OpenLLM-France/wikimedia huggingface dataset:
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradshaigh, Richard

​BRADSHAIGH, RICHARD. [See Barton.]
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradshaw, Richard

​BRADSHAW, RICHARD (fl. 1650), diplomatist, and a merchant of Chester, appears in December 1642 as one of the collectors of the contribution raised for the defence of that city (Hist. MSS. Comm. 8th Rep. p. 365). During the civil war he served as quartermaster-general of the horse under the command of Sir William Brereton [q. v.] (Petition in Commons Journals, 23 Jan. 1651). In the year 1649 he was mayor of Chester, and in January 1650 was appointed by parliament resident at Hamburg. In November 1652 he was for a short time employed as envoy to the king of Denmark, and in April 1657 was sent on a similar mission to Russia. He returned to England in 1659, and was in January 1660 one of the commissioners of the navy (Mercurius Politicus, 28 Jan. 1660). He is said by Heath to have been the kinsman of President Bradshaw; and from the tone of his letters, and his attendance at Bradshaw's funeral, this appears to have been the case. Mr. Horwood states that he was the nephew of John Bradshaw; but the pedigree of the latter's family given in Earwaker's 'History of Cheshire' does not confirm this statement.
C. H. F.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradshaw, Ann Maria

​BRADSHAW, ANN MARIA (1801–1862), actress and vocalist, was born in London in August 1801. Her maiden name was Tree, and her father, who lived in Lancaster Buildings, St. Martin's Lane, was in the East India House. After a training in the chorus at Drury Lane, and a short experience in Bath, she appeared in 1818 at Covent Garden as Rosina in 'The Barber of Seville.' Subsequently she played, principally as a substitute for Miss Foote or Miss Stephens, Patty in 'The Maid of the Mill,' Susannah in 'The Marriage of Figaro,' and other similar characters. Her first recorded appearance in ah original role seems to have been as Princess Stella in the 'Gnome King,' a spectacular piece produced on 6 Oct. 1819 at Covent Garden. On 11 Dec. of the same year she appeared as Luciana in an opera founded by Reynolds on 'The Comedy of Errors.' This led to the series of Shakespearean performances on which her fame rests. In various renderings, musical and otherwise, of Shakespearean comedy, she played with success Ariel, Viola, Imogen, Julia (in the 'Two Gentlemen of Verona'), Ophelia, and Rosalind. With the exception of a solitary appearance at Drury Lane on April 1823, when she was lent by her own management, she appears to have remained at Covent Garden till her retirement. This took place on 15 June 1825 in two of her original characters, Mary Coppin 'Charles II,' by Howard Payne, and Clari in the opera of that name, by the same author. Shortly afterwards she married, under passably romantic circumstances, and after, it is said, an attempt at suicide, James Bradshaw, a man of property. She died on 18 Feb. 1862. Of medium stature and pleasing figure, and with no special claim to beauty, she owed her popularity to the pathos in her voice. Though inferior to her singing, her acting won commendation. She was much praised for the modesty of her performance in male attire. Her sister, Ellen Tree, became the wife of Mr. Charles Kean.
[Genest's History of the Stage; Oxberry's Dramatic Biography; The Drama or Theatrical Pocket Magazine; Era Almanack.]
J. K.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradshaw, James (1636?-1702)

​BRADSHAW, JAMES (1636?–1702), ejected minister, of the Bradshaws of Haigh, near Wigan, the elder and royalist branch of the family, was born at Hacken. in the parish of Bolton, Lancashire, about 1636. He was educated at the Bolton grammar school and Corpus Christ College, Oxford, but did not graduate. This was due to the influence of his uncle Holmes, then a minister in Northamptonshire, under whom he studied divinity, Returning to Lancashire, he was ordained minister of Hindley. With other Lancashire ministers, he was concerned in the royalist rising under Sir George Booth [q. v.] He was ejected in 1662, but, continuing to preach, he suffered some months' imprisonment at the instance of his relative Sir Roger Bradshaw, an episcopalian magistrate. On the indulgence of 1672 he got possession of Rainford Chapel,in the parish of Prescot. The neighbouring clergy now and then preached for him, read-ing the prayer-book; hence the churchwarden was able to say 'yes' to the question at visitations: 'ave you common prayer read yearly in your chapel?' Pearson, the bishop of Chester, would not sustain informations against peaceable ministers, so Bradshaw was not disturbed. He was also one of the Monday lecturers at Bolton. He died at Rainford in 1702, in his sixty-seventh year, his death being the result of a mishap while riding to preach. His son Ebenezer, presbyterian minister at Ramsgate, was ordained 22 June 1694 in Dr. Annesley's meeting-house, Bishopsgate Within, near Little St. Helen's (this was at the first public ordination among presbyterians after the Restoration). Bradshaw published:
* . 'The Sleepy Spouse of Christ alarm'd,' &c., 1677, 12mo (sermons on Cant. v., preface by Nathaniel Vincent, M.A., who died 21 June 1697, aged 52).
* 'The Trial and Triumph of Faith.'
Halley confuses him (ii. 184) with another James Bradshaw, born at Darcy Lever, near Bolton, Lancashire, educated at Brasenose College, Oxford, presbyterian rector of Wigan, who in 1644 encouraged the siege of Lathom House by sermons from Jerem. xv. 14, in which he compared Lathom's seven towers to the seven heads of the beast. He was superseded at Wigan by Charles Hotham for not observing the parliamentary fast, but called to Macclesfield, whence he was ejected in 1662. He preached at Houghton Chapel, and subsequently at Bradshaw Chapel, reading some of the prayers, but not subscribing. He died in May 1683, aged 73.
[Calamy's Account, 1713, pp. 16, 123; Calamy's Continuation, 1727, pp. 17, 140; Palmer's Nonconf. Memorial, 1802, i. 337, ii. 364; Hatfield's Manch. Socin. Controversy, 1825, p. 140; Halley's Lanc., its Puritanism and Nonconf., 1869, i. 391, 473, ii. 97, 105, 108, 185, 238; Cat. Dr. Williams's Library, 184 1, ii. 432; Fisher's Comp. and Key to Hist. of Eng. 1832. pp. 535, 757; Calamy's Hist. Acc. of my own Life, 2nd ed. 1830, p. 349; information from Rev. P. Vance-Smith, Hindley.]
A. G.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bradshaw, James (1717-1746)

​BRADSHAW, JAMES (1717–1746), Jacobite rebel, born in 1717, was the only child of a well-to-do Roman catholic in trade at Manchester. He was educated at the free school, and learned some classics there. About 1734 he was bound apprentice to Mr. Charles Worral, a Manchester factor, trading at the Golden Ball, Lawrence Lane, London. In 1740 Bradshaw was called back to Manchester through the illness of his father, and after his father's death he found himself in possession of a thriving trade and several thousand pounds. Very quickly (about 1741) he took a London partner, Mr. James Dawson, near the Axe Inn, Aldermanbury, and he married a Miss Waggstaff of Manchester. She and an only child both died in 1743. Bradshaw thereupon threw in his lot with the Pretender. He was one of the rebel courtiers assembled at Carlisle on 10 Nov. 1745. He visited his own city on 29 Nov., where he busied himself in recruiting at the Bell Inn. He was a member of the council of war, and received his fellow-rebels in his own house. Having accepted a captaincy in Colonel Towneley's regiment he marched to Derby, paying his men out of his own purse; he headed his company on horseback in the skirmish at Clifton Moor; he attended the Pretender's levée on the retreat through Carlisle in December; and preferring to be in Lord Elcho's troop of horse when the rebels were striving to keep together in Scotland in the early weeks of 1746, he fought at Falkirk. He was at Stirling, Perth, Strathbogie, and finally at Culloden, on 16 April in the same year, where in the rout he was taken prisoner. His passage to London was by ship, with forty-two fellow-prisoners. He was taken to the New Gaol, Southwark; his trial took place at St. Margaret's Hill on 27 Oct. On that occasion he was dressed in new green cloth, and bore himself somewhat gaily. His counsel urged that he had always had 'lunatick pranks,' and had been driven entirely mad by the death of his wife and child. He was found guilty, and having been kept in gaol nearly a month more, he was executed on Kennington Common, 28 Nov. 1746, aged only 29.
[Howell's State Trials, xviii. 415-24.]
J. H.
# Dellmuth v. Muth/Dissent Stevens

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Scalia
* Dissenting Opinions Brennan Blackmun Stevens
Justice STEVENS, dissenting.
While I join Justice BRENNAN's dissent, I adhere to my view that a "statute cannot amend the Constitution." Pennsylvania v. Union Gas Co., 491 U.S. 1, 24, 109 S.Ct. 2273, 2286, 105 L.Ed.2d 1 (1989) (concurring opinion). Because this case deals with the judicially created doctrine of sovereign immunity rather than the real Eleventh Amendment's limitation on federal judicial power, the congressional decision to confer jurisdiction on the federal courts must prevail.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dellmuth v. Muth/Concurrence Scalia

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Scalia
* Dissenting Opinions Brennan Blackmun Stevens
Justice SCALIA, concurring.
I join the opinion of the Court, with the understanding that its reasoning does not preclude congressional elimination of sovereign immunity in statutory text that clearly subjects States to suit for monetary damages, though without explicit reference to state sovereign immunity or the Eleventh Amendment.
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dellmuth v. Muth/Dissent Blackmun

* Court Documents
* Case Syllabus
* Opinion of the Court
* Concurring Opinion Scalia
* Dissenting Opinions Brennan Blackmun Stevens
Justice BLACKMUN, dissenting.
I join Justice BRENNAN's opinion because he correctly ascertains the unmistakable intent of Congress to subject state agencies to liability for tuition-reimbursement awards under the Education of the Handicapped Act, 20 U.S.C. § 1415(e)(2). See also School Committee of Burlington v. Department of Education of Massachusetts, 471 U.S. 359, 105 S.Ct. 1996, 85 L.Ed.2d 385 (1985). Indeed, as Justice BRENNAN convincingly demonstrates, this statute passes even the stringent test set forth in Atascadero State Hospital v. Scanlon, 473 U.S. 234, 105 S.Ct. 3142, 87 L.Ed.2d 171 (1985). It is only by resorting to a stricter standard yet that the Court is able to reach the result that it does here. Because the Court never should have started down this road, it certainly should not take today's additional step.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Delli Paoli v. United States

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
United States Supreme Court
352 U.S. 232
Delli Paoli v. United States
Argued: Oct. 18, 1956. --- Decided: Jan 14, 1957
Mr. Daniel H. Greenberg, New York City, for petitioner.
Mr. J. F. Bishop, Washington, D.C., for respondent.
Mr. Justice BURTON delivered the opinion of the Court.

## Notes

This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Delling v. Idaho

* related portals: Supreme Court of the United States.
* sister projects: Wikidata item.
(slip opinion - see disclaimer)

## Dissenting Opinion

    Breyer
Cite as: 568 U. S. ____ (2012)
SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES
JOHN JOSEPH DELLING v. IDAHO
ON PETITION FOR WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE SUPREME COURT OF IDAHO
The petition for a writ of certiorari is denied.
| | The current edition of this document derives from the electronic version of the "slip opinion" posted online by the Supreme Court of the United States the day the decision was handed down. It is not the final or most authoritative version. It is subject to further revision by the Court and should be replaced with the final edition when it is published in a print volume of the United States Reports. The Court's full disclaimer regarding slip opinions follows: |
| The "slip" opinion is the second version of an opinion. It is sent to the printer later in the day on which the "bench" opinion is released by the Court. Each slip opinion has the same elements as the bench opinion—majority or plurality opinion, concurrences or dissents, and a prefatory syllabus—but may contain corrections not appearing in the bench opinion. Caution: These electronic opinions may contain computer-generated errors or other deviations from the official printed slip opinion pamphlets. Moreover, a slip opinion is replaced within a few months by a paginated version of the case in the preliminary print, and—one year after the issuance of that print—by the final version of the case in a U. S. Reports bound volume. In case of discrepancies between the print and electronic versions of a slip opinion, the print version controls. In case of discrepancies between the slip opinion and any later official version of the opinion, the later version controls. (source: http://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/slipopinions.aspx) ||
This work is in the public domain in the United States because it is a work of the United States federal government (see 17 U.S.C. 105).
Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baynard, Fulk

1904 Errata appended.
​BAYNARD, FULK (fl. 1226), itinerant justice, was seated at Merton, Norfolk, and was specially constituted a justice for a single occasion in November 1226.
J. H. R.
Dictionary of National Biography, Errata (1904), p.18 N.B.— f.e. stands for from end and l.l. for last line
| Page | Col. | Line | |
| 453 | ii | 14 | Baynard, Fulk: for (d. 1806) read (fl. 1226) |
| | | 22-23 | for was born in 1631 read son of Robert Baynes, was baptised at Leeds parish churc on 22 Dec. 1622 |
| 455 | i | 3-4 | for Northamptonshire read near Leeds in Yorkshire |
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bayly, William

​BAYLY, WILLIAM (1737–1810), astronomer, was born at Bishops Cannings, or Carions, in Wiltshire. His father was a small farmer, and Bayly's boyhood was spent at the plough. In spite of the constant manual work he had to do, he took advantage of the kindness of an exciseman living in a neighbouring village, who offered to give him some lessons. From him he learned the elements of arithmetic. A gentleman of Bath, named Kingston, heard of the lad's taste for mathematics, and gave him some help. He became usher in a school at Stoke, near Bristol, and after a while took a similar situation in another school in the neighbourhood. While thus employed, he took every opportunity of increasing his mathematical knowledge. Dr. Maskelyne, the astronomer-royal, happened to hear of his talents, and engaged him as an assistant at the Royal Observatory. On his recommendation Bayly, in 1769, was sent out by the Royal Society to the North Cape to observe the transit of Venus that occurred in that year, and his observations were printed in the ‘Philosophical Transactions’ of the society. In 1772 he accompanied Wales as an astrononomer on Cook's second voyage of discovery to the southern hemisphere. The two ships employed in the expedition, the Resolution and the Adventure, sailed on 13 June. He also sailed in Cook's third and last voyage made with the Resolution and the Discovery, which cleared the channel on 14 July 1776 (Pinkerton, xi. 639). This voyage, in which Cook was slain, came to an end in 1780. In 1785 Bayly was made head-master of the Royal Academy at Portsmouth, an office he continued to hold until the establishment of the Royal Naval College in 1807, when he retired on a sufficient pension. The organ in the parish church of his native village is his gift (Murray, Handbook to Wilts, Dorset, and Somerset, p. 62, ed. 1869). He died at Portsea towards the end of 1810. His published works are: 1. ‘Astronomical Observations made at the North Cape for the Royal Society by Mr. Bayley (sic),’ ‘Philosophical Transactions,’ 59, 262. 2. ‘The Original Astronomical Observations made in the course of a Voyage towards the South Pole … by W. Wales and W. Bayly … by order of the Board of Longitude,’ 1777. 3. ‘Original Astronomical Observations made in the course of a Voyage to the Northern Pacific Ocean. … in the years 1776–1780, by Capt. J. Cooke, Lieut. J. King, and W. Bayly … by order of the Board of Longitude,’ 1782.
W. H.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baynard, Ann

​BAYNARD, ANN (1672–1697), noted for her learning and piety, was the only child of Dr. Edward Baynard [q. v.], and was born at Preston. She was carefully trained by her father in philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, physics, and classical literature. According to her chief panegyrist, at the age of twenty-three she ‘was arrived at the knowledge of a bearded philosopher.’ Her piety and charity were equally notable. ‘The great end of her study,’ writes Collier, in his ‘Great Historical Dictionary,’ ‘was to encounter atheists and libertines, as may be seen in some seven satyrs written in the Latin tongue, in which language she had a great readiness and fluency of expression, ​which made a gentleman of no small parts and learning say of her:—
Annam gens Solymæa, Annam gens Belgica jactat: At superas Annas, Anna Baynarda, duas.’
She earnestly urged the ladies of her acquaintance to live serious lives and abandon ‘visits, vanity, and toys’ for ‘study and thinking.’ The last two years of her life were mainly spent in meditation in the churchyard at Barnes, Surrey. She died at Barnes on 12 June 1697, aged about 25, and was buried there a few days later. At her funeral John Prude, curate of St. Clement Danes, London, preached a biographical sermon, which was printed with a dedication to her female friends.
S. L. L.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baynard, Robert

​BAYNARD, ROBERT (d. 1331), judge, was son of Fulk Baynard [q. v.] He was elected knight of the shire for Norfolk several times between 1289 and 1327, and had the custody of the county in 1311–12. In January and July 1313 he was summoned to parliament, and at the accession of Edward III was made a justice of the king's bench 9 March 1327.
J. H. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Bayne, Alexander

​BAYNE, ALEXANDER, of Rires (d. 1737), first tenant of the chair of Scots law in the university of Edinburgh, the son of John Bayne of Logie, Fife, to whom he was served heir in general on 8 Oct. 1700, and descended from the old Fifeshire family of Tulloch, was admitted advocate on 10 July 1714, but seems to have had little or no practice. In January 1722 he was appointed curator of the Advocates' Library, and on the establishment of the chair of Scots law in the university of Edinburgh in the same year the town council elected him (28 Nov.) to fill it. He had already for some time been engaged in lecturing on that subject in an unofficial capacity. Early in 1726 he retired from the office of curator of the Advocates' Library, the usual term of holding that position having then expired. In the same year he published an edition of Sir Thomas Hope's ‘Minor Practicks,’ a work which is said to have been dictated by its author to his son while dressing, and which had lain in manuscript for nearly half a century, but which, in the opinion of the most competent judges, is a masterpiece of legal erudition, acuteness, and ​subtlety. To this Bayne appended a ‘Discourse on the Rise and Progress of the Law of Scotland and the Method of Studying it.’ In 1730 he published ‘Institutions of the Criminal Law of Scotland’ (Edinburgh, 12mo), a small work designed for the use of students attending his professional lectures, of which it was little more than a synopsis, and in 1731 ‘Notes for the Use of Students of the Municipal Law in the University of Edinburgh, being a Supplement to the Institutes of Sir George Mackenzie,’ Edinburgh, 12mo. In June 1737 he died. Bayne married Mary, daughter of Anne, the only surviving child of Sir William Bruce of Kinross, by her second husband, Sir John Carstairs of Kilconquhar, by whom he had three sons and two daughters. One of his daughters became the first wife of Allan Ramsay the painter and son of the poet.
J. M. R.
# Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900/Baynes, Adam

There is a typo in the author initials in the original.
​BAYNES, ADAM (1622–1670), soldier of the Commonwealth, son of Robert Baynes, was baptised at Leeds parish church 22 Dec. 1622, entered the army of the parliament, and rose to rank of captain. Arrangement was made by the treasurers of war in June 1649, to repay to Baynes and Paul Beale, described as ‘York merchants,’ 6,700l., a sum advanced by them in connection with the disbandment of the parliamentary forces in Yorkshire, and the despatch of soldiers thence to Ireland to serve in Cromwell's Irish campaign (Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, vol. for 1649–50, p. 574). He seems soon afterwards to have been appointed a commissioner of excise, and subsequently a commissioner of customs, and to have been at times a member both of the army and admiralty committees. He sat in the first protectoral parliament as member for Leeds, then for the first time enfranchised, which town he again represented in the parliament of 1656. In 1657 he was appointed a visitor in the charter for the nascent college of Durham; and in Richard Cromwell's parliament of 1659 he sat as member for Appleby. He appears to have trafficked largely in the purchase of forfeited estates, buying among others Queen Henrietta's domain of Holmby and several royal forests in Lancashire. He is also said to have bought Wimbledon from Lambert, with whom he was on terms of intimacy. At the Restoration he was deprived of some of his acquisitions, but his circumstances continued to be affluent. In 1666, when the authorities feared an anti-royalist rising, Baynes, who had for some time been suspected of plotting against the government, was among those arrested and imprisoned in the Tower for ‘treasonable ​practices’ (Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, vol. for 1666–7, p. 531). He died at his estate of Knowstropp, near Leeds, Yorkshire, in December 1670. In the British Museum (Add. MSS. 21417–427) there are ten volumes of letters (presented by the Rev. Adam Baynes, a descendant, in 1856) addressed to Baynes, for the most part by his brother and his cousin, Robert and John Baynes, who were officers in the Commonwealth army. Some of these were printed by J. Y. Akerman in the second and third volumes of the ‘Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries’ (1st series). A much larger selection from them is contained in a volume published (in 1856) by the Bannatyne Club, and edited by J. Y. Akerman, as ‘Letters from Roundhead Officers, written from Scotland, and chiefly addressed to Captain Adam Baynes, July 1650—January 1660.’
[Akerman's Preface to the Letters from Roundhead Officers; Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, 1649–67.] P. E.