathing resort. Population, in 1901, about 8000.
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sempill, Robert

Edition of 1905. See also Robert Sempill on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SEM′PILL, Robert (c.1530-95). A Scottish ballad writer, who wrote many broadsides in support of the Reformation in Scotland. For them consult: The Sempill Ballates, ed. by Stevenson (Edinburgh, 1872); and Satirical Poems of the Time of the Reformation, ed. by Cranstoun (Scottish Text Society, 2 vols., ib., 1889-93).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Sen, Keshub Chunder

Edition of 1905. See also Keshub Chandra Sen on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SEN, Keshub Chunder (1838-84). A Hindu reformer and theist. He was bom at Garifa, Bengal, and received a mixed native and English education. He came into prominence in connection with the Theistic Church of India or the Brahmo-Somaj (q.v.), which he joined in 1857. In 1865 a division resulted, and the majority became known as the ‘progressive Somaj’ with Sen as the acknowledged leader. Although acknowledging the moral precepts of Christ, they demanded for India a Christ presented in Oriental form for the Hindu mind. In 1870 he visited England, where he was cordially received by scholars and ecclesiastics. When, in 1878, however, Sen, who had been one of the prime movers in the passage of the law against child marriage, permitted his daughter, thirteen years old, to wed the Rajah of Cutch Behar, he was deposed by some of his congregation and thenceforth his personal prestige declined. The dissenters formed the Sadhara or Cothetic Brahmo-Somaj. In 1881 he celebrated what he called the birth of the New Dispensation, promulgating the teachings which he had imbibed from Ramakrishna (q.v.). He was the author of Yoga, Objective and Subjective (1884). Consult: Max Müller, Biographical Essays (London, 1884); Mozoomdar, Life and Teachings of Keshub Chunder Sen (Calcutta, 1887).
# The New International Encyclopædia/Senart, Émile Charles Marie

Edition of 1905. See also Émile Senart on Wikipedia; and the disclaimer.
​SENART, se-när′, Émile Charles Marie (1847—). A French Orientalist, born at Rheims. He studied Sanskrit in Munich and Göttingen, and except for a short period of political activity devoted himself entirely to the languages and literature of India. His most famous work, Essai sur la légende du Bouddha (1875-82), advanced the theory that the tradition in regard to Buddha represents an old sun myth. Senart's other works include Kaccayana et la littérature grammaticale du Pâle (1871), Les castes dans l'Inde (1896), and an edition of the Mahavastu (1892-98).
# The Poetical Works of Elizabeth Margaret Chandler/The Chinese Son
## The Chinese Son

(The following lines were suggested by reading a narrative of a Chinese youth, whose mother felt great alarm during the prevalence of a thunderstorm, and whose filial affection always prompted him
to be present with his mother on such occasions, and even after her death to visit and remain at her grave, during their continuance.)
I come to thee, my mother! the black sky
Is swollen with its thunder, and the air
Seems palpable with darkness, save when high,
The lurid lightning streams a ruddy glare
Across the heavens, rousing from their lair
The deep-voiced thunders! how the mounting storm
Strides o'er the firmament! yet I can dare
Its fiercest terrors, mother, that my arm
May wind its shield of love around thy sleeping form.
What uproar! raging winds, and smiting hail,
The lightning's blaze, and deaf'ning thunder's crash,
Let loose at once for havoc! I should quail
Before the terrors of the forked flash,
Did not the thought of thee triumphant dash
All selfish fears aside, and bid me fly
To kneel beside thy grave; the rain-drops plash
Heavily round thee from the rifted sky;
Yet I am here, fear not—beside thy couch I lie.
Thou canst not hear me—the storm brings not now,
One terror to thy bosom—yet 't is sweet
To call to mind the smile, wherewith thy brow
Was wont in by-gone days my step to greet,
When o'er the earth the summer tempest beat,
And the loosed thunder shook the heavens—but when
Was there a look of mine that did not meet
A smile of love from thee? the world of men
A friend, like thou hast been, will never yield again.
Oh! mother, mother, how could love like thine
Pass from the earth away! on other eyes,
The glances of maternal love will shine,
And still on other hearts the blessing lies,
That made mine blissful; yet far less they prize
That boon of happiness—and in their glee,
Around their spirits gather many ties
Of joy and tenderness—but all to me
That made the earth seem bright, is sepulchred with thee.
They sometimes strive to lead me to the halls,
Where wine and mirth the fleeting moments wing,
But on my clouded spirit sadness falls,
More darkly then, than when the cave-glooms fling
Their shadows round me, and the night-winds sing
Through the torn rocks their melancholy dirge,
Or when as now the echoing thunder rings
O'er the wide heavens, and the mad gales urge
Unto an answering cry, the overmastering surge.
The storms of nature pass, and soon no trace
Is left to mark their ravage—but long years
Pass lingeringly onward, nor efface
The deep-cut channel of our burning tears,
Or aching scars, that wasting sorrow sears
Upon the breast: lo! even now, a gleam
Of moonlight through the broken clouds appears,
To bless the earth again. I fain would dream,
It was a smile of thine, to bless me with its beam.
# The Poetical Works of Elizabeth Margaret Chandler/The Enfranchised Slaves to Their Benefactress
## The Enfranchised Slaves to Their Benefactress

Oh, blessings on thee, lady! we could lie Down at thy feet, in our deep gratitude, And give ourselves to die, So thou could'st be made happier by our blood; Yet life has never seem'd so dear as now, That we may lift a free, unbranded brow.
In the deep silence of the starry night, Our lips shall call down blessings on thy head; And the first gush of light, That in its splendour o'er the world is spread, Shall view us bow'd in prayer, that life may be A calm and sunny day of joy for thee.
Free! free!—how glorious 't is to lift an eye, Unblenching beneath infamy and shame, To the blue boundless sky, And feel each moment from our hearts, the tame Dull pulses of our vileness pass away, Like sluggish mists before the rising day.
And then our infants! we shall never see Their young limbs cheapen'd at the public mart, Or shrink in agony, To view them writhe beneath the cruel smart Of the rude lash;—they ne'er like us shall know The slave's dark lot of wretchedness and woe.
For this we bless thee, lady! and may Heaven Pour down its frequent blessings on thy brow; And to thy life be given, Oft through its sunset hours, such bliss as now Is swelling round thy heart—scarce less than theirs Who pour for thee their deep and grateful prayers.
# The Poetical Works of Elizabeth Margaret Chandler/The Battle Field
## The Battle Field

The last fading sunbeam has sunk in the ocean, And darkness has shrouded the forest and hill; The scenes that late rang with the battle's commotion, Now sleep ‘neath the moonbeams serenely and still; Yet light misty vapours above them still hover, And dimly the pale beaming crescent discover, Though all the stern clangour of conflict is over, And hush'd the wild trump-note that echoed so shrill.
Around me the steed and the rider are lying, To wake at the bugle's loud summons no more— And here is the banner that o'er them was flying, Torn, trampled, and sullied, with earth and with gore. With morn—where the conflict the wildest was roaring, Where sabres were clashing, and death-shot were pouring, That banner was proudest and loftiest soaring— Now, standard and bearer alike are no more!
All hush'd! not a breathing of life from the numbers That scatter'd around me so heavily sleep,— Hath the cup of red wine lent its fumes to their slumbers, And stain'd their bright garments with crimson so deep? Ah no! these are not like gay revellers sleeping, The night-winds, unfelt, o'er their bosoms are creeping, Ignobly their plumes o'er the damp ground are creeping, And dews, all uncared for, their bright falchions steep.
Bright are they? at morning they were—ay, at morning, Yon forms were proud warriors, with hearts beating high, The smiles of stern valour their lips were adorning, And triumph flash'd out from the glance of their eye! But now—sadly alter'd, the evening hath found them, They care not for conquest, disgrace cannot wound them, Distinct but in name, from the earth spread around them, Beside their red broad-swords, unconscious, they lie.
How still is the scene! save when dismally whooping, The night-bird afar hails the gathering gloom; Or a heavy sound tells that their comrades are scooping A couch, where the sleepers may rest in the tomb. Alas! ere yon planet again shall be lighted, What hearts shall be broken, what hopes will be blighted, How many, ‘midst sorrow's dark storm-clouds benighted, Shall envy, e'en while they lament, for their doom.
Oh war! when thou ‘rt clothed in the garments of glory, When Freedom has lighted thy torch at her shrine And proudly thy deeds are emblazon'd in story, We think not, we feel not, what horrors are thine. But oh! when the victors and vanquish'd have parted, When lonely we stand on the war-ground deserted, And think on the dead, and on those broken-hearted, Thy blood-sprinkled laurel-wreath ceases to shine.
# The Poetical Works of Elizabeth Margaret Chandler/The Child's Evening Hymn
## The Child's Evening Hymn

Father! while the daylight dies, Hear our grateful voices rise: For the blessings that we share, For thy kindness and thy care,
For the joy that fills our breast; For the love that makes us blest, We thank thee, Father.
For an earthly father's arm, Shielding us from wrong and harm; For a mother's watchful cares, Mingled with her many prayers; For the happy kindred band, 'Midst whose peaceful links we stand, We bless thee, Father.
Yet while ‘neath the evening skies, Thus we bid our thanks arise, Father! still we think of those, Who are bow'd with many woes, Whom no earthly parent's arm Can protect from wrong and harm; The poor slaves, Father.
Ah! while we are richly blest, They are wretched and distrest! Outcasts in their native land, Crush'd beneath oppression's hand, Scarcely knowing even thee, Mighty Lord of earth and sea! Oh, save them, Father!
Touch the flinty hearts, that long Have, remorseless, done them wrong; Ope the eyes that long have been Blind to every guilty scene; That the slave—a slave no more— Grateful thanks to thee may pour, And bless thee, Father